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phase</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: rubbery phase"> <meta name="keywords" content="rubbery phase"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="rubbery phase"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 4439</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: rubbery phase</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4439</span> Study the Effect of Rubbery Phase on Morphology Development of PP/PA6/(EPDM:EPDM-g-MA) Ternary Blends</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Afsari">B. Afsari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Hassanpour"> M. Hassanpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Shabani"> M. Shabani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aimed to investigate the phase morphology of ternary blends comprising PP, PA6, and a blend of EPDM and EPDM-g-MA in a 70/15/15 ratio. Varying ratios of EPDM to EPDM-g-MA were examined. As the proportion of EPDM-g-MA increased, an interlayer phase formed between the dispersed PA6 domains and the PP matrix. This resulted in the development of a core-shell encapsulation morphology within the blends. The concentration of the EPDM-g-MA component is inversely correlated with the average size of PA6 particles. Additionally, blends containing higher proportions of the EPDM-g-MA rubbery phase exhibited an aggregated structure of the modifier particles. Notably, as the concentration of EPDM-g-MA increased from 0% to 15% in the blend, there was a consistent monotonic reduction in the size of PA6 particles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20morphology" title="phase morphology">phase morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rubbery%20phase" title=" rubbery phase"> rubbery phase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rubber%20functionality" title=" rubber functionality"> rubber functionality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ternary%20blends" title=" ternary blends"> ternary blends</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182166/study-the-effect-of-rubbery-phase-on-morphology-development-of-pppa6epdmepdm-g-ma-ternary-blends" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182166.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4438</span> Effect of Molecular Weight Distribution on Toughening Performance of Polybutadiene in Polystyrene</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Mohsen%20Yavarizadeh">Mohamad Mohsen Yavarizadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polystyrene (PS) and related homopolymers are brittle materials that typically fail in tensile tests at very low strains. These polymers can be toughened by the addition of rubbery particles which initiate a large number of crazes that produce substantial plastic strain at relatively low stresses. Considerable energy is dissipated in the formation of these crazes, producing a relatively tough material that shows an impact toughness of more than 5 times of pure PS. While cross linking of rubbery phase is necessary in aforementioned mechanism of toughening, another mechanism of toughening was also introduced in which low molecular weight liquid rubbers can also toughen PS when dispersed in the form of small pools in the glassy matrix without any cross linking. However, this new mechanism which is based on local plasticization, fails to act properly at high strain rate deformations, i.e. impact tests. In this work, the idea of combination of these two mechanisms was tried. To do so, Polybutadiene rubbers (PB) with bimodal distribution of molecular weight were prepared in which, comparable fractions of very high and very low molecular weight rubbers were mixed. Incorporation of these materials in PS matrix in a reactive process resulted in more significant increases in toughness of PS. In other words, although low molecular weight PB is ineffective in high strain rate impact test by itself, it showed a significant synergistic effect when combined with high molecular weight PB. Surprisingly, incorporation of just 10% of low molecular weight PB doubled the impact toughness of regular high impact PS (HIPS). It was observed that most of rubbery particles could initiate crazes. The effectiveness of low molecular weight PB in impact test was attributed to low strain rate deformation of each individual craze as a result of producing a large number of crazes in this material. In other words, high molecular weight PB chains make it possible to have an appropriate dispersion of rubbery phase in order to create a large number of crazes in the PS matrix and consequently decrease the velocity of each craze. Low molecular weight PB, in turn, would have enough time to locally plasticize craze fibrils and enhance the energy dissipation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20weight%20distribution" title="molecular weight distribution">molecular weight distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polystyrene" title=" polystyrene"> polystyrene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toughness" title=" toughness"> toughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homopolymer" title=" homopolymer"> homopolymer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26248/effect-of-molecular-weight-distribution-on-toughening-performance-of-polybutadiene-in-polystyrene" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26248.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">442</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4437</span> Phase Shifter with Frequency Adaptive Control Circuit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussein%20Shaman">Hussein Shaman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study introduces an innovative design for an RF phase shifter that can maintain a consistent phase shift across a broad spectrum of frequencies. The proposed design integrates an adaptive control system into a reflective-type phase shifter, typically showing frequency-related variations. Adjusting the DC voltage according to the frequency ensures a more reliable phase shift across the frequency span of operation. In contrast, conventional frequency-dependent reflective-type phase shifters may exhibit significant fluctuations in phase shifts exceeding 60 degrees in the same bandwidth. The proposed phase shifter is configured to deliver a 90-degree operation with an expected deviation of around 15 degrees. The fabrication of the phase shifter and adaptive control circuit has been verified through experimentation, with the measured outcomes aligning with the simulation results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20shifter" title="phase shifter">phase shifter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20control" title=" adaptive control"> adaptive control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=varactors" title=" varactors"> varactors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20circuits." title=" electronic circuits."> electronic circuits.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182584/phase-shifter-with-frequency-adaptive-control-circuit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182584.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4436</span> Frequency-Dependent and Full Range Tunable Phase Shifter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yufu%20Yin">Yufu Yin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tao%20Lin"> Tao Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shanghong%20Zhao"> Shanghong Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zihang%20Zhu"> Zihang Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xuan%20Li"> Xuan Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Jiang"> Wei Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiurong%20Zheng"> Qiurong Zheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hui%20Wang"> Hui Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a frequency-dependent and tunable phase shifter is proposed and numerically analyzed. The key devices are the dual-polarization binary phase shift keying modulator (DP-BPSK) and the fiber Bragg grating (FBG). The phase-frequency response of the FBG is employed to determine the frequency-dependent phase shift. The simulation results show that a linear phase shift of the recovered output microwave signal which depends on the frequency of the input RF signal is achieved. In addition, by adjusting the power of the RF signal, the full range phase shift from 0° to 360° can be realized. This structure shows the spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) of 70.90 dB·Hz<sup>2/3</sup> and 72.11 dB·Hz<sup>2/3</sup> under different RF powers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave%20photonics" title="microwave photonics">microwave photonics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20shifter" title=" phase shifter"> phase shifter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spurious%20free%20dynamic%20range" title=" spurious free dynamic range"> spurious free dynamic range</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency-dependent" title=" frequency-dependent"> frequency-dependent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95223/frequency-dependent-and-full-range-tunable-phase-shifter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95223.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4435</span> Experimental Study on Flooding Phenomena in a Three-Phase Direct Contact Heat Exchanger for the Utilisation in Solar Pond Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hameed%20B.%20Mahood">Hameed B. Mahood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Sh.%20Baqir"> Ali Sh. Baqir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alasdair%20N.%20Campbell"> Alasdair N. Campbell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Experiments to study the limitation of flooding inception of three-phase direct contact condenser have been carried out in a counter-current small diameter vertical condenser. The total column height was 70 cm and 4 cm diameter. Only 48 cm has been used as an active three-phase direct contact condenser height. Vapour pentane with three different initial temperatures (40, 43.5 and 47.5 °C) and water with a constant temperature (19 °C) have been used as a dispersed phase and a continuous phase respectively. Five different continuous phase mass flow rate and four different dispersed phase mass flow rate have been tested throughout the experiments. Dimensionless correlation based on the previous common flooding correlation is proposed to calculate the up flow flooding inception of the three-phase direct contact condenser. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Three-phase%20heat%20exchanger" title="Three-phase heat exchanger">Three-phase heat exchanger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=condenser" title=" condenser"> condenser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20energy" title=" solar energy"> solar energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flooding%20phenomena" title=" flooding phenomena"> flooding phenomena</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57093/experimental-study-on-flooding-phenomena-in-a-three-phase-direct-contact-heat-exchanger-for-the-utilisation-in-solar-pond-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57093.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">339</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4434</span> A New Spell-Out Mechanism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusra%20Yahya">Yusra Yahya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a new spell-out mechanism is developed and defended. This mechanism builds on the role of phase heads as both the loci of spell-out features and the transfer triggers via either Phase Impenetrability Condition 1 (PIC1) and/or Phase Impenetrability Condition 2 (PIC2). The assumption here is that phase heads, mainly v*, can regulate the spell-out process by deciding both the type of spell-out applying and the timing of spell-out relevant. This paper also proposes a new form of the constraint Wrap call it Wrap-XP’ and it is assumed to apply to IP as a functional maximal projection. This extension is shown to fall as a natural result once we assume the new theory of phases and multiple spell-out. Moreover, it is proposed in this work that some forms of XP movement are not motivated by an EPP feature of a strong phase head mainly v*, but they are rather motivated by a last resort strategy to accomplish the spell-out instruction of this phase head. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linguistics" title="linguistics">linguistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=syntax" title=" syntax"> syntax</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phonology" title=" phonology"> phonology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20theory" title=" phase theory"> phase theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimality%20theory" title=" optimality theory"> optimality theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37580/a-new-spell-out-mechanism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37580.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">514</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4433</span> Generalized Mean-Field Theory of Phase Unwrapping via Multiple Interferograms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yohei%20Saika">Yohei Saika</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> On the basis of Bayesian inference using the maximizer of the posterior marginal estimate, we carry out phase unwrapping using multiple interferograms via generalized mean-field theory. Numerical calculations for a typical wave-front in remote sensing using the synthetic aperture radar interferometry, phase diagram in hyper-parameter space clarifies that the present method succeeds in phase unwrapping perfectly under the constraint of surface- consistency condition, if the interferograms are not corrupted by any noises. Also, we find that prior is useful for extending a phase in which phase unwrapping under the constraint of the surface-consistency condition. These results are quantitatively confirmed by the Monte Carlo simulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayesian%20inference" title="Bayesian inference">Bayesian inference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20mean-field%20theory" title=" generalized mean-field theory"> generalized mean-field theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20unwrapping" title=" phase unwrapping"> phase unwrapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20interferograms" title=" multiple interferograms"> multiple interferograms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20mechanics" title=" statistical mechanics"> statistical mechanics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11354/generalized-mean-field-theory-of-phase-unwrapping-via-multiple-interferograms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11354.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">479</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4432</span> Estimation of Harmonics in Three-Phase and Six-Phase-Phase (Multi-Phase) Load Circuits</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zakir%20Husain">Zakir Husain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepak%20Kumar"> Deepak Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The harmonics are very harmful within an electrical system and can have serious consequences such as reducing the life of apparatus, stress on cable and equipment etc. This paper cites extensive analytical study of harmonic characteristics of multiphase (six-phase) and three-phase system equipped with two and three level inverters for non-linear loads. Multilevel inverter has elevated voltage capability with voltage limited devices, low harmonic distortion, abridged switching losses. Multiphase technology also pays a promising role in harmonic reduction. Matlab simulation is carried out to compare the advantage of multi-phase over three phase systems equipped with two or three level inverters for non-linear load harmonic reduction. The extensive simulation results are presented based on case studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fast%20Fourier%20transform%20%28FFT%29" title="fast Fourier transform (FFT)">fast Fourier transform (FFT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=harmonics" title=" harmonics"> harmonics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverter" title=" inverter"> inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ripples" title=" ripples"> ripples</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20harmonic%20distortion%20%28THD%29" title=" total harmonic distortion (THD)"> total harmonic distortion (THD)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11824/estimation-of-harmonics-in-three-phase-and-six-phase-phase-multi-phase-load-circuits" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11824.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">552</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4431</span> Gas-Liquid Two Phase Flow Phenomenon in Near Horizontal Upward and Downward Inclined Pipe Orientations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afshin%20J.%20Ghajar">Afshin J. Ghajar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swanand%20M.%20Bhagwat"> Swanand M. Bhagwat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main purpose of this work is to experimentally investigate the effect of pipe orientation on two phase flow phenomenon. Flow pattern, void fraction and two phase pressure drop is measured in a polycarbonate pipe with an inside diameter of 12.7mm for inclination angles ranging from -20° to +20° using air-water fluid combination. The experimental data covers all flow patterns and the entire range of void fraction typically observed in two phase flow. The effect of pipe orientation on void fraction and two phase pressure drop is justified with reference to the change in flow structure and two phase flow behavior. In addition to this, the top performing void fraction and two phase pressure drop correlations available in the literature are presented and their performance is assessed against the experimental data in the present study and that available in the literature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20patterns" title="flow patterns">flow patterns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclined%20two%20phase%20flow" title=" inclined two phase flow"> inclined two phase flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20drop" title=" pressure drop"> pressure drop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=void%20fraction" title=" void fraction "> void fraction </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6215/gas-liquid-two-phase-flow-phenomenon-in-near-horizontal-upward-and-downward-inclined-pipe-orientations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6215.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">681</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4430</span> Damage in Cementitious Materials Exposed to Sodium Chloride Solution and Thermal Cycling: The Effect of Using Supplementary Cementitious Materials </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fadi%20Althoey">Fadi Althoey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yaghoob%20Farnam"> Yaghoob Farnam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sodium chloride (NaCl) can interact with the tricalcium aluminate (C3A) and its hydrates in concrete matrix. This interaction can result in formation of a harmful chemical phase as the temperature changes. It is thought that this chemical phase is embroiled in the premature concrete deterioration in the cold regions. This work examines the potential formation of the harmful chemical phase in various pastes prepared by using different types of ordinary portland cement (OPC) and supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). The quantification of the chemical phase was done by using a low temperature differential scanning calorimetry. The results showed that the chemical phase formation can be reduced by using Type V cement (low content of C3A). The use of SCMs showed different behaviors on the formation of the chemical phase. Slag and Class F fly ash can reduce the chemical phase by the dilution of cement whereas silica fume can reduce the amount of the chemical phase by dilution and pozzolanic activates. Interestingly, the use of Class C fly ash has a negative effect on concrete exposed to NaCl through increasing the formation of the chemical phase. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title="concrete">concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage" title=" damage"> damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemcial%20phase" title=" chemcial phase"> chemcial phase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NaCl" title=" NaCl"> NaCl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SCMs" title=" SCMs"> SCMs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123461/damage-in-cementitious-materials-exposed-to-sodium-chloride-solution-and-thermal-cycling-the-effect-of-using-supplementary-cementitious-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123461.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4429</span> Design and Simulation a Low Phase Noise CMOS LC VCO for IEEE802.11a WLAN Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hooman%20Kaabi">Hooman Kaabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raziyeh%20Karkoub"> Raziyeh Karkoub</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work proposes a structure of AMOS-varactors. A 5GHz LC-VCO designed in TSMC 0.18μm CMOS to improve phase noise and tuning range performance. The tuning range is from 5.05GHZ to 5.88GHz.The phase noise is -154.9dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset from the carrier. It meets the requirements for IEEE 802.11a WLAN standard. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CMOS%20LC%20VCO" title="CMOS LC VCO">CMOS LC VCO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spiral%20inductor" title=" spiral inductor"> spiral inductor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=varactor" title=" varactor"> varactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20noise" title=" phase noise"> phase noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tuning%20range" title=" tuning range"> tuning range</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25972/design-and-simulation-a-low-phase-noise-cmos-lc-vco-for-ieee80211a-wlan-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25972.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">536</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4428</span> Efficiency Improvement of REV-Method for Calibration of Phased Array Antennas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Hristov">Daniel Hristov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper describes the principle of operation, simulation and physical validation of method for simultaneous acquisition of gain and phase states of multiple antenna elements and the corresponding feed lines across a Phased Array Antenna (PAA). The derived values for gain and phase are used for PAA-calibration. The method utilizes the Rotating-Element Electric- Field Vector (REV) principle currently used for gain and phase state estimation of single antenna element across an active antenna aperture. A significant reduction of procedure execution time is achieved with simultaneous setting of different phase delays to multiple phase shifters, followed by a single power measurement. The initial gain and phase states are calculated using spectral and correlation analysis of the measured power series. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antenna" title="antenna">antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antenna%20arrays" title=" antenna arrays"> antenna arrays</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calibration" title=" calibration"> calibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20measurement" title=" phase measurement"> phase measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20measurement" title=" power measurement"> power measurement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122649/efficiency-improvement-of-rev-method-for-calibration-of-phased-array-antennas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122649.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4427</span> Pressure Induced Phase Transition and Elastic Properties of Cerium Mononitride</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Namrata%20Yaduvanshi">Namrata Yaduvanshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shilpa%20Kapoor"> Shilpa Kapoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pooja%20Pawar"> Pooja Pawar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadhna%20Singh"> Sadhna Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present paper, we have investigated the high-pressure structural phase transition and elastic properties of cerium mononitride. We studied theoretically the structural properties of this compound (CeN) by using the Improved Interaction Potential Model (IIPM) approach. This compound exhibits first order crystallographic phase transition from NaCl (B1) to tetragonal (BCT) phase at 37 GPa. The phase transition pressures and associated volume collapse obtained from present potential model (IIPM) show a good agreement with available theoretical data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20transition" title="phase transition">phase transition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volume%20collapse" title=" volume collapse"> volume collapse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20constants" title=" elastic constants"> elastic constants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three%20body%20interaction" title=" three body interaction"> three body interaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30520/pressure-induced-phase-transition-and-elastic-properties-of-cerium-mononitride" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30520.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">480</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4426</span> A Low Insertion Loss Variation 10-35 GHz Phase Shifter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soroush%20Rasti%20Boroujeni">Soroush Rasti Boroujeni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Hassan%20Mousavi"> S. Hassan Mousavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javad%20Ebrahimizadeh"> Javad Ebrahimizadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ardeshir%20Palizban"> Ardeshir Palizban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad-Reza%20Nezhad-Ahmadi"> Mohammad-Reza Nezhad-Ahmadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Safieddin%20Safavi-Naeini"> Safieddin Safavi-Naeini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a wideband True Time Delay (TTD) phase shifter with low insertion loss variation. The circuit benefits from a controllable resistive load shunt with transmission line segments to optimize return loss variations, addressing the unbalanced capacitive nature of the varactor. The phase shifter reduces the complexity of the calibration process because the dependency of insertion loss on voltage controls is improved up to 3 dB. The TTD phase shifter provides a continuous changing delay time of 6.4 ps with low insertion loss (IL) in the 10-35 GHz frequency range. The proposed circuit benefits from lowloss phase shifters with a small footprint. Fabricated using a 65 nm CMOC process, the TTD phase shifter occupies only 388 × 615 µm 2 of chip area, achieving a 20% improvements compared to conventional TTD phase shifters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=millimeter-wave%20phased-array" title="millimeter-wave phased-array">millimeter-wave phased-array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=true%20time%20delay%20phase%20shifter" title=" true time delay phase shifter"> true time delay phase shifter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insertion%20loss%20variation" title=" insertion loss variation"> insertion loss variation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compact%20size" title=" compact size"> compact size</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193319/a-low-insertion-loss-variation-10-35-ghz-phase-shifter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193319.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">7</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4425</span> Study of Cahn-Hilliard Equation to Simulate Phase Separation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nara%20Guimar%C3%A3es">Nara Guimarães</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcelo%20Aquino%20Martorano"> Marcelo Aquino Martorano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Douglas%20Gouv%C3%AAa"> Douglas Gouvêa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An investigation into Cahn-Hilliard equation was carried out through numerical simulation to identify a possible phase separation for one and two dimensional domains. It was observed that this equation can reproduce important mass fluxes necessary for phase separation within the miscibility gap and for coalescence of particles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cahn-Hilliard%20equation" title="Cahn-Hilliard equation">Cahn-Hilliard equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=miscibility%20gap" title=" miscibility gap"> miscibility gap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20separation" title=" phase separation"> phase separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dimensional%20domains" title=" dimensional domains"> dimensional domains</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17579/study-of-cahn-hilliard-equation-to-simulate-phase-separation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17579.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">517</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4424</span> Five-Phase Induction Motor Drive System Driven by Five-Phase Packed U Cell Inverter: Its Modeling and Performance Evaluation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Tariq">Mohd Tariq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The three phase system drives produce the problem of more torque pulsations and harmonics. This issue prevents the smooth operation of the drives and it also induces the amount of heat generated thus resulting in an increase in power loss. Higher phase system offers smooth operation of the machines with greater power capacity. Five phase variable-speed induction motor drives are commonly used in various industrial and commercial applications like tractions, electrical vehicles, ship propulsions and conveyor belt drive system. In this work, a comparative analysis of the different modulation schemes applied on the five-level five-phase Packed U Cell (PUC) inverter fed induction motor drives is presented. The performance of the inverter is greatly affected with the modulation schemes applied. The system is modeled, designed, and implemented in MATLAB<sup>®</sup>/Simulink environment. Experimental validation is done for the prototype of single phase, whereas five phase experimental validation is proposed in the future works. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Packed%20U-Cell%20%28PUC%29%20inverter" title="Packed U-Cell (PUC) inverter">Packed U-Cell (PUC) inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=five-phase%20system" title=" five-phase system"> five-phase system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulse%20width%20modulation%20%28PWM%29" title=" pulse width modulation (PWM)"> pulse width modulation (PWM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induction%20motor%20%28IM%29" title=" induction motor (IM)"> induction motor (IM)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97769/five-phase-induction-motor-drive-system-driven-by-five-phase-packed-u-cell-inverter-its-modeling-and-performance-evaluation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97769.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4423</span> Modelling the Growth of σ-Phase in AISI 347H FG Steel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yohanes%20Chekol%20Malede">Yohanes Chekol Malede</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> σ-phase has negative effects on the corrosion responses and the mechanical properties of steels. The growth of σ-phase in the austenite matrix of AISI 347H FG steel was simulated using DICTRA software using CALPHAD method. The simulation work included the influence of both volume diffusion and grain boundary diffusion. The simulation results showed a good agreement with the experimental findings. The simulation results revealed a Cr-depleted and a Ni-enriched σ-phase/austenite interface. Effects of temperature, grain size, and composition of alloying elements on the growth kinetics of σ-phase were assessed. The simulated results were fitted to the JMAK equation and a good correlation was obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AISI%20347H%20FG%20austenitic%20steel" title="AISI 347H FG austenitic steel">AISI 347H FG austenitic steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CALPHAD" title=" CALPHAD"> CALPHAD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sigma%20phase" title=" sigma phase"> sigma phase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure%20evolution" title=" microstructure evolution"> microstructure evolution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123442/modelling-the-growth-of-s-phase-in-aisi-347h-fg-steel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123442.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4422</span> Multi-Band Frequency Conversion Scheme with Multi-Phase Shift Based on Optical Frequency Comb</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tao%20Lin">Tao Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shanghong%20Zhao"> Shanghong Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yufu%20Yin"> Yufu Yin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zihang%20Zhu"> Zihang Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Jiang"> Wei Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xuan%20Li"> Xuan Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiurong%20Zheng"> Qiurong Zheng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A simple operated, stable and compact multi-band frequency conversion and multi-phase shift is proposed to satisfy the demands of multi-band communication and radar phase array system. The dual polarization quadrature phase shift keying (DP-QPSK) modulator is employed to support the LO sideband and the optical frequency comb simultaneously. Meanwhile, the fiber is also used to introduce different phase shifts to different sidebands. The simulation result shows that by controlling the DC bias voltages and a C band microwave signal with frequency of 4.5 GHz can be simultaneously converted into other signals that cover from C band to K band with multiple phases. It also verifies that the multi-band and multi-phase frequency conversion system can be stably performed based on current manufacturing art and can well cope with the DC drifting. It should be noted that the phase shift of the converted signal also partly depends of the length of the optical fiber. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave%20photonics" title="microwave photonics">microwave photonics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-band%20frequency%20conversion" title=" multi-band frequency conversion"> multi-band frequency conversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-phase%20shift" title=" multi-phase shift"> multi-phase shift</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conversion%20efficiency" title=" conversion efficiency"> conversion efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96199/multi-band-frequency-conversion-scheme-with-multi-phase-shift-based-on-optical-frequency-comb" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96199.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">254</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4421</span> Genesis of Entrepreneur Business Models in New Ventures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arash%20Najmaei">Arash Najmaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jo%20Rhodes"> Jo Rhodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Lok"> Peter Lok</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Sadeghinejad"> Zahra Sadeghinejad </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this article, we endeavor to explore how a new business model comes into existence in the Australian cloud-computing eco-system. Findings from multiple case study methodology reveal that to develop a business model new ventures adopt a three-phase approach. In the first phase, labelled as business model ideation (BMID) various ideas for a viable business model are generated from both internal and external networks of the entrepreneurial team and the most viable one is chosen. Strategic consensus and commitment are generated in the second phase. This phase is a business modelling strategic action phase. We labelled this phase as business model strategic commitment (BMSC) because through commitment and the subsequent actions of executives resources are pooled, coordinated and allocated to the business model. Three complementary sets of resources shape the business model: managerial (MnRs), marketing (MRs) and technological resources (TRs). The third phase is the market-test phase where the business model is reified through the delivery of the intended value to customers and conversion of revenue into profit. We labelled this phase business model actualization (BMAC). Theoretical and managerial implications of these findings will be discussed and several directions for future research will be illuminated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneur%20business%20model" title="entrepreneur business model">entrepreneur business model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-tech%20venture" title=" high-tech venture"> high-tech venture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resources" title=" resources"> resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conversion%20of%20revenue" title=" conversion of revenue"> conversion of revenue</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9680/genesis-of-entrepreneur-business-models-in-new-ventures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9680.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4420</span> A Low Phase Noise CMOS LC Oscillator with Tail Current-Shaping</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Mahdavi">Amir Mahdavi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a circuit topology of voltage-controlled oscillators (VCO) which is suitable for ultra-low-phase noise operations is introduced. To do so, a new low phase noise cross-coupled oscillator by using the general topology of cross-coupled oscillator and adding a differential stage for tail current shaping is designed. In addition, a tail current shaping technique to improve phase noise in differential LC VCOs is presented. The tail current becomes large when the oscillator output voltage arrives at the maximum or minimum value and when the sensitivity of the output phase to the noise is the smallest. Also, the tail current becomes small when the phase noise sensitivity is large. The proposed circuit does not use extra power and extra noisy active devices. Furthermore, this topology occupies small area. Simulation results show the improvement in phase noise by 2.5dB under the same conditions and at the carrier frequency of 1 GHz for GSM applications. The power consumption of the proposed circuit is 2.44 mW and the figure of merit (FOM) with -192.2 dBc/Hz is achieved for the new oscillator. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LC%20oscillator" title="LC oscillator">LC oscillator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20phase%20noise" title=" low phase noise"> low phase noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20shaping" title=" current shaping"> current shaping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diff%20mode" title=" diff mode"> diff mode</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75354/a-low-phase-noise-cmos-lc-oscillator-with-tail-current-shaping" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75354.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">600</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4419</span> Bubble Growth in a Two Phase Upward Flow in a Miniature Tube</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20S.%20Hassani">R. S. Hassani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Chikh"> S. Chikh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Tadrist"> L. Tadrist</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Radev"> S. Radev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A bubbly flow in a vertical miniature tube is analyzed theoretically. The liquid and gas phase are co-current flowing upward. The gas phase is injected via a nozzle whose inner diameter is 0.11mm and it is placed on the axis of the tube. A force balance is applied on the bubble at its detachment. The set of governing equations are solved by use of Mathematica software. The bubble diameter and the bubble generation frequency are determined for various inlet phase velocities represented by the inlet mass quality. The results show different behavior of bubble growth and detachment depending on the tube size. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two%20phase%20flow" title="two phase flow">two phase flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bubble%20growth" title=" bubble growth"> bubble growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mini-channel" title=" mini-channel"> mini-channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generation%20frequency" title=" generation frequency"> generation frequency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7322/bubble-growth-in-a-two-phase-upward-flow-in-a-miniature-tube" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7322.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">432</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4418</span> Mathematical Model for Progressive Phase Distribution of Ku-band Reflectarray Antennas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Y.%20Ismail">M. Y. Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Inam"> M. Inam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20F.%20M.%20Zain"> A. F. M. Zain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Misran"> N. Misran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Progressive phase distribution is an important consideration in reflect array antenna design which is required to form a planar wave in front of the reflect array aperture. This paper presents a detailed mathematical model in order to determine the required reflection phase values from individual element of a reflect array designed in Ku-band frequency range. The proposed technique of obtaining reflection phase can be applied for any geometrical design of elements and is independent of number of array elements. Moreover the model also deals with the solution of reflect array antenna design with both centre and off-set feed configurations. The theoretical modeling has also been implemented for reflect arrays constructed on 0.508 mm thickness of different dielectric substrates. The results show an increase in the slope of the phase curve from 4.61°/mm to 22.35°/mm by varying the material properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20modeling" title="mathematical modeling">mathematical modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=progressive%20phase%20distribution" title=" progressive phase distribution"> progressive phase distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reflect%20array%20antenna" title=" reflect array antenna"> reflect array antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reflection%20phase" title=" reflection phase"> reflection phase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1426/mathematical-model-for-progressive-phase-distribution-of-ku-band-reflectarray-antennas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1426.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4417</span> Influence of Annealing on the Mechanical αc-Relaxation of Isotactic-Polypropylene: A Study from the Intermediate Phase Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baobao%20Chang">Baobao Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Konrad%20Schneider"> Konrad Schneider</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vogel%20Roland"> Vogel Roland</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gert%20Heinrich"> Gert Heinrich</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, the influence of annealing on the mechanical αc-relaxation behavior of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) was investigated. The results suggest that the mechanical αc-relaxation behavior depends strongly on the confinement force on the polymer chains in the intermediate phase and the thickness of the intermediate phase. After quenching at 10°C, abundant crystallites with a wide size distribution are formed. The polymer chains in the intermediate phase are constrained by the crystallites, giving rise to one broad αc-relaxation peak. With an annealing temperature between 60°C~105°C, imperfect lamellae melting releases part of the constraint force, which reduces the conformational ordering of the polymer chains neighboring the amorphous phase. Consequently, two separate αc-relaxation peaks could be observed which are labeled as αc1-relaxation and αc2-relaxation. αc1-relaxation and αc2-relaxation describe the relaxation behavior of polymer chains in the region close to the amorphous phase and the crystalline phase, respectively. Both relaxation peaks shift to a higher temperature as annealing temperature increases. With an annealing temperature higher than 105°C, the new crystalline phase is formed in the intermediate phase, which enhances the constraint force on the polymer chains. αc1-relaxation peak is broadened obviously and its position shifts to a higher temperature as annealing temperature increases. Moreover, αc2-relaxation is undetectable because that the polymer chains in the region between the initial crystalline phase and the newly formed crystalline phase are strongly confined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=annealing" title="annealing">annealing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B1c-relaxation" title=" αc-relaxation"> αc-relaxation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isotactic-polypropylene" title=" isotactic-polypropylene"> isotactic-polypropylene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermediate%20phase" title=" intermediate phase"> intermediate phase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67006/influence-of-annealing-on-the-mechanical-ac-relaxation-of-isotactic-polypropylene-a-study-from-the-intermediate-phase-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67006.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4416</span> Methods of Variance Estimation in Two-Phase Sampling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raghunath%20Arnab">Raghunath Arnab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The two-phase sampling which is also known as double sampling was introduced in 1938. In two-phase sampling, samples are selected in phases. In the first phase, a relatively large sample of size is selected by some suitable sampling design and only information on the auxiliary variable is collected. During the second phase, a sample of size is selected either from, the sample selected in the first phase or from the entire population by using a suitable sampling design and information regarding the study and auxiliary variable is collected. Evidently, two phase sampling is useful if the auxiliary information is relatively easy and cheaper to collect than the study variable as well as if the strength of the relationship between the variables and is high. If the sample is selected in more than two phases, the resulting sampling design is called a multi-phase sampling. In this article we will consider how one can use data collected at the first phase sampling at the stages of estimation of the parameter, stratification, selection of sample and their combinations in the second phase in a unified setup applicable to any sampling design and wider classes of estimators. The problem of the estimation of variance will also be considered. The variance of estimator is essential for estimating precision of the survey estimates, calculation of confidence intervals, determination of the optimal sample sizes and for testing of hypotheses amongst others. Although, the variance is a non-negative quantity but its estimators may not be non-negative. If the estimator of variance is negative, then it cannot be used for estimation of confidence intervals, testing of hypothesis or measure of sampling error. The non-negativity properties of the variance estimators will also be studied in details. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auxiliary%20information" title="auxiliary information">auxiliary information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-phase%20sampling" title=" two-phase sampling"> two-phase sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=varying%20probability%20sampling" title=" varying probability sampling"> varying probability sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unbiased%20estimators" title=" unbiased estimators"> unbiased estimators</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36087/methods-of-variance-estimation-in-two-phase-sampling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36087.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">588</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4415</span> Analysis of Injection-Lock in Oscillators versus Phase Variation of Injected Signal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Yousefi">M. Yousefi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Nasirzadeh"> N. Nasirzadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, behavior of an oscillator under injection of another signal has been investigated. Also, variation of output signal amplitude versus injected signal phase variation, the effect of varying the amplitude of injected signal and quality factor of the oscillator has been investigated. The results show that the locking time depends on phase and the best locking time happens at 180-degrees phase. Also, the effect of injected lock has been discussed. Simulations show that the locking time decreases with signal injection to bulk. Locking time has been investigated versus various phase differences. The effect of phase and amplitude changes on locking time of a typical LC oscillator in 180 nm technology has been investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analysis" title="analysis">analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oscillator" title=" oscillator"> oscillator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injection-lock%20oscillator" title=" injection-lock oscillator"> injection-lock oscillator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20modulation" title=" phase modulation"> phase modulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53354/analysis-of-injection-lock-in-oscillators-versus-phase-variation-of-injected-signal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53354.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">348</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4414</span> Effect of Composition and Cooling Rate on the Solidification Structure of Al-Er Alloy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jing%20Ning">Jing Ning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kunyuan%20Gao"> Kunyuan Gao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The microstructure and phase structure of Al-Er alloys with Er content of 10, 20, 30wt% at cooling rate of 60, 40 and 5℃/h were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Experimental results showed that for solidification of the hypereutectic Al-Er alloys at different conditions, a halo of α-Al appeared around the primary Al₃Er phase. Analysis of the solidification process indicated that after the primary Al₃Er phase formed, the composition of supercooled liquid phase located outside the coupled zone of eutectic growth below the eutectic line, which leaded to the formation of Al halo. With the increase of Er content, the blocky primary Al₃Er phase expanded from 200μm to 1mm in size. With the decrease of cooling rate, the morphology and phase structure of alloy were different. At the cooling rate of 60℃/h, it was obtained the primary Al3Er phase with L1₂ structure, whose profile was straight. Meanwhile, the eutectic structure was flocculent. At the quite slow cooling rate of 5℃/h, it was obtained the primary Al₃Er phase with hR20 structure with irregular jagged profile, and the eutectic structure was approximately strip-shaped. These characteristics were closely related to the cooling rate of solidification. The XRD analysis showed that for Al₃Er phase, the lattice constant a of L1₂ structure was 4.2158Å, and a, c of hR20 structure were 6.0321Å and 35.6290Å, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al-Er%20alloy" title="Al-Er alloy">Al-Er alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composition" title=" composition"> composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooling%20rate" title=" cooling rate"> cooling rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165095/effect-of-composition-and-cooling-rate-on-the-solidification-structure-of-al-er-alloy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165095.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4413</span> Realization of Soliton Phase Characteristics in 10 Gbps, Single Channel, Uncompensated Telecommunication System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Jawahar">A. Jawahar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the dependence of soliton pulses with respect to phase in a 10 Gbps, single channel, dispersion uncompensated telecommunication system was studied. The characteristic feature of periodic soliton interaction was noted at the Interaction point (I=6202.5Km) in one collision length of L=12405.1 Km. The interaction point is located for 10Gbps system with an initial relative spacing (qo) of soliton as 5.28 using Perturbation theory. It is shown that, when two in-phase solitons are launched, they interact at the point I=6202.5 Km, but the interaction could be restricted with introduction of different phase initially. When the phase of the input solitons increases, the deviation of soliton pulses at the I also increases. We have successfully demonstrated this effect in a telecommunication set-up in terms of Quality factor (Q), where the Q=0 for in-phase soliton. The Q was noted to be 125.9, 38.63, 47.53, 59.60, 161.37, and 78.04 for different phases such as 10o, 20o, 30o, 45o, 60o and 90o degrees respectively at Interaction point I. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soliton%20interaction" title="Soliton interaction">Soliton interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Initial%20relative%20spacing" title=" Initial relative spacing"> Initial relative spacing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase" title=" phase"> phase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Perturbation%20theory%20and%20telecommunication%20system" title=" Perturbation theory and telecommunication system"> Perturbation theory and telecommunication system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30037/realization-of-soliton-phase-characteristics-in-10-gbps-single-channel-uncompensated-telecommunication-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30037.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">472</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4412</span> Analysis of Different Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation Techniques for a Five-Phase Inverter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20A.%20Chinmaya">K. A. Chinmaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Udaya%20Bhaskar"> M. Udaya Bhaskar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Multiphase motor drives are now a day considered for numerous applications due to the advantages that they offer when compared to their three-phase counterparts. Proper modeling of inverters and motors are important in devising an appropriate control algorithm. This paper develops a complete modeling of a five-phase inverter and five-phase space vector modulation schemes which can be used for five-phase motor drives. A novel modified algorithm is introduced which enables the sinusoidal output voltages up to certain voltage value. The waveforms of phase to neutral voltage are compared with the different modulation techniques and also different modulation indexes in terms of Low-order Harmonic (LH) voltage of 3rd and 7th present. A detailed performance evolution of existing and newly modified schemes is done in terms of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-phase%20drives" title="multi-phase drives">multi-phase drives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20vector%20modulation" title=" space vector modulation"> space vector modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage%20source%20inverter" title=" voltage source inverter"> voltage source inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20order%20harmonic%20voltages" title=" low order harmonic voltages"> low order harmonic voltages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20harmonic%20distortion" title=" total harmonic distortion"> total harmonic distortion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8307/analysis-of-different-space-vector-pulse-width-modulation-techniques-for-a-five-phase-inverter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8307.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4411</span> A Grid Synchronization Phase Locked Loop Method for Grid-Connected Inverters Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naima%20Ikken">Naima Ikken</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelhadi%20Bouknadel"> Abdelhadi Bouknadel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nour-eddine%20Tariba%20Ahmed%20Haddou"> Nour-eddine Tariba Ahmed Haddou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafsa%20El%20Omari"> Hafsa El Omari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The operation of grid-connected inverters necessity a single-phase phase locked loop (PLL) is proposed in this article to accurately and quickly estimate and detect the grid phase angle. This article presents the improvement of a method of phase-locked loop. The novelty is to generate a method (PLL) of synchronizing the grid with a Notch filter based on adaptive fuzzy logic for inverter systems connected to the grid. The performance of the proposed method was tested under normal and abnormal operating conditions (amplitude, frequency and phase shift variations). In addition, simulation results with ISPM software are developed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method strategy. Finally, the experimental test will be used to extract the result and discuss the validity of the proposed algorithm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20locked%20loop" title="phase locked loop">phase locked loop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PLL" title=" PLL"> PLL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=notch%20filter" title=" notch filter"> notch filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20logic%20control" title=" fuzzy logic control"> fuzzy logic control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grid%20connected%20inverters" title=" grid connected inverters"> grid connected inverters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127186/a-grid-synchronization-phase-locked-loop-method-for-grid-connected-inverters-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127186.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4410</span> InSAR Times-Series Phase Unwrapping for Urban Areas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hui%20Luo">Hui Luo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhenhong%20Li"> Zhenhong Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhen%20Dong"> Zhen Dong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The analysis of multi-temporal InSAR (MTInSAR) such as persistent scatterer (PS) and small baseline subset (SBAS) techniques usually relies on temporal/spatial phase unwrapping (PU). Unfortunately, it always fails to unwrap the phase for two reasons: 1) spatial phase jump between adjacent pixels larger than π, such as layover and high discontinuous terrain; 2) temporal phase discontinuities such as time varied atmospheric delay. To overcome these limitations, a least-square based PU method is introduced in this paper, which incorporates baseline-combination interferograms and adjacent phase gradient network. Firstly, permanent scatterers (PS) are selected for study. Starting with the linear baseline-combination method, we obtain equivalent 'small baseline inteferograms' to limit the spatial phase difference. Then, phase different has been conducted between connected PSs (connected by a specific networking rule) to suppress the spatial correlated phase errors such as atmospheric artifact. After that, interval phase difference along arcs can be computed by least square method and followed by an outlier detector to remove the arcs with phase ambiguities. Then, the unwrapped phase can be obtained by spatial integration. The proposed method is tested on real data of TerraSAR-X, and the results are also compared with the ones obtained by StaMPS(a software package with 3D PU capabilities). By comparison, it shows that the proposed method can successfully unwrap the interferograms in urban areas even when high discontinuities exist, while StaMPS fails. At last, precise DEM errors can be got according to the unwrapped interferograms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20unwrapping" title="phase unwrapping">phase unwrapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20series" title=" time series"> time series</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=InSAR" title=" InSAR"> InSAR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20areas" title=" urban areas"> urban areas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97800/insar-times-series-phase-unwrapping-for-urban-areas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97800.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul 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