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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Richard K. Sutherland</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Richard Sutherland" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Richard_Sutherland_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Richard Sutherland (disambiguation)">Richard Sutherland (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div style="display:inline-block" class="fn">Richard K. Sutherland</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;; line-height: 1.5em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_K._Sutherland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Richard_K._Sutherland.jpg/220px-Richard_K._Sutherland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Richard_K._Sutherland.jpg/330px-Richard_K._Sutherland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Richard_K._Sutherland.jpg/440px-Richard_K._Sutherland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="575" data-file-height="864" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Birth name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Richard Kerens Sutherland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1893-11-27</span>)</span>27 November 1893<br /><a href="/wiki/Hancock,_Maryland" title="Hancock, Maryland">Hancock, Maryland</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">25 June 1966<span style="display:none">(1966-06-25)</span> (aged 72)<br /><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Buried</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington County, Virginia</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States of America</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_War.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_War.png/25px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_War.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_War.png/38px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_War.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_War.png/50px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_War.png 2x" data-file-width="2383" data-file-height="2358" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1916–1946</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O9_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/US-O9_insignia.svg/25px-US-O9_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/US-O9_insignia.svg/38px-US-O9_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/US-O9_insignia.svg/50px-US-O9_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1883" data-file-height="583" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant general (United States)">Lieutenant general</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em"><a href="/wiki/Service_number" title="Service number">Service number</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0-4623)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Field_Artillery_Branch_(United_States)" title="Field Artillery Branch (United States)">Field Artillery Branch</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Infantry_Branch_(United_States)" title="Infantry Branch (United States)">Infantry Branch</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pancho_Villa_Expedition" title="Pancho Villa Expedition">Pancho Villa Expedition</a><br /><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a><br /><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Cross_(United_States)" title="Distinguished Service Cross (United States)">Distinguished Service Cross</a> (2)<br /><a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Medal_(U.S._Army)" title="Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)">Army Distinguished Service Medal</a> (2)<br /><a href="/wiki/Silver_Star" title="Silver Star">Silver Star</a> (2)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Relations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Howard_Sutherland" title="Howard Sutherland">Howard Sutherland</a> (father)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant general (United States)">Lieutenant General</a> <b>Richard Kerens Sutherland</b> (27 November 1893 – 25 June 1966) was a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> officer during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. He served as <a href="/wiki/General_of_the_Army_(United_States)" title="General of the Army (United States)">General of the Army</a> <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_staff#military" title="Chief of staff">Chief of Staff</a> in the <a href="/wiki/South_West_Pacific_Area" title="South West Pacific Area">South West Pacific Area</a> during the war. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_K._Sutherland&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sutherland was born in <a href="/wiki/Hancock,_Maryland" title="Hancock, Maryland">Hancock, Maryland</a>, on 27 November 1893, the only son among the six children of <a href="/wiki/Howard_Sutherland" title="Howard Sutherland">Howard Sutherland</a>, who later became a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">US Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a>, and Effie Harris Sutherland. Sutherland was raised and spent his adolescence and early adulthood in <a href="/wiki/Elkins,_West_Virginia" title="Elkins, West Virginia">Elkins, West Virginia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Charleston_Gazette_1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charleston_Gazette_1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sutherland was educated at <a href="/wiki/Davis_and_Elkins_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Davis and Elkins College">Davis and Elkins College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phillips_Academy" title="Phillips Academy">Phillips Academy</a>, from which he graduated in 1911, and <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>, graduating with a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">Bachelor of Arts</a> in 1916.<sup id="cite_ref-good_years_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-good_years-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While at Yale, Sutherland joined <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Officer_Training_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Reserve Officer Training Corps">ROTC</a>. In July 1916, he enlisted as a private in the <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Connecticut National Guard">Connecticut National Guard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-good_years_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-good_years-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_K._Sutherland&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_World_War">First World War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_K._Sutherland&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First World War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Later that year, the National Guard was federalized and Sutherland served on the Mexican border during the <a href="/wiki/Pancho_Villa_Expedition" title="Pancho Villa Expedition">Pancho Villa Expedition</a>. The future general soon accepted a National Guard commission as a <a href="/wiki/Second_lieutenant#United_States" title="Second lieutenant">second lieutenant</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Field_artillery" title="Field artillery">field artillery</a> in August 1916. In December 1916, he transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Regular_Army_(United_States)" title="Regular Army (United States)">Regular Army</a> with a commission as a <a href="/wiki/First_lieutenant" title="First lieutenant">first lieutenant</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">Infantry</a> branch. Sutherland was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Captain_(U.S._Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain (U.S. Army)">captain</a> in 1917.<sup id="cite_ref-good_years_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-good_years-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He served with the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="2nd Infantry Division (United States)">2nd Division</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. Sutherland was a student at a tank school in England.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Between_the_wars">Between the wars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_K._Sutherland&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Between the wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CampMurphy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/CampMurphy.jpg/300px-CampMurphy.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/CampMurphy.jpg/450px-CampMurphy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/CampMurphy.jpg/600px-CampMurphy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="472" /></a><figcaption>Ceremony at Camp Murphy, Rizal, 15 August 1941, marking the induction of the Philippine Army Air Corps. Lieutenant Colonel Richard K. Sutherland is on the left, behind Lieutenant General Douglas MacArthur</figcaption></figure> <p>Returning to the United States, Sutherland married Josephine Whiteside in 1920. They had one child, a daughter named Natalie.<sup id="cite_ref-good_years_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-good_years-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sutherland was an instructor at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Infantry_School" title="United States Army Infantry School">United States Army Infantry School</a> from 1920 to 1923 and professor of military science and tactics at the <a href="/wiki/Shattuck-Saint_Mary%27s" title="Shattuck-Saint Mary's">Shattuck School</a> from 1923 to 1928. He graduated from the <a href="/wiki/Command_and_General_Staff_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Command and General Staff College">Command and General Staff College</a> in 1928. Fluent in French, Sutherland attended the <i>École supérieure de guerre</i> in 1930. During 1932 and 1933, he attended the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_War_College" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army War College">U.S. Army War College</a>. He then served with the Operations and Training Division of the War Department General Staff.<sup id="cite_ref-dictionary_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dictionary-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1937, Sutherland went to <a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tientsin, China</a>, in command of a <a href="/wiki/Battalion" title="Battalion">battalion</a> of the <a href="/wiki/15th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="15th Infantry Regiment (United States)">15th Infantry</a>; however, he was not promoted to <a href="/wiki/Major_(United_States)" title="Major (United States)">major</a> until March 1938, when he was assigned to the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Military_Advisor_to_the_Commonwealth_Government_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the Military Advisor to the Commonwealth Government (Philippines)">Office of the Military Advisor</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_the_Philippines" title="Commonwealth of the Philippines">Commonwealth Government (Philippines)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, under <a href="/wiki/General_officer" title="General officer">General</a> <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a> with the "local rank" of <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United States)">lieutenant colonel</a>. Sutherland was promoted to the rank in July of that year. Sutherland soon eased his superior, <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United States)">Lieutenant Colonel</a> <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> out of his position and became MacArthur's chief of staff.<sup id="cite_ref-good_years_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-good_years-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_K._Sutherland&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MacArthur,_Kenney_and_Sutherland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/MacArthur%2C_Kenney_and_Sutherland.jpg/300px-MacArthur%2C_Kenney_and_Sutherland.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/MacArthur%2C_Kenney_and_Sutherland.jpg/450px-MacArthur%2C_Kenney_and_Sutherland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/MacArthur%2C_Kenney_and_Sutherland.jpg/600px-MacArthur%2C_Kenney_and_Sutherland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="580" /></a><figcaption>Left to right: Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/George_Kenney" title="George Kenney">George Kenney</a>, Lieutenant General Richard K. Sutherland, President <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Osme%C3%B1a" title="Sergio Osmeña">Sergio Osmeña</a>, General <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a>, pictured here off Leyte, October 1944.</figcaption></figure> <p>As tensions with <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japan</a> rose, Sutherland rose rapidly in rank, receiving a promotion to full <a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">colonel</a>, then to <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">brigadier general</a> in July 1941 and to <a href="/wiki/Major_general_(United_States)" title="Major general (United States)">major general</a>, just a few months later, in December 1941, the same month of America's entry into World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-dictionary_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dictionary-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the fall of Manila, MacArthur's headquarters moved to the island fortress of <a href="/wiki/Corregidor" title="Corregidor">Corregidor</a>, where it was the target of numerous Japanese air raids, forcing the headquarters to move into the <a href="/wiki/Malinta_Tunnel" title="Malinta Tunnel">Malinta Tunnel</a>. Sutherland was a frequent visitor to the front on <a href="/wiki/Bataan" title="Bataan">Bataan</a>. He was given a cash payment of $75,000 by <a href="/wiki/Manuel_L._Quezon" title="Manuel L. Quezon">President Quezon</a>. In March 1942, MacArthur was ordered by President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> to relocate to <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>. Sutherland selected the group of advisers and subordinate military commanders that would accompany MacArthur and <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur%27s_escape_from_the_Philippines" title="Douglas MacArthur's escape from the Philippines">escape from the Philippines</a> in four PT boats. Sutherland would remain MacArthur's chief of staff for the entire war.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sutherland attracted antagonism from subordinate American and <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australian</a> officers because of perceptions that he was high-handed and overprotective of MacArthur. Sutherland was often given the role of "hatchet man". Bad news invariably came through Sutherland rather than from MacArthur himself. </p><p>According to some sources he contributed to a rift between MacArthur and the first SWPA air forces commander, <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant general (United States)">Lieutenant General</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Brett_(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Brett (military)">George Brett</a>. <a href="/wiki/Major_general_(United_States)" title="Major general (United States)">Major General</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Kenney" title="George Kenney">George Kenney</a>, Brett's successor, became so frustrated with Sutherland in one meeting, that Kenney drew a dot on a plain page of paper and said: "the dot represents what you know about air operations, the entire rest of the paper what I know."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sutherland had been taught to fly in 1940 by <a href="/wiki/US_Army_Air_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="US Army Air Corps">US Army Air Corps</a> instructors at the Philippine Army Training Center and had been awarded a civil pilot's license by the Civil Aeronautics Association. Flying then became one of his favourite recreational activities. Throughout the war, he flew often as a co-pilot with General MacArthur's personal pilot, Weldon "Dusty" Rhoades. In March 1943 he asked to be formally recognised as a "service pilot", a form of pilot restricted to non-combat duties. His request was turned down by the Commanding General of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Air_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army Air Forces">U.S. Army Air Forces</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_officer" title="General officer">General</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_H._Arnold" title="Henry H. Arnold">Henry H. Arnold</a> on the grounds that he was over the age limit and not performing flying duties. However, Sutherland secured an official pilot's rating under Philippine Army regulations in 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1943 Sutherland and Kenney took part in an effort to promote General MacArthur's candidacy for the Presidency, working with Senator <a href="/wiki/Arthur_H._Vandenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur H. Vandenberg">Arthur H. Vandenberg</a> of <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a> to get the War Department to rescind the order that prevented MacArthur from seeking or accepting political office. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MacArthur_and_Sutherland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/MacArthur_and_Sutherland.jpg/220px-MacArthur_and_Sutherland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/MacArthur_and_Sutherland.jpg/330px-MacArthur_and_Sutherland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/MacArthur_and_Sutherland.jpg/440px-MacArthur_and_Sutherland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption>Japan, 30 August 1945 Among those present are: Major General <a href="/wiki/Joseph_M._Swing" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph M. Swing">Joseph M. Swing</a>, Commanding General, 11th Airborne Division, (left); Lieutenant General Richard K. Sutherland (3rd from right); Douglas MacArthur (2nd From right); General <a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Eichelberger" title="Robert L. Eichelberger">Robert L. Eichelberger</a> (right). Aircraft in the background is a Douglas C-54.</figcaption></figure> <p>It was Sutherland who represented MacArthur before the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Joint Chiefs of Staff">Joint Chiefs of Staff</a> on this and other occasions. Sutherland opened, read, and frequently answered all communications with MacArthur, including those addressed to him personally or "eyes only". Some decisions often attributed to MacArthur were actually taken by Sutherland. For example, the decision to bypass Mindanao and move on directly to Leyte was taken by Sutherland on MacArthur's behalf, while MacArthur was traveling under radio silence.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Sutherland's conduct in Washington enraged <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Army Chief of Staff</a> <a href="/wiki/General" class="mw-redirect" title="General">General</a> <a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">Marshall</a>. He prepared a letter that he never sent to MacArthur saying Sutherland was <i>"totally lacking in the facility of dealing with others.... He antagonized almost every official in the War Department with whom he came in contact and made our dealings with the Navy exceptionally difficult. Unfortunately he appears utterly unaware of the effects of his methods, but to put it bluntly, his attitude in almost every case seems to have been that he knew it all and nobody else knew much of anything."</i><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When MacArthur discovered that Eisenhower had promoted his chief of staff, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Bedell_Smith" title="Walter Bedell Smith">Walter Bedell Smith</a>, to the rank of <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant general (United States)">lieutenant general</a> in January 1944, he immediately arranged for Sutherland to be promoted to the same rank. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Affair_with_Elaine_Clark">Affair with Elaine Clark</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_K._Sutherland&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Affair with Elaine Clark"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the time while MacArthur's GHQ SWPA was located in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, Sutherland met Elaine Bessemer Clark, the socialite daughter of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Normsan_Brooks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Normsan Brooks (page does not exist)">Norman Brookes.</a> Her husband, a <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> officer, was serving overseas. When GHQ moved to <a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a> in July 1942, Clark moved with it, as did two other civilian women, Beryl Stevenson and Louise Mowat, who worked as secretaries for Generals Kenney and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Marshall_(American_general)" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Marshall (American general)">Richard Marshall</a> respectively. Sutherland installed Clark as the receptionist at the AMP Building, where MacArthur had his headquarters.<sup id="cite_ref-bitter_years_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bitter_years-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When GHQ began planning to move forward to New Guinea, Sutherland requested personnel from the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Army_Corps" title="Women's Army Corps">Women's Army Corps</a> to replace civilian employees of GHQ who, by agreement between MacArthur and the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime Minister of Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Curtin" title="John Curtin">John Curtin</a>, could not be sent outside Australia. Sutherland further asked for direct commissions for Clark, Mowat and Stevenson. This exploited a loophole whereby enlistments in the Women's Army Corps were restricted to American citizens, but officer commissions were not. Major General Miller G. White, the U. S. Army Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel, and Colonel <a href="/wiki/Oveta_Culp_Hobby" title="Oveta Culp Hobby">Oveta Culp Hobby</a>, the commanding officer of the Women's Army Corps, were strongly opposed; but they were overruled by Deputy Chief of Staff <a href="/wiki/Joseph_T._McNarney" title="Joseph T. McNarney">Joseph T. McNarney</a>, on his being informed that the commissions were personally desired by MacArthur as essential to the operation of his headquarters and the prosecution of the war. Clark was commissioned as a captain, while the other two women, as well as General Eisenhower's driver, <a href="/wiki/Kay_Summersby" title="Kay Summersby">Kay Summersby</a>, were commissioned as <a href="/wiki/First_lieutenant#United_States" title="First lieutenant">first lieutenants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although her rank was more a reflection of Sutherland's status rather than her own, Clark became an assistant to the headquarters commandant, with duties commensurate with her rank, and moved with Advance GHQ to <a href="/wiki/Jayapura" title="Jayapura">Hollandia</a>. However, her presence there, in contravention of MacArthur's agreement with Curtin, brought down the displeasure of MacArthur, who ordered her to be returned to Australia, first from Hollandia, and later from the Philippines. That Sutherland defied MacArthur on this matter caused a rift between the two.<sup id="cite_ref-bitter_years_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bitter_years-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japanese_surrender">Japanese surrender</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_K._Sutherland&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Japanese surrender"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mamoru_Shigemitsu_signs_the_Instrument_of_Surrender,_officially_ending_the_Second_World_War.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Mamoru_Shigemitsu_signs_the_Instrument_of_Surrender%2C_officially_ending_the_Second_World_War.jpg/300px-Mamoru_Shigemitsu_signs_the_Instrument_of_Surrender%2C_officially_ending_the_Second_World_War.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Mamoru_Shigemitsu_signs_the_Instrument_of_Surrender%2C_officially_ending_the_Second_World_War.jpg/450px-Mamoru_Shigemitsu_signs_the_Instrument_of_Surrender%2C_officially_ending_the_Second_World_War.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Mamoru_Shigemitsu_signs_the_Instrument_of_Surrender%2C_officially_ending_the_Second_World_War.jpg/600px-Mamoru_Shigemitsu_signs_the_Instrument_of_Surrender%2C_officially_ending_the_Second_World_War.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5738" data-file-height="4594" /></a><figcaption>Richard K. Sutherland watches as <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japanese</a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Minister">Foreign Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Mamoru_Shigemitsu" title="Mamoru Shigemitsu">Mamoru Shigemitsu</a> signs the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="Japanese Instrument of Surrender">Japanese Instrument of Surrender</a> on behalf of the Japanese Government, on board <a href="/wiki/USS_Missouri_(BB-63)" title="USS Missouri (BB-63)">USS <i>Missouri</i> (BB-63)</a>, 2 September 1945 </figcaption></figure> <p>At the Japanese surrender in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Bay" title="Tokyo Bay">Tokyo Bay</a> on 2 September 1945, the <a href="/wiki/Canadians" title="Canadians">Canadian</a> representative, Colonel <a href="/wiki/L._Moore_Cosgrave" class="mw-redirect" title="L. Moore Cosgrave">L. Moore Cosgrave</a>, signed the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="Japanese Instrument of Surrender">Japanese Instrument of Surrender</a> underneath, instead of on, the line for Canada. The Japanese drew attention to the error. Sutherland ran two strokes of his pen through the names of the four countries above the misplaced signatures and wrote them in where they belonged. The Japanese then accepted the corrected document.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life_and_death">Later life and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_K._Sutherland&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Later life and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sutherland retired from the U.S. Army shortly after the Japanese surrender. </p><p>Returning home, he confessed his affair to Josephine and was ultimately reconciled with her. Letters from Clark were intercepted and destroyed by Natalie.<sup id="cite_ref-bitter_years_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bitter_years-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the death of Josephine on 30 December 1957, he married Virginia Shaw Root in 1962. </p><p>Sutherland died at <a href="/wiki/Walter_Reed_Army_Medical_Center" title="Walter Reed Army Medical Center">Walter Reed Army Medical Center</a> on 25 June 1966. His funeral was held at the <a href="/wiki/Fort_Myer" title="Fort Myer">Fort Myer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> chapel on 29 June 1966 and he is buried at <a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a> along with other family members.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decorations_and_medals">Decorations and medals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_K._Sutherland&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Decorations and medals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:60px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 24px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze oak leaf cluster"><img alt="Bronze oak leaf cluster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/13px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/20px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/26px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="252" /></a></span></div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-DSC-RIBBON.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/US-DSC-RIBBON.png/60px-US-DSC-RIBBON.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/US-DSC-RIBBON.png/90px-US-DSC-RIBBON.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/US-DSC-RIBBON.png/120px-US-DSC-RIBBON.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Cross_(United_States)" title="Distinguished Service Cross (United States)">Distinguished Service Cross</a> with <a href="/wiki/Oak_leaf_cluster" title="Oak leaf cluster">oak leaf cluster</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:60px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 24px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze oak leaf cluster"><img alt="Bronze oak leaf cluster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/13px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/20px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/26px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="252" /></a></span></div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/60px-U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/90px-U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/120px-U.S._Army_Distinguished_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Medal_(U.S._Army)" title="Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)">Army Distinguished Service Medal</a> with oak leaf cluster </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:60px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 24px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze oak leaf cluster"><img alt="Bronze oak leaf cluster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/13px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/20px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/26px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="252" /></a></span></div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Silver_Star_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Silver_Star_Medal_ribbon.svg/60px-Silver_Star_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Silver_Star_Medal_ribbon.svg/90px-Silver_Star_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Silver_Star_Medal_ribbon.svg/120px-Silver_Star_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a></span></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Silver_Star" title="Silver Star">Silver Star</a> with oak leaf cluster </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mexican_Border_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Mexican_Border_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/60px-Mexican_Border_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Mexican_Border_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/90px-Mexican_Border_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Mexican_Border_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/120px-Mexican_Border_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="132" data-file-height="36" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Border_Service_Medal" title="Mexican Border Service Medal">Mexican Border Service Medal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:60px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 13px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/11px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/17px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/22px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 36px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/11px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/17px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/22px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:World_War_I_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/World_War_I_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg/60px-World_War_I_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/World_War_I_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg/90px-World_War_I_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/World_War_I_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg/120px-World_War_I_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a></span></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_Victory_Medal_(United_States)" title="World War I Victory Medal (United States)">World War I Victory Medal</a> with two campaign clasps </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:60px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 24px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/11px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/17px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/22px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/American_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/60px-American_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/American_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/90px-American_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/American_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg/120px-American_Defense_Service_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a></span></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_Defense_Service_Medal" title="American Defense Service Medal">American Defense Service Medal</a> with "Foreign Service" clasp </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:60px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 2px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/11px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/17px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/22px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 16px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/11px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/17px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/22px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/11px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/17px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/22px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 46px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/11px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/17px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/22px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg/60px-Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg/90px-Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg/120px-Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a></span></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal">Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal</a> with four campaign stars </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:World_War_II_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/World_War_II_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg/60px-World_War_II_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/World_War_II_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg/90px-World_War_II_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/World_War_II_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg/120px-World_War_II_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="140" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_Victory_Medal" title="World War II Victory Medal">World War II Victory Medal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Army_of_Occupation_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Army_of_Occupation_ribbon.svg/60px-Army_of_Occupation_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Army_of_Occupation_ribbon.svg/90px-Army_of_Occupation_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Army_of_Occupation_ribbon.svg/120px-Army_of_Occupation_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="30" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Occupation_Medal" title="Army of Occupation Medal">Army of Occupation Medal</a> with "Japan" clasp </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg/60px-Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg/90px-Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg/120px-Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Bath" title="Order of the Bath">Companion of the Order of the Bath</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PHL_Distinguished_Service_Star_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/PHL_Distinguished_Service_Star_BAR.svg/60px-PHL_Distinguished_Service_Star_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/PHL_Distinguished_Service_Star_BAR.svg/90px-PHL_Distinguished_Service_Star_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/PHL_Distinguished_Service_Star_BAR.svg/120px-PHL_Distinguished_Service_Star_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Star" title="Distinguished Service Star">Distinguished Service Star</a> (<a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:60px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 24px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/11px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/17px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/22px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Philippine_Defense_ribbon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Philippine_Defense_ribbon.png/60px-Philippine_Defense_ribbon.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Philippine_Defense_ribbon.png/90px-Philippine_Defense_ribbon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Philippine_Defense_ribbon.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="30" /></a></span></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Defense_Medal" title="Philippine Defense Medal">Philippine Defense Medal</a> with star </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:60px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 13px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/11px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/17px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/22px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 36px; top: 0px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbonstar-bronze.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze service star"><img alt="Bronze star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/11px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/17px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ribbonstar-bronze.svg/22px-Ribbonstar-bronze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phliber_rib.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Phliber_rib.svg/60px-Phliber_rib.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Phliber_rib.svg/90px-Phliber_rib.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Phliber_rib.svg/120px-Phliber_rib.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></div></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Liberation_Medal" title="Philippine Liberation Medal">Philippine Liberation Medal</a> with two stars </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PHL_Independence_Medal_ribbon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/PHL_Independence_Medal_ribbon.png/60px-PHL_Independence_Medal_ribbon.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/PHL_Independence_Medal_ribbon.png/90px-PHL_Independence_Medal_ribbon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/PHL_Independence_Medal_ribbon.png/120px-PHL_Independence_Medal_ribbon.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="99" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Independence_Medal" title="Philippine Independence Medal">Philippine Independence Medal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Army_Staff_Identification_Badge.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/United_States_Army_Staff_Identification_Badge.png/60px-United_States_Army_Staff_Identification_Badge.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/United_States_Army_Staff_Identification_Badge.png/90px-United_States_Army_Staff_Identification_Badge.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/United_States_Army_Staff_Identification_Badge.png/120px-United_States_Army_Staff_Identification_Badge.png 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="653" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Army_General_Staff_Identification_Badge" class="mw-redirect" title="Army General Staff Identification Badge">Army General Staff Identification Badge</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dates_of_rank">Dates of rank</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_K._Sutherland&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Dates of rank"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Insignia</th> <th>Rank</th> <th>Component</th> <th>Date </th></tr> <tr> <td>No insignia in 1916 </td> <td>Private</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Connecticut National Guard">Connecticut National Guard</a></td> <td>10 July 1916 </td></tr> <tr> <td>No pin insignia in 1916 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/US_Second_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="US Second Lieutenant">Second Lieutenant</a></td> <td>Connecticut National Guard</td> <td>30 August 1916 </td></tr> <tr> <td>No pin insignia in 1916 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/US_Second_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="US Second Lieutenant">Second Lieutenant</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Regular_Army_(United_States)" title="Regular Army (United States)">Regular Army</a></td> <td>28 November 1916 </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O2_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O2_insignia.svg/13px-US-O2_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O2_insignia.svg/20px-US-O2_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O2_insignia.svg/26px-US-O2_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/US_First_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="US First Lieutenant">First Lieutenant</a></td> <td>Regular Army</td> <td>5 December 1916 <p>(Date of rank 28 November 1916) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O3_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O3_insignia.svg/33px-US-O3_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O3_insignia.svg/50px-US-O3_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/US-O3_insignia.svg/66px-US-O3_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="534" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Captain_(U.S._Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain (U.S. Army)">Captain</a></td> <td>Regular Army</td> <td>21 July 1917 </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O4_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/US-O4_insignia.svg/40px-US-O4_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/US-O4_insignia.svg/60px-US-O4_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/US-O4_insignia.svg/80px-US-O4_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="524" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Major_(United_States)" title="Major (United States)">Major</a></td> <td>Regular Army</td> <td>24 March 1928 </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O5_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/US-O5_insignia.svg/40px-US-O5_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/US-O5_insignia.svg/60px-US-O5_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/US-O5_insignia.svg/80px-US-O5_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="524" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United States)">Lieutenant Colonel</a></td> <td>Regular Army</td> <td>1 July 1938 </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O7_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/US-O7_insignia.svg/33px-US-O7_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/US-O7_insignia.svg/50px-US-O7_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/US-O7_insignia.svg/66px-US-O7_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="622" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">Brigadier General</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_United_States" title="Army of the United States">Army of the United States</a></td> <td>19 August 1941 </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O8_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/US-O8_insignia.svg/66px-US-O8_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="66" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/US-O8_insignia.svg/99px-US-O8_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/US-O8_insignia.svg/132px-US-O8_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1252" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Major_general_(United_States)" title="Major general (United States)">Major General</a></td> <td>Army of the United States</td> <td>24 December 1941 </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O9_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/US-O9_insignia.svg/100px-US-O9_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/US-O9_insignia.svg/150px-US-O9_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/US-O9_insignia.svg/200px-US-O9_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1883" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant general (United States)">Lieutenant General</a></td> <td>Army of the United States</td> <td>20 February 1944 </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O6_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US-O6_insignia.svg/60px-US-O6_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US-O6_insignia.svg/90px-US-O6_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US-O6_insignia.svg/120px-US-O6_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="475" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">Colonel</a></td> <td>Regular Army</td> <td>1 October 1945 </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O7_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/US-O7_insignia.svg/33px-US-O7_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/US-O7_insignia.svg/50px-US-O7_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/US-O7_insignia.svg/66px-US-O7_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="622" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">Brigadier General</a></td> <td>Regular Army</td> <td>18 August 1944 <p>(Retroactive promotion in 1946.) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O9_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/US-O9_insignia.svg/100px-US-O9_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/US-O9_insignia.svg/150px-US-O9_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/US-O9_insignia.svg/200px-US-O9_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1883" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant general (United States)">Lieutenant General</a></td> <td>Regular Army, Retired</td> <td>30 November 1946 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_K._Sutherland&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newspaperarchive.com/other-articles-clipping-feb-24-1942-3008055/">"Gen. Dick Sutherland of W. Va. Wins Highest Philippine Honor"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Charleston_Gazette-Mail" title="Charleston Gazette-Mail">Charleston Gazette</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_West_Virginia" title="Charleston, West Virginia">Charleston, West Virginia</a>. 24 February 1942. p. 9<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2022</span> – via <a href="/wiki/NewspaperArchive.com" class="mw-redirect" title="NewspaperArchive.com">NewspaperArchive.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Charleston+Gazette&rft.atitle=Gen.+Dick+Sutherland+of+W.+Va.+Wins+Highest+Philippine+Honor&rft.pages=9&rft.date=1942-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewspaperarchive.com%2Fother-articles-clipping-feb-24-1942-3008055%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+K.+Sutherland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-good_years-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-good_years_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-good_years_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-good_years_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-good_years_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-good_years_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogers1990" class="citation book cs1">Rogers, Paul P. (1990). <i>MacArthur and Sutherland: The Good Years</i>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>: Praeger. pp. 36–39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-92918-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-92918-3"><bdi>0-275-92918-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=MacArthur+and+Sutherland%3A+The+Good+Years&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=36-39&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-275-92918-3&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Paul+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+K.+Sutherland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101014163546/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,774017,00.html">"Man Behind MacArthur"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. 7 December 1942. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,774017,00.html">the original</a> on 14 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Man+Behind+MacArthur&rft.date=1942-12-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C774017%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+K.+Sutherland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dictionary-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dictionary_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dictionary_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAncellMiller1996" class="citation book cs1">Ancell, R. Manning; Miller, Christine (1996). <i>The Biographical Dictionary of World War II Generals and Flag Officers: The US Armed Forces</i>. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 313. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-29546-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-29546-8"><bdi>0-313-29546-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Biographical+Dictionary+of+World+War+II+Generals+and+Flag+Officers%3A+The+US+Armed+Forces&rft.place=Westport%2C+Connecticut&rft.pages=313&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-313-29546-8&rft.aulast=Ancell&rft.aufirst=R.+Manning&rft.au=Miller%2C+Christine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+K.+Sutherland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rogers, <i>The Good Years</i>, pp. 120–21, 128–30, 165, 189</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolk2002" class="citation journal cs1">Wolk, Herman S. (April 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airforce-magazine.com/MagazineArchive/Pages/2002/April%202002/0402kenney.aspx">"The Genius of George Kenney"</a>. <i>Air Force Magazine Online</i>. <b>85</b> (4).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Air+Force+Magazine+Online&rft.atitle=The+Genius+of+George+Kenney&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=4&rft.date=2002-04&rft.aulast=Wolk&rft.aufirst=Herman+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airforce-magazine.com%2FMagazineArchive%2FPages%2F2002%2FApril%25202002%2F0402kenney.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+K.+Sutherland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffith1998" class="citation book cs1">Griffith, Thomas E. Jr (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/macarthursairman00grif/page/67"><i>MacArthur's Airman: General George C. Kenney and the war in the Southwest Pacific</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Lawrence,_Kansas" title="Lawrence, Kansas">Lawrence, Kansas</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Kansas" title="University Press of Kansas">University Press of Kansas</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/macarthursairman00grif/page/67">67–68, 272–73</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7006-0909-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7006-0909-1"><bdi>0-7006-0909-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=MacArthur%27s+Airman%3A+General+George+C.+Kenney+and+the+war+in+the+Southwest+Pacific&rft.place=Lawrence%2C+Kansas&rft.pages=67-68%2C+272-73&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-7006-0909-1&rft.aulast=Griffith&rft.aufirst=Thomas+E.+Jr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmacarthursairman00grif%2Fpage%2F67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+K.+Sutherland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeinrichsGallicchio2017" class="citation book cs1">Heinrichs, Waldo; Gallicchio, Marc (1 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/implacablefoeswa0000hein_u8l8/page/46/mode/1up"><i>Implacable Foes: War in the Pacific, 1944–1945</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 46–47, 601.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Implacable+Foes%3A+War+in+the+Pacific%2C+1944%E2%80%931945&rft.pages=46-47%2C+601&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2017-05-01&rft.aulast=Heinrichs&rft.aufirst=Waldo&rft.au=Gallicchio%2C+Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fimplacablefoeswa0000hein_u8l8%2Fpage%2F46%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+K.+Sutherland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bitter_years-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bitter_years_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bitter_years_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bitter_years_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogers1991" class="citation book cs1">Rogers, Paul P. (1991). <i>MacArthur and Sutherland: The Bitter Years</i>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>: Praeger. pp. 65–66, 68–69, 236–37, 306. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-92919-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-92919-1"><bdi>0-275-92919-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=MacArthur+and+Sutherland%3A+The+Bitter+Years&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=65-66%2C+68-69%2C+236-37%2C+306&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-275-92919-1&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Paul+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+K.+Sutherland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article11812587">"Mrs Bessemer Clarke Captain in American WAC [Women's Army Corps]"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Argus_(Melbourne)" title="The Argus (Melbourne)">The Argus (Melbourne)</a></i>. No. 30, 446. Victoria, Australia. 27 March 1944. p. 6<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2016</span> – via National Library of Australia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Argus+%28Melbourne%29&rft.atitle=Mrs+Bessemer+Clarke+Captain+in+American+WAC+%5BWomen%27s+Army+Corps%5D&rft.issue=30%2C+446&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1944-03-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article11812587&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+K.+Sutherland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2014" class="citation journal cs1">Martin, David (June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issuu.com/macarthurmuseumbrisbane/docs/gj_-_issue_3">"Three generals, two secretaries in World War II"</a>. <i>The General's Journal</i> (3): 4–5<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+General%27s+Journal&rft.atitle=Three+generals%2C+two+secretaries+in+World+War+II&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=4-5&rft.date=2014-06&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fissuu.com%2Fmacarthurmuseumbrisbane%2Fdocs%2Fgj_-_issue_3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+K.+Sutherland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2014" class="citation journal cs1">Martin, David (June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issuu.com/thegeneralsjournal/docs/issue_03_march_2015">"Three generals, two secretaries in World War II"</a>. <i>The General's Journal</i> (4): 7–8<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+General%27s+Journal&rft.atitle=Three+generals%2C+two+secretaries+in+World+War+II&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=7-8&rft.date=2014-06&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fissuu.com%2Fthegeneralsjournal%2Fdocs%2Fissue_03_march_2015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+K.+Sutherland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTreadwell1991" class="citation book cs1">Treadwell, Mattie E. (1991) [1954]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210302231229/https://history.army.mil/books/wwii/Wac/index.htm"><i>United States Army in World War II: Special Studies: The Women's Army Corps</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Center_of_Military_History" title="United States Army Center of Military History">United States Army Center of Military History</a>. pp. 393, 413–14. CMH Pub 11-8. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/Wac/index.htm">the original</a> on 2 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=United+States+Army+in+World+War+II%3A+Special+Studies%3A+The+Women%27s+Army+Corps&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=393%2C+413-14&rft.pub=United+States+Army+Center+of+Military+History&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Treadwell&rft.aufirst=Mattie+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.army.mil%2Fbooks%2Fwwii%2FWac%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+K.+Sutherland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060209141917/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,776064,00.html">"... Peace Be Now Restored"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. 10 September 1945. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,776064,00.html">the original</a> on 9 February 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=...+Peace+Be+Now+Restored&rft.date=1945-09-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C776064%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+K.+Sutherland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ancexplorer.army.mil/publicwmv/#/arlington-national/search/results/1/CgpzdXRoZXJsYW5kEgdyaWNoYXJkGgFr/">Burial Detail: Sutherland, Richard K. 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