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principau" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menut principal/Menut principau</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menut principal/Menut principau</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <div id="p-Navigacion" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Navigacion" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigacion </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Acuèlh" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Acu%C3%A8lh"><span>Acuèlh</span></a></li><li id="n-La-tavèrna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:La_tav%C3%A8rna"><span>La tavèrna</span></a></li><li id="n-thema" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Acu%C3%A8lh"><span>Portals tematics</span></a></li><li id="n-alphindex" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Totas_las_paginas"><span>Indèx alfabetic</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Pagina_a_l%27azard" title="Afichar una pagina a l'azard [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Una pagina a l'azard</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Contact-url"><span>contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Contribuir" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Contribuir" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribuir </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Somari" title="L'endrech per s'assabentar."><span>Ajuda</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Acu%C3%A8lh" title="A prepaus del projècte, çò que podètz far, ont trobar d'informacions"><span>Comunautat</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Darri%C3%A8rs_cambiaments" title="Lista dels darrièrs cambiaments sul wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Darrièrs cambiaments</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutwp" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Acu%C3%A8lh_dels_nov%C3%A8ls_venguts"><span>Acuèlh dels novèls venguts</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Acu%C3%A8lh" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipèdia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-oc.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.1875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l'enciclopèdia liura" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-oc.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Rec%C3%A8rca" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cercar dins Wikipèdia [C]" accesskey="C"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Recercar</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Recercar sus Wikipèdia" aria-label="Recercar sus Wikipèdia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cercar dins Wikipèdia [C]" accesskey="C" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Recèrca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Recercar</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Aisinas personalas"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Modifier l'apparence de la taille, de la largeur et de la couleur de la police de la page" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_oc.wikipedia.org&uselang=oc" class=""><span>Far un don</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_un_compte&returnto=Isl%C3%A0ndia" title="Vos es conselhat de crear un compte e de vos connectar ; pasmens, es pas obligatòri" class=""><span>Crear un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Nom_d%27utilizaire&returnto=Isl%C3%A0ndia" title="Sètz convidat(ada) a vos identificar, mas es pas obligatòri. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Se connectar</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aisinas personalas" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aisinas personalas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú d'usuari" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_oc.wikipedia.org&uselang=oc"><span>Far un don</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_un_compte&returnto=Isl%C3%A0ndia" title="Vos es conselhat de crear un compte e de vos connectar ; pasmens, es pas obligatòri"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crear un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Nom_d%27utilizaire&returnto=Isl%C3%A0ndia" title="Sètz convidat(ada) a vos identificar, mas es pas obligatòri. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Se connectar</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Mas_contribucions" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d'aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Mas_discussions" title="La pagina de discussion per aquesta adreça IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Somari" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Somari</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Començament</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geografia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Geografia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Topografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Topografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Clima</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Demografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lengas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lengas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Lengas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lengas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Religions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Istòria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istòria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Istòria</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Istòria-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Istòria</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Istòria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lo_poblament_e_la_cristianizacion_de_l'illa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lo_poblament_e_la_cristianizacion_de_l'illa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Lo poblament e la cristianizacion de l'illa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lo_poblament_e_la_cristianizacion_de_l'illa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_dominacion_norvegiana_e_danesa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_dominacion_norvegiana_e_danesa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>La dominacion norvegiana e danesa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_dominacion_norvegiana_e_danesa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-De_l'autonòmia_a_l'independéncia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_l'autonòmia_a_l'independéncia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>De l'autonòmia a l'independéncia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_l'autonòmia_a_l'independéncia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L'Islàndia_independenta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L'Islàndia_independenta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>L'Islàndia independenta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L'Islàndia_independenta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizacions_politica_e_territòriala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizacions_politica_e_territòriala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Organizacions politica e territòriala</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organizacions_politica_e_territòriala-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Organizacions politica e territòriala</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organizacions_politica_e_territòriala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Organizacion_politica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizacion_politica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Organizacion politica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizacion_politica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizacion_territòriala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizacion_territòriala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Organizacion territòriala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizacion_territòriala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Simbòls_nacionaus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Simbòls_nacionaus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Simbòls nacionaus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Simbòls_nacionaus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Afaires_estrangiers_e_defensa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afaires_estrangiers_e_defensa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Afaires estrangiers e defensa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Afaires_estrangiers_e_defensa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Afaires estrangiers e defensa</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Afaires_estrangiers_e_defensa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Afaires_estrangiers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afaires_estrangiers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Afaires estrangiers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afaires_estrangiers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fòrças_armadas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fòrças_armadas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Fòrças armadas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fòrças_armadas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Cultura</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultura-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Cultura</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arquitectura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arquitectura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Arquitectura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arquitectura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Escultura_e_pintura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Escultura_e_pintura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Escultura e pintura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Escultura_e_pintura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Musica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liames_intèrnes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liames_intèrnes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Liames intèrnes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liames_intèrnes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nòtas_e_referéncias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Nòtas e referéncias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Somari" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Islàndia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 275 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-275" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">275 lengas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Исландиа - abkhaz" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Исландиа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia - atjeh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="atjeh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Исландие - adigué" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Исландие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adigué" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ysland" title="Ysland - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ysland" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island - aleman de Soïssa" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="aleman de Soïssa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%8B%AD%E1%88%B5%E1%88%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5" title="አይስላንድ - amaric" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አይስላንድ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland - Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Iceland" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia - aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island - anglès antic" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="anglès antic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aisilan" title="Aisilan - obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Aisilan" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="आइसलैंड - angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="आइसलैंड" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="آيسلندا - arabi" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آيسلندا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="إسلاندا - arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="إسلاندا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="ايسلاندا - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايسلاندا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia - asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Исландия - àvar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Исландия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="àvar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda - kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Islanda" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="आइसलैंड - awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="आइसलैंड" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandiya" title="Islandiya - aimara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Islandiya" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aimara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0slandiya" title="İslandiya - azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İslandiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="ایسلند - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایسلند" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Исландия - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Исландия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia - balinés" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island - bavarès" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Islandėjė - samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Islandėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandya" title="Islandya - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Islandya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Ісландыя - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ісландыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Ісьляндыя - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ісьляндыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88slan" title="Èslan - betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Èslan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Исландия - bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Исландия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="आइसलैंड - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="आइसलैंड" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aislan" title="Aislan - bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Aislan" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aisland" title="Aisland - bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Aisland" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="আইসল্যান্ড - bengalin" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আইসল্যান্ড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8C%E0%BC%8D" title="ཨཡིསུ་ལེན་ཌ། - tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨཡིསུ་ལེན་ཌ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="আইসল্যান্ড - bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="আইসল্যান্ড" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island - breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island - bosniac" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Исланд - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Исланд" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isl%C3%A0ndia" title="Islàndia - catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Islàndia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia - Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%ADng-d%C5%8D%CC%A4" title="Bĭng-dō̤ - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Bĭng-dō̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Исланди - chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Исланди" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandya" title="Islandya - cebuan" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Islandya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia - chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%A7%E1%8F%81%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%93%E1%8E%B8%E1%8E%AF" title="ᏧᏁᏍᏓᎸᎯ - cheroqui" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏧᏁᏍᏓᎸᎯ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cheroqui" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF" title="ئایسلەند - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئایسلەند" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda - còrs" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Islanda" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="còrs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0slandiya" title="İslandiya - tàtar de Crimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İslandiya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tàtar de Crimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island - chèc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island%C3%ABj%C3%B4" title="Islandëjô - caixubi" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Islandëjô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="caixubi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8A" title="Исландъ - eslavon" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Исландъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="eslavon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Исланди - chovash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Исланди" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chovash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwlad_yr_I%C3%A2" title="Gwlad yr Iâ - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwlad yr Iâ" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island - danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland - Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Iceland" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island - alemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0slanda" title="İslanda - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İslanda" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandska" title="Islandska - baix sòrab" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Islandska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="baix sòrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="आइसल्याण्ड - Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="आइसल्याण्ड" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%90%DE%B0%DE%8D%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%91%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%B0" title="އައިސްލަންޑަން - divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އައިސްލަންޑަން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%8C%E0%BC%8B" title="ཨའིསི་ལེནཌ་ - dzongka" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཨའིསི་ལེནཌ་" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="dzongka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland - ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Iceland" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ισλανδία - grèc" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ισλανδία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda - Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Islanda" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland - anglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Iceland" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islando" title="Islando - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Islando" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia - espanhòl" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island - estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia - extremeny" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="extremeny" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="ایسلند - perse" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایسلند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islannda" title="Islannda - ful" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Islannda" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="ful" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanti" title="Islanti - finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Islanti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island - võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aisiladi" title="Aisiladi - fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Aisiladi" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dsland" title="Ísland - feroés" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Ísland" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islande" title="Islande - francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Islande" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda - francoprovençal" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Islanda" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="francoprovençal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islun" title="Islun - frisó septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Islun" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisó septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islande" title="Islande - friolan" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Islande" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friolan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ysl%C3%A2n" title="Yslân - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Yslân" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_%C3%8Doslainn" title="An Íoslainn - irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Íoslainn" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0slandiya" title="İslandiya - gagaús" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="İslandiya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagaús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islann" title="Islann - créole guyanais" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Islann" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="créole guyanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innis_T%C3%ACle" title="Innis Tìle - gaelic escossés" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Innis Tìle" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelic escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia - galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il%C3%A1ndia" title="Ilándia - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ilándia" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A1" title="आइसलँड - concani de Goa" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="आइसलँड" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="concani de Goa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B3" title="𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳 - gòtic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gòtic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%88%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A1" title="આઈસલેંડ - gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="આઈસલેંડ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Eeslynn" title="Yn Eeslynn - manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Eeslynn" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayislan" title="Ayislan - haussa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ayislan" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haussa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%AAn-t%C3%B3" title="Pên-tó - xinès hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Pên-tó" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="xinès hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C4%80ina_Hau" title="ʻĀina Hau - hawaià" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻĀina Hau" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93" title="איסלנד - ebrèu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איסלנד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebrèu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="आइसलैण्ड - Indi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आइसलैण्ड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Indi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland - hindi de Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Iceland" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi de Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandska" title="Islandska - naut sorab" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Islandska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="naut sorab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islann" title="Islann - crioll d’Haití" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Islann" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioll d’Haití" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izland" title="Izland - ongrés" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Izland" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ongrés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%BD%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Իսլանդիա - armèni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իսլանդիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armèni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Islanda" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia - indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island - interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland - igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Iceland" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Исланди - ingúix" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Исланди" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingúix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islando" title="Islando - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Islando" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dsland" title="Ísland - islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ísland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda - italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Islanda" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89" title="アイスランド - japonés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アイスランド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aislan" title="Aislan - crioll anglès de Jamaica" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Aislan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="crioll anglès de Jamaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/island" title="island - lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="island" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88slan" title="Èslan - javanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Èslan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ისლანდია - georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ისლანდია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandiya" title="Islandiya - karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Islandiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island - cabil" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Ислэнд - kabardí" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Ислэнд" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isiland%C9%A9" title="Isilandɩ - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Isilandɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islande" title="Islande - kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Islande" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Исландия - cazac" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Исландия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B" title="ប្រទេសអ៊ីស្លង់ - cambojian" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ប្រទេសអ៊ីស្លង់" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="cambojian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%90%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D" title="ಐಸ್‍ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಐಸ್‍ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%AC%EB%9E%80%EB%93%9C" title="아이슬란드 - corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아이슬란드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Исланд - komi-permiac" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Исланд" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permiac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Исландия - karatxai-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Исландия" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karatxai-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island - kölsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kölsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Eslenda" title="Îslenda - curd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Îslenda" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Исландия - komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Исландия" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island - cornic" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Исландия - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Исландия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia - latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia - ladin" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island - luxemborgés" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemborgés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Исландия - lesguià" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Исландия" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesguià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island - lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isilandi" title="Isilandi - ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Isilandi" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iesland" title="Iesland - limburguès" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Iesland" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda - lígur" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Islanda" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="lígur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda - Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Islanda" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda - llombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Islanda" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="llombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandi" title="Islandi - lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Islandi" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%87" title="ປະເທດອິດສະລັງ - laosian" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດອິດສະລັງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandija" title="Islandija - lituan" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Islandija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%AAslandeja" title="Īslandeja - latgalien" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Īslandeja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="latgalien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islande" title="Islande - leton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Islande" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="leton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia - madurès" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madurès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="आइसलैंड - maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="आइसलैंड" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia - Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Исландмастор - mordovià moksa" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Исландмастор" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mordovià moksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandy" title="Islandy - malgash" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Islandy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Исландий - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Исландий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiorangi" title="Tiorangi - maòri" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Tiorangi" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maòri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia - minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Исланд - macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Исланд" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%90%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="ഐസ്‌ലാന്റ് - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഐസ്‌ലാന്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Исланд - mongòl" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Исланд" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A2%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯑꯥꯢꯁ꯭ꯂꯦꯟ - manipurí" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯥꯢꯁ꯭ꯂꯦꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipurí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A1" title="आइसलँड - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आइसलँड" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Iceland" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C5%BClanda" title="Iżlanda - maltés" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Iżlanda" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eisl%C3%A1ndia" title="Eislándia - mirandés" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Eislándia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%9C%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="အိုက်စလန်နိုင်ငံ - birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အိုက်စလန်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Исландия Мастор - mordovià erza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Исландия Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="mordovià erza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="ایسلند - mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ایسلند" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iesland" title="Iesland - baix alemany" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Iesland" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baix alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieslaand" title="Ieslaand - baix saxó" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Ieslaand" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="baix saxó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="आइसल्यान्ड - nepalés" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="आइसल्यान्ड" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJsland" title="IJsland - neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="IJsland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island - norvegian nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegian nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island - norvegian bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegian bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islande" title="Islande - novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Islande" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islaunde" title="Islaunde - Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Islaunde" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin_K%C3%A9yah" title="Tin Kéyah - navaho" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tin Kéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navaho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandii" title="Islandii - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Islandii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aayislaandi" title="Aayislaandi - oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Aayislaandi" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A1" title="ଆଇସଲ୍ୟାଣ୍ଡ - oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଆଇସଲ୍ୟାଣ୍ଡ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Исланди - osseta" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Исланди" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osseta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1" title="ਆਈਸਲੈਂਡ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਈਸਲੈਂਡ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island - pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandya" title="Islandya - pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Islandya" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia - papiament" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiament" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islinde" title="Islinde - picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Islinde" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="आइसलैंड - pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="आइसलैंड" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia - polonés" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda - piemontès" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Islanda" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%D8%B3_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88" title="آئس لینڈ - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آئس لینڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ισλανδία - pòntic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Ισλανδία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="pòntic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89" title="آيسلينډ - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="آيسلينډ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isl%C3%A2ndia" title="Islândia - portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Islândia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanriya" title="Islanriya - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Islanriya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda - romanch" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Islanda" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romanch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda - romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Islanda" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda - aromanès" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Islanda" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanne" title="Islanne - Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Islanne" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Исландия - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Исландия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Ісланд - ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ісланд" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isilande" title="Isilande - ruandès" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Isilande" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="ruandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="आइसलैंड - sanscrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="आइसलैंड" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Исландия - iacut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Исландия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%B0" title="ᱟᱭᱤᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ - santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱟᱭᱤᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda - sard" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Islanda" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia - sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland - escossés" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Iceland" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%8A" title="آئس لينڊ - sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آئس لينڊ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isl%C3%A1nda" title="Islánda - sami septentrional" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Islánda" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isl%C3%A2nde" title="Islânde - sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Islânde" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayslanda" title="Ayslanda - taixelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Ayslanda" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="taixelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A2%E1%81%A2%E1%82%86%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%9C%E1%82%85%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းဢၢႆးသလႅၼ်ႇ - xan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းဢၢႆးသလႅၼ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="xan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BA" title="අයිස්ලන්තය - singalès" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අයිස්ලන්තය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Iceland" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%D8%B3_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88" title="آئس لینڈ - Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="آئس لینڈ" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandija" title="Islandija - eslovèn" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Islandija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiselani" title="Aiselani - samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Aiselani" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island - sami d’Inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="sami d’Inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yisirandi" title="Yisirandi - shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Yisirandi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayslaan" title="Ayslaan - somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ayslaan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda - albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Islanda" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Исланд - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Исланд" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islenikondre" title="Islenikondre - sranan" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Islenikondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sranan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echweni" title="Echweni - swazi" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Echweni" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swazi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland - soto del sud" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Iceland" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="soto del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieslound" title="Ieslound - saterlandais" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Ieslound" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia - sondanès" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sondanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island - suedés" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isilandi" title="Isilandi - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Isilandi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandyjo" title="Islandyjo - silesià" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Islandyjo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silesià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland - Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Iceland" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%90%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81" title="ஐசுலாந்து - tamol" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஐசுலாந்து" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland - Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Iceland" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%90%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D" title="ఐస్‌లాండ్ - telogó" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఐస్‌లాండ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telogó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izl%C3%A1ndia" title="Izlándia - tètum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Izlándia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tètum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Исландия - tajic" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Исландия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="ประเทศไอซ์แลนด์ - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศไอซ์แลนด์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandi%C3%BDa" title="Islandiýa - turcmèn" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Islandiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcmèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Iceland" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandij%C9%99" title="Islandijə - talix" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Islandijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBAisilani" title="ʻAisilani - tongalès" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="ʻAisilani" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aislan" title="Aislan - tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Aislan" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0zlanda" title="İzlanda - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İzlanda" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland - taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Iceland" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland - tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Iceland" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Исландия - tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Исландия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland - tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Iceland" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Исландия - tuvinià" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Исландия" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvinià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Исландия - udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Исландия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="ئىسلاندىيە - oigor" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىسلاندىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="oigor" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Ісландія - ucrainés" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ісландія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucrainés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%D8%B3_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88" title="آئس لینڈ - ordó" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آئس لینڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ordó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandiya" title="Islandiya - ozbèc" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Islandiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ozbèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda - vènet" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Islanda" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vènet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandii" title="Islandii - vepse" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Islandii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland - vietnamian" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Iceland" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ysland" title="Ysland - flamenc occidental" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Ysland" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="flamenc occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lislade%C3%A4n" title="Lisladeän - volapuc" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lisladeän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izlande" title="Izlande - való" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Izlande" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="való" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandya" title="Islandya - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Islandya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islaand" title="Islaand - wòlof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Islaand" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wòlof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B" title="冰岛 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="冰岛" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayisilend" title="Ayisilend - xhòsa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Ayisilend" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhòsa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ისლანდია - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ისლანდია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93" title="איסלאנד - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="איסלאנד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dsl%C3%A1nd%C3%AC" title="Íslándì - yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Íslándì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binghdauj" title="Binghdauj - zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Binghdauj" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iesland" title="Iesland - zelandès" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Iesland" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zelandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B7%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵉⵙⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ - amazic estàndard marroquí" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵉⵙⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="amazic estàndard marroquí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B" title="冰岛 - chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="冰岛" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B3%B6" title="冰島 - xinès clàssic" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="冰島" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="xinès clàssic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peng-t%C3%B3" title="Peng-tó - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Peng-tó" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B3%B6" title="冰島 - cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="冰島" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Ayisilandi" title="I-Ayisilandi - zólo" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="I-Ayisilandi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zólo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q189#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modificar los ligams interlenga" class="wbc-editpage">Modificar los ligams</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacis de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Isl%C3%A0ndia" title="Veire l’article [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discutir:Isl%C3%A0ndia&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussion a prepaus d'aquesta pagina (la pagina existís pas) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">occitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Afichatges"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Isl%C3%A0ndia"><span>Legir</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&veaction=edit" title="Modificar aquela pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&action=edit" title="Modificar lo còdi font d'aquela pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&action=history" title="Los autors e versions precedentas d'aquesta pagina. 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[j]" accesskey="j"><span>Paginas connèxas</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguit_dels_ligams/Isl%C3%A0ndia" rel="nofollow" title="Lista dels darrièrs cambiaments de las paginas ligadas a aquesta [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Seguit dels ligams</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=oc" title="Mandar un imatge o fichièr mèdia sul servidor [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Importar un fichièr</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Paginas_especialas" title="Lista de totas las paginas especialas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Paginas especialas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&oldid=2444789" title="Ligam permanent cap a aquesta version de la pagina"><span>Ligam permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&action=info" title="Mai d’informacion sus aquesta pagina"><span>Informacion sus la pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citar&page=Isl%C3%A0ndia&id=2444789&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacions sus cossí citar aquesta pagina"><span>Citar aqueste article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Foc.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIsl%25C3%25A0ndia"><span>Obténer una URL acorchida</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Foc.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIsl%25C3%25A0ndia"><span>Telecargar lo còdi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimir / exportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipèdia, l'enciclopèdia liura.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="oc" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2444490">.mw-parser-output .infobox{background:#f9f9f9;color:#000;font-size:90%;line-height:1.6em;float:right;clear:right;margin:.5em 0 .5em 1em;width:23.7em;border:1px solid #c2c2c1;border-spacing:5px}.mw-parser-output .infobox td,.mw-parser-output .infobox th{vertical-align:super;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #c2c2c1}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}@media only screen and (max-width:600px){.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #e7e7e7}}.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton button,.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton .mw-collapsible-text{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow th{border:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow th{border:0;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia{border:1px solid #ccd2d9;text-align:left;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedtoprow,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedtoprow{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedrow,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedrow{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedbottomrow,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedbottomrow{border-top:0;border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-geografia-text{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-geografia-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-geografia-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2444490"> <table class="infobox infobox geografia vcard" style="border-spacing:3.8px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold;">Islàndia</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;">Lýðveldið Ísland</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <div style="display:grid; grid-template-columns:auto 50%; align-items:center; text-align:center;"> <div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Flag_of_Iceland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/120px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/180px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/240px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> </div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Coat_of_arms_of_Iceland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_arms_of_Iceland.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_arms_of_Iceland.svg/113px-Coat_of_arms_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_arms_of_Iceland.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="844" data-file-height="870" /></a></span> </div> <div><a href="/wiki/Bandi%C3%A8ra_d%27Isl%C3%A0ndia" title="Bandièra d'Islàndia">Bandièra d'Islàndia</a></div> <div><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q179866" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q179866">Escut d'armas</a></div></div> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Imne_nacional" title="Imne nacional">Imne</a>: <i>Lofsöngur</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Localizacion"><img alt="Localizacion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Europe_location_ISL.png/270px-Europe_location_ISL.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Europe_location_ISL.png/405px-Europe_location_ISL.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Europe_location_ISL.png/540px-Europe_location_ISL.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold">Capitala</div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a><br /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" title="Mapas, vistas aerianas, etc."><a class="external text" href="http://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=oc&pagename=Isl%C3%A0ndia&params=65_N_19_W_"><span class="h-geo geo-dms"><data class="p-latitude" value="65">65° N</data>, <data class="p-longitude" value="-19">19° O</data></span></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Lenga_oficiala" title="Lenga oficiala">Lengas oficialas</a></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><a href="/wiki/Island%C3%A9s" title="Islandés">islandés</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold">Forma de govèrn</div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><a href="/wiki/Republica" title="Republica">Republica</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left; border: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccd2d9; padding:1px 10px 3px 10px;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><div class="ib-geografia-text"><a href="/wiki/Lista_dels_presidents_d%27Isl%C3%A0ndia" title="Lista dels presidents d'Islàndia">President</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lista_dels_primi%C3%A8rs_ministres_d%27Isl%C3%A0ndia" title="Lista dels primièrs ministres d'Islàndia">Primièr ministre</a></div></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halla_T%C3%B3masd%C3%B3ttir" class="extiw" title="is:Halla Tómasdóttir">Halla Tómasdóttir</a><br /><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bjarni_Benediktsson_(geb._1970)" class="extiw" title="is:Bjarni Benediktsson (geb. 1970)">Bjarni Benediktsson</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left; border: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccd2d9; padding:1px 10px 3px 10px;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><div class="ib-geografia-text">Data</div></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><a href="/wiki/17_de_junh" title="17 de junh">17 de junh</a> de <a href="/wiki/1944" class="mw-redirect" title="1944">1944</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left; border: transparent; padding:1px 10px 3px 10px;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><div class="ib-geografia-text">• Totala </div></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right">103 125 <abbr title="quilometre(s) carrat(s)">km²</abbr></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left; border: transparent; padding:1px 10px 3px 10px;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><div class="ib-geografia-text">• Totala (2024)</div></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right">399 189 ab.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left; border: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccd2d9; padding:1px 10px 3px 10px;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><div class="ib-geografia-text">• <a href="/wiki/Densitat_de_populacion" title="Densitat de populacion">Densitat</a></div></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right">3,7 ab./<abbr title="quilometre(s) carrat(s)">km²</abbr></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Moneda" title="Moneda">Moneda</a></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corona_islandesa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corona islandesa (la pagina existís pas)">Corona islandesa</a> (<code>ISK</code>)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Lista_dels_indicatius_telefonics_internacionals_per_pa%C3%ADs" title="Lista dels indicatius telefonics internacionals per país">Indicatiu telefonic</a></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right">354</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Fus_orari" title="Fus orari">Fus orari</a></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right">+0</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Domeni_de_primi%C3%A8r_niv%C3%A8l" title="Domeni de primièr nivèl">Domeni internet</a></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><a href="/wiki/.is" title=".is">.is</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #AAAAAA solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&action=edit&section=0"><span style="color:#555;">modificar</span></a></span> <span title="Consultatz la documentacion del modèl"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8l:Infodoc" title="Consultatz la documentacion del modèl"><img alt="Consultatz la documentacion del modèl" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Islàndia</b> (en islandés: <i>Ísland</i>), oficialament la <b>Republica d'Islàndia</b> (en islandés: <i>Lýðveldið Ísland</i>), es un <a href="/wiki/Estat" title="Estat">estat</a> insulari de l'<a href="/wiki/Ocean_Atlantic" title="Ocean Atlantic">Ocean Atlantic Nòrd</a> situat entre <a href="/wiki/Groenl%C3%A0ndia" title="Groenlàndia">Groenlàndia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norv%C3%A8gia" title="Norvègia">Norvègia</a> e <a href="/wiki/Esc%C3%B2cia" title="Escòcia">Escòcia</a>. Sa geografia es marcada per sa localizacion lòng de la Dorsala Medioatlantica e dau Ceucle Polar Artic. Aquò es a l'origina d'una activitat <a href="/wiki/Volcan" title="Volcan">volcanica</a> importanta e d'un <a href="/wiki/Clima" title="Clima">clima</a> fòrça freg, especialament dins lei regions interioras de l'illa. La populacion es febla amb aperaquí 399 000 abitants e, en causa de son territòri relativament important (103 000 km²), la màger part dau país es vueja d'abitants. La <a href="/wiki/Capitala" title="Capitala">capitala</a> <a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a>, situada sus lo <a href="/wiki/Litorau" title="Litorau">litorau</a> sud-oèst, n'es la vila principala e concentra lei dos tèrç de la populacion. </p><p>Lo poblament de l'illa foguèt tardiu e comencèt dins lo corrent de l'<a href="/wiki/Edat_Mejana" title="Edat Mejana">Edat Mejana</a> ambé l'installacion de colons <a href="/wiki/Viking" title="Viking">vikings</a>. Fòrça isolats e autonòms, creèron pas d'estats vertadiers avans l'instauracion de la sobeiranetat <a href="/wiki/Norv%C3%A8gia" title="Norvègia">norvegiana</a> au sègle XIII. Après lo declin de la corona norvegiana, <a href="/wiki/Danemarc" title="Danemarc">Danemarc</a> prenguèt son ròtle. Fins au sègle XIX, Islàndia demorèt isolada. Lo desvolopament de l'illa comencèt ambé lo melhorament dei transpòrts maritims e entraïnèt l'aparicion de movements nacionalistas locaus. <a href="/wiki/Danemarc" title="Danemarc">Danemarc</a> acceptèt de laissar a cha mauc mai d'autonòmia ais abitants que formèron lo sieu reiaume quasi independent en 1918. Puei, après l'invasion de <a href="/wiki/Danemarc" title="Danemarc">Danemarc</a> per <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">Alemanha</a> en 1940, l'illa rompèt lei darrierei liames ambé <a href="/wiki/Copenaga" title="Copenaga">Copenaga</a>. Venguèt oficialament independent en 1944. Pasmens, en causa de sa posicion estrategica e de sa feblessa demografica, Islàndia si raprochèt rapidament deis <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">Estats Units d'America</a> que son lo protector militar dau país dempuei 1951. Islàndia aguèt ansin un ròtle diplomatic de remarca dins lo corrent de la <a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_Freja" title="Guèrra Freja">Guèrra Freja</a> e assaièt de favorizar lo raprochament entre lei dos blòts. Lo país conoissèt tanben un desvolopament economic fòrça important a fa uei partida dei país pus desvolopats de la planeta maugrat una crisi economica grèva en 2008. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografia">Geografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modificar la seccion : Geografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Geografia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topografia">Topografia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modificar la seccion : Topografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Topografia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Situada sus la <a href="/wiki/Dorsala_(geologia)" title="Dorsala (geologia)">dorsala</a> medio-atlantic, Islàndia es una illa <a href="/wiki/Volcan" title="Volcan">volcanica</a> d'aperaquí 103 000 km². La dorsala la traversa dau sud-oèst au nòrd-èst e es a l'origina d'una activitat volcanica importanta amb environ 130 volcans actius. Tradicionalament, la geografia islandesa devesisse l'illa entre Tèrras Bassas que cuerbon lo <a href="/wiki/Litorau" title="Litorau">litorau</a> e Tèrras Autas situadas dins l'interior e definidas per una altitud superiora a 500 m. Pasmens, presentan una gròssa varietat de relèus que pòdon de còps agantar mai de 2 000 m e que forman de massís montanhós diferents. Lei pus importants son situats lòng dau litorau sud-èst onte si situa la cima pus auta dau país (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hvannadalshnj%C3%BAkur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hvannadalshnjúkur (la pagina existís pas)">Hvannadalshnjúkur</a>, 2 109 m), au nòrd a l'entorn d'Akureyri e dins lei regions centralas. Son cubèrts per de <a href="/wiki/Glaci%C3%A8r" title="Glacièr">glacièrs</a> fòrça estenduts (<a href="/wiki/Vatnaj%C3%B6kull" title="Vatnajökull">Vatnajökull</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hofsj%C3%B6kull&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hofsjökull (la pagina existís pas)">Hofsjökull</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Langj%C3%B6kull&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langjökull (la pagina existís pas)">Langjökull</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BDrdalsj%C3%B6kull&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mýrdalsjökull (la pagina existís pas)">Mýrdalsjökull</a>) que son a l'origina de <a href="/wiki/Riu" title="Riu">rius</a> glaciers caracterizats per un debit important (mai irregular) a respèct de la longor febla dei jaç. Lei dos pus importants son <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thj%C3%B3rs%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thjórsá (la pagina existís pas)">Thjórsá</a> (230 km e 370 m<sup>3</sup>/s) e <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B6kuls%C3%A1_%C3%A1_Fj%C3%B6llum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jökulsá á Fjöllum (la pagina existís pas)">Jökulsá á Fjöllum</a> (206 km e 180 m<sup>3</sup>/s). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clima">Clima</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modificar la seccion : Clima" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Clima"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Situat just au sud dau ceucle polar artic, Islàndia a un clima freg temperat per leis efècts d'un sota-corrent dau Gulf Steam dich <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corrent_d%27Irminger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corrent d'Irminger (la pagina existís pas)">corrent d'Irminger</a> qu'adocissan lei temperaturas. Leis autrei factors climatics principaus son l'importància dei vents d'oèst (lei vents d'èst son fòrça rars) e la posicion d'una zòna permanenta de pression bassa situada entre Islàndia e <a href="/wiki/Groenl%C3%A0ndia" title="Groenlàndia">Groenlàndia</a> que fa partida de l'Oscillacion Nòrd-Atlantic. La region d'Akureyri, situada au nòrd, presenta un element suplementari ambé l'existéncia d'un ret de montanhas autas que protegisson l'endrech dei vents pus fregs de l'oèst. Pasmens, maugrat aquelei factors, un aspèct important dau clima islandés es son instabilitat que pòu entraïnar de cambiaments fòrça rapides, compres dins de regions d'altitud febla. </p><p>Islàndia es devesida entre tres zònas <a href="/wiki/Clima" title="Clima">climaticas</a> principalas. Lo litorau sud-èst e la màger part dei regions centralas an un clima continentau freg e umide. La region d'Akureyri a un clima continentau freg amb un estiu sec. Enfin, lo rèsta de l'illa, a un clima de <a href="/wiki/Tondra" title="Tondra">tondra</a> caracterizat per de temperaturas quasi polaras. Pasmens, leis ivèrns islandés son generalament clements en comparason de çò qu'es observat a de latituds similaras. D'efècte, si la temperatura pòu demenir fins a -25°C ò -30°C au nòrd, la temperatura ivernenca mejana es de 0°C dins lei plans dau sud. Leis estius son brèus amb una temperatura mejana entre 10 e 13°C au sud. </p><p>Lei precipitacions evolucionan de 2 000 mm dins lei regions litoralas somesas a l'influéncia dei massas d'èr oceanicas umidas a mens de 500 mm au nòrd somes ais efècts inibitòris de plueias dei corrents atmosferics polars. Una partida importanta, sovent la majoritat, d'aquelei precipitacions es fach de nèu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demografia">Demografia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modificar la seccion : Demografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Demografia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La populacion islandesa èra d'aperaquí 320 000 abitants en 2012 siá 3,1 ab/km². Presenta lei caracteristicas dei país europèus desvolopats amb una aumentacion progressiva de la proporcion d'ancians e una esperança de vida auta (81 ans en 2012). Lo taus de feconditat (1,89 enfants per frema en 2012) es en revènge important a respèct dau rèsta dau continent europèu. La demografia islandesa aumenta ansin pauc a pauc car èra encara de solament 180 000 abitants en 1961. </p><p>La màger part deis Islandés vivon a <a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a> ò dins son aglomeracion (environ 200 000 abitants) que gropa lei dos tèrç de la populacion au sud-oèst de l'illa. Lo rèsta es principalament installat lòng dau <a href="/wiki/Litorau" title="Litorau">litorau</a> sud onte lo clima es lo mens ostil, magerament dins lo sud-oèst. L'excepcion unica es la vila d'Akureyri situada au nòrd mai que tèn un microclima relativament clement. Lei regions interioras son quasi pas pobladas e en defòra de la capitala e de sa banlèga, solament doas vilas an mai de 10 000 abitants (Akureyri e Reykjanesbær). La consequéncia es una densitat de populacion inferiora a mens d'un abitant per quilomètre carrat sus la màger part dau territòri e l'existéncia de regions inabitadas fòrça vastas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lengas">Lengas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modificar la seccion : Lengas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lengas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'<a href="/wiki/Island%C3%A9s" title="Islandés">islandés</a> es la lenga oficiala de l'illa dempuei 2011 e la lenga mairala de la populacion autoctòna. Es una <a href="/wiki/Lenga_germanica" class="mw-redirect" title="Lenga germanica">lenga germanica</a> eissida dau <a href="/wiki/Noro%C3%A8c" title="Noroèc">noroèc</a> parlat en <a href="/wiki/Escandin%C3%A0via" title="Escandinàvia">Escandinàvia</a> dins lo corrent de l'<a href="/wiki/Edat_Mejana" title="Edat Mejana">Edat Mejana</a>. L'isolament d'Islàndia e l'importància de sa cultura escricha an favorizat una conservacion granda de la lenga originala. En particular, leis Islandés pòdon aisament comunicar ambé leis abitants deis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Illas_Feroe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Illas Feroe (la pagina existís pas)">Illas Feroe</a> e dau nòrd de <a href="/wiki/Norv%C3%A8gia" title="Norvègia">Norvègia</a> que parlan tanben de lengas pròchas dau <a href="/wiki/Noro%C3%A8c" title="Noroèc">noroèc</a>. </p><p>L'<a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">anglés</a> e lo <a href="/wiki/Dan%C3%A9s" title="Danés">danés</a> an tanben un ròtle important dins l'illa e son sovent utilizats au sen de l'administracion. Aquelei lengas son respectivament parladas per 85% e 75% de la populacion e son l'objècte de programas d'ensenhament importants a l'escòla. Lo <a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">francés</a> e l'<a href="/wiki/Alemand" title="Alemand">alemand</a> li son de còps ensenhats. D'autra part, dempuei lo començament dau sègle XXI, la formacion de comunautats de trabalhaires imigrats, magerament dins lei pòrts de pesca, a entraïnat l'aparicion de lengas novèlas dins l'illa coma lo <a href="/wiki/Polon%C3%A9s" title="Polonés">polonés</a> (2,6% de la populacion en 2011) e lo <a href="/wiki/Lituanian" title="Lituanian">lituanian</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religions">Religions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modificar la seccion : Religions" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Religions"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Islàndia es un país <a href="/wiki/Cristianisme" title="Cristianisme">crestian</a> amb una glèisa d'Estat qu'es la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gl%C3%A8isa_d%27Isl%C3%A0ndia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glèisa d'Islàndia (la pagina existís pas)">Glèisa d'Islàndia</a> que son nom complèt es Glèisa evangelica-luteriana d'Islàndia. Pasmens, la libertat religiosa es assegurada per lo govèrn e respectada. L'Estat organiza lo recensament regular de l'afilhacion religiós dei ciutadans islandés. En 2005, 82,1% si revendicavan de la Glèisa d'Islàndia, 4,7% dei Glèisas liuras de Reykjavik e de Hafnarfjörður, 2,4% de la <a href="/wiki/Catolicisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Catolicisme">Glèisa Catolica</a> e 2,7% d'autrei glèisas crestianas. En mai d'aquò, 5,5% avián donat una apartenància a un grop non reconoissut coma organizacion religiosa e 1% fasián partida de religions fòrça minoritàrias disn l'illa coma l'<a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a>. Lo nombre de ciutadans <a href="/wiki/Ate%C3%AFsme" title="Ateïsme">atèus</a> ò <a href="/wiki/Agnosticisme" title="Agnosticisme">agnostics</a> èra tanben fòrça feble (2,6%). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istòria"><span id="Ist.C3.B2ria"></span>Istòria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modificar la seccion : Istòria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Istòria"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lo_poblament_e_la_cristianizacion_de_l'illa"><span id="Lo_poblament_e_la_cristianizacion_de_l.27illa"></span>Lo poblament e la cristianizacion de l'illa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo poblament e la cristianizacion de l'illa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lo poblament e la cristianizacion de l'illa"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Situada dins lei regions frejas dau nòrd de l'<a href="/wiki/Ocean_Atlantic" title="Ocean Atlantic">Ocean Atlantic</a>, Islàndia foguèt pas poblada per d'èssers umans avans lo sègle VIII. Sa descubèrta sembla èsser l'òbra de monges <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irlandia (la pagina existís pas)">irlandés</a> que cercavan d'endrechs isolats onte si retirar. Au sègle seguent, dins lo corrent deis annadas 860, de navigators <a href="/wiki/Viking" title="Viking">vikings</a> agantèron l'illa e comencèron son exploracion. Lo luòc atirèt lèu de colons que venguèron s'installar ambé sa familha e seis <a href="/wiki/Esclavatge" title="Esclavatge">esclaus</a> (generalament d'origina cèlta). Adoptèron un mòde de vida individualista centrada sus la subrevida sieuna dins d'<a href="/wiki/Ostal" title="Ostal">ostaus</a> fòrça isolats. Aquela dispersion extrèma empachèt l'emergéncia d'un poder centrau. En plaça, apareissèt pauc a pauc un sistèma de clans. L'institucion unica de l'illa èra una assemblada d'òmes liures dicha <i>Althing</i> fondada sus lo modèl viking vèrs 930. Si reünissiá cada annada per reglar lei desacòrdis entre lei diferentei familhas. </p><p>Vèrs 980, sota la pression dau rèi de <a href="/wiki/Norv%C3%A8gia" title="Norvègia">Norvègia</a>, l'<i>Althing</i> adoptèt oficialament lo <a href="/wiki/Cristianisme" title="Cristianisme">cristianisme</a> coma <a href="/wiki/Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion">religion</a>. Dos evescats foguèron fondats dins l'illa e plaçats sota la dependéncia de l'arquevesque de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trondheim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trondheim (la pagina existís pas)">Trondheim</a>. Aquò favorizèt l'introduccion de l'<a href="/wiki/Escritura" title="Escritura">escritura</a> entre leis abitants. Foguèt a l'origina d'una literatura rica que si desvolopèt fòrça rapidament. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_dominacion_norvegiana_e_danesa">La dominacion norvegiana e danesa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modificar la seccion : La dominacion norvegiana e danesa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edita el codi de la secció: La dominacion norvegiana e danesa"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dins lo corrent dau sègle XIII, l’<i>Althing</i> perdèt son eficacitat per resòuvre lei conflictes entraïnant de guèrras clanicas saunosas e lòngas. Au començament deis annadas 1260, <a href="/wiki/Norv%C3%A8gia" title="Norvègia">Norvègia</a>, sostenguda per la <a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%A8isa_Catolica" class="mw-redirect" title="Glèisa Catolica">Glèisa</a>, decidèt d'intervenir per restablir l'òrdre. En 1264, foguèt conclut un pacte que placèt Islàndia sota la senhoriá dau rèi de <a href="/wiki/Norv%C3%A8gia" title="Norvègia">Norvègia</a>. Li foguèt installat un govèrn norvegian que teniá lo contraròle dau comèrci exterior. Leis abitants gardèron una autonòmia importanta regardant seis afaires intèrnes e l’<i>Althing</i> foguèt conservat. Pasmens, la pèrda de la gestion de son comèrci XXX leis abitants. </p><p>En 1536, l'illa passèt sota la senhoriá de <a href="/wiki/Danemarc" title="Danemarc">Danemarc</a>. Li impausèt lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luterianisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luterianisme (la pagina existís pas)">luterianisme</a> coma religion en despiech de la resisténcia de la populacion (execucion d'un evesque catolic). Pasmens, après l'amaisament de la question religiosa, lo subjècte principau de la politica de l'illa demorèt lo comèrci exterior e la rivalitat entre marchands germanics e danés. Lei Danés obtenèron lo monopòli dau comèrci amb Islàndia en 1602 e lo gardèron fins a 1787. Per leis Islandés, lei consequéncias foguèron marridas car lei marchands danés foguèron desenant liures d'impausar sei prètz. De mai, au sègle XVIII, lo desvolopament de l'absolutisme reiau en <a href="/wiki/Danemarc" title="Danemarc">Danemarc</a> aguèt de repercucions dins l'illa. En particular, l'<i>Althing</i> foguèt transformat en tribunau dins lo corrent dau sègle avans d'èsser suprimit en 1800. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="De_l'autonòmia_a_l'independéncia"><span id="De_l.27auton.C3.B2mia_a_l.27independ.C3.A9ncia"></span>De l'autonòmia a l'independéncia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modificar la seccion : De l'autonòmia a l'independéncia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edita el codi de la secció: De l'autonòmia a l'independéncia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Au sègle XIX, la liberalizacion progressiva de la monarquia danesa permetèt tanben de liberalizar pauc a pauc Islàndia. L'<i>Althing</i> foguèt restablit en 1845 e foguèt dotat de poders legislatius en 1874. De mai, la dubertura de l'illa ai marchands estrangiers entraïnèt una demenicion dei prètz. En 1904, l'autonòmia de l'illa aumentèt ambé la creacion d'un regime parlamentari. Puei, en 1918, un referendum li donèt una quasi independéncia. Islàndia e Danemarc venguèron dos reiaumes diferents dirigits per lo rèi danés segon un sistèma d'<a href="/wiki/Union_personala" title="Union personala">union personala</a>. <a href="/wiki/Copenaga" title="Copenaga">Copenaga</a> gardèt solament lo contraròtle dei finanças e de la diplomacia. </p><p>Dins aquò, en 1940, l'invasion de <a href="/wiki/Danemarc" title="Danemarc">Danemarc</a> e la captura dau rèi per l'<a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">Alemanha</a> <a href="/wiki/Nazisme" title="Nazisme">Nazia</a> creèt una situacion fòrça malaisada per l'illa. Un <a href="/wiki/Reg%C3%A9ncia" title="Regéncia">regent</a> foguèt elegit e leis autoritats islandesas si raprochèron deis Aliats. Lei <a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">Britanics</a> li desbarquèron en mai de 1940 e leis <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">Estatsunidencs</a> en julhet de 1941. Utilizèron son territòri coma basa per luchar còntra lei <a href="/wiki/Sosmarin" title="Sosmarin">sosmarins</a> alemands e favorizèron l'independéncia islandesa votada per l'<i>Althing</i> en mai de 1942. Un referendum confirmèt aquela decision dos ans pus tard e Islàndia proclamèt oficialament son independéncia lo 17 de junh de 1944. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="L'Islàndia_independenta"><span id="L.27Isl.C3.A0ndia_independenta"></span>L'Islàndia independenta</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modificar la seccion : L'Islàndia independenta" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edita el codi de la secció: L'Islàndia independenta"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Carta_europa_occitan.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/oc/thumb/3/32/Carta_europa_occitan.pdf/page1-220px-Carta_europa_occitan.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/oc/thumb/3/32/Carta_europa_occitan.pdf/page1-330px-Carta_europa_occitan.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/oc/thumb/3/32/Carta_europa_occitan.pdf/page1-440px-Carta_europa_occitan.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1752" data-file-height="1239" /></a><figcaption>Islàndia en <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">Euròpa</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dempuei son independéncia, Islàndia a conoissut un desvolopament economic important e assaia de tenir un ròtle diplomatic de mediator per resòuvre lei problemas internacionaus. D'efèct, en 1949, lo país venguèt membre de l'<a href="/wiki/OTAN" class="mw-redirect" title="OTAN">OTAN</a> avans de signar un acòrdi de defensa ambé leis <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">Estats Units d'America</a> en 1951 que fisèt la proteccion militara de l'illa a Washington. <a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a> posquèt donc si concentrar sus son desvolopament economic e la defensa deis interès de sei pescaires. Dins lo corrent deis annadas 1970, aquò entraïnèt divèrsei crisis diplomaticas ambé d'autrei país europèus, especialament lo <a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">Reiaume unit</a>. Islàndia assaièt tanben de raprochar lei dos blòts e organizèt en 1986 la conferéncia de Reykjavik entre <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikha%C3%AFl_Gorbatchev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikhaïl Gorbatchev (la pagina existís pas)">Mikhaïl Gorbatchev</a> que permetèt de destendre d'un biais decisiu lei relacions entre Estatsunidencs e Sovietics. Pasmens, dempuei la fin de la <a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_Freja" title="Guèrra Freja">Guèrra Freja</a>, Islàndia prepausa son ajuda per facilitar lo reglament de crisis umanitàrias mai son influéncia dins lei grandei questions internacionalas a demenit. Enfin, en 2008, lo país foguèt grèvament tocat per la crisi dei <i>subprimes</i> qu'entraïnèt l'afondrament de son sector bancari e una recession de 15% dau PIB. Si la situacion si normaliza pauc a pauc, la question dau deute islandés es venguda l'objècte de tensions ambé lo <a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">Reiaume Unit</a> e lei <a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%AFses_Basses" title="Païses Basses">País Bas</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organizacions_politica_e_territòriala"><span id="Organizacions_politica_e_territ.C3.B2riala"></span>Organizacions politica e territòriala</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modificar la seccion : Organizacions politica e territòriala" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Organizacions politica e territòriala"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organizacion_politica">Organizacion politica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modificar la seccion : Organizacion politica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Organizacion politica"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Islàndia es una <a href="/wiki/Republica" title="Republica">republica</a> parlamentària que seis institucions son regidas per una <a href="/wiki/Constitucion" title="Constitucion">constitucion</a> adoptada en 1944. Lo principi de separacion dei poders es respectat. Lo cap de l'Estat es lo president de la Republica que tèn principalament un ròtle onorific e valida lei chausidas e lei nominacions dei partits majoritaris au parlament<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Lo president es elegit per un mandat de quatre ans au sufragi universau dirècte. </p><p>Dins lei fachs, lo poder executiu es tengut per lo cap dau govèrn e sei ministres. Lo poder legislatiu es assegurat per un parlament monocamerau dich <i>Althing</i>. Fondat vèrs 930, es l'assemblada pus vièlha d'<a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">Euròpa</a>. Es formada de 63 deputats elegits au sufragi universau dirècte e proporcionau temperat per un escrutinh organizat dins sièis (ò de còps sèt) circonscripcions e un lindau electorau de 5%. Aqueu sistèma empacha generalament la formacion d'una majoritat absoluda e necessita la formacion de coalicions politicas per dirigir lo país. Lo poder judiciari es dirigida per una cort suprèm qu'a lei foncions de cort d'apèu e de cort constitucionala. En causa de la populacion pichona, lei tribunaus ordinaris son competents per la màger part deis afaires franc dei cas regardant leis afaires comerciaus e maritims que son l'objècte d'una juridiccion especiala. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organizacion_territòriala"><span id="Organizacion_territ.C3.B2riala"></span>Organizacion territòriala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modificar la seccion : Organizacion territòriala" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Organizacion territòriala"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Islàndia es devesida en regions, en circonscripcions, en comtats e en comunas qu'an de ròtles fòrça diferents. Lei 8 regions correspondon a una division anciana qu'es gardada per establir d'estatisticas per lo govèrn. Lei 6 circonscripcions son d'entitats electoralas utilizadas per leis eleccions legislativas. Lei comtats correspondon globalament ai comtats istorics de l'illa. Son principalament cargadas de la gestion de la polícia (en defòra de Reykjavik) e de la collècta deis impòsts. Enfin, li a 79 comunas de talhas e de superficias fòrça inegalas que s'ocupan de l'administracion locala (transpòrt, escòla... etc.). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Simbòls_nacionaus"><span id="Simb.C3.B2ls_nacionaus"></span>Simbòls nacionaus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modificar la seccion : Simbòls nacionaus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Simbòls nacionaus"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Islàndia a un drapèu, d'armas, una devisa e un imne nacionau coma simbòls nacionaus : </p> <ul><li>son drapèu foguèt adoptat lo 19 de junh de 1913 e oficialament gardat per lo regime republican lo 17 de junh de 1944. Es inspirat per la bandiera <a href="/wiki/Danemarc" title="Danemarc">danesa</a>. De versions especialas existisson per lo president e per lei doanas.</li> <li>seis armas foguèron adoptadas lo 1<sup>èr</sup> de julhet de 1944. Son formadas dei quatre figuras miticas protectritz dau país e d'un blason representant lo drapèu islandés. Lei quatre figuras (dichas « landvættir ») son un buou (dich « Griðungur ») protector dau sud-oèst de l'illa, un agla (« Gammur ») gardian dau nòrd-oèst, un <a href="/wiki/Drac" title="Drac">drac</a> (« Dreki ») que susvelha lo nòrd-èst e un gigant rocassós (« Bergrisi ») que protegisse lo sud-èst.</li> <li>sa devisa es <i>Með lögum skal land byggja</i> (« La Nacion es bastida sus la lèi » en <a href="/wiki/Occitan" title="Occitan">occitan</a>).</li> <li>son imne nacionau es dich <i>Lofsöngur</i> (« Imne » en occitan) ò <i>Ó Guð vors lands</i> (« O Dieu dei Nòstrei Tèrras » en <a href="/wiki/Occitan" title="Occitan">lenga nòstra</a>). Adoptat en 1944, son tèxte es l'òbra de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matth%C3%ADas_Jochumsson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matthías Jochumsson (la pagina existís pas)">Matthías Jochumsson</a> e sa musica de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sveinbj%C3%B6rn_Sveinbj%C3%B6rnsson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sveinbjörn Sveinbjörnsson (la pagina existís pas)">Sveinbjörn Sveinbjörnsson</a>.</li></ul> <p>Lo faucon girfalc es utilizat coma emblèm animau nacionau. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Flag_of_Iceland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapèu actuau adoptat en 1913."><img alt="Drapèu actuau adoptat en 1913." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/120px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/180px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/240px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Drapèu actuau adoptat en 1913.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Flag_of_the_President_of_Iceland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapèu utilizat per lo president."><img alt="Drapèu utilizat per lo president." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_the_President_of_Iceland.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_the_President_of_Iceland.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_the_President_of_Iceland.svg/240px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Drapèu utilizat per lo president.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Customs_Flag_and_Ensign_of_Iceland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapèu utilizat per lei doanas."><img alt="Drapèu utilizat per lei doanas." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Customs_Flag_and_Ensign_of_Iceland.svg/120px-Customs_Flag_and_Ensign_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Customs_Flag_and_Ensign_of_Iceland.svg/180px-Customs_Flag_and_Ensign_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Customs_Flag_and_Ensign_of_Iceland.svg/240px-Customs_Flag_and_Ensign_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Drapèu utilizat per lei doanas.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Coat_of_arms_of_Iceland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Armas actualas adoptadas en 1944."><img alt="Armas actualas adoptadas en 1944." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_arms_of_Iceland.svg/116px-Coat_of_arms_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="116" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_arms_of_Iceland.svg/175px-Coat_of_arms_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_arms_of_Iceland.svg/233px-Coat_of_arms_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="844" data-file-height="870" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Armas actualas adoptadas en 1944.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Afaires_estrangiers_e_defensa">Afaires estrangiers e defensa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modificar la seccion : Afaires estrangiers e defensa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Afaires estrangiers e defensa"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Afaires_estrangiers">Afaires estrangiers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modificar la seccion : Afaires estrangiers" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Afaires estrangiers"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Islàndia fa partida de mai d'una organizacion internacionala e regionala importanta coma l'<a href="/wiki/ONU" class="mw-redirect" title="ONU">ONU</a> ò l'<a href="/wiki/OTAN" class="mw-redirect" title="OTAN">OTAN</a>. Pasmens, país sensa fòrças armadas, plaçat sota la proteccion militara deis Estats Units e amb un pes economic feble, l'illa es un actor diplomatic segondari amb una politica estrangiera principalament orientada sus lei relacions ambé lei país nordics e sus lo futur dei regions articas. D'efèct, la cooperacion ambé leis estats escandinèus es la preocupacion principala dau <a href="/wiki/Gov%C3%A8rn" title="Govèrn">govèrn</a> islandés quasiment dempuei son <a href="/wiki/Independ%C3%A9ncia" title="Independéncia">independéncia</a>. Fa ansin partida dau Conseu Nordic que favoriza la cooperacion regionala entre lei cinc <a href="/wiki/Estat" title="Estat">estats</a> <a href="/wiki/Escandin%C3%A0via" title="Escandinàvia">escandinèus</a> e sei dependéncias. L'Artic es lo segond axe principau de la diplomacia islandesa. <a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a> li promòu una politica de cooperacion regardant l'esplecha de la region (pesca e benlèu idrocarburs dins leis annadas venentas) e lo cambiament climatic (migracions dei peis vèrs lo nòrd). Dins aquel encastre, Islàndia assaia tanben de tenir un ròtle de mediator entre leis <a href="/wiki/Estats_Units_d%27America" title="Estats Units d'America">Estats Units d'America</a> e <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> d'un biais similar a son accion deis annadas 1980 entre leis Estatsunidencs e lei <a href="/wiki/URSS" class="mw-redirect" title="URSS">Sovietics</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fòrças_armadas"><span id="F.C3.B2r.C3.A7as_armadas"></span>Fòrças armadas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modificar la seccion : Fòrças armadas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Fòrças armadas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lei fòrças armadas islandesas son fòrça limitadas e compausadas d'un còrs de gardàcostas de 200 marins, 4 vedetas e 4 <a href="/wiki/Aeronau" title="Aeronau">aeronaus</a> e d'un sistèma de radars de defensa antiaeriana (subretot utilizat per l'<a href="/wiki/OTAN" class="mw-redirect" title="OTAN">OTAN</a>). La defensa de l'illa es en realitat principalament assegurada per leis <a href="/wiki/Estats_Units_d%27America" title="Estats Units d'America">Estats Units d'America</a> dempuei 1951 e la signatura d'un acòrdi militar entre <a href="/wiki/Washington" title="Washington">Washington</a> e <a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a>. D'autreis acòrdis de defensa existisson tanben ambé d'autrei país de l'OTAN (especialament <a href="/wiki/Danemarc" title="Danemarc">Danemarc</a> e <a href="/wiki/Norv%C3%A8gia" title="Norvègia">Norvègia</a>) dins lo cas de trèbols intèrnes grèus. Leis Estats Units an ansin mantengut una <a href="/wiki/Garnison" title="Garnison">garnison</a> dins la basa de Keflavík fins a 2006 e son retirament en causa de la disparicion d'una menaça dins lo nòrd de l'Ocean Atlantic dempuei la disparicion de l'URSS<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Dempuei 2008, aquela basa es utilizada per aculhir de contingents de l'OTAN cargats d'assegurar la polícia dau cèu dins l'espaci aerian islandés. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economia">Economia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Modificar la seccion : Economia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Economia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Islàndia es un país fòrça desvolopat amb un PIB per abitant de mai de 46 000 $/ab. Pasmens, en causa de sa demografia limitada, son importància economica au sen dau <a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">continent</a> europèu es febla amb un <a href="/wiki/PIB" class="mw-redirect" title="PIB">PIB</a> de 14,59 miliards de dolars en 2014. Lo sector primari ne representava 7,1%, lo sector industriau 25,3% e lei servicis 67,9%. Lei liames economics principaus de l'illa èran subretot establits ambé d'estats de la mitat nòrd de l'Ocean Atlantic coma lei <a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%AFses_Basses" title="Païses Basses">País Bas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">Alemanha</a>, lo <a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">Reiaume Unit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norv%C3%A8gia" title="Norvègia">Norvègia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danemarc" title="Danemarc">Danemarc</a>, leis <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">Estats Units</a> ò <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>. </p><p>L'economia islandesa es estada tocada per una crisi grèva en 2008 en causa de l'afondrament de son sistèma bancari a la seguida de la crisi dei <i>subprimes</i>. Aquò entraïnèt una demenicion dau PIB de 15%. Entraïnèt tanben de crisis politicas ambé lei <a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%AFses_Basses" title="Païses Basses">País Bas</a> e lo <a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">Reiaume Unit</a> car <a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a> considera qu'una partida dau deute liat a aqueleis eveniments es illegitim e refusa de remborsar certanei bancas originàrias d'aquelei país. </p><p>Lo sector primari èra dominat per la <a href="/wiki/Pesca" title="Pesca">pesca</a> qu'èra a l'origina de 45% deis exportacions nacionalas. En particular, lei pescaires islandés an lo drech de capturar 300 cetacèus cada annada que son una fònt importanta d'exportacions. L'autre domeni important es l'industria de l'<a href="/wiki/Alumini" title="Alumini">alumini</a> que representava aperaquí 35% deis exportacions. D'efèct, la produccion d'energia excedentària de l'illa li a favorizat lo desvolopament d'aquela industria que necessita de quantitats importantas d'<a href="/wiki/Electricitat" title="Electricitat">electricitat</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultura">Cultura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Modificar la seccion : Cultura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&action=edit&section=20" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Cultura"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arquitectura">Arquitectura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Modificar la seccion : Arquitectura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&action=edit&section=21" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Arquitectura"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'arquitectura islandesa es d'origina <a href="/wiki/Escandin%C3%A0via" title="Escandinàvia">escandinava</a>. Es estada fòrça influenciada per la manca de <a href="/wiki/Fusta" title="Fusta">fusta</a> dins l'illa e per la necessitat de s'aparar còntra lo freg ambé d'estructuras bassas. Ansin, l'arquitectura tradicionala es caracterizada per l'utilizacion de muralhas de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tepa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tepa (la pagina existís pas)">tepa</a> que permèton d'assegurar l'isolacion còntra lo freg. A l'origina, aqueleis ostaus èran construchas sus lo modèl <a href="/wiki/Viking" title="Viking">viking</a> e èran relativament lòngas. Aquò evolucionèt a partir dau sègle XIV vèrs un modèl d'ostaus pus pichons. La fusta demorèt fòrça utilizada per lei bastiments pus importants (<a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%A8isa" class="mw-disambig" title="Glèisa">glèisas</a>... etc.) fins au sègle XVIII e l'introduccion de la pèira. </p><p>Dins lo corrent dau sègle XIX, lo desvolopament dau comèrci permetèt d'importar de materiaus de construccion, especialament la <a href="/wiki/Fusta" title="Fusta">fusta</a>. L'estile de l'aberg soís venguèt dominant mai entraïnèt d'<a href="/wiki/Incendi" title="Incendi">incendis</a> grèus. Au començament dau sègle XX, l'utilizacion de <a href="/wiki/Fusta" title="Fusta">fusta</a> comencèt d'èsser limitat ò enebit dins certanei vilas. Conjugat ambé l'exòdi rurau, aquò favorizèt l'emergéncia d'un urbanisme vertadier que s'inspirèt de l'arquitectura danesa e adoptèt de materiaus novèus dins l'illa coma lo betum. A partir d'aqueu periòde, leis arquitectas islandés comencèron de s'integrar au sen dei corrents arquitecturaus internacionaus (Art Nouveau, foncionalisme, modernisme... etc.) que foguèron cada còps pauc a pauc importats dins l'illa. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Glaumbaer9.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Ostau tradicional cubèrt de tepa."><img alt="Ostau tradicional cubèrt de tepa." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Glaumbaer9.JPG/120px-Glaumbaer9.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Glaumbaer9.JPG/180px-Glaumbaer9.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Glaumbaer9.JPG/240px-Glaumbaer9.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ostal" title="Ostal">Ostau</a> tradicional cubèrt de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tepa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tepa (la pagina existís pas)">tepa</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Holakirkja.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Glèisa de pèira de Hólakirkja."><img alt="Glèisa de pèira de Hólakirkja." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Holakirkja.jpg/120px-Holakirkja.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Holakirkja.jpg/180px-Holakirkja.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Holakirkja.jpg/240px-Holakirkja.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Glèisa de pèira de Hólakirkja.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:Error mw:File"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=oc&wpDestFile=Reykjavik%27s-church.jpg" class="new" title="Fichièr:Reykjavik's-church.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="120" data-height="120">Glèisa de pèira de Reykjavik (1945).</span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Glèisa de pèira de Reykjavik (1945).</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Escultura_e_pintura">Escultura e pintura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Modificar la seccion : Escultura e pintura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&action=edit&section=22" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Escultura e pintura"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'escultura e la <a href="/wiki/Pintura" title="Pintura">pintura</a> son d'arts relativament menors en Islàndia. L'escultura islandesa es principalament centrada sus l'òbra d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81smundur_Sveinsson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ásmundur Sveinsson (la pagina existís pas)">Ásmundur Sveinsson</a> (1893-1982). Es famós per seis estatuas abstrachas. La pintura islandesa fèt son aparicion dins lo corrent dau sègle XIX. Lei païsatges de l'illa foguèron la premiera fònt d'inspiracion, especialament per <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B3hannes_Sveinsson_Kjarval&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jóhannes Sveinsson Kjarval (la pagina existís pas)">Jóhannes Sveinsson Kjarval</a> (1885-1972) que venguèt famós gràcias a sei tablèus representant la vida dei vilatges e son exploracion de corrents artistics fòrça diferents (<a href="/wiki/Impressionisme" title="Impressionisme">impressionisme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Expressionisme" title="Expressionisme">expressionisme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cubisme" title="Cubisme">cubisme</a>... etc.). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Einar_H%C3%A1konarson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Einar Hákonarson (la pagina existís pas)">Einar Hákonarson</a> (nascut en 1945) es la segonda figura majora de la pintura islandesa famós per son trabalh pionier pertocant divèrsei corrents modèrnes e son trabalh de promoccion de la pintura dins l'illa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musica">Musica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Modificar la seccion : Musica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&action=edit&section=23" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Musica"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La <a href="/wiki/Musica" title="Musica">musica</a> islandesa fèt son aparicion au sègle XIII a partir de la musica tradicionala d'<a href="/wiki/Escandin%C3%A0via" title="Escandinàvia">Escandinàvia</a>. En causa de l'isolament de l'illa, a gardat de fònts d'inspiracion eissidas de la mitologia nòrdica ò dau <a href="/wiki/Cristianisme" title="Cristianisme">cristianisme</a> <a href="/wiki/Catolicisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Catolicisme">catolic</a> e <a href="/wiki/Protestantisme" title="Protestantisme">protestant</a> fins au sègle XIX. Entre leis estiles principaus, si fau nòtar lei <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%ADma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ríma (la pagina existís pas)">rímurs</a> que son de cants epics liats a a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poesia_eddica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poesia eddica (la pagina existís pas)">poesia eddica</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hannes_Bjarnason&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hannes Bjarnason (la pagina existís pas)">Hannes Bjarnason</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B3n_Sigur%C3%B0sson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jón Sigurðsson (la pagina existís pas)">Jón Sigurðsson</a> ò <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigur%C3%B0ur_Brei%C3%B0fj%C3%B6r%C3%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sigurður Breiðfjörð (la pagina existís pas)">Sigurður Breiðfjörð</a>), divèrseis imnes religiós generalament d'origina protestanta (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hallgr%C3%ADmur_P%C3%A9tursson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hallgrímur Pétursson (la pagina existís pas)">Hallgrímur Pétursson</a>) e de cants ò danças popularas aparegudas dins lo corrent dau sègle XIX a partir de la musica nòrdica primitiva modernizada ambé l'arribada d'instruments modèrnes coma l'òrgue (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Helgason&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jonas Helgason (la pagina existís pas)">Jonas Helgason</a>). </p><p>Vèrs la fin dau sègle XIX, l'introduccion de la musica europèa, principalament <a href="/wiki/Danemarc" title="Danemarc">danesa</a>, entraïnèt lo desvolopament de corrents novèus au sen de la musica islandesa. En particular, si desvolopèt una musica classica locala (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sveinbj%C3%B6rn_Sveinbj%C3%B6rnsson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sveinbjörn Sveinbjörnsson (la pagina existís pas)">Sveinbjörn Sveinbjörnsson</a> au sègle XIX, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pall_Isolfsson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pall Isolfsson (la pagina existís pas)">Pall Isolfsson</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B3n_Leifs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jón Leifs (la pagina existís pas)">Jón Leifs</a> au sègle XX) marcada per d'inspiracions germanicas e nòrdicas. Pasmens, l'evolucion pus importanta dau sègle XX foguèt lo desvolopament au sen de la populacion dei tendàncias pus modèrnas de la musica (pop, rock, metal, musica electronica... etc.) e l'aparicion de mai d'una vedeta internacionala (<a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rk" title="Björk">Björk</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Sugarcubes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Sugarcubes (la pagina existís pas)">The Sugarcubes</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Megas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Megas (la pagina existís pas)">Megas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emiliana_Torrini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emiliana Torrini (la pagina existís pas)">Emiliana Torrini</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A1ll_%C3%93skar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Páll Óskar (la pagina existís pas)">Páll Óskar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yohanna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yohanna (la pagina existís pas)">Yohanna</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Selma_Bj%C3%B6rnsd%C3%B3ttir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selma Björnsdóttir (la pagina existís pas)">Selma Björnsdóttir</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tappi_T%C3%ADkarrass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tappi Tíkarrass (la pagina existís pas)">Tappi Tíkarrass</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=GusGus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GusGus (la pagina existís pas)">GusGus</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bang_Gang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bang Gang (la pagina existís pas)">Bang Gang</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monsters_and_Men&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monsters and Men (la pagina existís pas)">Monsters and Men</a>... etc.). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literatura">Literatura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Modificar la seccion : Literatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&action=edit&section=24" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Literatura"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La literatura es un art major d'Islàndia qu'es aparegut a l'<a href="/wiki/Edat_Mejana" title="Edat Mejana">epòca medievala</a> dins l'encastre de la literatura nòrdica. Son istòria pòu si devesir entre tres periòdes principaus que son lo periòde medievau, lo periòde centrau (sègles XV-XIX) e lo periòde contemporanèu. </p><p>Dins lo corrent de l'<a href="/wiki/Edat_Mejana" title="Edat Mejana">Edat Mejana</a>, tres corrents dominèron la literatura insulària que son la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poesia_eddica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poesia eddica (la pagina existís pas)">poesia eddica</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Poesia_escaldica" title="Poesia escaldica">poesia escaldica</a> e lei <a href="/wiki/Saga" title="Saga">sagas</a> : </p> <ul><li>la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poesia_eddica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poesia eddica (la pagina existís pas)">poesia eddica</a> gropa una tiera de poemas ancians escrichs en <a href="/wiki/Noro%C3%A8c" title="Noroèc">noroèc</a> que sa redaccion comencèt probablament a la fin dau sègle X en <a href="/wiki/Escandin%C3%A0via" title="Escandinàvia">Escandinàvia</a> <a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">continentala</a>. Au sègle XIII, foguèron gropats en Islàndia dins un obratge unic dich <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Codex_Regius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Codex Regius (la pagina existís pas)">Codex Regius</a></i>. Tractan de racòntes mitologics e epics regardant lei dieus, leis eròis e lei senhors escandinaus. Seis autors son desconeguts ò son d'ara endavant considerats coma de figuras legendàrias.</li> <li>la <a href="/wiki/Poesia_escaldica" title="Poesia escaldica">poesia escaldica</a> es l'òbra de poetas que son sovent clarament identificats. Aqueleis autors èran generalament au servici d'una <a href="/wiki/Aristocracia" title="Aristocracia">aristocracia</a> appassionada de poesia e sei racòntes son principalament centradas sus leis eveniments istorics.</li> <li>lei sagas son de racòntas en pròsi escrichs en <a href="/wiki/Noro%C3%A8c" title="Noroèc">noroèc</a> que parlan generalament deis eveniments istorics dei regions germanicas e escandinavas, magerament lei migracions e lei viatges dei Vikings. Pus rarament, depintan d'eveniments mitologics ò legendaris (vida d'un sant... etc.).</li></ul> <p>Entre lei sègles XV e XIX, la literatura islandesa conoissèt un declin — relatiu car demorèt l'art principau de l'illa — amb una produccion mens importanta. Durant aqueu periòde, apareissèt l'utilizacion de formas novèlas de versificacion, lei traduccions (<a href="/wiki/B%C3%ADblia" title="Bíblia">Bíblia</a> e poetas estrangiers) si desvolopèron e lei racòntas autobiografics ò lei poemas religiós venguèron relativament populars. Doas figuras principalas marcan aquelei sègles. La premiera es <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hallgr%C3%ADmur_P%C3%A9tursson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hallgrímur Pétursson (la pagina existís pas)">Hallgrímur Pétursson</a> (1614-1674) qu'es l'autor d'un ensems de 50 poemas dich <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pass%C3%ADus%C3%A1lmar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passíusálmar (la pagina existís pas)">Passíusálmar</a></i> sus la Passion dau <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A8sus_Crist" class="mw-redirect" title="Jèsus Crist">Crist</a>. La segonda es <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eggert_%C3%93lafsson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eggert Ólafsson (la pagina existís pas)">Eggert Ólafsson</a> (1726-1768) que foguèt un poeta major dau sègle XVIII. </p><p>Au començament dau sègle XIX, apareissèt un movement important de renaissença culturala e lingüistica important dins l'illa que donèt una impulsion novèla a la literatura islandesa. La poesia li demorèt fòrça importanta (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bjarni_Thorarensen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bjarni Thorarensen (la pagina existís pas)">Bjarni Thorarensen</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B3nas_Hallgr%C3%ADmsson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jónas Hallgrímsson (la pagina existís pas)">Jónas Hallgrímsson</a>) mai d'estiles novèus coma lei novèlas fèron son aparicion. Considerat coma lo paire de la literatura islanesa modèrna, <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B3n_Thoroddsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jón Thoroddsen (la pagina existís pas)">Jón Thoroddsen</a> es ansin l'autor dau premier roman islandés. Son òbra foguèt completada per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gr%C3%ADmur_Thomsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grímur Thomsen (la pagina existís pas)">Grímur Thomsen</a> ò <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B3n_Thoroddsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jón Thoroddsen (la pagina existís pas)">Jón Thoroddsen</a> que gardèron lei tematicas eròicas tradicionalas mai introguèron tanben de genres novèus coma lo teatre dramatic. </p><p>Après aqueu periòde, s'impausèron lo realisme e lo naturalisme ambé d'escribans coma <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gestur_P%C3%A1lsson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gestur Pálsson (la pagina existís pas)">Gestur Pálsson</a> ò de poètas coma <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephan_Stephansson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephan Stephansson (la pagina existís pas)">Stephan Stephansson</a>. Si pòu pereu citar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Einar_Benediktsson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Einar Benediktsson (la pagina existís pas)">Einar Benediktsson</a> que foguèt una figura importanta dau corrent neoromantic. Au començament dau sègle XX, mai d'un autor islandés adoptèt lo <a href="/wiki/Dan%C3%A9s" title="Danés">danés</a> coma lenga d'escritura. Entre lei pus famós, si pòu citar <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B3hann_Sigurj%C3%B3nsson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jóhann Sigurjónsson (la pagina existís pas)">Jóhann Sigurjónsson</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gunnar_Gunnarsson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gunnar Gunnarsson (la pagina existís pas)">Gunnar Gunnarsson</a> e [Halldór Laxness]] que ganhèt lo Prèmi Nobel de Literatura en 1955. Enfin, après la <a href="/wiki/Segonda_Gu%C3%A8rra_Mondiala" title="Segonda Guèrra Mondiala">Segonda Guèrra Mondiala</a>, apareissèt un movement assaiant de mesclar tematicas classicas de la literatura islandesa ambé d'estiles literaris modèrnes. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Sk%C3%ADrnism%C3%A1l-748-2v.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Una pagina deis Edda."><img alt="Una pagina deis Edda." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Sk%C3%ADrnism%C3%A1l-748-2v.jpg/89px-Sk%C3%ADrnism%C3%A1l-748-2v.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Sk%C3%ADrnism%C3%A1l-748-2v.jpg/134px-Sk%C3%ADrnism%C3%A1l-748-2v.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Sk%C3%ADrnism%C3%A1l-748-2v.jpg/179px-Sk%C3%ADrnism%C3%A1l-748-2v.jpg 2x" data-file-width="599" data-file-height="803" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Una pagina deis Edda.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:M%C3%B6%C3%B0ruvallab%C3%B3k_f13r.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pagina de la saga de Brennu-Njáls."><img alt="Pagina de la saga de Brennu-Njáls." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/M%C3%B6%C3%B0ruvallab%C3%B3k_f13r.jpg/120px-M%C3%B6%C3%B0ruvallab%C3%B3k_f13r.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/M%C3%B6%C3%B0ruvallab%C3%B3k_f13r.jpg/180px-M%C3%B6%C3%B0ruvallab%C3%B3k_f13r.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/M%C3%B6%C3%B0ruvallab%C3%B3k_f13r.jpg/240px-M%C3%B6%C3%B0ruvallab%C3%B3k_f13r.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="491" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pagina de la saga de Brennu-Njáls.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Gudbrandsbiblia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bíblia islandesa de 1584."><img alt="Bíblia islandesa de 1584." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Gudbrandsbiblia.jpg/79px-Gudbrandsbiblia.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Gudbrandsbiblia.jpg/118px-Gudbrandsbiblia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Gudbrandsbiblia.jpg/158px-Gudbrandsbiblia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="913" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bíblia islandesa de 1584.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:Error mw:File"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=oc&wpDestFile=HallgrimurPetursson.jpg" class="new" title="Fichièr:HallgrimurPetursson.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="120" data-height="120">Hallgrímur Pétursson (1614-1674)</span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hallgr%C3%ADmur_P%C3%A9tursson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hallgrímur Pétursson (la pagina existís pas)">Hallgrímur Pétursson</a> (1614-1674) </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liames_intèrnes"><span id="Liames_int.C3.A8rnes"></span>Liames intèrnes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Modificar la seccion : Liames intèrnes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&action=edit&section=25" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Liames intèrnes"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Modificar la seccion : Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&action=edit&section=26" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Bibliografia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nòtas_e_referéncias"><span id="N.C3.B2tas_e_refer.C3.A9ncias"></span>Nòtas e referéncias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Modificar la seccion : Nòtas e referéncias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isl%C3%A0ndia&action=edit&section=27" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Nòtas e referéncias"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lei poders dau president son l'objècte de discussions entre lei juristas islandés car son definits d'un biais contradictòri dins la <a href="/wiki/Constitucion" title="Constitucion">constitucion</a>. D'un caire, certaneis articles li donan dei prerrogativas fòrça importantas e d'un autre caire, d'autrei partidas dau tèxte adoptan una orientacion contrària e limitan sei poders.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">En revènge, dins lo corrent de la <a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_Freja" title="Guèrra Freja">Guèrra Freja</a>, la basa de Keflavík èra un element important dau dispositiu estatsunidenc dins lo nòrd de l'Ocean Atlantic. En 1990, 37 avions <a href="/w/index.php?title=F-15&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="F-15 (la pagina existís pas)">F-15</a> e 1 900 òmes li èran posicionats. Après la disparicion de l'URSS, aqueu nombre demenèt rapidament e en 2006, li avián plus que 4 avions de combat.</span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Recuperada de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islàndia&oldid=2444789">https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islàndia&oldid=2444789</a> »</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categoria de la pagina</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Isl%C3%A0ndia" title="Categoria:Islàndia">Islàndia</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categoria amagada : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Paginas_amb_ligams_de_fichi%C3%A8rs_copats" title="Categoria:Paginas amb ligams de fichièrs copats">Paginas amb ligams de fichièrs copats</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Aquela pagina es estada modificada pel darrièr còp lo 1 agost de 2024 a 20.56.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span style="white-space: normal"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Drech_d%27autor" title="Wikipèdia:Drech d'autor">Drech d'autor</a> : Los tèxtes son disponibles jos <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">licéncia Creative Commons paternitat pertatge a l’identic</a> ; d’autras condicions se pòdon aplicar. 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