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It includes expenditure funded by transfers from international sources to government.Expenditure on education refers to expenditure on core educational goods and services, such as teaching staff, school buildings, or schoolbooks and teaching materials, and peripheral educational goods and services such as ancillary services, general administration and other activities...." /> <meta name="dcterms.issued" title="W3CDTF" content="2022-09-15" /> <meta name="dcterms.modified" title="W3CDTF" content="2024-09-10" /> <meta name="dcterms.language" title="ISO639-2" content="eng" /> <noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://uis.unesco.org/profiles/wetkit/libraries/wet-boew/css/noscript.min.css" /></noscript> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/babel-polyfill/6.13.0/polyfill.min.js"></script> <script src="https://component.uis.unesco.org/lib/js/es6-promise-3.2.2.js"></script> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="RJL0M747Ju5vg3WZTjibIpoC5rFF4XATSnb1S17HQHI" /> 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class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-bootstrap-pane well pane-entity-field pane-node-body page-body-left"> <div class="well-body"> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><h2>Definition</h2><p>Total general (local, regional and central) government expenditure on education (current, capital, and transfers), in millions PPP$ (at purchasing power parity). It includes expenditure funded by transfers from international sources to government.<br /><br />Expenditure on education refers to expenditure on core educational goods and services, such as teaching staff, school buildings, or schoolbooks and teaching materials, and peripheral educational goods and services such as ancillary services, general administration and other activities.</p><h2>Data source</h2><p>Data on education expenditure are received from country governments responding to the annual UIS survey on formal education or to the UNESCO-OECD-Eurostat (UOE) data collection. The data used to fill the questionnaire on education expenditure may come from annual financial reports prepared by the Ministry of Finance or the Ministry of Education, or national accounts books prepared by the National Statistical Office. Conversion factors to PPP$ are sourced from the World Bank.</p><h2>Source definition</h2><p>UNESCO Institute for Statistics</p><h2>Calculation method</h2><p>Total government expenditure for a given level of education (e.g. primary, secondary, tertiary, or all levels combined) in national currency is converted to PPP$, and where it is expressed in constant value, uses a GDP deflator to account for inflation. The constant prices base year is normally three years before the year of the data release. For example, in the September 2021 data release, constant PPP$ values are expressed in 2018 prices.</p><h2>Data required</h2><p>Government expenditure on education by level of education, conversion factors to PPP$.</p><h2>Interpretation</h2><p>The extent of the indicator value denotes the government policy priority for education. The pattern of the indicator over time should reflect any substantial variations in education budgets.<br /><br />When disaggregated by level of education, this indicator can informs about the emphasis of government policy priority across levels of education.</p><h2>Limitations</h2><p>As an absolute measure, the indicator essentially informs about the volume of expenditure that the government allots to education. Relating this amount, for example, to total government expenditure for all sectors including education, could be more insightful about the government policy priority for education (over other public sectors). <br /><br />In some instances data on total government expenditure on education refers only to the Ministry of Education, excluding other ministries which may also spend a sizeable part of their budget on educational services.</p><h2>Purpose</h2><p>To measure the emphasis of government spending on education.</p><h2>Quality standards</h2><p>The indicator should be produced based on consistent and actual data on total government expenditures on education and data on conversion factors to PPP$. Government expenditure on education should include those incurred by all concerned ministries and levels of administration. The fact that the fiscal year and educational year budget periods may be different should also be taken into consideration.<br /><br />The UIS maintains a global database used to produce this indicator and defines the protocols and standards for data reporting by countries.</p><h2>Types of disaggregation</h2><p>By level of education.</p></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> </div> <div class="row"> </div> <div class="row"> </div> <div class="row"> </div> <div class="row"> </div> </section> </div> </section> </div> </section> </main> <footer role="contentinfo" id="wb-info"> <div class="container"> <div class="topfooter hidden-xs"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4"> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/en/home#tabs-0-uis_home_top_menus-1">Explore Themes</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="http://data.uis.unesco.org">UIS.Stat</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/en/news">News</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/en/documents">Document Library</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/en/visualisations">Visualisation Gallery</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/en/methodology">Methodology</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/en/glossary">Glossary</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/en/blog">Data for Sustainable Development - UIS Blog</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/en/events">Training and Workshops</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 text-right"> <a href="/en/pinboard" class="btn btn-white btn-pill btn-pin">My Pins</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="bottomfooter"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6 col-md-push-6 footer-menu"> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf"><a href="http://uis.unesco.org/unesco-en.php">Privacy</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/en/about-us">About us</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/en/contact-us">Contact us</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="http://uis.unesco.org/unesco-en.php?redirect=2023">UNESCO website</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="https://twitter.com/UNESCOstat?lang=en"><i class="fa fa-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></i><span class="sr-only">Twitter</span></a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/unesco/"><i class="fa fa-facebook" aria-hidden="true"></i><span class="sr-only">Facebook</span></a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/en/news/rss"><i class="fa fa-rss" aria-hidden="true"></i><span class="sr-only">RSS</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-md-pull-6 terms-menu"> <span>©2025 UNESCO Institute of Statistics</span> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf"><a href="http://uis.unesco.org/en/employment-and-procurement">Join us.</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="http://uis.unesco.org/en/terms-and-conditions">Terms and Conditions</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer>  <script src="https://uis.unesco.org/profiles/wetkit/libraries/wet-boew/js/wet-boew.min.js?v=4.0.41"></script>   <script src="https://uis.unesco.org/profiles/wetkit/libraries/theme-gcweb/js/theme.min.js?v=9.1.0"></script> <script src="https://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/js/js_7Ukqb3ierdBEL0eowfOKzTkNu-Le97OPm-UqTS5NENU.js"></script> <script src="https://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/js/js_MRdvkC2u4oGsp5wVxBG1pGV5NrCPW3mssHxIn6G9tGE.js"></script> </body> </html>