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Mark Bradford | Yale School of the Environment

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class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-x grid-margin-x"> <div class="cell"> <div class="flexhero__image"> <div class="aspect-ratio-frame" style="--aspect-ratio: 1.2511"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/4x5z4_medium/public/content/images/5641/Bradford_Mark_2022a.jpg?itok=6GSCvgBq 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/4x5z5_large/public/content/images/5641/Bradford_Mark_2022a.jpg?itok=7fnwVyjb 2x" media="(min-width: 551px)" type="image/jpeg" width="800" height="1000"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/4x5z3_small/public/content/images/5641/Bradford_Mark_2022a.jpg?itok=JiYcFf40 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/4x5z5_large/public/content/images/5641/Bradford_Mark_2022a.jpg?itok=7fnwVyjb 2x" type="image/jpeg" width="550" height="688"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/4x5z3_small/public/content/images/5641/Bradford_Mark_2022a.jpg?itok=JiYcFf40" width="550" height="688" alt="Mark Bradford" /> </picture> </div> </div> <div class="flexhero__text"> <div class="flexhero__text--inner"> <ol class="breadcrumbs"> <li><a href="/directory/">Directory</a></li> <li class="active">Profile</li> </ol> <h1>Mark Bradford</h1> <div class="intro-text profile__position global-spacing--small"> <p>E.H. Harriman Professor of Soils and Ecosystem Ecology</p> </div> <div class="profile__split-content global-spacing--medium"> <div class="profile__info"> <div class="eyebrow">Contact</div> <p class="email-ellipsis"><a href="mailto:mark.bradford@yale.edu" rel="nofollow">mark.bradford@yale.edu</a></p> <p><a href="tel:203-436-9148" rel="nofollow">203-436-9148</a></p> </div> <div class="profile__info"> <div class="eyebrow">More</div> <ul> <li><a href="/profiles/faculty?facultytype=14" rel="nofollow">YSE Faculty</a></li> <li><a href="/forest-school" class="arrow-link tfs-green">The Forest School</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-x grid-margin-x"> <div class="cell medium-8"> <div class="wysiwyg"> <p>My work focuses on the health, biology, ecology and carbon storage potential of forest and agricultural soils. I seek to develop knowledge that allows us to estimate how environmental change and management will affect the rates of carbon stabilization and decomposition processes, and hence how the size of soil organic carbon stores change in space and time. Such quantitative knowledge is necessary to connect impacts on soils to consequences for society and the environment, and to inform efforts that seek to better manage soils to restore the benefits they provide. The overall goal of my research is to provide the understanding and data necessary for reliable estimation of global change and management impacts on ecosystems, their feedbacks to the carbon cycle-climate system, and to inform the sustainable management of forests and a productive agriculture.</p> </div> <article class="wysiwyg-alert global-spacing--default"> <p><strong>This professor is accepting doctoral students</strong></p> </article> <div class="profile__info global-spacing--default"> <div class="eyebrow">Research Topics</div> <div class="wysiwyg"> <ul> <li ><p>Applied Ecology in Managed Forests</p> </li> <li ><p>Carbon Cycle-Climate Feedbacks</p> </li> <li ><p>Soil Carbon in Agricultural Systems</p> </li> <li ><p>Soil Carbon, Litter Decomposition and Scaling Theory</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="profile__info global-spacing--default"> <div id="research-statement" class="accordion accordion--mobile" data-accordion-open-text="Click to Open" data-accordion-close-text="Click to Close" data-accordion-breakpoint="2460" > <button class="accordion__button btn"> <span class="show-for-sr"></span> <span class="accordion__button-text">Research Statement</span> <svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m15.67 7h-6.67v-6.67a.33.33 0 0 0 -.33-.33h-1.34a.33.33 0 0 0 -.33.33v6.67h-6.67a.33.33 0 0 0 -.33.33v1.34a.33.33 0 0 0 .33.33h6.67v6.67a.33.33 0 0 0 .33.33h1.34a.33.33 0 0 0 .33-.33v-6.67h6.67a.33.33 0 0 0 .33-.33v-1.34a.33.33 0 0 0 -.33-.33z" fill="#286dc0" fill-rule="evenodd"/></svg> </button> <div class="accordion__content"> <p></p> <p>Please see our <a href="https://bradfordlab.yale.edu">lab webpage</a>&nbsp;for a full description of current projects and what topics the various group members focus on.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="profile__info global-spacing--default"> <div id="teaching-statement" class="accordion accordion--mobile" data-accordion-open-text="Click to Open" data-accordion-close-text="Click to Close" data-accordion-breakpoint="2460" > <button class="accordion__button btn"> <span class="show-for-sr"></span> <span class="accordion__button-text">Teaching Statement</span> <svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m15.67 7h-6.67v-6.67a.33.33 0 0 0 -.33-.33h-1.34a.33.33 0 0 0 -.33.33v6.67h-6.67a.33.33 0 0 0 -.33.33v1.34a.33.33 0 0 0 .33.33h6.67v6.67a.33.33 0 0 0 .33.33h1.34a.33.33 0 0 0 .33-.33v-6.67h6.67a.33.33 0 0 0 .33-.33v-1.34a.33.33 0 0 0 -.33-.33z" fill="#286dc0" fill-rule="evenodd"/></svg> </button> <div class="accordion__content"> <p></p> <p><span lang="EN-GB">As a teacher, my primary goal is to develop knowledge, questioning and application of biological and ecological understanding. My advising approach is geared toward the student’s objectives, and emphasizes the value of primary research for advancing understanding and effective application of scientific evidence. Formal classes at Yale include ‘Soil Science’ (taught every other spring), 'Ecosystem Science' (residential class taught each August during Orientation), and 'Synthesizing Science for Policy and Practice' (a new practicum class tied to a specific evidence need for policy and/or practice).</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="profile__info global-spacing--default"> <div class="eyebrow">Education</div> <p>B.S., University of Exeter, UK; Ph.D., University of Exeter and Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, UK.</p> </div> <div class="profile__split-content global-spacing--default"> <div class="profile__info"> <div class="eyebrow">Areas of Expertise</div> <ul> <li><a href="/profiles/faculty?expertise=636" rel="nofollow">Carbon Sequestration</a></li> <li><a href="/profiles/faculty?expertise=645" rel="nofollow">Ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/profiles/faculty?expertise=648" rel="nofollow">Ecosystem Science</a></li> <li><a href="/profiles/faculty?expertise=663" rel="nofollow">Food &amp; Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/profiles/faculty?expertise=664" rel="nofollow">Forest Ecology and Silviculture </a></li> <li><a href="/profiles/faculty?expertise=682" rel="nofollow">Soil Science</a></li> <li><a href="/profiles/faculty?expertise=689" rel="nofollow">Urban Ecology</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <aside class="cell medium-4"> <div class="asider"> <div class="profile__info"> <div class="eyebrow">Faculty Support</div> <p>Eleanor Migliore</p> <p class="email-ellipsis"><a href="mailto:eleanor.migliore@yale.edu" rel="nofollow">eleanor.migliore@yale.edu</a></p> <p><a href="tel:203-432-5732" rel="nofollow">203-432-5732</a></p> </div> <div class="profile__info profile__info--address"> <div class="eyebrow">Office</div> <div class="wysiwyg"> <div role="tooltip" class="tooltip visually-hidden tooltip--card" id="bldg_27812139E" data-tooltip-id="bldg_27812139E"> <div class="card card--popup card--reversed blue--xlight" > <div class="card__media"> <figure class="global-spacing--small"> <div class="aspect-ratio-frame" style="--aspect-ratio: 1"> <a class="bldg-link-map-yale" target="_extmap" href="https://map.yale.edu/?id=1910#!m/559995"> <img class="bldg-img-mapbox" title="Map Locating KROON HALL" src="https://api.mapbox.com/styles/v1/pottiputtki/cjskfxdai326d1gr2miv5lgbe/static/pin-s+276bbe(-72.92342,41.316783)/-72.92342,41.316783,17,0,60/400x400@2x?access_token=pk.eyJ1IjoicG90dGlwdXR0a2kiLCJhIjoiY2pza2Z4N2QwMTV1MDQ5bno3dXA5amk1cSJ9.gTUIkMlxiWrKrkiXmBj90A"> </a> </div> </figure> </div> <div class="card__content"> <div class="card__content__inner"> <span class="eyebrow">Location</span> <div class="bldg-address-full"> <span class="yse-bldg-topbilling">KROON HALL</span><span class="yse-bldg-addr--compact"> <span class="address" translate="no"> 195 Prospect Street </span> </span> </div> <div class="bldg_links"> <p>Building Code: KRN</p> <p> <a class="elf elf-external" name="Yale Campus Map Entry for KROON HALL" target="_extmap" href="https://map.yale.edu/?id=1910#!m/559995">Directions + Accessibility</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div data-popper-arrow></div> </div> <p class="tooltip--spanwrap"><span aria-describedby="bldg_27812139E" aria-haspopup="true" class="tooltip-inside yse-bldg-topbilling">KROON HALL<a aria-hidden="true" name="KROON HALL" class="tooltip--infoicon" data-tooltip="{&quot;block&quot;:&quot;bldg_27812139E&quot;,&quot;placement&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;modifiers&quot;:[{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;offset&quot;,&quot;options&quot;:{&quot;offset&quot;:[0,10]}}]}" href="javascript:void(0)"><span style="width:1em; visibility:hidden;">More Info</span></a></span> </p><p>Room 202</p> <p> <span class="yse-bldg--compact yse-bldg-topbilling">KROON HALL</span> <span class="yse-bldg-addr--compact"> <span class="address" translate="no"> 195 Prospect Street <br> New Haven, CT, 06511<br> </span> </span> </p> </div> </div> <div class="profile__info profile__info--address"> <div class="eyebrow">Lab</div> <div class="wysiwyg"> <div role="tooltip" class="tooltip visually-hidden tooltip--card" id="bldg_1694067456A" data-tooltip-id="bldg_1694067456A"> <div class="card card--popup card--reversed blue--xlight" > <div class="card__media"> <figure class="global-spacing--small"> <div class="aspect-ratio-frame" style="--aspect-ratio: 1"> <a class="bldg-link-map-yale" target="_extmap" href="https://map.yale.edu/?id=1910#!m/560090"> <img class="bldg-img-mapbox" title="Map Locating Greeley Memorial Lab" src="https://api.mapbox.com/styles/v1/pottiputtki/cjskfxdai326d1gr2miv5lgbe/static/pin-s+276bbe(-72.924477,41.321936)/-72.924477,41.321936,17,0,60/400x400@2x?access_token=pk.eyJ1IjoicG90dGlwdXR0a2kiLCJhIjoiY2pza2Z4N2QwMTV1MDQ5bno3dXA5amk1cSJ9.gTUIkMlxiWrKrkiXmBj90A"> </a> </div> </figure> </div> <div class="card__content"> <div class="card__content__inner"> <span class="eyebrow">Location</span> <div class="bldg-address-full"> <span class="yse-bldg-topbilling">Greeley Memorial Lab</span><span class="yse-bldg-addr--compact"> <span class="address" translate="no"> 370 Prospect Street </span> </span> </div> <div class="bldg_links"> <p>Building Code: GML</p> <p> <a class="elf elf-external" name="Yale Campus Map Entry for Greeley Memorial Lab" target="_extmap" href="https://map.yale.edu/?id=1910#!m/560090">Directions + Accessibility</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div data-popper-arrow></div> </div> <p class="tooltip--spanwrap"><span aria-describedby="bldg_1694067456A" aria-haspopup="true" class="tooltip-inside yse-bldg-topbilling">Greeley Memorial Lab<a aria-hidden="true" name="Greeley Memorial Lab" class="tooltip--infoicon" data-tooltip="{&quot;block&quot;:&quot;bldg_1694067456A&quot;,&quot;placement&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;modifiers&quot;:[{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;offset&quot;,&quot;options&quot;:{&quot;offset&quot;:[0,10]}}]}" href="javascript:void(0)"><span style="width:1em; visibility:hidden;">More Info</span></a></span> </p><p>Room 106</p> <p> <span class="yse-bldg--compact yse-bldg-topbilling">Greeley Memorial Lab</span> <span class="yse-bldg-addr--compact"> <span class="address" translate="no"> 370 Prospect Street <br> New Haven, CT, 06511<br> </span> </span> </p> </div> </div> <div class="profile__info profile__info--links"> <div class="eyebrow">Affiliations</div> <ul> <li><a href="/org/yale-forests" hreflang="en">The Yale Forests</a><li> <li><a href="/org/yale-applied-science-synthesis-program-yassp" hreflang="en">Yale Applied Science Synthesis Program (YASSP)</a><li> <li><a href="/org/yale-center-natural-carbon-capture" hreflang="en">Yale Center for Natural Carbon Capture</a><li> </ul> </div> <div class="profile__info profile__info--external-links"> <div class="eyebrow">Links</div> <ul> <li><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2022-8331" rel="nofollow">ORCID</a></li> <li><a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=dIC0w2MAAAAJ" rel="nofollow">Google Scholar</a></li> <li><a href="https://bradfordlab.yale.edu" rel="nofollow">Lab Website</a></li> <li><a href="https://synthesis.yale.edu/" rel="nofollow">Applied Science Synthesis Program Website</a></li> <li><a href="/sites/default/files/2024-08/Mark_Bradford_CV_12Aug2024_0.pdf" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Mark Bradford CV</a></li> </ul> </div> <section class="profile__info profile__info--jump-links jump-nav-column"> <div class="eyebrow">On This Page</div> <ol class="jump-nav" data-jump-nav-hide></ol> </section> </div> </aside> </div> </div> </div> <section id="in-the-news" data-jump-nav-heading="In the News" class="card-slider global-spacing global-spacing--xlarge card-slider--three-up card-slider--tweezers cream global-padding global-padding--xlarge topographic-map"> <div class="section-heading text-margin-reset" > <div class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-x grid-margin-x"> <div class='initial-12 cell'> <h2 class="section-heading__heading oho-animate oho-animate-single"> Mark Bradford in the News</h2> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid--card"> <div class="slider-overflow-container"> <div class="swiper-container grid-container global-spacing--default"> <div class="swiper-wrapper"> <div class="card card--news card--reversed swiper-slide cream topographic-map" style="width: 344px;"> <div class="card__media"> <figure class="global-spacing--small"> <div class="aspect-ratio-frame" style="--aspect-ratio: .5625"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/345x200/public/2025-01/Soil-Carbon-Credits_Direct-Measurement.jpg?h=317b213f&amp;itok=mQxQDfxf" width="345" height="200" alt="Rows of crops in a large agricultural field" class="image-style-_45x200" /> </div> </figure> </div> <div class="card__content"> <div class="card__content__inner"> <span class="eyebrow">News</span> <h3 class="h4"><a href="/news/article/direct-measurements-can-reduce-uncertainty-soil-carbon-credit-markets" class="arrow-link">Direct Measurements Can Reduce Uncertainty in Soil Carbon Credit Markets</a> </h3> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card card--news card--reversed swiper-slide cream topographic-map" style="width: 344px;"> <div class="card__media"> <figure class="global-spacing--small"> <div class="aspect-ratio-frame" style="--aspect-ratio: .5625"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/345x200/public/2024-04/ferraro_landscape_14x16.jpeg?h=14212869&amp;itok=z8cCdUWG" width="345" height="200" alt="Kristy Ferraro, &#039;24 PhD" class="image-style-_45x200" /> </div> </figure> </div> <div class="card__content"> <div class="card__content__inner"> <span class="eyebrow">News</span> <h3 class="h4"><a href="/news/article/unique-research-calving-impacts-nutrient-cycle-earns-2024-bormann-prize" class="arrow-link">Unique Research on Calving Impacts on Nutrient Cycle Earns 2024 Bormann Prize</a> </h3> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card card--news card--reversed swiper-slide cream topographic-map" style="width: 344px;"> <div class="card__media"> <figure class="global-spacing--small"> <div class="aspect-ratio-frame" style="--aspect-ratio: .5625"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/345x200/public/2023-12/Roads-to-Removal-lg.jpg?h=44b879e5&amp;itok=KV2mbmvX" width="345" height="200" alt="Aerial view of forest in autumn" class="image-style-_45x200" /> </div> </figure> </div> <div class="card__content"> <div class="card__content__inner"> <span class="eyebrow">News</span> <h3 class="h4"><a href="/news/article/yse-scientists-emphasize-importance-forest-management-net-zero-emissions" class="arrow-link">Yale School of Environment Scientists Emphasize Importance of Forest Management in Reaching Net Zero Emission Goals</a> </h3> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card card--news card--reversed swiper-slide cream topographic-map" style="width: 344px;"> <div class="card__media"> <figure class="global-spacing--small"> <div class="aspect-ratio-frame" style="--aspect-ratio: .5625"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/345x200/public/content/images/4875/2021-highly-cited-square.jpg?itok=jinV6it-" width="345" height="200" alt="Bradford, Seto, Raymond, and Leiserowitz" class="image-style-_45x200" /> </div> </figure> </div> <div class="card__content"> <div class="card__content__inner"> <span class="eyebrow">News</span> <h3 class="h4"><a href="/news/article/highly-cited-researchers-list-includes-four-yse-faculty-members" class="arrow-link">‘Highly Cited Researchers’ List Includes Four YSE Faculty Members</a> </h3> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card card--news card--reversed swiper-slide cream topographic-map" style="width: 344px;"> <div class="card__media"> <figure class="global-spacing--small"> <div class="aspect-ratio-frame" style="--aspect-ratio: .5625"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/345x200/public/content/images/5515/Joe-Orefice-forest.jpg?h=171fdfca&amp;itok=0KqWU7GO" width="345" height="200" alt="Joe Orefice in the forest" class="image-style-_45x200" /> </div> </figure> </div> <div class="card__content"> <div class="card__content__inner"> <span class="eyebrow">News</span> <h3 class="h4"><a href="/news/article/healthy-forests-its-never-about-cutting-individual-tree" class="arrow-link">Healthy Forests: ‘It’s Never About Cutting an Individual Tree’</a> </h3> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card card--news card--reversed swiper-slide cream topographic-map" style="width: 344px;"> <div class="card__media"> <figure class="global-spacing--small"> <div class="aspect-ratio-frame" style="--aspect-ratio: .5625"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/345x200/public/content/images/4905/Park-Aerial-large.jpg?h=8722aa00&amp;itok=-zv_G_D_" width="345" height="200" alt="Aerial view of Central Park in New York City" class="image-style-_45x200" /> </div> </figure> </div> <div class="card__content"> <div class="card__content__inner"> <span class="eyebrow">News</span> <h3 class="h4"><a href="/news/article/protecting-our-urban-parks-impacts-climate-change" class="arrow-link">Protecting Our Urban Parks from the Impacts of Climate Change</a> </h3> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card card--news card--reversed swiper-slide cream topographic-map" style="width: 344px;"> <div class="card__media"> <figure class="global-spacing--small"> <div class="aspect-ratio-frame" style="--aspect-ratio: .5625"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/345x200/public/content/images/4875/2021-highly-cited-square.jpg?itok=jinV6it-" width="345" height="200" alt="Bradford, Seto, Raymond, and Leiserowitz" class="image-style-_45x200" /> </div> </figure> </div> <div class="card__content"> <div class="card__content__inner"> <span class="eyebrow">News</span> <h3 class="h4"><a href="/news/article/four-yse-faculty-members-named-highly-cited-researchers-list" class="arrow-link">Four YSE Faculty Members Named on the ‘Highly Cited Researchers’ List</a> </h3> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card card--news card--reversed swiper-slide cream topographic-map" style="width: 344px;"> <div class="card__media"> <figure class="global-spacing--small"> <div class="aspect-ratio-frame" style="--aspect-ratio: .5625"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/345x200/public/content/images/4456/corn-crop.jpg?itok=ZB4FuQaz" width="345" height="200" alt="corn crop" class="image-style-_45x200" /> </div> </figure> </div> <div class="card__content"> <div class="card__content__inner"> <span class="eyebrow">News</span> <h3 class="h4"><a href="/news/article/the-dirt-on-crop-insurance-" class="arrow-link">The Dirt on Crop Insurance</a> </h3> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card card--news card--reversed swiper-slide cream topographic-map" style="width: 344px;"> <div class="card__content"> <div class="card__content__inner"> <span class="eyebrow">News</span> <h3 class="h4"><a href="/news/article/five-yse-faculty-members-make-highly-cited-researchers-list" class="arrow-link">Five 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Publications</div> <div> <h3>2022</h3> <ul class="yse-publications"> <li class="initial-12 medium-4 cell global-spacing--large"> <div class="pub--title"><a href="/bibcite/reference/3272" rel="nofollow">Diverging conditions of current and potential future urban forest patches</a></div> <div class="pub--journal">ECOSPHERE</div> <div class="pub--datestring">2022</div> </li> <li class="initial-12 medium-4 cell global-spacing--large"> <div class="pub--title"><a href="/bibcite/reference/3296" rel="nofollow">Toward an improved understanding of causation in the ecological sciences</a></div> <div class="pub--journal">FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT</div> <div class="pub--datestring">2022</div> </li> <li class="initial-12 medium-4 cell global-spacing--large"> <div class="pub--title"><a href="/bibcite/reference/3331" rel="nofollow">Estimating carbon storage in urban forests of New York City</a></div> <div class="pub--journal">URBAN ECOSYSTEMS</div> <div class="pub--datestring">2022</div> 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