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class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-各国情况" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#各国情况"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>各国情况</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-各国情况-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关各国情况子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-各国情况-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-中华人民共和国" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中华人民共和国"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>中华人民共和国</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中华人民共和国-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-观点" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şəbəkə suverenliyi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_sovereignty" title="Network sovereignty – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Network sovereignty" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87" title="حاکمیت بر شبکه – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حاکمیت بر شبکه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a 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.sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91" title="互联网">互联网</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Internet_map_1024_-_transparent,_inverted.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Visualization of Internet routing paths"><img alt="Visualization of Internet routing paths" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Internet_map_1024_-_transparent%2C_inverted.png/150px-Internet_map_1024_-_transparent%2C_inverted.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Internet_map_1024_-_transparent%2C_inverted.png/225px-Internet_map_1024_-_transparent%2C_inverted.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Internet_map_1024_-_transparent%2C_inverted.png/300px-Internet_map_1024_-_transparent%2C_inverted.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption">2005年<a href="/wiki/Opte%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Opte项目">Opte项目</a>互联网一部分的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1" title="路由">路由</a>路径可视化</div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">概况</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E9%9A%9B%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E5%AD%98%E5%8F%96" title="網際網路存取">存取</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5" title="互联网审查">审查</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB" title="电子民主">民主</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">主權</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%AE%9E%E5%90%8D%E5%88%B6" title="网络实名制">實名制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E8%90%BD%E5%B7%AE" title="數位落差">数字鸿沟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E6%AC%8A%E5%88%A9" title="數位權利">数字權利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1" title="信息自由">信息自由</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="互联网历史">互联网历史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E7%88%86%E7%B4%85%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="網路爆紅列表">网络爆紅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B8%AD%E7%AB%8B%E6%80%A7" title="网络中立性">网络中立性</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="互联网先驱者列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of Internet pioneers"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E5%85%88%E9%A9%B1%E8%80%85%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="互联网先驱者列表（页面不存在）">先驱者</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Internet_pioneers" class="extiw" title="en:List of Internet pioneers"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of Internet pioneers</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E9%9A%90%E7%A7%81" title="网络隐私">隐私</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E9%9A%9B%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" title="網際網路社會學">社会学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E7%B6%B2%E9%9A%9B%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%8E%87" title="全球網際網路使用率">使用率</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%B2%BB%E7%90%86" title="互联网治理">治理</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BA%E5%9F%9F%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%B3%A8%E5%86%8C%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84" title="区域互联网注册管理机构">区域互联网注册管理机构</a>（<span lang="en-us">NRO</span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E5%8F%B7%E7%A0%81%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D%E5%B1%80" title="互联网号码分配局">互联网号码分配局</a>（<span lang="en-us">IANA</span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E5%90%8D%E7%A7%B0%E4%B8%8E%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84" title="互联网名称与数字地址分配机构">互联网名称与数字地址分配机构</a> （<span lang="en-us">ICANN</span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E7%BB%84" title="互联网工程任务组">互联网工程任务组</a>（<span lang="en-us">IETF</span>）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="互联网治理论坛" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Internet Governance Forum"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%B2%BB%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E5%9D%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="互联网治理论坛（页面不存在）">互联网治理论坛</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Governance_Forum" class="extiw" title="en:Internet Governance Forum"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Internet Governance Forum</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span> （<span lang="en-us">IGF</span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A" title="互联网协会">互联网协会</a>（<span lang="en-us">ISOC</span>）</li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E8%AE%BE%E6%96%BD" title="信息基础设施">信息基础设施</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="域名系统">域名系统</a>（<span lang="en-us">DNS</span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="超文本传输协议">超文本传输协议</a>（<span lang="en-us">HTTP</span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="互联网交换中心">互联网交换中心</a>（<span lang="en-us">IXP</span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TCP/IP%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%E6%97%8F" title="TCP/IP协议族">TCP/IP协议族</a>（<span lang="en-us">IPS</span>） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E9%99%85%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="网际协议">网际协议</a>（<span lang="en">IP</span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="传输控制协议">传输控制协议</a>（<span lang="en">TCP</span>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E4%BE%9B%E5%BA%94%E5%95%86" title="互联网服务供应商">互联网服务供应商</a>（<span lang="en-us">ISP</span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IP%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80" title="IP地址">IP地址</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E7%89%B9%E7%BD%91%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="因特网信息访问协议">因特网信息访问协议</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%80%E5%8D%95%E9%82%AE%E4%BB%B6%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="简单邮件传输协议">简单邮件传输协议</a>（<span lang="en-us">SMTP</span>）</li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">服务</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E8%AA%8C" title="網誌">博客</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E5%8D%9A" class="mw-disambig" title="微博">微博</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E9%82%AE%E4%BB%B6" title="电子邮件">电子邮件</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%BC%A0%E7%9C%9F" title="网络传真">传真</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AA%94%E6%A1%88%E5%88%86%E4%BA%AB" title="檔案分享">文件共享</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%82%B3%E8%BC%B8" title="文件傳輸">文件傳輸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E6%B8%B8%E6%88%8F" title="网络游戏">游戏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A" title="即時通訊">即時通訊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%AD%E5%AE%A2" title="播客">播客</a>（<span lang="en-us">Podcast</span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E8%B4%AD%E7%89%A9" title="网络购物">购物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86" title="网络电视">电视</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VoIP" title="VoIP">網際協議通話技術</a>（<span lang="en-us">VoIP</span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E7%BB%B4%E7%BD%91" title="万维网">万维网</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95%E6%93%8E" title="网络搜索引擎">搜索</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">指南</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><b><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="维基百科图书"><img alt="维基百科图书" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/16px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/23px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/31px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book:Internet" class="extiw" title="en:Book:Internet">书</a></b></li> <li><b><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="列表级条目"><img alt="列表级条目" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="互联网有关的文章索引" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Index of Internet-related articles"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%9C%89%E5%85%B3%E7%9A%84%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="互联网有关的文章索引（页面不存在）">索引</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_Internet-related_articles" class="extiw" title="en:Index of Internet-related articles"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Index of Internet-related articles</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></b></li> <li><b><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="互联网的纲要" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of the Internet"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E7%9A%84%E7%BA%B2%E8%A6%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="互联网的纲要（页面不存在）">纲要</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_the_Internet" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of the Internet"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of the Internet</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></b></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/28px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/42px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/56px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="407" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91" title="Portal:互联网">互联网主题</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid 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.ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ambox_globe_content.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Globe icon"><img alt="Globe icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/40px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/60px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/80px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此条目<b>論述以中国大陆為主</b>，未必有<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="Wikipedia:避免地域中心">普世通用</a>的觀點。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請<span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E4%B8%BB%E6%AC%8A&action=edit">協助補充內容</a></span>以<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="Wikipedia:避免地域中心">避免偏頗</a>，或<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E4%B8%BB%E6%AC%8A" title="Talk:網路主權">討論</a>本文的問題。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>網路主權</b>（英語：<span lang="en">Internet sovereignty</span>或<span lang="en">cyber sovereignty</span>）是一种认为在虛擬的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91" title="互联网">互联网</a>上實際存在著<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%98%E5%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="領土">領土</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%AC%8A" title="主權">主權</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="國家">國家</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%B2%BB" title="法治">法治</a>的观点与主张，因而主张「一個國家的網路系統，政府有管理的權利、也應該由一國法律所管控，不容外國干涉與入侵」。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="各国情况"><span id=".E5.90.84.E5.9B.BD.E6.83.85.E5.86.B5"></span>各国情况</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E4%B8%BB%E6%AC%8A&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：各国情况"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中华人民共和国"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E5.8D.8E.E4.BA.BA.E6.B0.91.E5.85.B1.E5.92.8C.E5.9B.BD"></span>中华人民共和国</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E4%B8%BB%E6%AC%8A&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：中华人民共和国"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B2%E7%81%AB%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="防火长城">防火长城</a></div> <p>2015年7月1日，中国第十二屆全國人大常委會第十五次會議通過《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E6%B3%95" title="中華人民共和國國家安全法">中華人民共和國國家安全法</a>》，首次明確「網絡空間主權」概念，規定：“加強網絡管理，防範、制止和依法懲治網絡攻擊、網絡入侵、網絡竊密等違法犯罪行為，維護國家網絡空間主權、安全和發展利益”。<sup id="cite_ref-caccn02_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-caccn02-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2015年12月16日，第二届<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="世界互联网大会">世界互联网大会</a>上<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%A0%E8%BF%91%E5%B9%B3" title="习近平">习近平</a>提出包括“尊重网络主权”等概念在内的“国际互联网治理四项原则”。<sup id="cite_ref-govcn01_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-govcn01-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-caccn01_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-caccn01-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%A6%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85" class="mw-redirect" title="大赦国际">大赦国际</a>在2016年中国举办的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="世界互联网大会">世界互联网大会</a>前紧急呼吁世界网络技术企业，不要接受中国政府可能的限制言论自由的行为<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="观点"><span id=".E8.A7.82.E7.82.B9"></span>观点</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E4%B8%BB%E6%AC%8A&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：观点"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="中国社会科学院">中国社会科学院</a>法学研究所副研究员支振锋认为，网络主权是对“网络无国界”观念的反驳，依据<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E7%AB%A0" title="联合国宪章">联合国宪章</a>确立的主权平等原则，网络并非自然产物，而是建立在人为设施之上，这些设施的建设和维护需要大量投入。由于网络设施位于国家领土之上，政府对其拥有<a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%A1%E8%BD%84%E6%AC%8A" title="管轄權">管辖权</a>和所有权，因此网络信息必须受国家法律管辖，虚拟空间并非“法外之地”或“无主权之地”。<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="西安交通大学">西安交通大学</a>信息安全法律研究中心主任马民虎认为，第六次联合国大会2013年6月通过“从国际安全的角度来看信息和电信领域发展政府专家组”所形成的决议，决议第20条规定“国家主权和源自主权的国际规范和原则适用于国家进行的信息通讯技术活动，以及国家在其领土内对信息通讯<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E8%AE%BE%E6%96%BD" title="基础设施">基础设施</a>的管辖权”，该条间接确认网络空间的国家主权<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>有部分人士認為中國的網絡主權與<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%B6%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="全球資訊網">全球資訊網</a>的觀念相對，是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="反全球化">反全球化</a>的體現之一。 </p><p>有意见指出，互联网本是无国界的，任何政府都不应试图对其进行控制。然而若存在网络主权边界，则会赋予国家对本国公民进行严格监控的能力，这显然违背了互联网的开放精神。<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參看"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E7.9C.8B"></span>參看</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E4%B8%BB%E6%AC%8A&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：參看"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%9D%83" class="mw-redirect" title="主权">主权</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%AC%8A" title="網路人權">網路人權</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B8%AD%E7%AB%8B%E6%80%A7" title="网络中立性">网络中立性</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E4%B8%BB%E6%AC%8A&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-caccn02-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-caccn02_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cac.gov.cn/2016-11/07/c_1119866702.htm">探讨《网络安全法》出台的重大意义 -中央网络安全和信息化委员会办公室</a>. www.cac.gov.cn. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-11-29</span>]</span>.</cite><span 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