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2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 4225</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: subsea tunnel construction</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4225</span> Challenges in the Construction of a 6M Diameter and 1.6km Long Tunnel Under Crossing a Channel in the West of Singapore</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Loh">David Loh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wan%20Chee%20Wai"> Wan Chee Wai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pei%20Nan"> Pei Nan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chen%20Zhe"> Chen Zhe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To increase the conveyance capacity to Western Singapore and to meet Singapore’s long-term water needs in a more cost-effective manner, four new transmission pipelines consisting of two 2200 mm diameter water pipes and two 1200mm diameter water pipes will be needed by 2024 to convey water from a Water Reclamation Plant to existing networks in the west region of Singapore. Out of the several possible routes studied, the most cost-effective and technically feasible route was selected to lay the proposed 1.6km-long pipelines that cross a channel via a 6m diameter subsea tunnel. This paper outlines the challenges the team faced throughout the project thus far. It also examined the difficulties such as (1) construction of a 56m-deep launching shaft near a highly sensitive 700mm diameter Gas Transmission Pipeline (GTP) and at a location with high groundwater; (2) manpower and supply disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic situation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underwater%20tunnel" title="underwater tunnel">underwater tunnel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subsea%20engineering" title=" subsea engineering"> subsea engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subsea%20tunnel%20construction" title=" subsea tunnel construction"> subsea tunnel construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waterpipe%20construction" title=" waterpipe construction"> waterpipe construction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188334/challenges-in-the-construction-of-a-6m-diameter-and-16km-long-tunnel-under-crossing-a-channel-in-the-west-of-singapore" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188334.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">33</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4224</span> Research of Applicable Ground Reinforcement Method in Double-Deck Tunnel Junction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SKhan%20Park">SKhan Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seok%20Jin%20Lee"> Seok Jin Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong%20Sun%20Kim"> Jong Sun Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Ho%20Lee"> Jun Ho Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bong%20Chan%20Kim"> Bong Chan Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Because of the large economic losses caused by traffic congestion in metropolitan areas, various studies on the underground network design and construction techniques has been performed various studies in the developed countries. In Korea, it has performed a study to develop a versatile double-deck of deep tunnel model. This paper is an introduction to develop a ground reinforcement method to enable the safe tunnel construction in the weakened pillar section like as junction of tunnel. Applicable ground reinforcement method in the weakened section is proposed and it is expected to verify the method by the field application tests. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double-deck%20tunnel" title="double-deck tunnel">double-deck tunnel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20reinforcement" title=" ground reinforcement"> ground reinforcement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunnel%20construction" title=" tunnel construction"> tunnel construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weakened%20pillar%20section" title=" weakened pillar section"> weakened pillar section</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37891/research-of-applicable-ground-reinforcement-method-in-double-deck-tunnel-junction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37891.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">415</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4223</span> Subsea Processing: Deepwater Operation and Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md%20Imtiaz">Md Imtiaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanchita%20Dei"> Sanchita Dei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shubham%20Damke"> Shubham Damke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, there has been a rapidly accelerating shift from traditional surface processing operations to subsea processing operation. This shift has been driven by a number of factors including the depletion of shallow fields around the world, technological advances in subsea processing equipment, the need for production from marginal fields, and lower initial upfront investment costs compared to traditional production facilities. Moving production facilities to the seafloor offers a number of advantage, including a reduction in field development costs, increased production rates from subsea wells, reduction in the need for chemical injection, minimization of risks to worker ,reduction in spills due to hurricane damage, and increased in oil production by enabling production from marginal fields. Subsea processing consists of a range of technologies for separation, pumping, compression that enables production from offshore well without the need for surface facilities. At present, there are two primary technologies being used for subsea processing: subsea multiphase pumping and subsea separation. Multiphase pumping is the most basic subsea processing technology. Multiphase pumping involves the use of boosting system to transport the multiphase mixture through pipelines to floating production vessels. The separation system is combined with single phase pumps or water would be removed and either pumped to the surface, re-injected, or discharged to the sea. Subsea processing can allow for an entire topside facility to be decommissioned and the processed fluids to be tied back to a new, more distant, host. This type of application reduces costs and increased both overall facility and integrity and recoverable reserve. In future, full subsea processing could be possible, thereby eliminating the need for surface facilities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FPSO" title="FPSO">FPSO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marginal%20field" title=" marginal field"> marginal field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Subsea%20processing" title=" Subsea processing"> Subsea processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SWAG" title=" SWAG"> SWAG</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33428/subsea-processing-deepwater-operation-and-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33428.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4222</span> Research on Key Technologies on Initial Installation of Ultra-Deep-Water Dynamic Umbilical</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weiwei%20Xie">Weiwei Xie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yichao%20Li"> Yichao Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The initial installation of the umbilical can affect the subsequent installation process and final installation. Meanwhile, the design of both ends of the ultra-deep water dynamic umbilical (UDWDU), as well as the design of the surface unit and the subsea production system connected by UDWDU,], varies in different oil and gas fields. To optimize the installation process of UDWDU, on the basis of the summary and analysis of the surface-end and the subsea-end design of UDWDU and the mainstream construction resources, the method of initial installation from the surface unit side or the subsea production system side of UDWDU is studied, and each initiation installation method is pointed out if some difficulties that may be encountered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20umbilical" title="dynamic umbilical">dynamic umbilical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultra-deep-water" title=" ultra-deep-water"> ultra-deep-water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=initial%20installation" title=" initial installation"> initial installation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=installation%20process" title=" installation process"> installation process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155193/research-on-key-technologies-on-initial-installation-of-ultra-deep-water-dynamic-umbilical" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155193.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4221</span> Subsea Control Module (SCM) - A Vital Factor for Well Integrity and Production Performance in Deep Water Oil and Gas Fields</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Okoro%20Ikechukwu%20Ralph">Okoro Ikechukwu Ralph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fuat%20Kara"> Fuat Kara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The discoveries of hydrocarbon reserves has clearly drifted offshore, and in deeper waters - areas where the industry still has limited knowledge; and that were hitherto, regarded as being out of reach. This shift presents significant and increased challenges in technology requirements needed to guarantee safety of personnel, environment and equipment; ensure high reliability of installed equipment; and provide high level of confidence in security of investment and company reputation. Nowhere are these challenges more apparent than on subsea well integrity and production performance. The past two decades has witnessed enormous rise in deep and ultra-deep water offshore field developments for the recovery of hydrocarbons. Subsea installed equipment at the seabed has been the technology of choice for these developments. This paper discusses the role of Subsea Control module (SCM) as a vital factor for deep-water well integrity and production performance. A case study for Deep-water well integrity and production performance is analysed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offshore%20reliability" title="offshore reliability">offshore reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production%20performance" title=" production performance"> production performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subsea%20control%20module" title=" subsea control module"> subsea control module</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=well%20integrity" title=" well integrity"> well integrity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29562/subsea-control-module-scm-a-vital-factor-for-well-integrity-and-production-performance-in-deep-water-oil-and-gas-fields" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29562.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">517</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4220</span> Practices in Planning, Design and Construction of Head Race Tunnel of a Hydroelectric Project</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Thakur">M. S. Thakur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohit%20Shukla"> Mohit Shukla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A channel/tunnel, which carries the water to the penstock/pressure shaft is called headrace tunnel (HRT). It is necessary to know the general topography, geology of the area, state of stress and other mechanical properties of the strata. For this certain topographical and geological investigations, in-situ and laboratory tests, and observations are required to be done. These investigations play an important role in a tunnel design as these help in deciding the optimum layout, shape and size and support requirements of the tunnel. The paper includes inputs from Nathpa Jhakri Hydeoelectric project which is India’s highest capacity (1500 MW) operating hydroelectric project. The paper would help the design engineers with various new concepts and preparedness against geological surprises. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunnelling" title="tunnelling">tunnelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geology" title=" geology"> geology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HRT" title=" HRT"> HRT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rockmass" title=" rockmass"> rockmass</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51807/practices-in-planning-design-and-construction-of-head-race-tunnel-of-a-hydroelectric-project" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51807.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4219</span> Development of the Accelerator Applied to an Early Stage High-Strength Shotcrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayanori%20Sugiyama">Ayanori Sugiyama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takahisa%20Hanei"> Takahisa Hanei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasuhide%20Higo"> Yasuhide Higo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Domestic demand for the construction of tunnels has been increasing in recent years in Japan. To meet this demand, various construction materials and construction methods have been developed to attain higher strength, reduction of negative impact on the environment and improvement for working conditions. In this report, we would like to introduce the newly developed shotcrete with superior hardening properties which were tested through the actual machine scale and its workability and strength development were evaluated. As a result, this new tunnel construction method was found to achieve higher workability and quicker strength development in only a couple of minutes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accelerator" title="accelerator">accelerator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shotcrete" title=" shotcrete"> shotcrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunnel" title=" tunnel"> tunnel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-strength" title=" high-strength"> high-strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81877/development-of-the-accelerator-applied-to-an-early-stage-high-strength-shotcrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81877.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4218</span> Shape Management Method for Safety Evaluation of Bridge Based on Terrestrial Laser Scanning Using Least Squares</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gichun%20Cha">Gichun Cha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dongwan%20Lee"> Dongwan Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junkyeong%20Kim"> Junkyeong Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aoqi%20Zhang"> Aoqi Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seunghee%20Park"> Seunghee Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> All the world are studying the construction technology of double deck tunnel in order to respond to the increasing urban traffic demands and environmental changes. Advanced countries have the construction technology of the double deck tunnel structure. but the domestic country began research on it. Construction technologies are important. But Safety evaluation of structure is necessary to prevent possible accidents during construction. Thus, the double deck tunnel was required the shape management of middle slabs. The domestic country is preparing the construction of double deck tunnel for an alternate route and a pleasant urban environment. Shape management of double deck tunnel has been no research because it is a new attempted technology. The present, a similar study is bridge structure for the shape management. Bridge is implemented shape model using terrestrial laser scanning(TLS). Therefore, we proceed research on the bridge slabs because there is a similar structure of double deck tunnel. In the study, we develop shape management method of bridge slabs using TLS. We select the Test-bed for measurement site. This site is bridge located on Sungkyunkwan University Natural Sciences Campus. This bridge has a total length of 34m, the vertical height of 8.7m from the ground. It connects Engineering Building #1 and Engineering Building #2. Point cloud data for shape management is acquired the TLS and We utilized the Leica ScanStation C10/C5 model. We will confirm the Maximum displacement area of middle slabs using Least-Squares Fitting. We expect to raise stability for double deck tunnel through shape management for middle slabs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bridge%20slabs" title="bridge slabs">bridge slabs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=least%20squares" title=" least squares"> least squares</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety%20evaluation" title=" safety evaluation"> safety evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shape%20management%20method" title=" shape management method"> shape management method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terrestrial%20laser%20scanning" title=" terrestrial laser scanning"> terrestrial laser scanning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40799/shape-management-method-for-safety-evaluation-of-bridge-based-on-terrestrial-laser-scanning-using-least-squares" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40799.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">245</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4217</span> Performance Analysis of Air-Tunnel Heat Exchanger Integrated into Raft Foundation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chien-Yeh%20Hsu">Chien-Yeh Hsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuan-Ching%20Chiang"> Yuan-Ching Chiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zi-Jie%20Chien"> Zi-Jie Chien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sih-Li%20Chen"> Sih-Li Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a field experiment and performance analysis of air-tunnel heat exchanger integrated with water-filled raft foundation of residential building were performed. In order to obtain better performance, conventional applications of air-tunnel inevitably have high initial cost or issues about insufficient installation space. To improve the feasibility of air tunnel heat exchanger in high-density housing, an integrated system consisting of air pipes immersed in the water-filled raft foundation was presented, taking advantage of immense amount of water and relatively stable temperature in raft foundation of building. The foundation-integrated air tunnel was applied to a residential building located in Yilan, Taiwan, and its thermal performance was measured in the field experiment. The results indicated that the cooling potential of integrated system was close to the potential of soil-based EAHE at 2 m depth or deeper. An analytical model based on thermal resistance method was validated by measurement results, and was used to carry out the dimensioning of foundation-integrated air tunnel. The discrepancies between calculated value and measured data were less than 2.7%. In addition, the return-on-investment with regard to thermal performance and economics of the application was evaluated. Because the installation for air tunnel is scheduled in the building foundation construction, the utilization of integrated system spends less construction cost compare to the conventional earth-air tunnel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20tunnel" title="air tunnel">air tunnel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20heat%20exchanger" title=" ground heat exchanger"> ground heat exchanger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=raft%20foundation" title=" raft foundation"> raft foundation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20building" title=" residential building"> residential building</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53651/performance-analysis-of-air-tunnel-heat-exchanger-integrated-into-raft-foundation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53651.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4216</span> Directional Ground Improvement Technique for Urban Tunnel Projects in Vietnam</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Le%20Quang%20Hanh">Le Quang Hanh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Almost all big cities in Vietnam are often located in the river deltas. Therefore the ground condition on these cities is mostly soft soil. As a result, the soil strengthen works are mandatory in order to prevent the harmful to the third parties and tunnel structure itself in urban tunnel projects in Vietnam. This paper will particularly introduce the large diameter jet-grouted column technique that is recently being successfully applied in Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam. The success application of this technique for protecting the historical sensitive building and for water cutoff objective of launching and arriving shafts in the urban tunnel project, will be analyzed from construction process, quality control and lessons learnt. From this situation, the large diameter jet-grouted column technique can extend to another urban tunnel projects in Vietnam and other countries which have similar soft soil conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20diameter" title="large diameter">large diameter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jet%20grouting" title=" jet grouting"> jet grouting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20improvement" title=" ground improvement"> ground improvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20tunnel" title=" urban tunnel"> urban tunnel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77585/directional-ground-improvement-technique-for-urban-tunnel-projects-in-vietnam" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77585.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">216</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4215</span> Dynamic Analysis of Double Deck Tunnel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20W.%20Kwak">C. W. Kwak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20J.%20Park"> I. J. Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20I.%20Jang"> D. I. Jang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The importance of cost-wise effective application and construction is getting increase due to the surge of traffic volume in the metropolitan cities. Accordingly, the necessity of the tunnel has large section becomes more critical. Double deck tunnel can be one of the most appropriate solutions to the necessity. The dynamic stability of double deck tunnel is essential against seismic load since it has large section and connection between perimeter lining and interim slab. In this study, 3-dimensional dynamic numerical analysis was conducted based on the Finite Difference Method to investigate the seismic behavior of double deck tunnel. Seismic joint for dynamic stability and the mitigation of seismic impact on the lining was considered in the modeling and analysis. Consequently, the mitigation of acceleration, lining displacement and stress were verified successfully. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double%20deck%20tunnel" title="double deck tunnel">double deck tunnel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interim%20slab" title=" interim slab"> interim slab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3-dimensional%20dynamic%20numerical%20analysis" title=" 3-dimensional dynamic numerical analysis"> 3-dimensional dynamic numerical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20joint" title=" seismic joint "> seismic joint </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33999/dynamic-analysis-of-double-deck-tunnel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33999.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4214</span> A Seismic Study on The Settlement of Superstructures Due to the Tunnel Construction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Abolhasan%20Naeini">Seyed Abolhasan Naeini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeideh%20Mohammadi"> Saeideh Mohammadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rapid urban development leads to the construction of urban tunnels for transport. Passage of tunnels under the surface structures and utilities prompted the changes in the site conditions and hence alteration of the dynamic response of surface structures. Therefore, in this study, the effect of the interaction of tunnel-superstructure on the site response is investigated numerically. For this purpose, Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua (FLAC 2D) is used, and stratification and properties of soil layers are selected based on the line No 7 of Tehran subway. The superstructure is modeled both as an equivalent surcharge and the actual structure, and the results are compared. A comparison of the results shows that consideration of structure geometry is necessary for dynamic analysis and it leads to the changes in displacements and accelerations. Consequently, the geometry of the superstructure should be modeled completely instead of the application of an equivalent load. The effect of tunnel diameter and depth on the settlement of superstructures is also studied. Results show that when the tunnel depth and diameter grow, the settlements increase considerably. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunnel" title="tunnel">tunnel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FLAC2D" title=" FLAC2D"> FLAC2D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=settlement" title=" settlement"> settlement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20analysis" title=" dynamic analysis"> dynamic analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118483/a-seismic-study-on-the-settlement-of-superstructures-due-to-the-tunnel-construction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118483.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4213</span> 3 Dimensions Finite Element Analysis of Tunnel-Pile Interaction Scenarios Using Abaqus Software</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haitham%20J.%20M.%20Odeh">Haitham J. M. Odeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper introduced an analysis of the effect of tunneling near pile foundations. Accomplished by three-dimensional finite element modeling. The numerical simulation is conducted using Abaqus finite element software. By examining different Tunnel-pile scenarios. The paper presents the tunnel induced pile responses, Such as pile settlement, pile internal forces, and the comments made on changing the vertical and transversal location of the tunnel related to the piles, the study contains two pile-supported structure cases, single and a group of piles. A comprehensive comparison between real case study results and numerical simulation is presented. The results of the analysis reveal the critical and safe location of tunnel construction and the positive effect of a group of piles existing instead of single piles. Also, demonstrates the changes in pile responses by changing the tunnel location. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20responses" title="pile responses">pile responses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20pile" title=" single pile"> single pile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=group%20of%20piles" title=" group of piles"> group of piles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile-tunnel%20interaction" title=" pile-tunnel interaction"> pile-tunnel interaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151131/3-dimensions-finite-element-analysis-of-tunnel-pile-interaction-scenarios-using-abaqus-software" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151131.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4212</span> Study on Monitoring Techniques Developed for a City Railway Construction </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myoung-Jin%20Lee">Myoung-Jin Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung-Jin%20Lee"> Sung-Jin Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young-Kon%20Park"> Young-Kon Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin-Wook%20Kim"> Jin-Wook Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bo-Kyoung%20Kim"> Bo-Kyoung Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Song-Hun%20Chong"> Song-Hun Chong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sun-Il%20Kim"> Sun-Il Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently, sinkholes may occur due to natural or unknown causes. When the sinkhole is an instantaneous phenomenon, most accidents occur because of significant damage. Thus, methods of monitoring are being actively researched, such that the impact of the accident can be mitigated. A sinkhole can severely affect and wreak havoc in community-based facilities such as a city railway construction. Therefore, the development of a laser / scanning system and an image-based tunnel is one method of pre-monitoring that it stops the accidents. The laser scanning is being used but this has shortcomings as it involves the development of expensive equipment. A laser / videobased scanning tunnel is being developed at Korea Railroad Research Institute. This is designed to automatically operate the railway. The purpose of the scanning is to obtain an image of the city such as of railway structures (stations, tunnel). At the railway structures, it has developed 3D laser scanning that can find a micro-crack can not be distinguished by the eye. An additional aim is to develop technology to monitor the status of the railway structure without the need for expensive post-processing of 3D laser scanning equipment, by developing corresponding software. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20laser%20scanning" title="3D laser scanning">3D laser scanning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sinkhole" title=" sinkhole"> sinkhole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunnel" title=" tunnel"> tunnel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=city%20railway%20construction" title=" city railway construction"> city railway construction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47849/study-on-monitoring-techniques-developed-for-a-city-railway-construction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47849.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">441</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4211</span> Verification of Geophysical Investigation during Subsea Tunnelling in Qatar</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gary%20Peach">Gary Peach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Furqan%20Hameed"> Furqan Hameed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Musaimeer outfall tunnel is one of the longest storm water tunnels in the world, with a total length of 10.15 km. The tunnel will accommodate surface and rain water received from the drainage networks from 270 km of urban areas in southern Doha with a pumping capacity of 19.7m³/sec. The tunnel is excavated by Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) through Rus Formation, Midra Shales, and Simsima Limestone. Water inflows at high pressure, complex mixed ground, and weaker ground strata prone to karstification with the presence of vertical and lateral fractures connected to the sea bed were also encountered during mining. In addition to pre-tender geotechnical investigations, the Contractor carried out a supplementary offshore geophysical investigation in order to fine-tune the existing results of geophysical and geotechnical investigations. Electric resistivity tomography (ERT) and Seismic Reflection survey was carried out. Offshore geophysical survey was performed, and interpretations of rock mass conditions were made to provide an overall picture of underground conditions along the tunnel alignment. This allowed the critical tunnelling area and cutter head intervention to be planned accordingly. Karstification was monitored with a non-intrusive radar system facility installed on the TBM. The Boring Electric Ahead Monitoring(BEAM) was installed at the cutter head and was able to predict the rock mass up to 3 tunnel diameters ahead of the cutter head. BEAM system was provided with an online system for real time monitoring of rock mass condition and then correlated with the rock mass conditions predicted during the interpretation phase of offshore geophysical surveys. The further correlation was carried by Samples of the rock mass taken from tunnel face inspections and excavated material produced by the TBM. The BEAM data was continuously monitored to check the variations in resistivity and percentage frequency effect (PFE) of the ground. This system provided information about rock mass condition, potential karst risk, and potential of water inflow. BEAM system was found to be more than 50% accurate in picking up the difficult ground conditions and faults as predicted in the geotechnical interpretative report before the start of tunnelling operations. Upon completion of the project, it was concluded that the combined use of different geophysical investigation results can make the execution stage be carried out in a more confident way with the less geotechnical risk involved. The approach used for the prediction of rock mass condition in Geotechnical Interpretative Report (GIR) and Geophysical Reflection and electric resistivity tomography survey (ERT) Geophysical Reflection surveys were concluded to be reliable as the same rock mass conditions were encountered during tunnelling operations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunnel%20boring%20machine%20%28TBM%29" title="tunnel boring machine (TBM)">tunnel boring machine (TBM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subsea" title=" subsea"> subsea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=karstification" title=" karstification"> karstification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20reflection%20survey" title=" seismic reflection survey"> seismic reflection survey</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138659/verification-of-geophysical-investigation-during-subsea-tunnelling-in-qatar" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138659.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4210</span> Study of the Effect of Seismic Behavior of Twin Tunnels Position on Each Other</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Azadi">M. Azadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Kalhor"> M. Kalhor </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Excavation of shallow tunnels such as subways in urban areas plays a significant role as a life line and investigation of the soil behavior against tunnel construction is one of the vital subjects studied in the geotechnical scope. Nowadays, urban tunnels are mostly drilled by T.B.Ms and changing the applied forces to tunnel lining is one of the most risky matters while drilling tunnels by these machines. Variation of soil cementation can change the behavior of these forces in the tunnel lining. Therefore, this article is designed to assess the impact of tunnel excavation in different soils and several amounts of cementation on applied loads to tunnel lining under static and dynamic loads. According to the obtained results, changing the cementation of soil will affect the applied loadings to the tunnel envelope significantly. It can be determined that axial force in tunnel lining decreases considerably when soil cementation increases. Also, bending moment and shear force in tunnel lining decreases as the soil cementation increases and causes bending and shear behavior of the segments to improve. Based on the dynamic analyses, as cohesion factor in soil increases, bending moment, axial and shear forces of segments decrease but lining behavior of the tunnel is the same as static state. The results show that decreasing the overburden applied to lining caused by cementation is different in two static and dynamic states. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20behavior" title="seismic behavior">seismic behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=twin%20tunnels" title=" twin tunnels"> twin tunnels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunnel%20positions" title=" tunnel positions"> tunnel positions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TBM" title=" TBM"> TBM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimum%20distance" title=" optimum distance"> optimum distance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5228/study-of-the-effect-of-seismic-behavior-of-twin-tunnels-position-on-each-other" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5228.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4209</span> Prediction of the Heat Transfer Characteristics of Tunnel Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seung%20Cho%20Yang">Seung Cho Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae%20Sung%20Lee"> Jae Sung Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Se%20Hee%20Park"> Se Hee Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study suggests the analysis method to predict the damages of tunnel concrete caused by fires. The result obtained from the analyses of concrete temperatures at a fire in a tunnel using ABAQUS was compared with the test result. After the reliability of the analysis method was verified, the temperatures of a tunnel at a real fire and those of concrete during the fire were estimated to predict fire damages. The temperatures inside the tunnel were estimated by FDS, a CFD model. It was deduced that the fire performance of tunnel lining and the fire damages of the structure at an actual fire could be estimated by the analysis method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20resistance" title="fire resistance">fire resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20analysis" title=" numerical analysis"> numerical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunnel%20fire" title=" tunnel fire"> tunnel fire</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50411/prediction-of-the-heat-transfer-characteristics-of-tunnel-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50411.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">442</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4208</span> The Challenge of Navigating Long Tunnels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Mohammadi">Ali Mohammadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the concerns that employers and contractors have in creating long tunnels is that when the excavation is completed, the tunnel will be exited in the correct position according to designed, the deviation of the tunnel from its path can have many costs for the employer and the contractor, lack of correct calculations by the surveying engineer or the employer and contractors lack of importance to the surveying team in guiding the tunnel can cause the tunnel to deviate from its path and this deviation becomes a disaster. But employers are able to make the right decisions so that the tunnel is guided with the highest precision if they consider some points. We are investigating two tunnels with lengths of 12 and 18 kilometers that were dug by Tunnel boring machine machines to transfer water, how the contractor’s decision to control the 12 kilometer tunnel caused the most accuracy of one centimeter to the next part of the tunnel will be connected. We will also investigate the reasons for the deviation of axis in the 18 km tunnel about 20 meters. Also we review the calculations of surveyor engineers in both tunnels and what challenges there will be in the calculations and teach how to solve these challenges. Surveying calculations are the most important part in controlling long tunnels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UTM" title="UTM">UTM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=localization" title=" localization"> localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scale%20factor" title=" scale factor"> scale factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traverse" title=" traverse"> traverse</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167413/the-challenge-of-navigating-long-tunnels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167413.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4207</span> CFD Simulation Research on a Double Diffuser for Wind Turbines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krzysztof%20Skiba">Krzysztof Skiba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zdzislaw%20Kaminski"> Zdzislaw Kaminski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wind power is based on a variety of construction solutions to convert wind energy into electrical energy. These constructions are constrained by the correlation between their energy conversion efficiency and the area they occupy. Their energy conversion efficiency can be improved by wind tunnel tests of a rotor as a diffuser to optimize shapes of aerodynamic elements, to adapt these elements to changing conditions and to increase airflow intensity. This paper discusses the results of computer simulations and aerodynamic analyzes of this innovative diffuser design. The research aims at determining the aerodynamic phenomena triggered by the airflow inside this construction, and developing a design to improve the efficiency of the wind turbine. The research results enable us to design a diffuser with a double Venturi nozzle and specially shaped blades. The design of this type uses Bernoulli’s law on the behavior of the flowing medium in the tunnel of a decreasing diameter. The air flowing along the tunnel changes its velocity so the rotor inside such a decreased tunnel diameter rotates faster in this airflow than does the wind outside this tunnel, which makes the turbine more efficient. Additionally, airflow velocity is improved by applying aerodynamic rings with extended trailing edges to achieve controlled turbulent vortices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20turbine" title="wind turbine">wind turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cfd" title=" cfd"> cfd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20analysis" title=" numerical analysis"> numerical analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50081/cfd-simulation-research-on-a-double-diffuser-for-wind-turbines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50081.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4206</span> Optimized Techniques for Reducing the Reactive Power Generation in Offshore Wind Farms in India </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pardhasaradhi%20Gudla">Pardhasaradhi Gudla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imanual%20A."> Imanual A.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The generated electrical power in offshore needs to be transmitted to grid which is located in onshore by using subsea cables. Long subsea cables produce reactive power, which should be compensated in order to limit transmission losses, to optimize the transmission capacity, and to keep the grid voltage within the safe operational limits. Installation cost of wind farm includes the structure design cost and electrical system cost. India has targeted to achieve 175GW of renewable energy capacity by 2022 including offshore wind power generation. Due to sea depth is more in India, the installation cost will be further high when compared to European countries where offshore wind energy is already generating successfully. So innovations are required to reduce the offshore wind power project cost. This paper presents the optimized techniques to reduce the installation cost of offshore wind firm with respect to electrical transmission systems. This technical paper provides the techniques for increasing the current carrying capacity of subsea cable by decreasing the reactive power generation (capacitance effect) of the subsea cable. There are many methods for reactive power compensation in wind power plants so far in execution. The main reason for the need of reactive power compensation is capacitance effect of subsea cable. So if we diminish the cable capacitance of cable then the requirement of the reactive power compensation will be reduced or optimized by avoiding the intermediate substation at midpoint of the transmission network. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offshore%20wind%20power" title="offshore wind power">offshore wind power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimized%20techniques" title=" optimized techniques"> optimized techniques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20system" title=" power system"> power system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub%20sea%20cable" title=" sub sea cable"> sub sea cable</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91131/optimized-techniques-for-reducing-the-reactive-power-generation-in-offshore-wind-farms-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91131.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">204</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4205</span> Groundwater Seepage Estimation into Amirkabir Tunnel Using Analytical Methods and DEM and SGR Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadi%20Farhadian">Hadi Farhadian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Homayoon%20Katibeh"> Homayoon Katibeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, groundwater seepage into Amirkabir tunnel has been estimated using analytical and numerical methods for 14 different sections of the tunnel. Site Groundwater Rating (SGR) method also has been performed for qualitative and quantitative classification of the tunnel sections. The obtained results of above-mentioned methods were compared together. The study shows reasonable accordance with results of the all methods unless for two sections of tunnel. In these two sections there are some significant discrepancies between numerical and analytical results mainly originated from model geometry and high overburden. SGR and the analytical and numerical calculations, confirm the high concentration of seepage inflow in fault zones. Maximum seepage flow into tunnel has been estimated 0.425 lit/sec/m using analytical method and 0.628 lit/sec/m using numerical method occurred in crashed zone. Based on SGR method, six sections of 14 sections in Amirkabir tunnel axis are found to be in "No Risk" class that is supported by the analytical and numerical seepage value of less than 0.04 lit/sec/m. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20Seepage" title="water Seepage">water Seepage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amirkabir%20Tunnel" title=" Amirkabir Tunnel"> Amirkabir Tunnel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical%20method" title=" analytical method"> analytical method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DEM" title=" DEM"> DEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SGR" title=" SGR"> SGR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26677/groundwater-seepage-estimation-into-amirkabir-tunnel-using-analytical-methods-and-dem-and-sgr-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26677.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">481</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4204</span> Effect of Piston and its Weight on the Performance of a Gun Tunnel via Computational Fluid Dynamics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20Ahmadi">A. A. Ahmadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20R.%20Pishevar"> A. R. Pishevar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Nili"> M. Nili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As the test gas in a gun tunnel is non-isentropically compressed and heated by a light weight piston. Here, first consideration is the optimum piston weight. Although various aspects of the influence of piston weight on gun tunnel performance have been studied, it is not possible to decide from the existing literature what piston weight is required for optimum performance in various conditions. The technique whereby the piston is rapidly brought to rest at the end of the gun tunnel barrel, and the resulted peak pressure is equal in magnitude to the final equilibrium pressure, is called the equilibrium piston technique. The equilibrium piston technique was developed to estimate the equilibrium piston mass; but this technique cannot give an appropriate estimate for the optimum piston weight. In the present work, a gun tunnel with diameter of 3 in. is described and its performance is investigated numerically to obtain the effect of piston and its weight. Numerical results in the present work are in very good agreement with experimental results. Significant influence of the existence of a piston is shown by comparing the gun tunnel results with results of a conventional shock tunnel in the same dimension and same initial condition. In gun tunnel, an increase of around 250% in running time is gained relative to shock tunnel. Also, Numerical results show that equilibrium piston technique is not a good way to estimate suitable piston weight and there will be a lighter piston which can increase running time of the gun tunnel around 60%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gun%20tunnel" title="gun tunnel">gun tunnel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypersonic%20flow" title=" hypersonic flow"> hypersonic flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piston" title=" piston"> piston</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock%20tunnel" title=" shock tunnel"> shock tunnel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37641/effect-of-piston-and-its-weight-on-the-performance-of-a-gun-tunnel-via-computational-fluid-dynamics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37641.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4203</span> Risk Prioritization in Tunneling Construction Projects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Nantes">David Nantes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20Gilbert"> George Gilbert</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are a lot of risks that might crop up as a tunneling project develops, and it's crucial to be aware of them. Due to the unexpected nature of tunneling projects and the interconnectedness of risk occurrences, the risk assessment approach presents a significant challenge. The purpose of this study is to provide a hybrid FDEMATEL-ANP model to help prioritize risks during tunnel construction projects. The ambiguity in expert judgments and the relative severity of interdependencies across risk occurrences are both taken into consideration by this model, thanks to the Fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (FDEMATEL). The Analytic Network Process (ANP) method is used to rank priorities and assess project risks. The authors provide a case study of a subway tunneling construction project to back up the validity of their methodology. The results showed that the proposed method successfully isolated key risk factors and elucidated their interplay in the case study. The proposed method has the potential to become a helpful resource for evaluating dangers associated with tunnel construction projects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk" title="risk">risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prioritization" title=" prioritization"> prioritization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FDEMATEL" title=" FDEMATEL"> FDEMATEL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANP" title=" ANP"> ANP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunneling%20construction%20projects" title=" tunneling construction projects"> tunneling construction projects</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157100/risk-prioritization-in-tunneling-construction-projects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157100.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4202</span> Proposal of Construction Management for Tunneling through Serpentine Rock Based on Data Obtained by Borings in Advance of Excavation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hirokazu%20Sasaki">Hirokazu Sasaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shunji%20Kanie">Shunji Kanie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is broadly known that the construction of tunnels through serpentine rock frequently encounters difficulties in keeping the construction schedule because the excavated shape of the tunnel cannot be maintained as planned due to the high expansion pressure of the serpentinite rock caused by excavation. Therefore, the tunnel lining is deformed due to large pressure, and the shoring patterns should be modified according to the properties of serpentine rock while the main excavation is undergoing. It often causes delays in the construction period and increases in the cost. For this reason, advanced borings which are the boring heading forward in advance of the main excavation are carried out, and the characteristics of the serpentinite rock are examined for their mechanical behaviors before the main excavation. However, the data obtained by the advanced borings are not fully utilized for construction management. This paper analyzes the data obtained from advanced boring at the multiple construction sites of tunnels through serpentine rock in Hokkaido, Japan. It aims to propose an appropriate construction management method to evaluate the construction period and the cost under the main excavation based on the data obtained by the advanced boring. In this study, the records of three tunnels penetrated through serpentine rocks in Hokkaido were analyzed based on 41 advanced borings. The advanced borings provide the records of boring pressure, perforated length in forward, and an abundance of serpentinite rock in the sample core, as well as their forms of existence such as lumpy, leafy, or clay-like shapes. In addition, the displacements of the excavated surfaces of the tunnels during excavation are recorded with data at the corresponding location of the advanced boring. After the excavation of the tunnel, the displacements of the inner surface of the tunnels are observed to confirm the convergence in deformation. Since the thickness of the rock cover above the tunnel is different from each other as well as the forms of existence of serpentine, there are large variations in the amount of displacement of the inner surface among these tunnels. In addition, the convergence times in the displacement are also different from each other. The authors thought that those differences could be predicted by the perforating data of the advanced boring as well as the abundance of serpentinite rock with their forms of existence. The authors conducted a statistical study to correlate the displacement of the excavated surface and the time for convergence in displacement, which are the most important factors in determining the tunnel shoring pattern. Specifically, the authors verified the relations between the perforated length of advanced borings, the clumping rate of serpentinite rock, and the amount of internal displacement of the tunnel. It is confirmed that those relationships are very helpful in deciding the required shoring pattern and useful in predicting the convergence time in displacement. This research makes it possible to evaluate the whole construction period, even under the main excavation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunneling" title="tunneling">tunneling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serpentine%20rock" title=" serpentine rock"> serpentine rock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20management" title=" construction management"> construction management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advanced%20boring" title=" advanced boring"> advanced boring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deformation%20of%20the%20tunnel" title=" deformation of the tunnel"> deformation of the tunnel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20period" title=" construction period"> construction period</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20cost" title=" construction cost"> construction cost</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/199055/proposal-of-construction-management-for-tunneling-through-serpentine-rock-based-on-data-obtained-by-borings-in-advance-of-excavation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/199055.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4201</span> Construction of Wind Tunnel for Aerodynamic </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elmo%20Thiago%20Lins%20C%C3%B6uras%20Ford">Elmo Thiago Lins Cöuras Ford</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valentina%20Alessandra%20Carvalho%20do%20Vale"> Valentina Alessandra Carvalho do Vale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jos%C3%A9%20Ubiragi%20de%20Lima%20Mendes"> José Ubiragi de Lima Mendes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study of the aerodynamics is related to the improvement in the acting of airplanes and automobiles with the objective of being reduced the effect of the attrition of the air on structures, providing larger speeds and smaller consumption of fuel. The application of the knowledge of the aerodynamics not more limits to the aeronautical and automobile industries. In that way, being tried the new demands with relationship to the aerodynamic study in the most several areas of the engineering, this work presents the stages of the project and construction of a wind tunnel for application in aerodynamic rehearsals. Among the several configurations of existent wind tunnels, opted to build open circuit, due to smaller construction complexity and installation; operational simplicity and cost reduced. Belonging to the type blower, to take advantage of a larger efficiency of the motor; and with diffusion so that flowed him of air it wins speed before reaching the section of rehearsals. The guidelines for project were: didactic practices: study of the layer it limits and analyze of the drainages on proof bodies with different geometries. For the pressure variation in the test section a connected manometer used a pitot tube. Quantitative and qualitative results showed to be satisfactory. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20tunnel" title="wind tunnel">wind tunnel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics" title=" aerodynamics"> aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air" title=" air"> air</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airplane" title=" airplane"> airplane</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18670/construction-of-wind-tunnel-for-aerodynamic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18670.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">490</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4200</span> Vegetables and Fruits Solar Tunnel Dryer for Small-Scale Farmers in Kassala</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sami%20Mohamed%20Sharif">Sami Mohamed Sharif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current study focuses on the design and construction of a solar tunnel dryer intended for small-scale farmers in Kassala, Sudan. To determine the appropriate dimensions of the dryer, the heat and mass balance equations are used, taking into account factors such as the target agricultural product, climate conditions, solar irradiance, and desired drying time. In Kassala, a dryer with a width of 88 cm, length of 600 cm, and height of 25 cm has been built, capable of drying up to 40 kg of vegetables or fruits. The dryer is divided into two chambers of different lengths. The air passing through is heated to the desired drying temperature in a separate heating chamber that is 200 cm long. From there, the heated air enters the drying chamber, which is 400 cm long. In this section, the agricultural product is placed on a slightly elevated net. The tunnel dryer was constructed using materials from the local market. The paper also examines the solar irradiance in Kassala, finding an average of 23.6 MJ/m2/day, with a maximum of 26.6 MJ/m2/day in April and a minimum of 20.2 MJ/m2/day in December. A DC fan powered by a 160Wp solar panel is utilized to circulate air within the tunnel. By connecting the fan and three 12V, 60W bulbs in series, four different speeds can be achieved using a speed controller. Temperature and relative humidity measurements were taken hourly over three days, from 10:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. The results demonstrate the promising technology and sizing techniques of solar tunnel dryers, which can significantly increase the temperature within the tunnel by more than 90%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunnel%20dryer" title="tunnel dryer">tunnel dryer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20drying" title=" solar drying"> solar drying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20content" title=" moisture content"> moisture content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fruits%20drying%20modeling" title=" fruits drying modeling"> fruits drying modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20sun%20drying" title=" open sun drying"> open sun drying</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181573/vegetables-and-fruits-solar-tunnel-dryer-for-small-scale-farmers-in-kassala" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181573.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4199</span> Aerodynamic Analysis of Vehicles in the Wind Tunnel and Water Tunnel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elmo%20Thiago%20Lins%20C%C3%B6uras%20Ford">Elmo Thiago Lins Cöuras Ford</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valentina%20Alessandra%20Carvalho%20do%20Vale"> Valentina Alessandra Carvalho do Vale</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The simulation in wind tunnel is used thoroughly to model real situations of drainages of air. Besides the automotive industry, a great number of applications can be numbered: dispersion of pollutant, studies of pedestrians comfort and dispersion of particles. This work had the objective of visualizing the characteristics aerodynamics of two automobiles in different ways. To accomplish that drainage of air a fan that generated a speed exists (measured with anemometer of hot thread) of 4,1m/s and 4,95m/s. To visualize the path of the air through the cars, in the wind tunnel, smoke was used, obtained with it burns of vegetable oil. For “to do smoke” vegetable oil was used, that was burned for a tension of 20 V generated by a thread of 2,5 mm. The cars were placed inside of the wind tunnel with the drainage of “air-smoke” and photographed, registering like this the path lines around them, in the 3 different speeds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics" title="aerodynamics">aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicle%20drag" title=" vehicle drag"> vehicle drag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegetable%20oil" title=" vegetable oil"> vegetable oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20tunnel" title=" wind tunnel "> wind tunnel </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18356/aerodynamic-analysis-of-vehicles-in-the-wind-tunnel-and-water-tunnel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18356.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">610</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4198</span> The Risk of Ground Movements After Digging Two Parallel Vertical Tunnel in Urban</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djelloul%20Chafia">Djelloul Chafia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Demagh%20Rafik"> Demagh Rafik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kareche%20Toufik"> Kareche Toufik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human activities, made without precautions, accelerate the degradation of the soil structure and reduces its resistance. Operations, such as tunnel construction may exercise an influence more or less permanent on the grounds which surrounded them, these structures alter soil it is necessary to predict their impacts by suitable measures. This research is a numerical analysis that deals the risks and effects due to the weakening of the soil after digging two parallel vertical circular tunnels in urban areas, and suggests forecasting techniques based essentially on the organization of underground space. The simulations are performed using the finite-difference code FLAC in a two-dimensional case and with an elasto-plastic behavior of the soil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sol" title="sol">sol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weakening" title=" weakening"> weakening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degradation" title=" degradation"> degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevention" title=" prevention"> prevention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunnel" title=" tunnel"> tunnel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22792/the-risk-of-ground-movements-after-digging-two-parallel-vertical-tunnel-in-urban" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22792.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">566</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4197</span> Analysis Mechanized Boring (TBM) of Tehran Subway Line 7</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahin%20Shabani">Shahin Shabani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pouya%20Pourmadadi"> Pouya Pourmadadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tunnel boring machines (TBMs) have been used for the construction of various tunnels for mining projects for the purpose of access, conveyance of ore and waste, drainage, exploration, water supply and water diversion. Several mining projects have seen the successful and economic beneficial use of TBMs, and there is an increasing awareness of the benefits of TBMs for mining projects. Key technical considerations for the use of TBMs for the construction of tunnels for mining projects include geological issues (rock type, rock alteration, rock strength, rock abrasivity, durability, ground water inflows), depth of cover and the potential for overstressing/rockbursts, site access and terrain, portal locations, TBM constraints, minimum tunnel size, tunnel support requirements, contractor and labor experience, and project schedule demands. This study focuses on tunnelling mining, with the goal to develop methods and tools to be used to gain understanding of these processes, and to analyze metro of Tehran. The Metro Line 7 of Tehran is one of the Longest (26 Km) and deepest (27m) of projects that’s under implementation. Because of major differences like passing under all geotechnical layers of the town and encountering part of it with underground water table and also using mechanized excavation system, is one of special metro projects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TBM" title="TBM">TBM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunnel%20boring%20machines%20economic" title=" tunnel boring machines economic"> tunnel boring machines economic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metro" title=" metro"> metro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=line%207" title=" line 7"> line 7</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35487/analysis-mechanized-boring-tbm-of-tehran-subway-line-7" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35487.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4196</span> Effect of Model Dimension in Numerical Simulation on Assessment of Water Inflow to Tunnel in Discontinues Rock</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadi%20Farhadian">Hadi Farhadian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Homayoon%20Katibeh"> Homayoon Katibeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Groundwater inflow to the tunnels is one of the most important problems in tunneling operation. The objective of this study is the investigation of model dimension effects on tunnel inflow assessment in discontinuous rock masses using numerical modeling. In the numerical simulation, the model dimension has an important role in prediction of water inflow rate. When the model dimension is very small, due to low distance to the tunnel border, the model boundary conditions affect the estimated amount of groundwater flow into the tunnel and results show a very high inflow to tunnel. Hence, in this study, the two-dimensional universal distinct element code (UDEC) used and the impact of different model parameters, such as tunnel radius, joint spacing, horizontal and vertical model domain extent has been evaluated. Results show that the model domain extent is a function of the most significant parameters, which are tunnel radius and joint spacing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20inflow" title="water inflow">water inflow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunnel" title=" tunnel"> tunnel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discontinues%20rock" title=" discontinues rock"> discontinues rock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30558/effect-of-model-dimension-in-numerical-simulation-on-assessment-of-water-inflow-to-tunnel-in-discontinues-rock" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30558.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> 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