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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span><i>La Caleta</i>: a Genoese fishing village</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_Caleta:_a_Genoese_fishing_village-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genoese_heritage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genoese_heritage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Genoese heritage</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Genoese_heritage-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Genoese heritage subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Genoese_heritage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Society</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Current population</span> </div> 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Gibraltarians of Genoese descent</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Genoese Gibraltarians</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Genovesi di Gibilterra</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Genoa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Genoa"><img alt="Flag of Genoa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Genoa.svg/100px-Flag_of_Genoa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Genoa.svg/150px-Flag_of_Genoa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Genoa.svg/200px-Flag_of_Genoa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Gibraltar"><img alt="Flag of Gibraltar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/100px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/150px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/200px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The Flags of <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Genoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Genoa">Genoa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Gibraltar" title="Flag of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Catalan_Bay_(La_Caleta)_in_the_late_1800s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Catalan_Bay_%28La_Caleta%29_in_the_late_1800s.jpg/300px-Catalan_Bay_%28La_Caleta%29_in_the_late_1800s.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Catalan_Bay_%28La_Caleta%29_in_the_late_1800s.jpg/450px-Catalan_Bay_%28La_Caleta%29_in_the_late_1800s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Catalan_Bay_%28La_Caleta%29_in_the_late_1800s.jpg/600px-Catalan_Bay_%28La_Caleta%29_in_the_late_1800s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div class="infobox-caption">Early view of <a href="/wiki/Catalan_Bay" title="Catalan Bay">Catalan Bay</a> or <i>La Caleta</i> (a <a href="/wiki/Fishing_village" title="Fishing village">fishing village</a> on the east side of the <a href="/wiki/Rock_of_Gibraltar" title="Rock of Gibraltar">Rock of Gibraltar</a> where Genoese fishermen settled) looking south from the top of the access road - late 19th century. The round shaped rock which juts out into the sea is commonly known as "<i>la mamela</i>" (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/mammella" class="extiw" title="it:mammella">la mammella</a>, the breast</i>), the name given to it by the early Genoese settlers as it resembles a woman's breast when viewed from the shore.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 6,000</span> (by ancestry, about 20% of the total population)<sup id="cite_ref-empire_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-empire-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Genoese_dialect" title="Genoese dialect">Genoese</a> <b>·</b> Zeneize <a href="/wiki/Genoese_dialect" title="Genoese dialect">Genoese</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Llanito" title="Llanito">Llanito</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Italians in the United Kingdom">Italians in the United Kingdom</a>, other <a href="/wiki/Gibraltarians" title="Gibraltarians">Gibraltarians</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Genoese Gibraltarians</b> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">genovesi di Gibilterra</i>) have existed in <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> since the 16th century and later became an important part of the population. It is an ethnic community made up of descendants of <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liguria" title="Liguria">Ligurians</a> who emigrated to Gibraltar during the <a href="/wiki/Italian_diaspora" title="Italian diaspora">Italian diaspora</a>. The population of Gibraltar with Genoese (or Italian) surnames is around 20% of the total.<sup id="cite_ref-empire_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-empire-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Genoese_in_Gibraltar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is much evidence of a community of emigrants from <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a>, who moved to Gibraltar in the 16th century<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that were more than a third of the Gibraltar population in the first half of the 18th century. Although labeled as "Genoese", they were not only from the city of Genoa but from all of <a href="/wiki/Liguria" title="Liguria">Liguria</a>, a northern <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian</a> region that was the center of the maritime <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Republic of Genoa</a>. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Gibraltar" title="Capture of Gibraltar">conquest of Gibraltar from Spain in 1704</a>, nearly all the original <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Gibraltarians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish Gibraltarians (page does not exist)">Spanish population</a> moved away. Among those who stayed there were 30 Genoese families, most of them forming a group resident in <a href="/wiki/Catalan_Bay" title="Catalan Bay">Catalan Bay</a> which worked as fishermen. Their main activities in the years following the conquest of Gibraltar and its formal transfer to Great Britain were not only related to fishing, but to craftsmanship and commerce.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the 1725 census, on a total civilian population of 1113 there were 414 Genoese, 400 Spaniards, 137 Jews, 113 Britons and 49 others (mainly Portuguese and Dutch).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1753 census the Genoese were the biggest group (nearly 34%) of civilian residents in the Gibraltar and up until 1830 <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> was spoken together with <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> and used in official announcements.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many Genoese in the late 18th century arrived to work for the <a href="/wiki/Garrison" title="Garrison">garrison</a> and later went on to form the basis of <a href="/wiki/Royal_Gibraltar_Police" title="Royal Gibraltar Police">Gibraltar's civilian police force</a> - the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Genoese_Guard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genoese Guard (page does not exist)">Genoese Guard</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"<i>In 1740, English Law was introduced in Gibraltar and in 1753 the first Justices of the Peace were appointed....During this period the Military Authorities were experiencing great difficulties with Army deserters going into the Kingdom of Spain and thus a group of inhabitants were recruited to act as Frontier Guards. This group became known as the Genoese Guard and in time came to serve as a rudimentary Police Force when they were called upon to support the Military Authorities when dealing with civilians. Sergeants were appointed within the Genoese Guard and their titles "Jews Sergeant" and "Spanish Sergeant" reflected their role within the sectors of the community. The Genoese Guard were subsequently disbanded sometime after the Seven Year War.</i>"<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>After <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_era" title="Napoleonic era">Napoleonic times</a> many <a href="/wiki/Sicily#Demographics" title="Sicily">Sicilians</a> and some <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscans</a> migrated to Gibraltar, but the Genoese and Ligurians remained the majority of the Italian group. </p><p>Indeed, the <a href="/wiki/Genoese_dialect" title="Genoese dialect">Genoese dialect</a> was spoken in Catalan Bay well into the 20th century, dying out in the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joebossano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Joebossano.jpg" decoding="async" width="179" height="230" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="179" data-file-height="230" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Joe_Bossano" title="Joe Bossano">Joe Bossano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Gibraltar" title="Chief Minister of Gibraltar">Chief Minister of Gibraltar</a> from 1988 to 1996, is of Genoese descent.</figcaption></figure> <p>Today, the descendants of the Genoese community of Gibraltar consider themselves <i>Gibraltarians</i> and most of them promote the autonomy of Gibraltar.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Their most renowned representatives are: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Bossano" title="Joe Bossano">Joe Bossano</a> (chief minister of Gibraltar for eight years), <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Canepa" title="Adolfo Canepa">Adolfo Canepa</a> (chief minister in 1987) and <a href="/wiki/Kaiane_Aldorino" title="Kaiane Aldorino">Kaiane Aldorino</a> (Miss World 2009<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="La_Caleta:_a_Genoese_fishing_village"><i>La Caleta</i>: a Genoese fishing village</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Genoese_in_Gibraltar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: La Caleta: a Genoese fishing village"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically, Catalan Bay (called originally <i>La Caleta</i>) had been populated by Genoese fishermen who were part of a much larger settlement pattern along the eastern coast of The Rock during the 17th and 18th centuries. </p><p>In the 18th century the Genoese dialect was so widely spoken in Gibraltar that Government notices were also published in <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> (alongside <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>). Genoese was spoken by most people in <i>La Caleta</i> well into the 19th century, dying out in the late decades of the 20th century (in the 1970s researcher Fiorenzo Toso interviewed old La Caleta fishermen speaking some genoese words <sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p><p>There has been some discussion that the British may have mixed up <a href="/wiki/Catalan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan people">Catalans</a> with Genoese but it is by no means clear why they would suffer such a confusion especially since there is other evidence which demonstrates that the British were perfectly aware that the residents of <i>La Caleta</i> were Genoese: the orders for the siege of 1727 refer to this bay as the <i>Genoese Cove</i> and the numerous 18th and 19th century census record large numbers of people born in Genoa, not in <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a>. It is even possible a confusion between the letters of "Calata" and "Catala" in the early English pronunciation of the Bay.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 19th century only fishermen were permitted to live in <i>Catalan Bay</i>. The families who live in the village today are mainly descendants of these Genoese fishermen and are colloquially known as <i>caleteños</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genoese_heritage">Genoese heritage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Genoese_in_Gibraltar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Genoese heritage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Genoese_in_Gibraltar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Genoese <a href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage" title="Cultural heritage">heritage</a> is evident throughout Gibraltar but especially in the <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a> of the town's older buildings which are influenced by traditional Genoese housing styles featuring internal <a href="/wiki/Courtyard" title="Courtyard">courtyards</a> (also known as "patios"). </p><p>Until the 1980s, most Gibraltarians lived densely packed around these communal patios.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A prominent feature of Gibraltar's architecture is the traditional Genoese wooden <a href="/wiki/Window_shutter" title="Window shutter">window shutters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Genoese_in_Gibraltar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_cuisine" title="Gibraltarian cuisine">Gibraltarian cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Farinata_di_Imperia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Farinata_di_Imperia.jpg/220px-Farinata_di_Imperia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Farinata_di_Imperia.jpg/330px-Farinata_di_Imperia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Farinata_di_Imperia.jpg/440px-Farinata_di_Imperia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Gibraltarian <i>Calentita</i> is very similar to the Genoese <a href="/wiki/Farinata" title="Farinata">Farinata</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Many of the <a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_cuisine" title="Gibraltarian cuisine">Gibraltarian cuisine</a>'s roots also lie in Genoa. The most notable dish of Genoese origin (in spite of its Spanish name) is Gibraltar's <a href="/wiki/National_dish" title="National dish">national dish</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Calentita" class="mw-redirect" title="Calentita">calentita</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a <a href="/wiki/Gram_flour" title="Gram flour">chickpea flour</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Flatbread" title="Flatbread">flatbread</a> similar to the <a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Italian</a> <a href="/wiki/Farinata" title="Farinata">farinata</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Even the Gibraltarian <a href="/wiki/Panissa" class="mw-redirect" title="Panissa">panissa</a>, a bread-like dish similar to the calentita, shares its Italian origins: it is a descendant of the Genoese dish with the same name "panissa". </p><p>Other important Gibraltarian dishes such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosto_(food)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosto (food) (page does not exist)">rosto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penne" title="Penne">penne</a> and meat in a <a href="/wiki/Tomato_sauce" title="Tomato sauce">tomato sauce</a>, is also of Genoese origin.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Society">Society</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Genoese_in_Gibraltar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Society"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Genoese heritage is also present in the upper strata of Gibraltarian society: this class consists of a few families of Genoese origin. </p><p>While the upper middle class consists of Catholic, Jewish, and Hindu merchants and lawyers, the working class is made up of families of Spanish, Maltese, and Italian (mainly <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicilian</a>) origin.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_population">Current population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Genoese_in_Gibraltar&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Current population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The present-day descendants of the Genoese settlers in Gibraltar are fully integrated as <i>Gibraltarians</i>. The Genoese of Gibraltar number about 6,000, corresponding to about 20% of the total population.<sup id="cite_ref-empire_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-empire-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This group is integrated in the Gibraltarian society and there it is no association related specifically to them. The Genoese in Gibraltar have left partially their presence even in the <a href="/wiki/Llanito" title="Llanito">Llanito</a>, the local Gibraltarian dialect used by most of the descendants of these Ligurians, that has nearly 700 words borrowed from the Genoese dialect. </p><p>Some scholars (like <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Cavilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel Cavilla (page does not exist)">Manuel Cavilla</a>) believe that the word "<i>Llanito</i>" is of Italian origin, because it comes from the common diminutive of the Italian name Gianni (John in English), pronounced in the Genoese dialect "iannito".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the Italian scholar Giulio Vignoli, "Llanito" originally -in the first decades of the 19th century- was full of Genoese words, later substituted mainly by Spanish words and by some English words.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research_on_Genoese_surnames_in_Gibraltar">Research on Genoese surnames in Gibraltar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Genoese_in_Gibraltar&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Research on Genoese surnames in Gibraltar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Recent research by Fiorenzo Toso in 2000 about the names of Gibraltarian families of Genoese origins was: <i>based on original research and deals with the Ligurian origin of many of the surnames currently found in Gibraltar. It points out the areas of origin of these surnames, discusses their etymology and gives their present frequency. Remarks are made on Liguria's historical importance in this locality, and above all on the linguistic, ethnographic and cultural consequences of this influence.</i><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From this research appears clearly that most of the emigration from the Italian region <a href="/wiki/Liguria" title="Liguria">Liguria</a> was from the areas of <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Savona" title="Savona">Savona</a>, and some Sicilian surnames (like Caruana) are mistakenly believed to be <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Maltese</a> (while are from <a href="/wiki/Sicily#Demographics" title="Sicily">Sicilians</a> emigrated to Malta during the Italian <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>). </p><p>These are the most common Genoese surnames in Gibraltar, according to Toso's research. The number of Gibraltarians who have these names, according to Gibraltar's Yellow Pages are provided in parentheses. </p> <ul><li>Parody (45), Baglietto (45), Danino (33), Olivero (50), Robba (32), Montegriffo (34), Chipolina (25),<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ferrary (35), Ramagge (24), Picardo (6), Isola (24), Canepa (12), Cavilla (14) and Bossano (15).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Genoese_in_Gibraltar&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaiane_Aldorino.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Kaiane_Aldorino.jpg/180px-Kaiane_Aldorino.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Kaiane_Aldorino.jpg/270px-Kaiane_Aldorino.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Kaiane_Aldorino.jpg/360px-Kaiane_Aldorino.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="693" /></a><figcaption>Kaiane Aldorino, Miss World 2009, during her homecoming celebrations in Gibraltar</figcaption></figure> <p>Notable Gibraltarians of Genoese descent include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaiane_Aldorino" title="Kaiane Aldorino">Kaiane Aldorino</a> (<a href="/wiki/Miss_World_2009" title="Miss World 2009">Miss World 2009</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Bossano" title="Joe Bossano">Joe Bossano</a> (Chief Minister 1988–1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Canepa" title="Adolfo Canepa">Adolfo Canepa</a> (Chief Minister 1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Cavilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Stuart Cavilla">Stuart Cavilla</a> (<a href="/wiki/Breed_77" title="Breed 77">Breed 77</a> bassist)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Galliano" title="John Galliano">John Galliano</a> (Fashion designer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Isola" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Isola">Paul Isola</a> (Breed 77 vocalist)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Isola" title="Peter Isola">Peter Isola</a> (<a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Gibraltar" title="Politics of Gibraltar">politician</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krystle_Robba" class="mw-redirect" title="Krystle Robba">Krystle Robba</a> (<a href="/wiki/Miss_Gibraltar" title="Miss Gibraltar">Miss Gibraltar</a> 2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabian_Picardo" title="Fabian Picardo">Fabian Picardo</a> (Chief Minister 2011–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Risso" title="Albert Risso">Albert Risso</a> Trade Unionist and Politician</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Genoese_in_Gibraltar&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/32px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/48px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/64px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Italy" title="Portal:Italy">Italy portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/32px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/48px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/64px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Gibraltar" title="Portal:Gibraltar">Gibraltar portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Gibraltar" title="History of the Jews in Gibraltar">History of the Jews in Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Maltese_in_Gibraltar" title="History of the Maltese in Gibraltar">History of the Maltese in Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarians" title="Gibraltarians">Gibraltarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Gibraltar" title="Languages of Gibraltar">Languages of Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Genoa" title="History of Genoa">History of Genoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_diaspora" title="Italian diaspora">Italian diaspora</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Genoese_in_Gibraltar&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-empire-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-empire_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-empire_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-empire_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEdward_G._Archer2006" class="citation book cs1">Edward G. Archer (2006). "Ethnic factors". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2ip0C6odET4C"><i>Gibraltar, identity and empire</i></a>. Routledge. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-34796-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-34796-9"><bdi>978-0-415-34796-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ethnic+factors&rft.btitle=Gibraltar%2C+identity+and+empire&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-415-34796-9&rft.au=Edward+G.+Archer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2ip0C6odET4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+Genoese+in+Gibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.balbisei.unige.it/TomoII.pdf">Genoese in Cadiz p. 24 (in Italian):<i>...the Zaccaria, Spinola, Di Negro, Adorno and Boccanegra settled in Cadiz and their descendants moved to other nearby cities (Cordova, Jerez, Siviglia, <b>Gibilterra</b>)...</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070822103604/http://www.balbisei.unige.it/TomoII.pdf">Archived</a> 2007-08-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Archer, Edward G.: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2ip0C6odET4C&pg=PP1"><i>Gibraltar, identity and empire</i></a>, pag. 37. Routledge Advances in European Politics.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.storico.org/Gibilterra.htm">Rosselli: The Genoese community of Gibraltar (in Italian)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110728064632/http://www.storico.org/Gibilterra.htm">Archived</a> 2011-07-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Levey, David: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VKW6uqxsj4YC&q=french+gibraltar+ethnic&pg=PA24"><i>Language change and variation in Gibraltar</i>, page 24. John Benjamins Publishing Company.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.police.gi/1/index.php/rgp/the-organisation.html">History of the Royal Gibraltar Police</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fiorenzo Toso. <i>Linguistica di aree laterali ed estreme. Contatto, interferenza, colonie linguistiche e "isole" culturali nel Mediterraneo occidentale</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/1996/maggio/17/Gibilterra_voto_per_chiudere_paradiso_co_8_960517781.shtml">Excerpt from Corriere della Sera (in Italian)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.missgibraltar.gi/content/">Kaiane Aldorino</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100110130829/http://www.missgibraltar.gi/content/">Archived</a> 2010-01-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fiorenzo Toso. <i>Linguistica di aree laterali ed estreme</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.discovergibraltar.com">Discovergibraltar.com - <i>Catalan Bay</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120626103203/http://www.discovergibraltar.com/">Archived</a> 2012-06-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.everyculture.com/Ge-It/Gibraltar.html#ixzz0aLeONnUy">Genoese Gibraltar</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gib.gi/museum/HMag%20V1%20I2%20P5.htm">Gibraltar’s Architecture - The Story of a People</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070831190021/http://www.gib.gi/museum/HMag+V1+I2+P5.htm">Archived</a> 2007-08-31 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100217094642/http://italianfood.about.com/od/chickpeaslentils/r/blr0714.htm">"Calentita: Gibraltarian national dish"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://italianfood.about.com/od/chickpeaslentils/r/blr0714.htm">the original</a> on 2010-02-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-12-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Calentita%3A+Gibraltarian+national+dish&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fitalianfood.about.com%2Fod%2Fchickpeaslentils%2Fr%2Fblr0714.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+Genoese+in+Gibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gib.gi/museum/HMag%20V1%20I2%20P8.htm">Traditional Gibraltarian Recipes and their Origins</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013234027/http://www.gib.gi/museum/HMag%20V1%20I2%20P8.htm">Archived</a> 2007-10-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://grupogastronomicogaditano.com/Articulos/CocinaCampoGibraltar.htm">An overview of the Campo de Gibraltar's cuisine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3401700098.html">Gibraltar social stratification</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Levey, David. <i>Language change and variation in Gibraltar</i> p. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vignoli, Giulio. "Gli Italiani Dimenticati". Chapter: Gibilterra.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.raco.cat/index.php/Estudis/article/view/223207/304011">Research on genoese surnames in Gibraltar (in Italian)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://neville-chipulina.blogspot.com/">History of the Chipulina family in Gibraltar</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160814124219/http://gibyellow.gi/result?query=Bossano&type=residential">"Home - GibYellow.gi"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gibyellow.gi/result?query=Bossano&type=residential">the original</a> on August 14, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home+-+GibYellow.gi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgibyellow.gi%2Fresult%3Fquery%3DBossano%26type%3Dresidential&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+Genoese+in+Gibraltar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Genoese_in_Gibraltar&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Archer, Edward. <i>Gibraltar, identity and empire</i>. Volume 33 of "Routledge advances in European politics". Routledge. London, 2006 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-34796-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-34796-3">0-415-34796-3</a></li> <li>Kramer, Johannes. <i>English and Spanish in Gibraltar</i>. Helmut Buske. Hamburg, 1986</li> <li>Levey, David. <i>Language change and variation in Gibraltar</i>. John Benjamins Publishing Company. London, 2008 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-272-1862-5" title="Special:BookSources/90-272-1862-5">90-272-1862-5</a></li> <li>Sancho de Sopranis. <i>Los Genoveses en Cadiz antes de 1600</i>. "Cuaderno n° 4 of the Sociedad de Estudios Historicos de Jerez de la Frontera" (addition n° 2). Larache. 1939</li> <li>Toso, Fiorenzo. <i>Una lingua del mare. Il Genovese tra Liguria e Mediterraneo</i>. Atti del Convegno Internazionale di Studi (Genova-Arenzano, novembre 1998).</li> <li>Toso, Fiorenzo. <i>Linguistica di aree laterali ed estreme. Contatto, interferenza, colonie linguistiche e "isole" culturali nel Mediterraneo occidentale</i>. Le Mani editori (Udine, Centro Internazionale sul Plurilinguismo) Recco, 2008</li> <li>Vignoli, Giulio. <i>Gli Italiani Dimenticati</i> Ed. Giuffè. Roma, 2000</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Gibraltar</span></a> topics  <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/15px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/30px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:red;color:white;"><div id="History1010" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Gibraltar" title="History of Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">History</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neanderthals_in_Gibraltar" title="Neanderthals in Gibraltar">Neanderthals in Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_history_of_Gibraltar" title="Timeline of the history of Gibraltar">Timeline</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_sieges_of_Gibraltar" title="List of sieges of Gibraltar">sieges</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pillars_of_Hercules" title="Pillars of Hercules">Pillars of Hercules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Siege_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="First Siege of Gibraltar">First Siege of Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gibraltar_(1607)" title="Battle of Gibraltar (1607)">Battle of Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Gibraltar" title="Capture of Gibraltar">Capture of Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Rooke" title="George Rooke">George Rooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Utrecht" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Utrecht">Treaty of Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Siege_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirteenth Siege of Gibraltar">Thirteenth Siege of Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Siege_of_Gibraltar" title="Great Siege of Gibraltar">Great Siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Augustus_Eliott,_1st_Baron_Heathfield" title="George Augustus Eliott, 1st Baron Heathfield">George Augustus Eliott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_real" title="Gibraltar real">Gibraltar real <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Gibraltar_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Gibraltar during World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_nationality_in_Gibraltar" title="History of nationality in Gibraltar">Nationality</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Genoese in Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Maltese_in_Gibraltar" title="History of the Maltese in Gibraltar">Maltese in Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explosion_of_the_RFA_Bedenham" title="Explosion of the RFA Bedenham">Explosion of the RFA <i>Bedenham</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Flavius" title="Operation Flavius">Operation Flavius</a> (<a href="/wiki/Death_on_the_Rock" title="Death on the Rock">Death on the Rock</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Aurora_(2000)#2003:_Norwalk_virus_breakout" title="MV Aurora (2000)"><i>Aurora</i> incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_New_Flame" title="MV New Flame"><i>New Flame</i> incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Fedra" title="MV Fedra"><i>Fedra</i> incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gibraltar" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Gibraltar">COVID-19</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar"><img alt="Gibraltar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Arms_of_Gibraltar_%28Variant%29.svg/80px-Arms_of_Gibraltar_%28Variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Arms_of_Gibraltar_%28Variant%29.svg/120px-Arms_of_Gibraltar_%28Variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Arms_of_Gibraltar_%28Variant%29.svg/160px-Arms_of_Gibraltar_%28Variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="511" data-file-height="609" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:red;color:white;"><div id="Geography1010" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Geography</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Gibraltar" title="Climate of Gibraltar">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula" title="Geology of the Iberian Peninsula">Geology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azores%E2%80%93Gibraltar_transform_fault" title="Azores–Gibraltar transform fault">Azores–Gibraltar transform fault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Arc" title="Gibraltar Arc">Gibraltar Arc</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Environment_of_Gibraltar" title="Category:Environment of Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Environment</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Gibraltar" title="List of birds of Gibraltar">Birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Gibraltar" title="List of mammals of Gibraltar">Mammals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbary_macaques_in_Gibraltar" title="Barbary macaques in Gibraltar">Barbary macaques</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_amphibians_and_reptiles_of_Gibraltar" title="List of amphibians and reptiles of Gibraltar">Reptiles and amphibians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberis_gibraltarica" title="Iberis gibraltarica">Candytuft <span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>Iberis gibraltarica</i>)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Botanic_Gardens" title="Gibraltar Botanic Gardens">Botanic Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Ornithological_%26_Natural_History_Society" title="Gibraltar Ornithological & Natural History Society">Ornithological & Natural History Society (GONHS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alameda_Wildlife_Conservation_Park" title="Alameda Wildlife Conservation Park">Wildlife Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Natural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Gibraltar" title="Bay of Gibraltar">Bay of Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Bay" title="Catalan Bay">Catalan Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Beach,_Gibraltar" title="Eastern Beach, Gibraltar">Eastern Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorham%27s_Cave" title="Gorham's Cave">Gorham's Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_of_Gibraltar" title="Rock of Gibraltar">Rock of Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Cave" title="St. Michael's Cave">St. Michael's Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Bay,_Gibraltar" title="Sandy Bay, Gibraltar">Sandy Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Gibraltar" title="Strait of Gibraltar">Strait of Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_Cave" title="Vanguard Cave">Vanguard Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windmill_Hill_(Gibraltar)" title="Windmill Hill (Gibraltar)">Windmill Hill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Gibraltar" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Built</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Hotel,_Gibraltar" title="Bristol Hotel, Gibraltar">Bristol Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_City_Hall" title="Gibraltar City Hall">City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Convent_(Gibraltar)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Convent (Gibraltar)">The Convent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrison_Library" title="Garrison Library">Garrison Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_George_V_Hospital_(Gibraltar)" title="King George V Hospital (Gibraltar)">King George V Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorish_Castle" title="Moorish Castle">Moorish Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rock_Hotel" title="The Rock Hotel">The Rock Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Bernard%27s_Hospital" title="St Bernard's Hospital">St. Bernard's Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:red;color:white;"><div id="Politics_and_Government1010" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Gibraltar" title="Politics of Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Politics and Government</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Gibraltar" title="Constitution of Gibraltar">Constitution Order</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Constitution_Order_1969" title="Gibraltar Constitution Order 1969">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Constitution_Order_2006" title="Gibraltar Constitution Order 2006">2006</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Gibraltar" title="Law of Gibraltar">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Gibraltar" title="Judiciary of Gibraltar">court system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Gibraltar">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_passport_(Gibraltar)" title="British passport (Gibraltar)">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_development_in_modern_Gibraltar" title="Political development in modern Gibraltar">Political development in modern Gibraltar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Gibraltar" title="Chief Minister of Gibraltar">Chief Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Gibraltar" title="Governor of Gibraltar">Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Gibraltar" title="Mayor of Gibraltar">Mayor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Gibraltar" title="Politics of Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Political issues</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Swan_Project" title="Black Swan Project">Black Swan Project controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disputed_status_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Disputed status of Gibraltar">Disputed status</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disputed_status_of_the_isthmus_between_Gibraltar_and_Spain" title="Disputed status of the isthmus between Gibraltar and Spain">isthmus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Gibraltar" title="Elections in Gibraltar">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2007_Gibraltar_general_election" title="2007 Gibraltar general election">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Gibraltar_general_election" title="2011 Gibraltar general election">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Gibraltar_general_election" title="2015 Gibraltar general election">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Gibraltar_general_election" title="2019 Gibraltar general election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Gibraltar_general_election" title="2023 Gibraltar general election">2023</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Parliament" title="Gibraltar Parliament">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Gibraltar_Parliament" title="Speaker of the Gibraltar Parliament">Speaker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Gibraltar" title="List of political parties in Gibraltar">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereignty referendums</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1967_Gibraltar_sovereignty_referendum" title="1967 Gibraltar sovereignty referendum">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Gibraltar_sovereignty_referendum" title="2002 Gibraltar sovereignty referendum">2002</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">EU referendum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Referendum)_Act_2016_(Gibraltar)" title="European Union (Referendum) Act 2016 (Gibraltar)">European Union (Referendum) Act 2016 (Gibraltar)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Military</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Forces_Gibraltar" title="British Forces Gibraltar">British Forces Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Defence_Police" title="Gibraltar Defence Police">Gibraltar Defence Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Squadron" title="Gibraltar Squadron">Gibraltar Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napier_of_Magdala_Battery" title="Napier of Magdala Battery">Napier of Magdala Battery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Gibraltar" title="RAF Gibraltar">RAF Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Gibraltar_Police" title="Royal Gibraltar Police">Royal Gibraltar Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Gibraltar_Regiment" title="Royal Gibraltar Regiment">Royal Gibraltar Regiment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:red;color:white;"><div id="Economy1010" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Gibraltar" title="Economy of Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Economy</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Gibraltar" title="List of banks in Gibraltar">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_pound" title="Gibraltar pound">Gibraltar pound</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_Gibraltar_pound" class="mw-redirect" title="Coins of the Gibraltar pound">coins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Stock_Exchange" title="Gibraltar Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Gibraltar" title="Taxation in Gibraltar">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Gibraltar" title="Tourism in Gibraltar">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Gibraltar" title="Communications in Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Communications</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.gi" title=".gi">.gi <span style="font-size:85%;">(Internet domain)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Gibraltar Broadcasting Corporation">Gibraltar Broadcasting Corporation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Chronicle" title="Gibraltar Chronicle">Gibraltar Chronicle</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibtelecom" title="Gibtelecom">Gibtelecom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panorama_(Gibraltar)" title="Panorama (Gibraltar)">Panorama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Regulatory_Authority" title="Gibraltar Regulatory Authority">Regulatory Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Gibraltar_Post_Office" title="Royal Gibraltar Post Office">Royal Gibraltar Post Office</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Gibraltar" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Gibraltar">postage stamps and history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_orders_of_Gibraltar" title="Postal orders of Gibraltar">postal orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Study_Circle" title="Gibraltar Study Circle">Study Circle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Gibraltar" title="Telephone numbers in Gibraltar">Telephone numbers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Gibraltar" title="Transport in Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Transport</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_International_Airport" title="Gibraltar International Airport">Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Cable_Car" title="Gibraltar Cable Car">Cable car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar%E2%80%93Spain_border" title="Gibraltar–Spain border">Gibraltar–Spain border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipping_in_Gibraltar" title="Shipping in Gibraltar">Shipping in Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Gibraltar" title="Vehicle registration plates of Gibraltar">Vehicle registration plates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:red;color:white;"><div id="Culture1010" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Gibraltar" title="Culture of Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Culture</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_cuisine" title="Gibraltarian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Gibraltar" title="Education in Gibraltar">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayside_Comprehensive_School" title="Bayside Comprehensive School">Bayside Comprehensive School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westside_School,_Gibraltar" title="Westside School, Gibraltar">Westside School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Gibraltar" title="University of Gibraltar">University of Gibraltar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss_Gibraltar" title="Miss Gibraltar">Miss Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Gibraltar" title="Music of Gibraltar">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ll%C3%A9vame_Donde_Nac%C3%AD" title="Llévame Donde Nací">Llévame Donde Nací</a></li></ul></li> <li>Gibraltar Fair</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_National_Day" title="Gibraltar National Day">National Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Gibraltar" title="Public holidays in Gibraltar">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scouting_and_Guiding_in_Gibraltar" title="Scouting and Guiding in Gibraltar">Scouting and Guiding in Gibraltar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Gibraltar" title="Demographics of Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Demographics</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarians" title="Gibraltarians">Gibraltarians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gibraltarians" title="List of Gibraltarians">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Gibraltarians in the United Kingdom">in the UK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_status" title="Gibraltarian status">Gibraltarian status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Gibraltar" title="Languages of Gibraltar">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanito" title="Llanito">Llanito</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Religion</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Christianity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Anglicanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_in_Europe" title="Diocese in Europe">Diocese in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_in_Europe" title="Bishop in Europe">Bishop diocesan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffragan_Bishop_in_Europe" title="Suffragan Bishop in Europe">Bishop suffragan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Trinity,_Gibraltar" title="Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, Gibraltar">Cathedral of the Holy Trinity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Andrew%27s_Church,_Gibraltar" title="St Andrew's Church, Gibraltar">St. Andrew's Church <span style="font-size:85%;">(Church of Scotland)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Methodist_Church" title="Gibraltar Methodist Church">Methodism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in Gibraltar">Roman Catholicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Gibraltar" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Gibraltar">Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Bishop_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Bishop of Gibraltar">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_St._Mary_the_Crowned" title="Cathedral of St. Mary the Crowned">Cathedral of St. Mary the Crowned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Europe" title="Our Lady of Europe">Our Lady of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_Our_Lady_of_Europe" title="Shrine of Our Lady of Europe">Shrine of Our Lady of Europe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Cemetery" title="Trafalgar Cemetery">Trafalgar Cemetery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Other faiths</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Gibraltar" title="Hinduism in Gibraltar">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Gibraltar" title="Islam in Gibraltar">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim-al-Ibrahim_Mosque" title="Ibrahim-al-Ibrahim Mosque">Ibrahim-al-Ibrahim Mosque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Gibraltar" title="History of the Jews in Gibraltar">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Synagogue_(Gibraltar)" title="Great Synagogue (Gibraltar)">Great Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synagogues_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Synagogues of Gibraltar">other synagogues</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Gibraltar" title="Sport in Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Sport</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="By_sport8" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:4.4em;font-weight:normal;">By sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_national_basketball_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibraltar national basketball team">Basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Cricket_Association" title="Gibraltar Cricket Association">Cricket</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_national_cricket_team" title="Gibraltar national cricket team">national team</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Cycling_Association" title="Gibraltar Cycling Association">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Hockey_Association" title="Gibraltar Hockey Association">Field hockey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_men%27s_national_field_hockey_team" title="Gibraltar men's national field hockey team">national team</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Gibraltar" title="Football in Gibraltar">Football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Football_Association" title="Gibraltar Football Association">Football Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_national_football_team" title="Gibraltar national football team">national team</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Gibraltar" title="Rugby union in Gibraltar">Rugby union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_national_rugby_union_team" title="Gibraltar national rugby union team">national team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Barbarians_Rugby_Club" title="Gibraltar Barbarians Rugby Club">Campo Gibraltar RUFC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_at_the_Commonwealth_Games" title="Gibraltar at the Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Island_Games_Association" title="International Island Games Association">Island Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_records_in_athletics" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibraltarian records in athletics">Records in athletics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Stadium,_Gibraltar" title="Victoria Stadium, Gibraltar">Victoria Stadium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:National_symbols_of_Gibraltar" title="Category:National symbols of Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Symbols</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Anthem" title="Gibraltar Anthem">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Gibraltar" title="Coat of arms of Gibraltar">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Gibraltar" title="Flag of Gibraltar">Official flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="List of flags of Gibraltar">other flags</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:red;color:white;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span>  <a href="/wiki/Category:Gibraltar" title="Category:Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Category</span></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/Portal:Gibraltar" title="Portal:Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Portal</span></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span>  <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Gibraltar" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">WikiProject</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Italian_diaspora354" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Italian_diaspora" title="Template:Italian diaspora"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Italian_diaspora" title="Template talk:Italian diaspora"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Italian_diaspora" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Italian diaspora"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Italian_diaspora354" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Italian_diaspora" title="Italian diaspora">Italian diaspora</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Algerians" title="Italian Algerians">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Egyptians" title="Italian Egyptians">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Eritreans" title="Italian Eritreans">Eritrea</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians_of_Ethiopia" title="Italians of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_settlers_in_Libya" title="Italian settlers in Libya">Libya</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Moroccans" title="Italian Moroccans">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Somalis" title="Italian Somalis">Somalia</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_South_Africans" title="Italian South Africans">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Tunisians" title="Italian Tunisians">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Zimbabweans" title="Italian Zimbabweans">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/90px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/135px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/180px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Argentines" title="Italian Argentines">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Bolivians" title="Italian Bolivians">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Brazilians" title="Italian Brazilians">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Canadians" title="Italian Canadians">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Canadians_in_Greater_Montreal" title="Italian Canadians in Greater Montreal">Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Canadians_in_the_Greater_Toronto_Area" title="Italian Canadians in the Greater Toronto Area">Toronto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Chileans" title="Italian Chileans">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Colombians" title="Italian Colombians">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Costa_Ricans" title="Italian Costa Ricans">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Cubans" title="Italian Cubans">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Dominicans" title="Italian Dominicans">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Ecuadorians" title="Italian Ecuadorians">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Salvadorans" title="Italian Salvadorans">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Guatemalans" title="Italian Guatemalans">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Haitians" title="Italian Haitians">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Hondurans" title="Italian Hondurans">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_immigration_to_Mexico" title="Italian immigration to Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Panamanians" title="Italian Panamanians">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Paraguayans" title="Italian Paraguayans">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Peruvians" title="Italian Peruvians">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Puerto_Ricans" title="Italian Puerto Ricans">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans" title="Italian Americans">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italians_in_the_United_States_before_1880" title="Italians in the United States before 1880">before 1880</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Italian_Americans_by_location" title="Template:Italian Americans by location">by city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Americans" title="Sicilian Americans">Sicilian Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Uruguayans" title="Italian Uruguayans">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Venezuelans" class="mw-redirect" title="Italo-Venezuelans">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italians_in_India" title="Italians in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians_in_Japan" title="Italians in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians_in_Lebanon" title="Italians in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Levantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Levantine">Turkey</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Italians in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_colonists_in_Albania" title="Italian colonists in Albania">Albania</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_immigration_to_Belgium" title="Italian immigration to Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians_of_Croatia" title="Italians of Croatia">Croatia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istrian_Italians" title="Istrian Italians">Istria</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalmatian_Italians" title="Dalmatian Italians">Dalmatia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians_in_Finland" title="Italians in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians_in_France" title="Italians in France">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Corsicans" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Corsicans">Corsica</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A7ard_Italians" title="Niçard Italians">Nice</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoyard_Italians" class="mw-redirect" title="Savoyard Italians">Savoy</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians_in_Germany" title="Italians in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li>Greece <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corfiot_Italians" title="Corfiot Italians">Corfu</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_colonists_in_the_Dodecanese" title="Italian colonists in the Dodecanese">Dodecanese</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Italy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internal_migration_in_Italy" title="Internal migration in Italy">Internal migration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Maltese" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Maltese">Malta</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians_in_Romania" title="Italians in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li>Slovenia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istrian_Italians" title="Istrian Italians">Istria</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians_in_Spain" title="Italians in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Swedes" title="Italian Swedes">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_immigration_to_Switzerland" title="Italian immigration to Switzerland">Switzerland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Italian" title="Swiss Italian">Ticino</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Italian" title="Swiss Italian">Grisons</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Italians in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Scots" title="Italian Scots">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Italians" title="Welsh Italians">Wales</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gibraltar</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Ukraine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italians_of_Crimea" title="Italians of Crimea">Crimea</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians_of_Odesa" title="Italians of Odesa">Odesa</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Australians" title="Italian Australians">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_community_of_Melbourne" title="Italian community of Melbourne">Melbourne</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_New_Zealanders" title="Italian New Zealanders">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Exodus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istrian%E2%80%93Dalmatian_exodus" title="Istrian–Dalmatian exodus">Istrian–Dalmatian exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A7ard_exodus" title="Niçard exodus">Niçard exodus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neighborhoods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_Italy" title="Little Italy">Little Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian-American_neighborhoods" title="List of Italian-American neighborhoods">List of Italian-American neighborhoods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><sup><small>1</small></sup> local ethnic Italians<br /><sup><small>2</small></sup> ancient Italian migrations<br /><sup><small>3</small></sup> former <a href="/wiki/Italian_Empire" title="Italian Empire">Italian colonies or protectorates</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Italian_language_in_the_world139" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Italian_language_in_the_world" title="Template:Italian language in the world"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Italian_language_in_the_world" title="Template talk:Italian language in the world"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Italian_language_in_the_world" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Italian language in the world"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Italian_language_in_the_world139" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian language</a> in the world</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italian languages & dialects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cocoliche" title="Cocoliche">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Australian_dialect" title="Italo-Australian dialect">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language_in_Brazil" title="Italian language in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language_in_Canada" title="Italian language in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language_in_Croatia" title="Italian language in Croatia">Croatia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istrian_Italians" title="Istrian Italians">Istria</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalmatian_Italians" title="Dalmatian Italians">Dalmatia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Italian" title="Regional Italian">Italy</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Italian" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Italian">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Italian" title="Maltese Italian">Malta</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipilo_Venetian_dialect" title="Chipilo Venetian dialect">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians_in_Romania#Italian_language_and_culture_in_Romania" title="Italians in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language_in_Slovenia" title="Italian language in Slovenia">Slovenia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istrian_Italians" title="Istrian Italians">Istria</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalian_Italian" class="mw-redirect" title="Somalian Italian">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Italian" title="Swiss Italian">Switzerland</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language_in_the_United_States" title="Italian language in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language_in_Venezuela" title="Italian language in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Macaronic_language" title="Macaronic language">Pidgin & Mixed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabir_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabir language">Sabir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Eritrean" title="Italian Eritrean">Italian Eritrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itanglese" title="Itanglese">Itanglese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunfardo" title="Lunfardo">Lunfardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocoliche" title="Cocoliche">Cocoliche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macarr%C3%B4nico" class="mw-redirect" title="Macarrônico">Macarrônico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talian_dialect" title="Talian dialect">Talian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup><small>1</small></sup> autochthonous</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div 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