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<span>Formation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Occurrence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Occurrence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Occurrence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Occurrence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conflict_mineral" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conflict_mineral"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Conflict mineral</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conflict_mineral-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sterile_talc_powder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sterile_talc_powder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Sterile talc powder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sterile_talc_powder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Safety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Safety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Safety</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Safety-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Safety subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Safety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Industrial_grade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial_grade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Industrial grade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrial_grade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Food_grade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food_grade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Food grade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food_grade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Association_with_asbestos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Association_with_asbestos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Association with asbestos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Association_with_asbestos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litigation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litigation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Litigation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litigation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Talc</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 70 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-70" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">70 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk" title="Talk – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Talk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%82_(%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86)" title="طلق (معدن) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طلق (معدن)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talco" title="Talco – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Talco" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk" title="Talk – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Talk" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA" title="Тальк – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тальк" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA" title="Тальк – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тальк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA" title="Тальк – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тальк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA" title="Талк – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Талк" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk" title="Talk – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Talk" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talc" title="Talc – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Talc" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA" title="Тальк – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тальк" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mastek" title="Mastek – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mastek" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk_(Mineral)" title="Talk (Mineral) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Talk (Mineral)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk" title="Talk – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Talk" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BA%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Τάλκης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τάλκης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talco" title="Talco – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Talco" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talko" title="Talko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Talko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talko" title="Talko – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Talko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9" title="تالک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تالک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talc" title="Talc – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Talc" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talc" title="Talc – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Talc" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talco" title="Talco – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Talco" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%9C%EC%84%9D" title="활석 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="활석" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AF" title="Տալկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տալկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="टाल्क – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="टाल्क" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk" title="Talk – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Talk" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talko" title="Talko – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Talko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk" title="Talk – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Talk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk" title="Talk – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Talk" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talco" title="Talco – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Talco" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%A7" title="טלק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טלק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A3" title="ಅಭ್ರಕಚೂರ್ಣ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಭ್ರಕಚೂರ್ಣ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ტალკი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტალკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA" title="Тальк – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тальк" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA" title="Тальк – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тальк" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talcum" title="Talcum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Talcum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talks" title="Talks – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Talks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talkas" title="Talkas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Talkas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zs%C3%ADrk%C5%91" title="Zsírkő – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Zsírkő" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="ടാൽക് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ടാൽക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talkum" title="Talkum – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Talkum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk_(mineraal)" title="Talk (mineraal) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Talk (mineraal)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BB%91%E7%9F%B3" title="滑石 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="滑石" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk" title="Talk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Talk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk" title="Talk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Talk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talc" title="Talc – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Talc" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk" title="Talk – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Talk" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9" title="ٹالک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ٹالک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk" title="Talk – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Talk" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talco" title="Talco – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Talco" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talc" title="Talc – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Talc" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA" title="Тальк – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тальк" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talc" title="Talc – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Talc" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk" title="Talk – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Talk" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lojevec" title="Lojevec – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Lojevec" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA" title="Талк – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Талк" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk" title="Talk – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Talk" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talkki" title="Talkki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Talkki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk" title="Talk – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Talk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="டால்க் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="டால்க்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%8C" title="ทัลก์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทัลก์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk" title="Talk – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Talk" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA" title="Тальк – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тальк" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%82" title="طلق – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="طلق" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan_(kho%C3%A1ng_v%E1%BA%ADt)" title="Tan (khoáng vật) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tan (khoáng vật)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talc" title="Talc – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Talc" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Talcum" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Talcum_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Talcum (disambiguation)">Talcum (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/TALC_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="TALC (disambiguation)">TALC</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Magnesium silicate" redirects here. For the synthetic form, see <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_magnesium_silicate" title="Synthetic magnesium silicate">synthetic magnesium silicate</a>. For Mg<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub>, see <a href="/wiki/Forsterite" title="Forsterite">forsterite</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Hydrated magnesium phyllosilicate mineral</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color:black; background-color: #aad595">Talc</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Talc-177589.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Talc-177589.jpg/250px-Talc-177589.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Talc-177589.jpg/375px-Talc-177589.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Talc-177589.jpg/500px-Talc-177589.jpg 2x" data-file-width="632" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color: #aad595">General</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Category</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Silicate_mineral" title="Silicate mineral">Silicate mineral</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Formula</a><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(repeating unit)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1123817410">.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}</style><span class="chemf nowrap">Mg<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>Si<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">10</sub>(OH)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mineral_symbols" title="List of mineral symbols">IMA symbol</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Tlc<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nickel%E2%80%93Strunz_classification" title="Nickel–Strunz classification">Strunz classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data">9.EC.05</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_system" title="Crystal system">Crystal system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Monoclinic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoclinic">Monoclinic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Triclinic" class="mw-redirect" title="Triclinic">triclinic</a><sup id="cite_ref-DHZ_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DHZ-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_class" class="mw-redirect" title="Crystal class">Crystal class</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Either prismatic (2m) or pinacoidal (<span style="text-decoration:overline;">1</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-Handbook_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Handbook-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Space_group" title="Space group">Space group</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>C2/c</i> or <i>C<span style="text-decoration:overline;">1</span></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_structure#Unit_cell" title="Crystal structure">Unit cell</a></th><td class="infobox-data">a = 5.291 <a href="/wiki/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m" class="mw-redirect" title="Ångström">Å</a>, b = 9.173 Å<br />c = 5.290 Å; α = 98.68°<br />β = 119.90°, γ = 90.09°; Z = 2 or<br />a = 5.287 Å, b = 9.158 Å<br />c = 18.95 [Å], β = 99.3°; Z = 4<sup id="cite_ref-Handbook_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Handbook-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color: #aad595">Identification</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Color</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_green" title="Shades of green">Light to dark green</a>, brown, white, grey, colorless</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_habit" title="Crystal habit">Crystal habit</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Foliated to fibrous masses, rare as platey to pyramidal crystals</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cleavage_(crystal)" title="Cleavage (crystal)">Cleavage</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Perfect on {001} <a href="/wiki/Cleavage_(crystal)" title="Cleavage (crystal)">basal cleavage</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Fracture_(mineralogy)" title="Fracture (mineralogy)">Fracture</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Flat surfaces (not cleavage), fracture in an uneven pattern</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Tenacity_(mineralogy)" title="Tenacity (mineralogy)">Tenacity</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sectility" title="Sectility">Sectile</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mohs_scale_of_mineral_hardness" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohs scale of mineral hardness">Mohs scale</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">hardness</span></th><td class="infobox-data">1 (defining mineral)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Lustre_(mineralogy)" title="Lustre (mineralogy)">Luster</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Waxy or pearly</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Streak_(mineralogy)" title="Streak (mineralogy)">Streak</a></th><td class="infobox-data">White jot to pearl black</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency" title="Transparency and translucency">Diaphaneity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Translucent</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Specific_gravity" class="mw-redirect" title="Specific gravity">Specific gravity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2.58–2.83</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Optical properties</th><td class="infobox-data">Biaxial (−)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Refractive_index" title="Refractive index">Refractive index</a></th><td class="infobox-data">n<sub>α</sub> = 1.538 – 1.550<br />n<sub>β</sub> = 1.589 – 1.594<br />n<sub>γ</sub> = 1.589 – 1.600</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Birefringence" title="Birefringence">Birefringence</a></th><td class="infobox-data">δ = 0.051</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Pleochroism" title="Pleochroism">Pleochroism</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Weak in dark varieties</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" title="Ultraviolet">Ultraviolet</a> <a href="/wiki/Fluorescence" title="Fluorescence">fluorescence</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Short UV: orange yellow; long UV: yellow</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">References</th><td class="infobox-data"><sup id="cite_ref-Handbook_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Handbook-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mindat_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mindat-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Webmin_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webmin-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Talc</b>, or <b>talcum</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Clay_mineral" title="Clay mineral">clay mineral</a> <a href="/wiki/Chemical_composition" title="Chemical composition">composed</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hydrate" title="Hydrate">hydrated</a> <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a> <a href="/wiki/Silicate" title="Silicate">silicate</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">chemical formula</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Mg<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>Si<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">10</sub>(OH)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span>. Talc in powdered form, often combined with <a href="/wiki/Corn_starch" title="Corn starch">corn starch</a>, is used as <a href="/wiki/Baby_powder" title="Baby powder">baby powder</a>. This mineral is used as a <a href="/wiki/Thickening_agent" title="Thickening agent">thickening agent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lubricant" title="Lubricant">lubricant</a>. It is an ingredient in <a href="/wiki/Ceramic" title="Ceramic">ceramics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paint" title="Paint">paints</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Roofing_material" class="mw-redirect" title="Roofing material">roofing material</a>. It is a main ingredient in many <a href="/wiki/Cosmetics" title="Cosmetics">cosmetics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It occurs as <a href="/wiki/Foliation_(geology)" title="Foliation (geology)">foliated</a> to <a href="/wiki/Fiber" title="Fiber">fibrous</a> masses, and in an exceptionally rare <a href="/wiki/Crystal" title="Crystal">crystal</a> form. It has a perfect <a href="/wiki/Cleavage_(crystal)" title="Cleavage (crystal)">basal cleavage</a> and an uneven flat fracture, and it is foliated with a two-dimensional <a href="/wiki/Ped" title="Ped">platy</a> form. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Mohs_scale" title="Mohs scale">Mohs scale</a> of mineral hardness, based on <a href="/wiki/Scratch_hardness" title="Scratch hardness">scratch</a> <a href="/wiki/Hardness_comparison" title="Hardness comparison">hardness comparison</a>, defines value 1 as the hardness of talc, the softest mineral. When scraped on a <a href="/wiki/Streak_(mineralogy)" title="Streak (mineralogy)">streak plate</a>, talc produces a white streak, though this indicator is of little importance, because most silicate minerals produce a white streak. Talc is translucent to opaque, with colors ranging from whitish grey to green with a vitreous and pearly <a href="/wiki/Lustre_(mineralogy)" title="Lustre (mineralogy)">luster</a>. Talc is not soluble in water, and is slightly soluble in dilute <a href="/wiki/Mineral_acid" title="Mineral acid">mineral acids</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Soapstone" title="Soapstone">Soapstone</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Metamorphic_rock" title="Metamorphic rock">metamorphic rock</a> composed predominantly of talc. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talc&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>talc</i> derives from <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">تالک</span> <i>tālk</i>. In ancient times, the word was used for various related minerals, including talc, <a href="/wiki/Mica" title="Mica">mica</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Selenite_(mineral)" title="Selenite (mineral)">selenite</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formation">Formation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talc&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Formation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Talc_block.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Talc_block.jpg/220px-Talc_block.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Talc_block.jpg/330px-Talc_block.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Talc_block.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption>A block of talc</figcaption></figure> <p>Talc dominantly forms from the metamorphism of magnesian minerals such as <a href="/wiki/Serpentine_subgroup" title="Serpentine subgroup">serpentine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pyroxene" title="Pyroxene">pyroxene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amphibole" title="Amphibole">amphibole</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Olivine" title="Olivine">olivine</a>, in the presence of carbon dioxide and water. This is known as "talc carbonation" or "steatization" and produces a suite of rocks known as <a href="/wiki/Talc_carbonate" title="Talc carbonate">talc carbonates</a>. </p><p>Talc is primarily formed by hydration and carbonation by this reaction: </p> <dl><dd><span class="sfrac nowrap;"><span style="display:none; display:inline-block; text-align:center;"><span style="display:block; line-height:0.8em; font-size:70%;"><a href="/wiki/Serpentine_subgroup" title="Serpentine subgroup">serpentine</a></span><span style="display:block; line-height:1em;">2 Mg<sub>3</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>(OH)<sub>4</sub></span></span></span> + <span class="sfrac nowrap;"><span style="display:none; display:inline-block; text-align:center;"><span style="display:block; line-height:0.8em; font-size:70%;"><a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a></span><span style="display:block; line-height:1em;">3 CO<sub>2</sub></span></span></span> → <span class="sfrac nowrap;"><span style="display:none; display:inline-block; text-align:center;"><span style="display:block; line-height:0.8em; font-size:70%;">talc</span><span style="display:block; line-height:1em;">Mg<sub>3</sub>Si<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub></span></span></span> + <span class="sfrac nowrap;"><span style="display:none; display:inline-block; text-align:center;"><span style="display:block; line-height:0.8em; font-size:70%;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesite" title="Magnesite">magnesite</a></span><span style="display:block; line-height:1em;">3 MgCO<sub>3</sub></span></span></span> + <span class="sfrac nowrap;"><span style="display:none; display:inline-block; text-align:center;"><span style="display:block; line-height:0.8em; font-size:70%;"><a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a></span><span style="display:block; line-height:1em;">3 H<sub>2</sub>O</span></span></span></dd></dl> <p>Talc can also be formed via a reaction between dolomite and silica, which is typical of <a href="/wiki/Skarn" title="Skarn">skarnification</a> of dolomites by silica-flooding in contact metamorphic aureoles: </p> <dl><dd><span class="sfrac nowrap;"><span style="display:none; display:inline-block; text-align:center;"><span style="display:block; line-height:0.8em; font-size:70%;"><a href="/wiki/Dolomite_(mineral)" title="Dolomite (mineral)">dolomite</a></span><span style="display:block; line-height:1em;">3 CaMg(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></span></span></span> + <span class="sfrac nowrap;"><span style="display:none; display:inline-block; text-align:center;"><span style="display:block; line-height:0.8em; font-size:70%;"><a href="/wiki/Silicon_dioxide" title="Silicon dioxide">silica</a></span><span style="display:block; line-height:1em;">4 SiO<sub>2</sub></span></span></span> + <span class="sfrac nowrap;"><span style="display:none; display:inline-block; text-align:center;"><span style="display:block; line-height:0.8em; font-size:70%;">water</span><span style="display:block; line-height:1em;">H<sub>2</sub>O</span></span></span> → <span class="sfrac nowrap;"><span style="display:none; display:inline-block; text-align:center;"><span style="display:block; line-height:0.8em; font-size:70%;">talc</span><span style="display:block; line-height:1em;">Mg<sub>3</sub>Si<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub></span></span></span> + <span class="sfrac nowrap;"><span style="display:none; display:inline-block; text-align:center;"><span style="display:block; line-height:0.8em; font-size:70%;"><a href="/wiki/Calcite" title="Calcite">calcite</a></span><span style="display:block; line-height:1em;">3 CaCO<sub>3</sub></span></span></span> + <span class="sfrac nowrap;"><span style="display:none; display:inline-block; text-align:center;"><span style="display:block; line-height:0.8em; font-size:70%;">carbon dioxide</span><span style="display:block; line-height:1em;">3 CO<sub>2</sub></span></span></span></dd></dl> <p>Talc can also be formed from magnesium chlorite and quartz in <a href="/wiki/Blueschist" title="Blueschist">blueschist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eclogite" title="Eclogite">eclogite</a> metamorphism by the following <a href="/wiki/Metamorphic_reaction" title="Metamorphic reaction">metamorphic reaction</a>: </p> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chlorite_group" title="Chlorite group">chlorite</a> + <a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">quartz</a> → <a href="/wiki/Kyanite" title="Kyanite">kyanite</a> + talc + water</dd></dl> <p>Talc is also found as a diagenetic mineral in sedimentary rocks where it can form from the transformation of metastable hydrated magnesium-clay precursors such as <a href="/wiki/Kerolite" title="Kerolite">kerolite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sepiolite" title="Sepiolite">sepiolite</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Stevensite" title="Stevensite">stevensite</a> that can precipitate from marine and lake water in certain conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-Strauss_MacDonald_Halverson_Tosca_2015_pp._881–944_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strauss_MacDonald_Halverson_Tosca_2015_pp._881–944-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In this reaction, the ratio of talc and kyanite depends on <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a> content, with more aluminous rocks favoring production of kyanite. This is typically associated with high-pressure, low-temperature minerals such as <a href="/wiki/Phengite" title="Phengite">phengite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garnet" title="Garnet">garnet</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Glaucophane" title="Glaucophane">glaucophane</a> within the lower <a href="/wiki/Blueschist#Blueschist_facies" title="Blueschist">blueschist facies</a>. Such rocks are typically white, friable, and fibrous, and are known as <a href="/wiki/Whiteschist" title="Whiteschist">whiteschist</a>. </p><p>Talc is a trioctahedral layered mineral; its structure is similar to <a href="/wiki/Pyrophyllite" title="Pyrophyllite">pyrophyllite</a>, but with magnesium in the octahedral sites of the composite layers.<sup id="cite_ref-DHZ_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DHZ-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The crystal structure of talc is described as <i>TOT</i>, meaning that it is composed of parallel <i>TOT</i> layers weakly bonded to each other by weak <a href="/wiki/Van_der_Waals_force" title="Van der Waals force">van der Waals forces</a>. The <i>TOT</i> layers in turn consist of two tetrahedral sheets (<i>T</i>) strongly bonded to the two faces of a single trioctahedral sheet (<i>O</i>). It is the weak bonding between <i>TOT</i> layers that gives talc its perfect basal cleavage and softness.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The tetrahedral sheets consist of silica tetrahedra, which are silicon ions surrounded by four oxygen ions. The tetrahedra each share three of their four oxygen ions with neighboring tetrahedra to produce a hexagonal sheet. The remaining oxygen ion (the <i>apical</i> oxygen ion) is available to bond with the trioctahedral sheet.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENesse2000235_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENesse2000235-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The trioctahedral sheet has the structure of a sheet of the mineral <a href="/wiki/Brucite" title="Brucite">brucite</a>. Apical oxygens take the place of some of the hydroxyl ions that would be present in a brucite sheet, bonding the tetrahedral sheets tightly to the trioctahedral sheet.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENesse2000235–237_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENesse2000235–237-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tetrahedral sheets have a negative charge, since their bulk composition is Si<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub><sup>4-</sup>. The trioctahedral sheet has an equal positive charge, since its bulk composition is Mg<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub><sup>4+</sup> The combined TOT layer thus is electrically neutral.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENesse2000238_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENesse2000238-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because the hexagons in the T and O sheets are slightly different in size, the sheets are slightly distorted when they bond into a TOT layer. This breaks the hexagonal symmetry and reduces it to monoclinic or triclinic symmetry.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENesse2000239,_242_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENesse2000239,_242-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the original hexahedral symmetry is discernible in the pseudotrigonal character of talc crystals.<sup id="cite_ref-Handbook_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Handbook-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mica_T.png" class="mw-file-description" title="View of tetrahedral sheet structure of talc. The apical oxygen ions are tinted pink."><img alt="View of tetrahedral sheet structure of talc. The apical oxygen ions are tinted pink." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Mica_T.png/120px-Mica_T.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Mica_T.png/180px-Mica_T.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Mica_T.png/240px-Mica_T.png 2x" data-file-width="661" data-file-height="602" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">View of tetrahedral sheet structure of talc. The apical oxygen ions are tinted pink.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Talc_to.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View of trioctahedral sheet of talc. Yellow spheres are hydroxyl; blue are magnesium. Apical oxygen binding sites are white."><img alt="View of trioctahedral sheet of talc. Yellow spheres are hydroxyl; blue are magnesium. Apical oxygen binding sites are white." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Talc_to.jpg/108px-Talc_to.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Talc_to.jpg/163px-Talc_to.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Talc_to.jpg/217px-Talc_to.jpg 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">View of trioctahedral sheet of talc. Yellow spheres are hydroxyl; blue are magnesium. Apical oxygen binding sites are white.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Talc_structure.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Talc crystal viewed along the [100] axis, looking along the layers of the crystal"><img alt="Talc crystal viewed along the [100] axis, looking along the layers of the crystal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Talc_structure.jpg/120px-Talc_structure.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Talc_structure.jpg/180px-Talc_structure.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Talc_structure.jpg/240px-Talc_structure.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Talc crystal viewed along the [100] axis, looking along the layers of the crystal</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Occurrence">Occurrence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talc&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Occurrence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2005talc.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/2005talc.png/220px-2005talc.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/2005talc.png/330px-2005talc.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/2005talc.png/440px-2005talc.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>Talc output in 2005</figcaption></figure> <p>Talc is a common metamorphic mineral in metamorphic belts that contain <a href="/wiki/Ultramafic_rock" title="Ultramafic rock">ultramafic rocks</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Soapstone" title="Soapstone">soapstone</a> (a high-talc rock), and within whiteschist and <a href="/wiki/Blueschist" title="Blueschist">blueschist</a> metamorphic <a href="/wiki/Terrane" title="Terrane">terranes</a>. Prime examples of whiteschists include the Franciscan Metamorphic Belt of the western United States, the western European <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a> especially in Italy, certain areas of the <a href="/wiki/Musgrave_Block" title="Musgrave Block">Musgrave Block</a>, and some collisional <a href="/wiki/Orogeny" title="Orogeny">orogens</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a>, which stretch along <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Talc_carbonate" title="Talc carbonate">Talc carbonate</a> ultramafics are typical of many areas of the <a href="/wiki/Archean" title="Archean">Archaean</a> <a href="/wiki/Craton" title="Craton">cratons</a>, notably the <a href="/wiki/Komatiite" title="Komatiite">komatiite</a> belts of the <a href="/wiki/Yilgarn_Craton" title="Yilgarn Craton">Yilgarn Craton</a> in <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a>. Talc-carbonate ultramafics are also known from the <a href="/wiki/Lachlan_Fold_Belt" title="Lachlan Fold Belt">Lachlan Fold Belt</a>, eastern <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Guiana_Shield" title="Guiana Shield">Guiana Shield</a>, and from the <a href="/wiki/Ophiolite" title="Ophiolite">ophiolite</a> belts of <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>. </p><p>China is the key world talc and steatite-producing country with an output of about 2.2M tonnes(2016), which accounts for 30% of total global output. The other major producers are Brazil (12%), India (11%), the U.S. (9%), France (6%), Finland (4%), Italy, Russia, Canada, and Austria (2%, each).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Notable economic talc occurrences include the Mount Seabrook talc mine, Western Australia, formed upon a polydeformed, layered ultramafic intrusion. The France-based <a href="/wiki/Luzenac_Group" title="Luzenac Group">Luzenac Group</a> is the world's largest supplier of mined talc. Its largest talc mine at Trimouns near <a href="/wiki/Luzenac" title="Luzenac">Luzenac</a> in southern France produces 400,000 tonnes of talc per year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conflict_mineral">Conflict mineral</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talc&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Conflict mineral"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Extraction in disputed areas of <a href="/wiki/Nangarhar_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Nangarhar province">Nangarhar province</a>, Afghanistan, has led the international monitoring group <a href="/wiki/Global_Witness" title="Global Witness">Global Witness</a> to declare talc a <a href="/wiki/Conflict_resource" class="mw-redirect" title="Conflict resource">conflict resource</a>, as the profits are used to fund armed confrontation between the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Islamic State</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talc&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Talcum_Powder.JPEG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Talcum_Powder.JPEG/220px-Talcum_Powder.JPEG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Talcum_Powder.JPEG/330px-Talcum_Powder.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Talcum_Powder.JPEG/440px-Talcum_Powder.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Talcum powder</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Talc.GIF" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Talc.GIF/290px-Talc.GIF" decoding="async" width="290" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Talc.GIF/435px-Talc.GIF 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Talc.GIF/580px-Talc.GIF 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="601" /></a><figcaption>The structure of talc is composed of Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> sheets with magnesium sandwiched between sheets in octahedral sites.</figcaption></figure> <p>Talc is used in many industries, including paper making, <a href="/wiki/Plastic" title="Plastic">plastic</a>, paint and coatings (e.g. for metal casting molds), rubber, food, electric cable, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and ceramics. A coarse grayish-green high-talc rock is <a href="/wiki/Soapstone" title="Soapstone">soapstone</a> or <a href="/wiki/Soapstone" title="Soapstone">steatite</a>, used for stoves, sinks, electrical switchboards, etc. It is often used for surfaces of laboratory table tops and electrical switchboards because of its resistance to heat, electricity, and acids. </p><p>In finely ground form, talc finds use as a <a href="/wiki/Cosmetics" title="Cosmetics">cosmetic</a> (<b>talcum powder</b>), as a <a href="/wiki/Lubricant" title="Lubricant">lubricant</a>, and as a filler in paper manufacture. It is used to coat the insides of <a href="/wiki/Tire#Associated_components" title="Tire">inner tubes</a> and rubber gloves during manufacture to keep the surfaces from sticking. Talcum powder, with heavy refinement, has been used in baby powder, an <a href="/wiki/Astringent" title="Astringent">astringent</a> powder used to prevent <a href="/wiki/Irritant_diaper_dermatitis" title="Irritant diaper dermatitis">diaper rash</a> (nappy rash). The <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Pediatrics" title="American Academy of Pediatrics">American Academy of Pediatrics</a> recommends that parents avoid using baby powder because it poses a risk of respiratory problems, including breathing trouble and serious lung damage if inhaled. The small size of the particles makes it difficult to keep them out of the air while applying the powder. <a href="/wiki/Zinc_oxide" title="Zinc oxide">Zinc oxide</a>-based ointments are a much safer alternative.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Soapstone (massive talc) is often used as a marker for <a href="/wiki/Welding" title="Welding">welding</a> or <a href="/wiki/Metalworking" title="Metalworking">metalworking</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Talc is also used as <a href="/wiki/Food_additive" title="Food additive">food additive</a> or in pharmaceutical products as a <a href="/wiki/Glidant" title="Glidant">glidant</a>. In medicine, talc is used as a <a href="/wiki/Pleurodesis" title="Pleurodesis">pleurodesis</a> agent to prevent recurrent <a href="/wiki/Pleural_effusion" title="Pleural effusion">pleural effusion</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pneumothorax" title="Pneumothorax">pneumothorax</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, the <a href="/wiki/E_number" title="E number">additive number</a> is <b>E553b</b>. Talc may be used in the processing of white <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a> as a buffing agent in the polishing stage. </p><p>Due to its low shear strength, talc is one of the oldest known solid lubricants. Also, limited use is made of talc as a friction-reducing additive in lubricating oils.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Talc is widely used in the ceramics industry in both bodies and glazes. In low-fire art-ware bodies, it imparts whiteness and increases thermal expansion to resist <a href="/wiki/Crazing" title="Crazing">crazing</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Stoneware" title="Stoneware">stonewares</a>, small percentages of talc are used to flux the body and therefore improve strength and <a href="/wiki/Glass_transition" title="Glass transition">vitrification</a>. It is a source of <a href="/wiki/Magnesium_oxide" title="Magnesium oxide">MgO</a> flux in high-temperature glazes (to control melting temperature). It is also employed as a matting agent in earthenware glazes and can be used to produce magnesia mattes at high temperatures. </p><p>ISO standard for quality (ISO 3262) </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Type</th> <th>Talc content min. wt%</th> <th>Loss on ignition at 1000 °C, wt %</th> <th>Solubility in HCl, max. wt % </th></tr> <tr> <td>A</td> <td>95</td> <td>4 – 6.5</td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>B</td> <td>90</td> <td>4–9</td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <td>C</td> <td>70</td> <td>4–18</td> <td>30 </td></tr> <tr> <td>D</td> <td>50</td> <td>4–27</td> <td>30 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Patents are pending on the use of magnesium silicate as a cement substitute. Its production requirements are less energy-intensive than ordinary <a href="/wiki/Portland_cement" title="Portland cement">Portland cement</a> (at a heating requirement of around 650 °C for talc compared to 1500 °C for limestone to produce Portland cement), while it absorbs far more <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a> as it hardens. This results in a negative <a href="/wiki/Carbon_footprint" title="Carbon footprint">carbon footprint</a> overall, as the cement substitute removes 0.6 tonnes of CO<sub>2</sub> per tonne used. This contrasts with a positive carbon footprint of 0.4 tonnes per tonne of conventional cement.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian.co.uk_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian.co.uk-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Talc is used in the production of the materials that are widely used in the building interiors such as base content <a href="/wiki/Paint" title="Paint">paints</a> in wall coatings. Other areas that use talc to a great extent are organic <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>, the food industry, cosmetics, and hygiene products such as baby powder and <a href="/wiki/Laundry_detergent" title="Laundry detergent">detergent powder</a>. </p><p>Talc is sometimes used as an <a href="/wiki/Adulterant" title="Adulterant">adulterant</a> to illegal <a href="/wiki/Heroin" title="Heroin">heroin</a>, to expand volume and weight and thereby increase its street value. With <a href="/wiki/Intravenous_therapy" title="Intravenous therapy">intravenous</a> use, it may lead to <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_talcosis" title="Pulmonary talcosis">pulmonary talcosis</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Granuloma" title="Granuloma">granulomatous</a> inflammation in the <a href="/wiki/Lung" title="Lung">lungs</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sterile_talc_powder">Sterile talc powder</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talc&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sterile talc powder"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sterile talc powder (<a href="/wiki/National_Drug_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="National Drug Code">NDC</a> 63256-200-05) is a sclerosing agent used in the procedure of <a href="/wiki/Pleurodesis" title="Pleurodesis">pleurodesis</a>. This can be helpful as a <a href="/wiki/Treatment_of_cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Treatment of cancer">cancer treatment</a> to prevent <a href="/wiki/Pleural_effusion" title="Pleural effusion">pleural effusions</a> (an abnormal collection of fluid in the space between the <a href="/wiki/Lung" title="Lung">lungs</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Thoracic_wall" title="Thoracic wall">thoracic wall</a>). It is inserted into the space via a chest tube, causing it to close up, so fluid cannot collect there. The product can be sterilized by dry heat, <a href="/wiki/Ethylene_oxide" title="Ethylene oxide">ethylene oxide</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Ionizing_radiation_sterilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Ionizing radiation sterilization">gamma irradiation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Management_of_Malignant_Pleural_Effusions_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Management_of_Malignant_Pleural_Effusions-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Safety">Safety</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talc&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Safety"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Suspicions have been raised that talc use contributes to certain types of disease, mainly cancers of the ovaries and lungs. According to the <a href="/wiki/International_Agency_for_Research_on_Cancer" title="International Agency for Research on Cancer">IARC</a>, talc containing asbestos is classified as a <a href="/wiki/IARC_group_1" class="mw-redirect" title="IARC group 1">group 1 agent</a> (carcinogenic to humans), talc use in the <a href="/wiki/Perineum" title="Perineum">perineum</a> is classified as <a href="/wiki/IARC_group_2B" title="IARC group 2B">group 2B</a> (possibly carcinogenic to humans), and talc not containing asbestos is classified as <a href="/wiki/IARC_group_2A" title="IARC group 2A">group 2A</a> (probably carcinogenic to humans).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reviews by <a href="/wiki/Cancer_Research_UK" title="Cancer Research UK">Cancer Research UK</a> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Cancer_Society" title="American Cancer Society">American Cancer Society</a> conclude that some studies have found a link, but other studies have not.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The studies discuss <a href="/wiki/Lung" title="Lung">pulmonary</a> issues,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lung_cancer" title="Lung cancer">lung cancer</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-NTP_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NTP-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Ovarian_cancer" title="Ovarian cancer">ovarian cancer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of these, published in 1993, was a US <a href="/wiki/National_Toxicology_Program" title="National Toxicology Program">National Toxicology Program</a> report, which found that cosmetic grade talc containing no <a href="/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos">asbestos</a>-like fibres was correlated with tumor formation in <a href="/wiki/Rat" title="Rat">rats</a> forced to inhale talc for 6 hours a day, five days a week over at least 113 weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-NTP_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NTP-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 1971 paper found particles of talc embedded in 75% of the ovarian tumors studied.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, <a href="/wiki/Health_Canada" title="Health Canada">Health Canada</a> issued a warning against inhaling talcum powder or women's using it perineally.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In contrast, however, research published in 1995 and 2000 concluded that, although it was plausible that talc could cause ovarian cancer, no conclusive evidence had been shown.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further, a 2008 <a href="/wiki/European_Journal_of_Cancer_Prevention" title="European Journal of Cancer Prevention">European Journal of Cancer Prevention</a> review of ovarian cancer and talc use studies pointed out that, although many of them examined the duration, frequency, and accumulation of hygienic talc use, few found a positive association among these factors and some found a negative one: “It may be argued that the overall null findings associated with talc-dusted diaphragms and condom use is more convincing evidence for a lack of a carcinogenic effect, especially given the lack of an established correlation between perineal dusting frequency and ovarian tissue talc concentrations and the lack of a consistent dose-response relationship with ovarian cancer risk." Instead, the authors credited powdered talc with "a high degree of safety.”<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Similarly, in a 2014 article published in a leading cancer journal, the <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_National_Cancer_Institute" title="Journal of the National Cancer Institute">Journal of the National Cancer Institute</a>, researchers reported the results of a survey of 61,576 postmenopausal women, more than half of whom had used talc powder perineally. The researchers compared the subjects’ reports of their own talc use with their reports of having had ovarian cancer diagnosed by their doctors, and found, regardless of subjects’ age and tubal ligation status, “Ever use of perineal powder ... was not associated with risk of ovarian cancer compared with never use,” nor was any greater individual cancer risk associated with longer use of talc powder. On this basis, the article concluded, “perineal powder use does not appear to influence ovarian cancer risk.”<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Cosmetic_Ingredient_Review" title="Cosmetic Ingredient Review">Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel</a> concluded in 2015 that talc, in the concentrations currently used in cosmetics, is safe.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2024, the <a href="/wiki/International_Agency_for_Research_on_Cancer" title="International Agency for Research on Cancer">International Agency for Research on Cancer</a> listed talc as probably <a href="/wiki/Carcinogen" title="Carcinogen">carcinogenic</a> for humans. The study is based on limited evidence it could cause <a href="/wiki/Ovarian_cancer" title="Ovarian cancer">ovarian cancer</a> in humans.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrial_grade">Industrial grade</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talc&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Industrial grade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the United States, the <a href="/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration" title="Occupational Safety and Health Administration">Occupational Safety and Health Administration</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health">National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</a> have set occupational exposure limits to respirable talc dusts at 2 mg/m<sup>3</sup> over an eight-hour workday. At levels of 1000 mg/m<sup>3</sup>, inhalation of talc is considered <a href="/wiki/Immediately_dangerous_to_life_and_health" class="mw-redirect" title="Immediately dangerous to life and health">immediately dangerous to life and health</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Food_grade">Food grade</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talc&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Food grade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The United States <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> considers talc (magnesium silicate) <a href="/wiki/Generally_recognized_as_safe" title="Generally recognized as safe">generally recognized as safe</a> (GRAS) to use as an <a href="/wiki/Anticaking_agent" title="Anticaking agent">anticaking agent</a> in table salt in concentrations smaller than 2%.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Association_with_asbestos">Association with asbestos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talc&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Association with asbestos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One particular issue with commercial use of talc is its frequent co-location in underground deposits with <a href="/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos">asbestos</a> ore. Asbestos is a general term for different types of fibrous silicate minerals, desirable in construction for their heat resistant properties.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are six varieties of asbestos; the most common variety in manufacturing, <a href="/wiki/White_asbestos" class="mw-redirect" title="White asbestos">white asbestos</a>, is in the <a href="/wiki/Serpentine_subgroup" title="Serpentine subgroup">serpentine</a> family.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Serpentine minerals are <a href="/wiki/Sheet_silicate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheet silicate">sheet silicates</a>; although not in the serpentine family, talc is also a sheet silicate, with two sheets connected by magnesium cations. The frequent co-location of talc deposits with asbestos may result in contamination of mined talc with white asbestos, which poses serious health risks when dispersed into the air and inhaled. Stringent quality control since 1976, including separating <a href="/wiki/Cosmetic-grade" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmetic-grade">cosmetic-</a> and <a href="/wiki/Food-grade" class="mw-redirect" title="Food-grade">food-grade</a> talc from that destined for industrial use, has largely eliminated this issue, but it remains a potential hazard requiring mitigation in the mining and processing of talc.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2010 US <a href="/wiki/FDA" class="mw-redirect" title="FDA">FDA</a> survey failed to find asbestos in a variety of talc-containing products.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2018 <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> investigation asserted that pharmaceuticals company <a href="/wiki/Johnson_%26_Johnson" title="Johnson & Johnson">Johnson & Johnson</a> knew for decades that there was asbestos in its baby powder,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 2020 the company stopped selling its baby powder in the US and Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were calls for Johnson & Johnson's largest shareholders to force the company to end global sales of baby powder, and hire an independent firm to conduct a racial justice audit as it had been marketed to African American and overweight women.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On August 11, 2022, the company announced it would stop making talc-based powder by 2023 and replace it with cornstarch-based powders. The company said the talc-based powder is safe to use and does not contain asbestos.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litigation">Litigation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talc&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Litigation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2006 the <a href="/wiki/International_Agency_for_Research_on_Cancer" title="International Agency for Research on Cancer">International Agency for Research on Cancer</a> classified talcum powder as a possible human carcinogen if used in the female genital area. Despite this, no federal agency in the US acted to remove talcum powder from the market or add warnings.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2016, as the result of a lawsuit against <a href="/wiki/Johnson_%26_Johnson" title="Johnson & Johnson">Johnson & Johnson</a> (J&J), a <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a> jury awarded $72 million to the family of an Alabama woman who died from <a href="/wiki/Ovarian_cancer" title="Ovarian cancer">ovarian cancer</a>. The family claimed that the use of talcum powder was responsible for her cancer. </p><p>In May 2016, a South Dakota woman was awarded $55 million as the result of another lawsuit against J&J.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The woman had used Johnson & Johnson's <a href="/wiki/Baby_Powder" class="mw-redirect" title="Baby Powder">Baby Powder</a> for more than 35 years before being diagnosed with ovarian cancer in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2016, a St. Louis jury awarded $70.1 million to a Californian woman with ovarian cancer who had used Johnson's Baby Powder for 45 years.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes-2016-10-28_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes-2016-10-28-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2017, a Los Angeles jury awarded $417 million to a Californian woman, Eva Echeverria, who developed ovarian cancer as a "proximate result of the unreasonably dangerous and defective nature of talcum powder", her lawsuit against Johnson & Johnson stated.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 20 October 2017, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Superior_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles Superior Court">Los Angeles Superior Court</a> judge Maren Nelson dismissed the verdict. The judge stated that Echeverria proved there is "an ongoing debate in the scientific and medical community about whether talc more probably than not causes ovarian cancer and thus (gives) rise to a duty to warn", but not enough to sustain the jury's imposition of liability against Johnson & Johnson stated, and concluded that Echeverria did not adequately establish that talc causes ovarian cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2018, a court in <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a> awarded a $4.7bn claim ($4.14bn in punitive damages and $550m in compensatory damages) against J&J to 22 claimant women, concluding that the company had suppressed evidence of <a href="/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos">asbestos</a> in its products for more than four decades.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At least 1,200 to 2,000 other talcum powder-related lawsuits were pending as of 2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talc&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes-2016-10-28_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes-2016-10-28-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020 J&J stopped sales of its talcum-based baby powder, which it had been selling for 130 years. J&J created a subsidiary responsible for the claims in an effort to resolve the lawsuits in bankruptcy court. In 2023 J&J proposed a nearly $9bn settlement with 50,000 claimants saying the claims were "specious" but it wanted to move on from the issue, but judges blocked the plans, ruling that the subsidiary was not in financial distress and could not use the bankruptcy system to resolve the lawsuits. <sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2023 J&J sued researchers who linked talc to cancer alleging they used <a href="/wiki/Junk_science" title="Junk science">junk science</a> to disparage company's products, while defendants say the lawsuits are meant to silence scientists.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talc&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyrophyllite" title="Pyrophyllite">Pyrophyllite</a> – Aluminium silicate hydroxide phyllosilicate mineral</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpentinite" title="Serpentinite">Serpentinite</a> – Rock formed by transformation of olivine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sillimanite" title="Sillimanite">Sillimanite</a> – Nesosilicate mineral</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talc&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWarr2021" class="citation journal cs1">Warr, L. N. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1180%2Fmgm.2021.43">"IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Mineralogical_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Mineralogical Magazine">Mineralogical Magazine</a></i>. <b>85</b> (3): 291–320. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021MinM...85..291W">2021MinM...85..291W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1180%2Fmgm.2021.43">10.1180/mgm.2021.43</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:235729616">235729616</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.atitle=IMA%E2%80%93CNMNC+approved+mineral+symbols&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=291-320&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A235729616%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1180%2Fmgm.2021.43&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021MinM...85..291W&rft.aulast=Warr&rft.aufirst=L.+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1180%252Fmgm.2021.43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATalc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DHZ-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DHZ_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DHZ_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFW._A._DeerR._A._HowieJ._Zussman1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Alexander_Deer" title="William Alexander Deer">W. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Elko+Daily+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Professor+Hanington%27s+Speaking+of+Science%3A+Does+talc+cause+cancer%3F&rft.date=2016-10-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felkodaily.com%2Flifestyles%2Fprofessor-haningtons-speaking-of-science-does-talc-cause-cancer%2Farticle_74d2eef7-6c68-504e-8c46-8c41898b2884.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATalc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-latimes-2016-10-28-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-latimes-2016-10-28_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-latimes-2016-10-28_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-baby-powder-cancer-20161028-story.html#nt=oft07a-2gp1">Does baby powder cause cancer? Another jury thinks so, awarding $70 million to a California woman</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/LA_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="LA Times">LA Times</a></i> (2016-10-28). Retrieved on 2017-05-06.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thechronicleherald.ca/business/1496091-jury-awards-417m-in-lawsuit-linking-talcum-powder-to-cancer">Jury awards $417M in lawsuit linking talcum powder to cancer</a>. The Chronicle Herald (21 August 2017)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBellon2017" class="citation news cs1">Bellon, Tina (21 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-johnson-johnson-cancer-lawsuit/california-judge-tosses-417-million-talc-cancer-verdict-against-johnson-johnson-idUSKBN1CQ003">"California judge tosses $417 million talc cancer verdict against..."</a> <i>Reuters</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=California+judge+tosses+%24417+million+talc+cancer+verdict+against...&rft.date=2017-10-21&rft.aulast=Bellon&rft.aufirst=Tina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-johnson-johnson-cancer-lawsuit%2Fcalifornia-judge-tosses-417-million-talc-cancer-verdict-against-johnson-johnson-idUSKBN1CQ003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATalc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrankel2017" class="citation news cs1">Frankel, Alison (24 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/frankel-jj-talc/dismissal-of-472-million-verdict-v-jj-is-disaster-for-talc-plaintiffs-idUSKBN1CS2SA">"Dismissal of $417 million verdict v. J&J is disaster for talc..."</a> <i>Reuters</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Dismissal+of+%24417+million+verdict+v.+J%26J+is+disaster+for+talc...&rft.date=2017-10-24&rft.aulast=Frankel&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Ffrankel-jj-talc%2Fdismissal-of-472-million-verdict-v-jj-is-disaster-for-talc-plaintiffs-idUSKBN1CS2SA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATalc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButler2018" class="citation news cs1">Butler, Sarah (13 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/jul/13/johnson-johnson-ordered-to-pay-47bn-in-talc-powder-claim">"Johnson & Johnson ordered to pay $4.7bn in talc powder claim"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Johnson+%26+Johnson+ordered+to+pay+%244.7bn+in+talc+powder+claim&rft.date=2018-07-13&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbusiness%2F2018%2Fjul%2F13%2Fjohnson-johnson-ordered-to-pay-47bn-in-talc-powder-claim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATalc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/health/woman-wins-55m-verdict-johnson-johnson-cancer-suit-article-1.2623470">Woman wins $55M verdict against Johnson & Johnson in cancer suit</a>. NY Daily News (3 May 2016)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/business-68072951">"J&J strikes US states deal over baby powder claims"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 23 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=J%26J+strikes+US+states+deal+over+baby+powder+claims&rft.date=2024-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-68072951&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATalc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnauth2023" class="citation news cs1">Knauth, Dietrich (13 July 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/legal/litigation/johnson-johnson-sues-researchers-who-linked-talc-cancer-2023-07-13/">"Johnson & Johnson sues researchers who linked talc to cancer"</a>. <i>Reuters</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Johnson+%26+Johnson+sues+researchers+who+linked+talc+to+cancer&rft.date=2023-07-13&rft.aulast=Knauth&rft.aufirst=Dietrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Flegal%2Flitigation%2Fjohnson-johnson-sues-researchers-who-linked-talc-cancer-2023-07-13%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATalc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Talc" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Talc">Talc</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/talc" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/talc">talc</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Phyllosilicate" class="mw-redirect" title="Phyllosilicate">Phyllosilicates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mica" title="Mica">Micas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aluminoceladonite" title="Aluminoceladonite">Aluminoceladonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandite" title="Anandite">Anandite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annite" title="Annite">Annite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspidolite" title="Aspidolite">Aspidolite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balestraite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balestraite (page does not exist)">Balestraite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bityite" title="Bityite">Bityite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biotite" title="Biotite">Biotite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boromuscovite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boromuscovite (page does not exist)">Boromuscovite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bramallite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bramallite (page does not exist)">Bramallite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celadonite" title="Celadonite">Celadonite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chernykhite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chernykhite (page does not exist)">Chernykhite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromphyllite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromphyllite (page does not exist)">Chromphyllite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clintonite" title="Clintonite">Clintonite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastonite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastonite (page does not exist)">Eastonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephesite" title="Ephesite">Ephesite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferroaluminoceladonite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferroaluminoceladonite (page does not exist)">Ferroaluminoceladonite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferroceladonite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferroceladonite (page does not exist)">Ferroceladonite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluorannite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluorannite (page does not exist)">Fluorannite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluorokinoshitalite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluorokinoshitalite (page does not exist)">Fluorokinoshitalite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mica#Substitutes" title="Mica">Fluorophlogopite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluorotetraferriphlogopite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluorotetraferriphlogopite (page does not exist)">Fluorotetraferriphlogopite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garmite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garmite (page does not exist)">Garmite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glauconite" title="Glauconite">Glauconite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gorbunovite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gorbunovite (page does not exist)">Gorbunovite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hendricksite" title="Hendricksite">Hendricksite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illite" title="Illite">Illite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinoshitalite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinoshitalite (page does not exist)">Kinoshitalite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepidolite" title="Lepidolite">Lepidolite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luanshiweiite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luanshiweiite (page does not exist)">Luanshiweiite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganiceladonite" title="Manganiceladonite">Manganiceladonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margarite" title="Margarite">Margarite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masutomilite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masutomilite (page does not exist)">Masutomilite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montdorite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montdorite (page does not exist)">Montdorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscovite" title="Muscovite">Muscovite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanpingite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanpingite (page does not exist)">Nanpingite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norrishite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norrishite (page does not exist)">Norrishite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orlovite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orlovite (page does not exist)">Orlovite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxyphlogopite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxyphlogopite (page does not exist)">Oxyphlogopite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paragonite" title="Paragonite">Paragonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phengite" title="Phengite">Phengite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phlogopite" title="Phlogopite">Phlogopite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polylithionite" class="mw-redirect" title="Polylithionite">Polylithionite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preiswerkite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Preiswerkite (page does not exist)">Preiswerkite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscoelite" title="Roscoelite">Roscoelite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siderophyllite" title="Siderophyllite">Siderophyllite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suhailite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suhailite (page does not exist)">Suhailite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tainiolite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tainiolite (page does not exist)">Tainiolite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetraferriannite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetraferriannite (page does not exist)">Tetraferriannite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trilithionite" class="mw-redirect" title="Trilithionite">Trilithionite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voloshinite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voloshinite (page does not exist)">Voloshinite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wonesite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wonesite (page does not exist)">Wonesite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangzhumingite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yangzhumingite (page does not exist)">Yangzhumingite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Talcs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minnesotaite" title="Minnesotaite">Minnesotaite</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Talc</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willemseite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willemseite (page does not exist)">Willemseite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pyrophyllite" title="Pyrophyllite">Pyrophyllite</a> series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferripyrophyllite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferripyrophyllite (page does not exist)">Ferripyrophyllite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrophyllite" title="Pyrophyllite">Pyrophyllite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kaolinite" title="Kaolinite">Kaolinites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bismutoferrite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bismutoferrite (page does not exist)">Bismutoferrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dickite" title="Dickite">Dickite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloysite" title="Halloysite">Halloysite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisingerite" title="Hisingerite">Hisingerite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaolinite" title="Kaolinite">Kaolinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacrite" title="Nacrite">Nacrite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Serpentine_subgroup" title="Serpentine subgroup">Serpentines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amesite" title="Amesite">Amesite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigorite" title="Antigorite">Antigorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berthierine" class="mw-redirect" title="Berthierine">Berthierine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brindleyite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brindleyite (page does not exist)">Brindleyite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caryopilite" title="Caryopilite">Caryopilite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysotile" title="Chrysotile">Chrysotile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cronstedtite" title="Cronstedtite">Cronstedtite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraipontite" title="Fraipontite">Fraipontite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenalite" title="Greenalite">Greenalite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guidottiite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guidottiite (page does not exist)">Guidottiite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kellyite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kellyite (page does not exist)">Kellyite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizardite" title="Lizardite">Lizardite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manandonite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manandonite (page does not exist)">Manandonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9pouite" title="Népouite">Népouite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odinite" class="mw-redirect" title="Odinite">Odinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecoraite" title="Pecoraite">Pecoraite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corrensite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corrensite (page does not exist)">Corrensites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aliettite" title="Aliettite">Aliettite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brinrobertsite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brinrobertsite (page does not exist)">Brinrobertsite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corrensite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corrensite (page does not exist)">Corrensite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dozyite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dozyite (page does not exist)">Dozyite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrobiotite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hydrobiotite (page does not exist)">Hydrobiotite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karpinskite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karpinskite (page does not exist)">Karpinskite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulkeite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kulkeite (page does not exist)">Kulkeite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lunijianlaite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lunijianlaite (page does not exist)">Lunijianlaite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rectorite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rectorite (page does not exist)">Rectorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saliotite" title="Saliotite">Saliotite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tosudite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tosudite (page does not exist)">Tosudite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Smectite" title="Smectite">Smectites</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vermiculite" title="Vermiculite">vermiculite</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beidellite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beidellite (page does not exist)">Beidellite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrosaponite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferrosaponite (page does not exist)">Ferrosaponite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montmorillonite" title="Montmorillonite">Montmorillonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nontronite" title="Nontronite">Nontronite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saponite" title="Saponite">Saponite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauconite" title="Sauconite">Sauconite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swinefordite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swinefordite (page does not exist)">Swinefordite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermiculite" title="Vermiculite">Vermiculite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volkonskoite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volkonskoite (page does not exist)">Volkonskoite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yakhontovite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yakhontovite (page does not exist)">Yakhontovite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chlorite_group" title="Chlorite group">Chlorites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baileychlore" class="mw-redirect" title="Baileychlore">Baileychlore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borocookeite" class="mw-redirect" title="Borocookeite">Borocookeite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamosite" title="Chamosite">Chamosite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinochlore" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinochlore">Clinochlore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cookeite" title="Cookeite">Cookeite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donbassite" class="mw-redirect" title="Donbassite">Donbassite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonyerite" class="mw-redirect" title="Gonyerite">Gonyerite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimite" class="mw-redirect" title="Nimite">Nimite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennantite" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennantite">Pennantite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudoite" title="Sudoite">Sudoite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Allophane" title="Allophane">Allophanes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allophane" title="Allophane">Allophane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysocolla" title="Chrysocolla">Chrysocolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imogolite" title="Imogolite">Imogolite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neotocite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neotocite (page does not exist)">Neotocite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sepiolite" title="Sepiolite">Sepiolites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falcondoite" title="Falcondoite">Falcondoite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrisepiolite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferrisepiolite (page does not exist)">Ferrisepiolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepiolite" title="Sepiolite">Sepiolite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrosmalite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrosmalite (page does not exist)">Pyrosmalites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friedelite" title="Friedelite">Friedelite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mcgillite" title="Mcgillite">Mcgillite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelenite" title="Nelenite">Nelenite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrosmalite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrosmalite (page does not exist)">Pyrosmalite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schallerite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schallerite (page does not exist)">Schallerite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stilpnomelane" title="Stilpnomelane">Stilpnomelanes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bannisterite" title="Bannisterite">Bannisterite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklinphilite" title="Franklinphilite">Franklinphilite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lennilenapeite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lennilenapeite (page does not exist)">Lennilenapeite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parsettensite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parsettensite (page does not exist)">Parsettensite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stilpnomelane" title="Stilpnomelane">Stilpnomelane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Structural groups mainly; based on rruff.info/ima, modified</li> <li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg/23px-Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg" decoding="async" width="23" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg/34px-Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg/46px-Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2893" data-file-height="3552" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Minerals" title="Portal:Minerals">Minerals portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mohs_scale_of_mineral_hardness" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mohs" title="Template:Mohs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Mohs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Mohs (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mohs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mohs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mohs_scale_of_mineral_hardness" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mohs_scale_of_mineral_hardness" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohs scale of mineral hardness">Mohs scale of mineral hardness</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Talc</a></li> <li>2 <a href="/wiki/Gypsum" title="Gypsum">Gypsum</a></li> <li>3 <a href="/wiki/Calcite" title="Calcite">Calcite</a></li> <li>4 <a href="/wiki/Fluorite" title="Fluorite">Fluorite</a></li> <li>5 <a href="/wiki/Apatite" title="Apatite">Apatite</a></li> <li>6 <a href="/wiki/Orthoclase" title="Orthoclase">Orthoclase</a></li> <li>7 <a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">Quartz</a></li> <li>8 <a href="/wiki/Topaz" title="Topaz">Topaz</a></li> <li>9 <a href="/wiki/Corundum" title="Corundum">Corundum</a></li> <li>10 <a href="/wiki/Diamond" title="Diamond">Diamond</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Clay_minerals" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Clay_minerals" title="Template:Clay minerals"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Clay_minerals" title="Template talk:Clay minerals"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Clay_minerals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Clay minerals"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Clay_minerals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Clay_mineral" title="Clay mineral">Clay minerals</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allophane" title="Allophane">Allophane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorite_group" title="Chlorite group">Chlorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dickite" title="Dickite">Dickite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloysite" title="Halloysite">Halloysite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hectorite" title="Hectorite">Hectorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illite" title="Illite">Illite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imogolite" title="Imogolite">Imogolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaolinite" title="Kaolinite">Kaolinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montmorillonite" title="Montmorillonite">Montmorillonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacrite" title="Nacrite">Nacrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nontronite" title="Nontronite">Nontronite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palygorskite" title="Palygorskite">Palygorskite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saponite" title="Saponite">Saponite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepiolite" title="Sepiolite">Sepiolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smectite" title="Smectite">Smectite</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Talc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg/23px-Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg" decoding="async" width="23" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg/34px-Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg/46px-Am%C3%A9thystre_sceptre2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2893" data-file-height="3552" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Minerals" title="Portal:Minerals">Minerals portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Drugs_for_acid_related_disorders:_Antacids_(A02A)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Antacids" title="Template:Antacids"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Antacids" title="Template talk:Antacids"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Antacids" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Antacids"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Drugs_for_acid_related_disorders:_Antacids_(A02A)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Drugs for acid related disorders: <a href="/wiki/Antacid" title="Antacid">Antacids</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_A02#A02A" title="ATC code A02">A02A</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Magnesium</a> (increases motility)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_carbonate" title="Magnesium carbonate">Magnesium carbonate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_oxide" title="Magnesium oxide">Magnesium oxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_peroxide" title="Magnesium peroxide">Magnesium peroxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_hydroxide" title="Magnesium hydroxide">Magnesium hydroxide</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Magnesium silicate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Aluminium</a> (decreases motility)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aceglutamide_aluminum" class="mw-redirect" title="Aceglutamide aluminum">Aceglutamide aluminum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_hydroxide" title="Aluminium hydroxide">Algeldrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_phosphate" title="Aluminium phosphate">Aluminium phosphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_acetoacetate" title="Aluminium acetoacetate">Aluminium acetoacetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloglutamol" title="Aloglutamol">Aloglutamol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_glycinate" title="Aluminium glycinate">Aluminium glycinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbaldrate" title="Carbaldrate">Carbaldrate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Calcium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calcium_carbonate" title="Calcium carbonate">Calcium carbonate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium_silicate" title="Calcium silicate">Calcium silicate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">Sodium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_bicarbonate" title="Sodium bicarbonate">Sodium bicarbonate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Combinations and complexes<br />of aluminium, calcium and magnesium</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almagate" title="Almagate">Almagate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almasilate" title="Almasilate">Almasilate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrotalcite" title="Hydrotalcite">Hydrotalcite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magaldrate" title="Magaldrate">Magaldrate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134583#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Talc"><a 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