CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134c28f6aeffd67',cH: 'SiBV9_.YbO1lBtVHLhLutmYmEW5r6_XhboET7PzpLMY-1739784639-1.2.1.1-HNg7gnn7kGO.eIADwC__Hc1YnEfdwV0i7yB5qebHq9CsTXWQnGyyccVQEmBbmjLG',cUPMDTk: "\/9998767\/chicago?__cf_chl_tk=fx_WipuIsQORlg4eOuvVZPuQiQoeGQv2KYHVbXPJJJU-1739784639-1.0.1.1-r0czmgyFDkkrkgFr1ON28GyFiyQ_qhrQIALbhP80VV4",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739784639',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/9998767\/chicago?__cf_chl_f_tk=fx_WipuIsQORlg4eOuvVZPuQiQoeGQv2KYHVbXPJJJU-1739784639-1.0.1.1-r0czmgyFDkkrkgFr1ON28GyFiyQ_qhrQIALbhP80VV4",md: "wObPJa8Mp_i__uh_D5x8SMKDRUnAYH6fa3_Z4ENlQOY-1739784639-1.2.1.1-pkIKJwhl4nXGq_RWgE0bKfOWbQhYDy7Ga7KgE5ceai_ixeSvkFQ6fehCpLNracvGbNCxMrgTGj_wv9QJ2_PUwoTuq.fQck7W5nmTYW3M6WB92RWs6QjVDVrNOFWzJnVs6wRxm5lGi0VyrGwinKkk6y7c.m3XNqQUadqBpu4CE7QE9ZGZgtfzFEmLROhj9U6SrFNWkH9l9jzqi9NkJreYrBnSjwNQS13yneX_wEQMzRCeT8yikisbVnB0_ZMfnviZqrlFSWvRC38tSEM6j02fW1.FArvOL35kzg9djp0.UANicKRKUJkoNSe7caNnvLb0MHF1VntNsmEPVfkFq5a6tDOMklz5FsD7bPK_1FAM9lD_hQlMWfg3QUsGnw_20TNkMQpvU4dVnZlrknCoIOlYMd4r7X0uuMs5hGaip8JysJH9rklZ96MApL5E99I.0cUxWYGlg9ynEWKVD2.OIlu8614l85U9Nu.9TB.9mq3Dqf72A_Bjk6T64v_ebsRozqqFPuCAcauvn3LgcyubaPLISNPWA5HeCfV2b1er2L7O2tXVAKb5oqlKto.bFfkTFk.bgL9mBKbb2HKKgYcRyXnw9IusEjyV.qdFNFcRqiK_IbFLt1H7vf1Nx9yvFvsHKfX_DtZ0jFkQgY5v.6rtRZbIgUQUBzKeqFzoZgl9eVDR5WNnfxo0A01viPlVQP2tNul.uxgOOs8t2mnpq6AfCuiDK58z1wn4LH5xCXCALpip_kSsKlpHF_EmBLFeK.HjxWel07xnIDNigL1Xu9E2wZlZe5ZnZm3eNoSwaVKcBTy2pokK94RxfwCKu94gm4dr4OildN3cHLaOOXWgrHyQFYz3LuZ_tA0I.gmML167ByOxf8DXTn5K_PERU6sfWXDZ_8pmnqLdKI4jUxKEH0V8kGeoWPtDMnWLhPUWFP0Q3w9NxbqEY_ExJl50KSNeh_r5ee_jMh23I.L_.G7DPfdqSitROCa276MPEH4SQa3YtAbWUkRrmENpo5l9t1spO9EV.Xn9lv6aQx4XKklSwbbCVPvlX6jMZVBk3S_lYbXF2Ta2BUYO.9MJuDxpZhllUitFS6KQO.aMg4eYXRpmdnwP9PlTmqHH51G_XfHWuSU3xfhNcvAUBz01hQooFCa6Ax3zZGDTz52fR1p9CfV7iaEySrc5m7ozmudsj1OM4p6d7AFfo1OxLQ4_sLldg64la78EursO4NWW8GaxsmcafNOJbD5r3xtIXPkiONghtSLR.xrrjAp9wzl98yP8JeUoY1z2IYJggzYWyBOaUAkn5ozVUQcqWCIsS1boA7VSUBvgkfaIAdnsQcJUKa0RdkPUVoy.3_dC3traEBK0WnA7Cn7tMrTkZyiS.0K47CuiPgGzgKi_djIX92M0OCiS9yI9QcRT1ZBURWUEQ_.eSKT.4wBu4bDaIlc8Lo69LFDVUwBtDZB4XwmwP2pz4HJxODqzKvbO4Q5yr2Vg5NHUHMQlsHV1nsVG_y.VmD2wqKv6cBa1T7wrktfxMucOo56Yb6E2.XDujkdlNhap61IRXKf3IS6TMDwX7ZFUus0MQuFVeLbU3aNC37SHIQFXC50u3Od8AOYda7G9bTRpGp8BdYH5dv3.i1mQtctS_IyqhbupcPSS_pJ05SZWuYaDNzeMv2VmoYKL2DrcKilbv753OeWNGJqtcuQWQT5EBzu5_OJhT8a7ouUTu_u9s7_U.uue4bm9am.28ychgsml2hlfawpAJGLU96_B28D1ca52CV7rMcmMKZijSLbP5lBTPr_U2JTuVEBMlIyJJwrE4vEpVjmMxCoOdjJOSxk_UadpE5xhtBDzU5klibb90fRSNQencv05Y6w7ARpaUjx2.n.5sO_Y8LihOtv9KgU8sgoesMpKkfpg8ofCwek",mdrd: "DbvlH8zEbY7LMBJPeiDlM0BHPero88KHP_6oFeHBxgw-1739784639-1.2.1.1-TIC54lcZR.sliC8uoTR.NkvwVaSsMxsOXRfFgIysweZkyQzhScUijX06KVDW1Aoa6YfWBDzyFlxw4PLhFFhb4bzpi3SU_dl2Aey0UfjN9dd1IcWxuF0GpZQ2qXBhTtNLDZkkYdObze8Iz89PgkNERBGdsrtpeclwMCI96IpV.MYSbF.5FJkg3wlbE1AwwVDg5gQ2Ep6C678av1QxUqEH5N5kSaLl29YbPdjLDJASEDvEYDbSC6fzBsyAXvV_uJLunHQYh9GX1JnmKco5KJLKOmqx5roPiLBM5sNVCYXkOgva_zJRfJHIW44S08Uo3Tv3lJh8_Z3ijZVaHTPAa15Y3k8lvvbvcgK5r9KUaC4ACtmxwD1BtBzbhTLoA_vJC37xtBI6ZZOuCoJDYB0uQGheCNFwZeYEKuUV9T8ZOi.j65dqjZ.WHq8kpPEQuGOjgR5HCNJn9InyGfkpQODPtdY7ERLAjcLlw2zkukEDh2LqoKU2gxqjrBqhulZmPA07GLV.Xt.3nIy2oNrkuDSTG.oNxFhcqV3ZcorBnrjDhLbHGix4GMcZPbhzQCeBsl9VnD0dnw8boqghiIV1Pf6N8MlBNa2inOBvllmgDGDicnQ_tg_anMCbKDa4y5QOUgIoZTV9VX4ONgdfB1ZQkdh_zpg1hgRQJmhHoHIAOurLufOVFK2K3EJRM_nj02ovyF4gruAlsrbIsxRE4Eo2qdiJe2GP0F6twuxo334ErI.18OHfjohLPzhrx1q_hJD0ZwN_xkrLeG2m._Gbd0lXr3YZemh.ZxJOGtYVrPpTrlTGf489xwNUfv2S1lwuecVpKEdo6AF6DO4y6.xXNIY2zlsWwLLDg2naTp2DrwsEV3C8sBGy1UR0aOQoZY0r0qZxp8SE.I52JQCPGMpAG7nh9xFwpPlhD3TappXPXq0PmZryTwsWCLWSYtT.j4DzFePSiBVrKGXSdiQuZ6uHig89mjblyvxVKUcvymp7D4obYgPmcfO_bmWvSUdqsso7ZBWGDlm1SXu2ajuqWgnsrDkuWHwejWCPBw.KQXmgzCqRcC.CgBzdDH9FKxJFeGrG.DzxehGi6E2u4n8qrl8epSXIORHiGBEHf89JfXt_wgEreaMvcNUutNmofJnKBmqmZyHjPifbChiVRPBJHtjvsDPDrUMwTqtevbpeFaU3z4i1Hl4f830sXorVPYQmDjnRKzwgJBG0Zp3ZbW2qPPNBD_fAjQ4OR_WQp1am1eJVXTQiO8ilTsJz1.6pYfjQhdea23BSgKkKv4hDCudufcuXzcjJcEXfWqRt4FO4ftqEmTETGsitiMoCnXGcNBVS1O2Xo678_ew77KZC6LOMMMKD606W3PTlRaEUs4bDybRemYW12JORMoe29Cm6GnK98aW9m2KBLbFlsVeNryZLFwRziU8q_h364SYPexGAUDEmV3HMYZ3.qd3gtjQ4jgdI2Rr4CVV_qGQn5WIj05pRKwNbnCW3j4EwnMEgp5oFBlZYMmHfKZpCRwOfoRRhIPrqCSZPQbtKttYSMnGlIDrqUdIc6a3tz49sNEj9zYSCHN6U7ofZ.Oafrk2AS8nIUpf4RG9OY0lPRC3w6XzgoQ.plBpjr8qWm1OJHKKT2sTGXQ8QluWc9aeSo_Vt2O4OMcIMsUtsBxKTJoiPmJiUYzr7hDMlHdDNPvXvMQYOn27077GIkLeqWbeTG1nEuOnP3DqTDsgiyXahSOG8TgzXVVCW8m0RHUsUbUPiG9HRj_H5XNsp4FYmpXgI3eVAn7FX44K6uq5a813unQ9W4bhU_OYbUEeDNcmg.s8fL.11gQ3v.ndTG1BniNN.gG89qZ.xxUkAO_x08eZlAh9Pxl.2RWk2SkZTTMbPqRUI_PUSBA369KzaDxgy4ELPuplNL2N5ybQkml1d1xjCNRxfG9ckwQESVMww3ThB30BxkOEWaRiDqTE9EXlSVQU64.3ZrdUnNpYhG0UFwZejXUCbbX0T"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134c28f6aeffd67';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/9998767\/chicago?__cf_chl_rt_tk=fx_WipuIsQORlg4eOuvVZPuQiQoeGQv2KYHVbXPJJJU-1739784639-1.0.1.1-r0czmgyFDkkrkgFr1ON28GyFiyQ_qhrQIALbhP80VV4" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>