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cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Life subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Overview</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Childhood_and_emigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Childhood_and_emigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Childhood and emigration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Childhood_and_emigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_and_encounters_with_Shams-e_Tabrizi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_and_encounters_with_Shams-e_Tabrizi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Education and encounters with Shams-e Tabrizi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_and_encounters_with_Shams-e_Tabrizi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_life_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_life_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Later life and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_life_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teachings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teachings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Teachings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teachings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Major works</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Major_works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Major works subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Major_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Poetic_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poetic_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Poetic works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poetic_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prose_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prose_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Prose works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prose_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_outlook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_outlook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Religious outlook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_outlook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Universality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Universality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Universality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Universality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iranian_world" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iranian_world"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Iranian world</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iranian_world-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mewlewī_Sufi_Order;_Rumi_and_Turkey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mewlewī_Sufi_Order;_Rumi_and_Turkey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Mewlewī Sufi Order; Rumi and Turkey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mewlewī_Sufi_Order;_Rumi_and_Turkey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_denomination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_denomination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Religious denomination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_denomination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eight-hundredth_anniversary_celebrations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eight-hundredth_anniversary_celebrations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Eight-hundredth anniversary celebrations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eight-hundredth_anniversary_celebrations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mawlana_Rumi_Review" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mawlana_Rumi_Review"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span><i>Mawlana Rumi Review</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mawlana_Rumi_Review-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-See_also-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle See also subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-General" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>General</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poems_by_Rumi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poems_by_Rumi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Poems by Rumi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poems_by_Rumi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Persian_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Persian_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Persian culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Persian_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rumi_scholars_and_writers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rumi_scholars_and_writers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Rumi scholars and writers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rumi_scholars_and_writers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-English_translators_of_Rumi_poetry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English_translators_of_Rumi_poetry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>English translators of Rumi poetry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English_translators_of_Rumi_poetry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-English_translations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English_translations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>English translations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English_translations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Life_and_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life_and_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Life and work</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Life_and_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Persian_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Persian_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Persian literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Persian_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rumi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 107 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-107" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">107 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalal_Uddin_Rumi" title="Jalal Uddin Rumi – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Jalal Uddin Rumi" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A9%E1%88%9A" title="ሩሚ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሩሚ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A" title="جلال الدين الرومي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جلال الدين الرومي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yalal_ad-Din_Rumi" title="Yalal ad-Din Rumi – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Yalal ad-Din Rumi" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yalal_ad-Din_Muhammad_Rumi" title="Yalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Yalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6vlana_C%C9%99lal%C9%99ddin_Rumi" title="Mövlana Cəlaləddin Rumi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mövlana Cəlaləddin Rumi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C" title="مولانا جلال‌الدین رومی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مولانا جلال‌الدین رومی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF" title="জালালুদ্দিন রুমি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জালালুদ্দিন রুমি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Йәләлетдин Руми – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Йәләлетдин Руми" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80" title="रूमी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रूमी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Rumi" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%B0%D0%B4-%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Мевляна Джалал ад-Дин Мухаммад Руми – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мевляна Джалал ад-Дин Мухаммад Руми" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEelaludin_Rumi" title="Dželaludin Rumi – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Dželaludin Rumi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rumi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Джалаладдин Руми – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Джалаладдин Руми" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Rumi" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEal%C3%A1ledd%C3%ADn_Balch%C3%AD_R%C3%BAm%C3%AD" title="Džaláleddín Balchí Rúmí – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Džaláleddín Balchí Rúmí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalal_ad-Din_Muhammad_Balkhi-Rumi" title="Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Balkhi-Rumi – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Balkhi-Rumi" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalal_al-Din_Muhammad_Rumi" title="Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalal_ad-Din_Rumi" title="Jalal ad-Din Rumi – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jalal ad-Din Rumi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi_(Dichter)" title="Rumi (Dichter) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rumi (Dichter)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%ABm%C4%AB" title="Rūmī – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rūmī" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BD_%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%AF" title="Τζελαλεντίν Ρουμί – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζελαλεντίν Ρουμί" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yalal_ad-Din_Muhammad_Rumi" title="Yalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Yalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9Calal_ad-Din_Muhammad_Rumi" title="Ĝalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĝalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Rumi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C" title="مولوی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مولوی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BBm%C3%AE" title="Rûmî – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rûmî" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjelal_ed-Din_R%C3%BBmy" title="Tjelal ed-Din Rûmy – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tjelal ed-Din Rûmy" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Rumi" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rumi" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%AA%E7%9C%89" title="努眉 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="努眉" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A" title="مؤلوي – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="مؤلوي" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%82%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%80" title="રૂમી – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="રૂમી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EB%AF%B8" title="루미 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루미" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Rumi" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%AB" title="Ռումի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռումի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80" title="जलालुद्दीन रूमी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जलालुद्दीन रूमी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEelaluddin_Rumi" title="Dželaluddin Rumi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dželaluddin Rumi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Rumi" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalaluddin_Rumi" title="Jalaluddin Rumi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jalaluddin Rumi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalal_al-Din_Rumi" title="Jalal al-Din Rumi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jalal al-Din Rumi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%90-%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99" title="ג'לאל א-דין רומי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'לאל א-דין רומי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalaluddin_Rumi" title="Jalaluddin Rumi – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Jalaluddin Rumi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF" title="ರೂಮಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರೂಮಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Rumi" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ჯალალედინ რუმი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯალალედინ რუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%97%D9%85%DB%8C" title="روٗمی – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="روٗمی" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Жалаладдин Руми – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жалаладдин Руми" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celaled%C3%AEn%C3%AA_R%C3%BBm%C3%AE" title="Celaledînê Rûmî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Celaledînê Rûmî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Руми – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Руми" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Rumi" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanus_(poeta_Persicus)" title="Romanus (poeta Persicus) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Romanus (poeta Persicus)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%ABm%C4%AB" title="Rūmī – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rūmī" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rumi" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Rumi" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalal_ad-Din_Muhammad_Balkhi-Rumi" title="Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Balkhi-Rumi – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Balkhi-Rumi" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzsal%C3%A1l_ad-D%C3%ADn_R%C3%BAm%C3%AD" title="Dzsalál ad-Dín Rúmí – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dzsalál ad-Dín Rúmí" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Џалалудин Руми – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Џалалудин Руми" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djal%C3%A2l_ad-D%C3%AEn_R%C3%BBm%C3%AE" title="Djalâl ad-Dîn Rûmî – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Djalâl ad-Dîn Rûmî" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF" title="റൂമി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റൂമി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%89" title="جلال الدين الرومى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جلال الدين الرومى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalaluddin_Muhammad_Rumi" title="Jalaluddin Muhammad Rumi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jalaluddin Muhammad Rumi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalaluddin_Rumi" title="Jalaluddin Rumi – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Jalaluddin Rumi" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalal_ad-Din_Rumi" title="Jalal ad-Din Rumi – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jalal ad-Din Rumi" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A6%E3%83%83%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9F%E3%83%BC" title="ジャラール・ウッディーン・ルーミー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジャラール・ウッディーン・ルーミー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rumi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Rumi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaloliddin_Rumiy" title="Jaloliddin Rumiy – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Jaloliddin Rumiy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80" title="ਰੂਮੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੂਮੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AE%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C" title="مولانا جلال ‌الدین محمد بلخی رومی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مولانا جلال ‌الدین محمد بلخی رومی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A" title="جلال الدين رومي – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جلال الدين رومي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalal_ad-Din_Muhammad_Balkhi-Rumi" title="Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Balkhi-Rumi – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Balkhi-Rumi" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rumi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalaladim_Maom%C3%A9_Rumi" title="Jalaladim Maomé Rumi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jalaladim Maomé Rumi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jal%C4%81l_ad-D%C4%ABn_Muhammad_R%C5%ABm%C4%AB" title="Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Rūmī – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Rūmī" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Джалаладдин Руми – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джалаладдин Руми" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Rumi" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mevlana_Xhelaludin_Rumi" title="Mevlana Xhelaludin Rumi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mevlana Xhelaludin Rumi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rumi" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A" title="رومي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="رومي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEal%C3%A1l_ad-D%C3%ADn_R%C3%BAm%C3%AD" title="Džalál ad-Dín Rúmí – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Džalál ad-Dín Rúmí" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rumi" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%95%DB%86%D9%85%DB%8C" title="مەولانای ڕۆمی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مەولانای ڕۆمی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Џелалудин Руми – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џелалудин Руми" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEelaludin_Rumi" title="Dželaludin Rumi – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dželaludin Rumi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalal_ad-Din_Muhammad_Balkhi-Rumi" title="Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Balkhi-Rumi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Balkhi-Rumi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalal_al-din_Rumi" title="Jalal al-din Rumi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jalal al-din Rumi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Rumi" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF" title="ரூமி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ரூமி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%96%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%82%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Җәлаләтдин Руми – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Җәлаләтдин Руми" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF" title="జలాలుద్దీన్ ముహమ్మద్ రూమి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జలాలుద్దీన్ ముహమ్మద్ రూమి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2_%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94_%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5" title="เมาลานา ญะลาลุดดิน มุฮัมมัด รูมี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เมาลานา ญะลาลุดดิน มุฮัมมัด รูมี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%85%D3%A3" title="Ҷалолуддини Балхӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷалолуддини Балхӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mevl%C3%A2n%C3%A2_Cel%C3%A2ledd%C3%AEn-i_R%C3%BBm%C3%AE" title="Mevlânâ Celâleddîn-i Rûmî – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mevlânâ Celâleddîn-i Rûmî" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammet_Jelaletdin_Rumy" title="Muhammet Jelaletdin Rumy – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Muhammet Jelaletdin Rumy" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%96" title="Джалаледдін Румі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джалаледдін Румі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C" title="جلال الدین رومی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جلال الدین رومی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%DB%8B%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89%D8%AF%D8%AF%D9%89%D9%86_%D8%B1%DB%87%D9%85%D9%89" title="مەۋلانا جالالىددىن رۇمى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مەۋلانا جالالىددىن رۇمى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Rumi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roumi" title="Roumi – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Roumi" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Rumi" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E7%B1%B3" title="鲁米 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="鲁米" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Rumi" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AD%AF%E7%B1%B3" title="魯米 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="魯米" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Rumi" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E7%B1%B3" title="鲁米 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="鲁米" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Sufi scholar and poet (1207–1273)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Rumi_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Rumi (disambiguation)">Rumi (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;background: #9BE89B; color: #000000;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;">Mawlānā, Mevlânâ</div><div class="fn">Rumi</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname" lang="fa"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">رومی</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF_%28cropped%29.jpg/375px-%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="624" data-file-height="697" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Rumi, by Iranian artist <a href="/wiki/Hossein_Behzad" title="Hossein Behzad">Hossein Behzad</a> (1957)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Title</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Jalaluddin</i>, <i>jalāl al-Din</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-EI_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Mevlana</i>, <i>Mawlana</i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #9BE89B; color: #000000;">Personal life</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">30 September 1207<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Balkh</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Wakhsh" class="mw-redirect" title="Wakhsh">Wakhsh</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Balkh_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balkh-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Khwarezmian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Khwarezmian Empire">Khwarezmian Empire</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">17 December 1273 (aged 66)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Konya" title="Konya">Konya</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>), <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Sultanate of Rum</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data">Tomb of Mevlana Rumi, <a href="/wiki/Mevlana_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Mevlana Museum">Mevlana Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konya" title="Konya">Konya</a>, Turkey</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/Khwarezmian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Khwarezmian Empire">Khwarezmian Empire</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Sultanate of Rum</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Home town</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wakhsh" class="mw-redirect" title="Wakhsh">Wakhsh</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>) or <a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Balkh</a> present-day <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Gevher Khatun, Karra Khatun</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Walad" title="Sultan Walad">Sultan Walad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulu_Arif_Chelebi" title="Ulu Arif Chelebi">Ulu Arif Chelebi</a>, Amir Alim Chelebi, Malike Khatun.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Baha al-Din Valad (father)</li><li>Mo'mena Khatun (mother)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Golden_Age" title="Islamic Golden Age">Islamic Golden Age</a> <br /> (7th <a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic century</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Main interest(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sufi_poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi poetry">Sufi poetry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hanafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi">Hanafi</a> jurisprudence, <a href="/wiki/Maturidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Maturidi">Maturidi</a> theology</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable idea(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sufi_whirling" title="Sufi whirling">Sufi whirling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muraqaba" class="mw-redirect" title="Muraqaba">Muraqaba</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable work(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Masnavi" title="Masnavi"><i>Mathnawī-ī ma'nawī</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Diwan-e_Shams-e_Tabrizi" class="mw-redirect" title="Diwan-e Shams-e Tabrizi"><i>Dīwān-ī Shams-ī Tabrīzī</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Fihi_Ma_Fihi" title="Fihi Ma Fihi"><i>Fīhi mā fīhi</i></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mathnawi" title="Mathnawi">Mathnawi</a>, Rumi Music</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #9BE89B; color: #000000;">Religious life</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Denomination</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Order</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sufi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi">Sufi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Philosophy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">Mysticism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jurisprudence</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Hanafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi">Hanafi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Tariqa" title="Tariqa">Tariqa</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mevlevi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mevlevi">Mevlevi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Creed</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Maturidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Maturidi">Maturidi</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #9BE89B; color: #000000;">Muslim leader</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shams_Tabrizi" title="Shams Tabrizi">Shams-i Tabrizi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baha-ud-din_Zakariya" class="mw-redirect" title="Baha-ud-din Zakariya">Baha-ud-din Zakariya</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Husam_al-Din_Chalabi" title="Husam al-Din Chalabi">Husam al-Din Chalabi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Walad" title="Sultan Walad">Sultan Walad</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding:0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Influenced by</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:center;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hanifa" title="Abu Hanifa">Abu Hanifa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Maturidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Maturidi">al-Maturidi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazali" title="Al-Ghazali">Al-Ghazali</a>, Muhaqqeq Termezi, <a href="/wiki/Baha-ud-din_Zakariya" class="mw-redirect" title="Baha-ud-din Zakariya">Baha-ud-din Zakariya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Farid_al-Din_Attar" class="mw-redirect" title="Farid al-Din Attar">Attār</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanai" title="Sanai">Sanā'ī</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abusaeid_Abolkheir" class="mw-redirect" title="Abusaeid Abolkheir">Abu Sa'īd Abulḫayr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abul-Hassan_Kharaqani" class="mw-redirect" title="Abul-Hassan Kharaqani">Ḫaraqānī</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bayazid_Bistami" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayazid Bistami">Bayazīd Bistāmī</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Walad" title="Sultan Walad">Sultan Walad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shams_Tabrizi" title="Shams Tabrizi">Shams Tabrizi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Arabi" title="Ibn Arabi">Ibn Arabi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sadr_al-Din_al-Qunawi" title="Sadr al-Din al-Qunawi">Sadr al-Din al-Qunawi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding:0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Influenced</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:center;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jami" title="Jami">Jami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shah_Abdul_Latif_Bhittai" title="Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai">Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" title="Kazi Nazrul Islam">Kazi Nazrul Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abdolhossein_Zarrinkoob" title="Abdolhossein Zarrinkoob">Abdolhossein Zarrinkoob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abdolkarim_Soroush" title="Abdolkarim Soroush">Abdolkarim Soroush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hossein_Elahi_Ghomshei" title="Hossein Elahi Ghomshei">Hossein Elahi Ghomshei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal" title="Muhammad Iqbal">Muhammad Iqbal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hossein_Nasr" class="mw-redirect" title="Hossein Nasr">Hossein Nasr</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Yunus_Emre" title="Yunus Emre">Yunus Emre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eva_de_Vitray-Meyerovitch" title="Eva de Vitray-Meyerovitch">Eva de Vitray-Meyerovitch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Annemarie_Schimmel" title="Annemarie Schimmel">Annemarie Schimmel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b><a href="/wiki/Arabic_name" title="Arabic name">Arabic name</a></b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.4em; line-height:135%;"><a href="/wiki/Ism_(name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ism (name)">Personal <small>(<i>Ism</i>)</small></a></th><td class="infobox-data">Muḥammad<br /><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">محمد</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.4em; line-height:135%;"><a href="/wiki/Nasab" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasab">Patronymic <small>(<i>Nasab</i>)</small></a></th><td class="infobox-data">ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn Aḥmad<br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">بن محمد بن الحسين بن أحمد</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.4em; line-height:135%;"><a href="/wiki/Laqab" class="mw-redirect" title="Laqab">Epithet <small>(<i>Laqab</i>)</small></a></th><td class="infobox-data">Jalāl ad-Dīn<br /><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">جلال‌الدین</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.4em; line-height:135%;"><a href="/wiki/Nisba_(onomastics)" title="Nisba (onomastics)">Toponymic <small>(<i>Nisba</i>)</small></a></th><td class="infobox-data">ar-Rūmī<br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الرومي</span></span><br />al-Khaṭībī<br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الخطيبي</span></span><br />al-Balkhī<br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">البلخي</span></span><br />al-Bakrī<br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">البكري</span></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Farsi.svg/40px-Farsi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Farsi.svg/60px-Farsi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Farsi.svg/80px-Farsi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="384" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/Persian_alphabet" title="Persian alphabet">Persian text</a>.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Arabic" title="Help:Arabic">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a>.</div></div> </div> <p><b>Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad Rūmī</b> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">جلال‌الدین محمّد رومی</span>), or simply <b>Rumi</b> (30 September 1207 – 17 December 1273), was a 13th-century poet, <a href="/wiki/Hanafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi">Hanafi</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Faqih" class="mw-redirect" title="Faqih">faqih</a></i> (jurist), <a href="/wiki/Ulama" title="Ulama">Islamic scholar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maturidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Maturidi">Maturidi</a> <a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">theologian</a> (<i>mutakallim</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufi</a> <a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">mystic</a> originally from <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Greater Khorasan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greater_Iran" title="Greater Iran">Greater Iran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lewis_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lewis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rumi's works were written mostly in <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>, but occasionally he also used <a href="/wiki/Old_Anatolian_Turkish" title="Old Anatolian Turkish">Turkish</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Annemarie_Schimmel_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Annemarie_Schimmel-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a><sup id="cite_ref-Franklin_Lewis_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franklin_Lewis-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_Greek" title="Cappadocian Greek">Greek</a><sup id="cite_ref-Dedes1993_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dedes1993-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in his verse. His <i><a href="/wiki/Masnavi" title="Masnavi">Masnavi</a></i> (<i>Mathnawi</i>), composed in <a href="/wiki/Konya" title="Konya">Konya</a>, is considered one of the greatest poems of the Persian language.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-C.E._Bosworth_p._391_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C.E._Bosworth_p._391-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rumi's influence has transcended national borders and ethnic divisions: <a href="/wiki/Persians" title="Persians">Iranians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghans" title="Afghans">Afghans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tajiks" title="Tajiks">Tajiks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_Greeks" title="Cappadocian Greeks">Greeks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Asian peoples">Central Asian Muslims</a>, as well as Muslims of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> have greatly appreciated his spiritual legacy for the past seven centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-hurriyetdailynews.com_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hurriyetdailynews.com-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nasr1_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nasr1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His poetry influenced not only <a href="/wiki/Persian_literature" title="Persian literature">Persian literature</a>, but also the literary traditions of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Turkish language">Ottoman Turkish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chagatai_language" title="Chagatai language">Chagatai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish languages">Kurdish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> languages.<sup id="cite_ref-hurriyetdailynews.com_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hurriyetdailynews.com-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rumi's works are widely read today in their original language across <a href="/wiki/Greater_Iran" title="Greater Iran">Greater Iran</a> and the Persian-speaking world.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His poems have subsequently been translated into many of the world's languages and transposed into various formats. Rumi has been described as the "most popular poet",<sup id="cite_ref-BBC-Haviland_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-Haviland-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is very popular in <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has become the "best selling poet" in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2></div> <p>He is most commonly called <i>Rumi</i> in English. His full name is given by his contemporary <a href="/wiki/Faridun_bin_Ahmad_Sipahsalar" title="Faridun bin Ahmad Sipahsalar">Faridun bin Ahmad Sipahsalar</a> as <i>Muhammad bin Muhammad bin al-Husayn al-Khatibi al-Balkhi al-Bakri</i> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">محمد بن محمد بن الحسين الخطيبي البلخي البكري</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is more commonly known as <i>Molānā Jalāl ad-Dīn Muḥammad Rūmī</i> (<span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">مولانا جلال‌الدین محمد رومی</span></span>). <i>Jalal ad-Din</i> is an <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> name meaning "Glory of the Faith". <i>Balkhī</i> and <i>Rūmī</i> are his <i><a href="/wiki/Nisba_(onomastics)" title="Nisba (onomastics)">nisbas</a></i>, meaning, respectively, "from <a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Balkh</a>" and "from <a href="/wiki/Rum_(endonym)" title="Rum (endonym)">Rûm</a>", as he was from the Sultanate of Rûm in <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the authoritative Rumi biographer <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Lewis" title="Franklin Lewis">Franklin Lewis</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>, "[t]he Anatolian peninsula which had belonged to the Byzantine, or eastern Roman empire, had only relatively recently been conquered by Muslims and even when it came to be controlled by Turkish Muslim rulers, it was still known to Arabs, Persians and Turks as the geographical area of Rum. As such, there are a number of historical personages born in or associated with Anatolia known as Rumi, a word borrowed from Persian literally meaning 'Roman,' in which context Roman refers to subjects of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> or simply to people living in or things associated with <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also known as "Mullah of Rum" (<span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ملای روم</span></span> <i>mullā-yi Rūm</i> or <span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ملای رومی</span></span> <i>mullā-yi Rūmī</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rumi is widely known by the <a href="/wiki/Sobriquet" title="Sobriquet">sobriquet</a> <i>Mawlānā</i>/<i>Molānā</i><sup id="cite_ref-EI_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-encyclopaedia1991_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopaedia1991-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">مولانا</span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Persian pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fa-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">[moulɒːnɒ]</a></span>) in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> and popularly known as <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">Mevlânâ</i></span> in Turkey. <i>Mawlānā</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">مولانا</span></span>) is a term of <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> origin, meaning "our master". The term <span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">مولوی</span></span> <i>Mawlawī</i>/<i>Mowlavi</i> (Persian) and <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">Mevlevi</i></span> (Turkish), also of Arabic origin, meaning "my master", is also frequently used for him.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jalal_al-Din_Rumi,_Showing_His_Love_for_His_Young_Disciple_Hussam_al-Din_Chelebi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Jalal_al-Din_Rumi%2C_Showing_His_Love_for_His_Young_Disciple_Hussam_al-Din_Chelebi.jpg/220px-Jalal_al-Din_Rumi%2C_Showing_His_Love_for_His_Young_Disciple_Hussam_al-Din_Chelebi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="396" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Jalal_al-Din_Rumi%2C_Showing_His_Love_for_His_Young_Disciple_Hussam_al-Din_Chelebi.jpg/330px-Jalal_al-Din_Rumi%2C_Showing_His_Love_for_His_Young_Disciple_Hussam_al-Din_Chelebi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Jalal_al-Din_Rumi%2C_Showing_His_Love_for_His_Young_Disciple_Hussam_al-Din_Chelebi.jpg/440px-Jalal_al-Din_Rumi%2C_Showing_His_Love_for_His_Young_Disciple_Hussam_al-Din_Chelebi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="555" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Jalal ad-Din Rumi gathers <a href="/wiki/Sufi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi">Sufi</a> mystics</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overview">Overview</h3></div> <p>Rumi was born to Persian parents,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Annemarie_Schimmel_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Annemarie_Schimmel-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Franklin_Lewis_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franklin_Lewis-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nasr2_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nasr2-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Balkh</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> modern-day <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wakhsh" class="mw-redirect" title="Wakhsh">Wakhsh</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Balkh_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balkh-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a village on the East bank of the <a href="/wiki/Wakhsh_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Wakhsh River">Wakhsh River</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Sangtuda" title="Sangtuda">Sangtuda</a> in present-day <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Balkh_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balkh-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The area, culturally adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Balkh</a>, is where Mawlânâ's father, Bahâ' uddîn Walad, was a preacher and jurist.<sup id="cite_ref-Balkh_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balkh-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He lived and worked there until 1212, when Rumi was aged around five and the family moved to <a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarkand</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Balkh_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balkh-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Greater Balkh was at that time a major centre of Persian culture<sup id="cite_ref-C.E._Bosworth_p._391_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C.E._Bosworth_p._391-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nasr2_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nasr2-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a> had developed there for several centuries. The most important influences upon Rumi, besides his father, were the Persian poets <a href="/wiki/Attar_of_Nishapur" title="Attar of Nishapur">Attar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sanai" title="Sanai">Sanai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rumi expresses his appreciation: "Attar was the spirit, Sanai his eyes twain, And in time thereafter, Came we in their train"<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and mentions in another poem: "Attar has traversed the seven cities of Love, We are still at the turn of one street".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father was also connected to the spiritual lineage of <a href="/wiki/Najm_al-Din_Kubra" title="Najm al-Din Kubra">Najm al-Din Kubra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nasr1_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nasr1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rumi lived most of his life under the <a href="/wiki/Persianate_society" title="Persianate society">Persianate</a><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_dynasty" title="Seljuk dynasty">Seljuk</a> <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Sultanate of Rum</a>, where he produced his works<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and died in 1273<span class="nowrap"> </span>AD. He was buried in <a href="/wiki/Konya" title="Konya">Konya</a>, and his shrine became a place of pilgrimage.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon his death, his followers and his son <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Walad" title="Sultan Walad">Sultan Walad</a> founded the <a href="/wiki/Mevlevi_Order" title="Mevlevi Order">Mevlevi Order</a>, also known as the Order of the Whirling Dervishes, famous for the <a href="/wiki/Sufi_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi dance">Sufi dance</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Sama_(Sufism)" title="Sama (Sufism)">Sama</a> ceremony. He was laid to rest beside his father, and over his remains a shrine was erected. A hagiographical account of him is described in Shams ud-Din Ahmad Aflāki's <i>Manāqib ul-Ārifīn</i> (written between 1318 and 1353). This biography needs to be treated with care as it contains both legends and facts about Rumi.<sup id="cite_ref-howisit_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-howisit-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, Professor <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Lewis" title="Franklin Lewis">Franklin Lewis</a> of the University of Chicago, author of the most complete biography on Rumi, has separate sections for the <a href="/wiki/Hagiography" title="Hagiography">hagiographical</a> biography of Rumi and the actual biography about him.<sup id="cite_ref-hagiographer1_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hagiographer1-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Childhood_and_emigration">Childhood and emigration</h3></div> <p>Rumi's father was Bahā ud-Dīn Walad, a theologian, jurist and a <a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">mystic</a> from Wakhsh,<sup id="cite_ref-Balkh_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balkh-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who was also known by the followers of Rumi as Sultan al-Ulama or "Sultan of the Scholars". According to Sultan Walad's <i>Ibadetname</i> and Shamsuddin Aflaki (c.1286 to 1291), Rumi was a descendant of <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some modern scholars, however, reject this claim and state it does not hold on closer examination. The claim of maternal descent from the <a href="/wiki/Khwarazmshah" title="Khwarazmshah">Khwarazmshah</a> for Rumi or his father is also seen as a non-historical hagiographical tradition designed to connect the family with royalty, but this claim is rejected for chronological and historical reasons. The most complete genealogy offered for the family stretches back to six or seven generations to famous Hanafi jurists.<sup id="cite_ref-hagiographer1_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hagiographer1-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hagiographer2_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hagiographer2-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hagiographer3_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hagiographer3-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>We do not learn the name of Baha al-Din's mother in the sources, only that he referred to her as "Māmi" (colloquial Persian for Māma),<sup id="cite_ref-hagiographer4_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hagiographer4-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that she was a simple woman who lived to the 1200s. The mother of Rumi was Mu'mina Khātūn. The profession of the family for several generations was that of Islamic preachers of the relatively liberal <a href="/wiki/Hanafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi">Hanafi</a> <a href="/wiki/Maturidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Maturidi">Maturidi</a> school, and this family tradition was continued by Rumi (see his Fihi Ma Fih and Seven Sermons) and Sultan Walad (see Ma'rif Waladi for examples of his everyday sermons and lectures). </p><p>When the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_the_Khwarazmian_Empire" title="Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire">Mongols invaded Central Asia</a> sometime between 1215 and 1220, Baha ud-Din Walad, with his whole family and a group of disciples, set out westwards. According to hagiographical account which is not agreed upon by all Rumi scholars, Rumi encountered one of the most famous mystic Persian poets, <a href="/wiki/Attar_of_Nishapur" title="Attar of Nishapur">Attar</a>, in the Iranian city of <a href="/wiki/Nishapur" title="Nishapur">Nishapur</a>, located in the province of Khorāsān. Attar immediately recognized Rumi's spiritual eminence. He saw the father walking ahead of the son and said, "Here comes a sea followed by an ocean."<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Attar gave the boy his <i>Asrārnāma</i>, a book about the entanglement of the soul in the material world. This meeting had a deep impact on the eighteen-year-old Rumi and later on became the inspiration for his works. </p><p>From Nishapur, Walad and his entourage set out for <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>, meeting many of the scholars and Sufis of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From Baghdad they went to <a href="/wiki/Hejaz" title="Hejaz">Hejaz</a> and performed the <a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">pilgrimage</a> at <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>. The migrating caravan then passed through <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malatya" title="Malatya">Malatya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erzincan" title="Erzincan">Erzincan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sivas" title="Sivas">Sivas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kayseri" title="Kayseri">Kayseri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nigde" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigde">Nigde</a>. They finally settled in <a href="/wiki/Karaman" title="Karaman">Karaman</a> for seven years; Rumi's mother and brother both died there. In 1225, Rumi married Gowhar Khatun in Karaman. They had two sons: Sultan Walad and Ala-eddin Chalabi. When his wife died, Rumi married again and had a son, Amir Alim Chalabi, and a daughter, Malakeh Khatun. </p><p>On 1 May 1228, most likely as a result of the insistent invitation of <a href="/wiki/Kayqubad_I" title="Kayqubad I">'Alā' ud-Dīn Key-Qobād</a>, ruler of Anatolia, Baha' ud-Din came and finally settled in Konya in <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> within the westernmost territories of the <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Sultanate_of_R%C3%BBm" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm">Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education_and_encounters_with_Shams-e_Tabrizi">Education and encounters with Shams-e Tabrizi</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shams_ud-Din_Tabriz_1502-1504_BNF_Paris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Shams_ud-Din_Tabriz_1502-1504_BNF_Paris.jpg/220px-Shams_ud-Din_Tabriz_1502-1504_BNF_Paris.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Shams_ud-Din_Tabriz_1502-1504_BNF_Paris.jpg/330px-Shams_ud-Din_Tabriz_1502-1504_BNF_Paris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Shams_ud-Din_Tabriz_1502-1504_BNF_Paris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="418" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>A page of a copy c. 1503 of the <i><a href="/wiki/Diwan-e_Shams-e_Tabriz-i" class="mw-redirect" title="Diwan-e Shams-e Tabriz-i">Diwan-e Shams-e Tabriz-i</a></i>. See <a href="/wiki/Rumi_ghazal_163" title="Rumi ghazal 163">Rumi ghazal 163</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Baha' ud-Din became the head of a <a href="/wiki/Madrassa" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrassa">madrassa</a> (religious school) and when he died, Rumi, aged twenty-five, inherited his position as the Islamic molvi. One of Baha' ud-Din's students, Sayyed Burhan ud-Din Muhaqqiq Termazi, continued to train Rumi in the <a href="/wiki/Shariah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shariah">Shariah</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Tariqa" title="Tariqa">Tariqa</a>, especially that of Rumi's father. For nine years, Rumi practised Sufism as a disciple of Burhan ud-Din until the latter died in 1240 or 1241. Rumi's public life then began: he became an Islamic Jurist, issuing <a href="/wiki/Fatwas" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatwas">fatwas</a> and giving sermons in the mosques of Konya. He also served as a Molvi (Islamic teacher) and taught his adherents in the madrassa. </p><p>During this period, Rumi also travelled to <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> and is said to have spent four years there. </p><p>It was his meeting with the dervish <a href="/wiki/Shams-e_Tabrizi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shams-e Tabrizi">Shams-e Tabrizi</a> on 15 November 1244 that completely changed his life. From an accomplished teacher and jurist, Rumi was transformed into an ascetic. </p><p>Shams had travelled throughout the Middle East searching and praying for someone who could "endure my company". A voice said to him: "What will you give in return?" Shams replied, "My head!" The voice then said, "The one you seek is Jalal ud-Din of Konya." On the night of 5 December 1248, as Rumi and Shams were talking, Shams was called to the back door. He went out, never to be seen again. It is rumoured that Shams was murdered with the connivance of Rumi's son, 'Ala' ud-Din; if so, Shams indeed gave his head for the privilege of mystical friendship.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rumi's love for, and his bereavement at the death of, Shams found their expression in an outpouring of lyric poems, <a href="/wiki/Diwan-e_Shams-e_Tabrizi" class="mw-redirect" title="Diwan-e Shams-e Tabrizi"><i>Divan-e Shams-e Tabrizi</i></a>. He himself went out searching for Shams and journeyed again to Damascus. There, he realised: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"> <p>Why should I seek? I am the same as<br /> He. His essence speaks through me.<br /> I have been looking for myself!<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_life_and_death">Later life and death</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ahmad_ibn_Hajji_Abi_Bakr_al-Katib_-_Double-page_Illuminated_Frontispiece_-_Walters_W6252B_-_Full_Page.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ahmad_ibn_Hajji_Abi_Bakr_al-Katib_-_Double-page_Illuminated_Frontispiece_-_Walters_W6252B_-_Full_Page.jpg/220px-Ahmad_ibn_Hajji_Abi_Bakr_al-Katib_-_Double-page_Illuminated_Frontispiece_-_Walters_W6252B_-_Full_Page.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ahmad_ibn_Hajji_Abi_Bakr_al-Katib_-_Double-page_Illuminated_Frontispiece_-_Walters_W6252B_-_Full_Page.jpg/330px-Ahmad_ibn_Hajji_Abi_Bakr_al-Katib_-_Double-page_Illuminated_Frontispiece_-_Walters_W6252B_-_Full_Page.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ahmad_ibn_Hajji_Abi_Bakr_al-Katib_-_Double-page_Illuminated_Frontispiece_-_Walters_W6252B_-_Full_Page.jpg/440px-Ahmad_ibn_Hajji_Abi_Bakr_al-Katib_-_Double-page_Illuminated_Frontispiece_-_Walters_W6252B_-_Full_Page.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>Double-page illuminated frontispiece, 1st book (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">دفتر</span>, "daftar") of the Collection of poems (<a href="/wiki/Masnavi" title="Masnavi"><i>Masnavi-i ma'navi</i></a>), 1461 manuscript</figcaption></figure> <p>Mewlana had been spontaneously composing <i><a href="/wiki/Ghazal" title="Ghazal">ghazals</a></i> (Persian poems), and these had been collected in the <i>Divan-i Kabir</i> or Diwan Shams Tabrizi. Rumi found another companion in Salaḥ ud-Din-e Zarkub, a goldsmith. After Salah ud-Din's death, Rumi's scribe and favourite student, <a href="/wiki/Husam_al-Din_Chalabi" title="Husam al-Din Chalabi">Hussam-e Chalabi</a>, assumed the role of Rumi's companion. One day, the two of them were wandering through the Meram vineyards outside Konya when Hussam described to Rumi an idea he had had: "If you were to write a book like the <i>Ilāhīnāma</i> of Sanai or the <i>Mantiq ut-Tayr</i> of 'Attar, it would become the companion of many troubadours. They would fill their hearts from your work and compose music to accompany it." Rumi smiled and took out a piece of paper on which were written the opening eighteen lines of his <i>Masnavi</i>, beginning with: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"> <p>Listen to the reed and the tale it tells,<br /> How it sings of separation...<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>Hussam implored Rumi to write more. Rumi spent the next twelve years of his life in Anatolia dictating the six volumes of this masterwork, the <i>Masnavi</i>, to Hussam. </p><p>In December 1273, Rumi fell ill; he predicted his own death and composed the well-known <i>ghazal</i>, which begins with the verse: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"> <p>How doest thou know what sort of king I have within me as companion?<br /> Do not cast thy glance upon my golden face, for I have iron legs.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maulana_Jelaledin_Muhammad_Rumi_in_konya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Maulana_Jelaledin_Muhammad_Rumi_in_konya.jpg/220px-Maulana_Jelaledin_Muhammad_Rumi_in_konya.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Maulana_Jelaledin_Muhammad_Rumi_in_konya.jpg/330px-Maulana_Jelaledin_Muhammad_Rumi_in_konya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Maulana_Jelaledin_Muhammad_Rumi_in_konya.jpg/440px-Maulana_Jelaledin_Muhammad_Rumi_in_konya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4680" data-file-height="3116" /></a><figcaption>Tomb shrine of Rumi, <a href="/wiki/Konya" title="Konya">Konya</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Rumi died on 17 December 1273 in <a href="/wiki/Konya" title="Konya">Konya</a>. His death was mourned by the diverse community of Konya, with local Christians and Jews joining the crowd that converged to bid farewell as his body was carried through the city.<sup id="cite_ref-Mojaddedi-19_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mojaddedi-19-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rumi's body was interred beside that of his father, and a splendid shrine, the "Green Tomb" (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: Yeşil Türbe, <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">قبة الخضراء</span>; today the <a href="/wiki/Mevlana_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Mevlana Museum">Mevlâna Museum</a>), was erected over his place of burial. His epitaph reads: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"> <p>When we are dead, seek not our tomb in the earth, but find it in the hearts of men.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>Georgian princess and Seljuq queen <a href="/wiki/Gurju_Khatun" title="Gurju Khatun">Gurju Khatun</a> was a close friend of Rumi. She was the one who sponsored the construction of <a href="/wiki/Mevlana_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Mevlana Museum">his tomb</a> in <a href="/wiki/Konya" title="Konya">Konya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 13th-century <a href="/wiki/Mevlana_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Mevlana Museum">Mevlâna Mausoleum</a>, with its mosque, dance hall, schools and living quarters for dervishes, remains a destination of pilgrimage to this day, and is probably the most popular pilgrimage site to be regularly visited by adherents of every major religion.<sup id="cite_ref-Mojaddedi-19_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mojaddedi-19-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teachings">Teachings</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkey.Konya021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Turkey.Konya021.jpg/220px-Turkey.Konya021.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Turkey.Konya021.jpg/330px-Turkey.Konya021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Turkey.Konya021.jpg/440px-Turkey.Konya021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><i>Maṭnawīye Ma'nawī</i>, <a href="/wiki/Mevlana_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Mevlana Museum">Mevlana Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konya" title="Konya">Konya</a>, Turkey</figcaption></figure> <p>Like other mystic and Sufi poets of Persian literature, Rumi's poetry speaks of love which infuses the world.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Rumi's teachings also express the tenets summarized in the Quranic verse which Shams-e Tabrizi cited as the essence of prophetic guidance: "Know that ‘There is no god but He,’ and ask forgiveness for your sin" (Q. 47:19). </p><p>In the interpretation attributed to Shams, the first part of the verse commands the humanity to seek knowledge of <i><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">tawhid</a></i> (oneness of God), while the second instructs them to negate their own existence. In Rumi's terms, <i>tawhid</i> is lived most fully through love, with the connection being made explicit in his verse that describes love as "that flame which, when it blazes up, burns away everything except the Everlasting Beloved."<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rumi's longing and desire to attain this ideal is evident in the following poem from his book the <a href="/wiki/Masnavi" title="Masnavi">Masnavi</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1157697682">.mw-parser-output .verse_translation .translated{padding-left:2em!important}@media only screen and (max-width:43.75em){.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small td{display:block;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small .translated{padding-left:0.5em!important}}</style> </p> <table role="presentation" class="verse_translation" style="margin-left:1em !important"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:right" lang="" class="poem"> <p><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">از جمادی مُردم و نامی شدم<br /> وز نما مُردم به حیوان برزدم<br /> مُردم از حیوانی و آدم شدم<br /> پس چه ترسم کی ز مردن کم شدم؟<br /> حملهٔ دیگر بمیرم از بشر<br /> تا برآرم از ملائک بال و پر<br /> وز ملک هم بایدم جستن ز جو<br /> کل شیء هالک الا وجهه<br /> بار دیگر از ملک پران شوم<br /> آنچ اندر وهم ناید آن شوم<br /> پس عدم گردم عدم چون ارغنون<br /> گویدم که انا الیه راجعون</span></span> </p> </div> </td> <td class="translated"><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="en" class="poem"> <p>I died to the mineral state and became a plant,<br /> I died to the vegetal state and reached animality,<br /> I died to the animal state and became a man,<br /> Then what should I fear? I have never become less from dying.<br /> At the next charge (forward) I will die to human nature,<br /> So that I may lift up (my) head and wings (and soar) among the angels,<br /> And I must (also) jump from the river of (the state of) the angel,<br /> Everything perishes except His Face,<br /> Once again I will become sacrificed from (the state of) the angel,<br /> I will become that which cannot come into the imagination,<br /> Then I will become non-existent; non-existence says to me (in tones) like an organ,<br /> <a href="/wiki/Inna_Lillahi_wa_inna_ilayhi_raji%27un" title="Inna Lillahi wa inna ilayhi raji'un">Truly, to Him is our return</a>. </p> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <i>Masnavi</i> weaves fables, scenes from everyday life, Qur'anic revelations and exegesis, and metaphysics into a vast and intricate tapestry. </p><p>Rumi believed passionately in the use of music, poetry and dance as a path for reaching God. For Rumi, music helped devotees to focus their whole being on the divine and to do this so intensely that the soul was both destroyed and resurrected. It was from these ideas that the practice of <a href="/wiki/Sufi_whirling" title="Sufi whirling">whirling Dervishes</a> developed into a ritual form. His teachings became the base for the order of the Mevlevi, which his son Sultan Walad organised. Rumi encouraged <a href="/wiki/Sama_(Sufism)" title="Sama (Sufism)">Sama</a>, listening to music and turning or doing the sacred dance. In the Mevlevi tradition, <i>samāʿ</i> represents a mystical journey of spiritual ascent through mind and love to the Perfect One. In this journey, the seeker symbolically turns towards the truth, grows through love, abandons the ego, finds the truth and arrives at the Perfect. The seeker then returns from this spiritual journey, with greater maturity, to love and to be of service to the whole of creation without discrimination with regard to beliefs, races, classes and nations.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In other verses in the <i>Masnavi</i>, Rumi describes in detail the universal message of love: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"> <p>The lover's cause is separate from all other causes<br /> Love is the astrolabe of God's mysteries.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>Rumi's favourite musical instrument was the <a href="/wiki/Ney" title="Ney">ney</a> (reed flute).<sup id="cite_ref-BBC-Haviland_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-Haviland-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_works">Major works</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meeting_of_Jalal_al-Din_Rumi_and_Molla_Shams_al-Din.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Meeting_of_Jalal_al-Din_Rumi_and_Molla_Shams_al-Din.jpg/220px-Meeting_of_Jalal_al-Din_Rumi_and_Molla_Shams_al-Din.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Meeting_of_Jalal_al-Din_Rumi_and_Molla_Shams_al-Din.jpg/330px-Meeting_of_Jalal_al-Din_Rumi_and_Molla_Shams_al-Din.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Meeting_of_Jalal_al-Din_Rumi_and_Molla_Shams_al-Din.jpg/440px-Meeting_of_Jalal_al-Din_Rumi_and_Molla_Shams_al-Din.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1332" data-file-height="1776" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> era manuscript depicting Rumi and <a href="/wiki/Shams-e_Tabrizi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shams-e Tabrizi">Shams-e Tabrizi</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Rumi's poetry is often divided into various categories: the quatrains (<i><a href="/wiki/Ruba%27i" title="Ruba'i">rubayāt</a></i>) and odes (<i><a href="/wiki/Ghazal" title="Ghazal">ghazal</a></i>) of the <i>Divan</i>, the six books of the <i>Masnavi</i>. The prose works are divided into The Discourses, The Letters, and the <i>Seven Sermons</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poetic_works">Poetic works</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bowl_of_Reflections,_early_13th_century.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Bowl_of_Reflections%2C_early_13th_century.jpg/220px-Bowl_of_Reflections%2C_early_13th_century.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Bowl_of_Reflections%2C_early_13th_century.jpg/330px-Bowl_of_Reflections%2C_early_13th_century.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Bowl_of_Reflections%2C_early_13th_century.jpg/440px-Bowl_of_Reflections%2C_early_13th_century.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1161" /></a><figcaption><i>Bowl of Reflections</i> with Rumi's poetry, early 13th century; <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Rumi's best-known work is the <i><a href="/wiki/Masnavi" title="Masnavi">Maṭnawīye Ma'nawī</a></i> (<i>Spiritual Couplets</i>; <span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">مثنوی معنوی</span></span>). The six-volume poem holds a distinguished place within the rich tradition of Persian Sufi literature, and has been commonly called "the Quran in Persian".<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many commentators have regarded it as the greatest mystical poem in world literature.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It contains approximately 27,000 lines,<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> each consisting of a couplet with an internal rhyme.<sup id="cite_ref-Mojaddedi-19_60-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mojaddedi-19-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the mathnawi genre of poetry may use a variety of different metres, after Rumi composed his poem, the metre he used became the mathnawi metre <i>par excellence</i>. The first recorded use of this metre for a mathnawi poem took place at the Nizari Ismaili fortress of Girdkuh between 1131 and 1139. It likely set the stage for later poetry in this style by mystics such as Attar and Rumi.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Rumi's other major work is the <i>Dīwān-e Kabīr</i> (<i>Great Work</i>) or <i><a href="/wiki/Diwan-e_Shams-e_Tabrizi" class="mw-redirect" title="Diwan-e Shams-e Tabrizi">Dīwān-e Shams-e Tabrīzī</a></i> (<i>The Works of Shams of <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a></i>; <span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">دیوان شمس تبریزی</span></span>), named in honour of Rumi's master <a href="/wiki/Shams_Tabraiz" class="mw-redirect" title="Shams Tabraiz">Shams</a>. Besides approximately 35000 Persian couplets and 2000 Persian quatrains,<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Divan contains 90 Ghazals and 19 quatrains in Arabic,<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a couple of dozen or so couplets in Turkish (mainly <a href="/wiki/Macaronic_language" title="Macaronic language">macaronic</a> poems of mixed Persian and Turkish)<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 14 couplets in Greek (all of them in three macaronic poems of Greek-Persian).<sup id="cite_ref-Dedes1993_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dedes1993-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prose_works">Prose works</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fihi_ma_fihi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fihi ma fihi"><i>Fihi Ma Fihi</i></a> (<i>In It What's in It</i>, Persian: <span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">فیه ما فیه</span></span>) provides a record of seventy-one talks and lectures given by Rumi on various occasions to his disciples. It was compiled from the notes of his various disciples, so Rumi did not author the work directly.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An English translation from the Persian was first published by <a href="/wiki/A.J._Arberry" class="mw-redirect" title="A.J. Arberry">A.J. Arberry</a> as <i>Discourses of Rumi</i> (New York: Samuel Weiser, 1972), and a translation of the second book by Wheeler Thackston, <i>Sign of the Unseen</i> (Putney, VT: Threshold Books, 1994). The style of the <i>Fihi ma fihi</i> is colloquial and meant for middle-class men and women, and lack the sophisticated wordplay.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Majāles-e Sab'a</i> (<i>Seven Sessions</i>, Persian: <span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">مجالس سبعه</span></span>) contains seven Persian sermons (as the name implies) or lectures given in seven different assemblies. The sermons themselves give a commentary on the deeper meaning of Qur'an and <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a>. The sermons also include quotations from poems of <a href="/wiki/Sana%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Sana'i">Sana'i</a>, <a href="/wiki/Attar_of_Nishapur" title="Attar of Nishapur">'Attar</a>, and other poets, including Rumi himself. As Aflakī relates, after Shams-e Tabrīzī, Rumi gave sermons at the request of notables, especially Salāh al-Dīn Zarkūb. The style of Persian is rather simple, but quotation of Arabic and knowledge of history and the Hadith show Rumi's knowledge in the Islamic sciences. His style is typical of the genre of lectures given by Sufis and spiritual teachers.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Makatib</i> (<i>The Letters</i>, Persian: <span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">مکاتیب</span></span>) or <i>Maktubat</i> (<span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">مکتوبات</span></span>) is the <a href="/wiki/Letter_collection" title="Letter collection">collection of letters</a> written in Persian by Rumi to his disciples, family members, and men of state and of influence. The letters testify that Rumi kept very busy helping family members and administering a community of disciples that had grown up around them. Unlike the Persian style of the previous two mentioned works (which are lectures and sermons), the letters are consciously sophisticated and epistolary in style, which is in conformity with the expectations of correspondence directed to nobles, statesmen and kings.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_outlook">Religious outlook</h2></div> <p>Despite references to other religions, Rumi clearly holds the superiority of Islam. As Muslim, Rumi praises the Quran, not only as sacred book of Muslims, but also as tool to distinguish truth from falsehood. As such, the Quran features as guidebook for humanity and those who want to understand the reality of the world.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The prophets of Islam, according to Rumi, constitute the highest point of spiritual development and are the closest to God. Throughout Rumi's writings, Muhammad is the most perfect example of all previous prophets.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite Rumi's explicit adherence to Islam, there are traces of religious pluralism throughout his work. Although Rumi acknowledges religious discrepancies, the core of all religions is the same. The disagreement between religions does not lie in the core of these religions, but in doctrinal differences. Accordingly, Rumi criticizes Christianity for "overloading the image of God with superfluous structures and complications".<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yet, Rumi declares that "the lamps are different, but the Light is the same; it comes from beyond".<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His depth of his spiritual vision extended beyond narrow sectarian concerns. One quatrain reads: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1157697682"> </p> <table role="presentation" class="verse_translation" style="margin-left:1em !important"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:right" lang="" class="poem"> <p><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">در راه طلب عاقل و دیوانه یکی است<br /> در شیوه‌ی عشق خویش و بیگانه یکی است<br /> آن را که شراب وصل جانان دادند<br /> در مذهب او کعبه و بتخانه یکی است</span></span> </p> </div> </td> <td class="translated"><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="en" class="poem"> <p>On the seeker's path, the wise and crazed are one.<br /> In the way of love, kin and strangers are one.<br /> The one who they gave the wine of the beloved's union,<br /> in his path, the Kaaba and house of idols are one.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%"> <td style="padding-right:1.6em;text-align:right">—Quatrain 305 </td> <td style="padding-left:3.6em;text-align:left"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>According to the Quran, Muhammad is a mercy sent by God.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In regards to this, Rumi states: </p> <blockquote><p>"The Light of Muhammad does not abandon a Zoroastrian or Jew in the world. May the shade of his good fortune shine upon everyone! He brings all of those who are led astray into the Way out of the desert."<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Rumi, however, asserts the supremacy of <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> by stating: </p> <blockquote><p>"The Light of Muhammad has become a thousand branches (of knowledge), a thousand, so that both this world and the next have been seized from end to end. If Muhammad rips the veil open from a single such branch, thousands of monks and priests will tear the string of false belief from around their waists."<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Many of Rumi's poems suggest the importance of outward religious observance and the primacy of the Qur'an.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"> <p>Flee to God's Qur'an, take refuge in it<br /> there with the spirits of the prophets merge.<br /> The Book conveys the prophets' circumstances<br /> those fish of the pure sea of Majesty.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>Rumi states: </p> <blockquote><div class="poem"> <p>I am the servant of the Qur'an as long as I have life.<br /> I am the dust on the path of Muhammad, the Chosen one.<br /> If anyone quotes anything except this from my sayings,<br /> I am quit of him and outraged by these words.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div></blockquote> <p>Rumi also states: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I "sewed" my two eyes shut from [desires for] this world and the next – this I learned from Muhammad.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>On the first page of the Masnavi, Rumi states: </p> <blockquote><p> "Hadha kitâbu 'l- mathnawîy wa huwa uSûlu uSûli uSûli 'd-dîn wa kashshâfu 'l-qur'ân."<br /> "This is the book of the Masnavi, and it is the roots of the roots of the roots of the (Islamic) Religion and it is the Explainer of the Qur'ân."<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Hadi_Sabzavari" title="Hadi Sabzavari">Hadi Sabzavari</a>, one of Iran's most important 19th-century philosophers, makes the following connection between the Masnavi and Islam, in the introduction to his philosophical commentary on the book: </p> <blockquote><p>It is a commentary on the versified exegesis [of the Qur’ān] and its occult mystery, since all of it [all of the Mathnawī] is, as you will see, an elucidation of the clear verses [of the Qur’ān], a clarification of prophetic utterances, a glimmer of the light of the luminous Qur’ān, and burning embers irradiating their rays from its shining lamp. As respects to hunting through the treasure-trove of the Qur’ān, one can find in it [the Mathnawī] all [the Qur’ān's] ancient philosophical wisdom; it [the Mathnawī] is all entirely eloquent philosophy. In truth, the pearly verse of the poem combines the Canon Law of Islam (<a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">sharīʿa</a>) with the Sufi Path (<a href="/wiki/Tariqa" title="Tariqa">ṭarīqa</a>) and the Divine Reality (<a href="/wiki/Haqiqa" title="Haqiqa">ḥaqīqa</a>); the author's [Rūmī] achievement belongs to God in his bringing together of the Law (sharīʿa), the Path, and the Truth in a way that includes critical intellect, profound thought, a brilliant natural temperament, and integrity of character that is endowed with power, insight, inspiration, and illumination.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Seyyed_Hossein_Nasr" title="Seyyed Hossein Nasr">Seyyed Hossein Nasr</a> states: </p> <blockquote><p>One of the greatest living authorities on Rûmî in Persia today, Hâdî Hâ'irî, has shown in an unpublished work that some 6,000 verses of the Dîwân and the Mathnawî are practically direct translations of Qur'ânic verses into Persian poetry.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Rumi states in his <a href="/wiki/Diwan_(poetry)" title="Diwan (poetry)">Dīwān</a>: </p> <blockquote><p>The Sufi is hanging on to Muhammad, like <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Universality">Universality</h3></div> <p>Rumi's work has been translated into many of the world's languages, including Russian, German, Urdu, Turkish, Arabic, Bengali, French, Italian, Spanish, Telugu and Kannada and is being presented in a growing number of formats, including concerts, workshops, readings, dance performances, and other artistic creations.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The English interpretations of Rumi's poetry by <a href="/wiki/Coleman_Barks" title="Coleman Barks">Coleman Barks</a> have sold more than half a million copies worldwide,<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Rumi is one of the most widely read poets in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a famous landmark in <a href="/wiki/Northern_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern India">Northern India</a>, known as <a href="/wiki/Rumi_Gate" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumi Gate">Rumi Gate</a>, situated in <a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a> (the capital of <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>) named for Rumi. Indian filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Muzaffar_Ali" title="Muzaffar Ali">Muzaffar Ali</a> who is from Lucknow made a documentary, titled <i>Rumi in the Land of Khusrau</i> (2001), which presents concerts based on the works of Rumi and <a href="/wiki/Amir_Khusrau" title="Amir Khusrau">Amir Khusrau</a> and highlights parallels between the lives of the poets.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iranian_world">Iranian world</h3></div> <p>These cultural, historical and linguistic ties between Rumi and <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> have made Rumi an iconic Iranian poet, and some of the most important Rumi scholars including Foruzanfar, Naini, Sabzewari, etc., have come from modern Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-Franklin_Lewis_2000_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franklin_Lewis_2000-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rumi's poetry is displayed on the walls of many cities across <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, sung in Persian music,<sup id="cite_ref-Franklin_Lewis_2000_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franklin_Lewis_2000-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and read in school books.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rumi's poetry forms the basis of much classical <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Iran" title="Music of Iran">Iranian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Afghanistan" title="Music of Afghanistan">Afghan</a> music.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contemporary classical interpretations of his poetry are made by <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Reza_Shajarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Reza Shajarian">Muhammad Reza Shajarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shahram_Nazeri" title="Shahram Nazeri">Shahram Nazeri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Davood_Azad" title="Davood Azad">Davood Azad</a> (the three from Iran) and <a href="/wiki/Ustad_Mohammad_Hashem_Cheshti" class="mw-redirect" title="Ustad Mohammad Hashem Cheshti">Ustad Mohammad Hashem Cheshti</a> (Afghanistan). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mewlewī_Sufi_Order;_Rumi_and_Turkey"><span id="Mewlew.C4.AB_Sufi_Order.3B_Rumi_and_Turkey"></span>Mewlewī Sufi Order; Rumi and Turkey</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Mevlevi_Order" title="Mevlevi Order">Mevlevi Order</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sama_(Sufism)" title="Sama (Sufism)">Sama (Sufism)</a></div> <p>The Mewlewī Sufi order was founded in 1273 by Rumi's followers after his death.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first successor could have been Salah-eddin Zarkoub who served Rumi for a decade and Rumi revered him highly in his poets. Zarkoub was illiterate and uttered some words incorrectly. Rumi used some of these incorrect words in his poems to express his support and humility towards Zarkoub. Rumi named him his successor but Zarkoub died sooner than him.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> So Rumi's first successor in the rectorship of the order was "<a href="/wiki/Husam_al-Din_Chalabi" title="Husam al-Din Chalabi">Husam Chalabi</a>" and, after Chalabi's death in 1284, Rumi's younger and only surviving son, <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Walad" title="Sultan Walad">Sultan Walad</a> (d. 1312), popularly known as author of the mystical <i>Maṭnawī Rabābnāma</i>, or the <i>Book of the Rabab</i> was installed as grand master of the order.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The leadership of the order has been kept within Rumi's family in Konya uninterruptedly since then.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mewlewī Sufis, also known as Whirling Dervishes, believe in performing their <i><a href="/wiki/Dhikr" title="Dhikr">dhikr</a></i> in the form of <a href="/wiki/Sama_(Sufism)" title="Sama (Sufism)">Sama</a>. During the time of Rumi (as attested in the <i>Manāqib ul-Ārefīn</i> of Aflākī), his followers gathered for musical and "turning" practices. </p><p>According to tradition, Rumi was himself a notable musician who played the <a href="/wiki/Rebab" title="Rebab"><i>robāb</i></a>, although his favourite instrument was the <i><a href="/wiki/Ney" title="Ney">ney</a></i> or reed flute.<sup id="cite_ref-order_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-order-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The music accompanying the <i>samāʿ</i> consists of settings of poems from the <i>Maṭnawī</i> and <i>Dīwān-e Kabīr</i>, or of Sultan Walad's poems.<sup id="cite_ref-order_109-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-order-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mawlawīyah was a well-established Sufi order in the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, and many of the members of the order served in various official positions of the Caliphate. The centre for the Mevlevi was in Konya. There is also a Mewlewī monastery (<span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">درگاه</span></span>, <i>dargāh</i>) in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> near the <a href="/wiki/Galata_Tower" title="Galata Tower">Galata Tower</a> in which the <i>samāʿ</i> is performed and accessible to the public. The Mewlewī order issues an invitation to people of all backgrounds: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1023981488">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .rquote{width:auto!important;float:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote rquote" style="float: right; width: 33%;"><div class="poem"> <p><i>Come, come, whoever you are,</i><br /> <i>Wanderer, idolater, worshiper of fire,</i><br /> <i>Come even though you have broken your vows a thousand times,</i><br /> <i>Come, and come yet again.</i><br /> <i>Ours is not a caravan of despair.</i><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkey.Konya008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Turkey.Konya008.jpg/220px-Turkey.Konya008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Turkey.Konya008.jpg/330px-Turkey.Konya008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Turkey.Konya008.jpg/440px-Turkey.Konya008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1141" data-file-height="815" /></a><figcaption>Rumi's tomb in <a href="/wiki/Konya" title="Konya">Konya</a>, Turkey</figcaption></figure> <p>During Ottoman times, the Mevlevi produced a number of notable poets and musicians, including Sheikh Ghalib, Ismail Rusuhi Dede of Ankara, Esrar Dede, Halet Efendi, and Gavsi Dede, who are all buried at the Galata Mewlewī Khāna (Turkish: <i>Mevlevi-Hane</i>) in Istanbul.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Music, especially that of the ney, plays an important part in the Mevlevi. </p><p>With the foundation of the modern, secular <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Turkey">Republic of Turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a> removed religion from the sphere of public policy and restricted it exclusively to that of personal morals, behaviour and faith. On 13 December 1925, a law was passed closing all the <i><a href="/wiki/Khanqah" class="mw-redirect" title="Khanqah">tekkes</a></i> (dervish lodges) and <i>zāwiyas</i> (chief dervish lodges), and the centres of veneration to which visits (<i>ziyārat</i>) were made. Istanbul alone had more than 250 <i>tekke</i>s as well as small centres for gatherings of various fraternities; this law dissolved the Sufi Orders, prohibited the use of mystical names, titles and costumes pertaining to their titles, impounded the Orders' assets, and banned their ceremonies and meetings. The law also provided penalties for those who tried to re-establish the Orders. Two years later, in 1927, the Mausoleum of Mevlâna in Konya was allowed to reopen as a Museum.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1950s, the Turkish government began allowing the Whirling Dervishes to perform once a year in Konya. The Mewlānā festival is held over two weeks in December; its culmination is on 17 December, the Urs of Mewlānā (anniversary of Rumi's death), called <i>Šab-e Arūs</i> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">شبِ عُرس</span>) (Persian meaning "nuptial night"), the night of Rumi's union with God.<sup id="cite_ref-urs_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urs-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1974, the Whirling Dervishes were permitted to travel to the West for the first time. In 2005, <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> proclaimed "The <a href="/wiki/Mevlevi_Order" title="Mevlevi Order">Mevlevi</a> <a href="/wiki/Sama_(Sufism)" title="Sama (Sufism)">Sama</a> Ceremony" of <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> as one of the <a href="/wiki/Masterpieces_of_the_Oral_and_Intangible_Heritage_of_Humanity" title="Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity">Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:5000_TL_A_reverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/5000_TL_A_reverse.jpg/220px-5000_TL_A_reverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/5000_TL_A_reverse.jpg/330px-5000_TL_A_reverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/5000_TL_A_reverse.jpg/440px-5000_TL_A_reverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="873" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>Rumi and his mausoleum on the reverse of the 5000 Turkish lira banknotes of 1981–1994</figcaption></figure> <p>Rumi and his mausoleum were depicted on the <a href="/wiki/Obverse_and_reverse" title="Obverse and reverse">reverse</a> of the 5000 Turkish lira banknotes of 1981–1994.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_denomination">Religious denomination</h3></div> <p>As <a href="/wiki/Edward_G._Browne" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward G. Browne">Edward G. Browne</a> noted, the three most prominent mystical Persian poets, Rumi, <a href="/wiki/Sanai" title="Sanai">Sanai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Farid_al-Din_Attar" class="mw-redirect" title="Farid al-Din Attar">Attar</a>, were all Sunni Muslims and their poetry abounds with praise for the first two caliphs, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a> and <a href="/wiki/Umar_ibn_al-Khatt%C4%81b" class="mw-redirect" title="Umar ibn al-Khattāb">Umar ibn al-Khattāb</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Annemarie_Schimmel" title="Annemarie Schimmel">Annemarie Schimmel</a>, the tendency among <a href="/wiki/Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia">Shia</a> authors to anachronistically include leading mystical poets such as Rumi and Attar among their own ranks, became stronger after the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Twelver_Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelver Shia">Twelver Shia</a> as the state religion in the <a href="/wiki/Safavid_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Safavid Empire">Safavid Empire</a> in 1501.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eight-hundredth_anniversary_celebrations">Eight-hundredth anniversary celebrations</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mawlana_Rumi_-_Stamp_Afghanistan_1968.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Mawlana_Rumi_-_Stamp_Afghanistan_1968.jpg/220px-Mawlana_Rumi_-_Stamp_Afghanistan_1968.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Mawlana_Rumi_-_Stamp_Afghanistan_1968.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="311" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption>Rumi on a 1968 Afghan stamp</figcaption></figure> <p>In Afghanistan, Rumi is known as <i>Mawlānā</i>, in Turkey as <i>Mevlâna</i>, and in Iran as <i>Molavī</i>. </p><p>At the proposal of the Permanent Delegations of Afghanistan, Iran, and Turkey, and as approved by its executive board and General Conference in conformity with its mission of "constructing in the minds of men the defences of peace", <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> was associated with the celebration, in 2007, of the eight hundredth anniversary of Rumi's birth.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The commemoration at UNESCO itself took place on 6 September 2007;<sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> UNESCO issued a medal in Rumi's name in the hope that it would prove an encouragement to those who are engaged in research on and dissemination of Rumi's ideas and ideals, which would, in turn, enhance the diffusion of the ideals of UNESCO.<sup id="cite_ref-UNESDOC_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESDOC-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 30 September 2007, Iranian school bells were rung throughout the country in honour of Mewlana.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in that year, Iran held a Rumi Week from 26 October to 2 November. An international ceremony and conference were held in <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>; the event was opened by the Iranian president and the chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian parliament">Iranian parliament</a>. Scholars from twenty-nine countries attended the events, and 450 articles were presented at the conference.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iranian musician <a href="/wiki/Shahram_Nazeri" title="Shahram Nazeri">Shahram Nazeri</a> was awarded the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur" class="mw-redirect" title="Légion d'honneur">Légion d'honneur</a> and Iran's House of Music Award in 2007 for his renowned works on Rumi masterpieces.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2007 was declared as the "International Rumi Year" by UNESCO.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also on 30 September 2007, Turkey celebrated Rumi's eight-hundredth birthday with a giant Whirling Dervish ritual performance of the <i>samāʿ</i>, which was televised using forty-eight cameras and broadcast live in eight countries. <a href="/wiki/Ertugrul_Gunay" class="mw-redirect" title="Ertugrul Gunay">Ertugrul Gunay</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_and_Tourism_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Turkey)">Ministry of Culture and Tourism</a>, stated, "Three hundred dervishes are scheduled to take part in this ritual, making it the largest performance of sema in history."<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mawlana_Rumi_Review"><i>Mawlana Rumi Review</i></h3></div> <p>The <i>Mawlana Rumi Review</i><sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is published annually by The Centre for Persian and Iranian Studies at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Exeter" title="University of Exeter">University of Exeter</a> in collaboration with The Rumi Institute in <a href="/wiki/Nicosia,_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicosia, Cyprus">Nicosia, Cyprus</a>, and Archetype Books<sup id="cite_ref-archetypebooks.com_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archetypebooks.com-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-archetypebooks.com_128-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archetypebooks.com-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first volume was published in 2010, and it has come out annually since then. According to the principal editor of the journal, Leonard Lewisohn: "Although a number of major Islamic poets easily rival the likes of <a href="/wiki/Dante" class="mw-redirect" title="Dante">Dante</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">Milton</a> in importance and output, they still enjoy only a marginal literary fame in the West because the works of Arabic and Persian thinkers, writers and poets are considered as negligible, frivolous, tawdry sideshows beside the grand narrative of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Canon">Western Canon</a>. It is the aim of the Mawlana Rumi Review to redress this carelessly inattentive approach to <a href="/wiki/World_literature" title="World literature">world literature</a>, which is something far more serious than a minor faux pas committed by the Western literary imagination."<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Quill_and_ink.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Quill_and_ink.svg/28px-Quill_and_ink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Quill_and_ink.svg/42px-Quill_and_ink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Quill_and_ink.svg/56px-Quill_and_ink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="152" data-file-height="152" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Poetry" title="Portal:Poetry">Poetry portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/27px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/40px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/54px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General">General</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blind_men_and_an_elephant" title="Blind men and an elephant">Blind men and an elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Mat" title="Sant Mat">Sant Mat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._3_(Szymanowski)" title="Symphony No. 3 (Szymanowski)">Symphony No. 3 (Szymanowski)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poems_by_Rumi">Poems by Rumi</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rumi_ghazal_163" title="Rumi ghazal 163">Rumi ghazal 163</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Persian_culture">Persian culture</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Persian_poets_and_authors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Persian poets and authors">List of Persian poets and authors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_literature" title="Persian literature">Persian literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_mysticism" title="Persian mysticism">Persian mysticism</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rumi_scholars_and_writers">Rumi scholars and writers</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamid_Algar" title="Hamid Algar">Hamid Algar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahim_Arbab" title="Rahim Arbab">Rahim Arbab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Chittick" title="William Chittick">William Chittick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badiozzaman_Forouzanfar" title="Badiozzaman Forouzanfar">Badiozzaman Forouzanfar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hossein_Elahi_Ghomshei" title="Hossein Elahi Ghomshei">Hossein Elahi Ghomshei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatemeh_Keshavarz" title="Fatemeh Keshavarz">Fatemeh Keshavarz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majid_M._Naini" class="mw-redirect" title="Majid M. Naini">Majid M. Naini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seyyed_Hossein_Nasr" title="Seyyed Hossein Nasr">Seyyed Hossein Nasr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Lewis" title="Franklin Lewis">Franklin Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Lewisohn_(Islamic_studies_scholar)" title="Leonard Lewisohn (Islamic studies scholar)">Leonard Lewisohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_P%C3%A9tis_de_la_Croix" title="François Pétis de la Croix">François Pétis de la Croix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annemarie_Schimmel" title="Annemarie Schimmel">Annemarie Schimmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dariush_Shayegan" title="Dariush Shayegan">Dariush Shayegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdolkarim_Soroush" title="Abdolkarim Soroush">Abdolkarim Soroush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdolhamid_Ziaei" title="Abdolhamid Ziaei">Abdolhamid Ziaei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdolhossein_Zarinkoob" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdolhossein Zarinkoob">Abdolhossein Zarinkoob</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English_translators_of_Rumi_poetry">English translators of Rumi poetry</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_John_Arberry" title="Arthur John Arberry">Arthur John Arberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Chittick" title="William Chittick">William Chittick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravan_A._G._Farhadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ravan A. G. Farhadi">Ravan A. G. Farhadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nader_Khalili" title="Nader Khalili">Nader Khalili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Ladinsky" title="Daniel Ladinsky">Daniel Ladinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Lewis" title="Franklin Lewis">Franklin Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majid_M._Naini" class="mw-redirect" title="Majid M. Naini">Majid M. Naini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reynold_A._Nicholson" title="Reynold A. Nicholson">Reynold A. Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Redhouse" title="James Redhouse">James Redhouse</a></li> <li>Shahriar Shahriari<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahram_Shiva" title="Shahram Shiva">Shahram Shiva</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-EI-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EI_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EI_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ritter, H.; Bausani, A. "ḎJ̲alāl al-Dīn Rūmī b. Bahāʾ al-Dīn Sulṭān al-ʿulamāʾ Walad b. Ḥusayn b. Aḥmad Ḵh̲aṭībī." Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2007. Brill Online. Excerpt: "known by the sobriquet Mewlānā, persian poet and founder of the Mewlewiyya order of dervishes"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rumi">"Rumi | Biography, Poems, & Facts | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i>. 7 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Rumi+%7C+Biography%2C+Poems%2C+%26+Facts+%7C+Britannica&rft.date=2024-01-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FRumi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarmless2007" class="citation book cs1">Harmless, William (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8pBmFhnrVfUC&pg=PA167"><i>Mystics</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 167. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-804110-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-804110-8"><bdi>978-0-19-804110-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mystics&rft.pages=167&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-804110-8&rft.aulast=Harmless&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8pBmFhnrVfUC%26pg%3DPA167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Balkh-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Balkh_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Balkh_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Balkh_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Balkh_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Balkh_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Balkh_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Annemarie_Schimmel" title="Annemarie Schimmel">Annemarie Schimmel</a>, "I Am Wind, You Are Fire," p. 11. She refers to a 1989 article by <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Meier" title="Fritz Meier">Fritz Meier</a>:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Tajiks and Persian admirers still prefer to call Jalaluddin 'Balkhi' because his family lived in Balkh, current day in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> before migrating westward. However, their home was not in the actual city of Balkh, since the mid-eighth century a center of Muslim culture in (Greater) Khorasan (Iran and Central Asia). Rather, as Meier has shown, it was in the small town of Wakhsh north of the Oxus that Baha'uddin Walad, Jalaluddin's father, lived and worked as a jurist and preacher with mystical inclinations. Lewis, <i>Rumi : Past and Present, East and West: The Life, Teachings, and Poetry of Jalâl al-Din Rumi</i>, 2000, pp. 47–49.</p></blockquote> Lewis has devoted two pages of his book to the topic of Wakhsh, which he states has been identified with the medieval town of Lêwkand (or Lâvakand) or Sangtude, which is about 65 kilometers southeast of Dushanbe, the capital of present-day Tajikistan. He says it is on the east bank of the Vakhshâb river, a major tributary that joins the Amu Daryâ river (also called Jayhun, and named the Oxus by the Greeks). He further states: "Bahâ al-Din may have been born in Balkh, but at least between June 1204 and 1210 (Shavvâl 600 and 607), during which time Rumi was born, Bahâ al-Din resided in a house in Vakhsh (Bah 2:143 [= Bahâ' uddîn Walad's] book, "Ma`ârif."). Vakhsh, rather than Balkh was the permanent base of Bahâ al-Din and his family until Rumi was around five years old (mei 16–35) [= from a book in German by the scholar Fritz Meier—note inserted here]. At that time, in about the year 1212 (A.H. 608–609), the Walads moved to Samarqand (Fih 333; Mei 29–30, 36) [= reference to Rumi's "Discourses" and to Fritz Meier's book—note inserted here], leaving behind Baâ al-Din's mother, who must have been at least seventy-five years old."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1y-hxhLSWsEC&pg=PA48"><i>The Complete Idiot's Guide to Rumi Meditations</i></a>, Penguin Group, 2008, p. 48, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781592577361" title="Special:BookSources/9781592577361"><bdi>9781592577361</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Idiot%27s+Guide+to+Rumi+Meditations&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Penguin+Group&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781592577361&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1y-hxhLSWsEC%26pg%3DPA48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2014" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, Franklin D. (2014). <i>Rumi: Past and Present, East and West: The life, Teaching and poetry of Jalal Al-Din Rumi</i>. Simon and Schuster. pp. <span class="nowrap">15–</span>16, 52, 60, 89.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rumi%3A+Past+and+Present%2C+East+and+West%3A+The+life%2C+Teaching+and+poetry+of+Jalal+Al-Din+Rumi&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E15-%3C%2Fspan%3E16%2C+52%2C+60%2C+89&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Franklin+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZarrinkoob2005" class="citation book cs1">Zarrinkoob, Abdolhossein (2005). <i>Serr-e Ney</i>. Vol. 1. Instisharat-i Ilmi. p. 447.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Serr-e+Ney&rft.pages=447&rft.pub=Instisharat-i+Ilmi&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Zarrinkoob&rft.aufirst=Abdolhossein&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ramin_Jahanbegloo" title="Ramin Jahanbegloo">Ramin Jahanbegloo</a>, <i>In Search of the Sacred : A Conversation with Seyyed Hossein Nasr on His Life and Thought</i>, <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a> (2010), p. 141</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ahmad, Imtiaz. "The Place of Rumi in Muslim Thought." Islamic Quarterly 24.3 (1980): 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lewis-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lewis_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2008" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, Franklin D. (2008). <i>Rumi: Past and Present, East and West: The life, Teaching and poetry of Jalal Al-Din Rumi</i>. Oneworld Publication. p. 9. <q>How is that a Persian boy born almost eight hundred years ago in Khorasan, the northeastern province of greater Iran, in a region that we identify today as in Central Asia, but was considered in those days as part of the greater Persian cultural sphere, wound up in central Anatolia on the receding edge of the Byzantine cultural sphere, in what is now Turkey, some 1,500 miles to the west?</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rumi%3A+Past+and+Present%2C+East+and+West%3A+The+life%2C+Teaching+and+poetry+of+Jalal+Al-Din+Rumi&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Oneworld+Publication&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Franklin+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchimmel1994" class="citation book cs1">Schimmel, Annemarie (7 April 1994). <i>The Mystery of Numbers</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 51. <q>These examples are taken from the Persian mystic Rumi's work, not from Chinese, but they express the yang-yin [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>] relationship with perfect lucidity.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mystery+of+Numbers&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1994-04-07&rft.aulast=Schimmel&rft.aufirst=Annemarie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Annemarie_Schimmel-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Annemarie_Schimmel_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Annemarie_Schimmel_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Annemarie Schimmel, The Triumphal Sun: A Study of the Works of Jalaloddin Rumi, SUNY Press, 1993, p. 193: "Rumi's mother tongue was Persian, but he had learned during his stay in Konya, enough Turkish and Greek to use it, now and then, in his verse."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Franklin_Lewis-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Franklin_Lewis_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Franklin_Lewis_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis, Franklin: "On the question of Rumi's multilingualism (pp. 315–317), we may still say that he spoke and wrote in Persian as a native language, wrote and conversed in Arabic as a learned "foreign" language and could at least get by at the market in Turkish and Greek (although some wildly extravagant claims have been made about his command of Attic Greek, or his native tongue being Turkish) (Lewis 2008:xxi). (Lewis, <i>Rumi: Past and Present, East and West: The Life, Teachings and Poetry of Jalal al-Din Rumi</i>, 2008). Lewis also points out that: "Living among Turks, Rumi also picked up some colloquial Turkish." (Lewis, <i>Rumi: Past and Present, East and West: The Life, Teachings and Poetry of Jalal al-Din Rumi</i>, 2008, p. 315). He also mentions Rumi composed thirteen lines in Greek (Franklin Lewis, <i>Rumi: Past and Present, East and West: The Life, Teachings and Poetry of Jalal al-Din Rumi</i>, One World Publication Limited, 2008, p. 316). On Rumi's son, Sultan Walad, Lewis mentions: "<a href="/wiki/Sultan_Walad" title="Sultan Walad">Sultan Walad</a> elsewhere admits that he has little knowledge of Turkish" (Sultan Walad): Lewis, <i>Rumi, "Past and Present, East and West: The Life, Teachings and Poetry of Jalal al-Din Rumi</i>, One World Publication Limited, 2008, p. 239) and "Sultan Valad did not feel confident about his command of Turkish" (Lewis, <i>Rumi: Past and Present, East and West</i>, 2000, p. 240)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dedes1993-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dedes1993_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dedes1993_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFΔέδες1993" class="citation journal cs1">Δέδες, Δ. (1993). "Ποιήματα του Μαυλανά Ρουμή" [Poems by Mowlānā Rūmī]. <i>Τα Ιστορικά</i>. <b>10</b> (<span class="nowrap">18–</span>19): <span class="nowrap">3–</span>22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%CE%A4%CE%B1+%CE%99%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC&rft.atitle=%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1+%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85+%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AC+%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%AE&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E18%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E19&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3-%3C%2Fspan%3E22&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=%CE%94%CE%AD%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%82&rft.aufirst=%CE%94.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyer1895" class="citation journal cs1">Meyer, Gustav (1895). "Die griechischen Verse im Rabâbnâma". <i>Byzantinische Zeitschrift</i>. <b>4</b> (3). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fbyzs.1895.4.3.401">10.1515/byzs.1895.4.3.401</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:191615267">191615267</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Byzantinische+Zeitschrift&rft.atitle=Die+griechischen+Verse+im+Rab%C3%A2bn%C3%A2ma.&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.date=1895&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fbyzs.1895.4.3.401&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A191615267%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Gustav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120805175317/http://www.tlg.uci.edu/~opoudjis/Play/rumiwalad.html">"Greek Verses of Rumi & Sultan Walad"</a>. <i>uci.edu</i>. 22 April 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tlg.uci.edu/~opoudjis/Play/rumiwalad.html">the original</a> on 5 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=uci.edu&rft.atitle=Greek+Verses+of+Rumi+%26+Sultan+Walad&rft.date=2009-04-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tlg.uci.edu%2F~opoudjis%2FPlay%2Frumiwalad.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardet1977" class="citation book cs1">Gardet, Louis (1977). "Religion and Culture". In Holt, P.M.; Lambton, Ann K.S.; Lewis, Bernard (eds.). <i>The Cambridge History of Islam, Part VIII: Islamic Society and Civilization</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 586. <q>It is sufficient to mention <a href="/w/index.php?title=%27Aziz_Nasafi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="'Aziz Nasafi (page does not exist)">'Aziz al-Din Nasafi</a>, Farid al-Din 'Attar and Sa'adi, and above all Jalal al-Din Rumi, whose Mathnawi remains one of the purest literary glories of Persia</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Religion+and+Culture&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Islam%2C+Part+VIII%3A+Islamic+Society+and+Civilization&rft.pages=586&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Gardet&rft.aufirst=Louis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-C.E._Bosworth_p._391-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-C.E._Bosworth_p._391_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-C.E._Bosworth_p._391_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">C.E. Bosworth, "Turkmen Expansion towards the west" in UNESCO History of Humanity, Volume IV, titled "From the Seventh to the Sixteenth Century", UNESCO Publishing / Routledge, p. 391: "While the Arabic language retained its primacy in such spheres as law, theology and science, the culture of the Seljuk court and secular literature within the sultanate became largely Persianized; this is seen in the early adoption of Persian epic names by the Seljuk rulers (Qubād, Kay Khusraw and so on) and in the use of Persian as a literary language (Turkmen must have been essentially a vehicle for everyday speech at this time). The process of Persianization accelerated in the 13th century with the presence in Konya of two of the most distinguished refugees fleeing before the Mongols, Bahā' al-Dīn Walad and his son Mawlānā Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī, whose Mathnawī, composed in Konya, constitutes one of the crowning glories of classical Persian literature."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hurriyetdailynews.com-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hurriyetdailynews.com_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hurriyetdailynews.com_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/rumi-work-translated-into-kurdish-77675">"Rumi work translated into Kurdish"</a>. <i>Hürriyet Daily News</i>. 30 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=H%C3%BCrriyet+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Rumi+work+translated+into+Kurdish&rft.date=2015-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyetdailynews.com%2Frumi-work-translated-into-kurdish-77675&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nasr1-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nasr1_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nasr1_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeyyed1987" class="citation book cs1">Seyyed, Hossein Nasr (1987). <i>Islamic Art and Spirituality</i>. Suny Press. p. 115. <q>Jalal al-Din was born in a major center of Persian culture, Balkh, from Persian speaking parents, and is the product of that Islamic Persian culture which in the 7th/13th century dominated the 'whole of the eastern lands of Islam and to which present day Persians as well as Turks, Afghans, Central Asian Muslims and the Muslims of the Indo-Pakistani subcontinent are heir. It is precisely in this world that the sun of his spiritual legacy has shone most brillianty during the past seven centuries. The father of Jalal al-Din, Muhammad ibn Husayn Khatibi, known as Baha al-Din Walad and entitled Sultan al-'ulama', was an outstanding Sufi in Balkh connected to the spiritual lineage of Najm al-Din Kubra.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Art+and+Spirituality&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Suny+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Seyyed&rft.aufirst=Hossein+Nasr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRahman2015" class="citation news cs1">Rahman, Aziz (27 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170417122146/http://www.daily-sun.com/printversion/details/70741/Nazrul:-The-rebel-and-the-romantic">"Nazrul: The rebel and the romantic"</a>. <i>Daily Sun</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.daily-sun.com/printversion/details/70741/Nazrul:-The-rebel-and-the-romantic">the original</a> on 17 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Sun&rft.atitle=Nazrul%3A+The+rebel+and+the+romantic&rft.date=2015-08-27&rft.aulast=Rahman&rft.aufirst=Aziz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.daily-sun.com%2Fprintversion%2Fdetails%2F70741%2FNazrul%3A-The-rebel-and-the-romantic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan2018" class="citation news cs1">Khan, Mahmudur Rahman (30 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.daily-sun.com/printversion/details/339651/A-tribute-to-Jalaluddin-Rumi">"A tribute to Jalaluddin Rumi"</a>. <i>Daily Sun</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Sun&rft.atitle=A+tribute+to+Jalaluddin+Rumi&rft.date=2018-09-30&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Mahmudur+Rahman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.daily-sun.com%2Fprintversion%2Fdetails%2F339651%2FA-tribute-to-Jalaluddin-Rumi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rferl.org/content/Interview_Many_Americans_Love_RumiBut_They_Prefer_He_Not_Be_Muslim/2122973.html">"Interview: 'Many Americans Love Rumi...But They Prefer He Not Be Muslim'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty</i>. 9 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RadioFreeEurope%2FRadioLiberty&rft.atitle=Interview%3A+%27Many+Americans+Love+Rumi...But+They+Prefer+He+Not+Be+Muslim%27&rft.date=2010-08-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fcontent%2FInterview_Many_Americans_Love_RumiBut_They_Prefer_He_Not_Be_Muslim%2F2122973.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100816123932/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/LH14Ak01.html">"Interview: A mystical journey with Rumi"</a>. <i>Asia Times</i>. Archived from the original on 16 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Asia+Times&rft.atitle=Interview%3A+A+mystical+journey+with+Rumi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atimes.com%2Fatimes%2FMiddle_East%2FLH14Ak01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-Haviland-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC-Haviland_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC-Haviland_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaviland2007" class="citation news cs1">Haviland, Charles (30 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7016090.stm">"The roar of Rumi—800 years on"</a>. <i>BBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=The+roar+of+Rumi%E2%80%94800+years+on&rft.date=2007-09-30&rft.aulast=Haviland&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fsouth_asia%2F7016090.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omifacsimiles.com/brochures/divan.html">"Dîvân-i Kebîr Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī"</a>. <i>OMI – Old Manuscripts & Incunabula</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OMI+%E2%80%93+Old+Manuscripts+%26+Incunabula&rft.atitle=D%C3%AEv%C3%A2n-i+Keb%C3%AEr+Jal%C4%81l+al-D%C4%ABn+R%C5%ABm%C4%AB&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.omifacsimiles.com%2Fbrochures%2Fdivan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCiabattari2014" class="citation news cs1">Ciabattari, Jane (21 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20140414-americas-best-selling-poet">"Why is Rumi the best-selling poet in the US?"</a>. <i>BBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Why+is+Rumi+the+best-selling+poet+in+the+US%3F&rft.date=2014-10-21&rft.aulast=Ciabattari&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fculture%2Fstory%2F20140414-americas-best-selling-poet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTompkins2002" class="citation news cs1">Tompkins, Ptolemy (29 October 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,356133,00.html">"Rumi Rules!"</a>. <i>Time</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0040-781X">0040-781X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Rumi+Rules%21&rft.date=2002-10-29&rft.issn=0040-781X&rft.aulast=Tompkins&rft.aufirst=Ptolemy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C356133%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSipahsalar1946" class="citation book cs1">Sipahsalar, Faridun bin Ahmad (1946). Sa'id Nafisi (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/RisalaEFaridunBinAhmadSipahsalarDarAhwalEMaulanaJalaluddinMaulaviFarsi/page/n17/mode/2up?view=theater"><i>Risala-yi Ahwal-i Mawlana</i></a>. Tehran. p. 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Risala-yi+Ahwal-i+Mawlana&rft.place=Tehran&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1946&rft.aulast=Sipahsalar&rft.aufirst=Faridun+bin+Ahmad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FRisalaEFaridunBinAhmadSipahsalarDarAhwalEMaulanaJalaluddinMaulaviFarsi%2Fpage%2Fn17%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fview%3Dtheater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRumi2015" class="citation book cs1">Rumi (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rKbpCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT350"><i>Selected Poems</i></a>. Penguin Books. p. 350. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-196911-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-196911-4"><bdi>978-0-14-196911-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selected+Poems&rft.pages=350&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-14-196911-4&rft.au=Rumi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrKbpCAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT350&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2008" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, Franklin (2008). <i>Rumi: Past and Present, East and West: The Life, Teachings and Poetry of Jalal al-Din Rumi</i>. One World Publication Limited. p. 9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rumi%3A+Past+and+Present%2C+East+and+West%3A+The+Life%2C+Teachings+and+Poetry+of+Jalal+al-Din+Rumi&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=One+World+Publication+Limited&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Franklin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vajehyab.com/dehkhoda/%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C+%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85">"ملای روم"</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Dehkhoda_Dictionary" title="Dehkhoda Dictionary">Dehkhoda Dictionary</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-encyclopaedia1991-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-encyclopaedia1991_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">H. Ritter, 1991, <i>DJALĀL al-DĪN RŪMĪ</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam">The Encyclopaedia of Islam</a></i> (Volume II: C–G), 393.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī (Maulana), Ibrahim Gamard, <i>Rumi and Islam: Selections from His Stories, Poems, and Discourses, Annotated & Explained</i>, SkyLight Paths Publishing, 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYalman2016" class="citation cs2">Yalman, Suzan (7 July 2016), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/badr-al-din-tabrizi-COM_25104?s.num=7&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-3&s.q=rumi+jalal+al+din">"Badr al-Dīn Tabrīzī"</a>, <i>Encyclopaedia of Islam THREE</i>, Brill<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2023</span>, <q><b>Badr <i>al</i>-<i>Dīn</i> Tabrīzī</b> was the architect of the original tomb built for Mawlānā <i>Jalāl</i> <i>al</i>-<i>Dīn</i> <i>Rūmī</i> (d. 672/1273, in Konya), the great Persian mystic and poet.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Badr+al-D%C4%ABn+Tabr%C4%ABz%C4%AB&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam+THREE&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2016-07-07&rft.aulast=Yalman&rft.aufirst=Suzan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brillonline.com%2Fentries%2Fencyclopaedia-of-islam-3%2Fbadr-al-din-tabrizi-COM_25104%3Fs.num%3D7%26s.f.s2_parent%3Ds.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-3%26s.q%3Drumi%2Bjalal%2Bal%2Bdin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nasr2-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nasr2_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nasr2_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Seyyed Hossein Nasr, <i>Islamic Art and Spirituality</i>, SUNY Press, 1987. p. 115: "Jalal al-Din was born in a major center of Persian culture, Balkh, from Persian speaking parents, and is the product of that Islamic Persian culture which in the 7th/13th century dominated the 'whole of the eastern lands of Islam and to which present day Persians as well as Turks, Afghans, Central Asian Muslims and the Muslims of the Indo-Pakistani and the Muslims of the Indo-Pakistani subcontinent are heir. It is precisely in this world that the sun of his spiritual legacy has shone most brilliantly during the past seven centuries. The father of Jalal al-Din, Muhammad ibn Husayn Khatibi, known as <a href="/wiki/Baha_al-Din_Walad" class="mw-redirect" title="Baha al-Din Walad">Baha al-Din Walad</a> and entitled Sultan al-'ulama', was an outstanding Sufi in Balkh connected to the spiritual lineage of <a href="/wiki/Najm_al-Din_Kubra" title="Najm al-Din Kubra">Najm al-Din Kubra</a>."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis: <i>Rumi: Past and Present, East and West. The Life Teachings and Poetry of Jalâl al-Din Rumi</i>. One World Publications, Oxford, 2000, S. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis, <i>Rumi: Past and Present, East and West: The life, Teaching and poetry of Jalal Al-Din Rumi</i>, Oneworld Publication Limited, 2008 p. 9: "How is that a Persian boy born almost eight hundred years ago in Khorasan, the northeastern province of greater Iran, in a region that we identify today as Central Asia, but was considered in those days as part of the greater Persian cultural sphere, wound up in central Anatolia on the receding edge of the Byzantine cultural sphere"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jafri, Maqsood, <i>The gleam of wisdom</i>, Sigma Press, 2003. p. 238: "Rumi has influenced a large number of writers while on the other hand he himself was under the great influence of Sanai and Attar.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arberry, A. J., <i>Sufism: An Account of the Mystics of Islam</i>, Courier Dover Publications, November 9, 2001. p. 141.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nasr, Seyyed Hossein, <i>The Garden of Truth: The Vision and Promise of Sufism, Islam's Mystical Tradition</i>, HarperCollins, 2 September 2008. p. 130: "Attar has traversed the seven cities of Love, We are still at the turn of one street!"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grousset, Rene, <i>The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia</i>, (Rutgers University Press, 2002), 157; "...the Seljuk court at Konya adopted Persian as its official language".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aḥmad of Niǧde's "al-Walad al-Shafīq" and the Seljuk Past, A.C.S. Peacock, Anatolian Studies, Vol. 54, (2004), 97; With the growth of Seljuk power in Rum, a more highly developed Muslim cultural life, based on the Persianate culture of the Great Seljuk court, was able to take root in Anatolia</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Findley, Carter Vaughn, <i>The Turks in World History</i>, Oxford University Press, 11 November 2004. p. 72: Meanwhile, amid the migratory swarm that Turkified Anatolia, the dispersion of learned men from the Persian-speaking east paradoxically made the Seljuks court at Konya a new center for Persian court culture, as exemplified by the great mystical poet Jelaleddin Rumi (1207–1273).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Coleman_Barks" title="Coleman Barks">Barks, Coleman</a>, <i>Rumi: The Book of Love: Poems of Ecstasy and Longing</i>, HarperCollins, 2005, p. xxv, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-075050-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-075050-3">978-0-06-075050-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Note: Rumi's shrine is now known as the "Mevlâna Museum" in Turkey.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-howisit-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-howisit_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis, <i>Rumi: Past and Present, East and West</i>, Oneworld Publications, 2000.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>How is it that a Persian boy born almost eight hundred years ago in Khorasan, the northeastern province of greater Iran, in a region that we identify today as Central Asia, but was considered in those days as part of the Greater Persian cultural sphere, wound up in Central Anatolia on the receding edge of the Byzantine cultural sphere, in which is now Turkey</p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hagiographer1-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hagiographer1_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hagiographer1_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis, <i>Rumi: Past and Present, East and West</i>, Oneworld Publications, 2008 (revised edition), pp. 90–92: "Baha al-Din’s disciples also traced his family lineage to the first caliph, Abu Bakr (Sep 9; Af 7; JNO 457; Dow 213). This probably stems from willful confusion over his paternal great grandmother, who was the daughter of Abu Bakr of Sarakhs, a noted jurist (d. 1090). The most complete genealogy offered for family stretches back only six or seven generations and cannot reach to Abu Bakr, the companion and first caliph of the Prophet, who died two years after the Prophet, in C.E. 634 (FB 5–6 n.3)."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCan2006" class="citation book cs1">Can, Sefik (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FQ9RCwAAQBAJ&q=aflaki+rumi+abu+bakr&pg=PT36"><i>Fundamentals Of Rumis Thought</i></a>. Tughra Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781597846134" title="Special:BookSources/9781597846134"><bdi>9781597846134</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fundamentals+Of+Rumis+Thought&rft.pub=Tughra+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781597846134&rft.aulast=Can&rft.aufirst=Sefik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFQ9RCwAAQBAJ%26q%3Daflaki%2Brumi%2Babu%2Bbakr%26pg%3DPT36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hagiographer2-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hagiographer2_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Algar, H., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/baha-al-din-mohammad-walad-b">“BAHĀʾ-AL-DĪN MOḤAMMAD WALAD“</a>, <i>Encyclopedia Iranica</i>. There is no reference to such descent in the works of Bahāʾ-e Walad and Mawlānā Jalāl-al-Dīn or in the inscriptions on their sarcophagi. The attribution may have arisen from confusion between the caliph and another Abū Bakr, Šams-al-Aʾemma Abū Bakr Saraḵsī (d. 483/1090), the well-known Hanafite jurist, whose daughter, Ferdows Ḵātūn, was the mother of Aḥmad Ḵaṭīb, Bahāʾ-e Walad's grandfather (see Forūzānfar, Resāla, p. 6). Tradition also links Bahāʾ-e Walad's lineage to the Ḵᵛārazmšāh<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Template:Typo_help_inline" title="Template:Typo help inline"><span title="Expert help is needed to correct the spelling of this word or mark it as OK. (June 2022)">check spelling</span></a></i>]</sup> dynasty. His mother is said to have been the daughter of ʿAlāʾ-al-Dīn Moḥammad Ḵārazmšāh<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Template:Typo_help_inline" title="Template:Typo help inline"><span title="Expert help is needed to correct the spelling of this word or mark it as OK. (June 2022)">check spelling</span></a></i>]</sup> (d. 596/1200), but this appears to be excluded for chronological reasons (Forūzānfar, Resāla, p. 7).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hagiographer3-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hagiographer3_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Ritter, H.; Bausani, A. "ḎJalāl al- Dīn Rūmī b. Bahāʾ al-Dīn Sulṭān al-ʿulamāʾ Walad b. Ḥusayn b. Aḥmad Ḵhaṭībī". <i>Encyclopaedia of Islam</i>. Edited by P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W. P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2009. Brill Online. Excerpt: "known by the sobriquet Mawlānā (Mevlâna), Persian poet and founder of the Mawlawiyya order of dervishes"): "The assertions that his family tree goes back to Abū Bakr, and that his mother was a daughter of the Ḵhwārizmshāh ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn Muḥammad (Aflākī, i, 8–9) do not hold on closer examination (B. Furūzānfarr, Mawlānā Ḏjalāl Dīn, Tehrān 1315, 7; ʿAlīnaḳī Sharīʿatmadārī, Naḳd-i matn-i mathnawī, in Yaghmā, xii (1338), 164; Aḥmad Aflākī, Ariflerin menkibeleri, trans. Tahsin Yazıcı, Ankara 1953, i, Önsöz, 44).").</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hagiographer4-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hagiographer4_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis, <i>Rumi: Past and Present, East and West</i>, Oneworld Publications, 2008 (revised edition). p. 44: "Baha al-Din’s father, Hosayn, had been a religious scholar with a bent for asceticism, occupied like his own father before him, Ahmad, with the family profession of preacher (khatib). Of the four canonical schools of Sunni Islam, the family adhered to the relatively liberal <a href="/wiki/Hanafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi">Hanafi</a> <a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">fiqh</a>. Hosayn-e Khatibi enjoyed such renown in his youth—so says Aflaki with characteristic exaggeration—that Razi al-Din Nayshapuri and other famous scholars came to study with him (Af 9; for the legend about Baha al-Din, see below, "The Mythical Baha al-Din"). Another report indicates that Baha al-Din's grandfather, Ahmad al-Khatibi, was born to Ferdows Khatun, a daughter of the reputed Hanafite jurist and author Shams al-A’emma Abu Bakr of Sarakhs, who died circa 1088 (Af 75; FB 6 n.4; Mei 74 n. 17). This is far from implausible and, if true, would tend to suggest that Ahmad al-Khatabi had studied under Shams al-A’emma. Prior to that the family could supposedly trace its roots back to Isfahan. We do not learn the name of Baha al-Din's mother in the sources, only that he referred to her as "Mama" (Mami), and that she lived to the 1200s." (p. 44)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmed2011" class="citation book cs1">Ahmed, Akbar (2011). <i>Suspended Somewhere Between: A Book of Verse</i>. PM Press. pp. i. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60486-485-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60486-485-4"><bdi>978-1-60486-485-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Suspended+Somewhere+Between%3A+A+Book+of+Verse&rft.pages=i&rft.pub=PM+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-60486-485-4&rft.aulast=Ahmed&rft.aufirst=Akbar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEl-Fers2009" class="citation book cs1">El-Fers, Mohamed (2009). <i>Mevlana Celaleddin Rumi</i>. MokumTV. p. 45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4092-9291-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4092-9291-3"><bdi>978-1-4092-9291-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mevlana+Celaleddin+Rumi&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=MokumTV&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4092-9291-3&rft.aulast=El-Fers&rft.aufirst=Mohamed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rumi">"Rumi | Biography, Poems, & Facts | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i>. 13 December 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Rumi+%7C+Biography%2C+Poems%2C+%26+Facts+%7C+Britannica&rft.date=2024-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FRumi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.semazen.net/eng/show_text_main.php?id=166&menuId=17">"Hz. Mawlana and Shams"</a>. <i>semazen.net</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=semazen.net&rft.atitle=Hz.+Mawlana+and+Shams&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semazen.net%2Feng%2Fshow_text_main.php%3Fid%3D166%26menuId%3D17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Essential Rumi</i>. Translations by Coleman Barks, p. xx.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cRhfAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT11"><i>Rumi: Daylight: A Daybook of Spiritual Guidance</i></a>. Shambhala Publications. 1999. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8348-2517-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8348-2517-8"><bdi>978-0-8348-2517-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rumi%3A+Daylight%3A+A+Daybook+of+Spiritual+Guidance&rft.pub=Shambhala+Publications&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8348-2517-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcRhfAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNasr1987" class="citation book cs1">Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EBu6gWcT0DsC&pg=PA120"><i>Islamic Art and Spirituality</i></a>. SUNY Press. p. 120. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88706-174-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88706-174-5"><bdi>978-0-88706-174-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Art+and+Spirituality&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-88706-174-5&rft.aulast=Nasr&rft.aufirst=Seyyed+Hossein&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEBu6gWcT0DsC%26pg%3DPA120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mojaddedi-19-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mojaddedi-19_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mojaddedi-19_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mojaddedi-19_60-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMojaddedi2004" class="citation book cs1">Mojaddedi, Jawid (2004). "Introduction". <i>Rumi, Jalal al-Din. The Masnavi, Book One</i>. Oxford University Press (Kindle Edition). p. xix.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Rumi%2C+Jalal+al-Din.+The+Masnavi%2C+Book+One&rft.pages=xix&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press+%28Kindle+Edition%29&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Mojaddedi&rft.aufirst=Jawid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020202002121/http://anatolia.com/anatolia/Religion_and_Spirituality/Mevlana/Default.asp">"Mevlana Jalal al-din Rumi"</a>. <i>Anatolia.com</i>. 2 February 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anatolia.com/anatolia/Religion_and_Spirituality/Mevlana/Default.asp">the original</a> on 2 February 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Anatolia.com&rft.atitle=Mevlana+Jalal+al-din+Rumi&rft.date=2002-02-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fanatolia.com%2Fanatolia%2FReligion_and_Spirituality%2FMevlana%2FDefault.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrane1993" class="citation journal cs1">Crane, H. (1993). "Notes on Saldjūq Architectural Patronage in Thirteenth Century Anatolia". <i>Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient</i>. <b>36</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>57. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F156852093X00010">10.1163/156852093X00010</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3632470">3632470</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1304344524">1304344524</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Economic+and+Social+History+of+the+Orient&rft.atitle=Notes+on+Saldj%C5%ABq+Architectural+Patronage+in+Thirteenth+Century+Anatolia&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E57&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F156852093X00010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3632470%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Crane&rft.aufirst=H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChittick2017" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Chittick, William C. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/rumi-philosophy">"RUMI, JALĀL-AL-DIN vii. Philosophy"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=RUMI%2C+JAL%C4%80L-AL-DIN+vii.+Philosophy&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Chittick&rft.aufirst=William+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Frumi-philosophy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIbrahim_Gamard_(with_gratitude_for_R._A._Nicholson's_1930_British_translation)" class="citation book cs1">Ibrahim Gamard (with gratitude for R. A. Nicholson's 1930 British translation). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dar-al-masnavi.org/n-III-3901.html"><i>The Mathnawî-yé Ma'nawî – Rhymed Couplets of Deep Spiritual Meaning of Jalaluddin Rumi</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mathnaw%C3%AE-y%C3%A9+Ma%27naw%C3%AE+%E2%80%93+Rhymed+Couplets+of+Deep+Spiritual+Meaning+of+Jalaluddin+Rumi.&rft.au=Ibrahim+Gamard+%28with+gratitude+for+R.+A.+Nicholson%27s+1930+British+translation%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dar-al-masnavi.org%2Fn-III-3901.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaini" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Majid_Naini" title="Majid Naini">Naini, Majid</a>. <i>The Mysteries of the Universe and Rumi's Discoveries on the Majestic Path of Love</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mysteries+of+the+Universe+and+Rumi%27s+Discoveries+on+the+Majestic+Path+of+Love&rft.aulast=Naini&rft.aufirst=Majid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMojaddedi2004" class="citation book cs1">Mojaddedi, Jawid (2004). "Introduction". <i>Rumi, Jalal al-Din. The Masnavi, Book One</i>. Oxford University Press (Kindle Edition). p. xix. <q>Rumi's Masnavi holds an exalted status in the rich canon of Persian Sufi literature as the greatest mystical poem ever written. It is even referred to commonly as 'the Koran in Persian'.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Rumi%2C+Jalal+al-Din.+The+Masnavi%2C+Book+One&rft.pages=xix&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press+%28Kindle+Edition%29&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Mojaddedi&rft.aufirst=Jawid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Abdul Rahman <a href="/wiki/Jami" title="Jami">Jami</a> notes: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">من چه گویم وصف آن عالی‌جناب — نیست پیغمبر ولی دارد کتاب</span></span> </p><p><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">مثنویّ معنویّ مولوی — هست قرآن در زبان پهلوی</span></span> </p> </blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"> <p>What can I say in praise of that great one?<br /> He is not a Prophet but has come with a book;<br /> The Spiritual <i>Masnavi</i> of Mowlavi<br /> Is the Qur'an in the language of Pahlavi (Persian). </p> </blockquote> <p>(Khawaja Abdul Hamid Irfani, "The Sayings of Rumi and Iqbal", Bazm-e-Rumi, 1976.) </p> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMojaddedi2004" class="citation book cs1">Mojaddedi, Jawid (2004). "Introduction". <i>Rumi, Jalal al-Din. The Masnavi, Book One</i>. Oxford University Press (Kindle Edition). pp. <span class="nowrap">xii–</span>xiii. <q>Towards the end of his life he presented the fruit of his experience of Sufism in the form of the Masnavi, which has been judged by many commentators, both within the Sufi tradition and outside it, to be the greatest mystical poem ever written.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Rumi%2C+Jalal+al-Din.+The+Masnavi%2C+Book+One&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3Exii-%3C%2Fspan%3Exiii&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press+%28Kindle+Edition%29&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Mojaddedi&rft.aufirst=Jawid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis, <i>Rumi: Past and Present, East and West</i>, Oneworld Publications, 2008 (revised edition). p. 306: "The manuscripts versions differ greatly in the size of the text and orthography. Nicholson’s text has 25,577 lines though the average medieval and early modern manuscripts contained around 27,000 lines, meaning the scribes added two thousand lines or about eight percent more to the poem composed by Rumi. Some manuscripts give as many as 32,000!"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVirani2019" class="citation journal cs1">Virani, Shafique N. (January 2019). "Persian Poetry, Sufism and Ismailism: The Testimony of Khwājah Qāsim Tushtarī's Recognizing God". <i>Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society</i>. <b>29</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">17–</span>49. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1356186318000494">10.1017/S1356186318000494</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:165288246">165288246</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/2300038453">2300038453</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Asiatic+Society&rft.atitle=Persian+Poetry%2C+Sufism+and+Ismailism%3A+The+Testimony+of+Khw%C4%81jah+Q%C4%81sim+Tushtar%C4%AB%27s+Recognizing+God&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E17-%3C%2Fspan%3E49&rft.date=2019-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1356186318000494&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A165288246%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Virani&rft.aufirst=Shafique+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis, <i>Rumi: Past and Present, East and West: The Life, Teaching, and Poetry of Jalâl al-Din Rumi</i> (2008), p. 314: "The Foruzanfar's edition of the Divan-e Shams compromises 3229 ghazals and qasidas making a total of almost 35000 lines, not including several hundred lines of stanzaic poems and nearly two thousand quatrains attributed to him”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dar-al-masnavi.org/about.html">Dar al-Masnavi Website, accessed December 2009</a>: According to the Dar al-Masnavi website: “In Forûzânfar's edition of Rumi's Divan, there are 90 ghazals (Vol. 1, 29; Vol. 2, 1; Vol. 3, 6; Vol. 4, 8; Vol. 5, 19, Vol. 6, 0; Vol. 7, 27) and 19 quatrains entirely in Arabic. In addition, there are ghazals which are all Arabic except for the final line; many have one or two lines in Arabic within the body of the poem; some have as many as 9–13 consecutive lines in Arabic, with Persian verses preceding and following; some have alternating lines in Persian, then Arabic; some have the first half of the verse in Persian, the second half in Arabic.”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mecdut MensurOghlu: “The Divan of Jalal al-Din Rumi contains 35 couplets in Turkish and Turkish-Persian which have recently been published me” (Celal al-Din Rumi’s turkische Verse: UJb. XXIV (1952), pp. 106–115)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis, <i>Rumi: Past and Present, East and West: The Life, Teaching, and Poetry of Jalâl al-Din Rumi</i> (2008): "a couple of dozen at most of the 35,000 lines of the Divan-I Shams are in Turkish, and almost all of these lines occur in poems that are predominantly in Persian".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholas2009" class="citation web cs1">Nicholas, Nick (22 April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opoudjis.net/Play/rumiwalad.html">"Greek Verses of Rumi & Sultan Walad"</a>. <i>Opoudjis</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Opoudjis&rft.atitle=Greek+Verses+of+Rumi+%26+Sultan+Walad&rft.date=2009-04-22&rft.aulast=Nicholas&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opoudjis.net%2FPlay%2Frumiwalad.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis, <i>Rumi: Past and Present, East and West: The Life, Teaching, and Poetry of Jalâl al-Din Rumi</i> (2008): "Three poems have bits of demotic Greek; these have been identified and translated into French, along with some Greek verses of Sultan Valad. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abd%C3%BClb%C3%A2ki_G%C3%B6lp%C4%B1narl%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdülbâki Gölpınarlı (page does not exist)">Golpinarli</a> (GM 416–417) indicates according to Vladimir Mir Mirughli, the Greek used in some of Rumi's macaronic poems reflects the demotic Greek of the inhabitants of Anatolia. Golpinarli then argues that Rumi knew classical Persian and Arabic with precision, but typically composes poems in a more popular or colloquial Persian and Arabic."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis, <i>Rumi: Past and Present, East and West — The Life, Teachings, and Poetry of Jalal al-Din Rumi</i>, Oneworld Publications, 2000, Chapter 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">“As Safa points out (Saf 2:1206) the Discourse reflect the stylistics of oral speech and lacks the sophisticated word plays, Arabic vocabulary and sound patterning that we would except from a consciously literary text of this period. Once again, the style of Rumi as lecturer or orator in these discourses does not reflect an audience of great intellectual pretensions, but rather middle-class men and women, along with number of statesmen and rulers" (Lewis, <i>Rumi: Past and Present, East and West</i>, Oneworld Publications, 2008, p. 292).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis, <i>Rumi: Past and Present, East and West</i>, Oneworld Publications, 2008, p. 293.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis, <i>Rumi: Past and Present, East and West</i>, Oneworld Publications, 2008, p. 295: "In contrast with the prose of his Discourses and sermons, the style of the letters is consciously sophisticated and epistolary, in conformity with the expectations of correspondence directed to nobles, statesmen and kings."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Demmrich, Sarah, and Ulrich Riegel, eds. Western and Eastern perspectives on religion and religiosity. Vol. 14. Waxmann Verlag, 2020. p. 51</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Demmrich, Sarah, and Ulrich Riegel, eds. Western and Eastern perspectives on religion and religiosity. Vol. 14. Waxmann Verlag, 2020. p. 52</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Demmrich, Sarah, and Ulrich Riegel, eds. Western and Eastern perspectives on religion and religiosity. Vol. 14. Waxmann Verlag, 2020. p. 53</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Demmrich, Sarah, and Ulrich Riegel, eds. Western and Eastern perspectives on religion and religiosity. Vol. 14. Waxmann Verlag, 2020. p. 55</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rumi: 53 Secrets from the Tavern of Love, trans. by Amin Banani and Anthony A. Lee, p. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://corpus.quran.com/translation.jsp?chapter=21&verse=107"><i>Verse (21:107) – English Translation</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Verse+%2821%3A107%29+%E2%80%93+English+Translation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcorpus.quran.com%2Ftranslation.jsp%3Fchapter%3D21%26verse%3D107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGamard2004" class="citation book cs1">Gamard, Ibrahim (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-17EZOGivqMC"><i>Rumi and Islam</i></a>. SkyLight Paths. p. 163. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59473-002-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59473-002-3"><bdi>978-1-59473-002-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rumi+and+Islam&rft.pages=163&rft.pub=SkyLight+Paths&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-59473-002-3&rft.aulast=Gamard&rft.aufirst=Ibrahim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-17EZOGivqMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGamard2004" class="citation book cs1">Gamard, Ibrahim (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-17EZOGivqMC"><i>Rumi and Islam</i></a>. SkyLight Paths. p. 177. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59473-002-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59473-002-3"><bdi>978-1-59473-002-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rumi+and+Islam&rft.pages=177&rft.pub=SkyLight+Paths&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-59473-002-3&rft.aulast=Gamard&rft.aufirst=Ibrahim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-17EZOGivqMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLewis2000">Lewis 2000</a>, pp. 407–408</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLewis2000">Lewis 2000</a>, p. 408</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGamard" class="citation book cs1">Gamard, Ibrahim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dar-al-masnavi.org/self-discovery.html"><i>Rumi and Self Discovery</i></a>. Dar al Masnavi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rumi+and+Self+Discovery&rft.pub=Dar+al+Masnavi&rft.aulast=Gamard&rft.aufirst=Ibrahim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dar-al-masnavi.org%2Fself-discovery.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGamard2004" class="citation book cs1">Gamard, Ibrahim (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-17EZOGivqMC"><i>Rumi and Islam</i></a>. SkyLight Paths. p. 169. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59473-002-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59473-002-3"><bdi>978-1-59473-002-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rumi+and+Islam&rft.pages=169&rft.pub=SkyLight+Paths&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-59473-002-3&rft.aulast=Gamard&rft.aufirst=Ibrahim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-17EZOGivqMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dar-al-masnavi.org/about_masnavi.html"><i>About the Masnavi</i></a>, Dar Al-Masnavi</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=About+the+Masnavi&rft.pub=Dar+Al-Masnavi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dar-al-masnavi.org%2Fabout_masnavi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTasbihi2016" class="citation journal cs1">Tasbihi, Eliza (2016). "Sabzawārī's Sharḥ-i Asrār: A Philosophical Commentary on Rūmīʾs 'Mathnawī'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>Mawlana Rumi Review</i>. <b>7</b>: <span class="nowrap">175–</span>196. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F25898566-00701009">10.1163/25898566-00701009</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/45236376">45236376</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mawlana+Rumi+Review&rft.atitle=Sabzaw%C4%81r%C4%AB%27s+Shar%E1%B8%A5-i+Asr%C4%81r%3A+A+Philosophical+Commentary+on+R%C5%ABm%C4%AB%CA%BEs+%27Mathnaw%C4%AB%27&rft.volume=7&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E175-%3C%2Fspan%3E196&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F25898566-00701009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F45236376%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Tasbihi&rft.aufirst=Eliza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nasr, Seyyed Hossein, "Rumi and the Sufi Tradition," in Chelkowski (ed.), <i>The Scholar and the Saint</i>, p. 183</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted in Ibrahim Gamard, <i>Rumi and Islam: Selections from His Stories, Poems, and Discourses — Annotated and Explained</i>, p. 171.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rumi.net">"Rumi Network by Shahram Shiva – The World's Most Popular Website on Rumi"</a>. <i>rumi.net</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rumi.net&rft.atitle=Rumi+Network+by+Shahram+Shiva+%E2%80%93+The+World%27s+Most+Popular+Website+on+Rumi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rumi.net&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060507142950/http://www.ut.ac.ir/en/dr-braks/dr-barks.htm">"University of Tehran"</a>. <i>ut.ac.ir</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ut.ac.ir/en/dr-braks/dr-barks.htm">the original</a> on 7 May 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ut.ac.ir&rft.atitle=University+of+Tehran&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ut.ac.ir%2Fen%2Fdr-braks%2Fdr-barks.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Curiel, Jonathan, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a> Staff Writer, <i>Islamic verses: The influence of Muslim literature in the United States has grown stronger since the 11 Sep attacks</i> (6 February 2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2005/02/06/INGH7B3FM31.DTL">Available online</a> (Retrieved Aug 2006)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RcwcL_IfKZg">"Rumi in the Land of Khusrau (Full Movie )"</a>. Indian Diplomacy. 2 June 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/RcwcL_IfKZg">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rumi+in+the+Land+of+Khusrau+%28Full+Movie+%29&rft.pub=Indian+Diplomacy&rft.date=2012-06-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DRcwcL_IfKZg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Franklin_Lewis_2000-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Franklin_Lewis_2000_101-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Franklin_Lewis_2000_101-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Franklin Lewis, <i>Rumi: Past and Present, East and West</i>, Oneworld Publications, 2000.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See for example 4th grade Iranian school book where the story of the Parrot and Merchant from the Mathnawi is taught to students<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (May 2022)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiro2011" class="citation book cs1">Hiro, Dilip (1 November 2011). <i>Inside Central Asia: A Political and Cultural History of Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz stan, Tajikistan, Turkey, and Iran</i>. The Overlook Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59020-378-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59020-378-1"><bdi>978-1-59020-378-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inside+Central+Asia%3A+A+Political+and+Cultural+History+of+Uzbekistan%2C+Turkmenistan%2C+Kazakhstan%2C+Kyrgyz+stan%2C+Tajikistan%2C+Turkey%2C+and+Iran&rft.pub=The+Overlook+Press&rft.date=2011-11-01&rft.isbn=978-1-59020-378-1&rft.aulast=Hiro&rft.aufirst=Dilip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (May 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUyarBeşiroğlu2014" class="citation journal cs1">Uyar, Yaprak Melike; Beşiroğlu, Ş. Şehvar (2014). "Recent representations of the music of the Mevlevi Order of Sufism". <i>Journal of Interdisciplinary Music Studies</i>. <b>6</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">137–</span>150. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4407%2Fjims.2014.02.002">10.4407/jims.2014.02.002</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Interdisciplinary+Music+Studies&rft.atitle=Recent+representations+of+the+music+of+the+Mevlevi+Order+of+Sufism&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E137-%3C%2Fspan%3E150&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4407%2Fjims.2014.02.002&rft.aulast=Uyar&rft.aufirst=Yaprak+Melike&rft.au=Be%C5%9Firo%C4%9Flu%2C+%C5%9E.+%C5%9Eehvar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chnm.gmu.edu/worldhistorysources/r/172/whm.html%7ctitle=Sufism%7cwork=gmu.edu">"Sufism"</a>. <i>gmu.edu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gmu.edu&rft.atitle=Sufism&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchnm.gmu.edu%2Fworldhistorysources%2Fr%2F172%2Fwhm.html%257ctitle%3DSufism%257cwork%3Dgmu.edu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rch.ac.ir/article/Details?id=14559">"Rumi's Special Companion Salah-eddin Zarkoub"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rumi%27s+Special+Companion+Salah-eddin+Zarkoub&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frch.ac.ir%2Farticle%2FDetails%3Fid%3D14559&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130827150758/http://www.islamicsupremecouncil.org/bin/site/wrappers/spirituality-mevlevi.html">"Islamic Supreme Council of America – Islamic Supreme Council of America"</a>. <i>www.islamicsupremecouncil.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.islamicsupremecouncil.org/bin/site/wrappers/spirituality-mevlevi.html/">the original</a> on 27 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.islamicsupremecouncil.org&rft.atitle=Islamic+Supreme+Council+of+America+%E2%80%93+Islamic+Supreme+Council+of+America&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.islamicsupremecouncil.org%2Fbin%2Fsite%2Fwrappers%2Fspirituality-mevlevi.html%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070506121512/http://www.mevlana.net/celebi.htm">"Mevlâna Celâleddin Rumi"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mevlana.net/celebi.htm">the original</a> on 6 May 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mevl%C3%A2na+Cel%C3%A2leddin+Rumi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mevlana.net%2Fcelebi.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-order-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-order_109-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-order_109-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130112195131/http://www.hayatidede.org/V1/about_moa.html">"About the Mevlevi Order of America"</a>. <i>hayatidede.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hayatidede.org/V1/about_moa.html">the original</a> on 12 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hayatidede.org&rft.atitle=About+the+Mevlevi+Order+of+America&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hayatidede.org%2FV1%2Fabout_moa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanut2000" class="citation book cs1">Hanut, Eryk (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q42DV0Fk96MC&pg=PR13"><i>Rumi: The Card and Book Pack : Meditation, Inspiration, Self-discovery. The Rumi Card Book</i></a>. Tuttle Publishing. xiii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-885203-95-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-885203-95-3"><bdi>978-1-885203-95-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rumi%3A+The+Card+and+Book+Pack+%3A+Meditation%2C+Inspiration%2C+Self-discovery.+The+Rumi+Card+Book&rft.pages=xiii&rft.pub=Tuttle+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-885203-95-3&rft.aulast=Hanut&rft.aufirst=Eryk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ42DV0Fk96MC%26pg%3DPR13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060325015105/http://www.istanbulportal.com/istanbulportal/Divan.aspx">"Web Page Under Construction"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.istanbulportal.com/istanbulportal/Divan.aspx">the original</a> on 25 March 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Web+Page+Under+Construction&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.istanbulportal.com%2Fistanbulportal%2FDivan.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mango, Andrew, <i>Atatürk: The Biography of the Founder of Modern Turkey</i>, (2002), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58567-011-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58567-011-6">978-1-58567-011-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-urs-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-urs_113-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060904005519/http://www.kloosterman.be/rumi.php">"Intro"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kloosterman.be/intro/">the original</a> on 4 September 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Intro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kloosterman.be%2Fintro%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/culture/intangible-heritage/39eur_uk.htm">The Mevlevi Sema Ceremony</a> <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Banknote Museum: 7. Emission Group—Five Thousand Turkish Lira—<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/yeni/banknote/E7/274.htm">I. Series</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100302151913/http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/yeni/banknote/E7/274.htm">Archived</a> 2 March 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/yeni/banknote/E7/276.htm">II. Series</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100302152017/http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/yeni/banknote/E7/276.htm">Archived</a> 2 March 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> & <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/yeni/banknote/E7/278.htm">III. Series</a>. Retrieved 20 April 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5hFIaQq0J?url=http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/yeni/eng/">Archived</a> 3 June 2009 at <a href="/wiki/WebCite" title="WebCite">WebCite</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Browne, Edward G., <i>A Literary History of Persia from the Earliest Times Until Firdawsh</i>, 543 pp., Adamant Media Corporation, 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4021-6045-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4021-6045-5">978-1-4021-6045-5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4021-6045-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4021-6045-5">978-1-4021-6045-5</a> (see p. 437).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schimmel, Annemarie, <i>Deciphering the Signs of God</i>, 302 pp., SUNY Press, 1994, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-1982-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-1982-3">978-0-7914-1982-3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-1982-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-1982-3">978-0-7914-1982-3</a> (see p. 210).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060317005548/http://www.zaman.com/?bl=culture&alt=&hn=30647">"Haber, Haberler, Güncel Haberler, Ekonomi, Dünya, Gündem Haberleri, Son Dakika, – Zaman Gazetesi"</a>. <i>zaman.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zaman.com/?bl=culture&alt=&hn=30647">the original</a> on 17 March 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=zaman.com&rft.atitle=Haber%2C+Haberler%2C+G%C3%BCncel+Haberler%2C+Ekonomi%2C+D%C3%BCnya%2C+G%C3%BCndem+Haberleri%2C+Son+Dakika%2C+%E2%80%93+Zaman+Gazetesi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zaman.com%2F%3Fbl%3Dculture%26alt%3D%26hn%3D30647&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNESCO-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO_119-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090629034959/http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=34694&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html">"UNESCO: 800th Anniversary of the Birth of Mawlana Jalal-ud-Din Balkhi-Rumi"</a>. UNESCO. 6 September 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=34694&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html">the original</a> on 29 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2014</span>. <q>The prominent Persian language poet, thinker and spiritual master, Mevlana Celaleddin Belhi-Rumi was born in 1207 in Balkh, presently Afghanistan.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNESCO%3A+800th+Anniversary+of+the+Birth+of+Mawlana+Jalal-ud-Din+Balkhi-Rumi&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.date=2007-09-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fportal.unesco.org%2Fculture%2Fen%2Fev.php-URL_ID%3D34694%26URL_DO%3DDO_TOPIC%26URL_SECTION%3D201.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNESDOC-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNESDOC_120-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001473/147319e.pdf">"UNESCO. Executive Board; 175th; UNESCO Medal in honour of Mawlana Jalal-ud-Din Balkhi-Rumi; 2006"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. UNESDOC – UNESCO Documents and Publications. October 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNESCO.+Executive+Board%3B+175th%3B+UNESCO+Medal+in+honour+of+Mawlana+Jalal-ud-Din+Balkhi-Rumi%3B+2006&rft.pub=UNESDOC+%E2%80%93+UNESCO+Documents+and+Publications&rft.date=2006-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funesdoc.unesco.org%2Fimages%2F0014%2F001473%2F147319e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071030220408/http://hamshahrionline.ir/News/?id=36533">"همشهری آنلاین"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hamshahrionline.ir/News/?id=36533">the original</a> on 30 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D9%87%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C+%D8%A2%D9%86%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hamshahrionline.ir%2FNews%2F%3Fid%3D36533&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071220190936/http://www2.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-16/0710285006110934.htm">"Int'l congress on Molana opens in Tehran"</a>. 28 October 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-16/0710285006110934.htm">the original</a> on 20 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Int%27l+congress+on+Molana+opens+in+Tehran&rft.date=2007-10-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.irna.ir%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fview%2Fline-16%2F0710285006110934.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iran-daily.com/1385/2676/html/art.htm#s178308">Iran Daily — Arts & Culture — 10/03/06</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013123631/http://www.iran-daily.com/1385/2676/html/art.htm#s178308">Archived</a> 13 October 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927192444/http://www.chnpress.com/news/?section=2&id=6694">"News | Chnpress"</a>. <i>www.chnpress.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chnpress.com/news?section=2&id=6694">the original</a> on 27 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.chnpress.com&rft.atitle=News+%26%23124%3B+Chnpress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chnpress.com%2Fnews%3Fsection%3D2%26id%3D6694&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.personallifemedia.com/podcasts/living-dialogues/episode003-coleman-barks.html">"Podcast Episode: Living Dialogues: Coleman Barks: The Soul of Rumi (Thought-Leaders in Transforming Ourselves and Our Global Community with Duncan Campbell, Visionary Conversationalist), Living Dialogues.com"</a>. <i>personallifemedia.com</i>. 14 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=personallifemedia.com&rft.atitle=Podcast+Episode%3A+Living+Dialogues%3A+Coleman+Barks%3A+The+Soul+of+Rumi+%28Thought-Leaders+in+Transforming+Ourselves+and+Our+Global+Community+with+Duncan+Campbell%2C+Visionary+Conversationalist%29%2C+Living+Dialogues.com&rft.date=2023-04-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.personallifemedia.com%2Fpodcasts%2Fliving-dialogues%2Fepisode003-coleman-barks.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/154044/300-dervishes-whirl-for-Rumi-in-Turkey">"300 dervishes whirl for Rumi in Turkey"</a>. <i>Tehran Times</i>. 29 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tehran+Times&rft.atitle=300+dervishes+whirl+for+Rumi+in+Turkey&rft.date=2007-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tehrantimes.com%2Fnews%2F154044%2F300-dervishes-whirl-for-Rumi-in-Turkey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/2042-3357">"Mawlana Rumi Review"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2042-3357">2042-3357</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mawlana+Rumi+Review&rft.issn=2042-3357&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fportal.issn.org%2Fresource%2FISSN%2F2042-3357&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-archetypebooks.com-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-archetypebooks.com_128-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-archetypebooks.com_128-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041217082004/http://www.archetypebooks.com/">"archetypebooks.com"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archetypebooks.com">the original</a> on 17 December 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=archetypebooks.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archetypebooks.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewisohn" class="citation journal cs1">Lewisohn, Leonard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jadidonline.com/story/27052010/frnk/rumi_journal_eng">"Editor's Note"</a>. <i>Mawlana Rumi Review</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mawlana+Rumi+Review&rft.atitle=Editor%27s+Note&rft.aulast=Lewisohn&rft.aufirst=Leonard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jadidonline.com%2Fstory%2F27052010%2Ffrnk%2Frumi_journal_eng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRumi" class="citation web cs1">Rumi, Jalaloddin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rumionfire.com/">"Rumi on fire"</a>. translated by Shahriar Shahriari<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rumi+on+fire&rft.pub=translated+by+Shahriar+Shahriari&rft.aulast=Rumi&rft.aufirst=Jalaloddin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rumionfire.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English_translations">English translations</h3></div> <ul><li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yunuspatel.co.za/books-Ma-aarif-E-Mathnavi.php">Ma-Aarif-E-Mathnavi A commentary of the Mathnavi of Maulana Jalaluddin Rumi</a></i> (R.A.), by Hazrat Maulana Hakim Muhammad Akhtar Saheb (D.B.), 1997.</li> <li><i>The Sufi Path of Love: The Spiritual Teachings of Rumi</i>, by <a href="/wiki/William_Chittick" title="William Chittick">William Chittick</a>, Albany: SUNY Press, 1983.</li> <li><i>The Mysteries of the Universe and Rumi's Discoveries on the Majestic Path of Love</i>, by Majid M. Naini, Universal Vision & Research, 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9714600-0-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9714600-0-3">978-0-9714600-0-3</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naini.net/order.htm">www.naini.net</a></li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HD_iA8JizyoC&dq=rumi&pg=PR5">The Mesnevi of Mevlâna Jelālu'd-dīn er-Rūmī. Book first, together with some account of the life and acts of the Author, of his ancestors, and of his descendants, illustrated by a selection of characteristic anecdotes, as collected by their historian, Mevlâna Shemsu'd-dīn Ahmed el-Eflākī el-'Arifī</a></i>, translated and the poetry versified by James W. Redhouse, London: 1881. Contains the translation of the first book only.</li> <li><i>Masnaví-i Ma'naví, the Spiritual Couplets of Mauláná Jalálu'd-din Muhammad Rúmí</i>, translated and abridged by E. H. Whinfield, London: 1887; 1989. Abridged version from the complete poem. On-line editions at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/isl/masnavi/">sacred-texts.com</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924026910251">archive.org</a> and on <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Masnavi_I_Ma%27navi" class="extiw" title="s:Masnavi I Ma'navi">wikisource</a>.</li> <li><i>The Masnavī by Jalālu'd-din Rūmī. Book II</i>, translated for the first time from the Persian into prose, with a Commentary, by C. E. Wilson, London: 1910.</li> <li><i>The Mathnawí of Jalálu'ddín Rúmí</i>, edited from the oldest manuscripts available, with critical notes, translation and commentary by <a href="/wiki/Reynold_A._Nicholson" title="Reynold A. Nicholson">Reynold A. Nicholson</a>, in 8 volumes, London: Messrs Luzac & Co., 1925–1940. Contains the text in Persian. First complete English translation of the <i>Mathnawí</i>.</li> <li><i>Rending The Veil: Literal and Poetic Translations of Rumi,</i> translated by Shahram Shiva Hohm Press, 1995, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-934252-46-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-934252-46-1">978-0-934252-46-1</a>. Recipient of Benjamin Franklin Award.</li> <li><i>Hush, Don't Say Anything to God: Passionate Poems of Rumi,</i> translated by Shahram Shiva Jain Publishing, 1999, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87573-084-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87573-084-4">978-0-87573-084-4</a>.</li> <li><i>The Essential Rumi</i>, translated by <a href="/wiki/Coleman_Barks" title="Coleman Barks">Coleman Barks</a> with John Moyne, A. J. Arberry, Reynold Nicholson, San Francisco: Harper Collins, 1996, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-250959-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-250959-8">978-0-06-250959-8</a>; Edison (NJ) and New York: Castle Books, 1997, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7858-0871-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7858-0871-8">978-0-7858-0871-8</a>. Selections. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1Jvche5OxB8C">Description</a> of 2010 expanded edition. A much-cited poem therein is "The Guest House" found in, for example, <a href="/wiki/J._Mark_G._Williams" title="J. Mark G. Williams">Mark Williams</a> and Danny Penman (2011), <i>Mindfulness</i>, pp. 165–167. The poem is also at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thepoetryexchange.co.uk/the-guest-house-by-rumi">The Guest House by Rumi</a>.</li> <li><i>The Illuminated Rumi</i>, translated by <a href="/wiki/Coleman_Barks" title="Coleman Barks">Coleman Barks</a>, Michael Green contributor, New York: Broadway Books, 1997, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7679-0002-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7679-0002-7">978-0-7679-0002-7</a>.</li> <li><i>The Masnavi: Book One</i>, translated by Jawid Mojaddedi, Oxford World's Classics Series, Oxford University Press, 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280438-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280438-9">978-0-19-280438-9</a>. Translated for the first time from the Persian edition prepared by Mohammad Estelami with an introduction and explanatory notes. Awarded the 2004 Lois Roth Prize for excellence in translation of Persian literature by the <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Iranian_Studies" title="American Institute of Iranian Studies">American Institute of Iranian Studies</a>.</li> <li><i>Divani Shamsi Tabriz</i>, translated by Nevit Oguz Ergin as Divan-i-kebir, published by Echo Publications, 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-887991-28-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-887991-28-5">978-1-887991-28-5</a>.</li> <li><i>The rubais of Rumi: insane with love</i>, translations and commentary by Nevit Oguz Ergin and Will Johnson, Inner Traditions, Rochester, Vermont, 2007, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59477-183-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59477-183-5">978-1-59477-183-5</a>.</li> <li><i>The Masnavi: Book Two</i>, translated by Jawid Mojaddedi, Oxford World's Classics Series, Oxford University Press, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-921259-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-921259-0">978-0-19-921259-0</a>. The first ever verse translation of the unabridged text of Book Two, with an introduction and explanatory notes.</li> <li><i>The Rubai'yat of Jalal Al-Din Rumi: Select Translations Into English Verse</i>, Translated by <a href="/wiki/A._J._Arberry" class="mw-redirect" title="A. J. Arberry">A. J. Arberry</a>, (Emery Walker, London, 1949)</li> <li><i>Mystical Poems of Rumi</i>, translated by A. J. Arberry (University of Chicago Press, 2009)</li> <li><i>The quatrains of Rumi: Complete translation with Persian text, Islamic mystical commentary, manual of terms, and concordance</i>, translated by Ibrahim W. Gamard and A. G. Rawan Farhadi, 2008.</li> <li><i>The Soul of Rumi: A New Collection of Ecstatic Poems</i>, translations by Coleman Barks, Harper One, 2002.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hundred_Tales_of_Wisdom" title="The Hundred Tales of Wisdom">The Hundred Tales of Wisdom</a></i>, a translation by <a href="/wiki/Idries_Shah" title="Idries Shah">Idries Shah</a> of the <i>Manāqib ul-Ārefīn</i> of Aflākī, <a href="/wiki/Octagon_Press" title="Octagon Press">Octagon Press</a> 1978. Episodes from the life of Rumi and some of his <a href="/wiki/Teaching_stories" title="Teaching stories">teaching stories</a>.</li> <li><i>Rumi: 53 Secrets from the Tavern of Love: Poems from the Rubaiyat of Mowlana Rumi,</i> translated by Amin Banani and Anthony A. Lee (White Cloud Press, 2014), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-940468-00-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-940468-00-6">978-1-940468-00-6</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Life_and_work">Life and work</h3></div> <ul><li><i>RUMI, JALĀL-AL-DIN</i>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a>, online edition, 2014.</li> <li>Dr <a href="/wiki/Khalifa_Abdul_Hakim" title="Khalifa Abdul Hakim">Khalifa Abdul Hakim</a>, "The metaphysics of Rumi: A critical and historical sketch", Lahore: The Institute of Islamic Culture, 1959. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7435-475-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7435-475-4">978-81-7435-475-4</a></li> <li>Afzal Iqbal, <i>The Life and thought of Mohammad Jalal-ud-Din Rumi</i>, Lahore: Bazm-i-Iqbal, 1959 (latest edition, <i>The life and work of Jalal-ud-Din Rumi</i>, Kuala Lumpur: The Other Press, 2014). Endorsed by the famous Rumi scholar <a href="/wiki/A._J._Arberry" class="mw-redirect" title="A. J. Arberry">A. J. Arberry</a>, who penned the foreword.</li> <li>Abdol Reza Arasteh, <i>Rumi the Persian: Rebirth in Creativity and Love</i>, Lahore: Sh. Muhammad Ashraf, 1963 (latest edition, <i>Rumi the Persian, the Sufi</i>, New York: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, 2013). The author was a US-trained Iranian psychiatrist influenced by <a href="/wiki/Erich_Fromm" title="Erich Fromm">Erich Fromm</a> and <a href="/wiki/C.G._Jung" class="mw-redirect" title="C.G. Jung">C.G. Jung</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annemarie_Schimmel" title="Annemarie Schimmel">Annemarie Schimmel</a>, <i>The Triumphal Sun: A Study of the Works of Jalaloddin Rumi</i>, Albany: SUNY Press, 1993.</li> <li>Fatemeh Keshavarz, <i>Reading Mystical Lyric: The Case of Jalal al-Din Rumi</i>, University of South Carolina Press, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57003-180-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57003-180-9">978-1-57003-180-9</a>.</li> <li><i>Mawlana Rumi Review</i> mawlanarumireview.com. An annual review devoted to Rumi. Archetype, 2010. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-901383-38-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-901383-38-6">978-1-901383-38-6</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seyyed_Hossein_Nasr" title="Seyyed Hossein Nasr">Seyyed Hossein Nasr</a>, <i>Islamic Art and Spirituality</i>, Albany: SUNY Press, 1987, chapters 7 and 8.</li> <li>Majid M. Naini, <i>The Mysteries of the Universe and Rumi's Discoveries on the Majestic Path of Love</i>, Universal Vision & Research, 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9714600-0-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9714600-0-3">978-0-9714600-0-3</a></li> <li>Franklin Lewis, <i>Rumi: Past and Present, East and West</i>, Oneworld Publications, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85168-214-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85168-214-0">978-1-85168-214-0</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2000" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, Franklin (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rumipastpresente0000lewi_f6r2"><i>Rumi: Past and Present, East and West</i></a></span>. One World (UK). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85168-214-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85168-214-0"><bdi>978-1-85168-214-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rumi%3A+Past+and+Present%2C+East+and+West&rft.pub=One+World+%28UK%29&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-85168-214-0&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Franklin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frumipastpresente0000lewi_f6r2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Leslie Wines, <i>Rumi: A Spiritual Biography</i>, New York: Crossroads, 2001 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8245-2352-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8245-2352-7">978-0-8245-2352-7</a>.</li> <li><i>Rumi's Thoughts</i>, edited by Seyed G. Safavi, London: London Academy of Iranian Studies, 2003.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Chittick" title="William Chittick">William Chittick</a>, <i>The Sufi Doctrine of Rumi: Illustrated Edition</i>, Bloomington: World Wisdom, 2005.</li> <li>Şefik Can, <i>Fundamentals of Rumi's Thought: A Mevlevi Sufi Perspective</i>, Sommerset (NJ): The Light Inc., 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-932099-79-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-932099-79-9">978-1-932099-79-9</a>.</li> <li>"Rumi's Tasawwuf and Vedanta" by R. M. Chopra in <i>Indo Iranica</i>, Vol. 60</li> <li>Athanasios Sideris, "Mevlana Celaleddin Rumi", an entry on Rumi's connections to the Greek element in Asia Minor, in the <i>Encyclopedia of the Hellenic World – Asia Minor</i>, 2003.</li> <li>Waley, Muhammad Isa (2017). <i>The Stanzaic Poems (Tarjī'āt) of Rumi</i>. <i>Critical Edition, Translation, and Commentary, with Additional Chapters on Aspects of His Divan</i> (School of Oriental and African Studies, London).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Persian_literature">Persian literature</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/E._G._Browne" class="mw-redirect" title="E. G. Browne">E. G. Browne</a>, <i>History of Persia</i>, four volumes, first published 1902–1924.</li> <li>Jan Rypka, <i>History of Iranian Literature</i>, Reidel Publishing Company; 1968 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/460598">460598</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-277-0143-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-277-0143-5">978-90-277-0143-5</a></li> <li>"RUMI: His Teachings and Philosophy" by R. M. Chopra, Iran Society, Kolkata (2007).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMozaffariAkbar2023" class="citation journal cs1">Mozaffari, Ali; Akbar, Ali (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10286632.2023.2241872">"Heritage diplomacy and soft power competition between Iran and Turkey: competing claims over Rumi and Nowruz"</a>. <i>International Journal of Cultural Policy</i>. <b>30</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">597–</span>614. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10286632.2023.2241872">10.1080/10286632.2023.2241872</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:261025849">261025849</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Cultural+Policy&rft.atitle=Heritage+diplomacy+and+soft+power+competition+between+Iran+and+Turkey%3A+competing+claims+over+Rumi+and+Nowruz&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E597-%3C%2Fspan%3E614&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10286632.2023.2241872&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A261025849%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Mozaffari&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft.au=Akbar%2C+Ali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F10286632.2023.2241872&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARumi" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Rumi</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Jalal_al-Din_Muhammad_Rumi" class="extiw" title="c:Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Rumi" class="extiw" title="q:Rumi">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Jalal_al-Din_Muhammad_Rumi" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/43130">Works by Rumi</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28Rumi+OR+Rūmī+OR+Rúmí%29">Works by or about Rumi</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/2597">Works by Rumi</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/authors/OL2659024A">Works by Rumi</a> at <a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">Open Library</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43347#P648" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dar-al-masnavi.org/">Dar al Masnavi</a>, several English versions of selections by different translators.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poet/jalal-al-din-rumi">Poems by Rumi in English</a> at the Academy of American Poets</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ganjoor.net/moulavi/masnavi/daftar1/sh1/"><i>Masnavi-e Ma'navi</i></a>, recited in Persian by Mohammad Ghanbar</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sufi" title="Template:Sufi"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sufi" title="Template talk:Sufi"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sufi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sufi"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sufism200" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; white-space:nowrap; font-size:100%; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sufi_orders" title="List of Sufi orders">Sufi orders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Qadiriyya" title="Qadiriyya">Qadiriyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qadir_Gilani" title="Abdul Qadir Gilani">'Abd al-Qadir al-Gilani</a>)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chishtiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Chishtiyya">Chishtiyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Mu%27in_al-Din_Chishti" title="Mu'in al-Din Chishti">Mu'in al-Din Chishti</a>)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Naqshbandiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Naqshbandiyya">Naqshbandiyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Baha%27_al-Din_Naqshband" title="Baha' al-Din Naqshband">Baha' al-Din Naqshband</a>)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Suhrawardiyya" title="Suhrawardiyya">Suhrawardiyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Shihab_al-Din_%27Umar_al-Suhrawardi" title="Shihab al-Din 'Umar al-Suhrawardi">Shihab al-Din 'Umar al-Suhrawardi</a>)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rifa%27iyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Rifa'iyya">Rifa'iyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Rifa%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad al-Rifa'i">Ahmad al-Rifa'i</a>)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Badawiyya" title="Badawiyya">Badawiyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Badawi" title="Ahmad al-Badawi">Ahmad al-Badawi</a>)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Desuqiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Desuqiyya">Desuqiyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Desuqi" title="Ibrahim al-Desuqi">Ibrahim al-Desuqi</a>)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Shadhiliyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadhiliyya">Shadhiliyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hasan_al-Shadhili" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu al-Hasan al-Shadhili">Abu al-Hasan al-Shadhili</a>)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Akbariyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Akbariyya">Akbariyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Ibn_Arabi" title="Ibn Arabi">Ibn Arabi</a>)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Khalwatiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Khalwatiyya">Khalwatiyya</a></b> <small>('Umar al-Khalwati)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rahmaniyya" title="Rahmaniyya">Rahmaniyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Sidi_M%27hamed_Bou_Qobrine" title="Sidi M'hamed Bou Qobrine">Muhammad b. 'Abd al-Rahman al-Azhari</a>)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bayramiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayramiyya">Bayramiyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Bayram_Wali" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayram Wali">Bayram Wali</a>)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ba_%27Alawiyya" title="Ba 'Alawiyya">Ba 'Alawiyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Faqih_al-Muqaddam" title="Muhammad al-Faqih al-Muqaddam">Muhammad ibn 'Ali Ba 'Alawi</a>)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tijaniyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Tijaniyya">Tijaniyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Tijani" title="Ahmad al-Tijani">Ahmad al-Tijani</a>)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Idrisiyya" title="Idrisiyya">Idrisiyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Idris_al-Fasi" title="Ahmad ibn Idris al-Fasi">Ahmad ibn Idris al-Fasi</a>)</small></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maghribi_Kufic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Maghribi_Kufic.jpg/150px-Maghribi_Kufic.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Maghribi_Kufic.jpg/225px-Maghribi_Kufic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Maghribi_Kufic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="328" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; white-space:nowrap; font-size:100%; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;width:1%">Practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhikr" title="Dhikr">Dhikr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha%E1%B8%8Dra" title="Haḍra">Haḍra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asceticism" title="Asceticism">Zuhd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyarat" title="Ziyarat">Ziyarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawlid" title="Mawlid">Mawlid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muraqabah" title="Muraqabah">Muraqabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqwa" title="Taqwa">Taqwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tazkiyah" title="Tazkiyah">Tazkiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawassul" title="Tawassul">Tawassul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barakah" title="Barakah">Tabarruk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawakkul" title="Tawakkul">Tawakkul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; white-space:nowrap; font-size:100%; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;width:1%">Ideas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ihsan" title="Ihsan">Ihsan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wajd" title="Wajd">Wajd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashf" title="Kashf">Kashf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamat" title="Karamat">Karamat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C5%ABr_(Islam)" title="Nūr (Islam)">Nūr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhawq" title="Dhawq">Dhawq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishq" title="Ishq">Ishq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murid" title="Murid">Murid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salik" title="Salik">Salik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_studies" title="Sufi studies">Sufi studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi poetry">Sufi poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_philosophy" title="Sufi philosophy">Sufi philosophy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; white-space:nowrap; font-size:100%; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sufi_literature" title="Sufi literature">Sufi literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Risala_al-Qushayriyya" title="Al-Risala al-Qushayriyya">Al-Risala al-Qushayriyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilyat_al-Awliya%27" title="Hilyat al-Awliya'">Hilyat al-Awliya'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashf_al-Mahjub" title="Kashf al-Mahjub">Kashf al-Mahjub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Alchemy_of_Happiness" title="The Alchemy of Happiness">The Alchemy of Happiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Revival_of_the_Religious_Sciences" title="The Revival of the Religious Sciences">The Revival of the Religious Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Burda" title="Al-Burda">Al-Burda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dala%27il_al-Khayrat" title="Dala'il al-Khayrat">Dala'il al-Khayrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazail-e-Amaal" title="Fazail-e-Amaal">Fadha'il al-'Amal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; white-space:nowrap; font-size:100%; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sufis" title="List of Sufis">Notable Sufis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd AH/8th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_al-Basri" title="Hasan al-Basri">Al-Hasan al-Basri</a> (d. 110 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_ibn_Dinar" class="mw-redirect" title="Malik ibn Dinar">Malik ibn Dinar</a> (d. 128 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_ibn_Adham" title="Ibrahim ibn Adham">Ibrahim ibn Adham</a> (d. 160 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufyan_al-Thawri" title="Sufyan al-Thawri">Sufyan al-Thawri</a> (d. 161 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawud_al-Ta%27i" title="Dawud al-Ta'i">Dawud al-Ta'i</a> (d. 165 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Wahid_ibn_Zaid" title="Abd al-Wahid ibn Zaid">'Abd al-Wahid ibn Zaid</a> (d. 177 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabia_of_Basra" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabia of Basra">Rabi'a al-'Adawiyya</a> (d. 180 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Mubarak" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn al-Mubarak">Ibn al-Mubarak</a> (d. 181 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fudayl_ibn_%27Iyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Fudayl ibn 'Iyad">Al-Fudayl ibn 'Iyad</a> (d. 188 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaqiq_al-Balkhi" title="Shaqiq al-Balkhi">Shaqiq al-Balkhi</a> (d. 194 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27ruf_al-Karkhi" title="Ma'ruf al-Karkhi">Ma'ruf al-Karkhi</a> (d. 200 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd AH/9th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Darani" title="Al-Darani">Al-Darani</a> (d. 205 or 215 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishr_al-Hafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishr al-Hafi">Bishr al-Hafi</a> (d. 227 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Harith_al-Muhasibi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Harith al-Muhasibi">Al-Harith al-Muhasibi</a> (d. 243 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhul-Nun_al-Misri" title="Dhul-Nun al-Misri">Dhul-Nun al-Misri</a> (d. 245 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sari_al-Saqati" title="Sari al-Saqati">Sari al-Saqati</a> (d. 253 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_ibn_Mu%27adh_al-Razi" title="Yahya ibn Mu'adh al-Razi">Yahya ibn Mu'adh al-Razi</a> (d. 258 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sa%27id_al-Kharraz" title="Abu Sa'id al-Kharraz">Abu Sa'id al-Kharraz</a> (d. 277 or 286 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahl_al-Tustari" title="Sahl al-Tustari">Sahl al-Tustari</a> (d. 283 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_al-Tirmidhi" title="Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi">Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi</a> (d. 295 or 320 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Husain_al-Nuri" title="Abu al-Husain al-Nuri">Abu al-Husain al-Nuri</a> (d. 295 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th AH/10th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruwaym" title="Ruwaym">Ruwaym</a> (d. 303 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Shibli" title="Abu Bakr al-Shibli">Abu Bakr al-Shibli</a> (d. 334 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Talib_al-Makki" title="Abu Talib al-Makki">Abu Talib al-Makki</a> (d. 386 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Kalabadhi" title="Abu Bakr al-Kalabadhi">Abu Bakr al-Kalabadhi</a> (d. 380 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #FFE4E1">Sufi leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi</a> (d. 589 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kb%C3%B6ri" title="Gökböri">Muzaffar al-Din Gökböri</a> (d. 630 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Abu_al-Haggag" title="Yusuf Abu al-Haggag">Yusuf Abu al-Haggag</a> (d. 642 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Muhammad al-Fateh</a> (d. 886 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a> (d. 1118 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazl-e-Haq_Khairabadi" title="Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi">Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi</a> (d. 1277 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Zafar" title="Bahadur Shah Zafar">Bahadur Shah Zafar</a> (d. 1278 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imam_Shamil" title="Imam Shamil">Imam Shamil</a> (d. 1287 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emir_Abdelkader" title="Emir Abdelkader">Emir Abdel-Kader</a> (d. 1300 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ahmad" title="Muhammad Ahmad">Muhammad Ahmad</a> (d. 1302/1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_al-Mukhtar" title="Omar al-Mukhtar">Omar al-Mukhtar</a> (d. 1350 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izz_ad-Din_al-Qassam" title="Izz ad-Din al-Qassam">'Izz al-Din al-Qassam</a> (d. 1354 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:gold; white-space:nowrap; font-size:100%; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Muslim_scholars_of_the_Hanafi_school447" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hanafi_scholars" title="Template:Hanafi scholars"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hanafi_scholars" title="Template talk:Hanafi scholars"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hanafi_scholars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hanafi scholars"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Muslim_scholars_of_the_Hanafi_school447" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hanafis" title="List of Hanafis">Muslim scholars</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Hanafi_school" title="Hanafi school">Hanafi school</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>by century (<a href="/wiki/Hijri_year" title="Hijri year">AH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">CE</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd/8th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hanifa" title="Abu Hanifa">Abu Hanifa</a> (founder of the school; 699–767)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yusuf" title="Abu Yusuf">Abu Yusuf</a> (738–798)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_ibn_al-Mubarak" title="Abd Allah ibn al-Mubarak">Ibn al-Mubarak</a> (726–797)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Shaybani" title="Muhammad al-Shaybani">Muhammad al-Shaybani</a> (749–805)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waki%27_ibn_al-Jarrah" title="Waki' ibn al-Jarrah">Waki' ibn al-Jarrah</a> (d. 812)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd/9th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isa_ibn_Aban" title="Isa ibn Aban">Isa ibn Aban</a> (d. 836)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Abi_Du%27ad" title="Ahmad ibn Abi Du'ad">Ahmad ibn Abi Du'ad</a> (777–854)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_ibn_Aktham" title="Yahya ibn Aktham">Yahya ibn Aktham</a> (d. 857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_al-Tirmidhi" title="Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi">Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi</a> (d. 869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-%E1%B8%AAa%E1%B9%A3%E1%B9%A3%C4%81f" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Ḫaṣṣāf">Al-Ḫaṣṣāf</a> (d. 874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Samarqandi" title="Abu Bakr al-Samarqandi">Abu Bakr al-Samarqandi</a> (d. 882)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th/10th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Tahawi" title="Al-Tahawi">Al-Tahawi</a> (843–933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mansur_al-Maturidi" title="Abu Mansur al-Maturidi">Abu Mansur al-Maturidi</a> (853–944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_al-Samarqandi" title="Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi">Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi</a> (b. 874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jassas" title="Al-Jassas">Al-Jassas</a> (917–981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Layth_al-Samarqandi" title="Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi">Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi</a> (944–983)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th/11th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Husayn_al-Basri" title="Abu al-Husayn al-Basri">Abu al-Husayn al-Basri</a> (d. 1044)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karima_al-Marwaziyya" title="Karima al-Marwaziyya">Karima al-Marwaziyya</a> (969–1069)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Hujwiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Hujwiri">Ali Hujwiri</a> (1009–1072)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bazdawi" title="Al-Bazdawi">Al-Bazdawi</a> (1010–1089)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sarakhsi" title="Al-Sarakhsi">Al-Sarakhsi</a> (d. 1090)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Yusr_al-Bazdawi" title="Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi">Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi</a> (1030–1100)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Mu%27in_al-Nasafi" title="Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi">Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi</a> (d. 1115)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Thana%27_al-Lamishi" title="Abu al-Thana' al-Lamishi">Abu al-Thana' al-Lamishi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th/12th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ishaq_al-Saffar_al-Bukhari" title="Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari">Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari</a> (d. 1139)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Mal%C4%81%E1%B8%A5im%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn al-Malāḥimī">Ibn al-Malāḥimī</a> (d. 1141)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Hamadani" title="Yusuf Hamadani">Yusuf Hamadani</a> (1062–1141)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hafs_Umar_al-Nasafi" title="Abu Hafs Umar al-Nasafi">Abu Hafs Umar al-Nasafi</a> (1067–1142)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zamakhshari" title="Al-Zamakhshari">Al-Zamakhshari</a> (1074–1143)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siraj_al-Din_al-Ushi" title="Siraj al-Din al-Ushi">Siraj al-Din al-Ushi</a> (d. 1180)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_al-Din_al-Sabuni" title="Nur al-Din al-Sabuni">Nur al-Din al-Sabuni</a> (d. 1184)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatima_al-Samarqandi" title="Fatima al-Samarqandi">Fatima al-Samarqandi</a> (d. 1185)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kasani" title="Al-Kasani">Al-Kasani</a> (d. 1191)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_al-Din_al-Ghaznawi" title="Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi">Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi</a> (d. 1197)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burhan_al-Din_al-Marghinani" title="Burhan al-Din al-Marghinani">Burhan al-Din al-Marghinani</a> (1135–1197)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th/13th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rumi</a> (1207–1273)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalaluddin_Tabrizi" title="Jalaluddin Tabrizi">Jalaluddin Tabrizi</a> (d. 1228)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutbuddin_Bakhtiar_Kaki" title="Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki">Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki</a> (1173–1235)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%27in_al-Din_Chishti" title="Mu'in al-Din Chishti">Mu'in al-Din Chishti</a> (1143–1236)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Farid" title="Baba Farid">Baba Farid</a> (1173–1266)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Tawwama" title="Abu Tawwama">Abu Tawwama</a> (d. 1300)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Barakat_al-Nasafi" title="Abu al-Barakat al-Nasafi">Abu al-Barakat al-Nasafi</a> (d. 1310)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th/14th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nizamuddin_Auliya" title="Nizamuddin Auliya">Nizamuddin Auliya</a> (1238–1325)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uthman_bin_Ali_Zayla%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Uthman bin Ali Zayla'i">Uthman bin Ali Zayla'i</a> (d. 1342)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Jalal" title="Shah Jalal">Shah Jalal Mujarrad</a> (1271–1346)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usman_Serajuddin" title="Usman Serajuddin">Uthman Siraj ad-Din</a> (1258–1357)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaul_Haq" title="Alaul Haq">Ala al-Haq</a> (1301–1384)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahaniyan_Jahangasht" title="Jahaniyan Jahangasht">Jahaniyan Jahangasht</a> (1308–1384)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akmal_al-Din_al-Babarti" title="Akmal al-Din al-Babarti">Akmal al-Din al-Babarti</a> (d. 1384)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Taftazani" title="Al-Taftazani">Al-Taftazani</a> (1322–1390)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abi_al-Izz" title="Ibn Abi al-Izz">Ibn Abi al-Izz</a> (1331–1390)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Din_al-Samarqandi" title="Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi">Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi</a> (1350–1410)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sharif_al-Jurjani" title="Al-Sharif al-Jurjani">Al-Sharif al-Jurjani</a> (1339–1414)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th/15th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nur_Qutb_Alam" title="Nur Qutb Alam">Nur Qutb Alam</a> (d. 1416)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bande_Nawaz" title="Bande Nawaz">Bande Nawaz</a> (1321–1422)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Din_al-Fanari" title="Shams al-Din al-Fanari">Shams al-Din al-Fanari</a> (1350–1431)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Ala%27_al-Din_al-Bukhari" title="'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari">'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari</a> (1377–1438)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husam_ad-Din_Manikpuri" title="Husam ad-Din Manikpuri">Husam ad-Din Manikpuri</a> (d. 1449)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badr_al-Din_al-Ayni" title="Badr al-Din al-Ayni">Badr al-Din al-Ayni</a> (1361–1451)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kamal_ibn_al-Humam" title="Al-Kamal ibn al-Humam">Al-Kamal ibn al-Humam</a> (1388–1457)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Qushji" title="Ali Qushji">Ali Qushji</a> (1403–1474)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khidr_Bey" title="Khidr Bey">Khidr Bey</a> (b. 1407)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th/16th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zenbilli_Ali_Cemali_Efendi" title="Zenbilli Ali Cemali Efendi">Zenbilli Ali Cemali Efendi</a> (1445–1526)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kemal" title="Ibn Kemal">Ibn Kemal</a> (1468–1536)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Quddus_Gangohi" title="Abdul Quddus Gangohi">Abdul Quddus Gangohi</a> (1456–1537)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibr%C4%81h%C4%ABm_al-%E1%B8%A4alab%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibrāhīm al-Ḥalabī">Ibrāhīm al-Ḥalabī</a> (1460–1549)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahreddin-i_Acemi" title="Fahreddin-i Acemi">Fahreddin-i Acemi</a> (d. 1460)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ghawth" title="Muhammad Ghawth">Muhammad Ghawth</a> (1500–1562)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagore_Shahul_Hamid" title="Nagore Shahul Hamid">Nagore Shahul Hamid</a> (1504–1570)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosleh_al-Din_Lari" title="Mosleh al-Din Lari">Mosleh al-Din Lari</a> (1510–1572)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Birgivi" title="Muhammad Birgivi">Muhammad Birgivi</a> (1522–1573)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebussuud_Efendi" title="Ebussuud Efendi">Ebussuud Efendi</a> (1490–1574)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamza_Makhdoom" title="Hamza Makhdoom">Hamza Makhdoom</a> (1494–1576)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wajihuddin_Alvi" title="Wajihuddin Alvi">Wajihuddin Alvi</a> (1490–1580)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%C5%9Fk%C3%B6pr%C3%BCzade" title="Taşköprüzade">Taşköprülüzade Ahmet</a> (1495–1561)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaykh_Yaqub_Sarfi_Kashmiri" title="Shaykh Yaqub Sarfi Kashmiri">Yaqub Sarfi Kashmiri</a> (1521–1595)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoca_Sadeddin_Efendi" title="Hoca Sadeddin Efendi">Sadeddin Efendi</a> (1536–1599)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Selaniki" title="Mustafa Selaniki">Mustafa Selaniki</a> (d. 1600)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Qari" title="Ali al-Qari">Ali al-Qari</a> (d. 1606)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th/17th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Sirhindi" title="Ahmad Sirhindi">Ahmad Sirhindi</a> (1564–1624)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hocazade_Esad_Efendi" title="Hocazade Esad Efendi">Esad Efendi</a> (1570–1625)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kad%C4%B1zade_Mehmed" title="Kadızade Mehmed">Kadızade Mehmed</a> (1582–1635)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Abd_al-Haqq_al-Dehlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="'Abd al-Haqq al-Dehlawi">'Abd al-Haqq al-Dehlawi</a> (1551–1642)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baha%27i_Mehmed_Efendi" title="Baha'i Mehmed Efendi">Mehmed Efendi</a> (1595–1654)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A2tip_%C3%87elebi" title="Kâtip Çelebi">Kâtip Çelebi</a> (1609–1657)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jana_Begum" title="Jana Begum">Jana Begum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihab_al-Din_al-Khafaji" title="Shihab al-Din al-Khafaji">Shihab al-Din al-Khafaji</a> (1569–1659)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khayr_al-Din_al-Ramli" title="Khayr al-Din al-Ramli">Khayr al-Din al-Ramli</a> (1585–1671)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Rafi_Mohammad" title="Syed Rafi Mohammad">Syed Rafi Mohammad</a> (d. 1679)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_Zahid_Harawi" title="Mir Zahid Harawi">Mir Zahid Harawi</a> (d. 1689)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Inayatullah" title="Syed Inayatullah">Syed Inayatullah</a> (d. 1713)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th/18th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Abdur_Rahim" title="Shah Abdur Rahim">Shah Abdur Rahim</a> (1644–1719)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinat-un-Nissa_Begum" title="Zinat-un-Nissa Begum">Zinat-un-Nissa Begum</a> (1643–1721)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Hayatullah" title="Syed Hayatullah">Syed Hayatullah</a> (d. 1722)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Ghani_al-Nabulsi" title="Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi">Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi</a> (1641–1731)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Mohammad_Zaman" title="Syed Mohammad Zaman">Syed Mohammad Zaman</a> (d. 1756)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashim_Thattvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hashim Thattvi">Hashim Thattvi</a> (1692–1761)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Waliullah_Dehlawi" title="Shah Waliullah Dehlawi">Shah Waliullah Dehlawi</a> (1703–1762)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Nuri_Bengali" title="Shah Nuri Bengali">Shah Nuri Bengali</a> (d. 1785)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Mazhar_Jan-e-Janaan" title="Mirza Mazhar Jan-e-Janaan">Mirza Mazhar Jan-e-Janaan</a> (1699–1781)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murtada_al-Zabidi" title="Murtada al-Zabidi">Murtada al-Zabidi</a> (1732–1790)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanaullah_Panipati" title="Sanaullah Panipati">Sanaullah Panipati</a> (1730–1810)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Mohammad_Rafi" title="Syed Mohammad Rafi">Syed Mohammad Rafi</a> (d. 1803)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majduddin" title="Majduddin">Majduddin</a> (d. 1813)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th/19th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87erkes_Halil_Efendi" title="Çerkes Halil Efendi">Çerkes Halil Efendi</a> (d. 1821)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Ali_Dehlavi" title="Ghulam Ali Dehlavi">Ghulam Ali Dehlavi</a> (1743–1824)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Abdul_Aziz_Dehlavi" title="Shah Abdul Aziz Dehlavi">Shah Abdul Aziz</a> (1746–1824)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatima_al-Fudayliya" title="Fatima al-Fudayliya">Fatima al-Fudayliya</a> (d. 1831)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Ahmad_Barelvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Syed Ahmad Barelvi">Syed Ahmad Barelvi</a> (1786–1831)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titumir" title="Titumir">Syed Mir Nisar Ali</a> (1782–1831)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abidin" title="Ibn Abidin">Ibn Abidin</a> (1784–1836)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji_Shariatullah" title="Haji Shariatullah">Haji Shariatullah</a> (1781–1840)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Muhammad_Ishaq" title="Shah Muhammad Ishaq">Shah Muhammad Ishaq</a> (1783–1846)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Ali_Nanautawi" title="Mamluk Ali Nanautawi">Mamluk Ali Nanautawi</a> (1789–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_al-Alusi" title="Mahmud al-Alusi">Mahmud al-Alusi</a> (1802–1854)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazl-e-Haq_Khairabadi" title="Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi">Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi</a> (1796–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudu_Miyan" title="Dudu Miyan">Dudu Miyan</a> (1819–1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamat_Ali_Jaunpuri" title="Karamat Ali Jaunpuri">Karamat Ali Jaunpuri</a> (1800–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Ghani_al-Ghunaymi_al-Maydani" title="Abd al-Ghani al-Ghunaymi al-Maydani">Al-Maydani</a> (1807–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji_Dost_Muhammad_Qandhari" title="Haji Dost Muhammad Qandhari">Haji Dost Muhammad Qandhari</a> (1801–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Shah_Mehr_Ali_Alquadri_Al_Baghdadi" title="Syed Shah Mehr Ali Alquadri Al Baghdadi">Mehr Ali Qadiri</a> (1808–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Ma_Dexin" title="Yusuf Ma Dexin">Yusuf Ma Dexin</a> (1794–1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naqi_Ali_Khan" title="Naqi Ali Khan">Naqi Ali Khan</a> (1830–1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Qasim_Nanautavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi">Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi</a> (1832–1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Ali_Saharanpuri" title="Ahmad Ali Saharanpuri">Ahmad Ali Saharanpuri</a> (1810–1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqub_Nanautawi" title="Yaqub Nanautawi">Yaqub Nanautawi</a> (1833–1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazhar_Nanautawi" title="Mazhar Nanautawi">Mazhar Nanautawi</a> (1821–1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaidullah_Al_Ubaidi_Suhrawardy" title="Ubaidullah Al Ubaidi Suhrawardy">Ubaidullah Suhrawardy</a> (1832–1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Hayy_al-Lucknawi" title="Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi">Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi</a> (1848–1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafiz_Muhammad_Siddique" title="Hafiz Muhammad Siddique">Siddiq Bharchundi</a> (1819–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafiuddin_Deobandi" title="Rafiuddin Deobandi">Rafiuddin Deobandi</a> (1836–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahmatullah_Kairanawi" title="Rahmatullah Kairanawi">Rahmatullah Kairanawi</a> (1818–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Ruhi_Efendi" title="Mustafa Ruhi Efendi">Mustafa Ruhi Efendi</a> (1800–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoodullah_Shah" title="Mahmoodullah Shah">Mahmoodullah Hussaini</a> (d. 1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Ahmad_Dehlavi_(academic)" title="Syed Ahmad Dehlavi (academic)">Syed Ahmad Dehlavi</a> (died 1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imdadullah_Muhajir_Makki" title="Imdadullah Muhajir Makki">Imdadullah Muhajir Makki</a> (1817–1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafiz_Ahmad_Jaunpuri" title="Hafiz Ahmad Jaunpuri">Hafiz Ahmad Jaunpuri</a> (1834–1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Ahmad_Gangohi" title="Rashid Ahmad Gangohi">Rashid Ahmad Gangohi</a> (1826–1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Wahid_Bengali" title="Abdul Wahid Bengali">Abdul Wahid Bengali</a> (1850–1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Ahmad_Ullah" class="mw-redirect" title="Syed Ahmad Ullah">Syed Ahmadullah Maizbhandari</a> (1826–1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazlur_Rahman_Usmani" title="Fazlur Rahman Usmani">Fazlur Rahman Usmani</a> (1831–1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_ibn_Abbas_ibn_Siddiq" title="Abd Allah ibn Abbas ibn Siddiq">Abd Allah ibn Abbas ibn Siddiq</a> (1854–1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Naimuddin" title="Muhammad Naimuddin">Muhammad Naimuddin</a> (1832–1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Raza_Khan" title="Hassan Raza Khan">Hassan Raza Khan</a> (1859–1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Muhammad_Abid" title="Sayyid Muhammad Abid">Sayyid Muhammad Abid</a> (1834–1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Hasan_Amrohi" title="Ahmad Hasan Amrohi">Ahmad Hasan Amrohi</a> (1850–1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kareemullah_Shah" title="Kareemullah Shah">Kareemullah Shah</a> (1838–1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibli_Nomani" title="Shibli Nomani">Shibli Nomani</a> (1857–1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najib_Ali_Choudhury" title="Najib Ali Choudhury">Najib Ali Choudhury</a> (fl. 1870s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th/20th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Barelvi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Asrarullah_Hussaini" title="Mohammed Asrarullah Hussaini">Asrarullah Hussaini</a> (1856–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Raza_Khan_Barelvi" title="Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi">Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi</a> (1856–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Amjad" title="Muhammad Amjad">Muhammad Amjad</a> (d. 1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Muhammad_Din_Puri" title="Ghulam Muhammad Din Puri">Ghulam Muhammad Dinpuri</a> (1835–1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Qasim_Sadiq" title="Muhammad Qasim Sadiq">Qasim Sadiq</a> (1845–1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamid_Raza_Khan" title="Hamid Raza Khan">Hamid Raza Khan</a> (1875–1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amjad_Ali_Aazmi" title="Amjad Ali Aazmi">Amjad Ali Aazmi</a> (1882–1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naeem-ud-Deen_Muradabadi" title="Naeem-ud-Deen Muradabadi">Naeem-ud-Deen Muradabadi</a> (1887–1948)</li> <li>Abdullah Barelvi (1841–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaat_Ali_Shah" title="Jamaat Ali Shah">Jamaat Ali Shah</a> (1834–1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murtaza_Hasan_Chandpuri" title="Murtaza Hasan Chandpuri">Murtaza Hasan Chandpuri</a> (1868–1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kifayatullah_Dehlawi" title="Kifayatullah Dehlawi">Kifayatullah Dehlawi</a> (1875–1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihabuddeen_Ahmed_Koya_Shaliyathi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shihabuddeen Ahmed Koya Shaliyathi">Shihabuddeen Ahmed Koya Shaliyathi</a> (1885–1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Abdul_Aleem_Siddiqi" title="Muhammad Abdul Aleem Siddiqi">Abdul Aleem Siddiqi</a> (1892–1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amin_ul-Hasanat" title="Amin ul-Hasanat">Amin ul-Hasanat</a> (1922–1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar_Ahmad_Chishti" title="Sardar Ahmad Chishti">Sardar Ahmad Chishti</a> (1903–1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Raza_Khan" title="Ibrahim Raza Khan">Ibrahim Raza Khan</a> (1907–1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_Qadri_Badayuni" title="Abdul Hamid Qadri Badayuni">Abdul Hamid Qadri Badayuni</a> (1898–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Abdul_Ghafoor_Hazarvi" title="Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi">Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi</a> (1909–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazlur_Rahman_Ansari" title="Fazlur Rahman Ansari">Fazlur Rahman Ansari</a> (1914–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Mohi-ud-Din_Ghaznavi" title="Ghulam Mohi-ud-Din Ghaznavi">Ghulam Mohiuddin Ghaznavi</a> (1902–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Raza_Khan_Qadri" title="Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri">Mustafa Raza Khan</a> (1892–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziauddin_Madani_(scholar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ziauddin Madani (scholar)">Ziauddin Madni</a> (1877–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwaja_Qamar_ul_Din_Sialvi" title="Khwaja Qamar ul Din Sialvi">Khwaja Qamar ul Din Sialvi</a> (1906–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Muslehuddin_Siddiqui" title="Muhammad Muslehuddin Siddiqui">Muslehuddin Siddiqui</a> (1918–1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faiz-ul_Hassan_Shah" title="Faiz-ul Hassan Shah">Faiz-ul Hassan Shah</a> (1911–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shafee_Okarvi" title="Shafee Okarvi">Shafee Okarvi</a> (1930–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Saeed_Kazmi" title="Ahmad Saeed Kazmi">Ahmad Saeed Kazmi</a> (1913–1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Shujaat_Ali_Qadri" title="Syed Shujaat Ali Qadri">Shujaat Ali Qadri</a> (1941–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waqaruddin_Qadri" title="Waqaruddin Qadri">Waqaruddin Qadri</a> (1915–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Wahab_Siddiqi" title="Abdul Wahab Siddiqi">Abdul Wahab Siddiqi</a> (1942–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karam_Shah_al-Azhari" title="Karam Shah al-Azhari">Karam Shah Azhari</a> (1918–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadruddin_Islahi" title="Sadruddin Islahi">Sadruddin Islahi</a> (1917–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Ali_Okarvi" title="Ghulam Ali Okarvi">Ghulam Ali Okarvi</a> (1919–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Rashid_Ahmed_Jaunpuri" title="Syed Rashid Ahmed Jaunpuri">Rashid Ahmed Jaunpuri</a> (1889–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arshadul_Qadri" title="Arshadul Qadri">Arshadul Qadri</a> (1925–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ibrahim_Siddiqui" title="Muhammad Ibrahim Siddiqui">Ibrahim Siddiqui</a> (1930–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Ahmad_Noorani" title="Shah Ahmad Noorani">Shah Ahmad Noorani</a> (1926–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarfraz_Ahmed_Naeemi" title="Sarfraz Ahmed Naeemi">Sarfraz Ahmed Naeemi</a> (1948–2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deobandi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imamuddin_Punjabi" title="Imamuddin Punjabi">Imamuddin Punjabi</a> (died 1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_Madarshahi" title="Abdul Hamid Madarshahi">Abdul Hamid Madarshahi</a> (1869–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi" title="Mahmud Hasan Deobandi">Mahmud Hasan Deobandi</a> (1851–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_Azizur_Rahman" title="Sufi Azizur Rahman">Sufi Azizur Rahman</a> (1862–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_Ahmad_Saharanpuri" title="Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri">Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri</a> (1852–1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Mungeri" title="Muhammad Ali Mungeri">Muhammad Ali Mungeri</a> (1846–1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aziz-ul-Rahman_Usmani" title="Aziz-ul-Rahman Usmani">Azizur Rahman Usmani</a> (1859–1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafiz_Muhammad_Ahmad" title="Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad">Muhammad Ahmad Nanautawi</a> (1862–1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Ali_Tashna" title="Ibrahim Ali Tashna">Ibrahim Ali Tashna</a> (1872–1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Shah_Kashmiri" title="Anwar Shah Kashmiri">Anwar Shah Kashmiri</a> (1875–1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Mumtaz_Ali" title="Sayyid Mumtaz Ali">Sayyid Mumtaz Ali</a> (1860–1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majid_Ali_Jaunpuri" title="Majid Ali Jaunpuri">Majid Ali Jaunpuri</a> (d. 1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Muhasin_Muhammad_Sajjad" title="Abul Muhasin Muhammad Sajjad">Abul Muhasin Sajjad</a> (1880–1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shukrullah_Mubarakpuri" title="Shukrullah Mubarakpuri">Shukrullah Mubarakpuri</a> (1895–1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Ali_Thanwi" title="Ashraf Ali Thanwi">Ashraf Ali Thanwi</a> (1863–1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Ujani" title="Ibrahim Ujani">Ibrahim Ujani</a> (1863–1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habibullah_Qurayshi" title="Habibullah Qurayshi">Habibullah Qurayshi</a> (1865–1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaidullah_Sindhi" title="Ubaidullah Sindhi">Ubaidullah Sindhi</a> (1872–1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyas_Kandhlawi" title="Ilyas Kandhlawi">Ilyas Kandhlawi</a> (1885–1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asghar_Hussain_Deobandi" title="Asghar Hussain Deobandi">Asghar Hussain Deobandi</a> (1877–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Sahool_Bhagalpuri" title="Muhammad Sahool Bhagalpuri">Sahool Bhagalpuri</a> (d. 1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulaiman_Nadvi" title="Sulaiman Nadvi">Sulaiman Nadvi</a> (1884–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbir_Ahmad_Usmani" title="Shabbir Ahmad Usmani">Shabbir Ahmad Usmani</a> (1887–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izaz_Ali_Amrohi" title="Izaz Ali Amrohi">Izaz Ali Amrohi</a> (1882–1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manazir_Ahsan_Gilani" title="Manazir Ahsan Gilani">Manazir Ahsan Gilani</a> (1892–1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussain_Ahmed_Madani" title="Hussain Ahmed Madani">Hussain Ahmed Madani</a> (1879–1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Saeed_Dehlavi" title="Ahmad Saeed Dehlavi">Ahmad Saeed Dehlavi</a> (1888–1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badre_Alam_Merathi" title="Badre Alam Merathi">Badre Alam Merathi</a> (1898–1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azizul_Haq_(scholar,_born_1903)" title="Azizul Haq (scholar, born 1903)">Azizul Haq</a> (1903–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maqsudullah" title="Maqsudullah">Maqsudullah</a> (1883–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qadir_Raipuri" title="Abdul Qadir Raipuri">Abdul Qadir Raipuri</a> (1878–1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Ali_Lahori" title="Ahmed Ali Lahori">Ahmed Ali Lahori</a> (1887–1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hifzur_Rahman_Seoharwi" title="Hifzur Rahman Seoharwi">Hifzur Rahman Seoharwi</a> (1900–1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Kandhlawi" title="Yusuf Kandhlawi">Yusuf Kandhlawi</a> (1917–1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Ahmad_Hasan" title="Shah Ahmad Hasan">Shah Ahmad Hasan</a> (1882–1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamsul_Haque_Faridpuri" title="Shamsul Haque Faridpuri">Shamsul Haque Faridpuri</a> (1896–1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khair_Muhammad_Jalandhari" title="Khair Muhammad Jalandhari">Khair Muhammad Jalandhari</a> (1895–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jalandhari" title="Muhammad Ali Jalandhari">Muhammad Ali Jalandhari</a> (1895–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushahid_Ahmad_Bayampuri" title="Mushahid Ahmad Bayampuri">Mushahid Ahmad Bayampuri</a> (1907–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdur_Rahman_Kashgari" title="Abdur Rahman Kashgari">Abdur Rahman Kashgari</a> (1912–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Fakhruddin_Ahmad" title="Syed Fakhruddin Ahmad">Syed Fakhruddin Ahmad</a> (1889–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deen_Muhammad_Khan" title="Deen Muhammad Khan">Deen Muhammad Khan</a> (1900–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zafar_Ahmad_Usmani" title="Zafar Ahmad Usmani">Zafar Ahmad Usmani</a> (1892–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Miyan_Deobandi" title="Muhammad Miyan Deobandi">Muhammad Miyan Deobandi</a> (1903–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Balyawi" title="Ibrahim Balyawi">Ibrahim Balyawi</a> (1887–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Faizullah" title="Muhammad Faizullah">Muhammad Faizullah</a> (1892–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Wahhab_Pirji" title="Abdul Wahhab Pirji">Abdul Wahhab Pirji</a> (1895–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athar_Ali_Bengali" title="Athar Ali Bengali">Athar Ali Bengali</a> (1891–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shafi_Deobandi" title="Muhammad Shafi Deobandi">Shafi Usmani</a> (1897–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Banuri" title="Yusuf Banuri">Yusuf Banuri</a> (1908–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Muhammad_Ishaq" title="Syed Muhammad Ishaq">Syed Muhammad Ishaq</a> (1915–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Ali_Badarpuri" title="Ahmed Ali Badarpuri">Ahmed Ali Badarpuri</a> (1915–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Mehboob_Rizwi" title="Syed Mehboob Rizwi">Mehboob Rizwi</a> (1911–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulana_Sahvi_Shah" title="Moulana Sahvi Shah">Sahvi Shah</a> (1923–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mufti_Mehmood" title="Mufti Mehmood">Mufti Mehmood</a> (1919–1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Abd_al-Wahhab" title="Shah Abd al-Wahhab">Shah Abd al-Wahhab</a> (1894–1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakariyya_Kandhlawi" title="Zakariyya Kandhlawi">Zakariyya Kandhlawi</a> (1898–1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Tayyib_Qasmi" title="Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi">Tayyib Qasmi</a> (1897–1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamsul_Haq_Afghani" title="Shamsul Haq Afghani">Shamsul Haq Afghani</a> (1901–1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Chatuli" title="Ibrahim Chatuli">Ibrahim Chatuli</a> (1894–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atiqur_Rahman_Usmani" title="Atiqur Rahman Usmani">Atiqur Rahman Usmani</a> (1901–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeed_Ahmad_Akbarabadi" title="Saeed Ahmad Akbarabadi">Saeed Ahmad Akbarabadi</a> (1908–1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azhar_Shah_Qaiser" title="Azhar Shah Qaiser">Azhar Shah Qaiser</a> (1920–1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harun_Babunagari" title="Harun Babunagari">Harun Babunagari</a> (1902–1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdur_Rashid_Tarkabagish" title="Abdur Rashid Tarkabagish">Abdur Rashid Tarkabagish</a> (1900–1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafizur_Rahman_Wasif_Dehlavi" title="Hafizur Rahman Wasif Dehlavi">Hafizur Rahman Wasif Dehlavi</a> (1910–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammadullah_Hafezzi" title="Muhammadullah Hafezzi">Muhammadullah Hafezzi</a> (1895–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Aziz_Malazada" title="Abdul Aziz Malazada">Abdul Aziz Malazada</a> (1917–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamsul_Huda_Panchbagi" title="Shamsul Huda Panchbagi">Shamsul Huda Panchbagi</a> (1897–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Haq_Akorwi" title="Abdul Haq Akorwi">Abdul Haq Akorwi</a> (1912–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Jalil_Choudhury" title="Abdul Jalil Choudhury">Abdul Jalil Badarpuri</a> (1925–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Matin_Chowdhury_(scholar)" title="Abdul Matin Chowdhury (scholar)">Abdul Matin Fulbari</a> (1915–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnatullah_Rahmani" title="Minnatullah Rahmani">Minnatullah Rahmani</a> (1913–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Taqi_Amini" title="Muhammad Taqi Amini">Taqi Amini</a> (1926–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_al-Rahman_al-A%27zami" title="Habib al-Rahman al-A'zami">Habib al-Rahman al-A'zami</a> (1900–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus_(scholar)" title="Muhammad Yunus (scholar)">Muhammad Yunus</a> (1906–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masihullah_Khan" title="Masihullah Khan">Masihullah Khan</a> (1912–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Hasan_Jashori" title="Abul Hasan Jashori">Abul Hasan Jashori</a> (1918–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shams_Naved_Usmani" title="Shams Naved Usmani">Shams Naved Usmani</a> (1931–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inamul_Hasan_Kandhlawi" title="Inamul Hasan Kandhlawi">Inamul Hasan Kandhlawi</a> (1918–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmood_Hasan_Gangohi" title="Mahmood Hasan Gangohi">Mahmood Hasan Gangohi</a> (1907–1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qazi_Athar_Mubarakpuri" title="Qazi Athar Mubarakpuri">Athar Mubarakpuri</a> (1916–1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamsuddin_Qasemi" title="Shamsuddin Qasemi">Shamsuddin Qasemi</a> (1935–1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manzoor_Nomani" title="Manzoor Nomani">Manzoor Nomani</a> (1905–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Ahmad_Nanupuri" title="Sultan Ahmad Nanupuri">Sultan Ahmad Nanupuri</a> (1914–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Abdullah_Ghazi" title="Muhammad Abdullah Ghazi">Muhammad Abdullah Ghazi</a> (1935–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Hasan_Ali_Hasani_Nadwi" title="Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi">Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi</a> (1913–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ismail_Katki" title="Muhammad Ismail Katki">Ismail Katki</a> (1914–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharif_Hasan_Deobandi" title="Sharif Hasan Deobandi">Sharif Hasan Deobandi</a> (1920–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_Uddin_Gohorpuri" title="Nur Uddin Gohorpuri">Nur Uddin Gohorpuri</a> (1924–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Ali_Bishwanathi" title="Ashraf Ali Bishwanathi">Ashraf Ali Bishwanathi</a> (1928–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafilur_Rahman_Nishat_Usmani" title="Kafilur Rahman Nishat Usmani">Kafilur Rahman Nishat Usmani</a> (1942–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Fazlul_Karim" title="Syed Fazlul Karim">Syed Fazlul Karim</a> (1935–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Abbas_Nadwi" title="Abdullah Abbas Nadwi">Abdullah Abbas Nadwi</a> (1925–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirajussajidin_Katki" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirajussajidin Katki">Sirajussajidin Katki</a> (1939–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abrarul_Haq_Haqqi" title="Abrarul Haq Haqqi">Abrarul Haq Haqqi</a> (1920–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaidul_Haq" title="Ubaidul Haq">Ubaidul Haq</a> (1928–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anzar_Shah_Kashmiri" title="Anzar Shah Kashmiri">Anzar Shah Kashmiri</a> (1927–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obaidul_Haque" title="Obaidul Haque">Obaidul Haque Wazirpuri</a> (1934–2008)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Cemaleddin_Efendi" title="Mehmet Cemaleddin Efendi">Mehmet Cemaleddin Efendi</a> (1848–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Awwal_Jaunpuri" title="Abdul Awwal Jaunpuri">Abdul Awwal Jaunpuri</a> (1867–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azimuddin_Hanafi" title="Azimuddin Hanafi">Azimuddin Hanafi</a> (1838–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medeni_Mehmet_Nuri_Efendi" title="Medeni Mehmet Nuri Efendi">Medeni Mehmet Nuri Efendi</a> (1859–1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamiduddin_Farahi" title="Hamiduddin Farahi">Hamiduddin Farahi</a> (1863–1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machiliwale_Shah" title="Machiliwale Shah">Machiliwale Shah</a> (d. 1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdur_Rab_Jaunpuri" title="Abdur Rab Jaunpuri">Abdur Rab Jaunpuri</a> (1875–1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meher_Ali_Shah" title="Meher Ali Shah">Meher Ali Shah</a> (1859–1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulamur_Rahman" title="Gulamur Rahman">Ghulamur Rahman Maizbhandari</a> (1865–1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ishaq_(scholar)" title="Muhammad Ishaq (scholar)">Muhammad Ishaq</a> (1883–1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Abu_Bakr_Siddique" title="Mohammad Abu Bakr Siddique">Mohammad Abu Bakr Siddique</a> (1845–1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_Siraj" title="Abd Allah Siraj">Abd Allah Siraj</a> (1876–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwaja_Yunus_Ali" class="mw-redirect" title="Khwaja Yunus Ali">Khwaja Yunus Ali</a> (1886–1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesaruddin_Ahmad" title="Nesaruddin Ahmad">Nesaruddin Ahmad</a> (1873–1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kawthari" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Kawthari">Al-Kawthari</a> (1879–1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Sabri" title="Mustafa Sabri">Mustafa Sabri</a> (1869–1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghousi_Shah" title="Ghousi Shah">Ghousi Shah</a> (1893–1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Khaleque_(scholar)" title="Abdul Khaleque (scholar)">Abdul Khaleque Chhaturawi</a> (1892–1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Ali_Enayetpuri" title="Ahmed Ali Enayetpuri">Ahmed Ali Enayetpuri</a> (1898–1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Batin_Jaunpuri" title="Abdul Batin Jaunpuri">Abdul Batin Jaunpuri</a> (1900–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momtazuddin_Ahmad" title="Momtazuddin Ahmad">Momtazuddin Ahmad</a> (1889–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Abu_Zahra" title="Muhammad Abu Zahra">Muhammad Abu Zahra</a> (1898–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amimul_Ehsan_Barkati" title="Amimul Ehsan Barkati">Amimul Ehsan Barkati</a> (1911–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Mohiyuddin_Gilani" title="Ghulam Mohiyuddin Gilani">Ghulam Mohiyuddin Gilani</a> (1891–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Wafa_Al_Afghani" class="mw-redirect" title="Abul Wafa Al Afghani">Abul Wafa Al Afghani</a> (1893–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Majid_Daryabadi" title="Abdul Majid Daryabadi">Abdul Majid Daryabadi</a> (1892–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul_A%27la_Maududi" title="Abul A'la Maududi">Abul A'la Maududi</a> (1903–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdur_Rahim_(scholar)" title="Abdur Rahim (scholar)">Abdur Rahim Firozpuri</a> (1918–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muntakhib_al-Haqq" title="Muntakhib al-Haqq">Muntakhib al-Haqq</a> (fl. 1980s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Zafar_Mohammad_Saleh" title="Abu Zafar Mohammad Saleh">Abu Zafar Mohammad Saleh</a> (1915–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahamed_Muhyudheen_Noorishah_Jeelani" title="Ahamed Muhyudheen Noorishah Jeelani">Ahmed Muhyuddin Nuri Shah Jilani</a> (1915–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayed_Moazzem_Hossain" title="Sayed Moazzem Hossain">Sayed Moazzem Hossain</a> (1901–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamid_al-Ansari_Ghazi" title="Hamid al-Ansari Ghazi">Hamid al-Ansari Ghazi</a> (1909–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayub_Ali" title="Ayub Ali">Ayub Ali</a> (1919–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukhtar_Ashraf" title="Mukhtar Ashraf">Mukhtar Ashraf</a> (1916–1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Haque_Faridi" title="Abdul Haque Faridi">Abdul Haque Faridi</a> (1903–1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamsul-hasan_Shams_Barelvi" title="Shamsul-hasan Shams Barelvi">Shamsul-hasan Shams Barelvi</a> (1917–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Fattah_Abu_Ghudda" title="Abd al-Fattah Abu Ghudda">Abd al-Fattah Abu Ghudda</a> (1917–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amin_Ahsan_Islahi" title="Amin Ahsan Islahi">Amin Ahsan Islahi</a> (1904–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Ghulam_Moinuddin_Gilani" title="Syed Ghulam Moinuddin Gilani">Ghulam Moinuddin Gilani</a> (1920–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naeem_Siddiqui" title="Naeem Siddiqui">Naeem Siddiqui</a> (1916–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Latif_Chowdhury_Fultali" title="Abdul Latif Chowdhury Fultali">Abdul Latif Fultali</a> (1913–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Abdullah_(academic)" title="Muhammad Abdullah (academic)">Muhammad Abdullah</a> (1932–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naseeruddin_Naseer_Gilani" title="Naseeruddin Naseer Gilani">Naseeruddin Naseer Gilani</a> (1949–2009)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th/21st</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Israr_Ahmed" title="Israr Ahmed">Israr Ahmed</a> (1932–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marghubur_Rahman" class="mw-redirect" title="Marghubur Rahman">Marghubur Rahman</a> (1914–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Saeed_Muhammad_Omar_Ali" title="Abu Saeed Muhammad Omar Ali">Abu Saeed Muhammad Omar Ali</a> (1945–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naseer_Ahmad_Khan_(scholar)" title="Naseer Ahmad Khan (scholar)">Naseer Ahmad Khan Bulandshahri</a> (1918–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zafeeruddin_Miftahi" title="Zafeeruddin Miftahi">Zafeeruddin Miftahi</a> (1926–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azizul_Haque_(scholar,_born_1919)" title="Azizul Haque (scholar, born 1919)">Azizul Haque</a> (1919–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdus_Sattar_Akon" title="Abdus Sattar Akon">Abdus Sattar Akon</a> (1929–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Saeed_Ahmed_Raipuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah Saeed Ahmed Raipuri">Shah Saeed Ahmed Raipuri</a> (1926–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazlul_Haque_Amini" title="Fazlul Haque Amini">Fazlul Haque Amini</a> (1945–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahbi_Sulayman_Ghawji" title="Wahbi Sulayman Ghawji">Wahbi Sulayman Ghawji</a> (1923–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Fazal_Karim" title="Muhammad Fazal Karim">Muhammad Fazal Karim</a> (1954–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qazi_Mu%27tasim_Billah" title="Qazi Mu'tasim Billah">Qazi Mu'tasim Billah</a> (1933–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zubairul_Hasan_Kandhlawi" title="Zubairul Hasan Kandhlawi">Zubairul Hasan Kandhlawi</a> (1950–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurul_Islam_Farooqi" title="Nurul Islam Farooqi">Nurul Islam Farooqi</a> (1959–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Naruyi" title="Ahmad Naruyi">Ahmad Naruyi</a> (1963–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asad_Muhammad_Saeed_as-Sagharji" title="Asad Muhammad Saeed as-Sagharji">Asad Muhammad Saeed as-Sagharji</a> (d. 2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdur_Rahman_Chatgami" title="Abdur Rahman Chatgami">Abdur Rahman Chatgami</a> (1920–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Majeed_Ludhianvi" title="Abdul Majeed Ludhianvi">Abdul Majeed Ludhianvi</a> (1935–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Quraishi_Al-Azhari" title="Abdullah Quraishi Al-Azhari">Abdullah Quraishi Al-Azhari</a> (1935–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibtain_Raza_Khan" title="Sibtain Raza Khan">Sibtain Raza Khan</a> (1927–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhiuddin_Khan" title="Muhiuddin Khan">Muhiuddin Khan</a> (1935–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Jabbar_Jahanabadi" title="Abdul Jabbar Jahanabadi">Abdul Jabbar Jahanabadi</a> (1937–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Turab-ul-Haq" title="Shah Turab-ul-Haq">Shah Turab-ul-Haq</a> (1944–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleemullah_Khan" title="Saleemullah Khan">Saleemullah Khan</a> (1921–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus_Jaunpuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Yunus Jaunpuri">Yunus Jaunpuri</a> (1937–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Alauddin_Siddiqui" title="Muhammad Alauddin Siddiqui">Alauddin Siddiqui</a> (1938–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Abdul_Wahhab" title="Muhammad Abdul Wahhab">Muhammad Abdul Wahhab</a> (1923–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Salim_Qasmi" title="Muhammad Salim Qasmi">Salim Qasmi</a> (1926–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhtar_Raza_Khan" title="Akhtar Raza Khan">Akhtar Raza Khan</a> (1943–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iftikhar-ul-Hasan_Kandhlawi" title="Iftikhar-ul-Hasan Kandhlawi">Iftikhar-ul-Hasan Kandhlawi</a> (1922–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Motala" title="Yusuf Motala">Yusuf Motala</a> (1946–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Nabi_Kashmiri" title="Ghulam Nabi Kashmiri">Ghulam Nabi Kashmiri</a> (1965–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_Mahmud_(judge)" class="mw-redirect" title="Khalid Mahmud (judge)">Khalid Mahmud</a> (1925–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafazzul_Haque_Habiganji" class="mw-redirect" title="Tafazzul Haque Habiganji">Tafazzul Haque Habiganji</a> (1938–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdus_Sobhan" title="Abdus Sobhan">Muhammad Abdus Sobhan</a> (1936–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Momin_Imambari" title="Abdul Momin Imambari">Abdul Momin Imambari</a> (1930–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeed_Ahmad_Palanpuri" title="Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri">Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri</a> (1940–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salman_Mazahiri" title="Salman Mazahiri">Salman Mazahiri</a> (1946–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Ahmad_Shafi" title="Shah Ahmad Shafi">Shah Ahmad Shafi</a> (1945–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Adil_Khan" title="Muhammad Adil Khan">Adil Khan</a> (1957–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khadim_Hussain_Rizvi" title="Khadim Hussain Rizvi">Khadim Hussain Rizvi</a> (1966–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_Hossain_Kasemi" title="Nur Hossain Kasemi">Nur Hossain Kasemi</a> (1945–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aziz_Ur_Rahman_Hazarvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Aziz Ur Rahman Hazarvi">Azizur Rahman Hazarvi</a> (1948–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizamuddin_Asir_Adrawi" title="Nizamuddin Asir Adrawi">Nizamuddin Asir Adrawi</a> (1926–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_al-Sabuni" title="Muhammad Ali al-Sabuni">Muhammad Ali al-Sabuni</a> (1930–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Wakkas" title="Muhammad Wakkas">Muhammad Wakkas</a> (1952–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noor_Alam_Khalil_Amini" title="Noor Alam Khalil Amini">Noor Alam Khalil Amini</a> (1952–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usman_Mansoorpuri" title="Usman Mansoorpuri">Usman Mansoorpuri</a> (1944–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junaid_Babunagari" title="Junaid Babunagari">Junaid Babunagari</a> (1953–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wali_Rahmani" title="Wali Rahmani">Wali Rahmani</a> (1943–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebrahim_Desai" title="Ebrahim Desai">Ebrahim Desai</a> (1963–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam_Chatgami" title="Abdus Salam Chatgami">Abdus Salam Chatgami</a> (1943–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdur_Razzaq_Iskander" title="Abdur Razzaq Iskander">Abdur Razzaq Iskander</a> (1935–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurul_Islam_Jihadi" title="Nurul Islam Jihadi">Nurul Islam Jihadi</a> (1916–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faizul_Waheed" title="Faizul Waheed">Faizul Waheed</a> (1964–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahiduddin_Khan" title="Wahiduddin Khan">Wahiduddin Khan</a> (1925–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AbdulWahid_Rigi" class="mw-redirect" title="AbdulWahid Rigi">AbdulWahid Rigi</a> (d. 2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Halim_Bukhari" title="Abdul Halim Bukhari">Abdul Halim Bukhari</a> (1945–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Rafi_Usmani" title="Muhammad Rafi Usmani">Rafi Usmani</a> (1936–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delwar_Hossain_Sayeedi" title="Delwar Hossain Sayeedi">Delwar Hossain Sayeedi</a> (1940–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahidul_Islam_(Mufti)" title="Shahidul Islam (Mufti)">Shahidul Islam</a> (1960–2023)</li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Living</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Mohammad_Saifur_Rahman" class="mw-redirect" title="Syed Mohammad Saifur Rahman">Saifur Rahman Nizami</a> (b. 1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Rasool_Jamaati" title="Ghulam Rasool Jamaati">Ghulam Rasool Jamaati</a> (b. 1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Waheed_Ashraf" title="Syed Waheed Ashraf">Syed Waheed Ashraf</a> (b. 1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Abdul_Qadir_Jilani" class="mw-redirect" title="Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani">Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani</a> (b. 1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhibbullah_Babunagari" title="Muhibbullah Babunagari">Muhibbullah Babunagari</a> (b. 1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziaul_Mustafa_Razvi_Qadri" title="Ziaul Mustafa Razvi Qadri">Ziaul Mustafa Razvi Qadri</a> (b. 1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qadir_Jilani_(Pakistani_scholar)" title="Abdul Qadir Jilani (Pakistani scholar)">Abdul Qadir Pakistani</a> (b. 1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nematullah_Azami" title="Nematullah Azami">Nematullah Azami</a> (b. 1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Ziya_Kavak%C3%A7%C4%B1" title="Yusuf Ziya Kavakçı">Yusuf Ziya Kavakçı</a> (b. 1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madni_Miyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Madni Miyan">Madni Miyan</a> (b. 1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qamruddin_Ahmad_Gorakhpuri" title="Qamruddin Ahmad Gorakhpuri">Qamruddin Ahmad Gorakhpuri</a> (b. 1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Zauq_Nadvi" title="Sultan Zauq Nadvi">Sultan Zauq Nadvi</a> (b. 1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zia_Uddin" title="Zia Uddin">Zia Uddin</a> (b. 1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arshad_Madani" title="Arshad Madani">Arshad Madani</a> (b. 1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Taqi_Usmani" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Taqi Usmani">Taqi Usmani</a> (b. 1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayed_Kamaluddin_Zafree" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayed Kamaluddin Zafree">Kamaluddin Zafree</a> (b. 1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muneeb-ur-Rehman" title="Muneeb-ur-Rehman">Muneeb-ur-Rehman</a> (b. 1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qamaruzzaman_Azmi" title="Qamaruzzaman Azmi">Qamaruzzaman Azmi</a> (b. 1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdolhamid_Ismaeelzahi" title="Abdolhamid Ismaeelzahi">Abdolhamid Ismaeelzahi</a> (b. 1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Qasim_Nomani" title="Abul Qasim Nomani">Abul Qasim Nomani</a> (b. 1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Idrees_Dahiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Idrees Dahiri">Idrees Dahiri</a> (b. 1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farid_Uddin_Chowdhury" title="Farid Uddin Chowdhury">Farid Uddin Chowdhury</a> (b. 1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farid_Uddin_Masood" title="Farid Uddin Masood">Farid Uddin Masood</a> (b. 1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmudul_Hasan_(scholar)" title="Mahmudul Hasan (scholar)">Mahmudul Hasan</a> (b. 1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Mukhtaruddin_Shah" title="Syed Mukhtaruddin Shah">Mukhtaruddin Shah</a> (b. 1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyas_Qadri" title="Ilyas Qadri">Ilyas Qadri</a> (b. 1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafeel_Ahmad_Qasmi" title="Kafeel Ahmad Qasmi">Kafeel Ahmad Qasmi</a> (b. 1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Tahir-ul-Qadri" title="Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri">Tahir-ul-Qadri</a> (b. 1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Kalam_Qasmi_Shamsi" title="Abul Kalam Qasmi Shamsi">Abul Kalam Qasmi Shamsi</a> (b. 1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaseen_Akhtar_Misbahi" title="Yaseen Akhtar Misbahi">Yaseen Akhtar Misbahi</a> (b. 1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Jamil" title="Tariq Jamil">Tariq Jamil</a> (b. 1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulfiqar_Ahmad_Naqshbandi" title="Zulfiqar Ahmad Naqshbandi">Zulfiqar Ahmad Naqshbandi</a> (b. 1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Khaliq_Madrasi" title="Abdul Khaliq Madrasi">Abdul Khaliq Madrasi</a> (b. 1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Sufyan_Qasmi" title="Muhammad Sufyan Qasmi">Sufyan Qasmi</a> (b. 1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadeem_al-Wajidi" title="Nadeem al-Wajidi">Nadeem al-Wajidi</a> (b. 1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurul_Islam_Olipuri" title="Nurul Islam Olipuri">Nurul Islam Walipuri</a> (b. 1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajjad_Nomani" title="Sajjad Nomani">Sajjad Nomani</a> (b. 1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghousavi_Shah" title="Ghousavi Shah">Ghousavi Shah</a> (b. 1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ameen_Mian_Quadri" title="Ameen Mian Quadri">Ameen Mian Quadri</a> (b. 1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_Sabir_Shah" title="Pir Sabir Shah">Pir Sabir Shah</a> (b. 1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Taher_Misbah" title="Abu Taher Misbah">Abu Taher Misbah</a> (b. 1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaukab_Noorani_Okarvi" title="Kaukab Noorani Okarvi">Kaukab Noorani Okarvi</a> (b. 1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamid_Saeed_Kazmi" title="Hamid Saeed Kazmi">Hamid Saeed Kazmi</a> (b. 1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahmatullah_Mir_Qasmi" title="Rahmatullah Mir Qasmi">Rahmatullah Mir Qasmi</a> (b. 1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_F_M_Khalid_Hossain" title="A F M Khalid Hossain">AFM Khalid Hossain</a> (b. 1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Najibul_Bashar_Maizbhandari" title="Syed Najibul Bashar Maizbhandari">Najibul Bashar Maizbhandari</a> (b. 1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Aziz_(Pakistani_cleric)" title="Abdul Aziz (Pakistani cleric)">Abdul Aziz Ghazi</a>]] (b. 1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakir_Ali_Noori" title="Shakir Ali Noori">Shakir Ali Noori</a> (b. 1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhul_Amin_(mufti)" title="Ruhul Amin (mufti)">Ruhul Amin</a> (b. 1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizanur_Rahman_Sayed" title="Mizanur Rahman Sayed">Mizanur Rahman Sayed</a> (b. 1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Hanif_Jalandhari" title="Muhammad Hanif Jalandhari">Hanif Jalandhari</a> (b. 1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajidur_Rahman" title="Sajidur Rahman">Sajidur Rahman</a> (b. 1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Mogra" title="Ibrahim Mogra">Ibrahim Mogra</a> (b. 1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saad_Kandhlawi" title="Saad Kandhlawi">Saad Kandhlawi</a> (b. 1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faiz-ul-Aqtab_Siddiqi" title="Faiz-ul-Aqtab Siddiqi">Faiz-ul-Aqtab Siddiqi</a> (b. 1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Maroofi" title="Abdullah Maroofi">Abdullah Maroofi</a> (b. 1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Arshad_Misbahi" title="Muhammad Arshad Misbahi">Arshad Misbahi</a> (b. 1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Reza_Muhammad_Nezamuddin" title="Abu Reza Muhammad Nezamuddin">Abu Reza Nadwi</a> (b. 1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahfuzul_Haque" title="Mahfuzul Haque">Mahfuzul Haque</a> (b. 1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ilyas_Ghuman" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Ilyas Ghuman">Ilyas Ghuman</a> (b. 1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilal_Abdul_Hai_Hasani_Nadwi" title="Bilal Abdul Hai Hasani Nadwi">Bilal Abdul Hai Hasani Nadwi</a> (b. 1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasim_Rashid_Ahmad" title="Qasim Rashid Ahmad">Qasim Rashid Ahmad</a> (b. 1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asjad_Raza_Khan" title="Asjad Raza Khan">Asjad Raza Khan</a> (b. 1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rezaul_Karim_(scholar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rezaul Karim (scholar)">Syed Rezaul Karim</a> (b. 1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yusuf_Riyadh_ul_Haq" title="Abu Yusuf Riyadh ul Haq">Riyadh ul Haq</a> (b. 1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arif_Jameel_Mubarakpuri" title="Arif Jameel Mubarakpuri">Arif Jameel Mubarakpuri</a> (b. 1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obaidullah_Hamzah" title="Obaidullah Hamzah">Obaidullah Hamzah</a> (b. 1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raza_Saqib_Mustafai" title="Raza Saqib Mustafai">Raza Saqib Mustafai</a> (b. 1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manzoor_Mengal" title="Manzoor Mengal">Manzoor Mengal</a> (b. 1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Faizul_Karim" title="Syed Faizul Karim">Syed Faizul Karim</a> (b. 1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamunul_Haque" title="Mamunul Haque">Mamunul Haque</a> (b. 1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husam_Uddin_Chowdhury_Fultali" title="Husam Uddin Chowdhury Fultali">Husamuddin Fultali</a> (b. 1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdur_Rahman_ibn_Yusuf_Mangera" title="Abdur Rahman ibn Yusuf Mangera">Abdur Rahman Mangera</a> (b. 1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faraz_Rabbani" title="Faraz Rabbani">Faraz Rabbani</a> (b. 1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishtiaque_Ahmad_Qasmi" title="Ishtiaque Ahmad Qasmi">Ishtiaque Ahmad Qasmi</a> (b. 1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Adnan_Kakakhail" title="Syed Adnan Kakakhail">Adnan Kakakhail</a> (b. 1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Adam_Al-Kawthari" title="Muhammad ibn Adam Al-Kawthari">Muhammad al-Kawthari</a> (b. 1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harun_Izhar" title="Harun Izhar">Harun Izhar</a> (b. 1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amer_Jamil" title="Amer Jamil">Amer Jamil</a> (b. 1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasir_Nadeem_al_Wajidi" title="Yasir Nadeem al Wajidi">Yasir Nadeem al Wajidi</a> (b. 1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahinur_Pasha_Chowdhury" title="Shahinur Pasha Chowdhury">Shahinur Pasha Chowdhury</a> (b. 1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbas_Siddiqui" title="Abbas Siddiqui">Abbas Siddiqui</a> (b. 1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaif_Raza_Khan" title="Kaif Raza Khan">Kaif Raza Khan</a> (b. 2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Mohammad_Vastanvi" title="Ghulam Mohammad Vastanvi">Ghulam Mohammad Vastanvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tauqeer_Raza_Khan" title="Tauqeer Raza Khan">Tauqeer Raza Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhan_Raza_Khan" title="Subhan Raza Khan">Subhan Raza Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Malek_Halim" title="Abdul Malek Halim">Abdul Malek Halim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izharul_Islam_Chowdhury" title="Izharul Islam Chowdhury">Izharul Islam Chowdhury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amjad_M._Mohammed" title="Amjad M. Mohammed">Amjad M. Mohammed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar-ul-Haq_Haqqani" title="Anwar-ul-Haq Haqqani">Anwar-ul-Haq Haqqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukarram_Ahmad" title="Mukarram Ahmad">Mukarram Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Khabeer_Azad" title="Abdul Khabeer Azad">Abdul Khabeer Azad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzaffar_Shah_Qadri" class="mw-redirect" title="Muzaffar Shah Qadri">Muzaffar Qadri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Scholars of other Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hanbali_scholars" title="Template:Hanbali scholars">Hanbali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Maliki_scholars" title="Template:Maliki scholars">Maliki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Shafi%27i_scholars" title="Template:Shafi'i scholars">Shafi'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Zahiri_scholars" title="Template:Zahiri scholars">Zahiri</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Maturidi_school_of_Sunni_theology301" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #03C03C;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Maturidi" title="Template:Maturidi"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Maturidi" title="Template talk:Maturidi"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Maturidi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Maturidi"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Maturidi_school_of_Sunni_theology301" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Maturidism" title="Maturidism">Maturidi school of Sunni theology</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCFF;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ash%27aris_and_Maturidis#Maturidis" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ash'aris and Maturidis">Maturidi scholars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd AH/9th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mansur_al-Maturidi" title="Abu Mansur al-Maturidi">Abu Mansur al-Maturidi</a> (d. 333 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_al-Samarqandi" title="Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi">Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi</a> (d. 342 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Kalabadhi" title="Abu Bakr al-Kalabadhi">Abu Bakr al-Kalabadhi</a> (d. 379 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Layth_al-Samarqandi" title="Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi">Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi</a> (d. 396 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th AH/10th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Zayd_al-Dabusi" title="Abu Zayd al-Dabusi">Abu Zayd al-Dabusi</a> (d. 429 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Hujwiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Hujwiri">Ali Hujwiri</a> (d. 464 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%ABsuf_Balasaguni" title="Yūsuf Balasaguni">Yūsuf Balasaguni</a> (d. 469 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bazdawi" title="Al-Bazdawi">Fakhr al-Islam al-Bazdawi</a> (d. 482 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sarakhsi" title="Al-Sarakhsi">Al-Sarakhsi</a> (d. 483 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Yusr_al-Bazdawi" title="Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi">Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi</a> (d. 493 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th AH/11th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Mu%27in_al-Nasafi" title="Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi">Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi</a> (d. 508 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ishaq_al-Saffar_al-Bukhari" title="Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari">Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari</a> (d. 534 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Hamadani" title="Yusuf Hamadani">Yusuf Hamadani</a> (d. 535 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Ahmad-e_Jami" title="Sheikh Ahmad-e Jami">Sheikh Ahmad-e Jami</a> (d. 536 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hafs_Umar_al-Nasafi" title="Abu Hafs Umar al-Nasafi">Abu Hafs Umar al-Nasafi</a> (d. 537 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Yasawi" title="Ahmad Yasawi">Ahmad Yasawi</a> (d. 561 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_ad-Din_(died_1174)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nur ad-Din (died 1174)">Nur al-Din Zengi</a> (d. 569 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siraj_al-Din_al-Ushi" title="Siraj al-Din al-Ushi">Siraj al-Din al-Ushi</a> (d. 575 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_al-Din_al-Sabuni" title="Nur al-Din al-Sabuni">Nur al-Din al-Sabuni</a> (d. 580 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatima_al-Samarqandi" title="Fatima al-Samarqandi">Fatima al-Samarqandi</a> (d. 581 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kasani" title="Al-Kasani">Al-Kasani</a> (d. 587 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_al-Din_al-Ghaznawi" title="Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi">Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi</a> (d. 593 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th AH/12th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Thana%27_al-Lamishi" title="Abu al-Thana' al-Lamishi">Abu al-Thana' al-Lamishi</a> (d. beginning of the 6th century AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27azzam_Isa" title="Al-Mu'azzam Isa">Al-Mu'azzam 'Isa</a> (d. 624 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutbuddin_Bakhtiar_Kaki" title="Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki">Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki</a> (d. 632 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%27in_al-Din_Chishti" title="Mu'in al-Din Chishti">Mu'in al-Din Chishti</a> (d. 633 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saif_ed-Din_al-Boharsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Saif ed-Din al-Boharsi">Saif ed-Din al-Boharsi</a> (d. 659 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Farid" title="Baba Farid">Baba Farid</a> (d. 664 AH)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rumi</a> (d. 671 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Din_al-Samarqandi" title="Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi">Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi</a> (d. after 690 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th AH/13th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Barakat_al-Nasafi" title="Abu al-Barakat al-Nasafi">Abu al-Barakat al-Nasafi</a> (d. 710 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Walad" title="Sultan Walad">Sultan Walad</a> (d. 711 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizamuddin_Auliya" title="Nizamuddin Auliya">Nizamuddin Auliya</a> (d. 725 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadr_al-Shari%27a_al-Asghar" title="Sadr al-Shari'a al-Asghar">Sadr al-Shari'a al-Asghar</a> (d. 747 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akmal_al-Din_al-Babarti" title="Akmal al-Din al-Babarti">Akmal al-Din al-Babarti</a> (d. 786 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baha%27_al-Din_Naqshband" title="Baha' al-Din Naqshband">Baha' al-Din Naqshband</a> (d. 791 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadi_Burhan_al-Din" title="Kadi Burhan al-Din">Kadi Burhan al-Din</a> (d. 800 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th AH/14th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bande_Nawaz" title="Bande Nawaz">Bande Nawaz</a> (d. 825 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Din_al-Fanari" title="Shams al-Din al-Fanari">Shams al-Din al-Fanari</a> (d. 834 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Ala%27_al-Din_al-Bukhari" title="'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari">'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari</a> (d. 841 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqub_al-Charkhi" title="Yaqub al-Charkhi">Yaqub al-Charkhi</a> (d. 851 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Arabshah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad ibn Arabshah">Ahmad ibn Arabshah</a> (d. 861 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badr_al-Din_al-Ayni" title="Badr al-Din al-Ayni">Badr al-Din al-'Ayni</a> (d. 855 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kamal_ibn_al-Humam" title="Al-Kamal ibn al-Humam">Al-Kamal ibn al-Humam</a> (d. 861 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khidr_Bey" title="Khidr Bey">Khidr Bey</a> (d. 863 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Bistami" title="Ali al-Bistami">Ali al-Bistami</a> (d. 874 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Qushji" title="Ali Qushji">'Ali al-Qushji</a> (d. 879 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a> (d. 886 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwaja_Ahrar" title="Khwaja Ahrar">Khwaja Ahrar</a> (d. 895 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th AH/15th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ali-Shir_Nava%27i" title="Ali-Shir Nava'i">Ali-Shir Nava'i</a> (d. 906 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husayn_Kashifi" title="Husayn Kashifi">Husayn Kashifi</a> (d. 910 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kemal" title="Ibn Kemal">Ibn Kemal</a> (d. 940 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Quddus_Gangohi" title="Abdul Quddus Gangohi">Abdul Quddus Gangohi</a> (d. 943 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibr%C4%81h%C4%ABm_al-%E1%B8%A4alab%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibrāhīm al-Ḥalabī">Ibrāhīm al-Ḥalabī</a> (d. 955 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%C5%9Fk%C3%B6pr%C3%BCzade" title="Taşköprüzade">Taşköprüzade</a> (d. 968 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Birgivi" title="Muhammad Birgivi">Muhammad Birgivi</a> (d. 980 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebussuud_Efendi" title="Ebussuud Efendi">Ebussuud Efendi</a> (d. 982 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th AH/16th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khwaja_Baqi_Billah" title="Khwaja Baqi Billah">Khwaja Baqi Billah</a> (d. 1011 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Qari" title="Ali al-Qari">'Ali al-Qari</a> (d. 1014 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Kafi_Pru%C5%A1%C4%8Dak" title="Hasan Kafi Pruščak">Hasan Kafi al-Aqhisari</a> (d. 1025 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Sirhindi" title="Ahmad Sirhindi">Ahmad Sirhindi</a> (d. 1034 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Hudayi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmud Hudayi">Mahmud Hudayi</a> (d. 1037 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Abd_al-Haqq_al-Dehlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="'Abd al-Haqq al-Dehlawi">'Abd al-Haqq al-Dehlawi</a> (d. 1052 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulla_Mahmud_Jaunpuri" title="Mulla Mahmud Jaunpuri">Mulla Mahmud Jaunpuri</a> (d. 1061 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hakim_Sialkoti" title="Abdul Hakim Sialkoti">'Abd al-Hakim al-Siyalkoti</a> (d. 1067 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Daiyu" title="Wang Daiyu">Wang Daiyu</a> (d. around 1068 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A2tip_%C3%87elebi" title="Kâtip Çelebi">Kâtip Çelebi</a> (d. 1068 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihab_al-Din_al-Khafaji" title="Shihab al-Din al-Khafaji">Shihab al-Din al-Khafaji</a> (d. 1069 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khayr_al-Din_al-Ramli" title="Khayr al-Din al-Ramli">Khayr al-Din al-Ramli</a> (d. 1081 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th AH/17th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a> (d. 1118 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Zhu" title="Ma Zhu">Ma Zhu</a> (d. around 1123 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_Haqqi_Bursevi" title="Ismail Haqqi Bursevi">Ismail Haqqi Bursevi</a> (d. 1127 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Abdur_Rahim" title="Shah Abdur Rahim">Shah Abdur Rahim</a> (d. 1131 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhi_(scholar)" title="Liu Zhi (scholar)">Liu Zhi of Nanjing</a> (d. 1158 AH, or 1178 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizamuddin_Sihalivi" title="Nizamuddin Sihalivi">Nizamuddin Sihalivi</a> (d. 1161 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhdoom_Muhammad_Hashim_Thattvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattvi">Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattvi</a> (d. 1174 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Waliullah_Dehlawi" title="Shah Waliullah Dehlawi">Shah Waliullah Dehlawi</a> (d. 1176 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Ghani_al-Nabulsi" title="Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi">'Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi</a> (d. 1176 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0brahim_Hakk%C4%B1_Erzurumi" title="İbrahim Hakkı Erzurumi">İbrahim Hakkı Erzurumi</a> (d. 1193 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Mazhar_Jan-e-Janaan" title="Mirza Mazhar Jan-e-Janaan">Mirza Mazhar Jan-e-Janaan</a> (d. 1195 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th AH/18th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gelenbevi_Ismail_Efendi" title="Gelenbevi Ismail Efendi">Gelenbevi Ismail Efendi</a> (d. 1204 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murtada_al-Zabidi" title="Murtada al-Zabidi">Murtada al-Zabidi</a> (d. 1205 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanaullah_Panipati" title="Sanaullah Panipati">Sanaullah Panipati</a> (d. 1225 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghabdennasir_Qursawi" title="Ghabdennasir Qursawi">Ghabdennasir Qursawi</a> (d. 1226 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Ali_Dehlavi" title="Ghulam Ali Dehlavi">Ghulam Ali Dehlavi</a> (d. 1239 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Abdul_Aziz" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah Abdul Aziz">Shah Abdul Aziz</a> (d. 1239 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Ismail_Dehlvi" title="Shah Ismail Dehlvi">Shah Ismail Dehlvi</a> (d. 1246 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Ahmad_Barelvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Syed Ahmad Barelvi">Syed Ahmad Barelvi</a> (d. 1246 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abidin" title="Ibn Abidin">Ibn 'Abidin</a> (d. 1252 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_%27Abid_al-Sindi" title="Muhammad 'Abid al-Sindi">Muhammad 'Abid al-Sindi</a> (d. 1257 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Ali_Nanautawi" title="Mamluk Ali Nanautawi">Mamluk Ali Nanautawi</a> (d. 1267 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazl-e-Haq_Khairabadi" title="Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi">Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi</a> (d. 1278 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Ma_Dexin" title="Yusuf Ma Dexin">Yusuf Ma Dexin</a> (d. 1291 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Qasim_Nanautavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi">Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi</a> (d. 1297 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naqi_Ali_Khan" title="Naqi Ali Khan">Naqi Ali Khan</a> (d. 1297 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Ghani_al-Ghunaymi_al-Maydani" title="Abd al-Ghani al-Ghunaymi al-Maydani">'Abd al-Ghani al-Maydani</a> (d. 1298 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th AH/19th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Hayy_al-Lucknawi" title="Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi">'Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi</a> (d. 1304 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eihabetdin_M%C3%A4rcani" title="Şihabetdin Märcani">Shihab al-Din al-Marjani</a> (d. 1306 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahmatullah_Kairanawi" title="Rahmatullah Kairanawi">Rahmatullah al-Kairanawi</a> (d. 1308 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giritli_S%C4%B1rr%C4%B1_Pasha" title="Giritli Sırrı Pasha">Giritli Sırrı Pasha</a> (d. 1312 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Cevdet_Pasha" title="Ahmed Cevdet Pasha">Ahmed Cevdet Pasha</a> (d. 1312 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imdadullah_Muhajir_Makki" title="Imdadullah Muhajir Makki">Imdadullah Muhajir Makki</a> (d. 1317 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abai_Qunanbaiuly" title="Abai Qunanbaiuly">Abai Qunanbaiuly</a> (d. 1321 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Ahmad_Gangohi" title="Rashid Ahmad Gangohi">Rashid Ahmad Gangohi</a> (d. 1323 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Hasan_Amrohi" title="Ahmad Hasan Amrohi">Ahmad Hasan Amrohi</a> (d. 1330 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Anwaarullah_Farooqui" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Anwaarullah Farooqui">Muhammad Anwaarullah Farooqui</a> (d. 1335 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi" title="Mahmud Hasan Deobandi">Mahmud Hasan Deobandi</a> (d. 1338 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Raza_Khan_Barelvi" title="Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi">Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi</a> (d. 1340 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakarim_Qudayberdiuli" title="Shakarim Qudayberdiuli">Shakarim Qudayberdiuli</a> (d. 1344 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Mungeri" title="Muhammad Ali Mungeri">Muhammad Ali Mungeri</a> (d. 1346 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_Ahmad_Saharanpuri" title="Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri">Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri</a> (d. 1346 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Shah_Kashmiri" title="Anwar Shah Kashmiri">Anwar Shah Kashmiri</a> (d. 1352 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Bakhit_al-Muti%27i" title="Muhammad Bakhit al-Muti'i">Muhammad Bakhit al-Muti'i</a> (d. 1354 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatma_Aliye_Topuz" title="Fatma Aliye Topuz">Fatma Aliye Topuz</a> (d. 1354 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meher_Ali_Shah" title="Meher Ali Shah">Meher Ali Shah</a> (d. 1356 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammed_Hamdi_Yaz%C4%B1r" title="Muhammed Hamdi Yazır">Muhammed Hamdi Yazır</a> (d. 1361 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Ali_Thanwi" title="Ashraf Ali Thanwi">Ashraf Ali Thanwi</a> (d. 1361 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaidullah_Sindhi" title="Ubaidullah Sindhi">Ubaidullah Sindhi</a> (d. 1364 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbir_Ahmad_Usmani" title="Shabbir Ahmad Usmani">Shabbir Ahmad Usmani</a> (d. 1368 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa_Bigiev" title="Musa Bigiev">Musa Bigiev</a> (d. 1368 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kawthari" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Kawthari">Al-Kawthari</a> (d. 1371 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kifayatullah_Dehlawi" title="Kifayatullah Dehlawi">Kifayatullah Dehlawi</a> (d. 1371 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Sabri" title="Mustafa Sabri">Mustafa Sabri</a> (d. 1373 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussain_Ahmed_Madani" title="Hussain Ahmed Madani">Husayn Ahmad al-Madani</a> (d. 1377 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Hilmi_Tunahan" title="Süleyman Hilmi Tunahan">Süleyman Hilmi Tunahan</a> (d. 1378 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96mer_Nasuhi_Bilmen" title="Ömer Nasuhi Bilmen">Ömer Nasuhi Bilmen</a> (d. 1391 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Abu_Zahra" title="Muhammad Abu Zahra">Muhammad Abu Zahra</a> (d. 1394 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shafi%27_Deobandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Shafi' Deobandi">Muhammad Shafi' Deobandi</a> (d. 1395 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Wafa_Al_Afghani" class="mw-redirect" title="Abul Wafa Al Afghani">Abul Wafa Al Afghani</a> (d. 1395 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Majid_Daryabadi" title="Abdul Majid Daryabadi">Abdul Majid Daryabadi</a> (d. 1397 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th AH/20th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zakariyya_al-Kandhlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi">Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi</a> (d. 1402 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Tayyib_Qasmi" title="Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi">Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi</a> (d. 1403 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Haq_Akorwi" title="Abdul Haq Akorwi">Abdul Haq Akorwi</a> (d. 1409 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_al-Rahman_al-%27Azmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Habib al-Rahman al-'Azmi">Habib al-Rahman al-'Azmi</a> (d. 1412 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayub_Ali" title="Ayub Ali">Muhammad Ayyub Ali</a> (d. 1415 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anzar_Shah_Kashmiri" title="Anzar Shah Kashmiri">Anzar Shah Kashmiri</a> (d. 1428 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahbah_al-Zuhayli" title="Wahbah al-Zuhayli">Wahbah al-Zuhayli</a> (d. 1436 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Salim_Qasmi" title="Muhammad Salim Qasmi">Muhammad Salim Qasmi</a> (d. 1439 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeed_Ahmad_Palanpuri" title="Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri">Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri</a> (d. 1441 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_al-Sabuni" title="Muhammad Ali al-Sabuni">Muhammad Ali al-Sabuni</a> (d. 1442 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_Hossain_Kasemi" title="Nur Hossain Kasemi">Nur Hossain Kasemi</a> (d. 1442 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usmankhan_Alimov" title="Usmankhan Alimov">Usmankhan Alimov</a> (d. 1443 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Rafi%27_Usmani" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Rafi' Usmani">Muhammad Rafi' Usmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Tahir-ul-Qadri" title="Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri">Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Taqi_Usmani" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Taqi Usmani">Muhammad Taqi Usmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husein_Kavazovi%C4%87" title="Husein Kavazović">Husein Kavazović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_Mezhiev" title="Salah Mezhiev">Salah Mezhiev</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Imammaturidi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Imammaturidi.jpg/150px-Imammaturidi.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Imammaturidi.jpg/225px-Imammaturidi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Imammaturidi.jpg/300px-Imammaturidi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCFF;">Theology books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fiqh_al-Akbar" title="Al-Fiqh al-Akbar">Al-Fiqh al-Akbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitab_al-Tawhid_(Al-Maturidi)" title="Kitab al-Tawhid (Al-Maturidi)">Kitab al-Tawhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafsir_al-Maturidi" title="Tafsir al-Maturidi">Tafsir al-Maturidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqidah_al-Tahawiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Aqidah al-Tahawiyyah">Al-'Aqida al-Tahawiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sawad_al-A%27zam" title="Al-Sawad al-A'zam">Al-Sawad al-A'zam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabsirat_al-Adilla" title="Tabsirat al-Adilla">Tabsirat al-Adilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharh_al-%27Aqa%27id_al-Nasafiyya" title="Sharh al-'Aqa'id al-Nasafiyya">'Aqa'id al-Nasafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talkhis_al-Adilla" title="Talkhis al-Adilla">Talkhis al-Adilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masnavi" title="Masnavi">Masnavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fihi_Ma_Fihi" title="Fihi Ma Fihi">Fihi Ma Fihi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Kitab" title="Han Kitab">Han Kitab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingzhen_Zhinan" title="Qingzhen Zhinan">Qingzhen Zhinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutadgu_Bilig" title="Kutadgu Bilig">Kutadgu Bilig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafsir_al-Mazhari" title="Tafsir al-Mazhari">Tafsir al-Mazhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izhar_ul-Haqq" title="Izhar ul-Haqq">Izhar ul-Haqq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muhannad_ala_al-Mufannad" title="Al-Muhannad ala al-Mufannad">Al-Muhannad ala al-Mufannad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hak_D%C4%ABni_Kur%27an_Dili" title="Hak Dīni Kur'an Dili">Hak Dīni Kur'an Dili</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCFF;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_international_conference_on_Sunni_Islam_in_Grozny" title="2016 international conference on Sunni Islam in Grozny">2016 international conference on Sunni Islam in Grozny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_International_Maturidi_Conference" title="2020 International Maturidi Conference">2020 International Maturidi Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Ra%27y" title="Ahl al-Ra'y">Ahl al-Ra'y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Kalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Tawhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gedimu" title="Gedimu">Gedimu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firangi_Mahal" title="Firangi Mahal">Firangi Mahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deobandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Deobandi">Deobandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barelvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Barelvi">Barelvi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Maturidi-related templates <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hanafi_scholars" title="Template:Hanafi scholars">Hanafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Ash%27ari" title="Template:Ash'ari">Ash'ari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Sufi" title="Template:Sufi">Sufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Islamic_theology" title="Template:Islamic theology">Islamic theology</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Islamic_theology48" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islamic_theology" title="Template:Islamic theology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islamic_theology" title="Template talk:Islamic theology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islamic_theology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islamic theology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Islamic_theology48" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology" title="Schools of Islamic theology">Islamic theology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="FieldsTheologiansBooks48" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Fields</li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muslim_theologians" title="List of Muslim theologians">Theologians</a></li><li>Books</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Aqidah" title="Aqidah">Aqidah</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">Eschatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_ethics" title="Islamic ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Kalam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_philosophy" title="Islamic philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%27Aql" title="'Aql">‘Aql</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Islam" title="Education in Islam">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logic_in_Islamic_philosophy" title="Logic in Islamic philosophy">Logic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_in_Islamic_philosophy" title="Peace in Islamic philosophy">Peace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Science_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Science in the medieval Islamic world">Science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomy_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmology_in_medieval_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmology in medieval Islam">Cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physics_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Physics in the medieval Islamic world">Physics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_cosmology" title="Sufi cosmology">Cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_metaphysics" title="Sufi metaphysics">Metaphysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_philosophy" title="Sufi philosophy">Philosophy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muslim_theologians" title="List of Muslim theologians">Theologians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ash%27arism" title="Ash'arism">Ash'arism</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Abu_Hasan_al-Ash%27ari" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari">al-Ash'ari</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bayhaqi" title="Al-Bayhaqi">Al-Bayhaqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baqillani" title="Al-Baqillani">Al-Baqillani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Juwayni" title="Al-Juwayni">Al-Juwayni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qushayri" title="Al-Qushayri">Al-Qushayri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shahrastani" title="Al-Shahrastani">Al-Shahrastani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazali" title="Al-Ghazali">Al-Ghazali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Taftazani" title="Al-Taftazani">Al-Taftazani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Maziri" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Maziri">Al-Maziri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Furak" title="Ibn Furak">Ibn Furak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abi_Zayd_al-Qayrawani" title="Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani">Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakariyya_al-Ansari" title="Zakariyya al-Ansari">Zakariyya al-Ansari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mansur_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi">Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ishaq_al-Isfara%27ini" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Ishaq al-Isfara'ini">Abu Ishaq al-Isfara'ini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Aqil" title="Ibn Aqil">Ibn Aqil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Tumart" title="Ibn Tumart">Ibn Tumart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qadir_Gilani" title="Abdul Qadir Gilani">Abdul Qadir Gilani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Walid_al-Baji" title="Abu al-Walid al-Baji">Abu al-Walid al-Baji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_ibn_al-Arabi" title="Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi">Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Jawzi" title="Ibn al-Jawzi">Ibn al-Jawzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qadi_Ayyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Qadi Ayyad">Qadi Ayyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Rifa%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad al-Rifa'i">Ahmad al-Rifa'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakhr_al-Din_al-Razi" title="Fakhr al-Din al-Razi">Fakhr al-Din al-Razi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayf_al-Din_al-Amidi" title="Sayf al-Din al-Amidi">Sayf al-Din al-Amidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izz_al-Din_ibn_%27Abd_al-Salam" title="Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam">Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqi_al-Din_al-Subki" title="Taqi al-Din al-Subki">Taqi al-Din al-Subki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihab_al-Din_al-Qarafi" title="Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi">Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hayyan_al-Gharnati" title="Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati">Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baydawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Baydawi">Al-Baydawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun">Ibn Khaldun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Arafa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Arafa">Ibn Arafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_al-Tha%27alibi" title="Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi">Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-Haytami" title="Ibn Hajar al-Haytami">Ibn Hajar al-Haytami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sha%27rani" title="Al-Sha'rani">Al-Sha'rani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalal_al-Din_al-Dawani" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalal al-Din al-Dawani">Jalal al-Din al-Dawani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Maqqari_al-Tilmisani" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Maqqari al-Tilmisani">Al-Maqqari al-Tilmisani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_al-Fasi" title="Abd al-Rahman al-Fasi">Abd al-Rahman al-Fasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Ashir" title="Ibn Ashir">Ibn Ashir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bah%C5%ABt%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Bahūtī">Al-Bahūtī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mayyara" title="Muhammad Mayyara">Muhammad Mayyara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ali_al-Hassan_al-Yusi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Ali al-Hassan al-Yusi">Abu Ali al-Hassan al-Yusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Illish" class="mw-redirect" title="'Illish">'Illish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Bajuri" title="Ibrahim al-Bajuri">Ibrahim al-Bajuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_ibn_Alawi_al-Haddad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad">Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Dardir" title="Ahmad al-Dardir">Ahmad al-Dardir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Arafa_al-Desouki" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki">Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Zayni_Dahlan" title="Ahmad Zayni Dahlan">Ahmad Zayni Dahlan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islam_scholars_diagram" title="Template:Islam scholars diagram">Early</a> <a href="/wiki/Sunni_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni schools">Sunni</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hanifa" title="Abu Hanifa">Abū Ḥanīfah al-Nu'mān ibn Thābit</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hanafi_school" title="Hanafi school">Hanafiyah</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_ibn_Anas" title="Malik ibn Anas">Malik ibn Anas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maliki_school" title="Maliki school">Maliki</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shafi%27i" title="Al-Shafi'i">Al-Shafi'i</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shafi%27i_school" title="Shafi'i school">Shafi‘i</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Maturidism" title="Maturidism">Maturidism</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Abu_Mansur_al-Maturidi" title="Abu Mansur al-Maturidi">Al-Maturidi</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_al-Samarqandi" title="Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi">Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sarakhsi" title="Al-Sarakhsi">Al-Sarakhsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bazdawi" title="Al-Bazdawi">Al-Bazdawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Yusr_al-Bazdawi" title="Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi">Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Mu%27in_al-Nasafi" title="Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi">Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ishaq_al-Saffar_al-Bukhari" title="Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari">Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Layth_al-Samarqandi" title="Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi">Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Ala%27_al-Din_al-Bukhari" title="'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari">'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sharif_al-Jurjani" title="Al-Sharif al-Jurjani">Al-Sharif al-Jurjani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akmal_al-Din_al-Babarti" title="Akmal al-Din al-Babarti">Akmal al-Din al-Babarti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_al-Din_al-Ghaznawi" title="Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi">Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_al-Din_al-Sabuni" title="Nur al-Din al-Sabuni">Nur al-Din al-Sabuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najm_al-Din_%27Umar_al-Nasafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Najm al-Din 'Umar al-Nasafi">Najm al-Din 'Umar al-Nasafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siraj_al-Din_al-Ushi" title="Siraj al-Din al-Ushi">Siraj al-Din al-Ushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Din_al-Samarqandi" title="Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi">Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khidr_Bey" title="Khidr Bey">Khidr Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kemal" title="Ibn Kemal">Ibn Kemal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Qushji" title="Ali Qushji">Ali Qushji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Qari" title="Ali al-Qari">Ali al-Qari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Ghani_al-Ghunaymi_al-Maydani" title="Abd al-Ghani al-Ghunaymi al-Maydani">Al-Maydani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Sirhindi" title="Ahmad Sirhindi">Ahmad Sirhindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Shah_Kashmiri" title="Anwar Shah Kashmiri">Anwar Shah Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Waliullah_Dehlawi" title="Shah Waliullah Dehlawi">Shah Waliullah Dehlawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Abdul_Aziz" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah Abdul Aziz">Shah Abdul Aziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_Ahmad_Saharanpuri" title="Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri">Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zakariya_Kandhlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi">Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahmatullah_Kairanawi" title="Rahmatullah Kairanawi">Rahmatullah Kairanawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murtada_al-Zabidi" title="Murtada al-Zabidi">Murtada al-Zabidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Ghani_al-Nabulsi" title="Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi">Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Abu_Zahra" title="Muhammad Abu Zahra">Muhammad Abu Zahra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanthapuram_A._P._Aboobacker_Musliyar" title="Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar">Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rumi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ta%27til" title="Ta'til">Mu'attila</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/al-Dscha%CA%BFd_ibn_Dirham" class="extiw" title="de:al-Dschaʿd ibn Dirham">Al-Ja'd ibn Dirham</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jabriyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabriyah">Mu'jbira</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahm_bin_Safwan" title="Jahm bin Safwan">Abū Muḥrīz Jahm ibn Ṣafwān ar-Rāsibī as-Samarqāndī at-Tirmidhī</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jahmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jahmi">Jahmīyya</a> <ul><li>Abū Abdirrahmān Bishr ibn Ghiyāth ibn Abī Karīma al-Marīsī al-Baghdādī</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tashbih" class="mw-redirect" title="Tashbih">Mu'jassimā</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muqatil_ibn_Sulayman" title="Muqatil ibn Sulayman">Abu’l-Hassan Muqātil ibn Sulaymān ibn Bashīr al-Azdī</a> al-<a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Balkh</a>ī (Muqātilīyya)</li> <li>Abū Muḥāmmad (Abū’l-Hākem) Heshām ibn Sālem al-Jawālikī al-<a href="/wiki/Juzjan" class="mw-redirect" title="Juzjan">Juzjan</a>ī al-<a href="/wiki/Kufa" title="Kufa">Kūf</a>ī <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphism" title="Anthropomorphism">Jawālikīyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_(endonym)" title="Rum (endonym)">Rum</a> <a href="/wiki/Abdal" title="Abdal">Abdals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Karram" title="Ibn Karram">Ibn Karram</a> (<a href="/wiki/Karramiyya" title="Karramiyya">Karramiyya</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Murji%27ah" title="Murji'ah">Murji'ah</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Abū Marwān Gaylān ibn Mūslīm ad-<a href="/wiki/Dimashq" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimashq">Dimashq</a>ī an-<a href="/wiki/Nabati" title="Nabati">Nabati</a> al-Qībtī (<a href="/wiki/Murji%27ah" title="Murji'ah">Murjī</a>-<a href="/wiki/Qadariyah" title="Qadariyah">Qadariyah</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mu%27tazila" class="mw-redirect" title="Mu'tazila">Mu'tazila</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Wasil_ibn_%27Ata%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Wasil ibn 'Ata'">Wasil ibn 'Ata'</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Nazzam" title="Ibrahim al-Nazzam">Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm ibn Sayyār ibn Hāni’ an-Nazzām</a> (Nazzāmīyya)</li> <li>Abū Bakr Abdurrahmān ibn Kaysān al-Asāmm</li> <li>Abū Mūsā Isā ibn Subeyh (Sabīh) al-Murdār al-Bāsrī (Murdārīyya)</li> <li>Hīshām ibn Amr al-Fuwātī ash-Shaybānī (Hīshāmīyya)</li> <li>Abū Sahl Abbād ibn Sulaimān (Salmān) as-Sāymarī</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jubba%27i" title="Al-Jubba'i">Abū Alī Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb ibn Sallām al-Jubbā'ī</a> (Jubbāīyya)</li> <li>Abū’l-Hūsayn Abdūrrāhīm ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Uthmān al-Hayyāt (Hayyātīyya)</li> <li>Ja'far ibn Harb</li> <li>Ja'far ibn Mūbassīr</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jahiz" title="Al-Jahiz">Abū Uthmān Amr ibn Bhār ibn Māhbūb al-Jāhiz al-Kinānī</a> (Jāhizīyya)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Jabbar_ibn_Ahmad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd al-Jabbar ibn Ahmad">Al-Qadi 'Abd al-Jabbar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Husayn_al-Basri" title="Abu al-Husayn al-Basri">Abu al-Husayn al-Basri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zamakhshari" title="Al-Zamakhshari">Al-Zamakhshari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amr_ibn_Ubayd" title="Amr ibn Ubayd">Amr ibn Ubayd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abi%27l-Hadid" title="Ibn Abi'l-Hadid">Ibn Abi'l-Hadid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahib_ibn_Abbad" title="Sahib ibn Abbad">Sahib ibn Abbad</a></li> <li>Abū Amr Ḍirār ibn Amr al-Gatafānī al-Kūfī (Ḍirārīyya)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neccariyye" class="extiw" title="tr:Neccariyye">Najjārīyya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Abū ʿAbdillāh al-Husayn ibn Muḥāmmad ibn ʿAbdillāh an-Najjār ar-Rāzī <ul><li>Abū Amr (Abū Yahyā) Hāfs al-Fard</li> <li>Muḥāmmad ibn ʿĪsā (Burgūsīyya)</li> <li>Abū ʿAbdallāh Ibnū’z-Zā‘farānī (Zā‘farānīyya)</li> <li>Mustadrakīyya</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafi Theologians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Taymiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Taymiyyah">Ibn Taymiyyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibnul_Qayyim" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibnul Qayyim">Ibnul Qayyim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Abd_al-Wahhab" title="Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab">Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shawkani" title="Al-Shawkani">Al-Shawkani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Rida" title="Rashid Rida">Rashid Rida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Baz" title="Ibn Baz">Ibn Baz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Uthaymin" title="Al-Uthaymin">Al-Uthaymin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muqbil_bin_Hadi_al-Wadi%27i" title="Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i">Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Albani" title="Al-Albani">Al-Albani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleh_Al-Fawzan" title="Saleh Al-Fawzan">Saleh Al-Fawzan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabee_al-Madkhali" title="Rabee al-Madkhali">Rabee al-Madkhali</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madkhalism" title="Madkhalism">Madkhalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Nazeer_Husain" title="Syed Nazeer Husain">Syed Nazeer Husain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahl-i_Hadith" title="Ahl-i Hadith">Ahl-i Hadith</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddiq_Hasan_Khan" title="Siddiq Hasan Khan">Siddiq Hasan Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zubair_Ali_Zai" title="Zubair Ali Zai">Zubair Ali Zai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safar_Al-Hawali" class="mw-redirect" title="Safar Al-Hawali">Safar Al-Hawali</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sahwa_movement" title="Sahwa movement">Sahwa movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salman_al-Ouda" title="Salman al-Ouda">Salman al-Ouda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_Jihadism" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafi Jihadism">Salafi Jihadism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Umar_al-Hazimi" title="Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi">Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hazimism" title="Hazimism">Hazimism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasir_Qadhi" title="Yasir Qadhi">Yasir Qadhi</a> <ul><li>Post-Salafism</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Twelver_Shi%27ism" title="Twelver Shi'ism">Twelver Shi'ism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Imams" title="Twelve Imams">Twelve Imams</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali">Hasan ibn Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Husayn ibn Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Sajjad" title="Ali al-Sajjad">Ali al-Sajjad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Baqir" title="Muhammad al-Baqir">Muhammad al-Baqir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja%27far_al-Sadiq" title="Ja'far al-Sadiq">Ja'far al-Sadiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa_al-Kazim" title="Musa al-Kazim">Musa al-Kazim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Rida" title="Ali al-Rida">Ali al-Rida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Jawad" title="Muhammad al-Jawad">Muhammad al-Jawad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Hadi" title="Ali al-Hadi">Ali al-Hadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_al-Askari" title="Hasan al-Askari">Hasan al-Askari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Mahdi" title="Muhammad al-Mahdi">Muhammad al-Mahdi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shaykh_Al-Mufid" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid">Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharif_al-Murtaza" title="Sharif al-Murtaza">Sharif al-Murtaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaykh_Tusi" title="Shaykh Tusi">Shaykh Tusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_al-Din_al-Tusi" title="Nasir al-Din al-Tusi">Nasir al-Din al-Tusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allamah_Al-Hilli" class="mw-redirect" title="Allamah Al-Hilli">Allamah Al-Hilli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad-Baqer_Majlesi" title="Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi">Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurarah_ibn_A%27yan" title="Zurarah ibn A'yan">Zurarah ibn A'yan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisham_ibn_Hakam" class="mw-redirect" title="Hisham ibn Hakam">Hisham ibn Hakam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agha_Zia_ol_Din_Araghi" title="Agha Zia ol Din Araghi">Agha Zia ol Din Araghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja%27far_Sobhani" title="Ja'far Sobhani">Ja'far Sobhani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ruhollah Khomeini</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilayat_al-faqih" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayat al-faqih">Wilayat al-faqih</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Isma'ili Shi'ism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qadi_al-Nu%27man" title="Al-Qadi al-Nu'man">Al-Qadi al-Nu'man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yaqub_al-Sijistani" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani">Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamid_al-Din_al-Kirmani" title="Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani">Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27ayyad_fi%27l-Din_al-Shirazi" title="Al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi">Al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Ibrahim_al-Naysaburi" title="Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi">Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Fawaris_Ahmad_ibn_Ya%27qub" title="Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ya'qub">Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ya'qub</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tayyibi_Isma%27ilism" title="Tayyibi Isma'ilism">Tayyibi Ismā'īlī doctrine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhu%27ayb_ibn_Musa" title="Dhu'ayb ibn Musa">Dhu'ayb ibn Musa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Ala_Dhikrihi%27s_Salam" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassan Ala Dhikrihi's Salam">Hassan Ala Dhikrihi's Salam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idris_Imad_al-Din" title="Idris Imad al-Din">Idris Imad al-Din</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Muhammad_ibn_al-Walid" title="Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid">Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Zaydism" title="Zaydism">Zaydi Shi'ism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Jarud_al-Hamdani" title="Abu'l-Jarud al-Hamdani">Abu'l-Jarud al-Hamdani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Isa_ibn_Zayd" title="Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd">Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qasim_al-Rassi" title="Al-Qasim al-Rassi">Al-Qasim al-Rassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hadi_ila%27l-Haqq_Yahya" title="Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya">Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur_al-Qasim" title="Al-Mansur al-Qasim">Al-Mansur al-Qasim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sunni_books" title="List of Sunni books">Sunni books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Asas_al-Taqdis" title="Asas al-Taqdis">Asas al-Taqdis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Baz_al-Ashhab" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Baz al-Ashhab">Al-Baz al-Ashhab</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Farq_bayn_al-Firaq" title="Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq">Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Milal_wa_al-Nihal" title="Al-Milal wa al-Nihal">Al-Milal wa al-Nihal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Guide_to_Conclusive_Proofs_for_the_Principles_of_Belief" title="A Guide to Conclusive Proofs for the Principles of Belief">Al-Irshad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqidah_al-Tahawiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Aqidah al-Tahawiyyah">Al-Aqidah al-Tahawiyyah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Sawad_al-A%27zam" title="Al-Sawad al-A'zam">Al-Sawad al-A'zam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kitab_al-Tawhid_(Al-Maturidi)" title="Kitab al-Tawhid (Al-Maturidi)">Kitab al-Tawhid</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tabsirat_al-Adilla" title="Tabsirat al-Adilla">Tabsirat al-Adilla</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Masnavi" title="Masnavi">Masnavi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fihi_Ma_Fihi" title="Fihi Ma Fihi">Fihi Ma Fihi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Divan-i_Shams-i_Tabrizi" title="Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi">Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Moderation_in_Belief" title="The Moderation in Belief">The Moderation in Belief</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Shia_books" title="List of Shia books">Shia books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/E%CA%BFteq%C4%81d%C4%81tal-Em%C4%81m%C4%ABya" title="Eʿteqādātal-Emāmīya">Eʿteqādātal-Emāmīya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Amali_(of_Shaykh_Saduq)" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Amali (of Shaykh Saduq)">Al-Amali</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Khisal" title="Al-Khisal">Al-Khisal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Awail_Al_Maqalat" title="Awail Al Maqalat">Awail Al Maqalat</a></i></li> <li><i>Tashih al-I'tiqad</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tajrid_al-I%27tiqad" title="Tajrid al-I'tiqad">Tajrid al-I'tiqad</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.77em;font-weight:normal;">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_the_Brethren_of_Purity" title="Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity">Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kitab_al-Majmu" title="Kitab al-Majmu">Kitab al-Majmu</a> of <a href="/wiki/Alawis" class="mw-redirect" title="Alawis">Alawis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Malf%C5%ABz%C4%81t" title="Malfūzāt">Malfūzāt</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-kitab_(Shi%27i_book)" title="Umm al-kitab (Shi'i book)">Umm al-kitab</a> of <a href="/wiki/Musta%27li_Isma%27ilism" class="mw-redirect" title="Musta'li Isma'ilism">Musta'li Isma'ilism</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Islam_scholars_diagram" title="Template:Islam scholars diagram">Early Muslim scholars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_contemporary_Muslim_scholars_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="List of contemporary Muslim scholars of Islam">List of contemporary Muslim scholars of Islam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Islamic_schools_and_branches48" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_schools_and_branches" title="Islamic schools and branches">Islamic schools and branches</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Hadith" title="Ahl al-Hadith">Ahl al-Hadith</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Atharism" title="Atharism">Atharism</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Kullabiyya <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kullab" title="Ibn Kullab">Ibn Kullab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanbali_school" title="Hanbali school">Hanbalis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Hanbal" title="Ahmad ibn Hanbal">Ahmad ibn Hanbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qadi_Abu_Ya%27la" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Qadi Abu Ya'la">Al-Qadi Abu Ya'la</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwaja_Abdullah_Ansari" class="mw-redirect" title="Khwaja Abdullah Ansari">Khwaja Abdullah Ansari</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahiri_school" title="Zahiri school">Zahiris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dawud_al-Zahiri" title="Dawud al-Zahiri">Dawud al-Zahiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahl-i_Hadith" title="Ahl-i Hadith">Ahl-i Hadith</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Nazeer_Husain" title="Syed Nazeer Husain">Syed Nazeer Husain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Siddiq_Hasan_Khan" title="Siddiq Hasan Khan">Siddiq Hasan Khan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Abd_al-Wahhab" title="Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab">Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Baz" title="Ibn Baz">Ibn Baz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Uthaymin" title="Al-Uthaymin">Al-Uthaymin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Albani" title="Al-Albani">Al-Albani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement#Political_trends_within_Salafism" title="Salafi movement">Other Salafi trends</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_jihadism" title="Salafi jihadism">Jihadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madkhalism" title="Madkhalism">Madkhalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahwa_movement" title="Sahwa movement">Sahwa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_Modernism" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafi Modernism">Salafi Modernism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Dawud_al-Zahiri" title="Muhammad bin Dawud al-Zahiri">Muhammad bin Dawud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maqrizi" class="mw-redirect" title="Maqrizi">Maqrizi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ahl_ar-Ra%27y" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahl ar-Ra'y">Ahl ar-Ra'y</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Ilm_al-Kalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilm al-Kalam">Ilm al-Kalam</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash%27arism" title="Ash'arism">Ash'arism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maliki_school" title="Maliki school">Malikis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shafi%27i_school" title="Shafi'i school">Shafi'is</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_al-Harari" title="Abdullah al-Harari">Abdullah al-Harari</a> – <a href="/wiki/Al-Ahbash" title="Al-Ahbash">Al-Ahbash</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maturidism" title="Maturidism">Maturidism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanafi_school" title="Hanafi school">Hanafis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fazl-e-Haq_Khairabadi" title="Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi">Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Raza_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed Raza Khan">Ahmed Raza Khan</a> – <a href="/wiki/Barelvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Barelvi">Barelvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Qasim_Nanautavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi">Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rashid_Ahmad_Gangohi" title="Rashid Ahmad Gangohi">Rashid Ahmad Gangohi</a> – <a href="/wiki/Deobandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Deobandi">Deobandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necmettin_Erbakan" title="Necmettin Erbakan">Necmettin Erbakan</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mill%C3%AE_G%C3%B6r%C3%BC%C5%9F" title="Millî Görüş">Millî Görüş</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Zaydism11" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Zaydism" title="Zaydism">Zaydism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Ali" title="Zayd ibn Ali">Zayd ibn Ali</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jarudiyya" title="Jarudiyya">Jarudiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batriyya" title="Batriyya">Batriyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Zaydi_doctrine" title="Imamate in Zaydi doctrine">Imamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alid_dynasties_of_northern_Iran" title="Alid dynasties of northern Iran">Alid dynasties of northern Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_al-Utrush" title="Hasan al-Utrush">Hasan al-Utrush</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_ibn_Umar" title="Yahya ibn Umar">Yahya ibn Umar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imams_of_Yemen" title="Imams of Yemen">Imams of Yemen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extinct_Shia_sects#Zaydi_Shia_sects" title="List of extinct Shia sects">Extinct Zaydi Shi'a sects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dukayniyya_Shia" title="Dukayniyya Shia">Dukayniyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalafiyya_Shia" title="Khalafiyya Shia">Khalafiyya</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Imamah_(Shi%27a_doctrine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Imamah (Shi'a doctrine)">Imami</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdiist</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Shi%27ite" class="mw-redirect" title="Shi'ite">Shi'ite</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sects_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Sects in Islam">Sects in</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Twelver_doctrine" title="Imamate in Twelver doctrine">Imami</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Twelver_Shi%27ism" title="Twelver Shi'ism">Twelver</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theology_of_Twelvers" class="mw-redirect" title="Theology of Twelvers">Theology of Twelvers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ja%27fari_school" title="Ja'fari school">Ja'fari</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhbari" title="Akhbari">Akhbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usulism" title="Usulism">Usuli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaykhism" title="Shaykhism">Shaykhism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qizilbash" title="Qizilbash">Qizilbash</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Haydar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheikh Haydar">Sheikh Haydar</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shah_Ismail" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah Ismail">Shah Ismail</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pir_Sultan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pir Sultan">Pir Sultan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kul_Nes%C3%AEm%C3%AE" title="Kul Nesîmî">Kul Nesîmî</a> – <a href="/wiki/Safavid_conversion_of_Iran_to_Shia_Islam" title="Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam">Safavid Islam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulat" title="Ghulat">Ghulat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kha%E1%B9%A3%C4%ABb%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Khaṣībī">al-Khaṣībī</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Nusayr" title="Ibn Nusayr">ibn Nusayr</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alawites" title="Alawites">Alawites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazlallah_Astarabadi" title="Fazlallah Astarabadi">Astarabadi (Naimi)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Imadaddin_Nasimi" title="Imadaddin Nasimi">Imadaddin Nasimi</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hurufism" title="Hurufism">Hurufism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bektashism_and_folk_religion" title="Bektashism and folk religion">Bektashism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology#Baktāshism_(Bektaşilik)" title="Schools of Islamic theology">Baktāshism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demir_Baba_Teke" title="Demir Baba Teke">Demir Bābā</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alians" title="Alians">Alians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Rexheb" title="Baba Rexheb">Bābā Rexheb</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arabati_Baba_Te%E1%B8%B1e" title="Arabati Baba Teḱe">Hārābātīs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Ismaili_doctrine" title="Imamate in Ismaili doctrine">Imami</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Isma'ilism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fathite" class="mw-redirect" title="Fathite">Fathite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_al-Aftah" title="Abdallah al-Aftah">Abdallah al-Aftah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batiniyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Batiniyyah">Batiniyyah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamdan_Qarmat" title="Hamdan Qarmat">Hamdan Qarmat</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sevener" title="Sevener">Sevener</a> <a href="/wiki/Qarmatians" title="Qarmatians">Qarmatians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamza_ibn_Ali" title="Hamza ibn Ali">Hamza</a> / <a href="/wiki/Baha_al-Din_al-Muqtana" title="Baha al-Din al-Muqtana">Baha al-Din al-Muqtana</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ad-Darazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ad-Darazi">ad-Darazi</a> – <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druzes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_dynasty" title="Fatimid dynasty">Fatimids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musta%27li_Isma%27ilism" class="mw-redirect" title="Musta'li Isma'ilism">Musta'li</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tayyibi_Isma%27ilism" title="Tayyibi Isma'ilism">Tayyibi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alavi_Bohras" title="Alavi Bohras">Alavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawoodi_Bohra" title="Dawoodi Bohra">Dawoodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulaymani_Bohra" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulaymani Bohra">Sulaymani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafizi_Isma%27ilism" title="Hafizi Isma'ilism">Hafizi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_Khusraw_al-Qubadiani" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasir Khusraw al-Qubadiani">Nasir Khusraw al-Qubadiani</a> – <a href="/wiki/Badakhshan" title="Badakhshan">Badakhshan</a> <a href="/wiki/Pamiris#Religion" title="Pamiris">Alevism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Nizari_doctrine" title="Imamate in Nizari doctrine">Nizari</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hassan-i_Sabbah" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassan-i Sabbah">Hassan-i Sabbah</a> – <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Assassins" title="Order of Assassins">Assassins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan" title="Aga Khan">Aga Khans</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nizaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizaris">Nizaris</a> / <a href="/wiki/Khojas" class="mw-redirect" title="Khojas">Khojas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_Sadardin" title="Pir Sadardin">Pir Sadardin</a> – <a href="/wiki/Satpanth" title="Satpanth">Satpanth</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Kaysanites_Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaysanites Shia">Kaysanites<br />Shia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mukhtar_al-Thaqafi" title="Mukhtar al-Thaqafi">Mukhtār</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Amra_Kaysan" title="Abu Amra Kaysan">Abū ʿAmra Kaysān</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_ibn_Muhammad_ibn_al-Hanafiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah">Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hashimiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Hashimiyya">Hashimiyya</a> <ul><li>Hārbīyya <ul><li>ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Hārb ibn al-Kindi</li> <li>Janāhiyya <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_ibn_Mu%27awiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya">Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya</a></li> <li>Hārithīyya</li></ul></li> <li>Riyāhīyya</li></ul></li> <li>Sam‘ānīyya <ul><li>Bayān ibn Sam‘ān</li></ul></li> <li>Rezāmīyya <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muslim" title="Abu Muslim">Abu Muslim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunpadh" title="Sunpadh">Sunpadh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%E1%B8%A5ammirah" class="mw-redirect" title="Muḥammirah">Muḥammirah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khurramites" title="Khurramites">Khurramites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babak_Khorramdin" title="Babak Khorramdin">Babak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazyar" title="Mazyar">Mazyar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muqanna" title="Al-Muqanna">al-Muqanna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishaq_al-Turk" title="Ishaq al-Turk">Ishaq al-Turk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khashabiyya_Shia" title="Khashabiyya Shia">Khashabiyya Shia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;">Other <a href="/wiki/Mahdiist" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahdiist">Mahdiists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/An-Nafs_Az-Zakiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="An-Nafs Az-Zakiyyah">An-Nafs Az-Zakiyyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurufiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurufiyya">Hurufiyya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Pasikhani" title="Mahmoud Pasikhani">Maḥmūd Pasīkhānī</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nuktawiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuktawiyya">Nuktawiyya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shayki" class="mw-redirect" title="Shayki">Shayki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuqta-yi_Ula" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuqta-yi Ula">Nuqta-yi Ula</a> – <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1bis#Antecedents" class="mw-redirect" title="Bábis">Bábīyya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawussite_Shia" title="Tawussite Shia">Tawussite Shia</a> <ul><li>ʿAjlan ibn Nawus</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waqifite_Shia" title="Waqifite Shia">Waqifite Shia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muhakkima" title="Muhakkima">Muhakkima</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Siffin#Arbitration" title="Battle of Siffin">Arbitration</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Kharijites" title="Kharijites">Kharijites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ajardi <ul><li>Abd al-Karīm ibn Adjrād</li> <li>Maymunīyyah</li> <li>Sa'labīyyah</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azariqa" title="Azariqa">Azariqa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nafi_ibn_al-Azraq" title="Nafi ibn al-Azraq">Nafi ibn al-Azraq al-Hānafī al-Handhalī</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bayhasīyyah <ul><li>Abu Bayhas al-Hāytham ibn Jābir</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najdat" title="Najdat">Najdat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Najdah_ibn_%27Amir" class="mw-redirect" title="Najdah ibn 'Amir">Najdah ibn 'Amir al-Hānafī</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufri" title="Sufri">Sufri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Qurra" title="Abu Qurra">Abu Qurra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yazid" title="Abu Yazid">Abū Yazīd Mukhallad ibn Kayrād</a> al-<a href="/wiki/Nukkari" title="Nukkari">Nukkari</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ibadi_Islam" title="Ibadi Islam">Ibadism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_ibn_Ibad" title="Abdallah ibn Ibad">'Abdullāh ibn Ibāḍ al-Tamimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C4%81bir_ibn_Zayd" class="mw-redirect" title="Jābir ibn Zayd">Jābir ibn Zayd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakkariyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakkariyyah">Abu Qudama Yazid ibn Fandin</a> al-<a href="/wiki/Banu_Ifran" title="Banu Ifran">Ifrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_ibn_Wahb_al-Rasibi" title="Abd Allah ibn Wahb al-Rasibi">Abd Allah ibn Wahb al-Rasibi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibadi#Wahbi_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibadi">Wahbiyyah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azzabas" title="Azzabas">Azzabas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Murji%27ah" title="Murji'ah">Murji'ah</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Muhammad_ibn_al-Hanafiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah">Hasan ibn<br />Muḥāmmad</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_al-Hanafiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah">ibn al-<br />Hanafiyyah</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Karramiyya" title="Karramiyya">Karrāmīyya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Abū ʿAbdillāh Muḥāmmad ibn Karrām ibn Arrāk ibn Huzāba ibn al-Barā’ as-Sijjī <ul><li>ʿĀbidīyya (ʿUthmān al-ʿĀbid)</li> <li>Dhīmmīyya</li> <li>Hakāiqīyya</li> <li>Haisamīyya (Abū ʿAbdallāh Muhammad ibn al-Haisam)</li> <li>Hīdīyya (Hīd ibn Saif)</li> <li>Ishāqīyya (Abū Yaʿqūb Ishāq ibn Mahmashādh)</li> <li>Maʿīyya</li> <li>Muhājirīyya (Ibrāhīm ibn Muhājir)</li> <li>Nūnīyya</li> <li>Razīnīyya</li> <li>Sauwāqīyya</li> <li>Sūramīyya</li> <li>Tarā'ifīyya (Ahmad ibn ʿAbdūs at-Tarā'ifī)</li> <li>Tūnīyya (Abū Bakr ibn ʿAbdallāh)</li> <li>Wāhidīyya</li> <li>Zarībīyya</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;">Other sects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Gaylānīyya <ul><li>Gaylān ibn Marwān</li></ul></li> <li>Yūnusīyya <ul><li>Yūnus ibn Awn an-Namīrī</li></ul></li> <li>Gassānīyya <ul><li>Gassān al-Kūfī</li></ul></li> <li>Tūmanīyya <ul><li>Abū Muāz at-Tūmanī</li></ul></li> <li>Sawbānīyya <ul><li>Abū Sawbān al-Murjī</li></ul></li> <li>Sālehīyya <ul><li>Sāleh ibn Umar</li></ul></li> <li>Shamrīyya <ul><li>Abū Shamr</li></ul></li> <li>Ubaydīyya <ul><li>Ubayd al-Mūktaib</li></ul></li> <li>Ziyādīyya <ul><li>Muhammad ibn Ziyād al-Kūfī</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;">Other Murjīs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Harith_ibn_Surayj" title="Al-Harith ibn Surayj">Al-Harith ibn Surayj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27id_ibn_Jubayr" title="Sa'id ibn Jubayr">Sa'id ibn Jubayr</a></li> <li>Hammād ibn Abū Sūlaimān</li> <li>Muhārīb ibn Dithār</li> <li>Sābit Kutna</li> <li>Awn ibn Abdullāh</li> <li>Mūsā ibn Abū Kasīr</li> <li>Umar ibn Zar</li> <li>Salm ibn Sālem</li> <li>Hālaf ibn Ayyūb</li> <li>Ibrāhim ibn Yousūf</li> <li>Nusayr ibn Yahyā</li> <li>Ahmad ibn Hārb</li> <li>Amr ibn Murrah</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology#Tashbih" title="Schools of Islamic theology">Mu'shabbiha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Euhemerism" title="Euhemerism">Tamsīl</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Jawārībīyya <ul><li>Dāwūd al-Jawāribî</li></ul></li> <li>Hāshwīyya</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tashbih" class="mw-redirect" title="Tashbih">Hulmānīyya</a> <ul><li>Abū Hulmān al-<a href="/wiki/Fars_province" title="Fars province">Fāris</a>ī ad-<a href="/wiki/Dimashq" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimashq">Dimashq</a>ī</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalandars" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalandars">Kalandars</a></li> <li><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barak_Baba" class="extiw" title="tr:Barak Baba">Bārāq Bābā</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology#Anthropopathy_in_the_history_of_Ghulāt_Shīʿīsm" title="Schools of Islamic theology">Tajsīm</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khattabiyya" title="Khattabiyya">Khaṭṭābiyya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Khattab" title="Abu al-Khattab">Abu al-Khattab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazighiyya_Shia" title="Bazighiyya Shia">Bāzīghiyya</a> <ul><li>Bāzīgh ibn Mūsā</li></ul></li> <li>Muʿāmmarīyya <ul><li>Muʿāmmar ibn Ahmar</li></ul></li> <li>ʿIjlīyya/Umayrīyya <ul><li>Umayr ibn Bayān al-ʿIjlī</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mufaddaliyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Mufaddaliyya">Mufaḍḍaliyya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mufaddal_ibn_Umar_al-Ju%27fi" title="Al-Mufaddal ibn Umar al-Ju'fi">al-Mufaddal ibn Umar al-Ju'fi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghurabiya" title="Ghurabiya">Ghurābīyya</a></li> <li>Mānsūrīyya <ul><li>Abū Mānsūr al-ʿIjlī</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extinct_Shia_sects#Ghulat_sects" title="List of extinct Shia sects">Mughīrīyya</a> <ul><li>Abū Abdillāh Mugīre ibn Sāīd al-ʿIjlī el-Bajalī</li></ul></li> <li>Mukhāmmīsa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namiriya" class="mw-redirect" title="Namiriya">Namiriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhammiyya_Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhammiyya Shia">‘Ulyanīyya/'Alyaīyya</a></li> <li>Saba'īyya <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_ibn_Saba%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdullah ibn Saba'">Abdullah ibn Saba'</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qadariyah" title="Qadariyah">Qadariyah</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/Ma%27bad_al-Juhani" title="Ma'bad al-Juhani">Ma'bad<br />al-Juhani</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Alevism" title="Alevism">Alevism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qutb_ad-D%C4%ABn_Haydar" title="Qutb ad-Dīn Haydar">Qutb ad-Dīn Haydar</a> – <a href="/wiki/Malamatiyya" title="Malamatiyya">Malamatiyya</a> / <a href="/wiki/Qalandariyya" title="Qalandariyya">Qalandariyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Ishak" title="Baba Ishak">Baba Ishak</a> – <a href="/wiki/Babai_revolt" title="Babai revolt">Babai revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal%C4%B1m_Sultan" title="Balım Sultan">Balım Sultan</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bektashi_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Bektashi Order">Bektashi Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galip_Hassan_Kuscuoglu" title="Galip Hassan Kuscuoglu">Galip Hassan Kuscuoglu</a> – <a href="/wiki/Galibi_Order" title="Galibi Order">Galibi Order</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mu%CA%BFtazila" class="mw-redirect" title="Muʿtazila">Muʿtazila</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Rationalism" title="Rationalism">Rationalism</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Mā’marīyya <ul><li>Abū Amr (Abū Mu‘tamīr) Muāmmar ibn Abbād as-Sūlamī</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishriyya" title="Bishriyya">Bishriyya</a> <ul><li>Abū Sahl Bīshr ibn al-Mu‘tamīr al-Hilālī al-Baghdādī</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Abi_Du%27ad" title="Ahmad ibn Abi Du'ad">Abū Abdi’l-Lāh Ahmad ibn Abī Du'ad Faraj ibn Carīr ibn Mâlik al-Iyādī</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahshamiyya" title="Bahshamiyya">Bahshamiyya</a> <ul><li>Abū Hāshīm Abdu’s-Salām ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb al-Jubbā'ī</li></ul></li> <li>Huzaylīyya <ul><li>Abū’l-Huzayl Muḥāmmad ibn al-Huzayl ibn Abdillāh al-Allāf al-Abdī al-Bāsrī <ul><li>Abū Ma‘n Sūmāma ibn Ashras an-Nūmayrī al-Bāsrī al-Baghdādī</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Ikhshīdiyya</li> <li>Nazzāmīyya <ul><li>Ali al-Aswarī</li> <li>Abū Bakr Muḥāmmad ibn Abdillāh ibn Shabīb al-Basrī</li> <li>Hābītīyya <ul><li>Ahmad ibn Hābīt</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Sumamīyya <ul><li>Sumāma ibn Ashras</li></ul></li> <li>Kā‘bīyya <ul><li>Abū’l-Kāsīm Abdullāh ibn Ahmad ibn Māhmūd al-Balhī al-Kā‘bī</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Quranism" title="Quranism">Quranism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quranism" title="Quranism">Ahle Qur'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kala_Kato" title="Kala Kato">Kala Kato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolu-e-Islam_(organization)" title="Tolu-e-Islam (organization)">Tolu-e-Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal" title="Muhammad Iqbal">Muhammad Iqbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Ahmed_Pervez" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghulam Ahmed Pervez">Ghulam Ahmed Pervez</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Submitters_International" class="mw-redirect" title="United Submitters International">United Submitters International</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rashad_Khalifa" title="Rashad Khalifa">Rashad Khalifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edip_Y%C3%BCksel" title="Edip Yüksel">Edip Yüksel</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent<br /><a href="/wiki/Muslim_beliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim beliefs">Muslim<br />beliefs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Messianism#Islam" title="Messianism">Messianism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad_bibliography" title="Mirza Ghulam Ahmad bibliography">Mirza Ghulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qadiani" title="Qadiani">Qadiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Ahmadiyya_Movement_for_the_Propagation_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement for the Propagation of Islam">Lahori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabbalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabbalist">Kabbalist</a> <a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6nmes" class="mw-redirect" title="Dönmes">Dönmes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabbatai_Zevi" title="Sabbatai Zevi">Sabbatai Zevi</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sabbatean" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabbatean">Sabbatean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahdavia">Mahdavīyya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Jaunpuri" title="Muhammad Jaunpuri">Muhammad Jaunpuri</a> / <a href="/wiki/Syed_Khundmir" title="Syed Khundmir">Bandagi Mian Syed Khundmir</a> – <a href="/wiki/Zikris" class="mw-redirect" title="Zikris">Zikris</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Fard_Muhammad" title="Wallace Fard Muhammad">Wallace Fard Muhammad</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Beliefs_and_theology_of_the_Nation_of_Islam" title="Beliefs and theology of the Nation of Islam">doctrine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Nur movement">Nur movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Said_Nurs%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Said Nursî">Said Nursî</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fethullah_G%C3%BClen" title="Fethullah Gülen">Fethullah Gülen</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hizmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hizmet">Hizmet</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Modernism" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Modernism">Modernism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_Salafism" class="mw-redirect" title="Modernist Salafism">Modernist Salafism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Abduh" title="Muhammad Abduh">Muhammad Abduh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Asad" title="Muhammad Asad">Muhammad Asad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_ad-Din_al-Afghani" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani">Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Rida" title="Rashid Rida">Rashid Rida</a></li> <li>Other <a href="/wiki/Islamic_modernist" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic modernist">Islamic modernists</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ta%E1%B9%A3awwuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Taṣawwuf">Taṣawwuf</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tariqah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tariqah">Tariqah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Raza_Khan_Barelvi" title="Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi">Ahmed Raza Khan</a> – <a href="/wiki/Barelvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Barelvi">Barelvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Hilmi_Tunahan" title="Süleyman Hilmi Tunahan">Hilmi Tunahan</a> – <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleymanc%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Süleymancı">Süleymancı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Rifa%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad al-Rifa'i">Ahmad al-Rifa'i</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rifa%60i" class="mw-redirect" title="Rifa`i">Rifa`i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sufi_orders" title="List of Sufi orders">Other orders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawassul" title="Tawassul">Tawassul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.65em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Muslim_beliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim beliefs">Other beliefs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sadaqah" title="Sadaqah">Sadaqah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunnah" title="Sunnah">Sunnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqwa" title="Taqwa">Taqwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawakkul" title="Tawakkul">Tawakkul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tewafuq" title="Tewafuq">Tewafuq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thawab" title="Thawab">Thawab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Other scholars of <a href="/wiki/Sunni_schools_of_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni schools of jurisprudence">Sunni schools of jurisprudence</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hanafi_scholars" title="Template:Hanafi scholars">Hanafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hanbali_scholars" title="Template:Hanbali scholars">Hanbali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Maliki_scholars" title="Template:Maliki scholars">Maliki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Shafi%27i_scholars" title="Template:Shafi'i scholars">Shafi'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Zahiri_scholars" title="Template:Zahiri scholars">Zahiri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jurisprudence" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jurisprudence"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jurisprudence774" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jurisprudence" title="Jurisprudence">Jurisprudence</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_philosophy_of_law_articles" title="Index of philosophy of law articles">Index</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Legal_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal theory">Legal theory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutionalism" title="Constitutionalism">Constitutionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_legal_studies" title="Critical legal studies">Critical legal studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_law" title="Comparative law">Comparative law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_and_economics" title="Law and economics">Economic analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_norms" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal norms">Legal norms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_legal_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="International legal theory">International legal theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_history" title="Legal history">Legal history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophy of law">Philosophy of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_law" title="Sociology of law">Sociology of law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophers_of_law" title="Category:Philosophers of law">Philosophers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Alexy" title="Robert Alexy">Alexy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Austin_(legal_philosopher)" title="John Austin (legal philosopher)">Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bastiat" title="Frédéric Bastiat">Bastiat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesare_Beccaria" title="Cesare Beccaria">Beccaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham" title="Jeremy Bentham">Bentham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Blackstone" title="William Blackstone">Blackstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norberto_Bobbio" title="Norberto Bobbio">Bobbio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bork" title="Robert Bork">Bork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartosz_Bro%C5%BCek" title="Bartosz Brożek">Brożek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_N._Cardozo" title="Benjamin N. Cardozo">Cardozo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Durkheim" title="Émile Durkheim">Durkheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Dworkin" title="Ronald Dworkin">Dworkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_Ehrlich" title="Eugen Ehrlich">Ehrlich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Finnis" title="John Finnis">Finnis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lon_L._Fuller" title="Lon L. Fuller">Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Grotius" title="Hugo Grotius">Grotius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Gurvitch" title="Georges Gurvitch">Gurvitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas" title="Jürgen Habermas">Habermas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Ludwig_von_Haller" title="Karl Ludwig von Haller">Haller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Fei" title="Han Fei">Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._L._A._Hart" title="H. L. A. Hart">Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes">Hobbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axel_H%C3%A4gerstr%C3%B6m" title="Axel Hägerström">Hägerström</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Jellinek" title="Georg Jellinek">Jellinek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_von_Jhering" title="Rudolf von Jhering">Jhering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Kant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Kelsen" title="Hans Kelsen">Kelsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Leoni" title="Bruno Leoni">Leoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Llewellyn" title="Karl Llewellyn">Llewellyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niklas_Luhmann" title="Niklas Luhmann">Luhmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">Maistre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu">Montesquieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_M%C3%BCller" title="Adam Müller">Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Nussbaum" title="Martha Nussbaum">Nussbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Olivecrona" title="Karl Olivecrona">Olivecrona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evgeny_Pashukanis" title="Evgeny Pashukanis">Pashukanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman" title="Chaïm Perelman">Perelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Petra%C5%BCycki" title="Leon Petrażycki">Petrażycki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Posner" title="Richard Posner">Posner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscoe_Pound" title="Roscoe Pound">Pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_von_Pufendorf" title="Samuel von Pufendorf">Pufendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Radbruch" title="Gustav Radbruch">Radbruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rawls" title="John Rawls">Rawls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Raz" title="Joseph Raz">Raz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Reinach" title="Adolf Reinach">Reinach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Renner" title="Karl Renner">Renner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alf_Ross" title="Alf Ross">Ross</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Carl_von_Savigny" title="Friedrich Carl von Savigny">Savigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintus_Mucius_Scaevola_Pontifex" title="Quintus Mucius Scaevola Pontifex">Scaevola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Schmitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shang_Yang" title="Shang Yang">Shang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Francisco Suárez">Suárez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Julius_Stahl" title="Friedrich Julius Stahl">Stahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Mangabeira_Unger" title="Roberto Mangabeira Unger">Unger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Voegelin" title="Eric Voegelin">Voegelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Walzer" title="Michael Walzer">Walzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Weber" title="Max Weber">Weber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_about_jurisprudence" title="Category:Books about jurisprudence">Works</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Laws_(dialogue)" title="Laws (dialogue)">Laws</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(c. 355 BC)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Treatise_on_Law" title="Treatise on Law">Treatise on Law</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(c. 1270)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Spirit_of_Law" title="The Spirit of Law">The Spirit of Law</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1748)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elements_of_the_Philosophy_of_Right" title="Elements of the Philosophy of Right">Elements of the Philosophy of Right</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1820)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pure_Theory_of_Law" title="Pure Theory of Law">Pure Theory of Law</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1934)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Concept_of_Law" title="The Concept of Law">The Concept of Law</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1961)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Natural_Law_and_Natural_Rights" title="Natural Law and Natural Rights">Natural Law and Natural Rights</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1980)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Law%27s_Empire" title="Law's Empire">Law's Empire</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1986)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Theories_of_law" title="Category:Theories of law">Theories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analytical_jurisprudence" title="Analytical jurisprudence">Analytical jurisprudence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deontological_ethics" class="mw-redirect" title="Deontological ethics">Deontological ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy,_theology,_and_fundamental_theory_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law">Fundamental theory of Catholic canon law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_historical_school" title="German historical school">German historical school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpretivism_(legal)" title="Interpretivism (legal)">Interpretivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_moralism" title="Legal moralism">Legal moralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_positivism" title="Legal positivism">Legal positivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_realism" title="Legal realism">Legal realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legalism_(Chinese_philosophy)" title="Legalism (Chinese philosophy)">Legalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_theories_of_law" title="Libertarian theories of law">Libertarian theories of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paternalism" title="Paternalism">Paternalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utilitarianism" title="Utilitarianism">Utilitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtue_jurisprudence" title="Virtue jurisprudence">Virtue jurisprudence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fa_(concept)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fa (concept)">Fa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_interpretation" title="Judicial interpretation">Judicial interpretation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice" title="Justice">Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_without_the_state" title="Law without the state">Law without the state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_country_legal_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="List of country legal systems">Legal system</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Li_(Neo-Confucianism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Li (Neo-Confucianism)">Li</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Question_of_law" title="Question of law">Question of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rational-legal_authority" title="Rational-legal authority">Rational-legal authority</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Usul_al-Fiqh" class="mw-redirect" title="Usul al-Fiqh">Usul al-Fiqh</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Recentchangeslinked&target=Template:Jurisprudence&hidebots=0">changes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Persian_literature356" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Persian_literature" title="Template:Persian literature"><abbr 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language">Old</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Behistun_Inscription" title="Behistun Inscription">Behistun Inscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Persian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Persian language">Old Persian inscriptions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganjnameh" title="Ganjnameh">Ganjnameh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xerxes_I%27s_inscription_at_Van" class="mw-redirect" title="Xerxes I's inscription at Van">Inscription of Xerxes the Great in Van Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_inscription_in_the_Kharg_Island" title="Achaemenid inscription in the Kharg Island">Achaemenid inscription in the Kharg Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Middle356" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Persian_literature" title="Middle Persian literature">Middle</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayadgar-i_Zariran" title="Ayadgar-i Zariran">Ayadgar-i Zariran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adurbad-e_Mahrspandan" class="mw-redirect" title="Adurbad-e Mahrspandan">Counsels of Adurbad-e Mahrspandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denkard" title="Denkard">Dēnkard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamasp_Namag" title="Jamasp Namag">Book of Jamasp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Arda_Viraf" title="Book of Arda Viraf">Book of Arda Viraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnamak-i_Artaxshir-i_Papakan" class="mw-redirect" title="Karnamak-i Artaxshir-i Papakan">Karnamak-i Artaxshir-i Papakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka%27ba-ye_Zartosht#Inscriptions" title="Ka'ba-ye Zartosht">Cube of Zoroaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dana-i_Menog_Khrat" title="Dana-i Menog Khrat">Dana-i Menog Khrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabuhragan" title="Shabuhragan">Shabuhragan of Mani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahrestanha-ye_Eranshahr" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahrestanha-ye Eranshahr">Shahrestanha-ye Eranshahr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundahishn" title="Bundahishn">Bundahishn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menog-i_Khrad" title="Menog-i Khrad">Menog-i Khrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamasp_Namag" title="Jamasp Namag">Jamasp Namag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadestan-i_Denig" title="Dadestan-i Denig">Dadestan-i Denig</a></li> <li>Anthology of Zadspram</li> <li>Warshtmansr</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zand-i_Wahman_yasn" title="Zand-i Wahman yasn">Zand-i Wahman yasn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drakht-i_Asurig" title="Drakht-i Asurig">Drakht-i Asurig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikand-gumanig_Vizar" title="Shikand-gumanig Vizar">Shikand-gumanig Vizar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Classical356" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Classical</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">800s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Wasif" title="Muhammad ibn Wasif">Muhammad ibn Wasif</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">900s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudaki" title="Rudaki">Rudaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daqiqi" title="Daqiqi">Daqiqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdowsi" title="Ferdowsi">Ferdowsi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shahnameh" title="Shahnameh">Shahnameh</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu-Shakur_Balkhi" title="Abu-Shakur Balkhi">Abu Shakur Balkhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Tahir_Khosrovani" title="Abu Tahir Khosrovani">Abu Tahir Khosrovani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahid_Balkhi" title="Shahid Balkhi">Shahid Balkhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal%27ami" class="mw-redirect" title="Bal'ami">Bal'ami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabia_Balkhi" title="Rabia Balkhi">Rabia Balkhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abusaeid_Abolkheir" class="mw-redirect" title="Abusaeid Abolkheir">Abusaeid Abolkheir</a> <small>(967–1049)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna">Avicenna</a> <small>(980–1037)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsuri" title="Unsuri">Unsuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asjadi" title="Asjadi">Asjadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kisai_Marvazi" title="Kisai Marvazi">Kisai Marvazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyuqi" title="Ayyuqi">Ayyuqi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Taher" class="mw-redirect" title="Baba Taher">Bābā Tāher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_Khusraw" title="Nasir Khusraw">Nasir Khusraw</a> <small>(1004–1088)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazali" title="Al-Ghazali">Al-Ghazali</a> <small>(1058–1111)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Ansari" title="Abdullah Ansari">Khwaja Abdullah Ansari</a> <small>(1006–1088)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asadi_Tusi" title="Asadi Tusi">Asadi Tusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatran_Tabrizi" title="Qatran Tabrizi">Qatran Tabrizi</a> <small>(1009–1072)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizam_al-Mulk" title="Nizam al-Mulk">Nizam al-Mulk</a> <small>(1018–1092)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masud_Sa%27d_Salman" title="Masud Sa'd Salman">Masud Sa'd Salman</a> <small>(1046–1121)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Khayyam" title="Omar Khayyam">Omar Khayyam</a> <small>(1048–1131)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakhruddin_As%27ad_Gurgani" title="Fakhruddin As'ad Gurgani">Fakhruddin As'ad Gurgani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Ghazali" title="Ahmad Ghazali">Ahmad Ghazali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hujwiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Hujwiri">Hujwiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuchehri" title="Manuchehri">Manuchehri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayn-al-Quzat_Hamadani" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayn-al-Quzat Hamadani">Ayn-al-Quzat Hamadani</a> <small>(1098–1131)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uthman_Mukhtari" title="Uthman Mukhtari">Uthman Mukhtari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu-al-Faraj_Runi" title="Abu-al-Faraj Runi">Abu-al-Faraj Runi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanai" title="Sanai">Sanai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Goshasp" title="Banu Goshasp">Banu Goshasp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borzu-Nama" class="mw-redirect" title="Borzu-Nama">Borzu-Nama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afdal_al-Din_Kashani" title="Afdal al-Din Kashani">Afdal al-Din Kashani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu%27l_Hasan_Mihyar_al-Daylami" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu'l Hasan Mihyar al-Daylami">Abu'l Hasan Mihyar al-Daylami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%27izzi" title="Mu'izzi">Mu'izzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahsati" title="Mahsati">Mahsati Ganjavi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1100s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athir_al-Din_Akhsikati" title="Athir al-Din Akhsikati">Athir al-Din Akhsikati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranshah_(poet)" title="Iranshah (poet)">Iranshah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzani_Samarqandi" title="Suzani Samarqandi">Suzani Samarqandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Ghaznavi" title="Hassan Ghaznavi">Hassan Ghaznavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faramarz_Nama" class="mw-redirect" title="Faramarz Nama">Faramarz Nama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahab_al-Din_Suhrawardi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi">Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi</a> <small>(1155–1191)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adib_Sabir" title="Adib Sabir">Adib Sabir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falaki_Shirvani" title="Falaki Shirvani">Falaki Shirvani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am%27aq" title="Am'aq">Am'aq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najm_al-Din_Razi" title="Najm al-Din Razi">Najm al-Din Razi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farid_al-Din_Attar" class="mw-redirect" title="Farid al-Din Attar">Attar</a> <small>(1142–<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/circa" class="extiw" title="wikt:circa">c.1220</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaqani" title="Khaqani">Khaqani</a> <small>(1120–1190)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anvari" title="Anvari">Anvari</a> <small>(1126–1189)</small></li> <li>Faramarz-e Khodadad</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizami_Ganjavi" title="Nizami Ganjavi">Nizami Ganjavi</a> <small>(1141–1209)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakhr_al-Din_al-Razi" title="Fakhr al-Din al-Razi">Fakhr al-Din al-Razi</a> <small>(1149–1209)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_od-Din_Esmail" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamal od-Din Esmail">Kamal al-Din Esfahani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shams_Tabrizi" title="Shams Tabrizi">Shams Tabrizi</a> <small>(d.1248)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1200s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darab_Nama" class="mw-redirect" title="Darab Nama">Abu Tahir Tarsusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awhadi_Maraghai" title="Awhadi Maraghai">Awhadi Maraghai</a></li> <li>Shams al-Din Qays Razi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Walad" title="Sultan Walad">Sultan Walad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nas%C4%ABr_al-D%C4%ABn_al-T%C5%ABs%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī">Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afdal_al-Din_Kashani" title="Afdal al-Din Kashani">Afdal al-Din Kashani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakhr-al-Din_Iraqi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fakhr-al-Din Iraqi">Fakhr-al-Din Iraqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Shabistari" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmud Shabistari">Mahmud Shabistari</a> <small>(1288–1320s)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safina%E2%80%93yi_Tabriz" class="mw-redirect" title="Safina–yi Tabriz">Abu'l Majd Tabrizi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amir_Khusrau" title="Amir Khusrau">Amir Khusrau</a> <small>(1253–1325)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saadi_Shirazi" title="Saadi Shirazi">Saadi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bostan_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bostan (book)">Bustan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gulistan_of_Sa%27di" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulistan of Sa'di">Golestān</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahram-e-Pazhdo" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahram-e-Pazhdo">Bahram-e-Pazhdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pur-Baha_Jami" title="Pur-Baha Jami">Pur-Baha Jami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zartosht_Bahram_e_Pazhdo" class="mw-redirect" title="Zartosht Bahram e Pazhdo">Zartosht Bahram e Pazhdo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homam_Tabrizi" class="mw-redirect" title="Homam Tabrizi">Homam Tabrizi</a> <small>(1238–1314)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nozhat_al-Majales" title="Nozhat al-Majales">Nozhat al-Majales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwaju_Kermani" title="Khwaju Kermani">Khwaju Kermani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badr_Shirvani" title="Badr Shirvani">Badr Shirvani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zu%27l-Fiqar_Shirvani" title="Zu'l-Fiqar Shirvani">Zu'l-Fiqar Shirvani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1300s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Yamin" title="Ibn Yamin">Ibn Yamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Nimatullah_Wali" title="Shah Nimatullah Wali">Shah Ni'matullah Wali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafez" title="Hafez">Hafez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ali_Qalandar" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Ali Qalandar">Abu Ali Qalandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazlallah_Astarabadi" title="Fazlallah Astarabadi">Fazlallah Astarabadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasimi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasimi">Nasimi</a></li> <li>Emad al-Din Faqih Kermani</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1400s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ubayd_Zakani" title="Ubayd Zakani">Ubayd Zakani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salman_Savaji" title="Salman Savaji">Salman Savaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatefi_(poet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatefi (poet)">Hatefi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jami" title="Jami">Jami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Khujandi" title="Kamal Khujandi">Kamal Khujandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahli_Shirazi" title="Ahli Shirazi">Ahli Shirazi</a> <small>(1454–1535)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzuli_(poet)" title="Fuzuli (poet)">Fuzuli</a> <small>(1483–1556)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_I" title="Ismail I">Ismail I</a> <small>(1487–1524)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Faghani" class="mw-redirect" title="Baba Faghani">Baba Faghani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1500s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vahshi_Bafqi" title="Vahshi Bafqi">Vahshi Bafqi</a> <small>(1523–1583)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohtasham_Kashani" title="Mohtasham Kashani">Mohtasham Kashani</a> <small>(1500–1588)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Orfi_Shirazi" title="'Orfi Shirazi">'Orfi Shirazi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1600s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taleb_Amoli" title="Taleb Amoli">Taleb Amoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saib_Tabrizi" title="Saib Tabrizi">Saib Tabrizi</a> <small>(1607–1670)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asir-e_Esfahani" title="Asir-e Esfahani">Asir-e Esfahani</a> <small>(c. 1620–1648)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalim_Kashani" title="Kalim Kashani">Kalim Kashani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazin_Lahiji" title="Hazin Lahiji">Hazin Lāhiji</a> <small>(1692–1766)</small></li> <li>Saba Kashani</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul-Q%C4%81dir_B%C4%93dil" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdul-Qādir Bēdil">Abdul-Qādir Bēdil</a> <small>(1642–1720)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naw%27i_Khabushani" title="Naw'i Khabushani">Naw'i Khabushani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Qoli_Salim_Tehrani" title="Mohammad Qoli Salim Tehrani">Mohammad Qoli Salim Tehrani</a></li> <li>Rasa Salim Tehrani</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1700s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hatef_Esfahani" title="Hatef Esfahani">Hatef Esfahani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azar_Bigdeli" title="Azar Bigdeli">Azar Bigdeli</a> <small>(1722–1781)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neshat_Esfahani" title="Neshat Esfahani">Neshat Esfahani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbas_Foroughi_Bastami" title="Abbas Foroughi Bastami">Abbas Foroughi Bastami</a> <small>(1798–1857)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1800s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yaghma_Jandaqi" title="Yaghma Jandaqi">Yaghma Jandaqi</a> <small>(1782–1859)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghalib" title="Ghalib">Mirza Ghalib</a> <small>(1797–1869)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zayn_al-Abidin_Shirvani" title="Zayn al-Abidin Shirvani">Zayn al-Abidin Shirvani</a> <small>(1779–1837)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reza-Qoli_Khan_Hedayat" title="Reza-Qoli Khan Hedayat">Reza-Qoli Khan Hedayat</a> <small>(1800–1871)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Mohammad_Taqi_Sepehr" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirza Mohammad Taqi Sepehr">Mirza Mohammad Taqi Sepehr</a> <small>(1801–1880)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaani" title="Qaani">Qaani</a> <small>(1808–1854)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Khan_Malek_al-Sho%27ara" title="Mahmud Khan Malek al-Sho'ara">Mahmud Khan Malek al-Sho'ara</a> <small>(1813–1893)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Contemporary356" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Contemporary</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poetry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Iran</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadreza_Ahmadi" title="Ahmadreza Ahmadi">Ahmadreza Ahmadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehdi_Akhavan-Sales" title="Mehdi Akhavan-Sales">Mehdi Akhavan-Sales</a></li> <li>Hormoz Alipour</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qeysar_Aminpour" title="Qeysar Aminpour">Qeysar Aminpour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Aslani" title="Mohammad Reza Aslani">Mohammad Reza Aslani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aref_Qazvini" title="Aref Qazvini">Aref Qazvini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_NikTalab" title="Ahmad NikTalab">Ahmad NikTalab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aminollah_Rezaei" title="Aminollah Rezaei">Aminollah Rezaei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manouchehr_Atashi" title="Manouchehr Atashi">Manouchehr Atashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Mosharraf_Azad_Tehrani" title="Mahmoud Mosharraf Azad Tehrani">Mahmoud Mosharraf Azad Tehrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad-Taqi_Bahar" title="Mohammad-Taqi Bahar">Mohammad-Taqi Bahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reza_Baraheni" title="Reza Baraheni">Reza Baraheni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simin_Behbahani" title="Simin Behbahani">Simin Behbahani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali-Akbar_Dehkhoda" title="Ali-Akbar Dehkhoda">Dehkhoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hushang_Ebtehaj" title="Hushang Ebtehaj">Hushang Ebtehaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijan_Elahi" title="Bijan Elahi">Bijan Elahi</a></li> <li>Parviz Eslampour</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvin_E%27tesami" title="Parvin E'tesami">Parvin E'tesami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forugh_Farrokhzad" title="Forugh Farrokhzad">Forugh Farrokhzad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hossein_Monzavi" title="Hossein Monzavi">Hossein Monzavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hushang_Irani" title="Hushang Irani">Hushang Irani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraj_Mirza" title="Iraj Mirza">Iraj Mirza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijan_Jalali" title="Bijan Jalali">Bijan Jalali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siavash_Kasraie" class="mw-redirect" title="Siavash Kasraie">Siavash Kasraie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esmail_Khoi" title="Esmail Khoi">Esmail Khoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shams_Langeroodi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shams Langeroodi">Shams Langeroodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Mokhtari_(writer)" title="Mohammad Mokhtari (writer)">Mohammad Mokhtari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nosrat_Rahmani" title="Nosrat Rahmani">Nosrat Rahmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yadollah_Royaee" title="Yadollah Royaee">Yadollah Royaee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahereh_Saffarzadeh" title="Tahereh Saffarzadeh">Tahereh Saffarzadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sohrab_Sepehri" title="Sohrab Sepehri">Sohrab Sepehri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad-Reza_Shafiei_Kadkani" title="Mohammad-Reza Shafiei Kadkani">Mohammad-Reza Shafiei Kadkani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad-Hossein_Shahriar" title="Mohammad-Hossein Shahriar">Mohammad-Hossein Shahriar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shamlou" title="Ahmad Shamlou">Ahmad Shamlou</a></li> <li>Manouchehr Sheybani</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nima_Yooshij" title="Nima Yooshij">Nima Yooshij</a> (<a href="/wiki/She%27r-e_Nimaa%27i" title="She'r-e Nimaa'i">She'r-e Nimaa'i</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fereydoon_Moshiri" title="Fereydoon Moshiri">Fereydoon Moshiri</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Armenia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Haghverdian" title="Edward Haghverdian">Edward Haghverdian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Afghanistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nadia_Anjuman" title="Nadia Anjuman">Nadia Anjuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasef_Bakhtari" title="Wasef Bakhtari">Wasef Bakhtari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raziq_Faani" title="Raziq Faani">Raziq Faani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalilullah_Khalili" title="Khalilullah Khalili">Khalilullah Khalili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youssof_Kohzad" title="Youssof Kohzad">Youssof Kohzad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massoud_Nawabi" title="Massoud Nawabi">Massoud Nawabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ali_Mustaghni" title="Abdul Ali Mustaghni">Abdul Ali Mustaghni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Tajikistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sadriddin_Ayni" title="Sadriddin Ayni">Sadriddin Ayni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farzona" class="mw-redirect" title="Farzona">Farzona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Khatloni" title="Iskandar Khatloni">Iskandar Khatloni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolqasem_Lahouti" title="Abolqasem Lahouti">Abolqasem Lahouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulrukhsor_Safieva" title="Gulrukhsor Safieva">Gulrukhsor Safieva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loiq_Sher-Ali" class="mw-redirect" title="Loiq Sher-Ali">Loiq Sher-Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payrav_Sulaymoni" title="Payrav Sulaymoni">Payrav Sulaymoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirzo_Tursunzoda" title="Mirzo Tursunzoda">Mirzo Tursunzoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satim_Ulugzade" title="Satim Ulugzade">Satim Ulugzade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Uzbekistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asad_Gulzoda" title="Asad Gulzoda">Asad Gulzoda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Pakistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal" title="Muhammad Iqbal">Muhammad Iqbal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Mohammad_Afghani" title="Ali Mohammad Afghani">Ali Mohammad Afghani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghazaleh_Alizadeh" title="Ghazaleh Alizadeh">Ghazaleh Alizadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozorg_Alavi" title="Bozorg Alavi">Bozorg Alavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reza_Amirkhani" title="Reza Amirkhani">Reza Amirkhani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahshid_Amirshahi" title="Mahshid Amirshahi">Mahshid Amirshahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghassem_Hashemi_Nezhad" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghassem Hashemi Nezhad">Ghassem Hashemi Nezhad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reza_Baraheni" title="Reza Baraheni">Reza Baraheni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simin_Daneshvar" title="Simin Daneshvar">Simin Daneshvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Dowlatabadi" title="Mahmoud Dowlatabadi">Mahmoud Dowlatabadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soudabeh_Fazaeli" title="Soudabeh Fazaeli">Soudabeh Fazaeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reza_Ghassemi" title="Reza Ghassemi">Reza Ghassemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Hanif_(Iranian_writer)" title="Mohammad Hanif (Iranian writer)">Mohammad Hanif (Iranian writer)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houshang_Golshiri" title="Houshang Golshiri">Houshang Golshiri</a></li> <li>Aboutorab Khosravi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeyn_al-Abedin_Maraghei" title="Zeyn al-Abedin Maraghei">Zeyn al-Abedin Maraghei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Mahmoud" title="Ahmad Mahmoud">Ahmad Mahmoud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahriyar_Mandanipour" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahriyar Mandanipour">Shahriyar Mandanipour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbas_Maroufi" title="Abbas Maroufi">Abbas Maroufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansour_Koushan" title="Mansour Koushan">Mansour Koushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraj_Pezeshkzad" title="Iraj Pezeshkzad">Iraj Pezeshkzad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short stories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jalal_Al-e-Ahmad" title="Jalal Al-e-Ahmad">Jalal Al-e-Ahmad</a></li> <li>Shamim Bahar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadeq_Chubak" title="Sadeq Chubak">Sadeq Chubak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolhassan_Etessami" class="mw-redirect" title="Abolhassan Etessami">Abolhassan Etessami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javad_Mojabi" title="Javad Mojabi">Javad Mojabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simin_Daneshvar" title="Simin Daneshvar">Simin Daneshvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nader_Ebrahimi" title="Nader Ebrahimi">Nader Ebrahimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebrahim_Golestan" title="Ebrahim Golestan">Ebrahim Golestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houshang_Golshiri" title="Houshang Golshiri">Houshang Golshiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadegh_Hedayat" title="Sadegh Hedayat">Sadegh Hedayat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad-Ali_Jamalzadeh" title="Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh">Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aboutorab_Khosravi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aboutorab Khosravi (page does not exist)">Aboutorab Khosravi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mostafa_Mastoor" title="Mostafa Mastoor">Mostafa Mastoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaafar_Modarres-Sadeghi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaafar Modarres-Sadeghi">Jaafar Modarres-Sadeghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houshang_Moradi_Kermani" title="Houshang Moradi Kermani">Houshang Moradi Kermani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijan_Najdi" title="Bijan Najdi">Bijan Najdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahrnush_Parsipur" title="Shahrnush Parsipur">Shahrnush Parsipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gholam-Hossein_Sa%27edi" title="Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi">Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahram_Sadeghi" title="Bahram Sadeghi">Bahram Sadeghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goli_Taraqqi" class="mw-redirect" title="Goli Taraqqi">Goli Taraqqi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reza_Abdoh" title="Reza Abdoh">Reza Abdoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Fatali_Akhundov" title="Mirza Fatali Akhundov">Mirza Fatali Akhundzadeh</a></li> <li>Mohsen Yalfani</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahram_Beyzai" title="Bahram Beyzai">Bahram Beyzai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahman_Forsi" title="Bahman Forsi">Bahman Forsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amir_Reza_Koohestani" title="Amir Reza Koohestani">Amir Reza Koohestani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alireza_Koushk_Jalali" title="Alireza Koushk Jalali">Alireza Koushk Jalali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gholam-Hossein_Sa%27edi" title="Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi">Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijan_Mofid" title="Bijan Mofid">Bijan Mofid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengameh_Mofid" title="Hengameh Mofid">Hengameh Mofid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbas_Nalbandian" title="Abbas Nalbandian">Abbas Nalbandian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akbar_Radi" title="Akbar Radi">Akbar Radi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pari_Saberi" title="Pari Saberi">Pari Saberi</a></li> <li>Mirza Aqa Tabrizi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Yaghoubi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Yaghoubi">Mohammad Yaghoubi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Screenplays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Saeed Aghighi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Aslani" title="Mohammad Reza Aslani">Mohammad Reza Aslani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakhshan_Bani-E%27temad" class="mw-redirect" title="Rakhshan Bani-E'temad">Rakhshan Bani-E'temad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahram_Beyzai" title="Bahram Beyzai">Bahram Beyzai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajir_Darioush" title="Hajir Darioush">Hajir Darioush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pouran_Derakhshandeh" title="Pouran Derakhshandeh">Pouran Derakhshandeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asghar_Farhadi" title="Asghar Farhadi">Asghar Farhadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahman_Farmanara" title="Bahman Farmanara">Bahman Farmanara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farrokh_Ghaffari" title="Farrokh Ghaffari">Farrokh Ghaffari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behrouz_Gharibpour" title="Behrouz Gharibpour">Behrouz Gharibpour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahman_Ghobadi" title="Bahman Ghobadi">Bahman Ghobadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fereydun_Gole" title="Fereydun Gole">Fereydun Gole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebrahim_Golestan" title="Ebrahim Golestan">Ebrahim Golestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Hatami" title="Ali Hatami">Ali Hatami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolfazl_Jalili" title="Abolfazl Jalili">Abolfazl Jalili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebrahim_Hatamikia" title="Ebrahim Hatamikia">Ebrahim Hatamikia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdolreza_Kahani" title="Abdolreza Kahani">Abdolreza Kahani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varuzh_Karim-Masihi" title="Varuzh Karim-Masihi">Varuzh Karim-Masihi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Khachikian" title="Samuel Khachikian">Samuel Khachikian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbas_Kiarostami" title="Abbas Kiarostami">Abbas Kiarostami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majid_Majidi" title="Majid Majidi">Majid Majidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohsen_Makhmalbaf" title="Mohsen Makhmalbaf">Mohsen Makhmalbaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dariush_Mehrjui" title="Dariush Mehrjui">Dariush Mehrjui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reza_Mirkarimi" title="Reza Mirkarimi">Reza Mirkarimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasoul_Mollagholipour" title="Rasoul Mollagholipour">Rasoul Mollagholipour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amir_Naderi" title="Amir Naderi">Amir Naderi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jafar_Panahi" title="Jafar Panahi">Jafar Panahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kambuzia_Partovi" title="Kambuzia Partovi">Kambuzia Partovi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fereydoun_Rahnema" title="Fereydoun Rahnema">Fereydoun Rahnema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasul_Sadr_Ameli" title="Rasul Sadr Ameli">Rasul Sadr Ameli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Sadri" title="Mohammad Sadri">Mohammad Sadri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parviz_Shahbazi" title="Parviz Shahbazi">Parviz Shahbazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sohrab_Shahid-Saless" title="Sohrab Shahid-Saless">Sohrab Shahid-Saless</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Translators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Amrollah Abjadian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaleh_Amouzgar" title="Jaleh Amouzgar">Jaleh Amouzgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najaf_Daryabandari" title="Najaf Daryabandari">Najaf Daryabandari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ghazi_(translator)" title="Mohammad Ghazi (translator)">Mohammad Ghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lili_Golestan" title="Lili Golestan">Lili Golestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadegh_Hedayat" title="Sadegh Hedayat">Sadegh Hedayat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramak_NikTalab" title="Ramak NikTalab">Ramak NikTalab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleh_Hosseini" title="Saleh Hosseini">Saleh Hosseini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Kamyabi_Mask" title="Ahmad Kamyabi Mask">Ahmad Kamyabi Mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shamlou" title="Ahmad Shamlou">Ahmad Shamlou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Moin" title="Mohammad Moin">Mohammad Moin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebrahim_Pourdavoud" title="Ebrahim Pourdavoud">Ebrahim Pourdavoud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamid_Samandarian" title="Hamid Samandarian">Hamid Samandarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalal_Sattari" title="Jalal Sattari">Jalal Sattari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jafar_Shahidi" title="Jafar Shahidi">Jafar Shahidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Tafazzoli" title="Ahmad Tafazzoli">Ahmad Tafazzoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbas_Zaryab" title="Abbas Zaryab">Abbas Zaryab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Children's literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samad_Behrangi" title="Samad Behrangi">Samad Behrangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houshang_Moradi_Kermani" title="Houshang Moradi Kermani">Houshang Moradi Kermani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babak_NikTalab" title="Babak NikTalab">Babak NikTalab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengameh_Mofid" title="Hengameh Mofid">Hengameh Mofid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poopak_NikTalab" title="Poopak NikTalab">Poopak NikTalab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farhad_Hasanzadeh" title="Farhad Hasanzadeh">Farhad Hasanzadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramak_NikTalab" title="Ramak NikTalab">Ramak NikTalab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Essayists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aydin_Aghdashloo" title="Aydin Aghdashloo">Aydin Aghdashloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Latifiyan" title="Ali Latifiyan">Ali Latifiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ebrahim_Bastani_Parizi" title="Mohammad Ebrahim Bastani Parizi">Mohammad Ebrahim Bastani Parizi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehsan_Yarshater" title="Ehsan Yarshater">Ehsan Yarshater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Kasravi" title="Ahmad Kasravi">Ahmad Kasravi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Contemporary Persian and Classical Persian are the same language, but writers since 1900 are classified as contemporary. At one time, Persian was a common cultural language of much of the non-Arabic Islamic world. Today it is the official language of <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> and one of the two official languages of <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="People_of_Khorasan129" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:People_of_Khorasan" title="Template:People of Khorasan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:People_of_Khorasan" title="Template talk:People of Khorasan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:People_of_Khorasan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:People of Khorasan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="People_of_Khorasan129" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Khorasan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scientists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Isfizari" title="Al-Isfizari">Abu Hatam Isfizari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ma%27shar_al-Balkhi" title="Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi">Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Wafa%27_Buzjani" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu al-Wafa' Buzjani">Abu Wafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_%27Ubayd_al-Juzjani" title="Abu 'Ubayd al-Juzjani">Abu Ubayd Juzjani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Zayd_al-Balkhi" title="Abu Zayd al-Balkhi">Abu Zayd Balkhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Farghani" title="Al-Farghani">Alfraganus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Qushji" title="Ali Qushji">Ali Qushji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna">Avicenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Birjandi" title="Al-Birjandi">Birjandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Biruni" title="Al-Biruni">Biruni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habash_al-Hasib_al-Marwazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi">Hasib Marwazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabir_ibn_Hayyan" title="Jabir ibn Hayyan">Ibn Hayyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ja%27far_al-Khazin" title="Abu Ja'far al-Khazin">Abu Ja'far al-Khazin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khazini" title="Al-Khazini">Khazini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu-Mahmud_Khojandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu-Mahmud Khojandi">Khojandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khwarizmi" title="Al-Khwarizmi">Khwarizmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al%C4%AB_ibn_Ahmad_al-Nasaw%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Alī ibn Ahmad al-Nasawī">Nasawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_al-Din_al-Tusi" title="Nasir al-Din al-Tusi">Nasir al-Din al-Tusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Khayyam" title="Omar Khayyam">Omar Khayyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharaf_al-Din_al-Tusi" title="Sharaf al-Din al-Tusi">Sharaf al-Din al-Tusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sijzi" title="Al-Sijzi">Sijzi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazali" title="Al-Ghazali">Algazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hassan_al-Amiri" title="Abu al-Hassan al-Amiri">Amiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna">Avicenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Farabi" title="Al-Farabi">Farabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji_Bektash_Veli" title="Haji Bektash Veli">Haji Bektash Veli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_Khusraw" title="Nasir Khusraw">Nasir Khusraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sulayman_Sijistani" title="Abu Sulayman Sijistani">Sijistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shahrastani" title="Al-Shahrastani">Shahrastani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islamic scholars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Dawud_al-Sijistani" title="Abu Dawud al-Sijistani">Abu Dawud al-Sijistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Barakat_al-Nasafi" title="Abu al-Barakat al-Nasafi">Abu Barakat Nasafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hanifa" title="Abu Hanifa">Abu Hanifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hafs_Umar_al-Nasafi" title="Abu Hafs Umar al-Nasafi">Abu Hafs Nasafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Layth_al-Samarqandi" title="Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi">Abu Layth Samarqandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Mu%27in_al-Nasafi" title="Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi">Abu Mu'in Nasafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_al-Samarqandi" title="Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi">Abu Qasim Samarqandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Ansari" title="Abdullah Ansari">Ansari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baghawi" title="Al-Baghawi">Baghavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bayhaqi" title="Al-Bayhaqi">Bayhaqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bazdawi" title="Al-Bazdawi">Bazdawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Bukhari" title="Muhammad al-Bukhari">Bukhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Zayd_al-Dabusi" title="Abu Zayd al-Dabusi">Dabusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatima_al-Samarqandi" title="Fatima al-Samarqandi">Fatima Samarqandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazali" title="Al-Ghazali">Ghazali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_al-Din_al-Ghaznawi" title="Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi">Ghaznawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_al-Tirmidhi" title="Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi">Hakim Tirmidhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_al-Nishapuri" title="Al-Hakim al-Nishapuri">Hakim Nishapuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hibban" title="Ibn Hibban">Ibn Hibban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Mubarak" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn al-Mubarak">Ibn Mubarak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Tayfour_Sajawandi" title="Muhammad ibn Tayfour Sajawandi">Ibn Tayfour Sajawandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Juwayni" title="Al-Juwayni">Juwayni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kasani" title="Al-Kasani">Kasani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husayn_Kashifi" title="Husayn Kashifi">Kashifi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Thana%27_al-Lamishi" title="Abu al-Thana' al-Lamishi">Lamishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burhan_al-Din_al-Marghinani" title="Burhan al-Din al-Marghinani">Marghinani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mansur_al-Maturidi" title="Abu Mansur al-Maturidi">Maturidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Qari" title="Ali al-Qari">Mulla al-Qari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muqatil_ibn_Sulayman" title="Muqatil ibn Sulayman">Muqatil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_ibn_al-Hajjaj" title="Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj">Muslim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nasa%27i" title="Al-Nasa'i">Nasa'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qushayri" title="Al-Qushayri">Qushayri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakhr_al-Din_al-Razi" title="Fakhr al-Din al-Razi">Razi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_al-Din_al-Sabuni" title="Nur al-Din al-Sabuni">Sabuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siraj_al-Din_al-Sajawandi" title="Siraj al-Din al-Sajawandi">Sajawandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sarakhsi" title="Al-Sarakhsi">Sarakhsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaykh_Tusi" title="Shaykh Tusi">Shaykh Tusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Taftazani" title="Al-Taftazani">Taftazani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Tha%27labi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Tha'labi">Tha'labi Nishapuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Tirmidhi" title="Al-Tirmidhi">Tirmidhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zamakhshari" title="Al-Zamakhshari">Zamakhshari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poets and artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sa%27id_Abu%27l-Khayr" title="Abu Sa'id Abu'l-Khayr">Abu Sa'id Abu'l-Khayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anvari" title="Anvari">Anvari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizami_Aruzi" title="Nizami Aruzi">Aruzi Samarqandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asadi_Tusi" title="Asadi Tusi">Asadi Tusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attar_of_Nishapur" title="Attar of Nishapur">Attar Nishapuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kam%C4%81l_ud-D%C4%ABn_Behz%C4%81d" title="Kamāl ud-Dīn Behzād">Behzad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daqiqi" title="Daqiqi">Daqiqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farrukhi_Sistani" title="Farrukhi Sistani">Farrukhi Sistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdowsi" title="Ferdowsi">Ferdowsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jami" title="Jami">Jami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husayn_Kashifi" title="Husayn Kashifi">Kashifi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_Khusraw" title="Nasir Khusraw">Nasir Khusraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabia_Balkhi" title="Rabia Balkhi">Rabia Balkhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudaki" title="Rudaki">Rudaki</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanai" title="Sanai">Sanā'ī</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historians and<br />political figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Fadl_Bayhaqi" title="Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi">Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Hasan_Isfarayini" title="Abu'l-Hasan Isfarayini">Abu'l-Hasan Isfarayini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Ma%27ali_Nasrallah" title="Abu'l-Ma'ali Nasrallah">Abu'l-Ma'ali Nasrallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muslim" title="Abu Muslim">Abu Muslim Khorasani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardizi" title="Gardizi">Gardizi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali-Shir_Nava%27i" title="Ali-Shir Nava'i">Ali-Shir Nava'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ata-Malik_Juvayni" title="Ata-Malik Juvayni">Ata-Malik Juvayni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Aufi" title="Muhammad Aufi">Aufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ali_Bal%27ami" title="Abu Ali Bal'ami">Abu Ali Bal'ami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gawhar_Shad" title="Gawhar Shad">Gawhar Shad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khordadbeh" title="Ibn Khordadbeh">Ibn Khordadbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_ibn_Barmak" title="Khalid ibn Barmak">Khalid ibn Barmak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minhaj-i-Siraj" class="mw-redirect" title="Minhaj-i-Siraj">Minhaj al-Siraj Juzjani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizam_al-Mulk" title="Nizam al-Mulk">Nizam al-Mulk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahir_ibn_Husayn" title="Tahir ibn Husayn">Tahir ibn Husayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_ibn_Khalid" title="Yahya ibn Khalid">Yahya Barmaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Nizam_al-Mulk" title="Ahmad ibn Nizam al-Mulk">Ahmad ibn Nizam al-Mulk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihab_al-Din_Muhammad_al-Nasawi" title="Shihab al-Din Muhammad al-Nasawi">Shihab al-Nasawi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43347#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4854" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43347#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4854" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43347#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121449235">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/98930150">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/73511/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJgMypvXXpDHdFXrgHCxXd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118716158">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81059876">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119039002">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119039002">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00444476">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Ǧalāl-al Dīn Rūmī"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/BVEV013673">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35206392">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19981000927&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX949088">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/962319">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068513127">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90183293">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000198398&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000125897&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000182350">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=75406">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC200309390">Korea</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC2018N9367">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/c9prm86w25jnprv">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810609508605606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/362888">Vatican</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/50897">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007267346005171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000086189">Finland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058616694006706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00341125?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500337998">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/6ccbf2fe-c59d-46d8-8be4-756fdc9ff90c">MusicBrainz</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/3aa52c51-6f11-45a3-825c-816640913863">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/3043a51c-0ef1-4fb8-8fe5-33f0ddf1f516">3</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.performing-arts.eu/discovery/agent/gnd_118716158">FID</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/864814">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118716158.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118716158">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 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