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</a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ruling_in_Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ruling_in_Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ruling in Germany</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ruling_in_Germany-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ruling in Germany subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ruling_in_Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Frederick_Barbarossa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frederick_Barbarossa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Frederick Barbarossa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frederick_Barbarossa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Henry_VI" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Henry_VI"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Henry VI</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Henry_VI-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philip_of_Swabia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philip_of_Swabia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Philip of Swabia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philip_of_Swabia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ruling_in_Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ruling_in_Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ruling in Italy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ruling_in_Italy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ruling in Italy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ruling_in_Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Frederick_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frederick_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Frederick II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frederick_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-End_of_the_Staufer_dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#End_of_the_Staufer_dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>End of the Staufer dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-End_of_the_Staufer_dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Members_of_the_Hohenstaufen_family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Members_of_the_Hohenstaufen_family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Members of the Hohenstaufen family</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Members_of_the_Hohenstaufen_family-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Members of the Hohenstaufen family subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Members_of_the_Hohenstaufen_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Holy_Roman_Emperors_and_Kings_of_the_Romans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holy_Roman_Emperors_and_Kings_of_the_Romans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Holy Roman Emperors and Kings of the Romans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holy_Roman_Emperors_and_Kings_of_the_Romans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kings_of_Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kings_of_Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Kings of Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kings_of_Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kings_of_Sicily" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kings_of_Sicily"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Kings of Sicily</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kings_of_Sicily-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dukes_of_Swabia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dukes_of_Swabia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Dukes of Swabia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dukes_of_Swabia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family_tree_of_the_House_of_Hohenstaufen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_tree_of_the_House_of_Hohenstaufen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Family tree of the House of Hohenstaufen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_tree_of_the_House_of_Hohenstaufen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hohenstaufen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staufer" title="Staufer – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Staufer" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%81%D9%86" title="هوهنشتاوفن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هوهنشتاوفن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinast%C3%ADa_Hohenstaufen" title="Dinastía Hohenstaufen – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Dinastía Hohenstaufen" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hohen%C5%9Ftaufen_s%C3%BClal%C9%99si" title="Hohenştaufen sülaləsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hohenştaufen sülaləsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Гогенштаўфены – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гогенштаўфены" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Хоенщауфен – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хоенщауфен" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoen%C5%A1taufovci" title="Hoenštaufovci – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hoenštaufovci" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hohenstaufen" title="Hohenstaufen – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hohenstaufen" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0taufov%C3%A9" title="Štaufové – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Štaufové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hohenstauferne" title="Hohenstauferne – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hohenstauferne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staufer" title="Staufer – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Staufer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hohenstaufenid" title="Hohenstaufenid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hohenstaufenid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%A7%CE%BF%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%86%CE%B5%CE%BD" title="Οίκος των Χοενστάουφεν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οίκος των Χοενστάουφεν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinast%C3%ADa_Hohenstaufen" title="Dinastía Hohenstaufen – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dinastía Hohenstaufen" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Cta%C5%ADfoj" title="Ŝtaŭfoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝtaŭfoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hohenstaufen_dinastia" title="Hohenstaufen dinastia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hohenstaufen dinastia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B1" title="اشتاوفر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اشتاوفر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maison_de_Hohenstaufen" title="Maison de Hohenstaufen – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Maison de Hohenstaufen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinast%C3%ADa_Hohenstaufen" title="Dinastía Hohenstaufen – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dinastía Hohenstaufen" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%98%B8%EC%97%94%EC%8A%88%ED%83%80%EC%9A%B0%ED%8E%9C%EA%B0%80" title="호엔슈타우펜가 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="호엔슈타우펜가" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hohenstaufen" title="Hohenstaufen – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hohenstaufen" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stauf-dinastio" title="Stauf-dinastio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Stauf-dinastio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hohenstaufen" title="Hohenstaufen – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hohenstaufen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hohenstaufen" title="Hohenstaufen – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hohenstaufen" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%9F" title="בית הוהנשטאופן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בית הוהנשטאופן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ჰოენშტაუფენები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰოენშტაუფენები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirps_Waiblingensium" title="Stirps Waiblingensium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Stirps Waiblingensium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoen%C5%A1taufenu_dinastija" title="Hoenštaufenu dinastija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hoenštaufenu dinastija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0taufenai" title="Štaufenai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Štaufenai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stauf-h%C3%A1z" title="Stauf-ház – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Stauf-ház" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinasti_Hohenstaufen" title="Dinasti Hohenstaufen – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Dinasti Hohenstaufen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hohenstaufen" title="Hohenstaufen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hohenstaufen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9B%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A6%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%B3%E6%9C%9D" title="ホーエンシュタウフェン朝 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ホーエンシュタウフェン朝" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huset_Hohenstaufen" title="Huset Hohenstaufen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Huset Hohenstaufen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hohenstaufowie" title="Hohenstaufowie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hohenstaufowie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinastia_de_Hohenstaufen" title="Dinastia de Hohenstaufen – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dinastia de Hohenstaufen" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hohenstaufen" title="Hohenstaufen – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hohenstaufen" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Гогенштауфены – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гогенштауфены" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hohenstaufen" title="Hohenstaufen – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hohenstaufen" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hohenstaufen" title="Hohenstaufen – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Hohenstaufen" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hohen%C5%A1taufovci" title="Hohenštaufovci – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hohenštaufovci" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staufovci" title="Staufovci – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Staufovci" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Хохенштауфен – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хохенштауфен" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hohenstaufen" title="Hohenstaufen – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hohenstaufen" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hohenstaufen" title="Hohenstaufen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hohenstaufen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hohenstaufen" title="Hohenstaufen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hohenstaufen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hohenstaufen" title="Hohenstaufen – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hohenstaufen" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="ราชวงศ์โฮเอินชเตาเฟิน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ราชวงศ์โฮเอินชเตาเฟิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hohenstaufen_Hanedan%C4%B1" title="Hohenstaufen Hanedanı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hohenstaufen Hanedanı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Гогенштауфени – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гогенштауфени" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_t%E1%BB%99c_Staufer" title="Vương tộc Staufer – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vương tộc Staufer" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huus_Hohenstaufn" title="Huus Hohenstaufn – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Huus Hohenstaufn" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E4%BA%A8%E6%96%AF%E9%99%B6%E8%8A%AC%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="霍亨斯陶芬王朝 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="霍亨斯陶芬王朝" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E4%BA%A8%E6%96%AF%E9%99%B6%E8%8A%AC" title="荷亨斯陶芬 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="荷亨斯陶芬" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li 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.mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Hohenstaufen_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Hohenstaufen (disambiguation)">Hohenstaufen (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Hohenstaufen<br /><div class="nickname" style="display:inline;font-size:78%">Staufer</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Or_three_leopards_sable.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Or_three_leopards_sable.svg/110px-Or_three_leopards_sable.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Or_three_leopards_sable.svg/165px-Or_three_leopards_sable.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Or_three_leopards_sable.svg/220px-Or_three_leopards_sable.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="735" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Coat of arms (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1220</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Swabia" title="Duchy of Swabia">Duchy of Swabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(medieval)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Italy (medieval)">Kingdom of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1079</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_of_B%C3%BCren" title="Frederick of Büren">Frederick of Büren</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Final ruler</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Conradin" title="Conradin">Conradin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Titles</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Swabia" title="Duke of Swabia">Duke of Swabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Italy" title="King of Italy">King of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Sicily">King of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Jerusalem" title="King of Jerusalem">King of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Romans" title="King of the Romans">King of the Romans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Burgundy" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Burgundy">King of Burgundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Burgundy" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Burgundy">Count of Burgundy</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dissolution</th><td class="infobox-data">1318<sup id="cite_ref-Gregorovius_2010_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gregorovius_2010-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Hohenstaufen</b> dynasty (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/aʊ/: 'ou' in 'mouth'">aʊ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/ən/: 'on' in 'button'">ən</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a> also </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/aʊ/: 'ou' in 'mouth'">aʊ</span></span>-/</a></span></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˌhoːənˈʃtaʊfn̩]</a></span>), also known as the <b>Staufer</b>, was a noble family of unclear origin that rose to rule the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Swabia" title="Duchy of Swabia">Duchy of Swabia</a> from 1079, and to <a href="/wiki/List_of_German_monarchs" title="List of German monarchs">royal rule</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> from 1138 until 1254.<sup id="cite_ref-grin_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grin-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dynasty's most prominent rulers – <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick I</a> (1155), <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VI</a> (1191) and <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a> (1220) – ascended the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">imperial throne</a> and also reigned over <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">Italy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burgundy-Arles" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Burgundy-Arles">Burgundy</a>. The non-contemporary name of 'Hohenstaufen' is derived from the family's <a href="/wiki/Hohenstaufen_Castle" title="Hohenstaufen Castle">Hohenstaufen Castle</a> on <a href="/wiki/Hohenstaufen_(mountain)" title="Hohenstaufen (mountain)">Hohenstaufen mountain</a> at the northern fringes of the <a href="/wiki/Swabian_Jura" title="Swabian Jura">Swabian Jura</a>, near the town of <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ppingen" title="Göppingen">Göppingen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under Hohenstaufen rule, the Holy Roman Empire reached its greatest territorial extent from 1155 to 1268.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hohenstaufen&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hohenstaufen_Castle_Ruins.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Hohenstaufen_Castle_Ruins.jpg/220px-Hohenstaufen_Castle_Ruins.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Hohenstaufen_Castle_Ruins.jpg/330px-Hohenstaufen_Castle_Ruins.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Hohenstaufen_Castle_Ruins.jpg/440px-Hohenstaufen_Castle_Ruins.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="684" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Hohenstaufen_Castle" title="Hohenstaufen Castle">Hohenstaufen Castle</a> ruin</figcaption></figure> <p>The name Hohenstaufen was first used in the 14th century to distinguish the 'high' (<i>hohen</i>) <a href="/wiki/Conical_hill" title="Conical hill">conical hill</a> named <a href="/wiki/Hohenstaufen_(mountain)" title="Hohenstaufen (mountain)">Staufen</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Swabian_Jura" title="Swabian Jura">Swabian Jura</a> (in the district of <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ppingen_(district)" title="Göppingen (district)">Göppingen</a>) from the village of the same name in the valley below. The new name was applied to the <a href="/wiki/Hill_castle" title="Hill castle">hill castle</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hohenstaufen_Castle" title="Hohenstaufen Castle">Staufen</a> by historians only in the 19th century to distinguish it from other castles of the same name. The name of the dynasty followed suit, but in recent decades, the trend in German <a href="/wiki/Historiography" title="Historiography">historiography</a> has been to prefer the name 'Staufer', which is closer to contemporary usage.<sup id="cite_ref-EF_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EF-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-grin_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grin-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name 'Staufen' itself derives from <i>Stauf</i> (<a href="/wiki/Old_High_German" title="Old High German">OHG</a> <i>stouf</i>, akin to <a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_English" title="Early Modern English">Early Modern English</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stoup" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:stoup">stoup</a>), meaning '<a href="/wiki/Chalice" title="Chalice">chalice</a>'. This term was commonly applied to conical hills in Swabia during the Middle Ages.<sup id="cite_ref-EF_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EF-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a contemporary term for both the hill and the castle, although its spelling in the <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Latin" title="Medieval Latin">Latin</a> documents of the time varies considerably: <span title="Medieval Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Sthouf, Stophe, Stophen, Stoyphe, Estufin</i></span>, etc. The castle was built or at least acquired by Duke <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I_of_Swabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick I of Swabia">Frederick I of Swabia</a> in the latter half of the 11th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Freed_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freed-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Keller1823_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keller1823-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Members of the family occasionally used the <a href="/wiki/Toponymic_surname" title="Toponymic surname">toponymic surname</a> <i>de Stauf</i> or variants thereof. Only in the 13th century would the name come to be applied to the family as a whole. Around 1215, a chronicler referred to the "emperors of Stauf". In 1247, the Emperor Frederick II himself referred to his family as the <i>domus Stoffensis</i> (Staufer house), but this was an isolated instance. <a href="/wiki/Otto_of_Freising" title="Otto of Freising">Otto of Freising</a> (d. 1158) associated the Staufer with the town of <a href="/wiki/Waiblingen" title="Waiblingen">Waiblingen</a>, and around 1230, <a href="/wiki/Burchard_of_Ursberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Burchard of Ursberg">Burchard of Ursberg</a> referred to the Staufer as of the "royal lineage of the Waiblingens" (<i>regia stirps Waiblingensium</i>). The exact connection between the family and Waiblingen is not clear, but as a name for the family, it became very popular. The pro-imperial <a href="/wiki/Ghibelline" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghibelline">Ghibelline</a> faction of the Italian civic rivalries of the 13th and 14th centuries derived its name from Waiblingen.<sup id="cite_ref-Freed_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freed-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-grin_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grin-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Italian historiography, the Staufer are known as the <i>Svevi</i> (Swabians).<sup id="cite_ref-EF_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EF-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hohenstaufen&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The origin remains unclear, however, Staufer counts are mentioned in a document of emperor <a href="/wiki/Otto_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto III</a> in 987 as descendants of counts of the region of <i>Riesgau</i> near <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B6rdlingen" title="Nördlingen">Nördlingen</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Swabia" title="Duchy of Swabia">Duchy of Swabia</a>, who were related to the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bavaria" title="Duchy of Bavaria">Bavarian</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Sieghardinger" title="Sieghardinger">Sieghardinger</a></i> family. A local count Frederick (d. about 1075) is mentioned as progenitor in a pedigree drawn up by Abbot <a href="/wiki/Wibald" title="Wibald">Wibald of Stavelot</a> at the behest of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa in 1153. He held the office of a Swabian <a href="/wiki/Count_palatine" title="Count palatine">count palatine</a>; his son <a href="/wiki/Frederick_of_B%C3%BCren" title="Frederick of Büren">Frederick of Büren</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1020</span>–1053) married Hildegard of <a href="/wiki/Eguisheim" title="Eguisheim">Egisheim</a>-<a href="/wiki/County_of_Dagsburg" title="County of Dagsburg">Dagsburg</a> (d. 1094/95), a niece of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IX" title="Pope Leo IX">Pope Leo IX</a>. Their son <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Duke_of_Swabia" title="Frederick I, Duke of Swabia">Frederick I</a> was appointed <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Swabia" title="Duke of Swabia">Duke of Swabia</a> at Hohenstaufen Castle by the <a href="/wiki/Salian_dynasty" title="Salian dynasty">Salian</a> king <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV of Germany</a> in 1079.<sup id="cite_ref-Görich2011_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Görich2011-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-grin_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grin-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the same time, Duke Frederick I was engaged to the king's approximately seventeen-year-old daughter, <a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnes of Germany">Agnes</a>. Nothing is known about Frederick's life before this event, but he proved to be an imperial ally throughout Henry's struggles against other Swabian lords, namely <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_of_Rheinfelden" title="Rudolf of Rheinfelden">Rudolf of Rheinfelden</a>, Frederick's predecessor, and the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Z%C3%A4hringen" title="House of Zähringen">Zähringen</a> and <a href="/wiki/House_of_Welf" title="House of Welf">Welf</a> lords. Frederick's brother Otto was elevated to the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Strasbourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Strasbourg">Strasbourg bishopric</a> in 1082.<sup id="cite_ref-grin_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grin-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Muschka2012_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muschka2012-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon Frederick's death, he was succeeded by his son, Duke <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Duke_of_Swabia" title="Frederick II, Duke of Swabia">Frederick II</a>, in 1105. Frederick II remained a close ally of the Salians, he and his younger brother <a href="/wiki/Conrad_III_of_Germany" title="Conrad III of Germany">Conrad</a> were named the king's representatives in Germany when the king was in Italy. Around 1120, Frederick II married Judith of Bavaria from the rival <a href="/wiki/House_of_Welf" title="House of Welf">House of Welf</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Görich2011_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Görich2011-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stürner2019_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stürner2019-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ruling_in_Germany">Ruling in Germany</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hohenstaufen&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ruling in Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the last male member of the Salian dynasty, Emperor <a href="/wiki/Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry V</a>, died without heirs in 1125, a controversy arose about the succession. Duke <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Duke_of_Swabia" title="Frederick II, Duke of Swabia">Frederick II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conrad_III_of_Germany" title="Conrad III of Germany">Conrad</a>, the two current male Staufers, by their mother Agnes, were grandsons of late Emperor Henry IV and nephews of Henry V. Frederick attempted to succeed to the throne of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a> (formally known as the <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Romans" title="King of the Romans">King of the Romans</a>) through a customary election, but lost to the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Saxony" title="Duchy of Saxony">Saxon</a> duke <a href="/wiki/Lothair_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor">Lothair of Supplinburg</a>. A civil war between Frederick's dynasty and Lothair's ended with Frederick's submission in 1134. After Lothair's death in 1137, Frederick's brother Conrad was elected King as Conrad III.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Welf" title="House of Welf">Welf duke</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Proud" title="Henry the Proud">Henry the Proud</a>, son-in-law and heir of Lothair and the most powerful prince in Germany, who had been passed over in the election, refused to acknowledge the new king, Conrad III deprived him of all his territories, giving the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Saxony" title="Duchy of Saxony">Duchy of Saxony</a> to <a href="/wiki/Albert_the_Bear" title="Albert the Bear">Albert the Bear</a> and that of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bavaria" title="Duchy of Bavaria">Bavaria</a> to <a href="/wiki/Leopold_IV,_Margrave_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Leopold IV, Margrave of Austria">Leopold IV, Margrave of Austria</a>. In 1147, Conrad heard <a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Bernard of Clairvaux</a> preach the <a href="/wiki/Second_Crusade" title="Second Crusade">Second Crusade</a> at <a href="/wiki/Speyer" title="Speyer">Speyer</a>, and he agreed to join King <a href="/wiki/Louis_VII_of_France" title="Louis VII of France">Louis VII of France</a> in a great <a href="/wiki/Second_Crusade" title="Second Crusade">expedition</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a> which failed. </p><p>Conrad's brother Duke Frederick II died in 1147, and was succeeded in Swabia by his son, Duke <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick III</a>. When King Conrad III died without adult heir in 1152, Frederick also succeeded him, taking both German royal and Imperial titles.<sup id="cite_ref-myt_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-myt-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Frederick_Barbarossa">Frederick Barbarossa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hohenstaufen&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Frederick Barbarossa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick I</a> (Reign 2 January 1155 – 10 June 1190), known as Frederick Barbarossa because of his red beard, struggled throughout his reign to restore the power and prestige of the German monarchy against the dukes, whose power had grown both before and after the <a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a> under his Salian predecessors. As royal access to the resources of the church in Germany was much reduced, Frederick was forced to go to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(medieval)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Italy (medieval)">Italy</a> to find the finances needed to restore the king's power in Germany. He was soon crowned emperor in Italy, but decades of warfare on the peninsula yielded scant results. The <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papacy</a> and the prosperous city-states of the <a href="/wiki/Lombard_League" title="Lombard League">Lombard League</a> in northern Italy were traditional enemies, but the fear of Imperial domination caused them to join ranks to fight Frederick. Under the skilled leadership of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_III" title="Pope Alexander III">Pope Alexander III</a>, the alliance suffered many defeats but ultimately was able to deny the emperor a complete victory in Italy. Frederick returned to Germany. He had vanquished one notable opponent, his Welf cousin, Duke <a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Lion" title="Henry the Lion">Henry the Lion</a> of Saxony and <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bavaria" title="Duchy of Bavaria">Bavaria</a> in 1180, but his hopes of restoring the power and prestige of the monarchy seemed unlikely to be met by the end of his life.<sup id="cite_ref-Görich2011_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Görich2011-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During Frederick's long stays in Italy, the German princes became stronger and began a successful colonization of Slavic lands. Offers of reduced taxes and manorial duties enticed many Germans to settle in the east in the course of the <i><a href="/wiki/Ostsiedlung" title="Ostsiedlung">Ostsiedlung</a></i>. In 1163 Frederick waged a successful campaign against the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Poland_(1025%E2%80%931385)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)">Kingdom of Poland</a> in order to re-install the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Silesia" title="Duchy of Silesia">Silesian</a> dukes of the <a href="/wiki/Silesian_Piasts" title="Silesian Piasts">Piast</a> dynasty. With the German colonization, the Empire increased in size and came to include the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Pomerania" title="Duchy of Pomerania">Duchy of Pomerania</a>. A quickening economic life in Germany increased the number of towns and <a href="/wiki/Free_imperial_city" title="Free imperial city">Imperial cities</a>, and gave them greater importance. It was also during this period that castles and courts replaced monasteries as centers of culture. Growing out of this courtly culture, <a href="/wiki/Middle_High_German" title="Middle High German">Middle High German</a> literature reached its peak in lyrical love poetry, the <a href="/wiki/Minnesang" title="Minnesang">Minnesang</a>, and in narrative epic poems such as <i><a href="/wiki/Tristan" title="Tristan">Tristan</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Parzival" title="Parzival">Parzival</a></i>, and the <i><a href="/wiki/Nibelungenlied" title="Nibelungenlied">Nibelungenlied</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Barber2004_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barber2004-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Henry_VI">Henry VI</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hohenstaufen&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Henry VI"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Friedrich-barbarossa-und-soehne-welfenchronik_1-1000x1540.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Friedrich-barbarossa-und-soehne-welfenchronik_1-1000x1540.jpg/170px-Friedrich-barbarossa-und-soehne-welfenchronik_1-1000x1540.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Friedrich-barbarossa-und-soehne-welfenchronik_1-1000x1540.jpg/255px-Friedrich-barbarossa-und-soehne-welfenchronik_1-1000x1540.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Friedrich-barbarossa-und-soehne-welfenchronik_1-1000x1540.jpg/340px-Friedrich-barbarossa-und-soehne-welfenchronik_1-1000x1540.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1540" /></a><figcaption>Emperor Frederick Barbarossa and his sons King Henry VI and Duke <a href="/wiki/Frederick_V,_Duke_of_Swabia" title="Frederick V, Duke of Swabia">Frederick V of Swabia</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Welforum" title="Historia Welforum">Historia Welforum</a></i>, 1167/79, <a href="/wiki/Weingarten_Abbey" title="Weingarten Abbey">Weingarten Abbey</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Frederick died in 1190 while on the <a href="/wiki/Third_Crusade" title="Third Crusade">Third Crusade</a> and was succeeded by his son, <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VI</a>. Elected king even before his father's death, Henry went to <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> to be crowned emperor. He married <a href="/wiki/Constance_I_of_Sicily" title="Constance I of Sicily">Princess Constance of Sicily</a>, and deaths in his wife's family gave him claim of succession and possession of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a> in 1189 and 1194 respectively, a source of vast wealth. Henry failed to make royal and Imperial succession hereditary, but in 1196 he succeeded in gaining a pledge that his infant son <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick</a> would receive the German crown. Faced with difficulties in Italy and confident that he would realize his wishes in Germany at a later date, Henry returned to the south, where it appeared he might unify the peninsula under the Hohenstaufen name. After a series of military victories, however, he fell ill and died of natural causes in Sicily in 1197. His underage son Frederick could only succeed him in Sicily and Malta, while in the Empire the struggle between the House of Staufen and the House of Welf erupted once again.<sup id="cite_ref-Matthew1992_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matthew1992-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philip_of_Swabia">Philip of Swabia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hohenstaufen&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Philip of Swabia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because the election of a three-year-old boy to be German king appeared likely to make orderly rule difficult, the boy's uncle, Duke <a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Swabia" title="Philip of Swabia">Philip of Swabia</a>, brother of late Henry VI, was designated to serve in his place. Other factions however favoured a Welf candidate. In 1198, two rival kings were chosen: the Hohenstaufen Philip of Swabia and the son of the deprived Duke <a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Lion" title="Henry the Lion">Henry the Lion</a>, the Welf <a href="/wiki/Otto_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto IV</a>. A long civil war began; Philip was about to win when he was murdered by the Bavarian <a href="/wiki/Count_palatine" title="Count palatine">count palatine</a> Otto VIII of <a href="/wiki/Wittelsbach" class="mw-redirect" title="Wittelsbach">Wittelsbach</a> in 1208. <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_III" title="Pope Innocent III">Pope Innocent III</a> initially had supported the Welfs, but when Otto, now sole elected monarch, moved to appropriate Sicily, Innocent changed sides and accepted young Frederick II and his ally, King <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_France" title="Philip II of France">Philip II of France</a>, who defeated Otto at the 1214 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bouvines" title="Battle of Bouvines">Battle of Bouvines</a>. Frederick had returned to Germany in 1212 from Sicily, where he had grown up, and was elected king in 1215. When Otto died in 1218, Frederick became the undisputed ruler, and in 1220 was crowned <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a>. </p><p>Philip changed the coat of arms from a black lion on a gold shield to three leopards,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> probably derived from the arms of his Welf rival <a href="/wiki/Otto_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto IV</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ruling_in_Italy">Ruling in Italy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hohenstaufen&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ruling in Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The conflict between the Staufer dynasty and the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Welf" title="House of Welf">Welf</a> had irrevocably weakened the Imperial authority and the <a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_southern_Italy#Conquest_of_Sicily,_1061–1091" title="Norman conquest of southern Italy">Norman kingdom of Sicily</a> became the base for Staufer rule. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Frederick_II">Frederick II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hohenstaufen&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Frederick II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Frederick_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Frederick II">Emperor Frederick II</a> was the most brilliant and extraordinary of the Hohenstaufen<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but he spent little time in Germany. His main concerns lay in Italy and the Kingdom of Sicily, where he ruled as an absolute monarch supported by a sophisticated administrative apparatus. The institutions of Sicily and Italy seemed to be better political laboratories, more conducive to Frederick’s remarkable brand of innovation and absolutist tendencies. He founded the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Naples">University of Naples</a> in 1224 to train future state officials and reigned over Germany primarily through the allocation of royal prerogatives, leaving the sovereign authority and imperial estates to the ecclesiastical and secular princes. In 1232, Henry (VII), King of Germany and Frederick’s eldest son, was forced by the German princes to promulgate the <i><a href="/wiki/Statutum_in_favorem_principum" title="Statutum in favorem principum">Statutum in favorem principum</a></i> ("statute in favor of princes"). Frederick II, embittered but aiming to promote cohesion in Germany in preparation for his campaigns in northern Italy, pragmatically agreed to Henry’s confirmation of the charter. It was a charter of liberties for the leading German princes at the expense of the lesser nobility and the entirety of the commoners. The princes gained whole power of jurisdiction, and the power to strike their own coins. The emperor lost his right to establish new cities, castles and mints over their territories. The <i>Statutum</i> was more a confirmation of political realities which had existed for generations in Germany than a wholesale denuding of royal power and it did not prevent imperial officials from enforcing Frederick’s prerogatives. The <i>Statutum</i> affirmed a division of labor between the emperor and the princes and laid much groundwork for the development of particularism and, perhaps even federalism in Germany. Even so, from 1232 the vassals of the emperor had a veto over imperial legislative decisions and any new law established by the emperor had to be approved by the princes. These provisions not withstanding, royal power in Germany remained strong under Frederick. </p><p>By the 1240s the crown was almost as rich in fiscal resources, towns, castles, enfeoffed retinues, monasteries, ecclesiastical advocacies, manors, tolls, and all other rights, revenues, and jurisdictions as it had ever been at any time since the death of Henry VI. It is unlikely that a particularly “strong ruler” such as Frederick II would have even pragmatically agreed to legislation that was concessionary rather than cooperative, neither would the princes have insisted on such. Frederick II used the political loyalty and practical jurisdictions of the German aristocracy to support his kingly duty of imposing peace, order, and justice upon the German realm. This is shown clearly in the imperial <a href="/wiki/Landfrieden" title="Landfrieden">Landfried</a> issued at Mainz in 1235, which explicitly enjoined the princes as loyal vassals to exercise their own jurisdictions in their own localities. The jurisdictional autarky of the German princes was favoured by the crown itself in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries in the interests of order and local peace. The inevitable result was the territorial particularism of churchmen, lay princes, and interstitial cities. However, Frederick II was a ruler of vast territories and “could not be everywhere at once”. The transference of jurisdiction was a practical solution to secure the further support of the German princes.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Castel_del_Monte_-_Andria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Castel_del_Monte_-_Andria.jpg/220px-Castel_del_Monte_-_Andria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Castel_del_Monte_-_Andria.jpg/330px-Castel_del_Monte_-_Andria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Castel_del_Monte_-_Andria.jpg/440px-Castel_del_Monte_-_Andria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8294" data-file-height="5966" /></a><figcaption>Frederick's <a href="/wiki/Castel_del_Monte_(Apulia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Castel del Monte (Apulia)">Castel del Monte</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Andria,_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Andria, Italy">Andria</a>, Apulia, Italy.</figcaption></figure> <p>By the 1226 <a href="/wiki/Golden_Bull_of_Rimini" title="Golden Bull of Rimini">Golden Bull of Rimini</a>, Frederick had assigned the military order of the <a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Knights" class="mw-redirect" title="Teutonic Knights">Teutonic Knights</a> to complete the conquest and conversion of the <a href="/wiki/Prussia_(region)" title="Prussia (region)">Prussian</a> lands. A reconciliation with the Welfs took place in 1235, whereby <a href="/wiki/Otto_I,_Duke_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg" title="Otto I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg">Otto the Child</a>, grandson of the late Saxon duke Henry the Lion, was named <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg">Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg</a>. The power struggle with the popes continued and resulted in Frederick's <a href="/wiki/Excommunication" title="Excommunication">excommunication</a> in 1227. In 1239, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_IX" title="Pope Gregory IX">Pope Gregory IX</a> excommunicated Frederick again, and in 1245 he was condemned as a heretic by a church council. Although Frederick II was perhaps one of the most energetic, imaginative, and capable rulers of the entire Middle Ages, he seemed to be less concerned with drawing the disparate forces in Germany together. Frederick was pragmatic enough to realize that for all his ability and power, his time and focus could only be fully concentrated either north or south of the Alps, where the bulk of his resources lay. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frederick_II_and_eagle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Frederick_II_and_eagle.jpg/170px-Frederick_II_and_eagle.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Frederick_II_and_eagle.jpg/255px-Frederick_II_and_eagle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Frederick_II_and_eagle.jpg/340px-Frederick_II_and_eagle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="593" data-file-height="818" /></a><figcaption>Frederick II with his falcon, from <i><a href="/wiki/De_arte_venandi_cum_avibus" title="De arte venandi cum avibus">De arte venandi cum avibus</a></i>, c. 1240, <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Library" title="Vatican Library">Vatican Library</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Frederick II’s most profound legal legacy remains the <a href="/wiki/Constitutions_of_Melfi" title="Constitutions of Melfi">Constitutions of Melfi</a> promulgated in 1231 in the Kingdom of Sicily. The sophistication of the Constitutions or the <i>Liber Augustalis</i> set Frederick as perhaps the supreme lawgiver of the Middle Ages.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Constitutions drew upon decades of Siculo-Norman governmental tradition stretching back to his maternal grandfather, <a href="/wiki/Roger_II_of_Sicily" title="Roger II of Sicily">Roger II of Sicily</a>. Almost every aspect in Frederick’s tightly-governed kingdom was regulated, from a rigorously centralized judiciary and bureaucracy, to commerce, coinage, financial policy, weights and measures, legal equality for all citizens, protections for women, and even provisions for the environment and public health. Per the Constitutions, Frederick II was <i><a href="/wiki/Lex_animata" title="Lex animata">lex animata</a></i> and ruled as an absolute monarch. The Constitutions have been regarded as perhaps the “birth certificate” of the modern continental European state.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1240, Frederick II was determined to push through far-reaching reforms to establish the Sicilian kingdom and Imperial Italy as a unified state bound by a centralized administration. The new unified administration was taken over directly by the emperor and his highly trained Sicilian officials whose jurisdiction now ranged across all of Italy. For the rest of Frederick’s reign, there was a continuous movement toward the extension and perfection of this new unified administrative system, with the emperor himself as the driving force.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Cleve1972446_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Cleve1972446-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite his mighty efforts however, Frederick’s unified Italian state proved ephemeral after his death. The vicars and captains-general provided the prototype for the great signori who dominated Italy in later generations, each a petty sovereign in Frederick’s image—some even continued to claim the title of imperial vicar.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mitteleuropa_zur_Zeit_der_Staufer.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Mitteleuropa_zur_Zeit_der_Staufer.svg/220px-Mitteleuropa_zur_Zeit_der_Staufer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Mitteleuropa_zur_Zeit_der_Staufer.svg/330px-Mitteleuropa_zur_Zeit_der_Staufer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Mitteleuropa_zur_Zeit_der_Staufer.svg/440px-Mitteleuropa_zur_Zeit_der_Staufer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="8291" data-file-height="10793" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> at its greatest extent under Emperor Frederick II.</figcaption></figure> <p>By the time of Frederick's death in 1250, the crown in Germany was still formidable and <a href="/wiki/Conrad_IV,_King_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Conrad IV, King of Germany">Conrad IV</a>, Frederick’s eldest surviving legitimate son and heir, enjoyed a strong position. However after Conrad’s death in 1254, The <a href="/wiki/Great_Interregnum" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Interregnum">Great Interregnum</a> followed which saw several rival claimants elected as King of the Romans in Germany. None of these claimants were able to achieve any position of authority much less the power and imperial grandeur of the Hohenstaufen. The German princes vied for individual advantage and managed to strip many powers away from the diminished monarchy. Rather than establish sovereign states however, many nobles tended to look after their families. Their many male heirs created more and smaller estates, and from a largely free class of officials previously formed, many of these assumed or acquired hereditary rights to administrative and legal offices. These trends compounded political fragmentation within Germany. The period was ended in 1273 with the election of <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_I_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolph I of Germany">Rudolph of Habsburg</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Godparent" title="Godparent">godson</a> of Frederick.<sup id="cite_ref-Abulafia1992_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abulafia1992-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="End_of_the_Staufer_dynasty">End of the Staufer dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hohenstaufen&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: End of the Staufer dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Conrad IV was succeeded as duke of Swabia by his only son, two-year-old <a href="/wiki/Conradin" title="Conradin">Conradin</a>. By this time, the office of duke of Swabia had been fully subsumed into the office of the king, and without royal authority had become meaningless. In 1261, attempts to elect young Conradin king were unsuccessful. He also had to defend Sicily against an invasion, sponsored by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_IV" title="Pope Urban IV">Pope Urban IV</a> (Jacques Pantaléon) and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_IV" title="Pope Clement IV">Pope Clement IV</a> (Guy Folques), by <a href="/wiki/Charles_of_Anjou" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles of Anjou">Charles of Anjou</a>, a brother of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">French</a> king. Charles had been promised by the popes the Kingdom of Sicily, where he would replace the relatives of Frederick II. Charles had defeated Conradin's uncle <a href="/wiki/Manfred,_King_of_Sicily" title="Manfred, King of Sicily">Manfred, King of Sicily</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Benevento" title="Battle of Benevento">Battle of Benevento</a> on 26 February 1266. The king himself, refusing to flee, rushed into the midst of his enemies and was killed. Conradin's campaign to retake control ended with his defeat in 1268 at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tagliacozzo" title="Battle of Tagliacozzo">Battle of Tagliacozzo</a>, after which he was handed over to Charles, who had him publicly <a href="/wiki/Executed" class="mw-redirect" title="Executed">executed</a> at <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>. With Conradin, the direct line of the Dukes of Swabia finally ceased to exist, though most of the later emperors were descended from the Staufer dynasty indirectly.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Benjamin2010_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benjamin2010-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The last member of the dynasty was Manfred's son, Henry [Enrico], who died in captivity at <a href="/wiki/Castel_dell%27Ovo" title="Castel dell'Ovo">Castel dell'Ovo</a> on 31 October 1318.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gregorovius_2010_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gregorovius_2010-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the political decentralization of the late Staufer period, the population had grown from an estimated 8 million in 1200 to about 14 million in 1300, and the number of towns increased tenfold. The most heavily urbanized areas of Germany were in the south and the west. Towns often developed a degree of independence, but many were subordinate to local rulers if not <a href="/wiki/Imperial_immediacy" title="Imperial immediacy">immediate</a> to the emperor. Colonization of the east also continued in the thirteenth century, most notably through the efforts of the Teutonic Knights. German merchants also began trading extensively on the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_region" title="Baltic region">Baltic</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hohenstaufen&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cheb-stauferstele.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Cheb-stauferstele.jpg/220px-Cheb-stauferstele.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Cheb-stauferstele.jpg/330px-Cheb-stauferstele.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Cheb-stauferstele.jpg/440px-Cheb-stauferstele.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2436" data-file-height="3360" /></a><figcaption>A Staufer stele in <a href="/wiki/Cheb" title="Cheb">Cheb</a>, Czech Republic (2013)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Kyffh%C3%A4user_Monument" title="Kyffhäuser Monument">Kyffhäuser Monument</a> was erected to commemorate Frederick I, and was inaugurated in 1896. </p><p>On October 29, 1968, the 700th anniversary of the death of Konradin, a society known as "Society for Staufer History" (<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesellschaft_f%C3%BCr_staufische_Geschichte" class="extiw" title="de:Gesellschaft für staufische Geschichte">de</a>) was founded in <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ppingen" title="Göppingen">Göppingen</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Castel_del_Monte,_Apulia" title="Castel del Monte, Apulia">Castel del Monte, Apulia</a> which was built during the 1240s by the Emperor Frederick II was designated as a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> in 1996. </p><p>The German artist, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Kloss_(artist)" title="Hans Kloss (artist)">Hans Kloss</a>, painted his <i><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staufer-Rundbild" class="extiw" title="de:Staufer-Rundbild">Staufer-Rundbild</a></i> depicting in great detail the history of the House of Hohenstaufen, in <a href="/wiki/Lorch_Monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorch Monastery">Lorch Monastery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 2000 to 2018, the Committee of Staufer Friends (<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komitee_der_Stauferfreunde" class="extiw" title="de:Komitee der Stauferfreunde">de</a>) has built thirty-eight Staufer steles (<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stauferstele" class="extiw" title="de:Stauferstele">de</a>) in Germany, France, Italy, Austria, Czech Republic and the Netherlands.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Members_of_the_Hohenstaufen_family">Members of the Hohenstaufen family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hohenstaufen&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Members of the Hohenstaufen family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Staufen_dynasty.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Staufen_dynasty.JPG/220px-Staufen_dynasty.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Staufen_dynasty.JPG/330px-Staufen_dynasty.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Staufen_dynasty.JPG/440px-Staufen_dynasty.JPG 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>Family tree of the Hohenstaufen emperors including their relation to succeeding dynasties</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_7_of_Germany.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Henry_7_of_Germany.jpg/220px-Henry_7_of_Germany.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Henry_7_of_Germany.jpg/330px-Henry_7_of_Germany.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Henry_7_of_Germany.jpg/440px-Henry_7_of_Germany.jpg 2x" data-file-width="503" data-file-height="455" /></a><figcaption>Seal of <a href="/wiki/Henry_(VII)_of_Germany" title="Henry (VII) of Germany">Henry II of Swabia</a> (dated 1216) shows him as a mounted knight with a shield and banner displaying <i>three leopards</i> (<i>three lions passant guardant</i>)as the Hohenstaufen coat of arms; the three lions (later shown just <i>passant</i>) would later become known as the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Coat of arms of Württemberg">Swabian coat of arms</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Holy_Roman_Emperors_and_Kings_of_the_Romans">Holy Roman Emperors and Kings of the Romans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hohenstaufen&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Holy Roman Emperors and Kings of the Romans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_III_of_Germany" title="Conrad III of Germany">Conrad III</a>, king 1138–1152</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick Barbarossa</a>, king 1152–1190, emperor after 1155</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VI</a>, king 1190–1197, emperor after 1191</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Swabia" title="Philip of Swabia">Philip of Swabia</a>, king 1198–1208</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a>, king 1208–1250, emperor after 1220</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_(VII)_of_Germany" title="Henry (VII) of Germany">Henry (VII)</a>, king 1220–1235 (under his father Emperor Frederick II)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_IV_of_Germany" title="Conrad IV of Germany">Conrad IV</a>, king 1237–1254 (until 1250 under his father Emperor Frederick II)</li></ul> <p>The first ruling Hohenstaufen, Conrad III, like the last one, Conrad IV, was never crowned emperor. After a 20-year period (Great <a href="/wiki/Interregnum" title="Interregnum">interregnum</a> 1254–1273), the first <a href="/wiki/Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg">Habsburg</a> was elected king. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kings_of_Italy">Kings of Italy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hohenstaufen&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Kings of Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Note: The following kings are already listed above as German Kings</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_III_of_Germany" title="Conrad III of Germany">Conrad III</a> 1128–1135</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick I</a> 1154–1190</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VI</a> 1191–1197</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kings_of_Sicily">Kings of Sicily</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hohenstaufen&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Kings of Sicily"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Manfred_of_Sicily_Arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/King_Manfred_of_Sicily_Arms.svg/170px-King_Manfred_of_Sicily_Arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/King_Manfred_of_Sicily_Arms.svg/255px-King_Manfred_of_Sicily_Arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/King_Manfred_of_Sicily_Arms.svg/340px-King_Manfred_of_Sicily_Arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="831" data-file-height="970" /></a><figcaption>Arms of the Hohenstaufen Sicily</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Note: Some of the following kings are already listed above as German Kings</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VI</a> 1194–1197</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick</a> 1198–1250 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_(VII)_of_Germany" title="Henry (VII) of Germany">Henry (VII)</a> 1212–1217 (nominal king under his father)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_IV_of_Germany" title="Conrad IV of Germany">Conrad</a> 1250–1254</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conradin" title="Conradin">Conradin</a> 1254–1258/1268</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Manfred of Sicily">Manfred</a> 1258–1266</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_of_Sicily,_Queen_of_Aragon" class="mw-redirect" title="Constance of Sicily, Queen of Aragon">Constance II</a> (Queen) 1282–1285</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dukes_of_Swabia">Dukes of Swabia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hohenstaufen&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Dukes of Swabia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Note: Some of the following dukes are already listed above as German Kings</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Duke_of_Swabia" title="Frederick I, Duke of Swabia">Frederick I, Duke of Swabia</a> (<i>Friedrich</i>) (r. 1079–1105)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Duke_of_Swabia" title="Frederick II, Duke of Swabia">Frederick II, Duke of Swabia</a> (r. 1105–1147)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor</a> (Frederick III of Swabia)(r. 1147–1152) <i>King in 1152 and <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a> in 1155</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_IV,_Duke_of_Swabia" title="Frederick IV, Duke of Swabia">Frederick IV, Duke of Swabia</a> (r. 1152–1167)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_V,_Duke_of_Swabia" title="Frederick V, Duke of Swabia">Frederick V, Duke of Swabia</a> (r. 1167–1170)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_VI,_Duke_of_Swabia" title="Frederick VI, Duke of Swabia">Frederick VI, Duke of Swabia</a> (r. 1170–1191)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Duke_of_Swabia" title="Conrad II, Duke of Swabia">Conrad II, Duke of Swabia</a> (r. 1191–1196)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Swabia" title="Philip of Swabia">Philip of Swabia</a> (r. 1196–1208) <i>King in 1198</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor</a> (r. 1212–1216) <i>King in 1212 and <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a> in 1220</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_(VII)_of_Germany" title="Henry (VII) of Germany">Henry (VII) of Germany</a> (r. 1216–1235), <i>King 1220–1235</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_IV_of_Germany" title="Conrad IV of Germany">Conrad IV</a> (r. 1235–1254) <i>King in 1237</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conradin" title="Conradin">Conrad V (Conradin)</a> (r. 1254–1268)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_tree_of_the_House_of_Hohenstaufen">Family tree of the House of Hohenstaufen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hohenstaufen&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Family tree of the House of Hohenstaufen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><br /> </p> <table class="collapsible expanded" style="margin: 0.3em auto auto; clear:none; min-width:60em; width:auto; font-size:85%; border:1px solid #aaa"> <tbody><tr> <th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none; color: inherit; width:auto">Simplified Hohenstaufen Dynasty family tree </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_of_B%C3%BCren" title="Frederick of Büren">Frederick of Büren</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Duke_of_Swabia" title="Frederick I, Duke of Swabia">Frederick I</a><br />duke of Swabia</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Waiblingen" title="Agnes of Waiblingen">Agnes of Waiblingen</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Salian_dynasty" title="Salian dynasty">SALIAN</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Duke_of_Swabia" title="Frederick II, Duke of Swabia">Frederick II</a><br />duke of Swabia</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">1.<a href="/wiki/Judith_of_Bavaria,_Duchess_of_Swabia" title="Judith of Bavaria, Duchess of Swabia">Judith of Bavaria</a><br />2.Agnes of Saarbrücken</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_(1486-c.1700).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg/30px-Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg/45px-Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg/60px-Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="496" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Conrad_III_of_Germany" title="Conrad III of Germany">Conrad III</a><br /><b>king of Germany</b></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">1.<a href="/wiki/Gertrude_of_Comburg" title="Gertrude of Comburg">Gertrude of Comburg</a><br />2.<a href="/wiki/Gertrude_of_Sulzbach" title="Gertrude of Sulzbach">Gertrude of Sulzbach</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">1.<a href="/wiki/Adelaide_of_Vohburg" title="Adelaide of Vohburg">Adelaide of Vohburg</a><br />2.<a href="/wiki/Beatrice_I,_Countess_of_Burgundy" title="Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy">Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_(1486-c.1700).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg/30px-Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg/45px-Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg/60px-Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="496" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick I</a> Barbarossa<br /><b>king of Germany</b>,<br />III as duke of Swabia</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Conrad,_Count_Palatine_of_the_Rhine" title="Conrad, Count Palatine of the Rhine">Conrad</a><br />count palatine of the Rhine</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">1.(daughter of<br />Gottfried I of Sponheim)<br />2.Irmengard of Henneberg</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_(1486-c.1700).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg/30px-Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg/45px-Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg/60px-Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="496" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Henry_Berengar" title="Henry Berengar">Henry Berengar</a><br />co-king of Germany</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_IV,_Duke_of_Swabia" title="Frederick IV, Duke of Swabia">Frederick IV</a><br />duke of Swabia<br /><small>⚭ <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_of_Bavaria" title="Gertrude of Bavaria">Gertrude of Bavaria</a></small></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_V,_Duke_of_Swabia" title="Frederick V, Duke of Swabia">Frederick V</a><br />duke of Swabia</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_(1486-c.1700).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg/30px-Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg/45px-Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg/60px-Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="496" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VI</a><br /><b>king of Germany</b><br /><small>⚭ <a href="/wiki/Constance_I_of_Sicily" title="Constance I of Sicily">Constance, Queen of Sicily</a></small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_VI,_Duke_of_Swabia" title="Frederick VI, Duke of Swabia">Frederick VI</a><br />duke of Swabia</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Otto_I,_Count_of_Burgundy" title="Otto I, Count of Burgundy">Otto I</a><br />count of Burgundy<br /><small>⚭ <a href="/wiki/Margaret,_Countess_of_Blois" title="Margaret, Countess of Blois">Margaret, Countess of Blois</a></small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Duke_of_Swabia" title="Conrad II, Duke of Swabia">Conrad II</a><br />duke of Swabia<br /><small>⚭ <a href="/wiki/Berengaria_of_Castile" title="Berengaria of Castile">Berengaria of Castile</a></small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_(1486-c.1700).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg/30px-Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg/45px-Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg/60px-Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="496" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Swabia" title="Philip of Swabia">Philip</a><br /><b>king of Germany</b>,<br />duke of Swabia<br /><small>⚭ <a href="/wiki/Irene_Angelina" title="Irene Angelina">Irene Angelina</a></small></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_(1486-c.1700).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg/30px-Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg/45px-Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg/60px-Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="496" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a><br /><b>king of Germany</b>,<br />I as king of Sicily,<br />VII as duke of Swabia</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">1.<a href="/wiki/Constance_of_Aragon,_Holy_Roman_Empress" title="Constance of Aragon, Holy Roman Empress">Constance of Aragon</a><br />2.<a href="/wiki/Isabella_II_of_Jerusalem" title="Isabella II of Jerusalem">Isabella II of Jerusalem</a><br />3.<a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_England" title="Isabella of England">Isabella of England</a><br />4.<a href="/wiki/Bianca_Lancia" title="Bianca Lancia">Bianca Lancia</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_(1486-c.1700).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg/30px-Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg/45px-Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg/60px-Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="496" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Henry_(VII)_of_Germany" title="Henry (VII) of Germany">Henry</a><br /><b>king of Germany</b>,<br />II duke of Swabia,<br />III King of Sicily, Italy,<br /><small>⚭ <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Austria,_Queen_of_Bohemia" title="Margaret of Austria, Queen of Bohemia">Margaret of Austria</a></small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_(1486-c.1700).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg/30px-Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg/45px-Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg/60px-Heraldic_Royal_Crown_of_the_King_of_the_Romans_%281486-c.1700%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="496" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Conrad_IV_of_Germany" title="Conrad IV of Germany">Conrad IV</a><br /><b>king of Germany</b>,<br />I as king of Sicily,<br />III as duke of Swabia<br /><small>⚭ <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Bavaria,_Queen_of_Germany" title="Elisabeth of Bavaria, Queen of Germany">Elisabeth of Bavaria</a></small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Anna_of_Hohenstaufen" title="Anna of Hohenstaufen">(Constance) Anna</a><br /><small>⚭ <a href="/wiki/John_III_Doukas_Vatatzes" title="John III Doukas Vatatzes">John III Doukas Vatatzes</a><br />Roman Emperor</small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Manfred,_King_of_Sicily" title="Manfred, King of Sicily">Manfred</a><br />king of Sicily</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">1.<a href="/wiki/Beatrice_of_Savoy,_Marchioness_of_Saluzzo" title="Beatrice of Savoy, Marchioness of Saluzzo">Beatrice of Savoy</a><br />2.<a href="/wiki/Helena_Angelina_Doukaina" title="Helena Angelina Doukaina">Helena</a><br />Angelina Doukaina<br />of Epirus</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Conradin" title="Conradin">Conradin</a><br />II as king of Sicily,<br />IV as duke of Swabia</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Constance_of_Sicily,_Queen_of_Aragon" class="mw-redirect" title="Constance of Sicily, Queen of Aragon">Constance</a><br /><small>⚭ <a href="/wiki/Peter_III_of_Aragon" title="Peter III of Aragon">Peter III of Aragon</a></small></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin: 0.3em auto auto; clear:none; min-width:100%; width:100%; font-size:85%; border:1px solid #aaa"> <tbody><tr> <th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none; color: inherit; width:100%">Detailed Hohenstaufen Dynasty family tree </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> <p>The colors denotes the <b>monarchs</b> from the Houses of: </p><p><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FDEE00; color:black;"> </span> - Hohenstaufen (1138–1208; 1215–1254) </p><p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; color:black;"> </span> - <a href="/wiki/Supplinburger_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Supplinburger dynasty">Süpplinburg</a> (1125–1137) </p><p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#84DE02; color:black;"> </span> - <a href="/wiki/House_of_Welf" title="House of Welf">Welf</a> (1208–1215) </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; margin: 0 auto; font-size:112%"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lothair_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Lothair II, Holy Roman Emperor">Lothair II</a><br /><small>King of Germany<br />1075–1137<br /><b>r.1125–1137</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">HRE</a><br />r.<b>1133–1137</b></small></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Richenza_of_Northeim" title="Richenza of Northeim">Richenza</a><br /><small>of Northeim<br />c.1087/1089–<br />1141</small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Henry_IX,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria">Henry IX</a><br /><small>Duke of Bavaria<br />1075–1126<br /><b>r.1120–1126</b></small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Duke_of_Swabia" title="Frederick I, Duke of Swabia">Frederick I</a><br /><small>Duke of Swabia<br />1050–1105<br /><b>r.1079–1105</b></small></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnes of Germany">Agnes</a><br /><small>of Germany<br />1072–1143</small></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Leopold_III,_Margrave_of_Austria" title="Leopold III, Margrave of Austria">Leopold III</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Margrave" title="Margrave">Mgve</a> of Austria<br />1073–1136<br /><b>r.1095–1136</b></small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_of_S%C3%BCpplingenburg" title="Gertrude of Süpplingenburg">Gertrude</a><br /><small>1115–1143</small></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Henry_X,_Duke_of_Bavaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry X, Duke of Bavaria">Henry X<br /><small>the Proud</small></a><br /><small>Duke of<br /> Bavaria<br />c.1108–1139</small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Judith_of_Bavaria,_Duchess_of_Swabia" title="Judith of Bavaria, Duchess of Swabia">Judith</a><br /><small>of Bavaria<br />1103–1131</small></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Duke_of_Swabia" title="Frederick II, Duke of Swabia">Frederick II</a><br /><small>Duke of Swabia<br />1090–1147<br /><b>r.1105–1147</b></small></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em">Agnes <br /><small>of Saarbrücken<br />d. c.1147</small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_of_Comburg" title="Gertrude of Comburg">Gertrude</a><br /><small>of Comburg<br />d.1130/1131</small></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#FDEE00"><a href="/wiki/Conrad_III_of_Germany" title="Conrad III of Germany">Conrad III</a><br /><small>King of Germany<br />1093–1152<br /><b>r.1138–1152</b></small></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_of_Sulzbach" title="Gertrude of Sulzbach">Gertrude</a><br /><small>of Sulzbach<br />c.1110–1146</small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Lion" title="Henry the Lion">Henry<br /><small>the Lion</small></a><br /><small>Duke of <br />Bavaria<br />1129–1195</small></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_England,_Duchess_of_Saxony" title="Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony">Matilda</a><br /><small>of England<br />1156–1189</small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Matthias_I,_Duke_of_Lorraine" title="Matthias I, Duke of Lorraine">Matthias I</a><br /><small>Duke of <br />Lorraine<br />1119–1176<br /><b>r.1138–1176</b></small></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em">Bertha<br /><small>1123–1195</small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_of_Vohburg" title="Adelaide of Vohburg">Adelaide</a><br /><small>of Vohburg<br />1135–1190</small></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#FDEE00"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick I<br /><small>Barbarossa</small></a><br /><small>King of Germany<br />1122–1190<br /><b>r.1152–1190</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">HRE</a><br />r.<b>1155–1190</b></small></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_I,_Countess_of_Burgundy" title="Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy">Beatrice I</a><br /><small>Css. of Burgundy<br />1143–1184<br /><b>r.1148–1184</b></small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Conrad,_Count_Palatine_of_the_Rhine" title="Conrad, Count Palatine of the Rhine">Conrad</a><br /><small>Count Palatine<br />of the Rhine<br />1135–1195<br /><b>r.1156–1195</b></small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Judith_of_Hohenstaufen" title="Judith of Hohenstaufen">Judith</a><br /><small>of <br />Hohenstaufen<br />≈1133–1191</small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#FDEE00"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Berengar" title="Henry Berengar">Henry<br /><small>Berengar</small></a><br /><small>King of Germany<br />1136–1150<br /><b>r.1147–1150</b></small>></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_IV,_Duke_of_Swabia" title="Frederick IV, Duke of Swabia">Frederick IV</a><br /><small>Duke of Swabia<br />1145–1167<br /><b>r.1152–1167</b></small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Irene_Angelina" title="Irene Angelina">Irene<br />Angelina</a><br /><small>c.1181–1208</small></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#FDEE00"><a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Swabia" title="Philip of Swabia">Philip<br /><small>of Swabia</small></a><br /><small>King of Germany<br />1177–1208<br /><b>r.1198–1208</b></small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em">Beatrice<br /><small>1162–1174</small></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/William_II_of_Sicily" title="William II of Sicily">William II<br /><small>the Good</small></a><br /><small>King of Sicily<br />1155–1189<br /><b>r.1166–1189</b></small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_V,_Duke_of_Swabia" title="Frederick V, Duke of Swabia">Frederick V</a><br /><small>Duke of Swabia<br />1164–1170<br /><b>r.1167–1170</b></small></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_VI,_Duke_of_Swabia" title="Frederick VI, Duke of Swabia">Frederick VI</a><br /><small>Duke of Swabia<br />1167–1191<br /><b>r.1170–1191</b></small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Joan_I,_Countess_of_Burgundy" title="Joan I, Countess of Burgundy">Joan I</a><br /><small>Css. of Burgundy<br />1191–1205<br /><b>r.1200–1205</b></small></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Otto_I,_Count_of_Burgundy" title="Otto I, Count of Burgundy">Otto I</a><br /><small>Ct of Burgundy<br />btw.1167/1171<br />–1200<br /><b>r.1190–1200</b></small></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_II,_Countess_of_Burgundy" title="Beatrice II, Countess of Burgundy">Beatrice II</a><br /><small>Css. of Burgundy<br />1193–1231<br /><b>r.1205–1231</b></small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Duke_of_Swabia" title="Conrad II, Duke of Swabia">Conrad II</a><br /><small>Duke of Swabia<br />1173–1196<br /><b>r.1191–1196</b></small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#84DE02"><a href="/wiki/Otto_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto IV</a><br /><small>King of Germany<br />1175–1218<br /><b>r.1198–1209</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">HRE</a><br />r.<b>1209–1215</b></small></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_of_Swabia" title="Beatrice of Swabia">Beatrice</a><br /><small>of Swabia<br />1198–1212</small></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Kunigunde_of_Hohenstaufen" title="Kunigunde of Hohenstaufen">Kunigunde</a><br /><small>of Swabia<br />1202–1248</small></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_I_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus I of Bohemia">Wenceslaus<br />I</a><br /><small>King of Bohemia<br />≈1205–1253<br /><b>1230–1253</b></small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em">Renaud<br /><small>1173</small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#FDEE00"><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VI</a><br /><small>King of Germany<br />1165–1197<br /><b>r.1169–1197</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">HRE</a><br />r.<b>1191–1197</b></small></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Constance_I_of_Sicily" title="Constance I of Sicily">Constance</a><br /><small>Queen of Sicily<br />1154–1198<br /><b>r.1194–1198</b></small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em">William<br /><small>1176</small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em">Agnes<br /><small>1181–1184</small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em">Gisela<br /><small>1168–1184</small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Duke_of_Brabant" title="Henry II, Duke of Brabant">Henry II</a><br /><small>Duke of<br /> Brabant<br />1207–1248<br /><b>r.1235–1248</b></small></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Maria_of_Swabia" title="Maria of Swabia">Maria</a><br /><small>of Swabia<br />1201–1235</small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Swabia" title="Elisabeth of Swabia">Elisabeth</a><br /><small>of Swabia<br />1205–1235</small></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III_of_Castile" title="Ferdinand III of Castile">Ferdinand III</a><br /><small>King of Castile<br />1199/1201–1252</small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Constance_of_Aragon,_Holy_Roman_Empress" title="Constance of Aragon, Holy Roman Empress">Constance</a><br /><small>of Aragon<br />1179–1222</small></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#FDEE00"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a><br /><small>King of Germany<br />1194–1250<br /><b>r.1212–1250</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">HRE</a><br />r.<b>1220–1250</b></small></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;border-bottom:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Isabella_II_of_Jerusalem" title="Isabella II of Jerusalem">Isabella II</a><br /><small>Queen of<br />Jerusalem<br /><b>1212–1228</b></small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_England" title="Isabella of England">Isabella</a><br /><small>of England<br />1214–1241</small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" 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colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Austria,_Queen_of_Bohemia" title="Margaret of Austria, Queen of Bohemia">Margaret</a><br /><small>of Austria<br />c.1204–1266</small></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Henry_(VII)_of_Germany" title="Henry (VII) of Germany">Henry (VII)</a><br /><small>King of Germany<br />1211–1242<br /><b>r.1220–1235</b></small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Bavaria,_Queen_of_Germany" title="Elisabeth of Bavaria, Queen of Germany">Elisabeth</a><br /><small>of Bavaria<br />c.1227–1273</small></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color:#FDEE00"><a href="/wiki/Conrad_IV_of_Germany" title="Conrad IV of Germany">Conrad IV</a><small><br />(of Sicily)<br />King of Germany<br />1228–1254<br /><b>r.1237–1254</b></small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em">Margareta<br /><small>1226–1227</small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em">Henry<br />Otto<br /><small>1238–1253</small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Sicily" title="Margaret of Sicily">Margaret</a><br /><small>of Sicily<br />1241–1270</small></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Albert_II,_Margrave_of_Meissen" title="Albert II, Margrave of Meissen">Albert II</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Margrave" title="Margrave">Mgve.</a> <br />of Meissen<br />1240–1314<br /><b>r.1288–1314</b></small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Conradin" title="Conradin">Conradin</a><br /><small>K. of Jerusalem<br />1252–1268<br /><b>r.1254–1268</b></small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Margrave_of_Meissen" title="Frederick I, Margrave of Meissen">Frederick I</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Margrave" title="Margrave">Mgve</a> of<br /> Meissen<br />1257–1323<br /><b>r.1292–1323</b></small></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> <hr /> <p><b>Notes:</b><br /> <i>For further detailed dynastic relationships, see also <a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_the_German_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Family tree of the German monarchs">Family tree of the German monarchs</a></i>. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hohenstaufen&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dukes_of_Swabia_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Dukes of Swabia family tree">Dukes of Swabia family tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guelphs_and_Ghibellines" title="Guelphs and Ghibellines">Guelphs and Ghibellines</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hohenstaufen&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The earliest depictions of the Staufer arms show a single lion; for a short time augmented to two lions, and after 1196 three lions or <a href="/wiki/Lion_(heraldry)" title="Lion (heraldry)">leopards</a>. The tincture <i>or</i> and <i>sable</i> is attested in 1220.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The seal of <a href="/wiki/Henry_(VII)_of_Germany" title="Henry (VII) of Germany">Henry (VII) of Germany</a> (1216) shows three leopards (<i><a href="/wiki/Passant_guardant" class="mw-redirect" title="Passant guardant">passant guardant</a></i>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Manfred,_King_of_Sicily" title="Manfred, King of Sicily">Manfred of Sicily</a> was himself a son of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a> born out of wedlock, who had been legitimised by the posterior marriage of his parents on his mother's deathbed. Therefore, his son, Henry [Enrico] (May 1262 – 31 October 1318), was the last Hohenstaufen who could have claimed full dynastic rights, albeit not being the last <a href="/wiki/Patrilineality" title="Patrilineality">agnatic</a> descendant of the family. In fact, the last patrilineal descendant was Henry's first cousin once removed, Giovanna di Stevia (1280 – 1352), a daughter of <a href="/wiki/Conrad_of_Antioch" title="Conrad of Antioch">Conrad</a>, and grand-daughter of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_of_Antioch" title="Frederick of Antioch">Frederick of Antioch</a>, also an illegitimate son of Frederick II.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hohenstaufen&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAlbrecht_RieberKarl_Reutter1974" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Albrecht Rieber; Karl Reutter (1974). <i>Die Pfalzkapelle in Ulm</i> (in German). p. 204.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Pfalzkapelle+in+Ulm&rft.pages=204&rft.date=1974&rft.au=Albrecht+Rieber&rft.au=Karl+Reutter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHohenstaufen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gregorovius_2010-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gregorovius_2010_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gregorovius_2010_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Gregorovius" title="Ferdinand Gregorovius">Gregorovius, Ferdinand</a> (2010) [1897]. <i>History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages</i>. Vol. 5, Part 2, Cambridge University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Reference-AHD-Hohenstaufen" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=Hohenstaufen">"Hohenstaufen"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language" title="The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language">The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</a></i> (5th ed.). HarperCollins<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.atitle=Hohenstaufen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsearch.html%3Fq%3DHohenstaufen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHohenstaufen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/hohenstaufen">"Hohenstaufen"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Collins_English_Dictionary" title="Collins English Dictionary">Collins English Dictionary</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collins+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Hohenstaufen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fhohenstaufen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHohenstaufen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190518090400/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/Hohenstaufen">"Hohenstaufen"</a> (US) and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182030/https://www.lexico.com/definition/hohenstaufen">"Hohenstaufen"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/Hohenstaufen">the original</a> on 2020-03-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hohenstaufen&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2FHohenstaufen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHohenstaufen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Hohenstaufen">"Hohenstaufen"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Hohenstaufen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FHohenstaufen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHohenstaufen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-grin-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-grin_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grin_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grin_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grin_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grin_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Oliver_Schindler2003" class="citation book cs1">Thomas Oliver Schindler (20 February 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grin.com/document/11046"><i>Die Staufer - Ursprung und Aufstieg eines Herrschergeschlechts</i></a>. Grin<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 29,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Staufer+-+Ursprung+und+Aufstieg+eines+Herrschergeschlechts&rft.pub=Grin&rft.date=2003-02-20&rft.au=Thomas+Oliver+Schindler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.grin.com%2Fdocument%2F11046&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHohenstaufen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiddle2008" class="citation book cs1">Riddle, John M. (13 March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oe_JpPohuQgC&q=Hohenstaufen+Ancient+Rome&pg=PA300"><i>A History of the Middle Ages, 300–1500</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781442210042" title="Special:BookSources/9781442210042"><bdi>9781442210042</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Middle+Ages%2C+300%E2%80%931500&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.date=2008-03-13&rft.isbn=9781442210042&rft.aulast=Riddle&rft.aufirst=John+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Doe_JpPohuQgC%26q%3DHohenstaufen%2BAncient%2BRome%26pg%3DPA300&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHohenstaufen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFrev1886" class="citation cs2">rev, Droysen/Andrée; Th Lindner (1886), <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Droysens-26.jpg"><i>Deutsch: Mitteleuropa zur Zeit der StauferEnglish: Central Europe at the time of the Hohenstaufen</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-12</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deutsch%3A+Mitteleuropa+zur+Zeit+der+StauferEnglish%3A+Central+Europe+at+the+time+of+the+Hohenstaufen&rft.date=1886&rft.aulast=rev&rft.aufirst=Droysen%2FAndr%C3%A9e%3B+Th+Lindner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3ADroysens-26.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHohenstaufen" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EF-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EF_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EF_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EF_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHansmartin_Schwarzmaier2005" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Hansmartin Schwarzmaier (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/famiglia-hohenstaufen_%28Federiciana%29/">"Hohenstaufen, famiglia"</a>. <i>Enciclopedia fridericiana</i>. Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. Translated by Maria Paola Arena</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hohenstaufen%2C+famiglia&rft.btitle=Enciclopedia+fridericiana&rft.place=Rome&rft.pub=Istituto+dell%27Enciclopedia+Italiana&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Hansmartin+Schwarzmaier&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.treccani.it%2Fenciclopedia%2Ffamiglia-hohenstaufen_%2528Federiciana%2529%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHohenstaufen" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_encyclopedia" title="Template:Cite encyclopedia">cite encyclopedia</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: postscript (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_postscript" title="Category:CS1 maint: postscript">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Freed-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Freed_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Freed_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">John B. Freed, <i>Frederick Barbarossa: The Prince and the Myth</i> (Yale University Press, 2016), pp. 5–6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Keller1823-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Keller1823_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdelbert_von_Keller1823" class="citation book cs1">Adelbert von Keller (1823). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GJs6AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA55"><i>Ein Tag auf Hohenstaufen Oder die schwäbischen Pilger: Eine kleine dramatische Skizze für Familienkreise</i></a>. Schwan. pp. 55–.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ein+Tag+auf+Hohenstaufen+Oder+die+schw%C3%A4bischen+Pilger%3A+Eine+kleine+dramatische+Skizze+f%C3%BCr+Familienkreise&rft.pages=55-&rft.pub=Schwan&rft.date=1823&rft.au=Adelbert+von+Keller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGJs6AAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHohenstaufen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Görich2011-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Görich2011_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Görich2011_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Görich2011_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnut_Görich2011" class="citation book cs1">Knut Görich (22 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=35SwS1j6dowC"><i>Friedrich Barbarossa: Eine Biographie</i></a>. C.H.Beck. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-406-62149-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-406-62149-9"><bdi>978-3-406-62149-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Friedrich+Barbarossa%3A+Eine+Biographie&rft.pub=C.H.Beck&rft.date=2011-11-22&rft.isbn=978-3-406-62149-9&rft.au=Knut+G%C3%B6rich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D35SwS1j6dowC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHohenstaufen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/gnd139800247.html#ndbcontent">"Sighardinger (Sieghardinger, Sigehardinger)"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sighardinger+%28Sieghardinger%2C+Sigehardinger%29&rft.pub=Deutsche+Biographie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deutsche-biographie.de%2Fgnd139800247.html%23ndbcontent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHohenstaufen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Muschka2012-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Muschka2012_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilhelm_Muschka2012" class="citation book cs1">Wilhelm Muschka (22 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ygN4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA74"><i>Agnes von Waiblingen - Stammmutter der Staufer und Babenberger-Herzöge: Eine mittelalterliche Biografie</i></a>. Tectum Wissenschaftsverlag. pp. 74–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8288-5539-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8288-5539-7"><bdi>978-3-8288-5539-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Agnes+von+Waiblingen+-+Stammmutter+der+Staufer+und+Babenberger-Herz%C3%B6ge%3A+Eine+mittelalterliche+Biografie&rft.pages=74-&rft.pub=Tectum+Wissenschaftsverlag&rft.date=2012-05-22&rft.isbn=978-3-8288-5539-7&rft.au=Wilhelm+Muschka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DygN4DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHohenstaufen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stürner2019-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stürner2019_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolfgang_Stürner2019" class="citation book cs1">Wolfgang Stürner (30 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R5y6DwAAQBAJ"><i>Die Staufer: Eine mittelalterliche Herrscherdynastie - Bd. 1: Aufstieg und Machtentfaltung (975 bis 1190)</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Kohlhammer_Verlag" title="Kohlhammer Verlag">Kohlhammer Verlag</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-17-035365-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-17-035365-7"><bdi>978-3-17-035365-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Staufer%3A+Eine+mittelalterliche+Herrscherdynastie+-+Bd.+1%3A+Aufstieg+und+Machtentfaltung+%28975+bis+1190%29&rft.pub=Kohlhammer+Verlag&rft.date=2019-10-30&rft.isbn=978-3-17-035365-7&rft.au=Wolfgang+St%C3%BCrner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR5y6DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHohenstaufen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hohenstaufen-dynasty">"Hohenstaufen dynasty | German dynasty"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Hohenstaufen+dynasty+%7C+German+dynasty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FHohenstaufen-dynasty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHohenstaufen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-myt-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-myt_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlaus_Graf" class="citation web cs1">Klaus Graf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/47760851">"Der Mythos der Staufer - eine schwäbische Königsdynastie wird erinnert und instrumentalisiert"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Der+Mythos+der+Staufer+-+eine+schw%C3%A4bische+K%C3%B6nigsdynastie+wird+erinnert+und+instrumentalisiert&rft.au=Klaus+Graf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F47760851&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHohenstaufen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barber2004-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barber2004_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalcolm_Barber2004" class="citation book cs1">Malcolm Barber (2 August 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lcGEAgAAQBAJ"><i>The Two Cities: Medieval Europe 1050–1320 - pp 198</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-68751-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-68751-0"><bdi>978-1-134-68751-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Two+Cities%3A+Medieval+Europe+1050%E2%80%931320+-+pp+198&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004-08-02&rft.isbn=978-1-134-68751-0&rft.au=Malcolm+Barber&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlcGEAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHohenstaufen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Matthew1992-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Matthew1992_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonald_Matthew1992" class="citation book cs1">Donald Matthew (30 July 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CQfub3l_ejkC"><i>The Norman Kingdom of Sicily - p. 290</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-26911-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-26911-7"><bdi>978-0-521-26911-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Norman+Kingdom+of+Sicily+-+p.+290&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1992-07-30&rft.isbn=978-0-521-26911-7&rft.au=Donald+Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCQfub3l_ejkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHohenstaufen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStälin1882" class="citation book cs1">Stälin, Paul Friedrich (1882). <i>Geschichte Württembergs Erster Band Erste Hälfte (bis 1268)</i>. Gotha. pp. 389–393.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geschichte+W%C3%BCrttembergs+Erster+Band+Erste+H%C3%A4lfte+%28bis+1268%29&rft.place=Gotha&rft.pages=389-393&rft.date=1882&rft.aulast=St%C3%A4lin&rft.aufirst=Paul+Friedrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHohenstaufen" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKöhler1903" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walther_K%C3%B6hler" class="extiw" title="de:Walther Köhler">Köhler, Walther</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in German]</span> (1903). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F478355">"Emperor Frederick II., The Hohenstaufe"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Journal_of_Theology" class="mw-redirect" title="The American Journal of Theology">The American Journal of Theology</a></i>. <b>7</b> (2): 225–248. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F478355">10.1086/478355</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3153729">3153729</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Theology&rft.atitle=Emperor+Frederick+II.%2C+The+Hohenstaufe&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=225-248&rft.date=1903&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F478355&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3153729%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=K%C3%B6hler&rft.aufirst=Walther&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1086%252F478355&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHohenstaufen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnold2000" class="citation journal cs1">Arnold, Benjamin (2000). "Emperor Frederick II (1194–1250) and the political particularism of the German princes". <i>Journal of Medieval History</i>. <b>26</b> (3): 239–252. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0304-4181%2800%2900005-1">10.1016/S0304-4181(00)00005-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medieval+History&rft.atitle=Emperor+Frederick+II+%281194%E2%80%931250%29+and+the+political+particularism+of+the+German+princes&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=239-252&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0304-4181%2800%2900005-1&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHohenstaufen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Cleve1972" class="citation book cs1">Van Cleve, T. C. (1972). <i>The Emperor Frederick II of Hohenstaufen: Immuntator Mundi</i>. Oxford. p. 143. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-198-22513-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-198-22513-X"><bdi>0-198-22513-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Emperor+Frederick+II+of+Hohenstaufen%3A+Immuntator+Mundi&rft.pages=143&rft.pub=Oxford&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=0-198-22513-X&rft.aulast=Van+Cleve&rft.aufirst=T.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHohenstaufen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKantorowicz1937" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Kantorowicz" title="Ernst Kantorowicz">Kantorowicz, Ernst</a> (1937). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fredericktheseco000027mbp/"><i>Frederick the Second, 1194–1250</i></a>. New York: Frederick Ungar. p. 228.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frederick+the+Second%2C+1194%E2%80%931250&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=228&rft.pub=Frederick+Ungar&rft.date=1937&rft.aulast=Kantorowicz&rft.aufirst=Ernst&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffredericktheseco000027mbp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHohenstaufen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Cleve1972446-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Cleve1972446_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Cleve1972">Van Cleve 1972</a>, p. 446.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMasson1973" class="citation book cs1">Masson, Georgina (1973). <i>Frederick II of Hohenstaufen, A Life</i>. Octagon Books. p. 302.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frederick+II+of+Hohenstaufen%2C+A+Life&rft.pages=302&rft.pub=Octagon+Books&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Masson&rft.aufirst=Georgina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHohenstaufen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Abulafia1992-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Abulafia1992_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Abulafia1992" class="citation book cs1">David Abulafia (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sgufggLomo8C"><i>Frederick II: A Medieval Emperor</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-508040-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-508040-7"><bdi>978-0-19-508040-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frederick+II%3A+A+Medieval+Emperor&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-19-508040-7&rft.au=David+Abulafia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsgufggLomo8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHohenstaufen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLukas_Strehle2011" class="citation book cs1">Lukas Strehle (19 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grin.com/document/180488"><i>SDie Hinrichtung Konradins von Hohenstaufen – Reaktionen der Zeitgenossen und Rezeption der Nachwelt</i></a>. Grin<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=SDie+Hinrichtung+Konradins+von+Hohenstaufen+%E2%80%93+Reaktionen+der+Zeitgenossen+und+Rezeption+der+Nachwelt&rft.pub=Grin&rft.date=2011-10-19&rft.au=Lukas+Strehle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.grin.com%2Fdocument%2F180488&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHohenstaufen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Benjamin2010-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Benjamin2010_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandra_Benjamin2010" class="citation book cs1">Sandra Benjamin (20 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dOpFBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT292"><i>Sicily: Three Thousand Years of Human History - 7 - Hohenstaufens</i></a>. Steerforth Press. pp. 292–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58642-181-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58642-181-6"><bdi>978-1-58642-181-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sicily%3A+Three+Thousand+Years+of+Human+History+-+7+-+Hohenstaufens&rft.pages=292-&rft.pub=Steerforth+Press&rft.date=2010-04-20&rft.isbn=978-1-58642-181-6&rft.au=Sandra+Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdOpFBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT292&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHohenstaufen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carrara, Mario. <i>Gli Scaligeri</i>, Varese, Dell'Oglio, 1966.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Matthew of Paris, Mon. Germ. Hist. Scriptores XXVIII pp. 360-361</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cronica Fratris Salimbene di Adam, Ordinis Minorem, MGH SS XXXII p. 349</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121227125524/http://www.kloster-lorch.com/16.html">"Staufer-Rundbild"</a> (in German). Lorch: Kloster Lorch. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kloster-lorch.com/16.html">the original</a> on 27 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Staufer-Rundbild&rft.place=Lorch&rft.pub=Kloster+Lorch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kloster-lorch.com%2F16.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHohenstaufen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stauferstelen.net/">"Was ist eine Stauferstele?"</a>. <i>Stauferstelen</i> (in German).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stauferstelen&rft.atitle=Was+ist+eine+Stauferstele%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stauferstelen.net%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHohenstaufen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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title="Aleramici">Aleramici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capetian_House_of_Anjou" title="Capetian House of Anjou">Anjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Antelminelli" title="House of Antelminelli">Antelminelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appiani_family" title="Appiani family">Appiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anscarids" title="Anscarids">Anscarids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Barcelona" title="House of Barcelona">Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentivoglio_family" title="Bentivoglio family">Bentivoglio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bonaparte" title="House of Bonaparte">Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Borgia" title="House of Borgia">Borgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="House of Bourbon-Parma">Bourbon-Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon-Two_Sicilies" title="House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies">Bourbon-Two Sicilies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Della_Rovere" title="Della Rovere">Della Rovere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Della_Torre" title="Della Torre">Della Torre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doria_(family)" title="Doria (family)">Doria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Este" title="House of Este">Este</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Farnese" title="House of Farnese">Farnese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieschi_family" title="Fieschi family">Fieschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fregoso" title="Fregoso">Fregoso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Gonzaga" title="House of Gonzaga">Gonzaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Grimaldi" title="House of Grimaldi">Grimaldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">Habsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg-Lorraine" title="House of Habsburg-Lorraine">Habsburg-Lorraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauteville_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Hauteville family">Hauteville</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hohenstaufen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperiali_family" title="Imperiali family">Imperiali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Malatesta" title="House of Malatesta">Malatesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaspina_family" title="Malaspina family">Malaspina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Medici" title="House of Medici">Medici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Montefeltro" title="House of Montefeltro">Montefeltro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Murat" title="Prince Murat">Murat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Ordelaffi" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Ordelaffi">Ordelaffi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaiologos#Montferrat_cadet_branch" title="Palaiologos">Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallavicini_family" title="Pallavicini family">Pallavicini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Savoy" title="House of Savoy">Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Sforza" title="House of Sforza">Sforza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Trast%C3%A1mara" title="House of Trastámara">Trastámara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Valois" title="House of Valois">Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visconti_of_Milan" title="Visconti of Milan">Visconti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130875#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130875#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130875#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85061396">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jx20080407024&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118616951.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118616951">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/029192">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hohenstaufen&oldid=1260329907">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hohenstaufen&oldid=1260329907</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hohenstaufen" 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