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In this revised and expanded translation of the Greek original published in 2001, a distinguished international team of scholars goes beyond a merely technical treatment of the subject by examining the language's relationship with politics, society and culture. An attempt is made to cover all aspects of the history of Greek, including those that are usually considered marginal, such as obscene language, the language of the gods and child talk. Other topics which receive particular emphasis are language contact and translation practices in antiquity. The book's clear organisation and concise chapters make it highly readable and accessible to non-specialists, and the text is supported by example passages from primary sources and numerous informative illustrations. It is an essential reference work for all those interested in the history of Greek.","my_library_url":"https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print\u0026continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fop%3Dlibrary\u0026hl=en","is_magazine":false,"is_public_domain":false,"last_page":{"pid":"PR42","order":42,"title":"xlii"}},{"enableUserFeedbackUI":true,"pseudocontinuous":true,"is_cobrand":false,"sign_in_url":"https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print\u0026continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fid%3DWJbd0m6YaFkC%26pg%3DPA405%26dq%3DIonic%2Band%2BAttic%26sig%3Dy5EnNiFJ6gOVN5J8K11gHEMYFso%26redir_esc%3Dy%26hl%3Den\u0026hl=en","isEntityPageViewport":false,"showViewportOnboarding":false,"showViewportPlainTextOnboarding":false},{"page":[{"pid":"PP1","src":"https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=WJbd0m6YaFkC\u0026pg=PP1\u0026img=1\u0026zoom=3\u0026hl=en\u0026sig=ACfU3U0ShHKrtHOznA0a4RHqhz0peLVI5g","flags":32,"order":0,"uf":"https://books.google.com.sg/books_feedback?id=WJbd0m6YaFkC\u0026spid=AFLRE712qHCJUHEnDuflwh5rYQATXsDkYespQ6Zq6Y2Kqd_NnMDr_MLyq9HhNkYdPLIhKwVnLqne\u0026ftype=0","vq":"Ionic and Attic"},{"pid":"PR3","src":"https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=WJbd0m6YaFkC\u0026pg=PR3\u0026img=1\u0026zoom=3\u0026hl=en\u0026sig=ACfU3U01AkI0N3NEGRwsqdfECOUEb0Bxcg"},{"pid":"PR4","src":"https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=WJbd0m6YaFkC\u0026pg=PR4\u0026img=1\u0026zoom=3\u0026hl=en\u0026sig=ACfU3U2L_YNW4mA9vq0HC22BFjtjv_eaDw"},{"pid":"PR7","src":"https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=WJbd0m6YaFkC\u0026pg=PR7\u0026img=1\u0026zoom=3\u0026hl=en\u0026sig=ACfU3U3uMy5QKpKoDBfvnGBGF07dvVt1KQ"}]},null,{"number_of_results":69,"search_results":[{"page_id":"PR10","page_number":"x","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eIonic and Attic\u003c/b\u003e A. PANAYOTOU 4 Arcado - Cypriot A. PANAYOTOU 395 405 417 5 Pamphylian 427 A. PANAYOTOU 6 The position of the Macedonian dialect 433 A. PANAYOTOU 7 The Doric dialects 444 J. MÉNDEZ DOSUNA 8 The Aeolic dialects J\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=WJbd0m6YaFkC\u0026pg=PR10\u0026dq=Ionic+and+Attic"},{"page_id":"PA160","page_number":"160","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e, which was influenced by \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e and was the dialect of mighty Athens and the Athenian League. The \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e dialect, the hegemonic dialect in the classical age, with a geographical spread well beyond the bounds of Attica,was to form\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA185","page_number":"185","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e-\u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e and Arcado-Cypriot. The earliest extant form of Greek that we have access to, the Mycenaean Greek of the Linear B tablets (see . , . ), shows that already in the second millennium Greek was separated into\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA267","page_number":"267","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e Alphabet IV \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e Alphabet4 V Greek Names VI Names Aleph .... KK A * A A \u0026amp;\\\u0026lt;j\u0026gt;a BetK S 9 3 9? a B firjra Gimel -7 1 1 r y\u0026amp;fxfia Daleth... A A A A SeXra He ^ 3 3 E (I, 1\u0026quot; (1 w) Wau V ^ =1 fadj ScycLfina Zayin .... I I I I(Z) tfra\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA302","page_number":"302","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e alphabet. This was the case when the cities themselves undertook to have them inscribed on steles. Those which were recorded on the initiative of Athens are written in the \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e alphabet, for example the decree on the arrangements\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA303","page_number":"303","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e coins,measures,and weights, the cities of the League were obliged to set up a copy in a public place.If a city did not comply,Athens did so itself.So all the fragments which have been found in various cities are written in the \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA310","page_number":"310","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e-speaking Ceos) cast a similar slur on the sage Pittacus\u0026#39;Lesbian dialect, calling it a “barbarian register”( ν ... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e Greek.Already we find the seeds of the modern katharevousa debate well sown as early as the fourth\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA344","page_number":"344","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e-\u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e Koine (see . ) – clearly shows that the westernmost \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e dialect,\u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e,had to give up several of its phonological (clusters tt and rr, e.g., θλαττα, ρρην) and morphological idiosyncrasies (\u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e declension of nouns\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA345","page_number":"345","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e-\u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e Koine emerging in the fourth century was thus the result of a phonological and morphological leveling to which the term stabilized koinemay be applied.The following stage,that of expanded koine,came into being with the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA384","page_number":"384","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e dialect,extending the geographical area in which it was used.The \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e dialect,itself influenced by \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e,the other early dominant dialect,was elevated by the political and cultural prominence of the city of Athens to a position\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA390","page_number":"390","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e-\u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e, Arcado-Cypriot, Aeolic, and West Greek, which includes Doric and North-West Greek. Often, to distinguish them clearly from the western group,Arcado-Cypriot and \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e-\u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e are referred to as the eastern dialects. \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e and\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA392","page_number":"392","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e-\u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e, Aeolic, and Doric was alreadyestablishedornotinthesecondmillennium .Ourviewsonthe prehistory of the Greek dialects are influenced toa considerable extent bytheevidenceofMycenaean,thelanguageoftheLinearBtablets.With\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA393","page_number":"393","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e-\u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e and Arcado-Cypriot instead of North-West Greek and Aeolic. He also arrived at the conclusion that the differences between the \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e-\u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e and the Arcado-Cypriot groups were relatively recent and that, consequently,these two\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA396","page_number":"396","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e κρς, \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e κρ ς,and Doric κρ ς“boy”can all be explained as descended from an earlier *κρ8ς (where 8 has the value of English w). \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e εμ and Doric μ can be traced back to an earlier *σμ, the [s] σ of which survives in the third\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA397","page_number":"397","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e and \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e).Thus we believe that o-terepresents /hote/ = τε“when.”It is unclear what is the force of initial jo-alternating in spelling with o- in a word apparently equivalent to /hã-/, where later Greek uses ς. All alphabetic\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA402","page_number":"402","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e,\u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e (see . ),and Arcadian (see . ) changed the -ti to -si,with subsequent modifications of the preceding sounds: Att.-\u003cb\u003eIon\u003c/b\u003e.- υσι,Lesb.- ισι,Arc.- νσι.Here we can firmly assign Myceanaean to the second type,since it\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA404","page_number":"404","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eIonic and Attic\u003c/b\u003e* . 404 III THE ANCIENT GREEK DIALECTS."},{"page_id":"PA405","page_number":"405","snippet_text":"... Ionic. and. Attic*. .. The \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e-\u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e dialect group The identification of the differences among dialects and their classification ... \u003cb\u003eIonic and Attic\u003c/b\u003e A PANAYOTOU."},{"page_id":"PA406","page_number":"406","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e were spoken alongthecoastofAsiaMinor,onmostoftheislandsoftheAegean(with the exception of Cythera, Crete, Melos ... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e dialect, on the other hand, was spoken in the comparatively limitedgeographical area from whichit\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA407","page_number":"407","snippet_text":"... Attic alphabet and to introduce a standardized variant of the eastern Ionic alphabet. In the words of Theopompus, xovq 6s A6r|vaLoug ejtsLcre xQTJcrOai xo^, x^\u0026gt;y \u0026#39;Icbvoov YQa\\.i\\.iaoix AqxlvoS 6 A0r|vaLog, em ... \u003cb\u003eIONIC AND ATTIC\u003c/b\u003e 4O7."},{"page_id":"PA408","page_number":"408","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e was the primary dialect for the composition of drama, at least for the dialogue, which gradually came to dominate as the role of the chorus diminished. \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e was the first and most widespread of the languages used by writers of\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA409","page_number":"409","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e was also the language of the historian, from as early as the time of Hecataeus of Miletus; Thucydides shows unmistakable traces of this influence. \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e ... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e became the dialect of all educated speakers of Greek,gradually\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA410","page_number":"410","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eIonic and Attic\u003c/b\u003e dialects, at least in classical times, had not only short vowels but also eight long vowels: [a:], [0:], [o:], [u:], [y:], [i:], [e:], [e:]. This was due, in part, to such developments as: • Raising of *[a:], whatever\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA411","page_number":"411","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e, not \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e) in the lengthening of the preceding short vowel: *ksenwos \u0026gt; \u003cb\u003eIon\u003c/b\u003e. |etvog/Att. ^evoc,. *korwos \u0026gt; \u003cb\u003eIon\u003c/b\u003e. xoijQog/Att. xogog. It must be emphasized that these developments are interrelated, in the sense that a change at one\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA412","page_number":"412","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e also the cluster [rs] corresponds to the \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e and Euboean [rr]: \u003cb\u003eIon\u003c/b\u003e. \u0026amp;Qcrr|v, xegcrovriaoc;/ Att. and Eub. \u0026amp;QQr\\\\, xeee°vrlaoS- ln both of these cases the Koine was to retain the \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e forms. • In Eretria and Oropus the voiceless\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA413","page_number":"413","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e: whereas \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e retained (in official texts at least) complex examples of the type oL5a,oLcr9a,oL6g,ra[igv etc., \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e created the analogical forms oL6ag, oi\u0026#39;Sa|.i£v, oiSaxs. We should interpret in the same context the early\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA414","page_number":"414","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eIonic and Attic\u003c/b\u003e, each in the corresponding alphabet, with partially identical content. Sigeum, in the Troad. Ca. mid ... (ion.): I am [the funerary monument] of Phanodicus, son of Ermocrates, from Proconnesus; he donated the crater\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA415","page_number":"415","snippet_text":"... Attic alphabet, written stoichedon. Funerary monument from Attica, Merenda (ancient Myrrhinous); ca. mid-sixth century BC.Jeffery, 78 and 401 no. 29, table 3, no. 29;/Gi.23, 1261; CEG 24 A. Zelkx QQaol□\u0026gt;iX^lac ... \u003cb\u003eIONIC AND ATTIC\u003c/b\u003e 415."},{"page_id":"PA421","page_number":"421","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e-\u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e, forms the active infinitive of athe- matic verbs in -vou: Arc. evai, Cypr. SoFsvai. • The conjunction xai, has the form xdc in both Cypriot and Arcadian (rarely also xd and xai). • In Arcado-Cypriot the old ending of the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA438","page_number":"438","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e alphabet, and the prevalence more generally of Ionian art, must be associated with the penetration and ... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e ones (Panayotou 1996). 5.2 Phonetics and phonology From the texts available to date we can identify the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA446","page_number":"446","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e- \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e Koine (see also . ).Laconian was the dialect that offered the greatest resistance (see also . ).There is both epigraphic and literary evidence that attests to the persistence of the vernacular in the fifth\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA448","page_number":"448","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eIon\u003c/b\u003e. xelvog \u0026lt; *X8SVOg. • JtgaXOg/Att. JtQCOXOg. • 5eL\\o|jm, 5r|A,ou.oa (\u0026lt; *gwel-) = |3oijA.o|iai (\u0026lt; *gwol-). Bu\u0026gt;Xo[iai occurs in Cretan and Rhodian. • -§- has been extended to the future and aorist of all verbs in -t,a\u0026gt; (\u0026lt; *-djo, *-gjd\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA449","page_number":"449","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eIon\u003c/b\u003e. egeco \u0026lt; *wereh- \u0026lt; Proto-Indo-European *werh -s-; Att. iievco, etc.). A few \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e verbs have middle futures of this type: e.g., q)gi)|oiJ(xaL, %Xavaov\\iai, 7izoov\\iai. Third-plural forms like xoiJjovxi, egyaijovxca, eaaovxca occur\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA477","page_number":"477","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e equivalents: consider, for example, forms with labial reflexes of inherited labio-velars (i.e.,*kwetc.) before ... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e-\u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e and Arcado-Cypriot (see also . , . ). Since there appear to be no “Doric” elements\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA482","page_number":"482","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e and \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e was obviously one of the main reasons (the correlation coefficient of Laconian and \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e is 0.34, while that of Aetolian and \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e is 0.48, and that of Rhodian and \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e 0.42). The situation in Crete was complex, owing\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA485","page_number":"485","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e and \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e.) From Cyprus we possess unique evidence of the coexistence of the Cypriot dialect and Hellenistic Koine in the texts from Kafizin (south of Idalium; see also in. 4) dated to 225-218 bc (Mitford 1980). Selected. texts. [1]\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA486","page_number":"486","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e dialect,\u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e began to be used over a broader area and eventually – its dissemination impelled by Athenian and, later, Macedonian imperialism – became a “common language.” These observations apart,the work of the student of Greek\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA488","page_number":"488","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e vocalism see Ruipérez ; Mignot ; see also . ). This approach presupposes an exhaustive ... \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e (cf.López Eire ) and,from the point in time where description becomes possible, most of the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA491","page_number":"491","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e prose writing, the penetration of the \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e dialect by \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e during the fifth century bc (see also vii.a. 2). History may also leave its mark on the writing system of a language: the Athenian spelling reform of 403 bc, with the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA499","page_number":"499","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e of the region. But in all known cases there intervenes the local variant of the \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e-\u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e Koine. According to the best hypothesis the Tsakonian dialect is without doubt the successor not of ancient Laconian,but of a Laconian\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA502","page_number":"502","snippet_text":"... Cambridge University Press. vilborg, e. iqôo.A Tentative Grammar oj Mycenaean Greek. Studia Graeca et Latina Gothoburgensia 9. Gôteborg: Almqvist \u0026amp; Wiksell. 3 \u003cb\u003eIonic and Attic\u003c/b\u003e, a . panayotou allen, w. s. 502 III THE ANCIENT GREEK DIALECTS."},{"page_id":"PA503","page_number":"503","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eIonic and Attic\u003c/b\u003e, a . panayotou allen, w. s. 1987 \u0026#39;. Vox Graeca: A Guide to the Pronunciation of Classical Greek. 3rd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. bechtel, f. [1924] 1963. Die griechischen Dialekte. Vol. in, Der ionische\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA504","page_number":"504","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eIonic and Attic\u003c/b\u003e. m e 1 l l e t , a . 1975- Apercu d\u0026#39;une histoire de la langue grecque. 8th ed. with bibliography updated and enlarged by O. Masson. Paris: Klincksieck. mendez dosuna, j. 1993. Los griegosy la realidadpsicologica del\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA521","page_number":"521","snippet_text":"... Atticdialect –or,to be more precise,from the \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e-\u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e dialect which was spoken in the broader Greek territories – of the koine,orcommon Greek of the Hellenistic period, which was the starting point for Modern Greek. The critical\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA526","page_number":"526","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e-\u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e (see 1 1 1. 3), they differed in quality, so that the short /e/, joj corresponded both to the long close /e:/, /o:/ (represented by the graphemes \u0026lt;EI\u0026gt;, \u0026lt;OY\u0026gt;, whence the denomination spurious diphthongs) and to the long open\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA527","page_number":"527","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e vowels is symmetrical, with only five short ones (/i e a o u/) and five matching long ones (/i: e: a: o: u ... (\u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e) and can be classified as exceptions. On the other hand, alternations between e ~ e: and between 0 ~ 0\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA528","page_number":"528","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e- \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e (see in. 3) occurred in the front vowels. A shift [a:] \u0026gt; [se:] \u0026gt; [s:] was completed around the beginning of the eighth century (Bartonek 1966, 115; for other views, see e.g., Szemerenyi [1961] 1968): in \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e- \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e we get\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA529","page_number":"529","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e, unlike in \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e, the change of /a:/ into /e:/ did not take place after /e/, /i/, and /r/; thus \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e has Yevsd, ofoda, %wga for \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e Y£vef|, oLxit], x^qti. For synchronic morphological relics and for this constraint on the rule\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA530","page_number":"530","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e (and \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e) vowel system proposed by Bubenik, with the phonemicization of the changes, presents new systematic asymmetries between short and long vowels: With the change of /u/ and /u:/ to /y/ and jy.j respectively, the short\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA531","page_number":"531","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e τη αρδτηι for τιAρδ τηι(Allen , note ),with the automatic omission of the semivowel [j] of the ... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e of the classical period,it is generally accepted that the following short diphthongs had indeed\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA535","page_number":"535","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e indicates that this process is automatic and therefore phonetic. 3.4 Double consonants 3.4.1 Representaion of ... \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e yX\u0026amp;aaa), XfJLuxa. They are simplified word-initially: gew (observe their reappearance in compounds or\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA536","page_number":"536","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e and other dialects: OdXarca, jtQdrcco for \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e QaXaaaa, KQaoott). This feature of \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e is used in comedy, while in tragedy and in prose writing until Thucydides (Bubenik 1983, 84) it is avoided, under \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e influence, in\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA571","page_number":"571","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e-\u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e dialect of that period (see . ),which is better known than the other Greek dialects of the classical age because of the numerous inscriptions which have been found and,principally,because of the wealth of texts which\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA590","page_number":"590","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e dialect of the classical period,which had already been influenced by \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e,acquired a dominant role because of the military and political supremacy of Athens in the fifth century and spread throughout a very wide geographical\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA618","page_number":"618","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e dialect evolved not only as an official language for the administration of the empire but also as a literary ... \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e models, and before long many of the innovations had begun to infiltrate even the conservative diction of\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA742","page_number":"742","snippet_text":"... (\u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e or one of the eastern \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e alphabets). There is thus at the outset a scholarly problem as to how faithfully the Thracian phonological system has been rendered by the Greek or Latin text of an ancient source.For example,how should\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA744","page_number":"744","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e (?) alphabet. Duvanlii. Second half of fifth century bc. See Brixhe and Panayotou 1994, 186-7, n0- h with ... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e are both the alphabet (post-Euclidean) and the grammar, although some of the personal names are Thracian\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA789","page_number":"789","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e (or \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e) loan stratum is in its entirety later than the stratum we referred to above as \u0026quot;Corinthian\u0026quot; (\u0026quot;Damaratan\u0026quot;). The oldest indisputably \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e loanword so far known is the name \u0026#39; Agtefug/Etr. Aritimi (Veio, sixth century bc\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA977","page_number":"977","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e dialect. For this reason, in the compositions of the Athenian tragic poets preference is given to the \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e equivalent jtQdxxco, again stripped of the pronounced \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e tendency to convert long a into r| (jtQf|aaco). The following\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA986","page_number":"986","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e forms in tragedy derive from the poetic language of epic or whether they are direct loans from the \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e ... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e η is usual in choruses in cases where the word is a common one in \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e vocabulary (δμς/δμς “deme”).A\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA990","page_number":"990","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eIonic and Attic\u003c/b\u003e. Here a brief presentation will be made of the language of the historian Herodotus of Halicarnassus (fifth century bc). Herodotus traveled a great deal in his life, a fact which is to a certain extent reflected in the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA991","page_number":"991","snippet_text":"... (\u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e dialect) was inadequate and thus also selected linguistic features from the Homeric epics. Indeed Herodotus ... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e, and a few words from foreign languages (see Text[i5]). Selected. texts. otuToto 6 jtive xal i)oO£ StdxTooog\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA1011","page_number":"1011","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e, with elements from the \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e and epic dialects (Meillet 1975, 217-19, 221-2): Eteocles: ov alya [ir\\be\\ x\u0026amp;vb ... \u003cb\u003eIon\u003c/b\u003e (535bi-536ai) and Aristotle\u0026#39;s Rhetoric (i403b20-4 and 1404320-4), recitation as a means of acting in the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA1022","page_number":"1022","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e dialect, and the dependence of comedy on this genre of archaic lyric poetry is evident in the numerous σκμματα ... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e dialect of the day predominates (Knights ): δ δυ κρκν λαγ τθαλμιδω περιψ ν.“Look, take this hare\u0026#39;s\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA1208","page_number":"1208","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e coloring) in the declensions of nouns and in the conjugation of verbs; reintroduction of the so-called \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e declension, the dual,and the \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e future; the desire to imitate causes even unattested forms of the middle voice to be\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA1499","page_number":"1499","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e εν ς,\u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e ν ς,with a loss of w (8 digamma). low sounds Sounds produced with the body of the tongue in a low position inside the oral cavity: e.g.,[a]. metonymy Reference to a part of an entity,or to one of its characteristics in\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA1532","page_number":"1532","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e-\u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e dialect 185,344,345,384,390, 392,393, 402, 405-416, 429, 446, 477, 482, 499, 521, 526, 528, 571, 963, 973 Avestan 163, 186, 673, 773, 774, 777, 778, 779,H37 Babylonian 775, 778, 1137 Bactrian 773, 840 Balkan languages 3; Old\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA1546","page_number":"1546","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e-\u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e. group. \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e-\u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e. a|3a\u0026lt;pr|5 615 dya66g 670, 680 dydjiT] 685 dycuiTjxoq 661 dycuico 661 dyyaQr|iov 778 dyyagog 778 dyye\u0026gt;ia 658 ayyiKkio; fjyyeiXa; fjyyEXxa 528; 529; 529 ayye^oq 658, 675 dysiQco 662 dyiacpoQoq 1141 dyi^eiv\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA1610","page_number":"1610","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eion\u003c/b\u003e, 1036, 1037, 1402, 1430; dramatic ~ (see drama); epic ~ (see epics); iambic ~ 408, 972, 985, 1022, 1402 ... \u003cb\u003eAttic\u003c/b\u003e ~ 300, 536, 794, 987, 1046; Hellenistic ~ 1046, 1053; \u003cb\u003eIonic\u003c/b\u003e ~ 491, 972, 987 sociolect/social variety 74, 384\u0026nbsp;..."}],"search_query_escaped":"Ionic and Attic"},{});</script></div></div></div><script>(function() {var href = window.location.href;if (href.indexOf('?') !== -1) {var parameters = href.split('?')[1].split('&');for (var i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {var param = parameters[i].split('=');if (param[0] == 'focus') {var elem = document.getElementById(param[1]);if (elem) {elem.focus();}}}}})();</script>