Cauda equina syndrome in ankylosing spondylitis (the CES-AS syndrome): meta-analysis of outcomes after medical and surgical treatments

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" > <head itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#" > <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">  <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="True"> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="320"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.google-analytics.com"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/0d576970-ea4f-4f8d-9bab-bf51569c42d2/CACHE/css/output.5ecf62baa0fa.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/0d576970-ea4f-4f8d-9bab-bf51569c42d2/CACHE/css/output.452c70ce66f7.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/0d576970-ea4f-4f8d-9bab-bf51569c42d2/CACHE/css/output.7bf600913d6e.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/0d576970-ea4f-4f8d-9bab-bf51569c42d2/CACHE/css/output.0bfa59184c7a.css" type="text/css"> <title>Cauda equina syndrome in ankylosing spondylitis (the CES-AS syndrome): meta-analysis of outcomes after medical and surgical treatments - PubMed</title> <link rel="preload" as="font" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/0d576970-ea4f-4f8d-9bab-bf51569c42d2/uswds/dist/fonts/merriweather-bold-webfont.woff2" type="font/woff2" crossorigin />  <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/ico" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon.ico" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon.png" />  <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon-192.png" />  <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png">  <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon-72.png">  <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon-114.png">  <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144x144" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon-144.png">  <meta name="ncbi_sg_optimize_id" content="">  <meta name="theme-color" content="#20558a">  <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="ncbi_pinger_gtm_track" content="true"/>  <meta name="ncbi_app" content="pubmed" /> <meta name="ncbi_db" content="pubmed" /> <meta name="ncbi_phid" content="F6A10001E5184AD5000023811490AFCA.1.m_6" /> <meta name="ncbi_pinger_stat_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/stat" /> <meta name="log_category" content="literature" /> <meta name="ncbi_cost_center" content="pubmed" />  <meta name="ncbi_pdid" content="abstract" /> <meta name="log_op" content="retrieve" /> <meta name="uid" content="11586143" /> <meta name="ncbi_uid" content="11586143" /> <meta name="log_displayeduids" content="11586143" /> <meta name="log_source_db" content="pubmed" />  <meta name="description" content="The cauda equina syndrome in ankylosing spondylitis (the CES-AS syndrome) is marked by slow, insidious progression and a high incidence of dural ectasia in the lumbosacral spine. A high index of suspicion for this problem must be maintained when evaluating the patient with ankylosing spondylitis wit …"><meta name="keywords" content="pmid:11586143, doi:10.1097/00002517-200110000-00009, Case Reports, Meta-Analysis, N U Ahn, U M Ahn, P D Sponseller, Adult, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / therapeutic use, Humans, Logistic Models, Lumbosacral Region / surgery, Male, Odds Ratio, Polyradiculopathy / drug therapy, Polyradiculopathy / surgery*, Spinal Cord Injuries / diagnosis, Spinal Cord Injuries / surgery, Spondylitis, Ankylosing / drug therapy, Spondylitis, Ankylosing / surgery*, Treatment Outcome, PubMed Abstract, NIH, NLM, NCBI, National Institutes of Health, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, MEDLINE"><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive"><meta property="og:title" content="Cauda equina syndrome in ankylosing spondylitis (the CES-AS syndrome): meta-analysis of outcomes after medical and surgical treatments - PubMed"><meta property="og:url" content="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11586143/"><meta property="og:description" content="The cauda equina syndrome in ankylosing spondylitis (the CES-AS syndrome) is marked by slow, insidious progression and a high incidence of dural ectasia in the lumbosacral spine. A high index of suspicion for this problem must be maintained when evaluating the patient with ankylosing spondylitis wit …"><meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/pubmed-meta-image-v2.jpg"><meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/pubmed-meta-image-v2.jpg"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta property="og:site_name" content="PubMed"><meta name="twitter:domain" content="pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta name="twitter:title" content="Cauda equina syndrome in ankylosing spondylitis (the CES-AS syndrome): meta-analysis of outcomes after medical and surgical treatments - PubMed"><meta name="twitter:url" content="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11586143/"><meta name="twitter:description" content="The cauda equina syndrome in ankylosing spondylitis (the CES-AS syndrome) is marked by slow, insidious progression and a high incidence of dural ectasia in the lumbosacral spine. A high index of suspicion for this problem must be maintained when evaluating the patient with ankylosing spondylitis wit …"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/pubmed-meta-image-v2.jpg">  <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/opensearch.xml" title="PubMed search">  <noscript> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/0d576970-ea4f-4f8d-9bab-bf51569c42d2/core/no-script.css"> </noscript> <meta name="citation_title" content="Cauda equina syndrome in ankylosing spondylitis (the CES-AS syndrome): meta-analysis of outcomes after medical and surgical treatments"> <meta name="citation_authors" content="Ahn NU;Ahn UM;Nallamshetty L;Springer BD;Buchowski JM;Funches L;Garrett ES;Kostuik JP;Kebaish KM;Sponseller PD;"> <meta name="citation_date" content="2001 Oct"> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="J Spinal Disord"> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Journal of spinal disorders"> <meta name="citation_pmid" content="11586143"> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11586143/"> <meta name="citation_volume" content="14"> <meta name="citation_issue" content="5"> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1097/00002517-200110000-00009"> <meta name="citation_issn" content="0895-0385"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11586143/" /> </head> <body > <noscript> <div class="no-script-banner" id="no-script-banner"> <div class="warning-message"> <div class="warning-message-text"> This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! </div> </div> </div> </noscript> <div class="no-session-banner" id="no-session-banner" hidden> <div class="warning-message"> <div class="warning-message-text"> Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. </div> <button class="close-banner-button" title="Close Clipboard and Search History not available warning banner" ref="linksrc=close_no_session_banner" aria-controls="no-session-banner" aria-label="Close Clipboard and Search History not available warning banner" aria-expanded="true"> </button> </div> </div> <a class="usa-skipnav" href="#article-details"> Skip to main page content </a>  <section class="usa-banner"> <div class="usa-accordion"> <header class="usa-banner-header"> <div class="usa-grid usa-banner-inner"> <img src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png" alt="U.S. flag" /> <p>An official website of the United States government</p> <button class="usa-accordion-button usa-banner-button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="gov-banner-top" > <span class="usa-banner-button-text">Here's how you know</span> </button> </div> </header> <div class="usa-banner-content usa-grid usa-accordion-content" id="gov-banner-top" > <div class="usa-banner-guidance-gov usa-width-one-half"> <img class="usa-banner-icon usa-media_block-img" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg" alt="Dot gov" /> <div class="usa-media_block-body"> <p> <strong>The .gov means it’s official.</strong> <br /> Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. </p> </div> </div> <div class="usa-banner-guidance-ssl usa-width-one-half"> <img class="usa-banner-icon usa-media_block-img" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-https.svg" alt="Https" /> <div class="usa-media_block-body"> <p> <strong>The site is secure.</strong> <br /> The <strong>https://</strong> ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="usa-overlay"></div> <header class="ncbi-header" role="banner" data-section="Header"> <div class="usa-grid"> <div class="usa-width-one-whole"> <div class="ncbi-header__logo"> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" class="logo" aria-label="NCBI Logo" data-ga-action="click_image" data-ga-label="NIH NLM Logo"> <img src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/logos/AgencyLogo.svg" alt="NIH NLM Logo" /> </a> </div> <div class="ncbi-header__account"> <a id="account_login" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" class="usa-button header-button" style="display:none" data-ga-action="open_menu" data-ga-label="account_menu">Log in</a> <button id="account_info" class="header-button" style="display:none" aria-controls="account_popup"> <span class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="username desktop-only" aria-hidden="true" id="uname_short"></span> <span class="sr-only">Show account info</span> </button> </div> <div class="ncbi-popup-anchor"> <div class="ncbi-popup account-popup" id="account_popup" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="ncbi-popup-head"> <button class="ncbi-close-button" data-ga-action="close_menu" data-ga-label="account_menu"><span class="fa fa-times"></span><span class="usa-sr-only">Close</span></button> <h4>Account</h4> </div> <div class="account-user-info"> Logged in as:<br/> <b><span class="username" id="uname_long">username</span></b> </div> <div class="account-links"> <ul class="usa-unstyled-list"> <li><a id="account_myncbi" href="/myncbi/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_myncbi">Dashboard</a></li> <li><a id="account_pubs" href="/myncbi/collections/bibliography/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_pubs">Publications</a></li> <li><a id="account_settings" href="/account/settings/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_settings">Account settings</a></li> <li><a id="account_logout" href="/account/signout/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_logout">Log out</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div role="navigation" aria-label="access keys"> <a id="nws_header_accesskey_0" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/browsers/#ncbi_accesskeys" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="0" tabindex="-1">Access keys</a> <a id="nws_header_accesskey_1" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="1" tabindex="-1">NCBI Homepage</a> <a id="nws_header_accesskey_2" href="/myncbi/" class="set-base-url usa-sr-only" accesskey="2" tabindex="-1">MyNCBI Homepage</a> <a id="nws_header_accesskey_3" href="#maincontent" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="3" tabindex="-1">Main Content</a> <a id="nws_header_accesskey_4" href="#" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="4" tabindex="-1">Main Navigation</a> </div> <section data-section="Alerts"> <div class="ncbi-alerts-placeholder"></div> </section>  <a id="maincontent" aria-label="Main page content below" role="navigation"></a> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="oJy25nSbhPRrqsi9WH4f2krnIqwS0qI0cZbj245PTjJPP3QU6wZEyb3rowBDfRCc"> <form action="/" method="get" autocomplete="off" class="usa-search usa-search-big search-form content-page-layout" id="search-form" role="search"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <a class="pubmed-logo" aria-label="Pubmed Logo" href="/" data-ga-category="featured_link" data-ga-action="pubmed_logo"> <img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/0d576970-ea4f-4f8d-9bab-bf51569c42d2/core/images/pubmed-logo-blue.svg" alt="pubmed logo" /> </a> <a href="#" class="search-input-trigger" data-alt-title="Hide search bar" title="Show search bar" aria-label="Show search bar"> </a> <div role="search" class="search-input"> <div class="form-field "> <label class="usa-sr-only" for="id_term"> Search: </label> <input type="search" name="term" data-skip-ie-scroll-to-top="" data-replace-term-with-exact="" data-exact-query="" placeholder="" class="term-input" required="required" id="id_term"/><a href="#" class="clear-btn" aria-label="Clear search input" title="Clear search input" role="button" data-pinger-ignore></a><button type="submit" class="search-btn" aria-label="Search" disabled data-pinger-ignore><span class="usa-search-submit-text">Search</span></button> </div> </div>   <div class="search-links-wrapper content-page-layout"> <div class="search-links"> <a href="/advanced/" class="search-input-link adv-search-link" data-ga-category="featured_link" data-ga-action="adv_search">Advanced</a> <a href="/clipboard/" class="search-input-link clipboard-link hidden" data-ga-category="featured_link" data-ga-action="clipboard"> Clipboard <span class="amount-in-clipboard"></span> </a> </div> <span class="search-input-link user-guide-link" role="navigation" aria-label="User guide"> <a href="/help/" data-ga-category="featured_link" data-ga-action="user_guide"> User Guide </a> </span> </div> </div> </form> <div id="article-page-header"> <div id="article-top-actions-bar" class="article-top-actions-bar"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <div class="actions-container"> <div class="return-to-search"> </div> <div class="multiple-results-actions " role="region" aria-label="save, email, send to"> <button id="save-results-panel-trigger" type="button" class="save-results save-results-panel-trigger" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="save-action-panel" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="save" data-ga-label="open"> Save </button><button id="email-results-panel-trigger" type="button" class="email-results email-results-panel-trigger" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="email-action-panel" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="email" data-ga-label="open"> Email </button><div class="more-actions dropdown-block"><button id="more-actions-trigger" type="button" class="trigger more-actions-trigger" ref="linksrc=show_moreactions_btn" aria-label="Send to" aria-controls="more-actions-dropdown">Send to</button><div id="more-actions-dropdown" class="dropdown dropdown-container" hidden><div class="content"><ul class="more-actions-links"><li><a class="clipboard-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link " href="#" role="button" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="clipboard" data-ga-label="send"> Clipboard </a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link bibliography-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F11586143%2F%23open-bibliography-panel">My Bibliography</a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link collections-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F11586143%2F%23open-collections-panel">Collections</a></li><li><a role="button" class="citation-manager-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link citation-manager-trigger-target" href="#">Citation manager</a></li></ul></div></div></div> </div> <div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"> <button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"> <span class="button-label">Display options</span> </button> <div class="dropdown" hidden> <div class="title"> Display options </div> <div class="content"> <div class="format-container"> <span class="option-label"> Format </span> <select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="article-display-format"> <option value="abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="pubmed">PubMed</option> <option value="pmid">PMID</option> </select> </div> </div> </div> </div> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="oJy25nSbhPRrqsi9WH4f2krnIqwS0qI0cZbj245PTjJPP3QU6wZEyb3rowBDfRCc"> </div> </div> </div> <div id="article-panels-container" class="article-panels-container"> <div id="save-action-panel" class="save-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Save citation to file </h2> <form id="save-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="oJy25nSbhPRrqsi9WH4f2krnIqwS0qI0cZbj245PTjJPP3QU6wZEyb3rowBDfRCc"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="save-action-format" class="action-panel-label"> Format: </label> <select id="save-action-format" name="results-format" class="action-panel-selector"> <option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option> <option value="pubmed-text">PubMed</option> <option value="pmid">PMID</option> <option value="abstract">Abstract (text)</option> <option value="csv">CSV</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="save" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Save citations to file' panel" ref="linksrc=close_save_panel" aria-controls="save-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="save" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="email-action-panel" class="email-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-recaptcha-script-url="https://www.recaptcha.net/recaptcha/enterprise.js?render=explicit&onload=onloadCaptchaCallback" data-recaptcha-enabled="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Email citation </h2> <form id="email-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/send-email/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-email-by-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/send-email/" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post" method="post" > <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="oJy25nSbhPRrqsi9WH4f2krnIqwS0qI0cZbj245PTjJPP3QU6wZEyb3rowBDfRCc"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <span class="action-panel-label"> Subject: </span> <span class="email-subject" id="email-subject" aria-label="Email subject">1 selected item: 11586143 - PubMed</span> <input type="hidden" name="email-subject" value="1 selected item: 11586143"/> <input type="hidden" name="email-subject-hash" value="2f1f488784bf61b49191a1e118876c3d0115a9038d379133f7adc6f1efa951e6"/> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="email-to" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> To: </label> <input type="email" aria-label="Recipient Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-to" class="email-to" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="100" required> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="email-from" class="action-panel-label"> From: </label> <input type="email" aria-label="Sender Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-from" class="email-from" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="256"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="email-citation-format" class="action-panel-label"> Format: </label> <select id="email-citation-format" name="citation-format" class="action-panel-selector email-citation-format"> <option selected="selected" value="summary">Summary</option> <option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option> <option value="abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="abstract-text">Abstract (text)</option> </select> </div> <div class="include-supplemental-container"> <input type="checkbox" aria-label="Include MeSH and other data" name="include-supplemental" id="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental"> <label for="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental-label">MeSH and other data</label> </div> <div class="form-field recaptcha "> <div class="g-recaptcha" id="id-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LfsWHMdAAAAAClKbtOpjQ2pMjgsGxvv7NdZW9uI"></div> </div> <div id="captcha-error-message" class="usa-input-error-message captcha-validation-message" role="alert"></div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="email" data-ga-label="send"> Send email </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Email citations' panel" ref="linksrc=close_email_panel" aria-controls="email-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="email" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> <input type="hidden" name="email-search-details" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="email-search-details-hash" value="0e42663a6c3bd85498fcb88798998fed7bfdc45d457db35281e41afe13cc0524" /> </form> </div> </div> <div id="collections-action-panel" class="collections-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-collections-open-panel-enabled="false" data-collections-open-panel-url-hash="#open-collections-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h3 class="action-panel-heading"> Add to Collections </h3> <form id="collections-action-panel-form" class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/" data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/" data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/" data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100" data-add-to-collection-max-amount="1000" data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="oJy25nSbhPRrqsi9WH4f2krnIqwS0qI0cZbj245PTjJPP3QU6wZEyb3rowBDfRCc"> <div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="collections-action-panel-new" class="collections-new" name="collections" value="new" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"> <label for="collections-action-panel-new">Create a new collection</label> </li> <li> <input type="radio" id="collections-action-panel-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"> <label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="controls-wrapper"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label> <input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"> <div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label> <select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"> </select> <div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="bibliography-action-panel" class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false" data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h3 class="action-panel-heading"> Add to My Bibliography </h3> <form id="bibliography-action-panel-form" class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100" data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10" data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/" data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/" data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="oJy25nSbhPRrqsi9WH4f2krnIqwS0qI0cZbj245PTjJPP3QU6wZEyb3rowBDfRCc"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls"> <div class="choice-group"> <ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items"> <li> <input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/> <label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel" ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel" aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="mybib" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true" data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false" data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your saved search </h2> <form id="saved-search-action-panel-form" class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/" data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/" data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="oJy25nSbhPRrqsi9WH4f2krnIqwS0qI0cZbj245PTjJPP3QU6wZEyb3rowBDfRCc"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of saved search: </label> <input maxlength="200" type="text" name="saved-search-name" id="saved-search-name" class="saved-search-name" value="" required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Search terms: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea> </div> <div class="test-search-term-wrap"> <a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a> </div> <div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label"> Would you like email updates of new search results? </span> <fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label"> <legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked> <label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label> </li> <li> <input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no"> <label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label> </li> </ul> </fieldset> </div> <div class="alert-schedule-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label class="action-panel-label"> Email: </label> <span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label"> Frequency: </label> <select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency"> <option value="monthly">Monthly</option> <option value="weekly">Weekly</option> <option value="daily">Daily</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector"> <option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">The first Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">The first Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option> <option value="day">The first day</option> <option value="weekday">The first weekday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day"> <option value="Sunday">Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">Saturday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label"> Report format: </label> <select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report"> <option value="DocSum">Summary</option> <option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option> <option value="Abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option> <option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label"> Send at most: </label> <select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount"> <option value="1">1 item</option> <option value="5" selected>5 items</option> <option value="10">10 items</option> <option value="20">20 items</option> <option value="50">50 items</option> <option value="100">100 items</option> <option value="200">200 items</option> </select> </div> <div> <input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result"> <label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox"> Send even when there aren't any new results </label> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label"> Optional text in email: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-email-text" id="saved-search-email-text" class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Save </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel" ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel" aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Create a file for external citation management software </h2> <form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="oJy25nSbhPRrqsi9WH4f2krnIqwS0qI0cZbj245PTjJPP3QU6wZEyb3rowBDfRCc"> <input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel" ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel" aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your RSS Feed </h2> <form id="rss-action-panel-form" class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/" data-search-form-term-value=""> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="oJy25nSbhPRrqsi9WH4f2krnIqwS0qI0cZbj245PTjJPP3QU6wZEyb3rowBDfRCc"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of RSS Feed: </label> <input maxlength="200" placeholder="Name" type="text" name="rss-name" id="rss-name" class="rss-name" value='' required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="rss-limit-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label"> Number of items displayed: </label> <select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit"> <option value="5">5</option> <option value="10">10</option> <option value="15" selected="selected">15</option> <option value="20">20</option> <option value="50">50</option> <option value="100">100</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Creating..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Create RSS </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel" ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel" aria-controls="rss-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap"> <label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label> <input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link"> <button type="button" disabled class="rss-link-copy-button disabled" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="rss" data-ga-label="copy"> Copy </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="11586143"> <aside class="page-sidebar"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <div class="actions-buttons sidebar"><h3 class="title">Actions</h3><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/11586143/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/11586143/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><link type="text/css" href="ncbi-overlay-block/src/overlay-block.css"><div class="collections-button-container" data-article-id="11586143" data-article-db="pubmed"><button class="collections-button collections-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Save article in MyNCBI collections." data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_button" data-collections-open-dialog-enabled="false" data-collections-open-dialog-url="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F11586143%2F%23open-collections-dialog" data-in-collections="false"><span class="button-label">Collections</span></button><div class="overlay" role="dialog"><div id="collections-action-dialog" class="dialog collections-dialog" aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Add to Collections</div><div class="collections-action-panel action-panel"><form id="collections-action-dialog-form" class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/" data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/" data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/" data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100" data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="oJy25nSbhPRrqsi9WH4f2krnIqwS0qI0cZbj245PTjJPP3QU6wZEyb3rowBDfRCc"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio" id="collections-action-dialog-new" class="collections-new" name="collections" value="new" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio" id="collections-action-dialog-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label><input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('.collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"></select><div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br><a href="#">Please try again</a></div></div></div><div class="action-panel-actions"><button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button><button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button></div></form></div></div></div></div><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="sidebar-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="social-sharing"> <h3 class="title"> Share </h3> <ul class="social-sharing-links usa-unstyled-list"> <li> <a href="http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Cauda%20equina%20syndrome%20in%20ankylosing%20spondylitis%20%28the%20CES-AS%20syndrome%29%3A%20meta-analysis%20of%20outcomes%20after%20medical%20and%20%E2%80%A6%20https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11586143/" class="share-link share-link-twitter" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="Pubmed-Social-Media-Share-Popup" title="Share article on Twitter" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="social" data-ga-label="twitter"></a> </li> <li> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11586143/" class="share-link share-link-facebook" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="Pubmed-Social-Media-Share-Popup" title="Share article on Facebook" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="social" data-ga-label="fb"></a> </li> <li> <div class="share-permalink"> <button class="trigger" title="Show article permalink" ref="linksrc=show_permalink_btn"> </button> <div class="dropdown" hidden> <div class="title"> Permalink </div> <div class="content"> <input type="text" class="permalink-text" value="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11586143/" aria-label="Article permalink"/><button class="permalink-copy-button usa-button-primary" title="Copy article permalink" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="link" data-ga-label="copy_link"><span class="button-title">Copy</span></button> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <nav class="page-navigator" role="navigation" aria-label="Page navigation"> <div class="full-view"> <h3 class="title"> Page navigation </h3> <ul class="items-list"> <li class="heading "> <a href="#heading" aria-label="navigate to Title & authors section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="heading"> Title & authors </a> </li> <li class="abstract "> <a href="#abstract" aria-label="navigate to Abstract section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="abstract"> Abstract </a> </li> <li class="similar "> <a href="#similar" aria-label="navigate to Similar articles section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="similar"> Similar articles </a> </li> <li class="citedby "> <a href="#citedby" aria-label="navigate to Cited by section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="citedby"> Cited by </a> </li> <li class="publication-types "> <a href="#publication-types" aria-label="navigate to Publication types section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="publication-types"> Publication types </a> </li> <li class="mesh-terms "> <a href="#mesh-terms" aria-label="navigate to MeSH terms section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="mesh-terms"> MeSH terms </a> </li> <li class="substances "> <a href="#substances" aria-label="navigate to Substances section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="substances"> Substances </a> </li> <li class="related-links "> <a href="#related-links" aria-label="navigate to Related information section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="related-links"> Related information </a> </li> <li class="linkout "> <a href="#linkout" aria-label="navigate to LinkOut - more resources section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="linkout"> LinkOut - more resources </a> </li> </ul> </div> <select class="short-view" autocomplete="off" title="navigate to selected section" aria-label="Navigate to page section"> <option value="heading">Title & authors</option> <option value="abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="similar">Similar articles</option> <option value="citedby">Cited by</option> <option value="publication-types">Publication types</option> <option value="mesh-terms">MeSH terms</option> <option value="substances">Substances</option> <option value="related-links">Related information</option> <option value="linkout">LinkOut - more resources</option> </select> </nav> </div> </aside> <main class="article-details" id="article-details">   <header class="heading" id="heading"> <div class="full-view" id="full-view-heading"> <div class="article-citation"> <div class="publication-type" >Meta-Analysis</div> <div class="article-source"> <div class="journal-actions dropdown-block"><button id="full-view-journal-trigger" class="journal-actions-trigger trigger" ref="linksrc=journal_actions_btn" title="Journal of spinal disorders" tabindex="0" aria-controls="full-view-journal" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for journal Journal of spinal disorders" data-pinger-ignore> J Spinal Disord </button><div id="full-view-journal" class="journal-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for journal Journal of spinal disorders"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="journal-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22J+Spinal+Disord%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22J+Spinal+Disord%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_journal_name_link&journal_abbrev=J Spinal Disord" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="J Spinal Disord"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-nlm-catalog-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=search_in_nlm_catalog_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22J+Spinal+Disord%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D" data-ga-category="search_catalog" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="J Spinal Disord"> Search in NLM Catalog </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term='"J Spinal Disord"[jour]' data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label='"J Spinal Disord"[jour]' href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2001 Oct;14(5):427-33.</span> </div> <span class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.1097/00002517-200110000-00009. </span> </div> <h1 class="heading-title"> Cauda equina syndrome in ankylosing spondylitis (the CES-AS syndrome): meta-analysis of outcomes after medical and surgical treatments </h1> <div class="inline-authors"> <div class="authors"> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Ahn+NU&cauthor_id=11586143" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="N U Ahn">N U Ahn</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Ahn+UM&cauthor_id=11586143" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="U M Ahn">U M Ahn</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Nallamshetty+L&cauthor_id=11586143" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="L Nallamshetty">L Nallamshetty</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Springer+BD&cauthor_id=11586143" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="B D Springer">B D Springer</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Buchowski+JM&cauthor_id=11586143" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="J M Buchowski">J M Buchowski</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Funches+L&cauthor_id=11586143" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="L Funches">L Funches</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Garrett+ES&cauthor_id=11586143" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="E S Garrett">E S Garrett</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Kostuik+JP&cauthor_id=11586143" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="J P Kostuik">J P Kostuik</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Kebaish+KM&cauthor_id=11586143" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="K M Kebaish">K M Kebaish</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Sponseller+PD&cauthor_id=11586143" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="P D Sponseller">P D Sponseller</a></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="short-article-details"> Affiliations <button class="more-details" id="toggle-authors" data-alt-text="Collapse" aria-controls="expanded-authors" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore data-fetch-url="/11586143/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title"> Expand </span> </button> </div> <div class="extended-article-details" id="expanded-authors" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="expanded-authors" id="full-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliation </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-1" id="full-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="full-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">11586143</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1097/00002517-200110000-00009&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1097/00002517-200110000-00009" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1097/00002517-200110000-00009 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> <div class="short-view" id="short-view-heading"> <div class="publication-type" >Meta-Analysis</div> <h1 class="heading-title"> Cauda equina syndrome in ankylosing spondylitis (the CES-AS syndrome): meta-analysis of outcomes after medical and surgical treatments </h1> <div class="short-citation"> <span class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><span class="full-name">N U Ahn</span><span class="citation-separator"> et al.</span></span> </span> <span class="citation-journal"> J Spinal Disord<span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> <span class="date"> <span class="citation-year">2001 Oct</span><span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> </div> <div class="more-article-details-section with-display-settings"> <button class="more-article-details" id="toggle-article-details" data-alt-text="Hide details" ref="linksrc=toggle_article_details" aria-controls="full-article-details" aria-expanded="false" data-fetch-url="/11586143/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title">Show details</span> </button> <div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"> <button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"> <span class="button-label">Display options</span> </button> <div class="dropdown" hidden> <div class="title"> Display options </div> <div class="content"> <div class="format-container"> <span class="option-label"> Format </span> <select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="mobile-display-format"> <option value="abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="pubmed">PubMed</option> <option value="pmid">PMID</option> </select> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="extended-article-details" id="full-article-details" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="article-citation"> <div class="article-source"> <div class="journal-actions dropdown-block"><button id="short-view-journal-trigger" class="journal-actions-trigger trigger" ref="linksrc=journal_actions_btn" title="Journal of spinal disorders" tabindex="0" aria-controls="short-view-journal" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for journal Journal of spinal disorders" data-pinger-ignore> J Spinal Disord </button><div id="short-view-journal" class="journal-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for journal Journal of spinal disorders"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="journal-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22J+Spinal+Disord%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22J+Spinal+Disord%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_journal_name_link&journal_abbrev=J Spinal Disord" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="J Spinal Disord"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-nlm-catalog-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=search_in_nlm_catalog_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22J+Spinal+Disord%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D" data-ga-category="search_catalog" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="J Spinal Disord"> Search in NLM Catalog </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term='"J Spinal Disord"[jour]' data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label='"J Spinal Disord"[jour]' href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2001 Oct;14(5):427-33.</span> </div> <span class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.1097/00002517-200110000-00009. </span> </div> <div class="expanded-authors" id="short-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="authors"> <h3 class="title"> Authors </h3> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Ahn+NU&cauthor_id=11586143" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="N U Ahn">N U Ahn</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Ahn+UM&cauthor_id=11586143" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="U M Ahn">U M Ahn</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Nallamshetty+L&cauthor_id=11586143" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="L Nallamshetty">L Nallamshetty</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Springer+BD&cauthor_id=11586143" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="B D Springer">B D Springer</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Buchowski+JM&cauthor_id=11586143" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="J M Buchowski">J M Buchowski</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Funches+L&cauthor_id=11586143" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="L Funches">L Funches</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Garrett+ES&cauthor_id=11586143" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="E S Garrett">E S Garrett</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Kostuik+JP&cauthor_id=11586143" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="J P Kostuik">J P Kostuik</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Kebaish+KM&cauthor_id=11586143" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="K M Kebaish">K M Kebaish</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Sponseller+PD&cauthor_id=11586143" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="P D Sponseller">P D Sponseller</a></span> </div> </div> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliation </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1" id="short-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="short-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">11586143</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1097/00002517-200110000-00009&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1097/00002517-200110000-00009" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1097/00002517-200110000-00009 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="actions-buttons inline"><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/11586143/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/11586143/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="inline-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="abstract" id="abstract"> <h2 class="title"> Abstract </h2> <div class="abstract-content selected" id="eng-abstract"> <p> The cauda equina syndrome in ankylosing spondylitis (the CES-AS syndrome) is marked by slow, insidious progression and a high incidence of dural ectasia in the lumbosacral spine. A high index of suspicion for this problem must be maintained when evaluating the patient with ankylosing spondylitis with a history of incontinence and neurologic deficit on examination. There has been disagreement in the literature as to whether surgical treatment is warranted for this condition. A meta-analysis was thus performed comparing outcomes with treatment regimens. Our results suggest that leaving these patients untreated or treating with steroids alone is inappropriate. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs may improve back pain but do not improve neurologic deficit. Surgical treatment of the dural ectasia, either by lumboperitoneal shunting or laminectomy, may improve neurologic dysfunction or halt the progression of neurologic deficit. </p> </div> </div> <p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer"> <a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" ga_category="literature_resources" ga_action="disclaimer_link" ga_label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a> </p> <div class="similar-articles" id="similar"> <h2 class="title"> Similar articles </h2> <ul class="articles-list" id="similar-articles-list"> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/18710808/" ref="article_id=18710808&linksrc=similar_articles_link&ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="18710808" data-ga-label=""> Lumboperitoneal shunt for treatment of dural ectasia in ankylosing spondylitis. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Dinichert A, Cornelius JF, Lot G.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Dinichert A, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">J Clin Neurosci. 2008 Oct;15(10):1179-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2007.09.003. Epub 2008 Aug 16.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">J Clin Neurosci. 2008.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">18710808</span></span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/21606066/" ref="article_id=21606066&linksrc=similar_articles_link&ordinalpos=2" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="21606066" data-ga-label=""> Cauda equina syndrome and dural ectasia: rare manifestations in chronic ankylosing spondylitis. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Liu CC, Lin YC, Lo CP, Chang TP.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Liu CC, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Br J Radiol. 2011 Jun;84(1002):e123-5. doi: 10.1259/bjr/45816561.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Br J Radiol. 2011.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">21606066</span></span> <span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span> <span class="publication-type spaced-citation-item citation-part">Review.</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/19479855/" ref="article_id=19479855&linksrc=similar_articles_link&ordinalpos=3" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="19479855" data-ga-label=""> Dramatic efficacy of infliximab in cauda equina syndrome complicating ankylosing spondylitis. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Cornec D, Devauchelle Pensec V, Joulin SJ, Saraux A.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Cornec D, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Arthritis Rheum. 2009 Jun;60(6):1657-60. doi: 10.1002/art.24597.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Arthritis Rheum. 2009.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">19479855</span></span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/25628815/" ref="article_id=25628815&linksrc=similar_articles_link&ordinalpos=4" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="25628815" data-ga-label=""> Cauda equina syndrome associated with dural ectasia in chronic anlylosing spondylitis. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Ha SW, Son BC.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Ha SW, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2014 Dec;56(6):517-20. doi: 10.3340/jkns.2014.56.6.517. Epub 2014 Dec 31.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2014.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">25628815</span></span> <span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/7711415/" ref="article_id=7711415&linksrc=similar_articles_link&ordinalpos=5" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="7711415" data-ga-label=""> Cauda equina syndrome with multiple lumbar diverticula complicating long-standing ankylosing spondylitis. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Schröder R, Urbach H, Zierz S.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Schröder R, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Clin Investig. 1994 Dec;72(12):1056-9. doi: 10.1007/BF00577755.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Clin Investig. 1994.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">7711415</span></span> <span class="publication-type spaced-citation-item citation-part">Review.</span> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="actions-bar"> <a class="show-all-linked-articles" data-href="/?linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=11586143" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="show_all" > See all similar articles </a> </div> </div> <div class="citedby-articles" id="citedby"> <h2 class="title"> Cited by </h2> <ul class="articles-list" id="citedby-articles-list"> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/36178925/" ref="article_id=36178925&linksrc=citedby_articles_link&ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="cited_by" data-ga-action="36178925" data-ga-label=""> The leptomeninges as a critical organ for normal CNS development and function: First patient and public involved systematic review of arachnoiditis (chronic meningitis). </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Palackdkharry CS, Wottrich S, Dienes E, Bydon M, Steinmetz MP, Traynelis VC.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Palackdkharry CS, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">PLoS One. 2022 Sep 30;17(9):e0274634. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274634. eCollection 2022.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">PLoS One. 2022.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">36178925</span></span> <span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span> <span class="publication-type spaced-citation-item citation-part">Review.</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/33133247/" ref="article_id=33133247&linksrc=citedby_articles_link&ordinalpos=2" data-ga-category="cited_by" data-ga-action="33133247" data-ga-label=""> Comorbid pain in axial spondyloarthritis, including fibromyalgia. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">López-Medina C, Moltó A.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">López-Medina C, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2020 Oct 16;12:1759720X20966123. doi: 10.1177/1759720X20966123. eCollection 2020.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2020.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">33133247</span></span> <span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span> <span class="publication-type spaced-citation-item citation-part">Review.</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/32808085/" ref="article_id=32808085&linksrc=citedby_articles_link&ordinalpos=3" data-ga-category="cited_by" data-ga-action="32808085" data-ga-label=""> Dural ectasias in ankylosing spondylitis. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Bansal P, Rich T.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Bansal P, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Clin Rheumatol. 2021 Jan;40(1):421-422. doi: 10.1007/s10067-020-05348-1. Epub 2020 Aug 18.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Clin Rheumatol. 2021.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">32808085</span></span> <span class="no-abstract spaced-citation-item citation-part">No abstract available.</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/31666997/" ref="article_id=31666997&linksrc=citedby_articles_link&ordinalpos=4" data-ga-category="cited_by" data-ga-action="31666997" data-ga-label=""> Ankylosing spondylitis: etiology, pathogenesis, and treatments. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Zhu W, He X, Cheng K, Zhang L, Chen D, Wang X, Qiu G, Cao X, Weng X.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Zhu W, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Bone Res. 2019 Aug 5;7:22. doi: 10.1038/s41413-019-0057-8. eCollection 2019.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Bone Res. 2019.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">31666997</span></span> <span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/30782057/" ref="article_id=30782057&linksrc=citedby_articles_link&ordinalpos=5" data-ga-category="cited_by" data-ga-action="30782057" data-ga-label=""> Lumbar bone erosion with anterior dural ectasia in ankylosing spondylitis: a case report. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Huang ZX, Deng WM, Guo X, Lin CL, Li TW.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Huang ZX, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">J Int Med Res. 2019 Mar;47(3):1395-1400. doi: 10.1177/0300060519827701. Epub 2019 Feb 19.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">J Int Med Res. 2019.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">30782057</span></span> <span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="actions-bar"> <a class="show-all-linked-articles" data-href="/?linkname=pubmed_pubmed_citedin&from_uid=11586143" data-ga-category="cited_by" data-ga-action="show_all" > See all "Cited by" articles </a> </div> </div> <div id="publication-types" class="publication-types keywords-section"> <h2 class="title"> Publication types </h2> <ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Case Reports" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-publication-types-0" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Case Reports </button><div id="keyword-actions-publication-types-0" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Case Reports"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Case+Reports%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Case+Reports%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Case Reports"[pt]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="pub_type" data-ga-label="Case Reports"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Case+Reports" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="pub_type_link" data-ga-label="Case Reports"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Case Reports"[pt]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Case Reports"[pt]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Meta-Analysis" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-publication-types-1" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Meta-Analysis </button><div id="keyword-actions-publication-types-1" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Meta-Analysis"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Meta-Analysis%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Meta-Analysis%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Meta-Analysis"[pt]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="pub_type" data-ga-label="Meta-Analysis"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Meta-Analysis" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="pub_type_link" data-ga-label="Meta-Analysis"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Meta-Analysis"[pt]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Meta-Analysis"[pt]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul> </div> <div id="mesh-terms" class="mesh-terms keywords-section"> <h2 class="title"> MeSH terms </h2> <ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Adult" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-0" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Adult </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-0" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Adult"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Adult%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Adult%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Adult"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Adult"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Adult" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Adult"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Adult"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Adult"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / therapeutic use" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-1" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / therapeutic use </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-1" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / therapeutic use"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Anti-Inflammatory+Agents%2C+Non-Steroidal%2Ftherapeutic+use%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Anti-Inflammatory+Agents%2C+Non-Steroidal%2Ftherapeutic+use%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / therapeutic use"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Anti-Inflammatory+Agents%2C+Non-Steroidal" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / therapeutic use"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Humans" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-2" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Humans </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-2" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Humans"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Humans"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Humans"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Humans" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Humans"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Humans"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Humans"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Logistic Models" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-3" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Logistic Models </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-3" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Logistic Models"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Logistic+Models%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Logistic+Models%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Logistic Models"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Logistic Models"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Logistic+Models" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Logistic Models"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Logistic Models"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Logistic Models"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Lumbosacral Region / surgery" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-4" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Lumbosacral Region / surgery </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-4" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Lumbosacral Region / surgery"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Lumbosacral+Region%2Fsurgery%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Lumbosacral+Region%2Fsurgery%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Lumbosacral Region/surgery"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Lumbosacral Region / surgery"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Lumbosacral+Region" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Lumbosacral Region / surgery"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Lumbosacral Region/surgery"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Lumbosacral Region/surgery"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Male" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-5" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Male </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-5" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Male"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Male%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Male%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Male"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Male"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Male" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Male"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Male"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Male"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Odds Ratio" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-6" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Odds Ratio </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-6" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Odds Ratio"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Odds+Ratio%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Odds+Ratio%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Odds Ratio"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Odds Ratio"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Odds+Ratio" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Odds Ratio"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Odds Ratio"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Odds Ratio"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Polyradiculopathy / drug therapy" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-7" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Polyradiculopathy / drug therapy </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-7" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Polyradiculopathy / drug therapy"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Polyradiculopathy%2Fdrug+therapy%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Polyradiculopathy%2Fdrug+therapy%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Polyradiculopathy/drug therapy"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Polyradiculopathy / drug therapy"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Polyradiculopathy" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Polyradiculopathy / drug therapy"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Polyradiculopathy/drug therapy"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Polyradiculopathy/drug therapy"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Polyradiculopathy / surgery*" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-8" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Polyradiculopathy / surgery* </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-8" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Polyradiculopathy / surgery*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Polyradiculopathy%2Fsurgery%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Polyradiculopathy%2Fsurgery%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Polyradiculopathy/surgery"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Polyradiculopathy / surgery*"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Polyradiculopathy" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Polyradiculopathy / surgery*"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Polyradiculopathy/surgery"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Polyradiculopathy/surgery"[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Spinal Cord Injuries / diagnosis" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-9" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Spinal Cord Injuries / diagnosis </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-9" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Spinal Cord Injuries / diagnosis"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Spinal+Cord+Injuries%2Fdiagnosis%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Spinal+Cord+Injuries%2Fdiagnosis%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Spinal Cord Injuries/diagnosis"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Spinal Cord Injuries / diagnosis"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Spinal+Cord+Injuries" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Spinal Cord Injuries / diagnosis"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Spinal Cord Injuries/diagnosis"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Spinal Cord Injuries/diagnosis"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Spinal Cord Injuries / surgery" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-10" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Spinal Cord Injuries / surgery </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-10" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Spinal Cord Injuries / surgery"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Spinal+Cord+Injuries%2Fsurgery%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Spinal+Cord+Injuries%2Fsurgery%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Spinal Cord Injuries/surgery"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Spinal Cord Injuries / surgery"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Spinal+Cord+Injuries" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Spinal Cord Injuries / surgery"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Spinal Cord Injuries/surgery"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Spinal Cord Injuries/surgery"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Spondylitis, Ankylosing / drug therapy" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-11" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Spondylitis, Ankylosing / drug therapy </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-11" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Spondylitis, Ankylosing / drug therapy"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Spondylitis%2C+Ankylosing%2Fdrug+therapy%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Spondylitis%2C+Ankylosing%2Fdrug+therapy%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Spondylitis, Ankylosing/drug therapy"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Spondylitis, Ankylosing / drug therapy"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Spondylitis%2C+Ankylosing" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Spondylitis, Ankylosing / drug therapy"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Spondylitis, Ankylosing/drug therapy"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Spondylitis, Ankylosing/drug therapy"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Spondylitis, Ankylosing / surgery*" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-12" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Spondylitis, Ankylosing / surgery* </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-12" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Spondylitis, Ankylosing / surgery*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Spondylitis%2C+Ankylosing%2Fsurgery%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Spondylitis%2C+Ankylosing%2Fsurgery%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Spondylitis, Ankylosing/surgery"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Spondylitis, Ankylosing / surgery*"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Spondylitis%2C+Ankylosing" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Spondylitis, Ankylosing / surgery*"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Spondylitis, Ankylosing/surgery"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Spondylitis, Ankylosing/surgery"[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Treatment Outcome" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-13" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Treatment Outcome </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-13" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Treatment Outcome"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Treatment+Outcome%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Treatment+Outcome%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Treatment Outcome"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Treatment Outcome"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Treatment+Outcome" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Treatment Outcome"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Treatment Outcome"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Treatment Outcome"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul> </div> <div id="substances" class="substances keywords-section"> <h2 class="title"> Substances </h2> <ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-0" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal </button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-0" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Anti-Inflammatory+Agents%2C+Non-Steroidal%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Anti-Inflammatory+Agents%2C+Non-Steroidal%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="substance" data-ga-label="Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Anti-Inflammatory+Agents%2C+Non-Steroidal%22" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="substance_link" data-ga-label="Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal"[nm]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul> </div> <div id="related-links" class="related-links"> <h2 class="title"> Related information </h2> <ul class="related-links-list"><li><a title="Related information in MedGen" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen?linkname=pubmed_medgen&from_uid=11586143" ref="log$=recordlinks&logdbfrom=pubmed&ncbi_uid=11586143&ordinalpos=1&linkpos=1"> MedGen </a></li></ul> </div> <div id="linkout" class="linkout"> <h2 class="title"> LinkOut - more resources </h2> <ul class="linkout-list"><li><h3 class="linkout-category">Full Text Sources</h3><ul class="linkout-category-links"><li><a href="http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&PAGE=linkout&SEARCH=11586143.ui" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=linkout_link&PrId=3682&uid=11586143&db=pubmed&itool=Abstract&log$=linkoutlink&nlmid=8904842" data-ga-category="link_out" data-ga-action="Full Text Sources" data-ga-label="Ovid Technologies, Inc." > Ovid Technologies, Inc. </a></li></ul></li><li><h3 class="linkout-category">Medical</h3><ul class="linkout-category-links"><li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ankylosingspondylitis.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=linkout_link&PrId=3162&uid=11586143&db=pubmed&itool=Abstract&log$=linkoutlink&nlmid=8904842" data-ga-category="link_out" data-ga-action="Medical" data-ga-label="MedlinePlus Health Information" > MedlinePlus Health Information </a></li></ul></li><li><h3 class="linkout-category">Research Materials</h3><ul class="linkout-category-links"><li><a href="https://antibodies.cancer.gov/detail/CPTC-HLA-B-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=linkout_link&PrId=8467&uid=11586143&db=pubmed&itool=Abstract&log$=linkoutlink&nlmid=8904842" data-ga-category="link_out" data-ga-action="Research Materials" data-ga-label="NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program" > NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program </a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> </main> <div class="overlay" role="dialog" aria-label="Citation Dialog"> <div class="dialog citation-dialog"> <button class="close-overlay" tabindex="1">[x]</button> <div class="title">Cite</div> <div class="citation-text-block"> <div class="citation-text"></div> <div class="citation-actions"> <button class="copy-button dialog-focus" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="copy" tabindex="2"> Copy </button> <form method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="oJy25nSbhPRrqsi9WH4f2krnIqwS0qI0cZbj245PTjJPP3QU6wZEyb3rowBDfRCc"> <button type="submit" class="export-button" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="download" title="Download a file for external citation management software" tabindex="3"> <span class="download-title">Download .nbib</span> <span class="download-title-mobile">.nbib</span> </button> </form> <div class="citation-style-selector-wrapper"> <label class="selector-label">Format:</label> <select aria-label="Format" class="citation-style-selector" tabindex="4"> <option data-style-url-name="ama" value="AMA" > AMA </option> <option data-style-url-name="apa" value="APA" > APA </option> <option data-style-url-name="mla" value="MLA" > MLA </option> <option data-style-url-name="nlm" value="NLM" selected="selected"> NLM </option> </select> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="overlay" role="dialog" aria-label="More Actions Dialog"> <div id="more-actions-dialog" class="dialog more-actions-dialog"> <strong class="title">Send To</strong> <ul class="more-actions-links"> <li><a id="clipboard-trigger" role="button" class="submit-button clipboard-trigger clipboard-trigger-target dialog-focus link-item " href="#">Clipboard</a></li> <li><a class="email-trigger link-item" role="button" href="#">Email</a></li> <li><a class="save-trigger link-item" role="button" href="#">Save</a></li> <li><a class="link-item" role="button" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F11586143%2F%23open-bibliography-panel">My Bibliography</a></li> <li><a class="link-item" role="button" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F11586143%2F%23open-collections-panel">Collections</a></li> <li><a class="citation-manager-trigger link-item" role="button" href="#">Citation Manager</a></li> </ul> <button class="close-overlay">[x]</button> </div> </div> </div> <div id="ncbi-footer"> <div class="literature-footer" role="complementary" title="Links to NCBI Literature Resources"> <div class="usa-grid"> <p class="literature-footer-text">NCBI Literature Resources</p> <p class="literature-footer-text"> <a class="literature-footer-link" data-ga-category="literature_resources" data-ga-action="mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/">MeSH</a> <a class="literature-footer-link" data-ga-category="literature_resources" data-ga-action="pmc_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/">PMC</a> <a class="literature-footer-link" data-ga-category="literature_resources" data-ga-action="bookshelf_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books">Bookshelf</a> <a class="literature-footer-link" data-ga-category="literature_resources" data-ga-action="disclaimer_link" href="/disclaimer/">Disclaimer</a> </p> <p class="literature-footer-text attribution-statement">The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited.</p> </div> </div>  <footer> <section class="icon-section"> <div id="icon-section-header" class="icon-section_header">Follow NCBI</div> <div class="grid-container container"> <div class="icon-section_container"> <a class="footer-icon" id="footer_twitter" href="https://twitter.com/ncbi" aria-label="Twitter"> <svg width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 37" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title>Twitter</title> <g id="twitterx1008"> <path id="path1008" d="M6.06736 7L16.8778 20.8991L6.00001 32.2H10.2L18.6 23.1L25.668 32.2H34L22.8 17.5L31.9 7H28.4L20.7 15.4L14.401 7H6.06898H6.06736ZM9.66753 8.73423H12.9327L29.7327 30.4658H26.5697L9.66753 8.73423Z" fill="#5B616B"/> </g> </svg> </a> <a class="footer-icon" id="footer_facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/ncbi.nlm" aria-label="Facebook"><svg data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 300 300"> <title>Facebook</title> <path class="cls-11" d="M210.5,115.12H171.74V97.82c0-8.14,5.39-10,9.19-10h27.14V52l-39.32-.12c-35.66,0-42.42,26.68-42.42,43.77v19.48H99.09v36.32h27.24v109h45.41v-109h35Z"> </path> </svg></a> <a class="footer-icon" id="footer_linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/ncbinlm" aria-label="LinkedIn"><svg data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 300 300"> <title>LinkedIn</title> <path class="cls-11" d="M101.64,243.37H57.79v-114h43.85Zm-22-131.54h-.26c-13.25,0-21.82-10.36-21.82-21.76,0-11.65,8.84-21.15,22.33-21.15S101.7,78.72,102,90.38C102,101.77,93.4,111.83,79.63,111.83Zm100.93,52.61A17.54,17.54,0,0,0,163,182v61.39H119.18s.51-105.23,0-114H163v13a54.33,54.33,0,0,1,34.54-12.66c26,0,44.39,18.8,44.39,55.29v58.35H198.1V182A17.54,17.54,0,0,0,180.56,164.44Z"> </path> </svg></a> <a class="footer-icon" id="footer_github" href="https://github.com/ncbi" aria-label="GitHub"><svg data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 300 300"> <defs> <style> .cls-11, .cls-12 { fill: #737373; } .cls-11 { fill-rule: evenodd; } </style> </defs> <title>GitHub</title> <path class="cls-11" d="M151.36,47.28a105.76,105.76,0,0,0-33.43,206.1c5.28,1,7.22-2.3,7.22-5.09,0-2.52-.09-10.85-.14-19.69-29.42,6.4-35.63-12.48-35.63-12.48-4.81-12.22-11.74-15.47-11.74-15.47-9.59-6.56.73-6.43.73-6.43,10.61.75,16.21,10.9,16.21,10.9,9.43,16.17,24.73,11.49,30.77,8.79,1-6.83,3.69-11.5,6.71-14.14C108.57,197.1,83.88,188,83.88,147.51a40.92,40.92,0,0,1,10.9-28.39c-1.1-2.66-4.72-13.42,1-28,0,0,8.88-2.84,29.09,10.84a100.26,100.26,0,0,1,53,0C198,88.3,206.9,91.14,206.9,91.14c5.76,14.56,2.14,25.32,1,28a40.87,40.87,0,0,1,10.89,28.39c0,40.62-24.74,49.56-48.29,52.18,3.79,3.28,7.17,9.71,7.17,19.58,0,14.15-.12,25.54-.12,29,0,2.82,1.9,6.11,7.26,5.07A105.76,105.76,0,0,0,151.36,47.28Z"> </path> <path class="cls-12" d="M85.66,199.12c-.23.52-1.06.68-1.81.32s-1.2-1.06-.95-1.59,1.06-.69,1.82-.33,1.21,1.07.94,1.6Zm-1.3-1"> </path> <path class="cls-12" d="M90,203.89c-.51.47-1.49.25-2.16-.49a1.61,1.61,0,0,1-.31-2.19c.52-.47,1.47-.25,2.17.49s.82,1.72.3,2.19Zm-1-1.08"> </path> <path class="cls-12" d="M94.12,210c-.65.46-1.71,0-2.37-.91s-.64-2.07,0-2.52,1.7,0,2.36.89.65,2.08,0,2.54Zm0,0"></path> <path class="cls-12" d="M99.83,215.87c-.58.64-1.82.47-2.72-.41s-1.18-2.06-.6-2.7,1.83-.46,2.74.41,1.2,2.07.58,2.7Zm0,0"> </path> <path class="cls-12" d="M107.71,219.29c-.26.82-1.45,1.2-2.64.85s-2-1.34-1.74-2.17,1.44-1.23,2.65-.85,2,1.32,1.73,2.17Zm0,0"> </path> <path class="cls-12" d="M116.36,219.92c0,.87-1,1.59-2.24,1.61s-2.29-.68-2.3-1.54,1-1.59,2.26-1.61,2.28.67,2.28,1.54Zm0,0"> </path> <path class="cls-12" d="M124.42,218.55c.15.85-.73,1.72-2,1.95s-2.37-.3-2.52-1.14.73-1.75,2-2,2.37.29,2.53,1.16Zm0,0"></path> </svg></a> <a class="footer-icon" id="footer_blog" href="https://ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" aria-label="Blog"> <svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 40 40"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#737373;}</style></defs><path class="cls-1" d="M14,30a4,4,0,1,1-4-4,4,4,0,0,1,4,4Zm11,3A19,19,0,0,0,7.05,15a1,1,0,0,0-1,1v3a1,1,0,0,0,.93,1A14,14,0,0,1,20,33.07,1,1,0,0,0,21,34h3a1,1,0,0,0,1-1Zm9,0A28,28,0,0,0,7,6,1,1,0,0,0,6,7v3a1,1,0,0,0,1,1A23,23,0,0,1,29,33a1,1,0,0,0,1,1h3A1,1,0,0,0,34,33Z"/></svg> </a> </div> </div> </section> <section class="container-fluid bg-primary"> <div class="container pt-5"> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-lg-3 col-12"> <p><a class="text-white" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/socialmedia/index.html">Connect with NLM</a></p> <ul class="list-inline social_media"> <li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://twitter.com/NLM_NIH" aria-label="Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <svg width="35" height="35" viewBox="0 0 38 35" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title>Twitter</title> <g id="twitterx1009" clip-path="url(#clip0_65276_3946)"> <path id="Vector" d="M17.5006 34.6565C26.9761 34.6565 34.6575 26.9751 34.6575 17.4996C34.6575 8.02416 26.9761 0.342773 17.5006 0.342773C8.02514 0.342773 0.34375 8.02416 0.34375 17.4996C0.34375 26.9751 8.02514 34.6565 17.5006 34.6565Z" fill="#205493" stroke="white" stroke-width="1.2" stroke-miterlimit="10"></path> <path id="path1009" d="M8.54811 8.5L16.2698 18.4279L8.50001 26.5H11.5L17.5 20L22.5486 26.5H28.5L20.5 16L27 8.5H24.5L19 14.5L14.5007 8.5H8.54927H8.54811ZM11.1197 9.73873H13.4519L25.4519 25.2613H23.1926L11.1197 9.73873Z" fill="white"></path> </g> <defs> <clipPath id="clip0_65276_3946"> <rect width="38" height="38" fill="white"></rect> </clipPath> </defs> </svg></a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/nationallibraryofmedicine" aria-label="Facebook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"> <svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 249 249" style="enable-background:new 0 0 249 249;" xml:space="preserve"> <style type="text/css"> .st10 { fill: #FFFFFF; } .st110 { fill: none; stroke: #FFFFFF; stroke-width: 8; stroke-miterlimit: 10; } </style> <title>SM-Facebook</title> <g> <g> <path class="st10" d="M159,99.1h-24V88.4c0-5,3.3-6.2,5.7-6.2h16.8V60l-24.4-0.1c-22.1,0-26.2,16.5-26.2,27.1v12.1H90v22.5h16.9 v67.5H135v-67.5h21.7L159,99.1z"></path> </g> </g> <circle class="st110" cx="123.6" cy="123.2" r="108.2"></circle> </svg> </a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/NLMNIH" aria-label="Youtube" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 249 249" style="enable-background:new 0 0 249 249;" xml:space="preserve"> <title>SM-Youtube</title> <style type="text/css"> .st4 { fill: none; stroke: #FFFFFF; stroke-width: 8; stroke-miterlimit: 10; } .st5 { fill: #FFFFFF; } </style> <circle class="st4" cx="124.2" cy="123.4" r="108.2"></circle> <g transform="translate(0,-952.36218)"> <path class="st5" d="M88.4,1037.4c-10.4,0-18.7,8.3-18.7,18.7v40.1c0,10.4,8.3,18.7,18.7,18.7h72.1c10.4,0,18.7-8.3,18.7-18.7 v-40.1c0-10.4-8.3-18.7-18.7-18.7H88.4z M115.2,1058.8l29.4,17.4l-29.4,17.4V1058.8z"></path> </g> </svg></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-lg-3 col-12"> <p class="address_footer text-white">National Library of Medicine<br> <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/8600+Rockville+Pike,+Bethesda,+MD+20894/@38.9959508,-77.101021,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89b7c95e25765ddb:0x19156f88b27635b8!8m2!3d38.9959508!4d-77.0988323" class="text-white" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">8600 Rockville Pike<br> Bethesda, MD 20894</a></p> </div> <div class="col-lg-3 col-12 centered-lg"> <p><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/web_policies.html" class="text-white">Web Policies</a><br> <a href="https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office" class="text-white">FOIA</a><br> <a href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html" class="text-white" id="vdp">HHS Vulnerability Disclosure</a></p> </div> <div class="col-lg-3 col-12 centered-lg"> <p><a class="supportLink text-white" href="https://support.nlm.nih.gov/">Help</a><br> <a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/accessibility.html" class="text-white">Accessibility</a><br> <a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/careers/careers.html" class="text-white">Careers</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-12 centered-lg"> <nav class="bottom-links"> <ul class="mt-3"> <li> <a class="text-white" href="//www.nlm.nih.gov/">NLM</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-white" href="https://www.nih.gov/">NIH</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-white" href="https://www.hhs.gov/">HHS</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-white" href="https://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </section> </footer>   <script type="text/javascript"> var nwds_version = "1.2.3"; var meta_nwds_ver = document.createElement('meta'); meta_nwds_ver.name = 'ncbi_nwds_ver'; meta_nwds_ver.content = nwds_version; document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(meta_nwds_ver); var meta_nwds = document.createElement('meta'); meta_nwds.name = 'ncbi_nwds'; meta_nwds.content = 'yes'; document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(meta_nwds); var alertsUrl = "/core/alerts/alerts.js"; if (typeof ncbiBaseUrl !== 'undefined') { alertsUrl = ncbiBaseUrl + alertsUrl; } </script> </div>  <script src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/0d576970-ea4f-4f8d-9bab-bf51569c42d2/CACHE/js/output.293fbf76aa18.js"></script>  <script src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/0d576970-ea4f-4f8d-9bab-bf51569c42d2/CACHE/js/output.550e9c8906a2.js"></script> <script> ncbi.awesome.basePage.init({ userInfo: { isLoggedIn: false, username: "", loginUrl: "https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F11586143%2F", logoutUrl: "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/signout/?back_url=https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11586143/" }, baseUrl: 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov', noSessionCookieName: "pm-ns", searchIdCookieName: "pm-sid", adjNavSearchIdCookieName: "pm-adjnav-sid", searchFormSubmittedCookieName: "pm-sfs", isOnSearchPageCookieName: "pm-iosp", backToSearchCookieName: "pm-btsl", clinicalSeeAllCookieName: "pm-csa", jsCookieDomain: "pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", userShareRequestFailed: "", noSharedSettings: "myncbi_no_shared_settings", noSharedAccount: "myncbi_no_shared_account" }); </script> <script type="module"> import dismissableNCBIAlert from "https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/0d576970-ea4f-4f8d-9bab-bf51569c42d2/core/dismissable-ncbi-alert.js"; jQuery.getScript("https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/core/alerts/alerts.js", function () { galert(['body > *:last-child']); dismissableNCBIAlert(); }).fail(function() { }); </script> <script defer type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/core/pinger/pinger.js"> </script> <script src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/0d576970-ea4f-4f8d-9bab-bf51569c42d2/CACHE/js/output.04d45d85d031.js"></script> <script> ncbi.awesome.articlePage.init({ baseSuggestionsUrl: "/suggestions/", mathJaxUrl: "https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/0d576970-ea4f-4f8d-9bab-bf51569c42d2/mathjax/unpacked/MathJax.js?config=MML_CHTML", clipboardAPIRoot: "/ajax/clipboard/", clipboardNextPageUrl: "/clipboard-next-page/", searchIdCookieName: "pm-sid", searchFormSubmittedCookieName: "pm-sfs", backToSearchCookieName: "pm-btsl", jsCookieDomain: "pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", longTermPrefix: "longquery", adjNavURLPath: "/11586143/adj-nav/", adjNavSearchIdCookieName: "pm-adjnav-sid", articlePageUrl: "/11586143/", markJSUrl: "https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/0d576970-ea4f-4f8d-9bab-bf51569c42d2/mark.js/dist/jquery.mark.js", termHighlightColor: "", highlightedTokens: "", citeFormatPreferenceCookieName: "pm-cf" }); </script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Cauda equina syndrome in ankylosing spondylitis (the CES-AS syndrome): meta-analysis of outcomes after medical and surgical treatments - PubMed