CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>George Canning - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"ee6c861b-c034-45e6-8a97-4d59b9f9926a","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"George_Canning","wgTitle":"George Canning","wgCurRevisionId":1259540005,"wgRevisionId":1259540005,"wgArticleId":197229,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","EngvarB from March 2014","Use dmy dates from March 2014","Articles containing French-language text","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from March 2010","Commons category link from Wikidata","Articles with Project Gutenberg links","Articles with Internet Archive links","Articles with LibriVox links", "George Canning","1770 births","1827 deaths","18th-century Anglo-Irish people","19th-century Anglo-Irish people","18th-century British lawyers","19th-century prime ministers of the United Kingdom","19th-century deaths from tuberculosis","Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford","Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Portugal","British duellists","British MPs 1790–1796","British MPs 1796–1800","British MPs who died in office","British people of Irish descent","British philhellenes","British Secretaries of State for Foreign Affairs","Burials at Westminster Abbey","Chancellors of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom","Fellows of the Royal Society","Freemasons of the Premier Grand Lodge of England","Leaders of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom","Members of Parliament for the Isle of Wight","Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Kerry constituencies (1801–1922)","Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies", "Members of the Privy Council of Great Britain","Paymasters of the Forces","People educated at Eton College","People from Bracknell","People from Marylebone","Politicians from the City of Westminster","Tory MPs (pre-1834)","Tory prime ministers of the United Kingdom","UK MPs 1801–1802","UK MPs 1802–1806","UK MPs 1806–1807","UK MPs 1807–1812","UK MPs 1812–1818","UK MPs 1818–1820","UK MPs 1820–1826","UK MPs 1826–1830","Presidents of the Board of Control","Deaths from pneumonia in England","Canning family (political)"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"George_Canning","wgRelevantArticleId":197229,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true, "wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":70000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q219731","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready", "user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions", "wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/George_Canning%2C_Prime_Minister_of_The_United_Kingdom.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1429"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/George_Canning%2C_Prime_Minister_of_The_United_Kingdom.jpg/800px-George_Canning%2C_Prime_Minister_of_The_United_Kingdom.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="952"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/George_Canning%2C_Prime_Minister_of_The_United_Kingdom.jpg/640px-George_Canning%2C_Prime_Minister_of_The_United_Kingdom.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="762"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="George Canning - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Canning"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Canning"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-George_Canning rootpage-George_Canning skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=George+Canning" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=George+Canning" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=George+Canning" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=George+Canning" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Entry_into_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entry_into_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Entry into politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entry_into_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Under_Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_Affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Under_Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_Affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Under Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Under_Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_Affairs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Under Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Under_Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_Affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Anti-Jacobin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Anti-Jacobin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span><i>The Anti-Jacobin</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Anti-Jacobin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subsequent_offices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subsequent_offices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Subsequent offices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subsequent_offices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Backbenches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Backbenches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Backbenches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Backbenches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Treasurer_of_the_Navy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treasurer_of_the_Navy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Treasurer of the Navy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treasurer_of_the_Navy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_secretary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_secretary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Foreign secretary</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Foreign_secretary-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Foreign secretary subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Foreign_secretary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Duel_with_Castlereagh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Duel_with_Castlereagh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Duel with Castlereagh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Duel_with_Castlereagh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Move_to_Burbage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Move_to_Burbage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Move to Burbage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Move_to_Burbage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ambassador_to_Lisbon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ambassador_to_Lisbon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Ambassador to Lisbon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ambassador_to_Lisbon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-President_of_the_Board_of_Control" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#President_of_the_Board_of_Control"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>President of the Board of Control</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-President_of_the_Board_of_Control-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_secretary_and_Leader_of_the_House" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_secretary_and_Leader_of_the_House"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Foreign secretary and Leader of the House</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Foreign_secretary_and_Leader_of_the_House-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Foreign secretary and Leader of the House subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Foreign_secretary_and_Leader_of_the_House-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Southeast_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southeast_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Southeast Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southeast_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latin_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latin_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Latin America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latin_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prime_minister" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prime_minister"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Prime minister</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prime_minister-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Places_named_after_Canning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Places_named_after_Canning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Places named after Canning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Places_named_after_Canning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Britain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1.1</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1.2</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1.3</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1.4</span> <span>South America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greece" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greece"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1.5</span> <span>Greece</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greece-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Places_named_after_other_Cannings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Places_named_after_other_Cannings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1.6</span> <span>Places named after other Cannings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Places_named_after_other_Cannings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canning's_Government,_April–August_1827" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canning's_Government,_April–August_1827"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Canning's Government, April–August 1827</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canning's_Government,_April–August_1827-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">George Canning</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%BA" title="جورج كانينغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جورج كانينغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Джордж Канінг – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джордж Канінг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Джордж Канінг – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Джордж Канінг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="George Canning" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="George Canning" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="George Canning" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="George Canning" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="George Canning" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CF%89%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B6_%CE%9A%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Τζωρτζ Κάνινγκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζωρτζ Κάνινγκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="George Canning" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="George Canning" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="George Canning" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF" title="جورج کنینگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جورج کنینگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="George Canning" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="George Canning" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="George Canning" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%80_%EC%BA%90%EB%8B%9D" title="조지 캐닝 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조지 캐닝" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BB_%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3" title="Ջորջ Կաննինգ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջորջ Կաննինգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="जार्ज कानिंग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जार्ज कानिंग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="George Canning" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="George Canning" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="George Canning" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%27_%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92" title="ג'ורג' קנינג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ורג' קנינג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="George Canning" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="George Canning" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgius_Canning" title="Georgius Canning – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Georgius Canning" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEord%C5%BEs_Kannings" title="Džordžs Kannings – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Džordžs Kannings" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="George Canning" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Canning_(politikus)" title="George Canning (politikus) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="George Canning (politikus)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="George Canning" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="जॉर्ज कॅनिंग – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जॉर्ज कॅनिंग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC" title="جورج كانينج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جورج كانينج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Canning_(politicus)" title="George Canning (politicus) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="George Canning (politicus)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%99" title="जोर्ज क्यानिङ – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जोर्ज क्यानिङ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%8B%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0" title="ジョージ・カニング – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョージ・カニング" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="George Canning" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="George Canning" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%86%DA%AB" title="جورج کننګ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جورج کننګ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="George Canning" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="George Canning" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="George Canning" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Каннинг, Джордж – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Каннинг, Джордж" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="George Canning" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%9F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Џорџ Канинг – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џорџ Канинг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="George Canning" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="George Canning" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="George Canning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%88_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87" title="จอร์จ แคนนิง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จอร์จ แคนนิง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D2%B7_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Ҷорҷ Каннинг – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷорҷ Каннинг" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="George Canning" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Джордж Каннінг – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джордж Каннінг" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="George Canning" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E5%9D%8E%E5%AF%A7" title="喬治·坎寧 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="喬治·坎寧" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="George Canning" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E5%9D%8E%E5%AF%A7" title="喬治·坎寧 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="喬治·坎寧" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q219731#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/George_Canning" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:George_Canning" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/George_Canning"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/George_Canning"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/George_Canning" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/George_Canning" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&oldid=1259540005" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=George_Canning&id=1259540005&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGeorge_Canning"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGeorge_Canning"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=George_Canning&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:George_Canning" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/George_Canning" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikisource mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:George_Canning" hreflang="en"><span>Wikisource</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q219731" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in 1827</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named George Canning, see <a href="/wiki/George_Canning_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="George Canning (disambiguation)">George Canning (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">George Canning</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Canning,_Prime_Minister_of_The_United_Kingdom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/George_Canning%2C_Prime_Minister_of_The_United_Kingdom.jpg/220px-George_Canning%2C_Prime_Minister_of_The_United_Kingdom.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/George_Canning%2C_Prime_Minister_of_The_United_Kingdom.jpg/330px-George_Canning%2C_Prime_Minister_of_The_United_Kingdom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/George_Canning%2C_Prime_Minister_of_The_United_Kingdom.jpg/440px-George_Canning%2C_Prime_Minister_of_The_United_Kingdom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1008" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lawrence" title="Thomas Lawrence">Thomas Lawrence</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1822</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />12 April 1827 – 8 August 1827</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_IV" title="George IV">George IV</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenkinson,_2nd_Earl_of_Liverpool" title="Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool">The Earl of Liverpool</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/F._J._Robinson,_1st_Viscount_Goderich" title="F. J. Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich">The Viscount Goderich</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />20 April 1827 – 8 August 1827</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Himself</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/F._J._Robinson,_1st_Viscount_Goderich" title="F. J. Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich">F. J. Robinson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Herries" title="John Charles Herries">John Charles Herries</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Secretary" title="Foreign Secretary">Foreign Secretary</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />16 September 1822 – 30 April 1827</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">The Earl of Liverpool;<br />Himself</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stewart,_Viscount_Castlereagh" title="Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh">The Marquess of Londonderry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Ward,_1st_Earl_of_Dudley" title="John Ward, 1st Earl of Dudley">The Viscount Dudley and Ward</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />25 March 1807 – 11 October 1809</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Cavendish-Bentinck,_3rd_Duke_of_Portland" title="William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland">The Duke of Portland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grey,_2nd_Earl_Grey" title="Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey">Viscount Howick</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bathurst,_3rd_Earl_Bathurst" title="Henry Bathurst, 3rd Earl Bathurst">The Earl Bathurst</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Leader of the House of Commons">Leader of the House of Commons</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />16 September 1822 – 20 April 1827</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">The Earl of Liverpool;<br />Himself</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">The Marquess of Londonderry</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Huskisson" title="William Huskisson">William Huskisson</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Board_of_Control" title="President of the Board of Control">President of the Board of Control</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />20 June 1816 – 16 January 1821</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">The Earl of Liverpool</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hobart,_4th_Earl_of_Buckinghamshire" title="Robert Hobart, 4th Earl of Buckinghamshire">The Earl of Buckinghamshire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bathurst" title="Charles Bathurst">Charles Bathurst</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_Kingdom_to_Portugal" title="List of ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Portugal">British Ambassador to Portugal</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />October 1814 – June 1815</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Appointed by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_IV" title="George IV">The Prince Regent</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Stuart,_1st_Baron_Stuart_de_Rothesay" title="Charles Stuart, 1st Baron Stuart de Rothesay">Sir Charles Stuart</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Thomas Sydenham</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Treasurer_of_the_Navy" title="Treasurer of the Navy">Treasurer of the Navy</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />14 May 1804 – 23 January 1806</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">William Pitt the Younger</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Tierney" title="George Tierney">George Tierney</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Brinsley_Sheridan" title="Richard Brinsley Sheridan">Richard Brinsley Sheridan</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Paymaster_of_the_Forces" title="Paymaster of the Forces">Paymaster of the Forces</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />5 July 1800 – 26 March 1801</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">William Pitt the Younger</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Ryder,_1st_Earl_of_Harrowby" title="Dudley Ryder, 1st Earl of Harrowby">Dudley Ryder</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Douglas,_1st_Baron_Glenbervie" title="Sylvester Douglas, 1st Baron Glenbervie">The Lord Glenbervie</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1770-04-11</span>)</span>11 April 1770<br /><a href="/wiki/Marylebone" title="Marylebone">Marylebone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middlesex" title="Middlesex">Middlesex</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">8 August 1827<span style="display:none">(1827-08-08)</span> (aged 57)<br /><a href="/wiki/Chiswick" title="Chiswick">Chiswick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middlesex" title="Middlesex">Middlesex</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tory_(British_political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tory (British political party)">Tory</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Joan_Canning,_1st_Viscountess_Canning" title="Joan Canning, 1st Viscountess Canning">Joan Scott</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="8 July 1800">1800</span>)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4 (including <a href="/wiki/Charles_Canning,_1st_Earl_Canning" title="Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning">Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Canning_(writer)" title="George Canning (writer)">George Canning Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_Costello" title="Mary Ann Costello">Mary Ann Costello</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Oxford" title="Christ Church, Oxford">Christ Church, Oxford</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_George_Canning.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="George Canning's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Signature_of_George_Canning.svg/128px-Signature_of_George_Canning.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Signature_of_George_Canning.svg/192px-Signature_of_George_Canning.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Signature_of_George_Canning.svg/256px-Signature_of_George_Canning.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="126" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #154E9D; border-spacing:0.2em 0;color: var(--color-base, #000);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Conservatism" title="Category:Conservatism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding-top:0.6em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Political_colour#Blue" title="Political colour"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Blue_flag_waving.svg/75px-Blue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Blue_flag_waving.svg/113px-Blue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Blue_flag_waving.svg/150px-Blue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Variants</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_conservatism" title="Authoritarian conservatism">Authoritarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_corporatism" title="Conservative corporatism">Corporatist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_conservatism" title="Cultural conservatism">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_conservatism" title="Fiscal conservatism">Fiscal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_conservatism" title="Green conservatism">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_conservatism" title="Libertarian conservatism">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderate_conservatism" title="Moderate conservatism">Moderate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_conservatism" title="National conservatism">National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paternalistic_conservatism" title="Paternalistic conservatism">Paternalistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Populist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragmatic_conservatism" title="Pragmatic conservatism">Pragmatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_conservatism" title="Progressive conservatism">Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Reactionism">Reactionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_conservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious conservatism">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_conservatism" title="Traditionalist conservatism">Traditionalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraconservatism" title="Ultraconservatism">Ultra</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_the_dead" title="Veneration of the dead">Ancestral worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authority" title="Authority">Authority</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_authority" title="Traditional authority">Traditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_collaboration" title="Class collaboration">Class collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_identity" title="Collective identity">Collective identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage" title="Cultural heritage">Cultural heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value_(ethics_and_social_sciences)#Cultural_values" class="mw-redirect" title="Value (ethics and social sciences)">Cultural values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_life" title="Culture of life">Culture of life</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-abortion_movements" title="Anti-abortion movements">Pro-Life</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discipline" title="Discipline">Discipline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duty" title="Duty">Duty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristocracy" title="Aristocracy">Aristocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Noblesse_oblige" title="Noblesse oblige">Noblesse oblige</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sittlichkeit" title="Sittlichkeit">Ethical order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familialism" title="Familialism">Familialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_as_a_model_for_the_state" title="Family as a model for the state">Family as a state model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_values" title="Family values">Family values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamentalism" title="Fundamentalism">Fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_roles" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender roles">Gender roles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Complementarianism" title="Complementarianism">Complementarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_essentialism" title="Gender essentialism">Essentialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historism" title="Historism">Historism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honour" title="Honour">Honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_and_order_(politics)" title="Law and order (politics)">Law and order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyalty" title="Loyalty">Loyalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maternalism" title="Maternalism">Maternalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism" title="Monarchism">Monarchism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royalist" title="Royalist">Royalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_absolutism" title="Moral absolutism">Moral absolutism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalism#Politics" title="Natalism">Natalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_norm" title="Social norm">Norms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Customary_law" title="Customary law">Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mores" title="Mores">Mores</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordered_liberty" title="Ordered liberty">Ordered liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organicism#In_politics_and_sociology" title="Organicism">Organicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organised_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Organised religion">Organised religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy" title="Orthodoxy">Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">Patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_through_strength" title="Peace through strength">Peace through strength</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Property_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Property rights">Property rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_morality" title="Public morality">Public morality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">Rule of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stratification" title="Social stratification">Social hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institution" title="Institution">Social institutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_order" title="Social order">Social order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewardship_(theology)" title="Stewardship (theology)">Stewardship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidiarity" title="Subsidiarity">Subsidiarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">Tradition</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Johnson" title="Samuel Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">Hume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_More" title="Hannah More">More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">Maistre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Bonald" title="Louis de Bonald">Bonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">Chateaubriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Jerzy_Czartoryski" title="Adam Jerzy Czartoryski">Czartoryski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Coleridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Karamzin" title="Nikolay Karamzin">Karamzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Carl_von_Savigny" title="Friedrich Carl von Savigny">Savigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Carlyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_von_Ranke" title="Leopold von Ranke">Ranke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Newman" title="John Henry Newman">Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">Tocqueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Dostoevsky" title="Fyodor Dostoevsky">Dostoevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Taine" title="Hippolyte Taine">Taine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Le_Bon" title="Gustave Le Bon">Le Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Nordau" title="Max Nordau">Nordau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilaire_Belloc" title="Hilaire Belloc">Belloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Iorga" title="Nicolae Iorga">Iorga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" title="G. K. Chesterton">Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Spengler" title="Oswald Spengler">Spengler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ze%27ev_Jabotinsky" title="Ze'ev Jabotinsky">Jabotinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Ilyin" title="Ivan Ilyin">Ilyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Savarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Schmitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Mannheim" title="Karl Mannheim">Mannheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_J%C3%BCnger" title="Ernst Jünger">Jünger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Evola" title="Julius Evola">Evola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Strauss" title="Leo Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6pke" title="Wilhelm Röpke">Röpke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Georg_Gadamer" title="Hans-Georg Gadamer">Gadamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilberto_Freyre" title="Gilberto Freyre">Freyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Voegelin" title="Eric Voegelin">Voegelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Oakeshott" title="Michael Oakeshott">Oakeshott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Burnham" title="James Burnham">Burnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Lefebvre" title="Marcel Lefebvre">Lefebvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Qutb" title="Sayyid Qutb">Qutb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_von_Kuehnelt-Leddihn" title="Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn">Kuehnelt-Leddihn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_G%C3%B3mez_D%C3%A1vila" title="Nicolás Gómez Dávila">Gómez Dávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn" title="Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn">Solzhenitsyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhart_Koselleck" title="Reinhart Koselleck">Koselleck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukio_Mishima" title="Yukio Mishima">Mishima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Buckley_Jr." title="William F. Buckley Jr.">Buckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell">Sowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Mansfield" title="Harvey Mansfield">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Scruton" title="Roger Scruton">Scruton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Peterson" title="Jordan Peterson">Peterson</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klemens_von_Metternich" title="Klemens von Metternich">Metternich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">Bismarck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Dmowski" title="Roman Dmowski">Dmowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustaf_Emil_Mannerheim" title="Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim">Mannerheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Maurras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikl%C3%B3s_Horthy" title="Miklós Horthy">Horthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Metaxas" title="Ioannis Metaxas">Metaxas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Adenauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">De Gasperi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Oliveira_Salazar" title="António de Oliveira Salazar">Salazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">De Gaulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engelbert_Dollfuss" title="Engelbert Dollfuss">Dollfuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Franco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Khomeini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoch_Powell" title="Enoch Powell">Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusto_Pinochet" title="Augusto Pinochet">Pinochet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Chung_Hee" title="Park Chung Hee">Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Smith" title="Ian Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" title="Mohammad Reza Pahlavi">Reza Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suharto" title="Suharto">Suharto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Kuan_Yew" title="Lee Kuan Yew">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq">Zia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Vajpayee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl">Kohl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Fujimori" title="Alberto Fujimori">Fujimori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaros%C5%82aw_Kaczy%C5%84ski" title="Jarosław Kaczyński">Kaczyński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Netanyahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinzo_Abe" title="Shinzo Abe">Abe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jair_Bolsonaro" title="Jair Bolsonaro">Bolsonaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Orbán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni" title="Giorgia Meloni">Meloni</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Religion</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_conservatism" title="Jewish conservatism">Jewish conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Religious Zionism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Catholicism" title="Traditionalist Catholicism">Traditionalist Catholicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Integralism" title="Integralism">Integralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultramontanism" title="Ultramontanism">Ultramontanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_School_(perennialism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditionalist School (perennialism)">Traditionalist School</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Personal variants</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlusconism" title="Berlusconism">Berlusconism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayib_Bukele#Political_views" title="Nayib Bukele">Bukelism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_David_Cameron" title="Political positions of David Cameron">Cameronism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiangism" title="Chiangism">Chiangism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdo%C4%9Fanism" title="Erdoğanism">Erdoğanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francoism" class="mw-redirect" title="Francoism">Francoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujimorism" title="Fujimorism">Fujimorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaullism" title="Gaullism">Gaullism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Janismo" title="Janismo">Janismo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maurrassisme" title="Maurrassisme">Maurrassisme</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mellismo" title="Mellismo">Mellismo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaxism" title="Metaxism">Metaxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powellism" title="Powellism">Powellism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinochetism" title="Pinochetism">Pinochetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putinism" title="Putinism">Putinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutbism" title="Qutbism">Qutbism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khomeinism" title="Khomeinism">Khomeinism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Reaganism">Reaganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarkozysm" title="Sarkozysm">Sarkozysm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thatcherism" title="Thatcherism">Thatcherism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumpism" title="Trumpism">Trumpism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziaism" title="Ziaism">Ziaism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">National variants</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Australia" title="Conservatism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Austria" title="Conservatism">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Bangladesh" title="Conservatism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Belgium" title="Conservatism">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_North_America#Belize" title="Conservatism in North America">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Brazil" title="Conservatism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Canada" title="Conservatism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Chile" title="Conservatism">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#China" title="Conservatism">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Conservatism in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservatism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Colombia" title="Conservatism in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_North_America#Cuba" title="Conservatism in North America">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Denmark" title="Conservatism">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Finland" title="Conservatism">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_France" title="Conservatism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Germany" title="Conservatism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Greece" title="Conservatism">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_North_America#Guatemala" title="Conservatism in North America">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Hungary" title="Conservatism">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Iceland" title="Conservatism">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_India" title="Conservatism in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Iran" title="Conservatism">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Israel" title="Conservatism in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Italy" title="Conservatism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Japan" title="Conservatism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Luxembourg" title="Conservatism">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Malaysia" title="Conservatism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_North_America#Mexico" title="Conservatism in North America">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Netherlands" title="Conservatism">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_conservatism_in_New_Zealand" title="Historic conservatism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Norway" title="Conservatism">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Pakistan" title="Conservatism in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_North_America#Panama" title="Conservatism in North America">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Peru" title="Conservatism in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Poland" title="Conservatism">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Russia" title="Conservatism in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Serbia" title="Conservatism in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Singapore" title="Conservatism">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Sweden" title="Conservatism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Switzerland" title="Conservatism">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_South_Korea" title="Conservatism in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Turkey" title="Conservatism in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Ukraine" title="Conservatism">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Conservatism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">Agrarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_fascism" title="Clerical fascism">Clerical fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_liberalism" title="Conservative liberalism">Conservative liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordoliberalism" title="Ordoliberalism">Ordoliberalism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="border-bottom:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_Terror_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="White Terror (disambiguation)">White Terror</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-gender_movement" title="Anti-gender movement">Anti-gender movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-immigration" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-immigration">Anti-immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_conservatism" title="Black conservatism">Black conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Black conservatism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Catholic social teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_variants_of_feminism" title="Conservative variants of feminism">Conservative feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_wave" title="Conservative wave">Conservative wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_conservatism_in_Latin_America" title="Liberalism and conservatism in Latin America">Hispanic conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Hispanic and Latino conservatism in the United States">in United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_conservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT conservatism">LGBT conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Conservatism_Conference" title="National Conservatism Conference">NatCon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativism_(politics)" title="Nativism (politics)">Nativism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-fascism" title="Para-fascism">Para-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">Patriarchy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchalism" title="Patriarchalism">Patriarchalism</a></li></ul></li> <li>Radical right <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radical_right_(Europe)" title="Radical right (Europe)">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_right_(United_States)" title="Radical right (United States)">US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_realism" title="Right realism">Right realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">Right-wing politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_authoritarianism" title="Right-wing authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">Far</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Right" title="New Right">New</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small-c_conservative" title="Small-c conservative">Small-c conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toryism" class="mw-redirect" title="Toryism">Toryism</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #36c; border-bottom:1px solid #36c; font-weight:bold"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/15px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/22px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/30px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservatism_sidebar" title="Template:Conservatism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservatism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Conservatism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>George Canning</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span></span>/</a></span></span>; 11 April 1770 – 8 August 1827) was a <a href="/wiki/British_Tory" class="mw-redirect" title="British Tory">British Tory</a> statesman. He held various senior cabinet positions under numerous prime ministers, including two important terms as foreign secretary, finally becoming <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a> for the last 119 days of his life, from April to August 1827. </p><p>The son of an <a href="/wiki/Actress" class="mw-redirect" title="Actress">actress</a> and a failed <a href="/wiki/Businessperson" title="Businessperson">businessman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lawyer" title="Lawyer">lawyer</a>, Canning was supported financially by his uncle, Stratford Canning, which allowed him to attend <a href="/wiki/Eton_College" title="Eton College">Eton College</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Oxford" title="Christ Church, Oxford">Christ Church, Oxford</a>. Canning entered politics in 1793 and rose rapidly. He was <a href="/wiki/Paymaster_of_the_Forces" title="Paymaster of the Forces">Paymaster of the Forces</a> (1800–1801) and <a href="/wiki/Treasurer_of_the_Navy" title="Treasurer of the Navy">Treasurer of the Navy</a> (1804–1806) under <a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">William Pitt the Younger</a>. Canning was <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_Affairs_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (UK)">foreign secretary</a> (1807–1809) under the <a href="/wiki/William_Cavendish-Bentinck,_3rd_Duke_of_Portland" title="William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland">Duke of Portland</a>. Canning was the dominant figure in the cabinet and directed the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Copenhagen_(1807)" title="Battle of Copenhagen (1807)">Battle of Copenhagen</a>, the seizure of the Danish fleet in 1807 to assure Britain's naval supremacy over <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>. In 1809, he was wounded in a <a href="/wiki/Duel" title="Duel">duel</a> with his rival <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stewart,_Viscount_Castlereagh" title="Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh">Lord Castlereagh</a> and was shortly thereafter passed over as a successor to the Duke of Portland in favour of <a href="/wiki/Spencer_Perceval" title="Spencer Perceval">Spencer Perceval</a>. He rejected overtures to serve as foreign secretary again because of Castlereagh's presence in Perceval's Cabinet and he remained out of high office until after Perceval was assassinated in 1812. </p><p>Canning served under the new prime minister the <a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenkinson,_2nd_Earl_of_Liverpool" title="Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool">Earl of Liverpool</a> as <a href="/wiki/British_Ambassador_to_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="British Ambassador to Portugal">British Ambassador to Portugal</a> (1814–1816), <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Board_of_Control" title="President of the Board of Control">President of the Board of Control</a> (1816–1821) and foreign secretary and <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Leader of the House of Commons">Leader of the House of Commons</a> (1822–1827). King <a href="/wiki/George_IV" title="George IV">George IV</a> disliked Canning and there were efforts to frustrate his foreign policies. Canning gained much public support for his policies. The historian <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hayes_(historian)" title="Paul Hayes (historian)">Paul Hayes</a> argues that he achieved several diplomatic coups in relations with Spain and Portugal, by helping to guarantee the independence of the American colonies of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Portuguese colonization of the Americas">Portugal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">Spain</a>. His policies ensured a major trading advantage for British merchants and supported the American <a href="/wiki/Monroe_Doctrine" title="Monroe Doctrine">Monroe Doctrine</a>. The historian <a href="/wiki/G._M._Trevelyan" title="G. M. Trevelyan">G. M. Trevelyan</a> wrote </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>For five years England had been guided by the genius of Canning, and seldom have so much brilliancy and so much wisdom combined to produce such happy results. The constitutional medium through which that genius worked was the loyal friendship of the prime minister, Lord Liverpool.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>When Lord Liverpool resigned in April 1827, Canning was chosen to succeed him as prime minister, ahead of <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">the Duke of Wellington</a> and Sir <a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Robert Peel</a>. Both of them declined to serve under Canning and the Tories split between Peel and Wellington's <a href="/wiki/Ultra-Tories" title="Ultra-Tories">Ultra-Tories</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Canningites" class="mw-redirect" title="Canningites">Canningites</a>. Canning then invited several <a href="/wiki/Whigs_(British_political_party)" title="Whigs (British political party)">Whigs</a> to join his cabinet. His health collapsed, and he died of pneumonia at Chiswick House on 8 August 1827, whilst still in office. His tenure of 119 days in office made him the <a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom_by_length_of_tenure" title="List of prime ministers of the United Kingdom by length of tenure">shortest-serving prime minister in history</a>, a title he held for 195 years until <a href="/wiki/Liz_Truss" title="Liz Truss">Liz Truss</a>' premiership in 2022, which lasted 49 days. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Canning was born into an <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Irish">Anglo-Irish</a> family at his parents' home in Queen Anne Street, <a href="/wiki/Marylebone" title="Marylebone">Marylebone</a>, London. Canning described himself as "an Irishman born in London".<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father, <a href="/wiki/George_Canning_(writer)" title="George Canning (writer)">George Canning</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <a href="/wiki/Garvagh" title="Garvagh">Garvagh</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Londonderry" title="County Londonderry">County Londonderry</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Ulster" title="Ulster">Ulster</a>, the northern <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Ireland" title="Provinces of Ireland">province</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, was a gentleman of limited means, a failed wine merchant and lawyer, who renounced his right to inherit the family estate in exchange for payment of his substantial debts. George Sr. eventually abandoned the family and died in poverty on 11 April 1771, his son's first birthday, in London. Canning's mother, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_Costello" title="Mary Ann Costello">Mary Ann Costello</a>, who was also <a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish</a>, took work as a stage actress, a profession not considered respectable at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indeed, when in 1827 it looked as if Canning would become prime minister, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Grey,_2nd_Earl_Grey" title="Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey">Lord Grey</a> remarked that "the son of an actress is, <i><a href="/wiki/Ipso_facto" title="Ipso facto">ipso facto</a></i>, disqualified from becoming Prime Minister".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because Canning showed unusual intelligence and promise at an early age, family friends persuaded his uncle, London merchant Stratford Canning (father of the diplomat <a href="/wiki/Stratford_Canning,_1st_Viscount_Stratford_de_Redcliffe" title="Stratford Canning, 1st Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe">Stratford Canning</a>), to become his nephew's guardian. George Canning grew up with his cousins at the home of his uncle, who provided him with an income and an education. Stratford Canning's financial support allowed the young Canning to study at <a href="/wiki/Hyde_Abbey_School" title="Hyde Abbey School">Hyde Abbey School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eton_College" title="Eton College">Eton College</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Oxford" title="Christ Church, Oxford">Christ Church, Oxford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Canning came out top of the school at Eton and left at the age of seventeen.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His time at Eton has been described as "a triumph almost without parallel. He proved a brilliant <a href="/wiki/Classics" title="Classics">classicist</a>, came top of the school, and excelled at public orations".<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Canning struck up friendships with the future <a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenkinson,_2nd_Earl_of_Liverpool" title="Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool">Lord Liverpool</a> as well as with <a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_1st_Earl_Granville" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Earl Granville">Granville Leveson-Gower</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Hookham_Frere" title="John Hookham Frere">John Hookham Frere</a>. In 1789 he won a prize for his Latin poem <i>The Pilgrimage to Mecca</i> which he recited in Oxford Theatre. Canning began practising law after receiving his BA from Oxford in the summer of 1791, but he wished to enter politics.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Entry_into_politics">Entry into politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Entry into politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stratford Canning was a <a href="/wiki/Whigs_(British_political_party)" title="Whigs (British political party)">Whig</a> and would introduce his nephew in the 1780s to prominent Whigs such as <a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Fox" title="Charles James Fox">Charles James Fox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Edmund Burke</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Brinsley_Sheridan" title="Richard Brinsley Sheridan">Richard Brinsley Sheridan</a>. George Canning's friendship with Sheridan would last for the remainder of Sheridan's life. </p><p>George Canning's impoverished background and limited financial resources, however, made unlikely a bright political future in a Whig party whose political ranks were led mostly by members of the wealthy landed aristocracy in league with the newly rich <a href="/wiki/Industrialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrialist">industrialist</a> classes. Regardless, along with Whigs such as Burke, Canning himself would become considerably more <a href="/wiki/Conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative">conservative</a> in the early 1790s after witnessing the excessive <a href="/wiki/Classical_radicalism" title="Classical radicalism">radicalism</a> of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>. "The political reaction which then followed swept the young man to the opposite extreme; and his vehemence for monarchy and the Tories gave point to a Whig sarcasm,—that men had often turned their coats, but this was the first time a boy had turned his jacket."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>So when Canning decided to enter politics, he sought and received the <a href="/wiki/Patronage" title="Patronage">patronage</a> of the leader of the "Tory"<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> group, <a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">William Pitt the Younger</a>. In 1793, thanks to the help of Pitt, Canning became a member of parliament for <a href="/wiki/Newtown_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Newtown (UK Parliament constituency)">Newtown</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Rotten_borough" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotten borough">rotten borough</a>. In 1796, he changed seats to a different rotten borough, <a href="/wiki/Wendover_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Wendover (UK Parliament constituency)">Wendover</a> in Buckinghamshire. He was elected to represent several <a href="/wiki/Constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="Constituency">constituencies</a> during his parliamentary career. </p><p>Canning rose quickly in British politics as an effective orator and writer. His speeches in Parliament as well as his essays gave the followers of Pitt a rhetorical power they had previously lacked. Canning's skills saw him gain leverage within the Pittite faction that allowed him influence over its policies along with repeated promotions in the Cabinet. Over time, Canning became a prominent public speaker as well, and was one of the first politicians to campaign heavily in the country. </p><p>As a result of his charisma and promise, Canning early on drew to himself a circle of supporters who would become known as the <a href="/wiki/Canningites" class="mw-redirect" title="Canningites">Canningites</a>. Conversely though, Canning had a reputation as a divisive man who alienated many. </p><p>He was a dominant personality and often risked losing political allies for personal reasons. He once reduced Lord Liverpool to tears with a long satirical poem mocking Liverpool's attachment to his time as a colonel in the militia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Under_Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_Affairs">Under Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Under Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 2 November 1795, Canning received his first ministerial post: <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Under_Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary Under Secretary of State">Under Secretary of State</a> for Foreign Affairs. In this post he proved a strong supporter of Pitt, often taking his side in disputes with the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_Affairs_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (UK)">foreign secretary</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Wyndham_Grenville,_1st_Baron_Grenville" class="mw-redirect" title="William Wyndham Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville">Lord Grenville</a>. At the end of 1798 Canning responded to a resolution by <a href="/wiki/George_Tierney" title="George Tierney">George Tierney</a> MP for peace negotiations with France: </p> <blockquote><p>I for my part still conceive it to be the paramount duty of a British member of parliament to consider what is good for Great Britain ... I do not envy that man's feelings, who can behold the sufferings of Switzerland, and who derives from that sight no idea of what is meant by the deliverance of Europe. I do not envy the feelings of that man, who can look without emotion at Italy – plundered, insulted, trampled upon, exhausted, covered with ridicule, and horror, and devastation – who can look at all this, and be at a loss to guess what is meant by the deliverance of Europe? As little do I envy the feelings of that man, who can view the peoples of the Netherlands driven into insurrection, and struggling for their freedom against the heavy hand of a merciless tyranny, without entertaining any suspicion of what may be the sense of the word deliverance. Does such a man contemplate Holland groaning under arbitrary oppressions and exactions? Does he turn his eyes to Spain trembling at the nod of a foreign master? And does the word deliverance still sound unintelligibly in his ear? Has he heard of the rescue and salvation of Naples, by the appearance and the triumphs of the British fleet? Does he know that the monarchy of Naples maintains its existence at the sword's point? And is his understanding, and his heart, still impenetrable to the sense and meaning of the deliverance of Europe?<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Pitt called this speech "one of the best ever heard on any occasion".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He resigned his position at the Foreign Office on 1 April 1799. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Anti-Jacobin"><i>The Anti-Jacobin</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The Anti-Jacobin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Canning was involved in the founding of the <i><a href="/wiki/Anti-Jacobin" title="Anti-Jacobin">Anti-Jacobin</a></i>, a newspaper which was published every Monday from 20 November 1797 to 9 July 1798. Its purpose was to support the government and condemn revolutionary doctrines through news and poetry, much of it written by Canning.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Canning's poetry satirised and ridiculed Jacobin poetry.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before the appearance of the <i>Anti-Jacobin</i> all the eloquence (except for Burke's) and all the wit and ridicule had been on the side of Fox and Sheridan. Canning and his friends changed this.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A young Whig, <a href="/wiki/William_Lamb,_2nd_Viscount_Melbourne" title="William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne">William Lamb</a> (the future Lord Melbourne, Prime Minister) wrote an 'Epistle to the Editors of the <i>Anti-Jacobin'</i>, which attacked Canning: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>Who e'er ye are, all hail! – whether the skill<br /> Of youthful CANNING guides the ranc'rous quill;<br /> With powers mechanic far above his age,<br /> Adapts the paragraph and fills the page;<br /> Measures the column, mends what e'er's amiss,<br /> Rejects THAT letter, and accepts of THIS;<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subsequent_offices">Subsequent offices</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Subsequent offices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1799 Canning became a commissioner of the Board of Control for India. Canning wrote on 16 April: "Here I am immersed in papers, of which I do not yet comprehend three words in succession; but I shall get at their meaning by degrees and at my leisure. No such hard work here as at my former office. No attendance but when I like it, when there are interesting letters received from India (as is now the case) or to be sent out there".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Canning was appointed <a href="/wiki/Paymaster_of_the_Forces" title="Paymaster of the Forces">Paymaster of the Forces</a> (and therefore to the Privy Council as well) in 1800.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 1801, Pitt resigned as prime minister due to George III's opposition to <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Emancipation" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Emancipation">Catholic Emancipation</a>. Canning, despite Pitt's advice to stay in office, loyally followed him into opposition. The following day, Canning wrote to Lady Malmesbury: "I resign <i>because Pitt</i> resigns. And that is all".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Backbenches">Backbenches</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Backbenches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Canning disliked being out of office, and wrote on to <a href="/wiki/John_Hookham_Frere" title="John Hookham Frere">John Hookham Frere</a> in summer 1801: "But the thought will obtrude itself now and then that I am not where I should be – <i>non-hoc pollicitus</i>."<sup id="cite_ref-Hinde1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hinde1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also claimed that Pitt had done "scrupulously and magnanimously <i>right</i> by everyone <i>but</i> me".<sup id="cite_ref-Hinde1_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hinde1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the end of September 1801 Canning wrote to Frere, saying of Pitt: "I do love him, and reverence him as I should a Father – but a Father should not sacrifice me, with my good will. Most heartily I forgive him, But he has to answer to himself, and to the country for much mischief that he has done and much that is still to do."<sup id="cite_ref-Hinde1_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hinde1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pitt wished for Canning to enter <a href="/wiki/Henry_Addington,_1st_Viscount_Sidmouth" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Addington, 1st Viscount Sidmouth">Henry Addington</a>'s government, a move which Canning looked on as a horrible dilemma but in the end, he turned the offer down.<sup id="cite_ref-Hinde1_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hinde1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Canning opposed the preliminaries of the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Amiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace of Amiens">Peace of Amiens</a> signed on 1 October. He did not vote against it due to his personal devotion to Pitt.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wrote on 22 November: "I would risk my life to be assured of being able to act always <i>with P</i> in a manner satisfactory to my own feelings and sense of what is right, rather than have to seek that object in separation from him."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 27 May 1802 in the Commons Canning requested that all grants of land in Trinidad (captured by Britain from Spain) should be rejected until Parliament had decided what to do with the island. The threat that it could be populated by slaves like other West Indian islands was real. Canning instead wanted it to have a military post and that it should be settled with ex-soldiers, free blacks and creoles, with the Native American population protected and helped. He also asserted that the island should be used to test the theory that better methods of cultivation in land would lessen the need for slaves. Addington acceded to Canning's demands and the Reverend William Leigh believed Canning had saved 750,000 lives.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At a dinner to celebrate Pitt's birthday in 1802, Canning wrote the song "The Pilot that Weathered the Storm", performed by a tenor from Drury Lane, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dignum" title="Charles Dignum">Charles Dignum</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>And oh! if again the rude whirlwind should rise,<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">The dawnings of peace should fresh darkness deform,</span><br /> The regrets of the good and the fears of the wise<br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">Shall turn to the Pilot that weathered the Storm.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </p> </div></blockquote> <p>In November Canning spoke out openly in support of Pitt in the Commons. One observer thought that Canning made incomparably the best speech and that his defence of Pitt's administration "one of the best things, either argumentatively as to matter, or critically and to manner and style" that he could ever remember.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 8 December Sheridan spoke out in defence of Addington and denied that Pitt was the only man who could save the country. Canning replied by criticising the Addington government's foreign policy and claimed that the House should recognise the greatness of the country and Pitt, who ought to be its leader. He argued against those, such as <a href="/wiki/William_Wilberforce" title="William Wilberforce">William Wilberforce</a>, who held that Britain could safely maintain a policy of isolation: "Let us consider the state of the world as it is, not as we fancy it ought to be. Let us not seek to hide from our own eyes ... the real, imminent and awful danger which threatens us." Also, he objected to the notion that Britain could choose between greatness and happiness: "The choice is not in our power. We have ... no refuge in littleness. We must maintain ourselves what we are, or cease to have a political existence worth preserving." Furthermore, he openly declared for Pitt and said: "Away with the cant of 'measures, not men., the idle supposition that it is the harness and not the horses that draw the chariot along." Kingdoms rise and fall due to what degree they are upheld "not by well-meaning endeavours ... but by commanding, over-awing talents ... retreat and withdraw as much as he will, he must not hope to efface the memory of his past services from the gratitude of his country; he cannot withdraw himself from the following of a nation; he must endure the attachment of a people whom he has saved."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In private Canning was fearful that if Pitt did not return to power, Fox would: "Sooner or later he <i>must</i> act or the country is gone."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Canning approved of the declaration of war against France on 18 May 1803. Canning was angered by Pitt's desire not to proactively work to turn out the ministry but support the ministry when it adopted sound policies.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in 1804, to Canning's delight, Pitt began to work against the Addington government. After Pitt delivered a stinging attack on the government's defence measures on 25 April, Canning launched his own attack on Addington, which made Addington furious. On 30 April <a href="/wiki/John_Scott,_1st_Earl_of_Eldon" title="John Scott, 1st Earl of Eldon">Lord Eldon</a>, the Lord Chancellor, asked Pitt to submit a new administration to the King.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Treasurer_of_the_Navy">Treasurer of the Navy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Treasurer of the Navy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Canning returned to office in 1804 with Pitt, becoming <a href="/wiki/Treasurer_of_the_Navy" title="Treasurer of the Navy">Treasurer of the Navy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1805 he offered Pitt his resignation after Addington was given a seat in the Cabinet. He wrote to Lady Hester to say he felt humiliated that Addington was a minister "and I am – nothing. I cannot help it, I cannot face the House of Commons or walk the streets in this state of things, as I am".<sup id="cite_ref-Hinde2_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hinde2-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After reading this letter Pitt summoned Canning to London for a meeting, where he told him that if he resigned it would open a permanent breach between the two of them as it would cast a slur on his conduct. He offered Canning the office of <a href="/wiki/Chief_Secretary_for_Ireland" title="Chief Secretary for Ireland">Chief Secretary for Ireland</a> but he refused on the grounds that this would look like he was being got out of the way. Canning eventually decided not to resign and wrote that "I am resolved to 'sink or swim' with Pitt, though he has tied himself to such sinking company. God forgive him".<sup id="cite_ref-Hinde2_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hinde2-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Canning left office with the death of Pitt; he was not offered a place in Lord Grenville's administration.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foreign_secretary">Foreign secretary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Foreign secretary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Canning.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/George_Canning.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="165" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>George Canning</figcaption></figure> <p>Canning was appointed foreign secretary in the new government of the <a href="/wiki/William_Cavendish-Bentinck,_3rd_Duke_of_Portland" title="William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland">Duke of Portland</a> in 1807. Given key responsibilities for the country's diplomacy in the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>, he was responsible for planning the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Copenhagen_(1807)" title="Battle of Copenhagen (1807)">attack on Copenhagen</a> in September 1807, much of which he undertook at his country estate, <a href="/wiki/South_Hill_Park" title="South Hill Park">South Hill Park</a> at <a href="/wiki/Easthampstead" title="Easthampstead">Easthampstead</a> in Berkshire. </p><p>After the defeat of Prussia by the French, the neutrality of Denmark looked increasingly fragile. Canning was worried that Denmark might, under French pressure, become hostile to Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the night of 21/22 July 1807 Canning received intelligence directly from <a href="/wiki/Sovetsk,_Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Sovetsk, Kaliningrad Oblast">Tilsit</a> (where Napoleon and Tsar <a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Russia" title="Alexander I of Russia">Alexander I of Russia</a> were negotiating a <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tilsit" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Tilsit">treaty</a>) which appeared "to rest on good authority" that Napoleon had proposed to the Tsar a great naval combination against Britain, of which Denmark and Portugal would be members.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 30 July a military force 25,000 strong set sail for Denmark, with Francis Jackson travelling the day after. Canning instructed Jackson that his overriding aim was to secure the possession of the Danish navy by offering the Danes a treaty of alliance and mutual defence whereby they would be given back their fleet at the end of the war. On 31 July Canning wrote to his wife: "The anxious interval between this day and the hearing the result of his [Jackson's] expedition will be long and painful indeed. Long, I mean, in <i>feeling</i>. In fact, it will be about a fortnight or three weeks ... I think we have made success almost certain. But the measure is a bold one and if it fails – why we must be impeached I suppose – and dearest dear will have a box at the trial".<sup id="cite_ref-Hinde3_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hinde3-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The day after he wrote that he had received a letter the previous night which provided an "account of the French being <i>actually</i> about to do that act of hostility, the possibility of which formed the groundwork of my Baltic plan. My fear was that the French might <i>not</i> be the aggressors – and then ours would have appeared a strong measure, fully justifiable I think and absolutely necessary, but without apparent necessity or justification. Now the aggression will justify us fully ... I am therefore quite easy as to the morality and political wisdom of our plan".<sup id="cite_ref-Hinde3_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hinde3-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Napoleon had on 31 July instructed his foreign minister, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord" title="Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord">Talleyrand</a>, to inform the Danes that if they did not wish for Holstein to be invaded and occupied by <a href="/wiki/Charles_XIV_John_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles XIV John of Sweden">Jean Bernadotte</a> they must prepare for war against Britain. Canning wrote to his wife on 1 August: "Now for the execution and I confess to my own love, I wake an hour or two earlier than I ought to, thinking of this execution. I could not sleep after asses' milk today, thought I was not in bed till 1/2 p. 2". On 25 August he wrote to <a href="/wiki/George_Leveson-Gower,_1st_Duke_of_Sutherland" title="George Leveson-Gower, 1st Duke of Sutherland">Granville Leveson-Gower</a>: "The suspense is, as you may well imagine, agitating and painful in the extreme; but I have an undiminished confidence as to the result, either by force or by treaty. The latter however is so infinitely preferable to the former that the doubt whether it has been successful is of itself almost as anxious as if the whole depended on it alone".<sup id="cite_ref-Hinde3_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hinde3-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 2 September, after Jackson's negotiations proved unsuccessful, the British fleet began bombarding <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a> until when at 7 pm on 5 September the Danes requested a truce. On 7 September the Danes agreed to hand over their navy (18 ships of the line, 15 frigates and 31 smaller ships) and naval stores and the British agreed to evacuate Zealand within six weeks. On 16 September Canning received the news with relief and excitement: "Did I not tell you we would save <a href="/wiki/Plumstead" title="Plumstead">Plumstead</a> from bombardment?" he wrote to the Reverend William Leigh. On 24 September he wrote to <a href="/wiki/George_Rose_(Treasurer_of_the_Navy)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Rose (Treasurer of the Navy)">George Rose</a>: "Nothing was ever more brilliant, more salutary or more effectual than the success [at Copenhagen]".<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 30 September he wrote <a href="/wiki/John_Parker,_1st_Earl_of_Morley" title="John Parker, 1st Earl of Morley">Lord Boringdon</a> that he hoped Copenhagen would "<i>stun</i> Russia into her sense again".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Canning wrote to Gower on 2 October 1807: "We <i>are</i> hated throughout Europe and that hate must be cured by fear".<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the news of Russia's declaration of war against Britain reached London on 2 December, Canning wrote to Lord Boringdon two days later: "The Peace of Tilsit you see is come out. We did not want any more <i>case</i> for Copenhagen; but if we had, this gives it us".<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 3 February 1808, the opposition leader <a href="/wiki/George_Ponsonby" title="George Ponsonby">George Ponsonby</a> requested the publication of all information on the strength and battle-worthiness of the Danish fleet sent by the British envoy at Copenhagen. Canning replied with a speech nearly three hours long, described by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Lord Palmerston</a> as "so powerful that it gave a decisive turn to the debate". Lord Grey said his speech was "eloquent and powerful" but that he had never heard such "audacious misrepresentation" and "positive falsehood".<sup id="cite_ref-Hinde_(1973),_p._188_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hinde_(1973),_p._188-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 2 March the opposition moved a vote of censure over Copenhagen, defeated by 224 votes to 64 after Canning gave a speech, in the words of <a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Douglas,_1st_Baron_Glenbervie" title="Sylvester Douglas, 1st Baron Glenbervie">Lord Glenbervie</a>, so "very witty, very eloquent and very able".<sup id="cite_ref-Hinde_(1973),_p._188_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hinde_(1973),_p._188-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 1807, Canning oversaw the <a href="/wiki/Transfer_of_the_Portuguese_Court_to_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Transfer of the Portuguese Court to Brazil">Portuguese royal family's flight</a> from Portugal to Brazil. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Duel_with_Castlereagh">Duel with Castlereagh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Duel with Castlereagh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1809 Canning entered into a series of disputes within the government that were to become famous. He argued with the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_War_and_the_Colonies" title="Secretary of State for War and the Colonies">Secretary of State for War and the Colonies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stewart,_Viscount_Castlereagh" title="Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh">Lord Castlereagh</a>, over the deployment of troops that Canning had promised would be sent to Portugal but which Castlereagh sent to the Netherlands. The government became increasingly paralysed in disputes between the two men. Portland was in deteriorating health and gave no lead, until Canning threatened resignation unless Castlereagh were removed and replaced by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wellesley,_1st_Marquess_Wellesley" title="Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley">Lord Wellesley</a>. Portland secretly agreed to make this change when it would be possible. </p><p>Castlereagh discovered the deal in September 1809 and challenged Canning to a duel. Canning accepted the challenge and the <a href="/wiki/Castlereagh%E2%80%93Canning_duel" title="Castlereagh–Canning duel">Castlereagh–Canning duel</a> was fought on 21 September 1809 on <a href="/wiki/Putney#Putney_Heath" title="Putney">Putney Heath</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Canning, who had never before fired a pistol, widely missed his mark. Castlereagh, who was regarded as one of the best shots of his day, wounded his opponent in the thigh. There was much outrage that two cabinet ministers had resorted to such a method. Shortly afterwards the ailing Portland resigned as prime minister, and Canning offered himself to <a href="/wiki/George_III_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George III of the United Kingdom">George III</a> as a potential successor. The King appointed <a href="/wiki/Spencer_Perceval" title="Spencer Perceval">Spencer Perceval</a> instead and Canning left office once more. He took consolation in the fact that Castlereagh also stood down. </p><p>Upon the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Spencer_Perceval" title="Assassination of Spencer Perceval">Assassination of Spencer Perceval</a> in 1812, the new prime minister, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenkinson,_2nd_Earl_of_Liverpool" title="Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool">Lord Liverpool</a>, offered Canning the position of foreign secretary once more. Canning refused, as he also wished to be <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Leader of the House of Commons">Leader of the House of Commons</a> and was reluctant to serve in any government with Castlereagh.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Castlereagh was appointed foreign secretary by Liverpool, replacing Wellesley who had resigned. Castlereagh remained in the post until his suicide in 1822, overseeing British participation in the final years of the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a> which redrew the map of Europe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Move_to_Burbage">Move to Burbage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Move to Burbage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 1811, George moved the family from Castle Hill House in <a href="/wiki/Hinckley" title="Hinckley">Hinckley</a> to the nearby village of <a href="/wiki/Burbage,_Leicestershire" title="Burbage, Leicestershire">Burbage</a>, where he took up residence in a house along Church Street, which in later years the house would become ‘Burbage Constitutional Club’.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ambassador_to_Lisbon">Ambassador to Lisbon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Ambassador to Lisbon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1814 Canning became the British Ambassador to <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, recently liberated from the French by Wellington's forces. He returned to Britain the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He received several further offers of office from Liverpool. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="President_of_the_Board_of_Control">President of the Board of Control</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: President of the Board of Control"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1816 he became <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Board_of_Control" title="President of the Board of Control">President of the Board of Control</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Canning resigned from office once more in 1820, in opposition to the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Caroline_of_Brunswick" title="Caroline of Brunswick">Queen Caroline</a>, estranged wife of the new King <a href="/wiki/George_IV_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George IV of the United Kingdom">George IV</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Public opinion strongly supported the Queen and thereby Canning was strengthened. </p><p>On 16 March 1821 Canning spoke in favour of William Plunket's Catholic Emancipation Bill.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Liverpool wished to have Canning back in the Cabinet but the King was strongly hostile to him due to his actions over the Caroline affair. The King would only allow Canning back into the Cabinet if he did not have to deal personally with him. This required the office of Governor-General of India. After deliberating on whether to accept, Canning initially declined the offer but then accepted it.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 25 April he spoke in the Commons against <a href="/wiki/Lord_John_Russell" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord John Russell">Lord John Russell</a>'s motion for parliamentary reform and a few days later Canning moved for leave to introduce a measure of Catholic Emancipation (for lifting the exclusion of Catholics from the House of Lords). This passed the Commons but was rejected by the Lords.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foreign_secretary_and_Leader_of_the_House">Foreign secretary and Leader of the House</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Foreign secretary and Leader of the House"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Canning_by_Richard_Evans.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/George_Canning_by_Richard_Evans.jpg/220px-George_Canning_by_Richard_Evans.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="339" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/George_Canning_by_Richard_Evans.jpg/330px-George_Canning_by_Richard_Evans.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/George_Canning_by_Richard_Evans.jpg/440px-George_Canning_by_Richard_Evans.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3695" /></a><figcaption>Canning by Richard Evans, <i>circa</i> 1825</figcaption></figure> <p>In August 1822, Castlereagh committed suicide. Instead of going to India, Canning succeeded him as both foreign secretary and Leader of the House of Commons.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He gave support to the growing campaign for the abolition of slavery. Canning continued many of Castlereagh's foreign policies, such as the view that the powers of Europe (Russia, France, etc.) should not be allowed to meddle in the affairs of other states. This policy enhanced public opinion of Canning as a liberal. He also prevented the United States from opening trade with the British West Indies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Southeast_Asia">Southeast Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Southeast Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Canning signed the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Dutch_Treaty_of_1824" title="Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824">Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824</a> which resolved outstanding matters from <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Dutch_Treaty_of_1814" title="Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814">the previous treaty</a> intended to redistribute colonies formerly administered by the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a> in the East Indies, which had been seized during the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> by the <a href="/wiki/British_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British East India Company">British East India Company</a> owing to Britain's position in the wake of the Napoleonic conquest of the Netherlands of recognising its holdings as hostile territory; the most violent conquest resulting from this policy was the 1811 <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Java_(1811)" title="Invasion of Java (1811)">invasion of Java</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Stamford_Raffles" title="Stamford Raffles">Stamford Raffles</a>. After the war, Raffles' extra-legal establishment of a trading post in <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, a vassal of the Dutch-backed <a href="/wiki/Johor_Sultanate" title="Johor Sultanate">Johor Sultanate</a>, formed the flashpoint for the 1824 renegotiation.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This treaty's impact has lasted until the present day, with the established borders essentially being those between the modern nation-states of <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> also was ruled directly by the EIC from that point on, with the former arrangement of equal control between <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Hussein_Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan Hussein Shah">Sultan Hussein Shah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Temenggong" title="Temenggong">Temenggong</a> Abdul Rahman and <a href="/wiki/Resident_of_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Resident of Singapore">Resident of Singapore</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Farquhar" title="William Farquhar">William Farquhar</a> declared null and void in its aftermath.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latin_America">Latin America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Latin America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During his first period in the Foreign Office (1807–1809), Canning became deeply involved in the affairs of Spain, Portugal and Latin America. In his second term of office, he sought to prevent South America from coming into the French sphere of influence, and in this he was successful.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He helped guarantee the independence of Brazil and the Spanish colonies, thereby acting in support of the <a href="/wiki/Monroe_Doctrine" title="Monroe Doctrine">Monroe Doctrine</a> and aiding British merchants to open new markets across South and Central America.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Britain had a strong interest in ensuring the demise of Spanish colonialism, and opening the newly independent Latin American colonies to its trade. The Latin Americans received a certain amount of unofficial aid – arms and volunteers – from outside, but no outside official help at any stage from Britain or any other power. Britain refused to aid Spain and opposed any outside intervention on behalf of Spain by other powers. Royal Navy veterans were a decisive factor in the struggle for independence of certain Latin American countries.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1825 Mexico, Argentina and Colombia were recognised by means of the ratification of commercial treaties with Britain. In November 1825 the first minister from a Latin American state, Colombia, was officially received in London. "Spanish America is free," Canning declared, "and if we do not mismanage our affairs she is English ... the New World established and if we do not throw it away, ours." Also in 1825, Portugal recognised Brazil (thanks to Canning's efforts, and in return for a preferential commercial treaty), less than three years after Brazil's declaration of independence. </p><p>On 12 December 1826, in the House of Commons, Canning was given an opportunity to defend the policies he had adopted towards France, Spain and Spanish America, and declared: "I resolved that if France had Spain it should not be Spain with the Indies. I called the New World into existence to redress the balance of the Old."<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By granting recognition to Argentina, Colombia, Mexico and Brazil he brought these new states into the European system of trade and diplomacy, while blocking further colonization. Recognition was greeted with enthusiasm throughout Latin America. Canning was the first British foreign secretary to devote a large proportion of his time and energies to the affairs of Latin America (as well as to those of Spain and Portugal) and to foresee the important political and economic role the Latin American states would one day play in the world. </p><p>At the Pan-American Centennial Conference of 1926 which took place in <a href="/wiki/Panama_City" title="Panama City">Panama City</a> and celebrated the centenary of the South American movement to Independence, it was declared that: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Great Britain lent to the liberty of Spanish America not only the support of its diplomacy, represented by Canning, but also an appreciable contingent of blood and it may be asserted that there was no battlefield in the War of Independence in which British blood was not shed.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In 1826 he was elected a <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">Fellow of the Royal Society</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prime_minister">Prime minister<span class="anchor" id="Premiership"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Prime minister"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Canningite_government,_1827%E2%80%931828" title="Canningite government, 1827–1828">Canningite government, 1827–1828</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="padding-bottom:2px; padding-top:2px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:0; padding-bottom:1px;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning"><img alt="George Canning" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/George_Canning_by_Richard_Evans_-_detail.jpg/220px-George_Canning_by_Richard_Evans_-_detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/George_Canning_by_Richard_Evans_-_detail.jpg/330px-George_Canning_by_Richard_Evans_-_detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/George_Canning_by_Richard_Evans_-_detail.jpg/440px-George_Canning_by_Richard_Evans_-_detail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="521" data-file-height="699" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-top:2px;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b><span style="font-size:120%">Premiership of George Canning</span></b></span><br />12 April 1827 – 8 August 1827</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_IV" title="George IV">George IV</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Cabinet</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canning_ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Canning ministry">Canning ministry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tories_(British_political_party)" title="Tories (British political party)">Tory</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Seat_of_government" title="Seat of government">Seat</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/10_Downing_Street" title="10 Downing Street">10 Downing Street</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="line-height:normal; padding-top:1px;"><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;" class="noprint">← Earl of Liverpool</div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_the_Viscount_Goderich" class="mw-redirect" title="Premiership of the Viscount Goderich">Viscount Goderich</a> →</div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <hr class="nomobile" style="background:#eee; height:5px; clear:both; margin:0 0 8px;" /> <div class="center"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:6px 0 2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(HM_Government)_(St_Edwards_Crown).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/100px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/150px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg/200px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28HM_Government%29_%28St_Edwards_Crown%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1530" data-file-height="1256" /></a></span></div><br /><div style="line-height:normal; min-height:1px; padding-bottom:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_HM_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of arms of HM Government">Coat of arms of HM Government</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Post-Medieval_Medal_(FindID_742284).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Post-Medieval_Medal_%28FindID_742284%29.jpg/220px-Post-Medieval_Medal_%28FindID_742284%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Post-Medieval_Medal_%28FindID_742284%29.jpg/330px-Post-Medieval_Medal_%28FindID_742284%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Post-Medieval_Medal_%28FindID_742284%29.jpg/440px-Post-Medieval_Medal_%28FindID_742284%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4956" data-file-height="2362" /></a><figcaption>A worn copper-alloy medal depicting Canning</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1827, Liverpool was forced to stand down as prime minister after suffering a severe stroke. He died the following year. Canning, as Liverpool's right-hand man, was chosen by George IV to succeed him, in preference to the <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Duke of Wellington</a> or Sir <a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Robert Peel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neither man agreed to serve under Canning, and they were followed by five other members of Liverpool's Cabinet and 40 junior members of the government. The Tory party was now heavily split between the "High Tories" (or <a href="/wiki/Ultra-Tories" title="Ultra-Tories">"Ultras"</a>, nicknamed after the <a href="/wiki/Ultra-royalist" title="Ultra-royalist">contemporary party</a> in France) and the moderates supporting Canning, often called "<a href="/wiki/Canningites" class="mw-redirect" title="Canningites">Canningites</a>". Consequently Canning found it difficult to form a government, and chose to invite a number of Whigs to join his Cabinet, including <a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_3rd_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne">Lord Lansdowne</a>. The government agreed not to discuss the difficult question of <a href="/wiki/Reform_Act_1832" title="Reform Act 1832">parliamentary reform</a>, which Canning opposed but the Whigs supported. </p><p>However, Canning's health by this time was in steep decline: at the funeral of <a href="/wiki/Frederick,_Duke_of_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick, Duke of York">Frederick, Duke of York</a>, which was held during a January night at <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Chapel,_Windsor_Castle" title="St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle">St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle</a>, he became so ill that it was thought he might not recover.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died from <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> later that year, on 8 August 1827, in the room where <a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Fox" title="Charles James Fox">Charles James Fox</a> had died 21 years earlier. Canning's total period in office was 119 days, the shortest of any <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of the United Kingdom">prime minister of the United Kingdom</a> who had formed a government until <a href="/wiki/Liz_Truss" title="Liz Truss">Liz Truss</a>, forced to resign after 49 days in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His last words were "Spain and Portugal."<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Canning is buried in <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_of_George_Canning,_Parliament_Square,_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Statue_of_George_Canning%2C_Parliament_Square%2C_London.jpg/170px-Statue_of_George_Canning%2C_Parliament_Square%2C_London.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Statue_of_George_Canning%2C_Parliament_Square%2C_London.jpg/255px-Statue_of_George_Canning%2C_Parliament_Square%2C_London.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Statue_of_George_Canning%2C_Parliament_Square%2C_London.jpg/340px-Statue_of_George_Canning%2C_Parliament_Square%2C_London.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3471" data-file-height="5205" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Canning,_Parliament_Square" title="Statue of George Canning, Parliament Square">Statue of Canning</a> in <a href="/wiki/Parliament_Square" title="Parliament Square">Parliament Square</a>, London, by Sir <a href="/wiki/Richard_Westmacott" title="Richard Westmacott">Richard Westmacott</a>. Erected in 1832.<sup id="cite_ref-BHO45180_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BHO45180-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Canning has come to be regarded as a "lost leader", with much speculation about what his legacy could have been had he lived. His government of Tories and Whigs continued for a few months under <a href="/wiki/Frederick_John_Robinson,_1st_Viscount_Goderich" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick John Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich">Lord Goderich</a> but fell apart in early 1828. It was succeeded by a government under the <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Duke of Wellington</a>, which initially included some <a href="/wiki/Canningites" class="mw-redirect" title="Canningites">Canningites</a> but soon became mostly "High Tory" when many of the Canningites drifted over to the Whigs. Wellington's administration was soon defeated. Some historians have seen the revival of the Tories from the 1830s onwards, in the form of the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a>, as the overcoming of the divisions of 1827. What would have been the course of events had Canning lived is highly speculative. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Canning_House_2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/George_Canning_House_2021.jpg/220px-George_Canning_House_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/George_Canning_House_2021.jpg/330px-George_Canning_House_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/George_Canning_House_2021.jpg/440px-George_Canning_House_2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3120" data-file-height="4160" /></a><figcaption>Blue plaque at George Canning's home</figcaption></figure> <p>Rory Muir has described Canning as "the most brilliant and colourful minister, and certainly the greatest orator in the government at a time when oratory was still politically important. He was a man of biting wit and invective, with immense confidence in his own ability, who often inspired either great friendship or deep dislike and distrust ... he was a passionate, active, committed man who poured his energy into whatever he undertook. This was his strength and also his weakness ... the government's ablest minister".<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Greville_(diarist)" title="Charles Greville (diarist)">Greville</a> recorded of Canning on the day after his death: </p> <blockquote><p>He wrote very fast, but not fast enough for his mind, composing much quicker than he could commit his ideas to paper. He could not bear to dictate, because nobody could write fast enough for him; but on one occasion, when he had gout in his hand and could not write, he stood by the fire and dictated at the same time a despatch on Greek affairs to <a href="/wiki/Lord_George_Bentinck" title="Lord George Bentinck">George Bentinck</a> and one on South American politics to <a href="/wiki/Charles_Ellis,_6th_Baron_Howard_de_Walden" title="Charles Ellis, 6th Baron Howard de Walden">Howard de Walden</a>, each writing as fast as he could, while he turned from one to the other without hesitation or embarrassment.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Canning was the arch-enemy of the <a href="/wiki/Concert_of_Europe" title="Concert of Europe">Concert of Europe</a> system set up by the conservative powers at the Congress of Vienna in 1815. Hayes says that in terms of foreign affairs: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>His most important achievement was the destruction of the system of the neo-Holy Alliance which, if unchallenged, must have dominated Europe. Canning realized it was not enough for Britain to boycott conferences and congresses; it was essential to persuade the Powers that their interests could not be advanced by a system of intervention based upon principles of legitimacy, <a href="/wiki/Anti-nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-nationalism">anti-nationalism</a> and hostility to revolution.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Temperley summarises his policies, which formed the basis of British foreign policy for decades: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>non-intervention; no European police system; every nation for itself, and God for us all; balance of power; respect for facts, not for abstract theories; respect for treaty rights, but caution in extending them ... a republic is as good a member of the comity of nations as a monarch. "England not Europe". "Our foreign policy cannot be conducted against the will of the nation." "Europe's domain extends to the shores of the Atlantic, England's begins there."<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, negotiated by himself and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Williams-Wynn_(1775%E2%80%931850)" title="Charles Williams-Wynn (1775–1850)">Charles Williams-Wynn</a>, is responsible for the borders of the modern nation-states of Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Places_named_after_Canning">Places named after Canning</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Places named after Canning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Britain">Britain</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Canning_Club" title="Canning Club">Canning Club</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Gentlemen%27s_club" title="Gentlemen's club">gentlemen's club</a> in <a href="/wiki/Central_London" title="Central London">central London</a>. Founded in 1911 as the Argentine Club for <a href="/wiki/Expatriate" title="Expatriate">expatriate</a> businessmen, it was renamed in 1948 as the club extended its remit to the rest of Latin America, in honour of Canning's strong ties to the region. The club currently shares the premises of the <a href="/wiki/Naval_and_Military_Club" title="Naval and Military Club">Naval and Military Club</a> in <a href="/wiki/St._James%27s_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="St. James's Square">St. James's Square</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canning_House" title="Canning House">Canning House</a> in <a href="/wiki/Belgravia" title="Belgravia">Belgravia</a> is the seat of the Hispanic and Luso Brazilian Council. It houses a research library and is used for a range of cultural and educational events.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>There are pubs (<a href="/wiki/Public_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Public house">public houses</a>) named after him. One in <a href="/wiki/Brixton" title="Brixton">Brixton</a>, on the corner of Effra Road and Brixton Water Lane, bore his name until it became the Hobgoblin in the late 1990s and the Hootenanny in 2008. Another in <a href="/wiki/Camberwell" title="Camberwell">Camberwell</a>, on Grove Lane near Denmark Hill station, is still called the George Canning.</li> <li>Canning Circus is an area at the top of Zion Hill in <a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a>. <a href="/wiki/Canning_Terrace" title="Canning Terrace">Canning Terrace</a> was erected as almshouses and a gatehouse to the adjacent cemetery.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canning,_Liverpool" class="mw-redirect" title="Canning, Liverpool">Canning</a> is a district of Liverpool also known as the Georgian Quarter and includes Canning Street. Canning Place in <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_One" title="Liverpool One">Liverpool One</a> was the site of the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Sailors%27_Home" title="Liverpool Sailors' Home">Liverpool Sailors' Home</a>. <a href="/wiki/Canning_Dock" title="Canning Dock">Canning Dock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canning_Half_Tide_Dock" title="Canning Half Tide Dock">Canning Half Tide Dock</a> on the <a href="/wiki/River_Mersey" title="River Mersey">River Mersey</a> are also named after Canning.</li> <li>Canning Street in Belfast is named after George Canning.</li> <li>Canning Crescent, <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Canning's View, <a href="/wiki/Cliveden" title="Cliveden">Cliveden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Canning Street, <a href="/wiki/Hinckley" title="Hinckley">Hinckley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Australia">Australia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Canning_River,_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Canning River, Western Australia">Canning River</a> in Western Australia, which flows into the <a href="/wiki/Swan_River,_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Swan River, Western Australia">Swan River</a> south of <a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a>. A number of districts on its banks are named after the river, rather than Canning himself; for example <a href="/wiki/Cannington,_Western_Australia" title="Cannington, Western Australia">Cannington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canning_Vale" class="mw-redirect" title="Canning Vale">Canning Vale</a>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canning_Creek,_Queensland" title="Canning Creek, Queensland">Canning Creek</a> (the watercourse, the locality and the pastoral run) were all named after him.<sup id="cite_ref-qpnl2_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qpnl2-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Elsewhere in Australia, there is a street in <a href="/wiki/Carlton_North" title="Carlton North">Carlton North</a> named after him.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Canada">Canada</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The village of <a href="/wiki/Canning,_Nova_Scotia" title="Canning, Nova Scotia">Canning</a> in the Annapolis Valley of Nova Scotia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannington,_Ontario" title="Cannington, Ontario">Cannington</a>, Ontario, is a small village in Brock Township.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="South_America">South America</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: South America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In Buenos Aires, Argentina, <a href="/wiki/Scalabrini_Ortiz_Avenue" class="mw-redirect" title="Scalabrini Ortiz Avenue">a street has been on-and-off named after Canning</a> since 1893, changing away from the name (to Scalabrini Ortiz) in 1985. A nearby subway station also bore his name from 1930 to 1985 (when it was changed to <a href="/wiki/Malabia_-_Osvaldo_Pugliese_(Buenos_Aires_Underground)" title="Malabia - Osvaldo Pugliese (Buenos Aires Underground)">Malabia</a>). There is also a neighbourhood in southwestern Buenos Aires named after Canning, it started as a station and today is occupied by many 'country clubs' where richer people live.</li> <li>In Montevideo, Uruguay, there is a street named Jorge Canning, the location of the British Residence.</li> <li>There is also a street named after him in the district of <a href="/wiki/Ipanema" title="Ipanema">Ipanema</a>, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> there are two streets called Jorge (Spanish for George) Canning, one in the commune of San Joaquin and a smaller one in the commune of Ñuñoa.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Greece">Greece</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Greece"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>A square in downtown <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, Greece, is named after Canning (Πλατεία Κάνιγγος, <i>Plateía Kánningos</i>, Canning Square), in appreciation of his supportive stance toward the <a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek War of Independence</a> (1821–1830).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Places_named_after_other_Cannings">Places named after other Cannings</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Places named after other Cannings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Canning" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Canning">Fort Canning</a>, a hill in Singapore, is actually named after Canning's son <a href="/wiki/Charles_Canning,_1st_Earl_Canning" title="Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning">Viscount Charles Canning</a>, although many mistakenly believe that it was named after George Canning himself. The hill was previously known simply as <i>Government Hill</i> and earlier as <i>Bukit Larangan</i> (<a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a> for Forbidden Hill) as it was once the seat for <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Johor" title="Sultan of Johor">Malay royalty</a>. Having served as an administrative centre for the British colonial administration in Singapore, it was then converted into a fort during the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> but was not used until the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. It is currently one of Singapore's oldest <a href="/wiki/Urban_park" title="Urban park">urban parks</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canning_Town" title="Canning Town">Canning Town</a> in London is often thought of as being named after George Canning, but was in fact named after his son <a href="/wiki/Charles_Canning,_1st_Earl_Canning" title="Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning">Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning</a>, Governor-General of India during the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Mutiny" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Mutiny">Indian Mutiny</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Canning married <a href="/wiki/Joan_Canning,_1st_Viscountess_Canning" title="Joan Canning, 1st Viscountess Canning">Joan Scott</a> (later <a href="/wiki/Earl_Canning" title="Earl Canning">1st Viscountess Canning</a>) (1776–1837) on 8 July 1800, with John Hookham Frere and William Pitt the Younger as witnesses. </p><p>George and Joan Canning had four children: </p> <ul><li>George Charles Canning (1801–1820), died from <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">consumption</a></li> <li>William Pitt Canning (1802–1828), died from drowning in <a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a>, Portugal</li> <li>Harriet Canning (1804–1876), married <a href="/wiki/Ulick_de_Burgh,_1st_Marquess_of_Clanricarde" title="Ulick de Burgh, 1st Marquess of Clanricarde">Ulick de Burgh, 1st Marquess of Clanricarde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_John_Canning,_1st_Earl_Canning" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles John Canning, 1st Earl Canning">Charles John Canning</a> (later 2nd Viscount Canning and 1st Earl Canning) (1812–1862)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Canning's_Government,_April–August_1827"><span id="Canning.27s_Government.2C_April.E2.80.93August_1827"></span>Canning's Government, April–August 1827</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Canning's Government, April–August 1827"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>George Canning – <a href="/wiki/First_Lord_of_the_Treasury" title="First Lord of the Treasury">First Lord of the Treasury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Leader of the House of Commons">Leader of the House of Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Copley,_1st_Baron_Lyndhurst" title="John Copley, 1st Baron Lyndhurst">Lord Lyndhurst</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Ryder,_1st_Earl_of_Harrowby" title="Dudley Ryder, 1st Earl of Harrowby">Lord Harrowby</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lord_President_of_the_Council" title="Lord President of the Council">Lord President of the Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bentinck,_4th_Duke_of_Portland" title="William Bentinck, 4th Duke of Portland">The Duke of Portland</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lord_Privy_Seal" title="Lord Privy Seal">Lord Privy Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Sturges_Bourne" title="William Sturges Bourne">William Sturges Bourne</a> – <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_the_Home_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for the Home Department">Secretary of State for the Home Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_William_Ward,_1st_Earl_of_Dudley" class="mw-redirect" title="John William Ward, 1st Earl of Dudley">Lord Dudley</a> – <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_Affairs_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (UK)">Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_John_Robinson,_1st_Viscount_Goderich" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick John Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich">Lord Goderich</a> – <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_War_and_the_Colonies" title="Secretary of State for War and the Colonies">Secretary of State for War and the Colonies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Lords" title="Leader of the House of Lords">Leader of the House of Lords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Huskisson" title="William Huskisson">William Huskisson</a> – <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Board_of_Trade" title="President of the Board of Trade">President of the Board of Trade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Treasurer_of_the_Navy" title="Treasurer of the Navy">Treasurer of the Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Williams-Wynn_(1775%E2%80%931850)" title="Charles Williams-Wynn (1775–1850)">Charles Williams-Wynn</a> – <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Board_of_Control" title="President of the Board of Control">President of the Board of Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Vansittart,_1st_Baron_Bexley" title="Nicholas Vansittart, 1st Baron Bexley">Lord Bexley</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Duchy_of_Lancaster" title="Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster">Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Lord Palmerston</a> – <a href="/wiki/Secretary_at_War" title="Secretary at War">Secretary at War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_3rd_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne">Lord Lansdowne</a> – <a href="/wiki/Minister_without_portfolio_(United_Kingdom)" title="Minister without portfolio (United Kingdom)">Minister without Portfolio</a></li></ul> <p><b>Changes</b> </p> <ul><li>May 1827 – <a href="/wiki/George_Howard,_6th_Earl_of_Carlisle" title="George Howard, 6th Earl of Carlisle">Lord Carlisle</a>, the <a href="/wiki/First_Commissioner_of_Woods_and_Forests" class="mw-redirect" title="First Commissioner of Woods and Forests">First Commissioner of Woods and Forests</a>, enters the Cabinet</li> <li>July 1827 – The Duke of Portland becomes a minister without portfolio. Lord Carlisle succeeds him as Lord Privy Seal. W. S. Bourne succeeds Carlisle as First Commissioner of Woods and Forests. Lord Lansdowne succeeds Bourne as Home Secretary. <a href="/wiki/George_Tierney" title="George Tierney">George Tierney</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Master_of_the_Mint" title="Master of the Mint">Master of the Mint</a>, enters the cabinet</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Blue_Book" class="mw-redirect" title="British Blue Book">British Blue Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statues_and_sculptures_in_Liverpool" class="mw-redirect" title="List of statues and sculptures in Liverpool">List of statues and sculptures in Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratford_Canning,_1st_Viscount_Stratford_de_Redcliffe" title="Stratford Canning, 1st Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe">Stratford Canning, 1st Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe</a> his protege</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Trevelyan, <i>British History in the 19th Century: 1782–1901</i> (1922) p. 214</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ODNB-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/4556">"Canning, George"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F4556">10.1093/ref:odnb/4556</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Canning%2C+George&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F4556&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F4556&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Canning" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eighteenthcenturypoetry.org/authors/pers00210.shtml">George Canning</a> at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eighteenthcenturypoetry.org/">Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E. A. Smith, <i>Lord Grey. 1764–1845</i> (Alan Sutton Publishing Limited, 1996), p. 242.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dixon (1976), pp. 4, 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wendy Hinde, <i>George Canning</i> (London: Purnell Books Services, 1973), pp. 14–15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Adams" title="Henry Adams">Adams, Henry</a>, <i>History of the United States of America during the Administrations of Thomas Jefferson</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-940450-34-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-940450-34-8">0-940450-34-8</a>, p. 968.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Officially, the Tory name was not used. They were called <a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Mr._Pitt" class="mw-redirect" title="Friends of Mr. Pitt">Friends of Mr. Pitt</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hinde (1973), p. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dorothy Marshall, <i>The Rise of George Canning</i> (London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1938), p. 189.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marshall (1938), pp. 179–180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marshall (1938), p. 187.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hinde (1973), p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hinde (1973), p. 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hinde (1973), p. 79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hinde (1973), p. 92.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hinde1-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hinde1_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hinde1_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hinde1_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hinde1_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hinde (1973), pp. 100–101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hinde (1973), pp. 103–104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hinde (1973), p. 105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hinde (1973), pp. 107–108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hinde (1973), p. 109.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hinde (1973), p. 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hinde (1973), p. 113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hinde (1973), p. 114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hinde (1973), pp. 119–120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hinde (1973), p. 123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hinde (1973), p. 125.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hinde2-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hinde2_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hinde2_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hinde (1973), pp. 130–131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hinde (1973), pp. 142–143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hinde (1973), p. 169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hinde (1973), p. 171.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hinde3-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hinde3_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hinde3_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hinde3_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hinde (1973), pp. 172–173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hinde (1973), p. 175.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hinde (1973), p. 179.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Boyd Hilton, <i>A Mad, Bad, and Dangerous People? England. 1783–1846</i> (2006), p. 211.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hinde (1973), p. 180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hinde_(1973),_p._188-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hinde_(1973),_p._188_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hinde_(1973),_p._188_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hinde (1973), p. 188.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Spectator" class="citation web cs1">The Spectator. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100205005753/http://www.spectator.co.uk/books/575291/pistols-at-dawn.thtml">"Pistols at dawn"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spectator.co.uk/books/575291/pistols-at-dawn.thtml">the original</a> on 5 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pistols+at+dawn&rft.au=The+Spectator&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spectator.co.uk%2Fbooks%2F575291%2Fpistols-at-dawn.thtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Canning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hinde (1973), p. 255.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hinckleypastpresent.org/georgecanning.html">"George Canning - British Prime Minister of 1827"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=George+Canning+-+British+Prime+Minister+of+1827&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hinckleypastpresent.org%2Fgeorgecanning.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Canning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hinde (1973), p. 269.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hinde (1973), p. 277.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hinde (1973), p. 304.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hinde (1973), p. 306.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hinde (1973), p. 314.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hinde (1973), pp. 315–316.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hinde (1973), pp. 319–320.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">H.R.C. Wright, "The Anglo-Dutch Dispute in the East, 1814–1824." <i>Economic History Review</i> 3.2 (1950): 229–239 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2590770">online</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Robert_Rush2018" class="citation book cs1">James Robert Rush (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SU5WDwAAQBAJ"><i>Southeast Asia: A Very Short Introduction</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780190248765" title="Special:BookSources/9780190248765"><bdi>9780190248765</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southeast+Asia%3A+A+Very+Short+Introduction&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9780190248765&rft.au=James+Robert+Rush&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSU5WDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Canning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._de_V._AllenA.J._StockwellL.R._Wright1981" class="citation book cs1">J. de V. Allen; A.J. Stockwell; L.R. Wright (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/6863261"><i>A Collection of treaties and other documents affecting the States of Malaysia, 1761–1963</i></a>. Oceana Publications. p. 37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780379007817" title="Special:BookSources/9780379007817"><bdi>9780379007817</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/6863261">6863261</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Collection+of+treaties+and+other+documents+affecting+the+States+of+Malaysia%2C+1761%E2%80%931963&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Oceana+Publications&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F6863261&rft.isbn=9780379007817&rft.au=J.+de+V.+Allen&rft.au=A.J.+Stockwell&rft.au=L.R.+Wright&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F6863261&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Canning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dixon (1976), pp. 235–236.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">H.W.V. Temperley, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1832228">"The Later American Policy of George Canning"</a>. <i>American Historical Review</i> 11.4 (1906): 779–797.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert G. Albion, "British Shipping and Latin America, 1806–1914". <i>Journal of Economic History</i> 11.4 (1951): 361–374.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gabriel Paquette, "The intellectual context of British diplomatic recognition of the South American republics, c. 1800–1830". <i>Journal of Transatlantic Studies</i> 2#1 (2004): 75–95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFH.W.V._Temperley1925" class="citation book cs1">H.W.V. Temperley (1925). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vOwrBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA381"><i>Foreign Policy of Canning</i></a>. Routledge. p. 381. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136244568" title="Special:BookSources/9781136244568"><bdi>9781136244568</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foreign+Policy+of+Canning&rft.pages=381&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1925&rft.isbn=9781136244568&rft.au=H.W.V.+Temperley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvOwrBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA381&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Canning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebster1970" class="citation book cs1">Webster, Charles Kingsley, ed. (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SeAOAQAAMAAJ"><i>Correspondence with Latin America Volume 1 of Britain and the Independence of Latin America, 1812–1830: Select Documents from the Foreign Office Archives</i></a>. Octagon Book. p. 79.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Correspondence+with+Latin+America+Volume+1+of+Britain+and+the+Independence+of+Latin+America%2C+1812%E2%80%931830%3A+Select+Documents+from+the+Foreign+Office+Archives&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Octagon+Book&rft.date=1970&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSeAOAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Canning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hinde (1973), pp. 443–444.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Longford,_Elizabeth" class="mw-redirect" title="Longford, Elizabeth">Longford, Elizabeth</a>. <i>Wellington- Pillar of State</i>. Weidenfeld and Nicolson (1972) p. 131</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuardian_staff2022" class="citation web cs1">Guardian staff (20 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/oct/20/liz-truss-resignation-speech-in-full">"Liz Truss's resignation speech in full"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Liz+Truss%27s+resignation+speech+in+full&rft.date=2022-10-20&rft.au=Guardian+staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2022%2Foct%2F20%2Fliz-truss-resignation-speech-in-full&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Canning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/history/past-prime-ministers/george-canning">"History of George Canning"</a>. <i>GOV.UK</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GOV.UK&rft.atitle=History+of+George+Canning&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fhistory%2Fpast-prime-ministers%2Fgeorge-canning&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Canning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Penrhyn_Stanley" title="Arthur Penrhyn Stanley">Stanley, A.P.</a>, <i>Historical Memorials of Westminster Abbey</i> (<a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Murray_(publishing_house)" title="John Murray (publishing house)">John Murray</a>; <a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a>), p. 247.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BHO45180-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BHO45180_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45180">Westminster: King St, Great George St and the Broad Sanctuary</a> in <i>Old and New London: Volume 4</i> (1878), pp. 26–35, from British History Online</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rory Muir, <i>Britain and the Defeat of Napoleon</i> (London: Yale University Press, 1996), pp. 10, 59, 77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles C.F. Greville, <i>A Journal of the Reigns of King George IV and King William IV</i>, vol. I (London, Longmans Green & Co, 1874), pp. 106–107</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Hayes, <i>Modern British Foreign Policy: The 19th Century 1814–80</i> (1975) p. 89</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFH.W.V._Temperley1925" class="citation book cs1">H.W.V. Temperley (1925). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=idHFBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT342"><i>The Foreign Policy of Canning, 1822–1827</i></a>. Routledge. p. 342. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136244636" title="Special:BookSources/9781136244636"><bdi>9781136244636</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Foreign+Policy+of+Canning%2C+1822%E2%80%931827&rft.pages=342&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1925&rft.isbn=9781136244636&rft.au=H.W.V.+Temperley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DidHFBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT342&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Canning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Robert_Rush2018" class="citation book cs1">James Robert Rush (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SU5WDwAAQBAJ"><i>Southeast Asia: A Very Short Introduction</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780190248765" title="Special:BookSources/9780190248765"><bdi>9780190248765</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southeast+Asia%3A+A+Very+Short+Introduction&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9780190248765&rft.au=James+Robert+Rush&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSU5WDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Canning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151223140717/http://www.navalandmilitaryclub.co.uk/InAndOutClub.asp?PropertyID=2898">"The Canning Club"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Naval_and_Military_Club" title="Naval and Military Club">Naval and Military Club</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navalandmilitaryclub.co.uk/InAndOutClub.asp?PropertyID=2898">the original</a> on 23 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Canning+Club&rft.pub=Naval+and+Military+Club&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.navalandmilitaryclub.co.uk%2FInAndOutClub.asp%3FPropertyID%3D2898&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Canning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHispaninc_and_Luso-Brazilian_Council" class="citation web cs1">Hispaninc and Luso-Brazilian Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090810215327/http://www.canninghouse.com/content/about/history/">"Canning House/About us/History"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canninghouse.com/content/about/history/">the original</a> on 10 August 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canning+House%2FAbout+us%2FHistory&rft.au=Hispaninc+and+Luso-Brazilian+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canninghouse.com%2Fcontent%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Canning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://southoxfordhistory.org.uk/interesting-aspects-of-grandpont-and-south-oxford-s-history/the-meaning-of-street-names-in-grandpont-and-south-oxford">"The meaning of street and area names in South Oxford"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2022</span>. <q>After George Canning (1770-1827), Prime Minister in 1827. He and his son Charles, 1st Earl Canning (1812–1862) were both graduates of Christ Church and Charles was Governor-General of India 1856–1862. When the Weirs Lane council housing estate was being developed in the mid-1920s, the Provost of Oriel, who sat on the City Council, suggested naming the newly-made local streets after British statesmen: Pitt (later changed to Chatham), Fox, Canning and Peel.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+meaning+of+street+and+area+names+in+South+Oxford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsouthoxfordhistory.org.uk%2Finteresting-aspects-of-grandpont-and-south-oxford-s-history%2Fthe-meaning-of-street-names-in-grandpont-and-south-oxford&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Canning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hinckleypastpresent.org/roadnameshinckley.html">"Road names of Hinckley"</a>. <i>Hinckley Past & Present</i>. 22 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2024</span>. <q>Road leading off Trinity Lane, and named after George Canning, who was the 1827 British Prime Minister.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hinckley+Past+%26+Present&rft.atitle=Road+names+of+Hinckley&rft.date=2024-05-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hinckleypastpresent.org%2Froadnameshinckley.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Canning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-qpnl2-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-qpnl2_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQPN47804" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dnrm.qld.gov.au/qld/environment/land/place-names/search#/search=Canning_Creek_(Goondiwindi_Regional)&types=0&place=Canning_Creek_(Goondiwindi_Regional)47804">"Canning Creek (Goondiwindi Regional) – locality (entry 47804)"</a>. <i>Queensland Place Names</i>. <a href="/wiki/Queensland_Government" title="Queensland Government">Queensland Government</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Queensland+Place+Names&rft.atitle=Canning+Creek+%28Goondiwindi+Regional%29+%E2%80%93+locality+%28entry+47804%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnrm.qld.gov.au%2Fqld%2Fenvironment%2Fland%2Fplace-names%2Fsearch%23%2Fsearch%3DCanning_Creek_%28Goondiwindi_Regional%29%26types%3D0%26place%3DCanning_Creek_%28Goondiwindi_Regional%2947804&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Canning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about:<br /><b style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:George_Canning" class="extiw" title="s:Author:George Canning">George Canning</a></i></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li>Bailey, Frank E. "The Economics of British Foreign Policy, 1825–50." <i>Journal of Modern History</i> 12.4 (1940): 449–484. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1871223">online</a></li> <li>Beales, Derek. '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/4556">Canning, George (1770–1827)</a>', <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i>, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2008, accessed 1 May 2010.</li> <li>Brock, M. G. "George Canning" <i>History Today</i> (Aug 1951) 1#8 pp 33–40</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Campbell_(biographer)" title="John Campbell (biographer)">Campbell, John</a> (2009). <i>Pistols at Dawn: Two Hundred Years of Political Rivalry from Pitt and Fox to Blair and Brown</i>. London: Vintage Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84595-091-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84595-091-0"><bdi>978-1-84595-091-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pistols+at+Dawn%3A+Two+Hundred+Years+of+Political+Rivalry+from+Pitt+and+Fox+to+Blair+and+Brown&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Vintage+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-84595-091-0&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Canning" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Cecil, Algernon. <i>British Foreign Secretaries 1807–1916</i> (1927) pp 53–88. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bristishforeigns0000unse">online</a></li> <li>Dixon, Peter. <i>George Canning: Politician and Statesman</i> (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1976).</li> <li>Hibbert, Christopher. "George IV and Canning." <i>History Today</i> (Sept 1973), 23#9, pp 607–617 online</li> <li>Hinde, Wendy. <i>George Canning</i> (London: Collins, 1973).</li> <li>Hunt, Giles. <i>The Duel: Castlereagh, Canning and Deadly Cabinet Rivalry</i> (London, I.B. Tauris, 2008).</li> <li>Lee, Stephen M. <i>George Canning and Liberal Toryism, 1801–1827</i> (Woodbridge, Boydell & Brewer, 2008).</li> <li>Marshall, Dorothy. <i>The Rise of George Canning</i> (London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1938).</li> <li>Muir, Rory. <i>Britain and the Defeat of Napoleon</i> (Yale University Press, 1996).</li> <li>Perkins, Bradford. "George Canning, Great Britain, and the United States, 1807–1809," <i>American Historical Review</i> (1957) 63#1 pp. 1–22 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1847109">in JSTOR</a></li> <li>Seton-Watson, R. W. <i>Britain in Europe, 1789–1914.</i> (1938); pp 67–120.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.226175/2015.226175.Britain-In.pdf">online</a></li> <li>Temperley, H.W.V. <i>The Foreign Policy of Canning, 1822–1827: England, the Neo-Holy Alliance, and the New World</i> (1925) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vOwrBgAAQBAJ&pg=P1">online</a></li> <li>Temperley, Harold and L.M. Penson, eds. <i>Foundations of British Foreign Policy: From Pitt (1792) to Salisbury (1902)</i> (1938), primary sources <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.2629">online</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWard,_A._W.Gooch,_G._P.1922" class="citation book cs1">Ward, A. W.; <a href="/wiki/G._P._Gooch" class="mw-redirect" title="G. P. Gooch">Gooch, G. P.</a>, eds. (1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-lFnAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Cambridge History of British Foreign Policy, 1783–1919: Volume 1: 1783–1815</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+British+Foreign+Policy%2C+1783%E2%80%931919%3A+Volume+1%3A+1783%E2%80%931815&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1922&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-lFnAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Canning" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:George_Canning" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:George Canning">George Canning</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/George_Canning" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/George Canning">George Canning</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Canning,_George" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Canning, George">Canning, George</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030219234443/http://www.kittybrewster.com/ancestry/canning.htm">Family tree</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Hansard</a></i> 1803–2005: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/mr-george-canning">contributions in Parliament by George Canning</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070525065638/http://www.pm.gov.uk/output/Page156.asp">More about George Canning</a> on the Downing Street website.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.berkshirehistory.com/bios/gcanning.html">Royal Berkshire History: George Canning (1770–1827)</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/c/F256780">"Archival material relating to George Canning"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">UK National Archives</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archival+material+relating+to+George+Canning&rft.pub=UK+National+Archives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Fdetails%2Fc%2FF256780&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Canning" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219731#P3029" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person.php?LinkID=mp00728">Portraits of George Canning</a> at the <a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London" title="National Portrait Gallery, London">National Portrait Gallery, London</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219731#P1816" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/25085">Works by George Canning</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Canning%2C%20George%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22George%20Canning%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Canning%2C%20George%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22George%20Canning%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Canning%2C%20G%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22George%20Canning%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Canning%2C%20George%22%20OR%20description%3A%22George%20Canning%22%29%20OR%20%28%221770-1827%22%20AND%20Canning%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about George Canning</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/14052">Works by George Canning</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Ryder,_1st_Earl_of_Harrowby" title="Dudley Ryder, 1st Earl of Harrowby">Dudley Ryder</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Steele_(British_politician)" title="Thomas Steele (British politician)">Thomas Steele</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Paymaster_of_the_Forces" title="Paymaster of the Forces">Paymaster of the Forces</a> </b><br />1800–1801 <br />With: <b> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Steele_(British_politician)" title="Thomas Steele (British politician)">Thomas Steele</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Steele_(British_politician)" title="Thomas Steele (British politician)">Thomas Steele</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Douglas,_1st_Baron_Glenbervie" title="Sylvester Douglas, 1st Baron Glenbervie">The Lord Glenbervie</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Tierney" title="George Tierney">George Tierney</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Treasurer_of_the_Navy" title="Treasurer of the Navy">Treasurer of the Navy</a> </b><br />1804–1806 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Brinsley_Sheridan" title="Richard Brinsley Sheridan">Richard Brinsley Sheridan</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grey,_2nd_Earl_Grey" title="Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey">Viscount Howick</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_Affairs_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (UK)">Foreign Secretary</a> </b><br />1807–1809 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bathurst,_3rd_Earl_Bathurst" title="Henry Bathurst, 3rd Earl Bathurst">The Earl Bathurst</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hobart,_4th_Earl_of_Buckinghamshire" title="Robert Hobart, 4th Earl of Buckinghamshire">The Earl of Buckinghamshire</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Board_of_Control" title="President of the Board of Control">President of the Board of Control</a> </b><br />1816–1821 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bathurst" title="Charles Bathurst">Charles Bathurst</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stewart,_Viscount_Castlereagh" title="Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh">The Marquess of Londonderry</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_Affairs_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (UK)">Foreign Secretary</a> </b><br />1822–1827 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_William_Ward,_1st_Earl_of_Dudley" class="mw-redirect" title="John William Ward, 1st Earl of Dudley">The Viscount Dudley and Ward</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Leader of the House of Commons">Leader of the House of Commons</a> </b><br />1822–1827 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Huskisson" title="William Huskisson">William Huskisson</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenkinson,_2nd_Earl_of_Liverpool" title="Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool">The Earl of Liverpool</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a> </b><br />1827 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_John_Robinson,_1st_Viscount_Goderich" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick John Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich">The Viscount Goderich</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_John_Robinson,_1st_Viscount_Goderich" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick John Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich">Frederick John Robinson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a> </b><br />1827 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Herries" title="John Charles Herries">John Charles Herries</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Great_Britain" title="Parliament of Great Britain">Parliament of Great Britain</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Barrington,_9th_Baronet" title="Sir John Barrington, 9th Baronet">Sir John Barrington, Bt</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sir_Richard_Worsley,_7th_Baronet" title="Sir Richard Worsley, 7th Baronet">Sir Richard Worsley</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of Parliament for <a href="/wiki/Newtown_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Newtown (UK Parliament constituency)">Newtown (Isle of Wight)</a> </b><br />1793–1796 <br />With: <b> <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Barrington,_9th_Baronet" title="Sir John Barrington, 9th Baronet">Sir John Barrington, Bt</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Richard_Worsley,_7th_Baronet" title="Sir Richard Worsley, 7th Baronet">Sir Richard Worsley</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Charles_Shaw-Lefevre_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Shaw-Lefevre (politician)">Charles Shaw Lefevre</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Barker_Church" title="John Barker Church">John Barker Church</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Seymour-Conway" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh Seymour-Conway">Hugh Seymour-Conway</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of Parliament for <a href="/wiki/Wendover_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Wendover (UK Parliament constituency)">Wendover</a> </b><br />1796–1801 <br />With: <b> <a href="/wiki/John_Hiley_Addington" title="John Hiley Addington">John Hiley Addington</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Parliament of the United Kingdom</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Parliament of Great Britain</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of Parliament for <a href="/wiki/Wendover_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Wendover (UK Parliament constituency)">Wendover</a> </b><br />1801–1802 <br />With: <b> <a href="/wiki/John_Hiley_Addington" title="John Hiley Addington">John Hiley Addington</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Long,_1st_Baron_Farnborough" title="Charles Long, 1st Baron Farnborough">Charles Long</a><br /><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Wendover_MP)" title="John Smith (Wendover MP)">John Smith</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Moore_(Tralee_MP)" title="Arthur Moore (Tralee MP)">Arthur Moore</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of Parliament for <a href="/wiki/Tralee_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Tralee (UK Parliament constituency)">Tralee</a> </b><br />1802–1806 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Maurice_FitzGerald,_18th_Knight_of_Kerry" title="Maurice FitzGerald, 18th Knight of Kerry">Maurice FitzGerald</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Robert_Barclay,_8th_Baronet" title="Sir Robert Barclay, 8th Baronet">Sir Robert Barclay, Bt</a><br /><a href="/wiki/James_Paull_(MP)" title="James Paull (MP)">James Paull</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of Parliament for <a href="/wiki/Newtown_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Newtown (UK Parliament constituency)">Newtown (Isle of Wight)</a> </b><br />1806–1807 <br />With: <b> <a href="/wiki/Sir_Robert_Barclay,_8th_Baronet" title="Sir Robert Barclay, 8th Baronet">Sir Robert Barclay, Bt</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barrington_Pope_Blachford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barrington Pope Blachford (page does not exist)">Barrington Pope Blachford</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Long_North" title="Dudley Long North">Dudley Long North</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Fowle_Middleton,_1st_Baronet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir William Fowle Middleton, 1st Baronet">Sir William Fowle Middleton, Bt</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Nicholl" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir John Nicholl">Sir John Nicholl</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of Parliament for <a href="/wiki/Hastings_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Hastings (UK Parliament constituency)">Hastings</a> </b><br />1807–1812 <br />With: <b> <a href="/wiki/Sir_Abraham_Hume,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir Abraham Hume, 2nd Baronet">Sir Abraham Hume, Bt</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Abraham_Hume,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir Abraham Hume, 2nd Baronet">Sir Abraham Hume, Bt</a><br /><a href="/wiki/James_Dawkins_(MP,_died_1843)" title="James Dawkins (MP, died 1843)">James Dawkins</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Hylton_Jolliffe" title="Hylton Jolliffe">Hylton Jolliffe</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Booth_Grey_(1783-1850)" class="mw-redirect" title="Booth Grey (1783-1850)">Booth Grey</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of Parliament for <a href="/wiki/Petersfield_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Petersfield (UK Parliament constituency)">Petersfield</a> </b><br />1812 <br />With: <b> <a href="/wiki/Hylton_Jolliffe" title="Hylton Jolliffe">Hylton Jolliffe</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Hylton_Jolliffe" title="Hylton Jolliffe">Hylton Jolliffe</a><br /><a href="/wiki/George_Canning,_1st_Baron_Garvagh" title="George Canning, 1st Baron Garvagh">George Canning</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Gascoyne" title="Isaac Gascoyne">Isaac Gascoyne</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Banastre_Tarleton" title="Banastre Tarleton">Banastre Tarleton</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of Parliament for <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Liverpool (UK Parliament constituency)">Liverpool</a> </b><br />1812–1823 <br />With: <b> <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Gascoyne" title="Isaac Gascoyne">Isaac Gascoyne</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Gascoyne" title="Isaac Gascoyne">Isaac Gascoyne</a><br /><a href="/wiki/William_Huskisson" title="William Huskisson">William Huskisson</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Vansittart,_1st_Baron_Bexley" title="Nicholas Vansittart, 1st Baron Bexley">Nicholas Vansittart</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bathurst" title="Charles Bathurst">Charles Bathurst</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of Parliament for <a href="/wiki/Harwich_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Harwich (UK Parliament constituency)">Harwich</a> </b><br />1823–1826 <br />With: <b> <a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Herries" title="John Charles Herries">John Charles Herries</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Herries" title="John Charles Herries">John Charles Herries</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Conyngham_Tindal" title="Nicholas Conyngham Tindal">Nicholas Conyngham Tindal</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Duncombe,_1st_Baron_Feversham" title="Charles Duncombe, 1st Baron Feversham">Charles Duncombe</a><br /><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart,_12th_Earl_of_Moray" title="John Stuart, 12th Earl of Moray">John Stuart</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of Parliament for <a href="/wiki/Newport_(Isle_of_Wight)_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Newport (Isle of Wight) (UK Parliament constituency)">Newport (Isle of Wight)</a> </b><br />1826–1827 <br />With: <b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Henry_John_Scott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Henry John Scott (page does not exist)">William Henry John Scott</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Henry_John_Scott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Henry John Scott (page does not exist)">William Henry John Scott</a><br /><a href="/wiki/William_Lamb,_2nd_Viscount_Melbourne" title="William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne">Hon. William Lamb</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Fitzgerald_(1775-1852)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Fitzgerald (1775-1852)">John Fitzgerald</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Frederick_Ellis" title="Augustus Frederick Ellis">Augustus Frederick Ellis</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of Parliament for <a href="/wiki/Seaford_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Seaford (UK Parliament constituency)">Seaford</a> </b><br />1827 <br />With: <b> <a href="/wiki/John_Fitzgerald_(1775-1852)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Fitzgerald (1775-1852)">John Fitzgerald</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Fitzgerald_(1775-1852)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Fitzgerald (1775-1852)">John Fitzgerald</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Frederick_Ellis" title="Augustus Frederick Ellis">Augustus Frederick Ellis</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="George_Canning_navigational_boxes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="George_Canning_navigational_boxes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">George Canning navigational boxes</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom_(list)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Prime ministers of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Prime ministers of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prime ministers of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom_(list)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime ministers of the United Kingdom</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of prime ministers of the United Kingdom">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Walpole" title="Robert Walpole">Walpole (Orford)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Compton,_1st_Earl_of_Wilmington" title="Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington">Wilmington</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Pelham" title="Henry Pelham">Pelham</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pelham-Holles,_1st_Duke_of_Newcastle" title="Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle">Newcastle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Cavendish,_4th_Duke_of_Devonshire" title="William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire">Devonshire</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pelham-Holles,_1st_Duke_of_Newcastle" title="Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle">Newcastle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart,_3rd_Earl_of_Bute" title="John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute">Bute</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Grenville" title="George Grenville">G. Grenville</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Watson-Wentworth,_2nd_Marquess_of_Rockingham" title="Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham">Rockingham</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt,_1st_Earl_of_Chatham" title="William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham">Chatham (Pitt the Elder)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Augustus_FitzRoy,_3rd_Duke_of_Grafton" title="Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton">Grafton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_North,_Lord_North" title="Frederick North, Lord North">North</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Watson-Wentworth,_2nd_Marquess_of_Rockingham" title="Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham">Rockingham</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Petty,_2nd_Earl_of_Shelburne" title="William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne">Shelburne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Cavendish-Bentinck,_3rd_Duke_of_Portland" title="William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland">Portland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt the Younger</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt the Younger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Addington" title="Henry Addington">Addington</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt the Younger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Grenville,_1st_Baron_Grenville" title="William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville">Lord Grenville</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Cavendish-Bentinck,_3rd_Duke_of_Portland" title="William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland">Portland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Perceval" title="Spencer Perceval">Perceval</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenkinson,_2nd_Earl_of_Liverpool" title="Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool">Liverpool</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Canning</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/F._J._Robinson,_1st_Viscount_Goderich" title="F. J. Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich">Goderich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Wellington</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grey,_2nd_Earl_Grey" title="Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey">Grey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Lamb,_2nd_Viscount_Melbourne" title="William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne">Melbourne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Wellington</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Lamb,_2nd_Viscount_Melbourne" title="William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne">Melbourne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley,_14th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby">Derby</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Hamilton-Gordon,_4th_Earl_of_Aberdeen" title="George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Palmerston</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley,_14th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby">Derby</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Palmerston</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley,_14th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby">Derby</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli (Beaconsfield)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery">Rosebery</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Balfour</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Campbell-Bannerman" title="Henry Campbell-Bannerman">Campbell-Bannerman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">Asquith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">Lloyd George</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bonar_Law" title="Bonar Law">Law</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Eden</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Macmillan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alec_Douglas-Home" title="Alec Douglas-Home">Douglas-Home</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Heath</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Thatcher</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">Major</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Blair</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Brown</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">Cameron</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">May</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liz_Truss" title="Liz Truss">Truss</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Sunak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Starmer</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Prime ministers of the United Kingdom">Category</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chancellors_of_the_exchequer" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chancellors_of_the_Exchequer" title="Template:Chancellors of the Exchequer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chancellors_of_the_Exchequer" title="Template talk:Chancellors of the Exchequer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chancellors_of_the_Exchequer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chancellors of the Exchequer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chancellors_of_the_exchequer" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellors of the exchequer</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Chancellors_of_the_Exchequer_of_England" title="Category:Chancellors of the Exchequer of England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eustace_of_Fauconberg" title="Eustace of Fauconberg">Eustace of Fauconberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maunsell" title="John Maunsell">Maunsell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralf_de_Leicester&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ralf de Leicester (page does not exist)">Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_of_Westminster_(chancellor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward of Westminster (chancellor) (page does not exist)">Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chishull" title="John Chishull">Chishull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Giffard" title="Walter Giffard">W. Giffard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Giffard" title="Godfrey Giffard">G. Giffard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chishull" title="John Chishull">Chishull</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_de_la_Leye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger de la Leye (page does not exist)">de la Leye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_de_Willoughby" title="Philip de Willoughby">Willoughby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_de_Benstede" title="John de Benstede">Benstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sandale" title="John Sandale">Sandale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hotham_(bishop)" title="John Hotham (bishop)">Hotham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hervey_de_Stanton" title="Hervey de Stanton">Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_de_Harvington" title="Adam de Harvington">Harvington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wodehouse" title="Robert Wodehouse">Wodehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Stratford" title="Robert de Stratford">Stratford</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Ashby_(chancellor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Ashby (chancellor) (page does not exist)">Ashby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Ashton" title="Robert de Ashton">Ashton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Barnham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Barnham (page does not exist)">Barnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Somer" title="Henry Somer">Somer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Somerset" title="John Somerset">Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Browne_(died_1460)" title="Thomas Browne (died 1460)">Browne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Witham" title="Thomas Witham">Witham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Thwaites_(civil_servant)" title="Thomas Thwaites (civil servant)">Thwaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Witham" title="Thomas Witham">Witham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Fowler_(chancellor)" title="Richard Fowler (chancellor)">Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Catesby" title="William Catesby">Catesby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lovell" title="Thomas Lovell">Lovell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bourchier,_2nd_Baron_Berners" title="John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners">Berners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cromwell" title="Thomas Cromwell">Cromwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Baker_(died_1558)" title="John Baker (died 1558)">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Sackville_(escheator)" title="Richard Sackville (escheator)">Sackville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mildmay" title="Walter Mildmay">Mildmay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fortescue_of_Salden" title="John Fortescue of Salden">Fortescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Home,_1st_Earl_of_Dunbar" title="George Home, 1st Earl of Dunbar">Dunbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar_(judge)" title="Julius Caesar (judge)">Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulke_Greville,_1st_Baron_Brooke" title="Fulke Greville, 1st Baron Brooke">Greville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Weston,_1st_Earl_of_Portland" title="Richard Weston, 1st Earl of Portland">Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Barrett,_1st_Lord_Barrett_of_Newburgh" title="Edward Barrett, 1st Lord Barrett of Newburgh">Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Cottington,_1st_Baron_Cottington" title="Francis Cottington, 1st Baron Cottington">Cottington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Colepeper,_1st_Baron_Colepeper" title="John Colepeper, 1st Baron Colepeper">Colepeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hyde,_1st_Earl_of_Clarendon" title="Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon">Hyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Ashley_Cooper,_1st_Earl_of_Shaftesbury" title="Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury">Ashley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Duncombe_(Bury_St_Edmunds_MP)" title="John Duncombe (Bury St Edmunds MP)">Duncombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ernle" title="John Ernle">Ernle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Booth,_1st_Earl_of_Warrington" title="Henry Booth, 1st Earl of Warrington">Delamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hampden" title="Richard Hampden">Hampden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Montagu,_1st_Earl_of_Halifax" title="Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax">Montagu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer)" title="John Smith (Chancellor of the Exchequer)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Boyle,_1st_Baron_Carleton" title="Henry Boyle, 1st Baron Carleton">Boyle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Chancellors_of_the_Exchequer_of_Great_Britain" title="Category:Chancellors of the Exchequer of Great Britain">Great Britain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Boyle,_1st_Baron_Carleton" title="Henry Boyle, 1st Baron Carleton">Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer)" title="John Smith (Chancellor of the Exchequer)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Harley,_1st_Earl_of_Oxford_and_Earl_Mortimer" title="Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer">Harley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Benson,_1st_Baron_Bingley" title="Robert Benson, 1st Baron Bingley">Benson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Wyndham,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir William Wyndham, 3rd Baronet">Wyndham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Onslow,_1st_Baron_Onslow" title="Richard Onslow, 1st Baron Onslow">Onslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Walpole" title="Robert Walpole">Walpole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stanhope,_1st_Earl_Stanhope" title="James Stanhope, 1st Earl Stanhope">Stanhope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Aislabie" title="John Aislabie">Aislabie</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John_Pratt_(judge)" title="John Pratt (judge)">Pratt</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Walpole" title="Robert Walpole">Walpole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Sandys,_1st_Baron_Sandys" title="Samuel Sandys, 1st Baron Sandys">Sandys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Pelham" title="Henry Pelham">Pelham</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Lee_(English_judge)" title="William Lee (English judge)">Lee</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bilson-Legge" title="Henry Bilson-Legge">Bilson-Legge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lyttelton,_1st_Baron_Lyttelton" title="George Lyttelton, 1st Baron Lyttelton">Lyttelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bilson-Legge" title="Henry Bilson-Legge">Bilson-Legge</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Murray,_1st_Earl_of_Mansfield" title="William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield">Mansfield</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bilson-Legge" title="Henry Bilson-Legge">Bilson-Legge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Barrington,_2nd_Viscount_Barrington" title="William Barrington, 2nd Viscount Barrington">Barrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Dashwood,_11th_Baron_le_Despencer" title="Francis Dashwood, 11th Baron le Despencer">Dashwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Grenville" title="George Grenville">Grenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dowdeswell_(politician,_born_1721)" title="William Dowdeswell (politician, born 1721)">Dowdeswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Townshend" title="Charles Townshend">Townshend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_North,_Lord_North" title="Frederick North, Lord North">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_John_Cavendish" title="Lord John Cavendish">Cavendish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_John_Cavendish" title="Lord John Cavendish">Cavendish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Addington" title="Henry Addington">Addington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edward_Law,_1st_Baron_Ellenborough" title="Edward Law, 1st Baron Ellenborough">Ellenborough</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_3rd_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne">Petty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Perceval" title="Spencer Perceval">Perceval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Vansittart,_1st_Baron_Bexley" title="Nicholas Vansittart, 1st Baron Bexley">Vansittart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Chancellors_of_the_Exchequer_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Chancellors of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Vansittart,_1st_Baron_Bexley" title="Nicholas Vansittart, 1st Baron Bexley">Vansittart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._J._Robinson,_1st_Viscount_Goderich" title="F. J. Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich">Robinson</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Canning</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charles_Abbott,_1st_Baron_Tenterden" title="Charles Abbott, 1st Baron Tenterden">Tenterden</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Herries" title="John Charles Herries">Herries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Goulburn" title="Henry Goulburn">Goulburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Spencer,_3rd_Earl_Spencer" title="John Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer">Althorp</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Denman,_1st_Baron_Denman" title="Thomas Denman, 1st Baron Denman">Denman</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Spring_Rice,_1st_Baron_Monteagle_of_Brandon" title="Thomas Spring Rice, 1st Baron Monteagle of Brandon">Spring Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Baring,_1st_Baron_Northbrook" title="Francis Baring, 1st Baron Northbrook">Baring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Goulburn" title="Henry Goulburn">Goulburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wood,_1st_Viscount_Halifax" title="Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Cornewall_Lewis" title="George Cornewall Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ward_Hunt" title="George Ward Hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lowe" title="Robert Lowe">Lowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Northcote,_1st_Earl_of_Iddesleigh" title="Stafford Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh">Northcote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Childers" title="Hugh Childers">Childers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hicks_Beach,_1st_Earl_St_Aldwyn" title="Michael Hicks Beach, 1st Earl St Aldwyn">Hicks Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harcourt_(politician)" title="William Harcourt (politician)">Harcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Randolph_Churchill" title="Lord Randolph Churchill">R. Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Goschen,_1st_Viscount_Goschen" title="George Goschen, 1st Viscount Goschen">Goschen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harcourt_(politician)" title="William Harcourt (politician)">Harcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hicks_Beach,_1st_Earl_St_Aldwyn" title="Michael Hicks Beach, 1st Earl St Aldwyn">Hicks Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ritchie,_1st_Baron_Ritchie_of_Dundee" title="Charles Ritchie, 1st Baron Ritchie of Dundee">Ritchie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">A. Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">Asquith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">Lloyd George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_McKenna" title="Reginald McKenna">McKenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonar_Law" title="Bonar Law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">A. Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Horne,_1st_Viscount_Horne_of_Slamannan" title="Robert Horne, 1st Viscount Horne of Slamannan">Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">N. Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Snowden,_1st_Viscount_Snowden" title="Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden">Snowden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">W. Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Snowden,_1st_Viscount_Snowden" title="Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden">Snowden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">N. Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Simon,_1st_Viscount_Simon" title="John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsley_Wood" title="Kingsley Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Anderson,_1st_Viscount_Waverley" title="John Anderson, 1st Viscount Waverley">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Dalton" title="Hugh Dalton">Dalton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Cripps" title="Stafford Cripps">Cripps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Gaitskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rab_Butler" title="Rab Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Macmillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Thorneycroft" title="Peter Thorneycroft">Thorneycroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derick_Heathcoat-Amory,_1st_Viscount_Amory" title="Derick Heathcoat-Amory, 1st Viscount Amory">Heathcoat-Amory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selwyn_Lloyd" title="Selwyn Lloyd">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Maudling" title="Reginald Maudling">Maudling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Macleod" title="Iain Macleod">Macleod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Barber" title="Anthony Barber">Barber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Healey" title="Denis Healey">Healey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Howe" title="Geoffrey Howe">Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Lawson" title="Nigel Lawson">Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Lamont" title="Norman Lamont">Lamont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Clarke" title="Kenneth Clarke">Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alistair_Darling" title="Alistair Darling">Darling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Osborne" title="George Osborne">Osborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Hammond" title="Philip Hammond">Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajid_Javid" title="Sajid Javid">Javid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Sunak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadhim_Zahawi" title="Nadhim Zahawi">Zahawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwasi_Kwarteng" title="Kwasi Kwarteng">Kwarteng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hunt" title="Jeremy Hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Reeves" title="Rachel Reeves">Reeves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italic:</i> Interim Chancellor of the Exchequer, as <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chief_Justice_of_England_and_Wales" title="Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales">Lord Chief Justice</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Foreign_secretaries_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_Secretary" title="Template:Foreign Secretary"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_Secretary" title="Template talk:Foreign Secretary"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_Secretary" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign Secretary"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Foreign_secretaries_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Secretary" title="Foreign Secretary">Foreign secretaries of the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Fox" title="Charles James Fox">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Robinson,_2nd_Baron_Grantham" title="Thomas Robinson, 2nd Baron Grantham">Grantham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Fox" title="Charles James Fox">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Nugent-Temple-Grenville,_1st_Marquess_of_Buckingham" title="George Nugent-Temple-Grenville, 1st Marquess of Buckingham">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Osborne,_5th_Duke_of_Leeds" title="Francis Osborne, 5th Duke of Leeds">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Grenville,_1st_Baron_Grenville" title="William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville">Grenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenkinson,_2nd_Earl_of_Liverpool" title="Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool">Hawkesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Ryder,_1st_Earl_of_Harrowby" title="Dudley Ryder, 1st Earl of Harrowby">Harrowby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Phipps,_1st_Earl_of_Mulgrave" title="Henry Phipps, 1st Earl of Mulgrave">Mulgrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Fox" title="Charles James Fox">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grey,_2nd_Earl_Grey" title="Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey">Howick</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bathurst,_3rd_Earl_Bathurst" title="Henry Bathurst, 3rd Earl Bathurst">Bathurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wellesley,_1st_Marquess_Wellesley" title="Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley">Wellesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stewart,_Viscount_Castlereagh" title="Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh">Castlereagh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ward,_1st_Earl_of_Dudley" title="John Ward, 1st Earl of Dudley">Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hamilton-Gordon,_4th_Earl_of_Aberdeen" title="George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Palmerston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Palmerston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hamilton-Gordon,_4th_Earl_of_Aberdeen" title="George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Palmerston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_2nd_Earl_Granville" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville">Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Harris,_3rd_Earl_of_Malmesbury" title="James Harris, 3rd Earl of Malmesbury">Malmesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Villiers,_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon" title="George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon">Clarendon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Harris,_3rd_Earl_of_Malmesbury" title="James Harris, 3rd Earl of Malmesbury">Malmesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Villiers,_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon" title="George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon">Clarendon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Stanley,_15th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby">Stanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Villiers,_4th_Earl_of_Clarendon" title="George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon">Clarendon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_2nd_Earl_Granville" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville">Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Stanley,_15th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_2nd_Earl_Granville" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville">Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery">Rosebery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Northcote,_1st_Earl_of_Iddesleigh" title="Stafford Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh">Iddesleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery">Rosebery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wodehouse,_1st_Earl_of_Kimberley" title="John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley">Kimberley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_5th_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne">Lansdowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Grey,_1st_Viscount_Grey_of_Fallodon" title="Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon">Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Balfour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston" title="George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston">Curzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Isaacs,_1st_Marquess_of_Reading" title="Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Simon,_1st_Viscount_Simon" title="John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hoare,_1st_Viscount_Templewood" title="Samuel Hoare, 1st Viscount Templewood">Hoare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wood,_1st_Earl_of_Halifax" title="Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax">Halifax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Bevin" title="Ernest Bevin">Bevin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Morrison" title="Herbert Morrison">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Macmillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selwyn_Lloyd" title="Selwyn Lloyd">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Douglas-Home" title="Alec Douglas-Home">Douglas-Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rab_Butler" title="Rab Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Gordon_Walker" title="Patrick Gordon Walker">Gordon Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stewart,_Baron_Stewart_of_Fulham" title="Michael Stewart, Baron Stewart of Fulham">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Brown,_Baron_George-Brown" title="George Brown, Baron George-Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stewart,_Baron_Stewart_of_Fulham" title="Michael Stewart, Baron Stewart of Fulham">Stewart</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2022,_lesser_arms).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="1366" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretary of State for Foreign<br />and Commonwealth Affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stewart,_Baron_Stewart_of_Fulham" title="Michael Stewart, Baron Stewart of Fulham">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Douglas-Home" title="Alec Douglas-Home">Douglas-Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Crosland" title="Anthony Crosland">Crosland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Owen" title="David Owen">Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Carington,_6th_Baron_Carrington" title="Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington">Carrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Pym" title="Francis Pym">Pym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Howe" title="Geoffrey Howe">Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hurd" title="Douglas Hurd">Hurd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Rifkind" title="Malcolm Rifkind">Rifkind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Cook" title="Robin Cook">Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Straw" title="Jack Straw">Straw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beckett" title="Margaret Beckett">Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Miliband" title="David Miliband">Miliband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hague" title="William Hague">Hague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Hammond" title="Philip Hammond">Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hunt" title="Jeremy Hunt">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Raab" title="Dominic Raab">Raab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretary of State for Foreign,<br />Commonwealth and Development Affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Raab" title="Dominic Raab">Raab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liz_Truss" title="Liz Truss">Truss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cleverly" title="James Cleverly">Cleverly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lammy" title="David Lammy">Lammy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:British_Secretaries_of_State" title="Category:British Secretaries of State">Category:British Secretaries of State</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">Portal:United Kingdom</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_the_House_of_Commons" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Template:Leader of the House of Commons"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Template talk:Leader of the House of Commons"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Leader of the House of Commons"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_the_House_of_Commons" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Leader of the House of Commons">Leaders of the House of Commons</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Walpole" title="Robert Walpole">Walpole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Sandys,_1st_Baron_Sandys" title="Samuel Sandys, 1st Baron Sandys">Sandys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Pelham" title="Henry Pelham">Pelham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Robinson,_1st_Baron_Grantham" title="Thomas Robinson, 1st Baron Grantham">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fox,_1st_Baron_Holland" title="Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland">H. Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt,_1st_Earl_of_Chatham" title="William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham">Pitt the Elder</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1757_caretaker_ministry" title="1757 caretaker ministry">Vacant (caretaker ministry)</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt,_1st_Earl_of_Chatham" title="William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham">Pitt the Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Grenville" title="George Grenville">Grenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fox,_1st_Baron_Holland" title="Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland">H. Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Grenville" title="George Grenville">Grenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Seymour_Conway" title="Henry Seymour Conway">Conway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_North,_Lord_North" title="Frederick North, Lord North">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Fox" title="Charles James Fox">C. Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Townshend,_1st_Viscount_Sydney" title="Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney">Townshend</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Fox" title="Charles James Fox">C. Fox</a>/<a href="/wiki/Frederick_North,_Lord_North" title="Frederick North, Lord North">North</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt the Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Addington" title="Henry Addington">Addington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt the Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Fox" title="Charles James Fox">C. Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grey,_2nd_Earl_Grey" title="Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey">Howick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Perceval" title="Spencer Perceval">Perceval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stewart,_Viscount_Castlereagh" title="Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh">Castlereagh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Huskisson" title="William Huskisson">Huskisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Spencer,_3rd_Earl_Spencer" title="John Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer">Althorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Palmerston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Palmerston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Northcote,_1st_Earl_of_Iddesleigh" title="Stafford Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh">Northcote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hicks_Beach,_1st_Earl_St_Aldwyn" title="Michael Hicks Beach, 1st Earl St Aldwyn">Hicks-Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Randolph_Churchill" title="Lord Randolph Churchill">R. Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Smith_(1825%E2%80%931891)" title="William Henry Smith (1825–1891)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Balfour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harcourt_(politician)" title="William Harcourt (politician)">Harcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Balfour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Campbell-Bannerman" title="Henry Campbell-Bannerman">Campbell-Bannerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">Asquith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonar_Law" title="Bonar Law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">A. Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonar_Law" title="Bonar Law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">N. Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">W. Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Cripps" title="Stafford Cripps">Cripps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Morrison" title="Herbert Morrison">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Chuter_Ede" title="James Chuter Ede">Chuter Ede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Crookshank" title="Harry Crookshank">Crookshank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rab_Butler" title="Rab Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Macleod" title="Iain Macleod">Macleod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selwyn_Lloyd" title="Selwyn Lloyd">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Bowden,_Baron_Aylestone" title="Herbert Bowden, Baron Aylestone">Bowden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Crossman" title="Richard Crossman">Crossman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Peart,_Baron_Peart" title="Fred Peart, Baron Peart">Peart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Whitelaw" title="William Whitelaw">Whitelaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Carr" title="Robert Carr">Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Prior" title="Jim Prior">Prior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Short,_Baron_Glenamara" title="Edward Short, Baron Glenamara">Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_St_John-Stevas" title="Norman St John-Stevas">St John-Stevas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Pym" title="Francis Pym">Pym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Biffen" title="John Biffen">Biffen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wakeham" title="John Wakeham">Wakeham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Howe" title="Geoffrey Howe">Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_MacGregor,_Baron_MacGregor_of_Pulham_Market" title="John MacGregor, Baron MacGregor of Pulham Market">MacGregor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Newton,_Baron_Newton_of_Braintree" title="Tony Newton, Baron Newton of Braintree">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Taylor,_Baroness_Taylor_of_Bolton" title="Ann Taylor, Baroness Taylor of Bolton">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beckett" title="Margaret Beckett">Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Cook" title="Robin Cook">Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reid,_Baron_Reid_of_Cardowan" title="John Reid, Baron Reid of Cardowan">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Hain" title="Peter Hain">Hain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoff_Hoon" title="Geoff Hoon">Hoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Straw" title="Jack Straw">Straw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Young,_Baron_Young_of_Cookham" title="George Young, Baron Young of Cookham">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lansley" title="Andrew Lansley">Lansley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hague" title="William Hague">Hague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Grayling" title="Chris Grayling">Grayling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lidington" title="David Lidington">Lidington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Leadsom" title="Andrea Leadsom">Leadsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Stride" title="Mel Stride">Stride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Rees-Mogg" title="Jacob Rees-Mogg">Rees-Mogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Spencer_(British_politician)" title="Mark Spencer (British politician)">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Mordaunt" title="Penny Mordaunt">Mordaunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Powell" title="Lucy Powell">Powell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219731#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219731#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219731#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121193890">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/7443935">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/17610/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfCqfV97yKwxGXg3ThPwC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118668234">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50051947">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12233717s">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12233717s">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35025639">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1247806">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068387180">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90209837">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=168261">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000058464">Argentina</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/gdsvvr105htzn60">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810554293105606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/14044">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007259486505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA05673993?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/799318">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118668234.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118668234">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/031042716">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6c82vx6">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&oldid=1259540005">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&oldid=1259540005</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:George_Canning" title="Category:George Canning">George Canning</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1770_births" title="Category:1770 births">1770 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1827_deaths" title="Category:1827 deaths">1827 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:18th-century_Anglo-Irish_people" title="Category:18th-century Anglo-Irish people">18th-century Anglo-Irish people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_Anglo-Irish_people" title="Category:19th-century Anglo-Irish people">19th-century Anglo-Irish people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:18th-century_British_lawyers" title="Category:18th-century British lawyers">18th-century British lawyers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:19th-century prime ministers of the United Kingdom">19th-century prime ministers of the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_deaths_from_tuberculosis" title="Category:19th-century deaths from tuberculosis">19th-century deaths from tuberculosis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alumni_of_Christ_Church,_Oxford" title="Category:Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford">Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ambassadors_of_the_United_Kingdom_to_Portugal" title="Category:Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Portugal">Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Portugal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_duellists" title="Category:British duellists">British duellists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_MPs_1790%E2%80%931796" title="Category:British MPs 1790–1796">British MPs 1790–1796</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_MPs_1796%E2%80%931800" title="Category:British MPs 1796–1800">British MPs 1796–1800</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_MPs_who_died_in_office" title="Category:British MPs who died in office">British MPs who died in office</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_people_of_Irish_descent" title="Category:British people of Irish descent">British people of Irish descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_philhellenes" title="Category:British philhellenes">British philhellenes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_Secretaries_of_State_for_Foreign_Affairs" title="Category:British Secretaries of State for Foreign Affairs">British Secretaries of State for Foreign Affairs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Burials_at_Westminster_Abbey" title="Category:Burials at Westminster Abbey">Burials at Westminster Abbey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chancellors_of_the_Exchequer_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Chancellors of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom">Chancellors of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Category:Fellows of the Royal Society">Fellows of the Royal Society</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Freemasons_of_the_Premier_Grand_Lodge_of_England" title="Category:Freemasons of the Premier Grand Lodge of England">Freemasons of the Premier Grand Lodge of England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Leaders_of_the_House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Leaders of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom">Leaders of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_Parliament_for_the_Isle_of_Wight" title="Category:Members of Parliament for the Isle of Wight">Members of Parliament for the Isle of Wight</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom_for_County_Kerry_constituencies_(1801%E2%80%931922)" title="Category:Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Kerry constituencies (1801–1922)">Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Kerry constituencies (1801–1922)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom_for_English_constituencies" title="Category:Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies">Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Privy_Council_of_Great_Britain" title="Category:Members of the Privy Council of Great Britain">Members of the Privy Council of Great Britain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Paymasters_of_the_Forces" title="Category:Paymasters of the Forces">Paymasters of the Forces</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_educated_at_Eton_College" title="Category:People educated at Eton College">People educated at Eton College</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Bracknell" title="Category:People from Bracknell">People from Bracknell</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Marylebone" title="Category:People from Marylebone">People from Marylebone</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politicians_from_the_City_of_Westminster" title="Category:Politicians from the City of Westminster">Politicians from the City of Westminster</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tory_MPs_(pre-1834)" title="Category:Tory MPs (pre-1834)">Tory MPs (pre-1834)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tory_prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Tory prime ministers of the United Kingdom">Tory prime ministers of the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:UK_MPs_1801%E2%80%931802" title="Category:UK MPs 1801–1802">UK MPs 1801–1802</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:UK_MPs_1802%E2%80%931806" title="Category:UK MPs 1802–1806">UK MPs 1802–1806</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:UK_MPs_1806%E2%80%931807" title="Category:UK MPs 1806–1807">UK MPs 1806–1807</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:UK_MPs_1807%E2%80%931812" title="Category:UK MPs 1807–1812">UK MPs 1807–1812</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:UK_MPs_1812%E2%80%931818" title="Category:UK MPs 1812–1818">UK MPs 1812–1818</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:UK_MPs_1818%E2%80%931820" title="Category:UK MPs 1818–1820">UK MPs 1818–1820</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:UK_MPs_1820%E2%80%931826" title="Category:UK MPs 1820–1826">UK MPs 1820–1826</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:UK_MPs_1826%E2%80%931830" title="Category:UK MPs 1826–1830">UK MPs 1826–1830</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Presidents_of_the_Board_of_Control" title="Category:Presidents of the Board of Control">Presidents of the Board of Control</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deaths_from_pneumonia_in_England" title="Category:Deaths from pneumonia in England">Deaths from pneumonia in England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canning_family_(political)" title="Category:Canning family (political)">Canning family (political)</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_ODNB" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:EngvarB_from_March_2014" title="Category:EngvarB from March 2014">EngvarB from March 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_March_2014" title="Category:Use dmy dates from March 2014">Use dmy dates from March 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_March_2010" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2010">Articles with unsourced statements from March 2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Project_Gutenberg_links" title="Category:Articles with Project Gutenberg links">Articles with Project Gutenberg links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Internet_Archive_links" title="Category:Articles with Internet Archive links">Articles with Internet Archive links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_LibriVox_links" title="Category:Articles with LibriVox links">Articles with LibriVox links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 November 2024, at 18:50<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Canning&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6df7948d6c-ggsjl","wgBackendResponseTime":221,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.050","walltime":"2.417","ppvisitednodes":{"value":35091,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":362495,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":114660,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":15,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":180999,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2054.950 1 -total"," 24.04% 493.961 1 Template:Infobox_officeholder"," 12.22% 251.174 23 Template:Infobox_officeholder/office"," 11.55% 237.384 1 Template:Conservatism_sidebar"," 11.42% 234.691 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 11.03% 226.734 74 Template:Main_other"," 10.70% 219.963 1 Template:Reflist"," 9.81% 201.671 1 Template:Infobox_incumbency"," 9.63% 197.982 1 Template:Infobox"," 7.04% 144.673 19 Template:S-aft"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.037","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":23648696,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","520","38.2"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","200","14.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","180","13.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","140","10.3"],["type","40","2.9"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","40","2.9"],["_makelinks \u003CModule:Authority_control:106\u003E","40","2.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","40","2.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntity","20","1.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntityId","20","1.5"],["[others]","120","8.8"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-5f67bcf949-wh22l","timestamp":"20241127071042","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"George Canning","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_Canning","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q219731","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q219731","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-03-16T11:37:25Z","dateModified":"2024-11-25T18:50:47Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f0\/George_Canning%2C_Prime_Minister_of_The_United_Kingdom.jpg","headline":"British Prime Minister, statesman, and politician (1770-1827)"}</script> </body> </html>