AIP-127: HTTP and gRPC Transcoding

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class="nav-item"> <a href="/234"> <span class="aip-number">234</span> Batch methods: Update </a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/235"> <span class="aip-number">235</span> Batch methods: Delete </a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/236"> <span class="aip-number">236</span> Policy preview </a> </li> </ul> </nav> <section id="jump-content"> <aside id="aip-sidebar" class="docs-component-sidebar"> <table id="aip-summary"> <tr><th colspan="2">HTTP and gRPC Transcoding</th></tr> <tr><td>Number</td><td>127</td></tr> <tr><td>Permalink</td><td><a href="https://google.aip.dev/127">google.aip.dev/127</a></td></tr> <tr><td>State</td><td>Approved</td></tr> <tr><td>Created</td><td>2019-08-22</td></tr> <tr><td>Updated</td><td>2019-08-22</td></tr> </table> <section id="aip-toc" class="docs-component-sidebar-toc"> <div class="toc"><span class="toctitle">Contents</span><ul> <li><a href="#guidance">Guidance</a><ul> <li><a href="#http-method-and-path">HTTP method and path</a></li> <li><a href="#multiple-uri-bindings">Multiple URI bindings</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#changelog">Changelog</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <section class="docs-component-sidebar-actions"> <ul> <li><a href="https://github.com/aip-dev/google.aip.dev/issues/">File Bug</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/aip-dev/google.aip.dev/blob/master/aip/general/0127.md">View source</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/aip-dev/google.aip.dev/edit/master/aip/general/0127.md">Edit this page</a></li> </ul> </section> </aside> <section id="aip-main" class="docs-component-main"> <section class="section-breadcrumbs"> <nav class="glue-breadcrumbs glue-mod-mt-std glue-mod-mb-std" aria-label="You are here." > <ol class="glue-breadcrumbs__list aip-breadcrumbs"> <li class="glue-breadcrumbs__item" aria-level="1"> <a class="glue-breadcrumbs__link" href="/"> API Improvement Proposals </a> </li> <li class="glue-breadcrumbs__item" aria-level="2"> <a class="glue-breadcrumbs__link" href="/general"> General AIPs </a> </li> <li class="glue-breadcrumbs__item glue-breadcrumbs__item--active" aria-level="3"> HTTP and gRPC Transcoding </li> </ol> </nav> </section> <h4 class="aip-number">AIP-127</h4> <h1 id="http-and-grpc-transcoding">HTTP and gRPC Transcoding</h1> <p>APIs that follow <a href="/121">resource-oriented design</a> are defined using <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_procedure_call">RPCs</a>, but the resource-oriented design framework allows them to also be presented as APIs that largely follow REST/JSON conventions. This is important in order to help developers use their existing knowledge: over 80% of the public APIs available follow most REST conventions, and developers are accustomed to that pattern.</p> <h2 id="guidance">Guidance</h2> <p>APIs <strong>must</strong> provide HTTP definitions for each RPC that they define, except for bi-directional streaming RPCs, which can not be natively supported using HTTP/1.1. When providing a bi-directional streaming method, an API <strong>should</strong> also offer an alternative method that does not rely on bi-directional streaming.</p> <h3 id="http-method-and-path">HTTP method and path</h3> <p>When using protocol buffers, each RPC <strong>must</strong> define the HTTP method and path using the <code>google.api.http</code> annotation:</p> <div class="highlight language-proto"><pre><span></span><code><span class="k">rpc</span> <span class="n">CreateBook</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">CreateBookRequest</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">returns</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Book</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="k">option</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">google.api.http</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="n">post</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s">"/v1/{parent=publishers/*}/books"</span> <span class="n">body</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s">"book"</span> <span class="p">};</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="kd">message</span> <span class="nc">CreateBookRequest</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="c1">// The publisher who will publish this book.</span> <span class="c1">// When using HTTP/JSON, this field is automatically populated based</span> <span class="c1">// on the URI, because of the `{parent=publishers/*}` syntax.</span> <span class="kt">string</span> <span class="na">parent</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">google.api.field_behavior</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">REQUIRED</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">google.api.resource_reference</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="n">child_type</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s">"library.googleapis.com/Book"</span> <span class="p">}];</span> <span class="c1">// The book to create.</span> <span class="c1">// When using HTTP/JSON, this field is populated based on the HTTP body,</span> <span class="c1">// because of the `body: "book"` syntax.</span> <span class="n">Book</span> <span class="na">book</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="p">[(</span><span class="n">google.api.field_behavior</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">REQUIRED</span><span class="p">];</span> <span class="c1">// The user-specified ID for the book.</span> <span class="c1">// When using HTTP/JSON, this field is populated based on a query string</span> <span class="c1">// argument, such as `?bookId=foo`. This is the fallback for fields that</span> <span class="c1">// are not included in either the URI or the body.</span> <span class="c1">// Note that clients use camelCase format to communicate the field names</span> <span class="c1">// to the service.</span> <span class="kt">string</span> <span class="na">book_id</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="p">}</span> </code></pre></div> <ul> <li>The first key (<code>post</code> in this example) corresponds to the HTTP method. RPCs <strong>may</strong> use <code>get</code>, <code>post</code>, <code>patch</code>, or <code>delete</code>.<ul> <li>RPCs <strong>must</strong> use the prescribed HTTP verb for each standard method, as discussed in <a href="/131">AIP-131</a>, <a href="/132">AIP-132</a>, <a href="/133">AIP-133</a>, <a href="/134">AIP-134</a>, and <a href="/135">AIP-135</a></li> <li>RPCs <strong>should</strong> use the prescribed HTTP verb for custom methods, as discussed in <a href="/136">AIP-136</a>.</li> <li>RPCs <strong>should not</strong> use <code>put</code> or <code>custom</code>.</li> </ul> </li> <li>The corresponding value represents the URI.<ul> <li>URIs <strong>must</strong> use the <code>{foo=bar/*}</code> syntax to represent a variable that should be populated in the request proto. When extracting a <a href="/122">resource name</a>, the variable <strong>must</strong> include the entire resource name, not just the ID component.</li> <li>URIs <strong>may</strong> use nested fields for their variable names. (Additionally, <a href="/134">AIP-134</a> mandates this for <code>Update</code> requests.)</li> <li>URIs <strong>must</strong> use the <code>*</code> character to represent ID components, which matches all URI-safe characters except for <code>/</code>. URIs <strong>may</strong> use <code>**</code> as the final segment of a URI if matching <code>/</code> is required.</li> </ul> </li> <li>The <code>body</code> key defines which single top-level field in the request will be sent as the HTTP body. If the body is <code>*</code>, then this indicates that the request object itself is the HTTP body. The request body is encoded as JSON as defined by protocol buffers' canonical <a href="https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/proto3#json">JSON encoding</a>.<ul> <li>RPCs <strong>must not</strong> define a <code>body</code> at all for RPCs that use the <code>GET</code> or <code>DELETE</code> HTTP verbs.</li> <li>RPCs <strong>must</strong> use the prescribed <code>body</code> for Create (<a href="/133">AIP-133</a>) and Update (<a href="/134">AIP-134</a>) requests.</li> <li>RPCs <strong>should</strong> use the prescribed <code>body</code> for custom methods (<a href="/136">AIP-136</a>).</li> <li>The <code>body</code> <strong>must not</strong> contain a nested field (or use the <code>.</code> character),</li> <li>The <code>body</code> <strong>must not</strong> be the same as a URI parameter.</li> <li>The <code>body</code> <strong>must not</strong> be a <code>repeated</code> field.</li> <li>Fields <strong>should not</strong> use the <code>json_name</code> annotation to alter the field name in JSON, unless doing so for backwards-compatibility reasons.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Note:</strong> Bi-directional streaming RPCs should not include a <code>google.api.http</code> annotation at all. If feasible, the service <strong>should</strong> provide non-streaming equivalent RPCs.</p> <h3 id="multiple-uri-bindings">Multiple URI bindings</h3> <p>Occasionally, an RPC needs to correspond to more than one URI:</p> <div class="highlight language-proto"><pre><span></span><code><span class="k">rpc</span> <span class="n">CreateBook</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">CreateBookRequest</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">returns</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Book</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="k">option</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">google.api.http</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="n">post</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s">"/v1/{parent=publishers/*}/books"</span> <span class="n">body</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s">"book"</span> <span class="n">additional_bindings</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="n">post</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s">"/v1/{parent=authors/*}/books"</span> <span class="n">body</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s">"book"</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="n">additional_bindings</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="n">post</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s">"/v1/books"</span> <span class="n">body</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s">"book"</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="p">};</span> <span class="p">}</span> </code></pre></div> <ul> <li>RPCs <strong>may</strong> define any number of additional bindings. The structure is identical to the <code>google.api.http</code> annotation (in fact, it is a recursive reference).</li> <li>RPCs <strong>must not</strong> define an additional binding within an additional binding.</li> <li>The <code>body</code> clause <strong>must</strong> be identical in the top-level annotation and each additional binding.</li> </ul> <h2 id="changelog">Changelog</h2> <ul> <li><strong>2022-08-18</strong>: Added the comment that query string parameter names are in camelCase.</li> <li><strong>2021-01-06</strong>: Added clarification around <code>body</code> and nested fields.</li> <li><strong>2019-09-23</strong>: Added a statement about request body encoding, and guidance discouraging <code>json_name</code>.</li> </ul>   <footer> Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License</a>, and code samples are licensed under the <a href="https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache 2.0 License</a>. <span class="no-print">For details, see <a href="/licensing">content licensing</a>.</span> </footer> </section> </section> </main> </div> <script src="//www.gstatic.com/external_hosted/hammerjs/v2_0_2/hammer.min.js"></script> <script src="//www.gstatic.com/glue/v22_1/glue-vanilla.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> const headerElement = document.querySelector('.glue-header'); if (headerElement) { new window.glue.ui.header.Header(headerElement); } </script> </body> </html>

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AIP-127: HTTP and gRPC Transcoding