CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913418683fe1fe0b',cH: 'STVVEMtGGFO8TniBQ.VqnQyBrkSoDOyGEsLFpubDS18-1739777670-1.2.1.1-oTz3_U.ORkFGjUMktB4538GjMRS.Y4qOkxIdYpWYyz1eLI0a_GLtIp4tkOW7oX.Y',cUPMDTk: "\/10013671\/relationship-between-gully-development-and-characteristics-of-drainage-area-in-semi-arid-region-nw-iran?__cf_chl_tk=WQ2O2fpocdfmDOjBYEljgSJNkcMuS4v0HjbpslgyEyM-1739777670-1.0.1.1-VYIQsooKGDQqItWSGFwVizwSqDhl1PfyuzuMFQzSQnY",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739777670',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10013671\/relationship-between-gully-development-and-characteristics-of-drainage-area-in-semi-arid-region-nw-iran?__cf_chl_f_tk=WQ2O2fpocdfmDOjBYEljgSJNkcMuS4v0HjbpslgyEyM-1739777670-1.0.1.1-VYIQsooKGDQqItWSGFwVizwSqDhl1PfyuzuMFQzSQnY",md: "f2_btjl1XMMiTOTQALrvaBgH9utdrfUIFaQ2XI9qTDM-1739777670-1.2.1.1-cgLFHWHs.VLOfvWcLAiQxvMIR9Q9fhpe73UTf7grKKdxtS0e0.neBoOTGjwXJAU6a.Rxq_3YucRKBOKk2jLnL2x9GRDIxBNddXxbIamug3Jl1VdOC1LFXdTmrsH.PBtZwkWrNQ0t6xiGyftBpjJpj0GOIJztbiFNjhR7IRMdtwLuL90nyMjAjvvTXF5mX4nIoPgJHTCE4Wt9jibCaghGW7JqWykfUL3q2BwCdwNXRBfkC3ScZ70OrBn3EF9YTqxk5zap6wLNSbr6bMBNzFTj_Uh0zygx18CY8dhlWmTwAPwX_LONeS1VyiOoOikEmK7NHcRU0vzPxEf.P.02SN6yFkkVm1LVXgYwU2Gzt8poHoax1IwgZ0wXcM.KV2.pFhpev21d5qJJtA773jzIDSCo8u_IFWvLco9EMs0rNZWZYoyb7qDthJ1jC2JRFDybQ_2vX1A._IZeJKBsMi8XRMotrO_xRRIQw8WblfOMFDVLmLW8atTmmT_9B6iMSER4ewrzhzX_kJffVTtfx7_r3phRBkYaxZrkELc4Ayvs3HHHVneRJtVikeDebbDAJGhawtALHL19HDC3uJilmISTzL0EUOCjgeMNcaRNCpwyJkRiVs_1D3rrrdu0Kro7iH8ymDSC_ZtwygDLOH93ZX3x6wnz2Llzfk9AKrelUrEheC8cQrx6gdBRT5quw8cSSiOnNxkeA4cHVnlKKfSA2qIt2_paBHQFX2_1cLjclOEHksEipJD3drsw_djGHifkCEbaMUcOWG0m6zonoimTrKPFjWZ2_UHegyNtrGXtFMZ2Fj006FCcCuW1PIeKCRD__X_qRZ79cPVzwwtJa66XlP1q2N40OCzH7LbE_QpxKo97jpSOq6imXfcqbAgRSGa5FK9MmyOwxpBMmbnTIYbjfSQ3rwfjGnxIdFhzxsoELx__3kqm_KWIMchzRtd_RPOK8v8wIfzZrdFKkJ._p5iNTHrIUYO2v_08xW.Bc5OXPhIqRghYfQEh47OHJuqMbptAqevx6gFYlEQYQtCR3WuyjzVETdj7Ikmz6DefPQ27OwoACIyRKXX9ZnYf5zrSW2RxsUQzZlXCF3Z0O79yGQdZeRFILJdQNY9iaBCxGAwSDlOv2Ev7VbdmWvPxbjF4SNRRCndwd5yjAs8aA..vPWjRDyo8v0SNHCViA9igH0y.AJ6hnI6H0N7CP6XRuoGKGagRc9Df3m6Ld6PUnUz4R8lxjNQCt12PvgJR_Pt7oVcXLJK67Nqhnhdb_q7FOX9gHluFHOdixCKl.eQrW_Wx36ctL6vU9KfshwRh5RRdXhHBsXrstneYwQgsjqgFnRuosYQP8eA7wgOiqWPLwjkeTtRrJzFy3AcXZIZUPIyMzpnfpDtD25foCjSvw7DnzdOmV2aJHPsc6jPuhoMDbbSyKRHN65Rcy6alBUUIAsK5jE4tHGF.ZlSnsua9crC9OU.SKjTnbPGFeY_q66GpIug4MXlu7Lgq4n6uCG7dZttoFTAPX5e8H1kRn5OH.vLRsRo39gRSw9BI1lADWnxr6Z3UFugV.LEX7d714IrzMKPpfxqk7F6HoNJ9YeDCozcRdhrocUHB59NTff7b9Ye3yv2deUie3za6SxMHBf5WJEJh.zbzeAWi4VZd82IfRgs6TWf668tIFhv._WiFGzB1e3kyMV.clGRa2e9W8AuNYFh_hxNjs5o4i9uHRJ7OMMv0ZRTsKPJ5BWN_OjXsWp68iJGOyjVQYWmo4QTx_XRjSm7GIvPUvAdI0FyO82G_FKq3cnt2Uur_n_Vhq5S.4pbOxD3dKAVRaRa5a2MhlpyZc8THl4ttpJY2NoZuGv.fS5B_HzAvCjTf1tioUMo8DcfGcLqH08AhFP.ePid.B5Z.eIKct8jWYm3nB3OJqkmUhxcWEQJ93PgdddpsYqUnhvCy0ZI9yfPsuKey5W1ma1z44zDZObNKQm7TIJyEGXxLlPHWt5u2QlIbmvKsCI6oRgv_Gw_Mc6ayLTmigDGP6eu970ux.QosHt3ieokttXWDd6bxLsaIx1Nz2HQ7ZoU_DCjzNnZnDVSfg3Ti4KolX_YhY6CrdahjQRUmEBRlXN7fq2B4rfslqPSPp8uFV3NBTzgd9bBj8L3w3052kuknxh11csR4hNmMlyt.D7VYon58TmR8yrozr1cl9MNzDG6L",mdrd: "K8kb2iN9hFsdqTMjeKwZeIniAjuxxWSaYT_5E_SB8vc-1739777670-1.2.1.1-brD4G.hba.YUdEul2SsGAiX5kDAnugR0eu1jRnO1jjY1B4EpfYdhhswQIP2yEKAX74jt5LnVWVDuiA9Fh7i1buOYxR4OImJ0X8VMZBJpwMet44QCgyswYJBxl02Y5aaIWFS4djxmZ3pl6V3wRqRTlM1FKrJwB26F4gvmifKrf6jIlwRtkh.PF8Qhwvq9CcP5D8A9WHU2gck3QNLz5X8VFfrNsxe5LWKEHUmAXKTLPb24IAUUXlkHyCmxyZZXwxmuf7jXElz7Z1bCXGkg7iXZMTHx9iMEHG6thwaR0KMbR7GtwPr20Gh9CVke9Qe4ijDq8wzjDVrp21JW3JcSXok9ga6mw9GTPhdHPxCCtO9vyv401BKNLvrxLjNtH0L.uHtMNZuAWdUMGohIlPw6TM3SC56pNHC.IIkFs1OHOJPLAhDcJ2RqagVCxectYXEVHFbh7ICXkI3ayJxKDDSIvdo1P2LmC8zYu2yP90cT7dJ.17tBM0pgAl._f95pByqYfucu3o2oM2wW8LXfjvCmw5CQMCYu2O2l3zZh5OyNyvIMobJugFUG1JchTds0nO6vec85pvLBPpy0oOQbu6FKroCOuLVgRAm7B6Yq6n740EHXnM5jNyDgk1jZEiWvQXORK_lnD2OMDVUHkFgXEeZXnE5xcTqaF3s2RhFUFwJLhlq9w._mT4vE0SdfmISJkv89reDy.dpPEkVR0gqzXfkI6bRxFLKsnbhEccUwlW3cr5PNJr41ZSHBHGaF8vdWR4n4oPU.u87H9a_gQnLdDWhCwGqmIPaOAAM45Ma42NxfyYwKuqmMzGux47ffremzYWO2WA4qAYLphSOSvoiakDS09Br5.s5V8ttIpy2GjcGSZILRXKdoWNb2S2zl.L_YdkCvmYE9C3QJNuEt8VBxwLZ4ZkBgw_8m7rJ3vEjpbQUXHgRggo6q85yBpO5dcSBGKNy0AwerYbhLZoD3QO8fpQWK1WazBf9snVXaDkY9rnQDlhovDDDcNkVViabQJSqdgOsqq7i3u.HL.ZmybGv1aHFCrJScaNvrAx8uJVks0XlacmFDolvrDQ0vmJWRUJJPGOBggZJy_7dF42B7L9sKPv9bKRY.oDcom_xlqIgsqbLRl0Nz0SpXZYCJ.bqL4ypbkgRGCcOhD97wai0.i09tf.wQxJ7rBLxsaxvMslzIT41o3m4SxWvyCJBuE8fX1P8h31fa43om6fGtm6ajCcXoSHZonROTUEFdQ_4vz32xjT4POFA8iB5DnBWora6FyYbdEvcLLE23lzuSg6AMoB.bXGTAXlWzvoWCuodAIum8bhsz.JpJcS2bwIcitmfKlpIOX2pRFJSdwY9Hx1_nqMJZItwgByTVS5OsT6XBPISkMNyeY0CakJHDFI5MvpaRruftD216FPlabNhTAb.zyfaonPdnxp8zZPxXrLJ0fi_hl.c9vs6rUpNahJUC5f22ZjnDTy08wjlxOF5Xkzu.QxYPsbFSVyP2CAoI6V6EA44bdNCKrn6lKIliOUX9zKEICh.mxLiwmq1TvgP3pY4GAxlScpkOd03TTjaU_8TQ2.pHo9Sxbp9hDS82n7eoDhODH6xMInCFm9SUifFJJGx0tgE2qrhwM6TuZTs1rZtXME2HDQgEd18l.4OsNDSveLJprU8RQMeZOaefaAa_OObP3IB1xwwlnhBo7HkLXlujKfCvuTsI_WndkyYeSbLVP8HZYPjgDI417xe3dJ2fasozCNy15QIqt3viRCsISNeVEoJAzn1XCVHkkgjP79x9Vdf7rFvGf9ZxZQg3CzsAnffKetItlUyZk6A5sgyVyLkrZTAZ0VGwg1CH2Be7IHqZCCBFjQnwZmW6BKTVxmizOazzHm_OltraOSJmO5P1ymmrvKSmB8zNckEEbVtv7mnnpGTp.bsPfvNRl0HUZR4ly4WjAO7PfvjnfQCHekJHvjfY8iPahLerSoNvXgu6V.8iC6xsMcVsWWvPyZdxi7PVdxhNUGYmv96I8a3Z.w"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913418683fe1fe0b';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10013671\/relationship-between-gully-development-and-characteristics-of-drainage-area-in-semi-arid-region-nw-iran?__cf_chl_rt_tk=WQ2O2fpocdfmDOjBYEljgSJNkcMuS4v0HjbpslgyEyM-1739777670-1.0.1.1-VYIQsooKGDQqItWSGFwVizwSqDhl1PfyuzuMFQzSQnY" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>