CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91352cd24c3a6002',cH: 'LSqDGiayZFtfnmDGM0lKyFlpbo7YYYC6Oda9EZS7o2E-1739788992-1.2.1.1-7avbrChTGoH9ON9kkF28PRV.RQm461WLtmbDN3MS6W_MPeGEVuF3oU3aZY05rXns',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=business%20model%20design&__cf_chl_tk=cjq.BnCO42OSl0ZnPKywUsLn.hLMAQfViQPgmujfiiU-1739788992-1.0.1.1-0_tFitH9Cfswd4WMkdDcqeaJ.MPr3pZlmrjQTUBYcS8",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739788992',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=business%20model%20design&__cf_chl_f_tk=cjq.BnCO42OSl0ZnPKywUsLn.hLMAQfViQPgmujfiiU-1739788992-1.0.1.1-0_tFitH9Cfswd4WMkdDcqeaJ.MPr3pZlmrjQTUBYcS8",md: "pzAVJ5.h1D5H79rC5GnNKA8Yx3sWCfbu3vxNkbxBrRY-1739788992-1.2.1.1-fxqifW6XrlsZfPhh08w3o0NpTzSqkvzJquJKgBMrE.L4hPGJC5FbB5wX2WoAT8v3beDO.GoKwO3Ea.C8mpPE4vb1ZfmhLQiiCoshenBzXRdJOx3VgOGI_GfPr3hmu6kvth5tAYC6NRYKXTf9WzREuZKcmgyWWkjTReeKRascWdoCGH9OpPk_OEqGMXO6lH7gCRd_iyzxlJhrJJ5rYO58mOKgi9EWGRRTAXLfhgNB0Z3zCX2j0KgZtpSRgR7D9HNX6WqQNNkp.4_OmRh8mb49w4oPRwR3kv6TE2ZfYUCU7PsqN1lkzsogJaVwugEh7lK6iwyuMoT2xclF4o_mJPgiQTKSBXA48k0O8ynCEdW18m1.nukTfUCLrnkiguR2hIWHEUzwJ2r1mZbdSO3pGaHyQHU69J78Mn2fxVZ.zK5C6sMC0slD1KVoj7ZzorE8RPvrBLMqN_xNCKUJ.ViBEoaOnjAs4B_TBVv8WJz.4GRGozjUrskLGGLx.LJQWWLssG0dh8Y8bO6p8_UFwd7llSspDRFvTH_p3IHMcPZBGHEqzlD626DIhXy0A2OpmT3mCaP_hTwN1_0f9HCNwtCH_tz6JJn06aicOaBvWJWmernNXdxAZI4K9QkqsvIxjML_el1cd7ttjNdll2Y1SnE.UknLAwkBGwieVC94RN3WA2_xztcmJ_vOq9v5MshBHV16tQQoTGQHJPGAVIo2_W.jQbMJuC4YHSo2F_7aIZEz3pkE_XHmS42ItwZPOdmj1z9E6MwIkObH_T8J5EF8MXXJ079a3vQkYnQmtWaJrH9ILBlrazyeX0qbgdU8HBcMPE8TUqqc0YOKDKf6RUuXocLmgYsBxQR45AjOzWw.WDF4Y9jwtk59sx3yY6XHIbgttypgFc9GXeR7TJtepMmzoKT3gfqcIR0CoANqrsCJGMK9De481pYdmOapznusoaYbojkK_vnQKdOQZV.KeBINLVJUtpguK6D6xl35ITzjiafP4LukWHfNwabBcvNO7aj.utyET1feGT7DhQtyzl.cBjv9aB8xoY7jxaDyGBH5znekRLXzslGTz7EiX19AkL_rI34kjgC8tcpPFfpYZ9WLYjanH2PFhO4v8ZhZRzjHMnvdFURoXK58WGddiyLhSRrvsNhqzsoUjH6pPb20KzY.4VpWludKpDX0dHWsPTPSvRgrQeWbTtWjNREq8U78lO7O08AENKSz16Bl3nXldEyvVSXsP6Sn1p2o3.p8HRXm3.00rpkwsqKhHA.5ulLYsMH6WF0K5NaTKhh3sdhEDPu5U0UfyPaQ_3v_DU2i.4wqaH_6Gb__JEFyC152lGRMg9Dg9rx8crQoWHE_7JuPqa_uUR1.LwteuxN.F.upd8l41Uy37ge4JJUEtNEmwFp3pQdfvxFNXBJhYW2Xb1u_ADsC6c_V5nX_SD_FavkPCqhGCy0B4SvSERObGiGsvPa.xFzeqF2KfvKS8OCUQqbOVY0ypqrysdN3Y7v0jyV0IuRK_IRwG1oaHTwoxTHYzUaUGuUFkn869zjSmUZzY6dnh6OBGZZCbtpJvwmrn6IWp5p2q.yYKMGgrfGE1mVF6RidNpoImONO1D9QYE4RT5kWm_b6bb0t4zL6pVEd3UjvdC198_GMtdKAZbXfjV_zO_pf3tdJumveB5pRH0i9_nGHi9JyiKt8afBlWMsTPVdcsErI79GTsrD3o60lK_OXSfUeEWTirUxXpGo6xiBPR_q4B_Ms64zhRyc4vNYkHGn6dDupWBUJclyH6Tg2RA..LBB6hUdZrORmUUPYG_yelhtYjyMQHQwfAIBFRcjlYEDNiBQWYkwph9G8AW7p7q7fLID_VRdaNbQUc83eECi3lM3ZpWPei5xTdabwDOp1qztn0PbBJSNmq7rJy0COO_g_wwMTkzOW.RMgDeEdWvVbG5VwoRuEmtLeF4zMm7b_clsOgUJ9KD8NPtK9vDoMDLBQEv7nUjqYWKcsu4VZ",mdrd: "LUCTM0qOO1qnsAT6mpyDjhmkuDrts69cKHhon9oxrE8-1739788992-1.2.1.1-zuPjNl6z_f7sRBKTOhiySEVpEUmg.8cY_.66IFJ0NHb8hrWLpn3Sq2Vi4.tF5ZqfUD_8MQdWrqpEbzBuwTGAWYt5Xhl6ydNV1jMcSgw75KbOAYmxEkgVk3HXxWEgttNxP6yYMcFCML8Cjh8YpS6C_Zoljcvl.Wm01vNSg4t0P_HxVroUWfM2hrkM86nNWWBlIpw8Q3t6PGSVUfhaSUL0hpcMPAsjBSqLeIZVXnH.I_6uLkiJXM12BrVY8v.ev6ruPqEwNikK0rMjQfXcUsmHKrfd1kkDa_bsi4E.z1l9jCHkg0vZctDbc8eAzb6gRF1nJRyO19lFaYQFL9rsyB055cuNPkR_JVMWcyput3yzoIsDq5bLRtR1LLvc2bAz8Ojr44mnvp7q3LCpYtvsBLzVnJPecT1bQncLg1GhqB2Yz5HDVDZa8R6spPxa5sWusviUF97heFKqHwKe9s0Xz47IlFv24.JvXXhQVNu.t4jOXvjZ9EN4Vot_Lj.M1ksMq7cmIaI37t3yVbDTnXzwuzc3t1o5aa9u4L1muObMWDM9hjDvkYO3ZjlhE6_DsgRBmnNjI_7Y97QfkV3u_4VgkT80ef7IG3vUYTxJwoy.25tkrj0pEZku5oDAalnVvinCd8m28biVy0eoyke0kxfXSKNDuRum1jf7x8RWUT3zNjUVpqqPO.epJ2bYoJjHNF6jrp4fNFUZBNfjZ_pHoc4Ikg7i.m5ywLw.qsmtBUA3DWnejyzVS1FU_owMQzTIWtfbQBKIc2LpYZTOeO3sCrHWo2GJe1f1EWMXcE8v2CGAuU8hJ0x7Pojn0eSa2kbq5jU4I.2Sf7i7_lLlYyjyEVjQ62f2LysG3uHYIr83F5nd0Ezfel83opKGWRMesRIpbond2rzkMpwynu.5m23cwXTRFfYYP24Juw190vSfGiUR.8LOLWsA2gUAq6h7ODSUMJitis37engcP8f.0T5zY2XRMCSeFHlcvdD8BWECcEok676KIWAli4F3B7fQiNAvBIlEutHA9HMmlj32zbb5ALJ9o4vqQ2jLWOfPf3EUodKZdsJs4d_2KfNDvwEsVyX6aDHwpqBUKdmxp0PoDQAsXuoTewJ0.Sxq2IVuSwiFVi61b0X6dNSOvR7fguyMn9xLCAAa21xhA8FzmRY5Jtgzfp12QSzHy_vZOWyOyQ.r7o_I.QtC_3pR3o6Q_x.eJLYDkckU5RbB3Nidt8cB3Qbt9JobQ3LM.1.oENzCyefsAaQL7W9kgr.VJXf2VBCthDaMH7l8r80Mp6H5a6z0ySYLb4C8TYU8cEFtbXsHBJYsEpXpL4dVP_2HZ96Ud_Outzd5gHYmveEQJCu6srvF_SnfD_YaJ3_ql3W9oEst7h9HBPDjneBiz3C78sCYOdq.Ekok69ZLDOx_LB.crn3C2hSltbzf3y28sw0X3wbdMJ1YifWSCWI_eWlkEDKRC6DHzec4Kz3aLEtm_WCjE8mjfd9jeGYhjF9k0DdRE48lzPjK1idP3gwhV_E5A308phTCEpeA6kbML17V4AP0wydnvgkXBlnAY1q9.xnSHLdZEMWfcCcw2rV6qYsnmHeBpI7GtoRcPJ5EdIs4CbxkJD0VPjnqBMq8nYMzi3M4v3TGsFB3s41BjF.QHM1_BFdwD2a3cYr.bwr35Se.l_JyIcrjgKgd_JYd39mPyCvqm8ScjNwFx7prmI0ylKUOsQPthY_JtCBVAyWl9hUuE3nZqCgeUKnXFoxxwgRZA7wDuJYHFC875CUlpQHXbNiSMKOJlnyLjEWiWi2yDUsBTCel8XXbfL_Z3tPk8nWzwB4zlTic915MkAcwsqpb16x3_VgBSiW2YNKwjkXsn8GT8mXDx36Zf9IJzIXEKySZv67CUMKR9ciufbjaz0YaTMdMM6SDFiBg1k4CGukh9yf2kgjsYworX6SvSYV4bPlQRzy._biizp.NVjy4Jti4ea2quy331ksBNLnRnYi2Xfkk"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91352cd24c3a6002';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=business%20model%20design&__cf_chl_rt_tk=cjq.BnCO42OSl0ZnPKywUsLn.hLMAQfViQPgmujfiiU-1739788992-1.0.1.1-0_tFitH9Cfswd4WMkdDcqeaJ.MPr3pZlmrjQTUBYcS8" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>