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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>Techno Press</title>  <META HTTP-EQUIV="CONTENT-TYPE" CONTENT="text/html; charset=euc-kr;" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="9Ox6Jid6wzQN6xkf1qs0nGMM9BymFnNJtokoFCfh-Ss" /> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">  <meta http-equiv="expires" content="wed, 04 jul 1973 16:00:00 gmt"> <link rel="StyleSheet" href="style.css" type="text/css" /> <script src="script.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="jquery-1.11.3.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>  <script> $(function(){ $(document).ready(function(){ //openPopup('popup01.html'); }); function getCookie(name) { var cookie = document.cookie; if (document.cookie != "") { var cookie_array = cookie.split("; "); for ( var index in cookie_array) { var cookie_name = cookie_array[index].split("="); if (cookie_name[0] == "popupYN") { return cookie_name[1]; } } } return ; } function openPopup(url) { console.log("start"); var cookieCheck = getCookie("popupYN"); if (cookieCheck != "N") window.open(url, '', 'width=420,height=450,left=0,top=0,toolbar=no,scrollbars=no,resizable=no,status=no,menubar=no,') } var totalCount; $("#addButton").click(function(){ totalCount=$("#totalCount").val(); totalCount++; $("ol#reference").append("<li><input name=\"reference"+totalCount+"\" size=\"65\"></li>"); $("#totalCount").val(totalCount); }); }); </script> </head> <body> <div id="topbar"> <div id="blackbar"> </div> <div id="logobar"> <div class="title_l"> <a href="/" title="home"><img src="/images/title_logo.gif" alt="Techno Press" /></a> </div> <div class="title_r"> Tp_Editing System.E (TES.E) </div> </div> <div id="menubar"> <div class="top_url"> <a href='/'>http://www.techno-press.com/</a> </div> </div> <div class="outlogin"> <a href=".?page=login" title="login" class="btn" alt="Login" />Login</a> <a href=".?page=search2" title="search" class="btn" alt="Search" />Search</a> </div> </div> <div id="body"> <div id="main"> <script>console.log(5254014);</script><script>console.log(1733179968);</script><script>console.log(1733179937);</script><script>console.log(739);</script><script>console.log();</script><script>console.log()</script><script>console.log(+'this')</script>Techno-Press Journals<style> #greytable { background-color: #dddddd !important; border-color: #707070 !important; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; } #linetd { padding: 10px !important; } #f_addr { font-size: 8pt;} </style> <script type="text/javascript"> function toggleview() { var item=document.getElementById('country_table'); //if(item) { if(item.style.display=='block') { item.style.display='none'; } else { item.style.display='block'; item.style.width='100%'; } //} } </script> <table width="570" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" height="" align="center"> <tr> <td height="35" valign="middle" colspan="2" bgcolor="#5A88C6"> <div align=""> <a href="#" onclick="showpage(7)" class="all_menu">| Home </a> <a href="#" onclick="showpage(1)" class="all_menu">| Aims and Scope </a> <a href="#" onclick="showpage(2)" class="all_menu">| Editorial Board </a>  <a href="#" onclick="showpage(5)" class="all_menu">| Table of Contents </a>  <a href="#" onclick="showpage(3)" class="all_menu">| Guide to Authors </a> <a href="#" onclick="showpage(9)" class="all_menu">| Ethics | </a> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td height="24" class="loginBoxCopy" valign="top" colspan="2" > <img src="images/bars/jmwt_title.jpg"> </td> </tr> </table> <div id="subpage7" class="subpage" style="display:block"> <table width="570" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" height="" id="greytable"> <tr> <td valign="top" height="140" id="linetd"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" bgcolor="#7a7a7a"> <tr> <td valign="top"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="10" bgcolor="#EDEDED"> <tr> <td class="stitle" valign="top"> Home   </td></tr> <tr><td class="loginBox"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="8" height="100%" bgcolor=""> <tr> <td> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" height="100%" bgcolor=""> <tr><td class="loginBox"> <img src="images/circle_icon1.gif"> Editors-in-Chief     Prof. Enrico Drioli (European Ed.) <a href="mailto:driolie@tin.it "><img src="images/emailicon.gif" border="0"></a>     Dept. of Chemical Eng. & Materials     University of Calabria, Italy     Dr. Youngchul Choi (American Ed.) <a href="mailto:ycchoi@rti.org"><img src="images/emailicon.gif" border="0"></a>     Water Technology     Saudi Aramco R&D Center     Prof. Jae Woo Lee (Asia-Pacific Ed.) <a href="mailto:jaewoo@korea.ac.kr"><img src="images/emailicon.gif" border="0"></a>     Dept. of Environ. Eng.     Korea University, Korea     Prof. Kangwoo Cho <a href="mailto:kwcho1982@postech.ac.kr"><img src="images/emailicon.gif" border="0"></a>     Division of Environ. Sci. Eng.     POSTECH, Korea </td></tr> <tr><td></td></tr> <tr><td class="loginBox"> <img src="images/circle_icon1.gif"> Managing Editor     Prof. Chang-Koon Choi <a href="mailto:cck@kaist.ac.kr"><img src="images/emailicon.gif" border="0"></a>     Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering     Korea Advanced Institute of Science     & Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea <img src="images/circle_icon1.gif"> SCOPUS <img src="images/circle_icon1.gif"> SCIE (Impact factor: 0.8)  <img src="images/circle_icon1.gif"> ISSN: 2005-8624(Print)   ISSN: 2092-7037(Online) <img src="images/circle_icon1.gif"> Vol.15 (4 issues) for 2024, Quarterly  <!ㅡ5-Year Impact factor : 0.594ㅡ> </td> </tr> </table> </td> <td><img src="images/mwt_contents_small.jpg" /></td> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <img src="images/circle_icon1.gif"> Hybrid Open Access journal: there is an Optional Open Access Fee of USD 595. <img src="images/circle_icon1.gif"> For correspondence: mwt@techno-press.com </td> </tr> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <img src="images/circle_icon1.gif"> This journal is jointly published with Korea Society on Water Environment(KSWE). </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div id="subpage1" class="subpage"> <table width="570" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" height="" id="greytable"> <tr> <td valign="top" height="140" id="linetd"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" bgcolor="#7a7a7a"> <tr> <td valign="top"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="10" bgcolor="#EDEDED"> <tr> <td class="stitle" valign="top"> Aims and Scope </td></tr> <tr><td class="loginBox"> The Membrane and Water Treatment(MWT), An International Journal, aims at opening an access to the valuable source of technical information and providing an excellent publication channel for the global community of researchers in Membrane and Water Treatment related area. Specific emphasis of the journal may include but not limited to; the engineering and scientific aspects of understanding the basic mechanisms and applying membranes for water and waste water treatment, such as transport phenomena, surface characteristics, fouling, scaling, desalination, membrane bioreactors, water reuse, and system optimization. </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div id="subpage2" class="subpage"> <table width="570" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" height="" id="greytable"> <tr> <td valign="top" height="140" id="linetd"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" bgcolor="#7a7a7a"> <tr> <td valign="top"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="10" bgcolor="#EDEDED"> <tr> <td class="stitle" valign="top" colspan="2"> Editorial Board   </td></tr> <tr><td class="editorialb" valign="top"> Prof. Jihyang Kweon Dept. of Environ. Eng. Konkuk University, Korea Dr. SP Agashichev ADWEA-Research Center Nat Energy Water Res Cntr, UAE Prof. AL Ahmad School of Chem Eng Univ. Sains Malaysia, Malaysia  Dr. P Aimar Genie of the Interf Divided Media Genie Chem Lab of Toulouse, France Prof. M Al-Anber Dept of Environ Health Univ. of Hali, Saudi Arabia  Dr. A Cassano Inst of Membr Technol Univ of Calabria, Italy   </td><td class="editorialb" valign="top"> Prof. Kyung-Ik Gil Seoul National Univ. of Science and Technology, Korea Prof. P Fievet Equipe "Nanosciences, Capteurs, Membranes", Inst UTINAM (UMR CNRS 6213), France Prof. AF Ismail Adv Membrane Tech Res Center Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia  Prof. B Liao Dept of Chemical Eng Lakehead Univ, Canada Prof. F Macedonio Faculty of Engineering Univ of Calabria, Italy  Prof. R Molinari Dept of Chem Eng and Mater Univ of Calabria, Italy  </td><td class="editorialb" valign="top"> Prof. CN Murthy Dept Appl Chem Maharaja Sayajirao U of Baroda, India Prof. AB Ribeiro Dept of Sci and Environ Eng New U of Lisbon, Portugal  Prof. B Van der Bruggen Dept of Chemical Eng K.U. Leuven, Belgium Prof. C Visvanathan Sch of Environ Resour Develop Asian Inst of Tech, Thailand  Prof. XD Wang Lab of Alter Electr Power Syst Renew Energy Sources North China Electric Power Univ, China Prof. M Gryta Inst of Chem Tech Environ Eng W Pomeranian Univ of Tech, Poland  </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div id="subpage3" class="subpage"> <table width="570" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" height="" id="greytable"> <tr> <td valign="top" id="linetd"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" bgcolor="#7a7a7a"> <tr> <td valign="top">       <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="10" bgcolor="#d8d8d8"> <tr> <td class="stitle" valign="top"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#d8d8d8"> <tr> <td class="stitle" valign="top"> Guide to Authors (Last updated: Oct 25, 2021) </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="instruct"> 1. Submission of the paper </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="loginBox"> Authors are asked to submit manuscripts in PDF (or Latex) format electronically through the Techno-Press Manuscript Upload System (TeMUS) (<a href="http://www.techno-press.com/papers">http://www.techno-press.com/papers</a>). Exceptionally, the special issue papers may be directly submitted to the Guest Editor. If you have difficulties in using TeMUS, please contact us at[<a href="mailto:mwt@techno-press.com">mwt@techno-press.com</a>]. On receiving submitted papers, the system will issue the paper ID and Password to the corresponding author which may be conveniently used to check the status of submitted papers. Authors should carefully check if their paper satisfied all the requirements in the preliminary list before submission. </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="instruct"> 2. Preparation of the manuscript </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="loginBox"> General : The manuscripts should be in English and typed with double column and single line spacing on single side of A4 paper. Submitted papers will be published in the category of regular technical papers only. The first page of an article should contain: (1) a title of paper which well reflects the contents of the paper (Arial, 15pt), (2) all the name(s) and affiliations(s) of authors(s) (Arial, 11pt), (3) an abstract of 100~250 words (Times New Roman, 9.5pt), (4) 5-10 keywords following the abstract, and (5) footnote (personal title and email address of the corresponding author (required) and other authors' (not mandatory)). The paper should be concluded by proper conclusions which reflect the findings in the paper. The normal length of the technical paper should be about 8-16 journal pages (double column format). Authors are advised to read the details in the <a href="http://www.techno-press.com/papers/Guide(A).pdf">Authors' Guide</a> for guide and <a href="http://www.techno-press.com/papers/Template(A).docx">Template</a>. Tables and figures : Tables and figures should be consecutively numbered and have short titles. They should be referred to in the text as following examples (e.g., Fig. 1(a), Figs. 1 and 2, Figs. 1(a)-(d) / Table 1, Tables 1-2), etc. Tables should have borders (1/2pt plane line) with the captions right before the table. Figures should be properly located in the text as an editable image file (.jpg) with captions on the lower cell. All of the original figures and tables are required to be placed at the suitable locations in the text. Units and mathematical expressions : It is desirable that units of measurements and abbreviations should follow the System Internationale (SI) except where the other unit system is more suitable. The numbers identifying the displayed mathematical expression should be placed in the parentheses and referred to in the text as following examples (e.g., Eq. (1), Eqs. (1)-(2)). Mathematical expressions must be inserted as an object (set as Microsoft Equations 3.0) for Microsoft Word 2007 and after versions. Image-copied text or equations are not acceptable unless they are editable. The raised and lowered fonts cannot be used for superscription and subscription. References : A list of references which reflect the current state of technology in the field locates after conclusions of the paper. For details to prepare the list of references and cite them in the text, authors are advised to follow the introduction and the sample list in the <a href="http://www.techno-press.com/papers/Guide(A).pdf">Authors' Guide</a>. </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="instruct"> 3. Review </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="loginBox"> All the submitted papers that have passed the preliminary check by the editors will undergo a rigorous peer-review process to judge their significance and originality. Those papers positively recommended by at least two expert reviewers will be finally accepted for publication in the Techno-Press Journals or after any required modifications are made. </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="instruct"> 4. Proofs </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="loginBox"> Proofs will be sent to the corresponding author to correct any typesetting errors. Alterations to the original manuscript will not be accepted at this stage. Proofs should be returned within 48 hours of receipt. </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="instruct"> 5. Copyright </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="loginBox"> Submission of an article to a Techno-Press Journal implies that it presents the original and unpublished work, and not under consideration for publication elsewhere. On acceptance of the submitted manuscript, it is implied that the copyright thereof is transferred to Korean Society on Water Quality. The Agreement of Authorship, Originality, and Copyright Transfer must be signed and submitted. </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="instruct"> 6. Ethics </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="loginBox"> General: Techno-Press applies research and publication ethics standards based on COPE's International Standards for Editors and Authors (<a href="https://publicationethics.org/node/11184" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/node/11184</a>). Violation of publication ethics will result in the activation of COPE flow chart. (<a href="https://publicationethics.org/guidance/Flowcharts" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/guidance/Flowcharts</a>) Authorship: Authors are encouraged to check ICMJE's guideline for authorship. (<a href="http://www.icmje.org/icmje-recommendations.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.icmje.org/icmje-recommendations.pdf</a>). Authorship problems will be dealt with according to COPE flowcharts. (<a href="https://publicationethics.org/authorship" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/authorship</a>) KSWQ Code of Ethics: <a href="http://www.techno-press.com/papers/KSWQ_code of ethics.PDF" target="_blank">Code of Ethics</a> </td> </tr> <tr><td class="instruct"> 7. Open Access</td></tr> <tr><td class="loginBox">There is an option of publishing your paper as Open Access. When you receive a formal acceptance email, you will find a link that you may click on to pay the Article Processing Charge (APC) for Open Access publishing. </td> </table> </table>       </td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div id="subpage4" class="subpage"> <table width="570" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" height="" id="greytable"> <tr> <td valign="top" height="140" id="linetd"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" bgcolor="#E6E6E5"> <tr> <td valign="top"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="10" bgcolor=""> <tr> <td class="stitle" valign="top"> Sample Issues </td></tr> <tr><td> <div class="container_title"> Volume 3, Number 1, January 2012 </div> <div class="paper_info"> <ul><li> Developments and future potentials of anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) Chettiyappan Visvanathan and Amila Abeynayaka <a href="#" onclick="toggleview('abstract1');" style="color:darkblue;">Abstract;</a> <a href="samplejournal/pdf/mwt0301001.pdf" style="color:darkblue;">Full Text (1003K)</a> </li></ul> Abstract The coupling of anaerobic biological process and membrane separation could provide excellent suspended solids removal and better biomass retention for wastewater treatment. This coupling improves the biological treatment process while allowing for the recovery of energy through biogas. This review gives a basic description of the anaerobic wastewater treatment process, summarizes the state of the art of anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs), and describes the current research trends and needs for the development of AnMBRs. The research interest on AnMBR has grown over the conventional anaerobic processes such as upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB). Studies on AnMBRs have developed different reactor configurations to enhance performances. The AnMBR performances have achieved comparable status to other high rate anaerobic reactors. AnMBR is highly suitable for application with thermophilic anaerobic process to enhance performances. Studies indicate that the applications of AnMBR are not only limited to the high strength industrial wastewater treatment, but also for the municipal wastewater treatment. In recent years, there is a significant progress in the membrane fouling studies, which is a major concern in AnMBR application. Key Words anaerobic membrane bioreactor; wastewater treatment; research development; membrane fouling; high rate; thermophilic process Address Environmental Engineering and Management Program, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand </div> <div class="paper_info"> <ul><li> New CPS-PPEES blend membranes for CaCl2 and NaCl rejection Chitrakar Hegde, Arun M Isloor, Mahesh Padaki, Ahmad Fauzi Ismail and Lau W.J <a href="#" onclick="toggleview('abstract2');" style="color:darkblue;">Abstract;</a> <a href="samplejournal/pdf/mwt0301002.pdf" style="color:darkblue;">Full Text (2263K)</a> </li></ul> Abstract Carboxylated polysulfone (CPS), poly (1,4-phenylene ether ethersulfone) (PPEES), membranes were prepared and used for the separation of NaCl and CaCl2, in efficient way with less energy consumption. In this work, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes were employed to the salt rejection behavior of the different salt solutions. The influence of applied pressure (1-12 bar), on the membrane performance was assessed. In CM series of membranes, CM1 showed maximum of 97% water uptake and 36% water swelling, whereas, CM4 showed 75% water uptake and 28% water swelling. In RCM series, RCM1 showed 85% water uptake and 32% water swelling whereas, in RCM4 it was 68% for water uptake and 20% for water swelling. Conclusively reverse osmosis membranes gave better rejection whereas nanofiltration membrane showed enhanced flux. CM1 showed 58% of rejection with 12 L/(m2 h) flux and RCM1 showed 55% of rejection with 15 L/(m2 h) flux for 0.1 wt.% NaCl solution. Whereas, in 0.1 wt.% CaCl2 solution, membrane CM1 showed 78% of rejection with 12 L/(m2 h) flux and RCM1 showed 63% rejection with flux of 9 L/(m2 h). Key Words carboxylated polysulfone; NF; RO; synthesis; rejection Address Chitrakar Hegde : Department of Chemistry, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Yelahanka, Bangalore-64, India Arun M Isloor, Mahesh Padaki : Membrane Technology Division, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology-Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore 575 025, India Ahmad Fauzi Ismail and Lau W.J : Advanced Membrane Science & Technology Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia </div> <div class="paper_info"> <ul><li> A novel method of surface modification to polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane by preadsorption of citric acid or sodium bisulfite Xinyu Wei, Zhi Wang, Jixiao Wang and Shichang Wang <a href="#" onclick="toggleview('abstract3');" style="color:darkblue;">Abstract;</a> <a href="samplejournal/pdf/mwt0301003.pdf" style="color:darkblue;">Full Text (836K)</a> </li></ul> Abstract In membrane processes, various agents are used to enhance, protect, and recover membrane performance. Applying these agents in membrane modification could potentially be considered as a simple method to improve membrane performance without additional process. Citric acid (CI) and sodium bisulfite (SB) are two chemicals that are widely used in membrane feed water pretreatment and cleaning processes. In this work, preadsorptions of CI and SB were developed as simple methods for polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane modification. It was found that hydrogen bonding and Van Der Waals attraction could be responsible for the adsorptions of CI and SB onto membranes, respectively. After modification with CI or SB, the membrane surfaces became more hydrophilic. Membrane permeability improved when modified by SB while decreased a little when modified by CI. The modified membranes had an increase in PEG and BSA rejections and better antifouling properties with higher flux recovery ratios during filtration of a complex pharmaceutical wastewater. Moreover, membrane chlorine tolerance was elevated after modification with either agent, as shown by the mechanical property measurements. Key Words ultrafiltration; modification; citric acid; sodium bisulfite; membrane property Address Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China </div> <div class="paper_info"> <ul><li> Effects of ring number and baffled-ring distances on ultrafiltration in the tubular membrane inserted concentrically with a ring rod Ho-Ming Yeh, Chii-Dong Ho and Cha-Hsin Li <a href="#" onclick="toggleview('abstract4');" style="color:darkblue;">Abstract;</a> <a href="samplejournal/pdf/mwt0301004.pdf" style="color:darkblue;">Full Text (716K)</a> </li></ul> Abstract The permeate flux declination along an ultrafilter membrane is due mainly to the concentrationpolarization resistance increment and the decline in transmembrane pressure. It was found in previous works that the concentration polarization resistance could be reduced in a ring-rod tubular membrane ultrafilter using the turbulent behavior. In the present study, the performance was further improved by properly and gradually decreasing the baffled-ring distance along the cross-flow channel coupled with properly adjusting the number of baffled rings. This theoretical analysis is based on the mass and momentum balances as well as the application of the resistance-in-series model. The correlation predictions are confirmed with the experimental results for dextran T500 aqueous solution ultrafiltration. Key Words ultrafiltration; tubular membrane; ring-rod insert; baffled-ring distance; proper ring number Address Energy and Opto-Electronic Materials Research Center,Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, Tamsui, Taipei County251, Taiwan </div> <div class="paper_info"> <ul><li> Continuous ion-exchange membrane electrodialysis of mother liquid discharged from a salt-manufacturing plant and transport of Cl- ions and SO4 2- ions Yoshinobu Tanaka, Hazime Uchino and Masayoshi Murakami <a href="#" onclick="toggleview('abstract5');" style="color:darkblue;">Abstract;</a> <a href="samplejournal/pdf/mwt0301005.pdf" style="color:darkblue;">Full Text (910K)</a> </li></ul> Abstract The permeate flux declination along an ultrafilter membrane is due mainly to the concentrationpolarization resistance increment and the decline in transmembrane pressure. It was found in previous works that the concentration polarization resistance could be reduced in a ring-rod tubular membrane ultrafilter using the turbulent behavior. In the present study, the performance was further improved by properly and gradually decreasing the baffled-ring distance along the cross-flow channel coupled with properly adjusting the number of baffled rings. This theoretical analysis is based on the mass and momentum balances as well as the application of the resistance-in-series model. The correlation predictions are confirmed with the experimental results for dextran T500 aqueous solution ultrafiltration. Key Words ultrafiltration; tubular membrane; ring-rod insert; baffled-ring distance; proper ring number Address Yoshinobu Tanaka : IEM Research. 1-46-3 Kamiya, Ushiki-shi, Ibaraki 300-1216, Japan Hazime Uchino : Tokai University, College of Marine Science and Technology, 3-20-1 Orido, Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 424-8610, Japan Masayoshi Murakami : Japan Fine Salt Co. Ltd., 3-3-3 Yako, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-0863, Japan </div> <table border=1 cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#C6C5C9" align="center"> <tr><td> </td></tr> </table> </td></tr> <tr><td class="loginBox"> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div id="subpage5" class="subpage">  <table width="570" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" height=""> <tr> <td valign="top" height="140"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" bgcolor="#7a7a7a"> <tr> <td valign="top"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="10" bgcolor="#EDEDED"> <tr> <td class="stitle" valign="top" colspan="2"> Table of Contents. </td></tr> <tr><td class="editorialb">  <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#EDEDED"> <tr> <td height="14" width="7"> </td> <td height="14" width="10" class="loginBox"> </td> <td height="14" width="175" class="loginBox"> </td> <td height="22" width="353" class="loginBox"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="14" width="7"> </td> <td height="14" width="10" class="loginBox"> <li></li> </td> <td height="14" width="175" class="loginBox" align="right">2024  Volume 15      No. <a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=15&num=1" class="contents">1 </a> </td> <td height="22" width="353" class="loginBox">    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=15&num=2" class="contents">2</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=15&num=3" class="contents">3</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=15&num=4" class="contents">4</a> <tr> <td height="14" width="7"> </td> <td height="14" width="10" class="loginBox"> <li></li> </td> <td height="14" width="175" class="loginBox" align="right">2023  Volume 14      No. <a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=14&num=1" class="contents">1 </a> </td> <td height="22" width="353" class="loginBox">    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=14&num=2" class="contents">2</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=14&num=3" class="contents">3</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=14&num=4" class="contents">4</a> <tr> <td height="14" width="7"> </td> <td height="14" width="10" class="loginBox"> <li></li> </td> <td height="14" width="175" class="loginBox" align="right">2022  Volume 13      No. <a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=13&num=1" class="contents">1 </a> </td> <td height="22" width="353" class="loginBox">    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=13&num=2" class="contents">2</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=13&num=3" class="contents">3</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=13&num=4" class="contents">4</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=13&num=5" class="contents">5</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=13&num=6" class="contents">6</a> <tr> <td height="14" width="7"> </td> <td height="14" width="10" class="loginBox"> <li></li> </td> <td height="14" width="175" class="loginBox" align="right">2021  Volume 12      No. <a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=12&num=1" class="contents">1 </a> </td> <td height="22" width="353" class="loginBox">    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=12&num=2" class="contents">2</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=12&num=3" class="contents">3</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=12&num=4" class="contents">4</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=12&num=5" class="contents">5</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=12&num=6" class="contents">6</a> <tr> <td height="14" width="7"> </td> <td height="14" width="10" class="loginBox"> <li></li> </td> <td height="14" width="175" class="loginBox" align="right">2020  Volume 11      No. <a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=11&num=1" class="contents">1 </a> </td> <td height="22" width="353" class="loginBox">    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=11&num=2" class="contents">2</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=11&num=3" class="contents">3</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=11&num=4" class="contents">4</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=11&num=5" class="contents">5</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=11&num=6" class="contents">6</a> <tr> <td height="14" width="7"> </td> <td height="14" width="10" class="loginBox"> <li></li> </td> <td height="14" width="175" class="loginBox" align="right">2019  Volume 10      No. <a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=10&num=1" class="contents">1 </a> </td> <td height="22" width="353" class="loginBox">    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=10&num=2" class="contents">2</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=10&num=3" class="contents">3</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=10&num=4" class="contents">4</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=10&num=5" class="contents">5</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=10&num=6" class="contents">6</a> <tr> <td height="14" width="7"> </td> <td height="14" width="10" class="loginBox"> <li></li> </td> <td height="14" width="175" class="loginBox" align="right">2018  Volume 9      No. <a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=9&num=1" class="contents">1 </a> </td> <td height="22" width="353" class="loginBox">    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=9&num=2" class="contents">2</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=9&num=3" class="contents">3</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=9&num=4" class="contents">4</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=9&num=5" class="contents">5</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=9&num=6" class="contents">6</a> <tr> <td height="14" width="7"> </td> <td height="14" width="10" class="loginBox"> <li></li> </td> <td height="14" width="175" class="loginBox" align="right">2017  Volume 8      No. <a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=8&num=1" class="contents">1 </a> </td> <td height="22" width="353" class="loginBox">    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=8&num=2" class="contents">2</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=8&num=3" class="contents">3</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=8&num=4" class="contents">4</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=8&num=5" class="contents">5</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=8&num=6" class="contents">6</a> <tr> <td height="14" width="7"> </td> <td height="14" width="10" class="loginBox"> <li></li> </td> <td height="14" width="175" class="loginBox" align="right">2016  Volume 7      No. <a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=7&num=1" class="contents">1 </a> </td> <td height="22" width="353" class="loginBox">    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=7&num=2" class="contents">2</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=7&num=3" class="contents">3</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=7&num=4" class="contents">4</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=7&num=5" class="contents">5</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=7&num=6" class="contents">6</a> <tr> <td height="14" width="7"> </td> <td height="14" width="10" class="loginBox"> <li></li> </td> <td height="14" width="175" class="loginBox" align="right">2015  Volume 6      No. <a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=6&num=1" class="contents">1 </a> </td> <td height="22" width="353" class="loginBox">    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=6&num=2" class="contents">2</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=6&num=3" class="contents">3</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=6&num=4" class="contents">4</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=6&num=5" class="contents">5</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=6&num=6" class="contents">6</a> <tr> <td height="14" width="7"> </td> <td height="14" width="10" class="loginBox"> <li></li> </td> <td height="14" width="175" class="loginBox" align="right">2014  Volume 5      No. <a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=5&num=1" class="contents">1 </a> </td> <td height="22" width="353" class="loginBox">    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=5&num=2" class="contents">2</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=5&num=3" class="contents">3</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=5&num=4" class="contents">4</a> <tr> <td height="14" width="7"> </td> <td height="14" width="10" class="loginBox"> <li></li> </td> <td height="14" width="175" class="loginBox" align="right">2013  Volume 4      No. <a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=4&num=1" class="contents">1 </a> </td> <td height="22" width="353" class="loginBox">    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=4&num=2" class="contents">2</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=4&num=3" class="contents">3</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=4&num=4" class="contents">4</a> <tr> <td height="14" width="7"> </td> <td height="14" width="10" class="loginBox"> <li></li> </td> <td height="14" width="175" class="loginBox" align="right">2012  Volume 3      No. <a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=3&num=1" class="contents">1 </a> </td> <td height="22" width="353" class="loginBox">    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=3&num=2" class="contents">2</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=3&num=3" class="contents">3</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=3&num=4" class="contents">4</a> <tr> <td height="14" width="7"> </td> <td height="14" width="10" class="loginBox"> <li></li> </td> <td height="14" width="175" class="loginBox" align="right">2011  Volume 2      No. <a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=2&num=1" class="contents">1 </a> </td> <td height="22" width="353" class="loginBox">    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=2&num=2" class="contents">2</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=2&num=3" class="contents">3</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=2&num=4" class="contents">4</a> <tr> <td height="14" width="7"> </td> <td height="14" width="10" class="loginBox"> <li></li> </td> <td height="14" width="175" class="loginBox" align="right">2010  Volume 1      No. <a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=1&num=1" class="contents">1 </a> </td> <td height="22" width="353" class="loginBox">    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=1&num=2" class="contents">2</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=1&num=3" class="contents">3</a>    No.<a href=".?page=container&journal=mwt&volume=1&num=4" class="contents">4</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="14" width="7"> </td> <td 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Personal Subscription Rates : Please inquire at subs@techno-press.com.    <div id="country_table" style="display:none"> <table width=100%> <tr><td> Argentina Australia Bangladesh Brazil Canada China Finland France Germany </td> <td> Hong Kong India Indonesia Ireland Japan Malaysia Mexico Netherlands </td> <td> New Zealand Norway Pakistan Peru Philippines Poland Russia Singapore </td> <td> South Africa Spain Sweden Taiwan Thailand UK USA Vietnam </td> </tr> </table> </div> </td></tr>  <tr> <td class="stitle" align="center" colspan="2"> <a href="http://www.techno-press.org/?page=subscription&journal=mwt" style="font-size:10pt;color:green"><img src="images/subscription-order.jpg"></a> </td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div id="subpage7" class="subpage"> </div> <div id="subpage9" class="subpage"> <table width="580" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" height="" id="greytable"> <tr> <td valign="top" id="linetd"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" bgcolor="#7a7a7a"> <tr> <td class="stitle" valign="top"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="10" bgcolor="#d8d8d8"> <tr> <td class="stitle" valign="top"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#d8d8d8"> <tr> <td class="stitle" valign="top"> Research and Publication Ethics </td></tr> <tr> <td class="loginBox"> All the editors, publishers, researchers, and peer reviewers of Techno-Press journals strongly encourage to carefully review and follow the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines: <a href="https://publicationethics.org/guidance/Guidelines" target="_blank" >https://publicationethics.org/guidance/Guidelines.</a> </td> </tr> <tr><td class="instruct">1. Authorship </td></tr> <tr><td class="loginBox">Authorship credit should be based on     (1) Substantial contributors to the conception or design of the work or the acquisition, analysis    or interpretation of data for the work,     (2) Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content,     (3) Final approval of the version to be published, and     (4) Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related    to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. Authors should meet these four conditions after the initial submission of a manuscript and any changes whatsoever in authorship (adding author(s), deleting author(s), or re-arranging the order of authors) must be explained by a letter to the editor from the authors concerned. This letter must be signed by all authors on the paper. Techno-Press does not correct authorship after the final acceptance unless a mistake has been made by the editorial staff. Authorship may be changed before the final acceptance when the authorship correction is requested by all of the authors involved with the manuscript. The corresponding author takes primary responsibility for communication with the journal during the manuscript submission, peer review, and publication process. The corresponding author should be available throughout the submission and peer review process to respond to editorial queries in a timely manner, and should be available to respond to critiques of the work and cooperate with any requests from the journal for data or additional information or questions about the paper even after publication. </td></tr> <tr><td class="instruct"> 2. Originality, plagiarism and duplicate publication</td></tr> <tr><td class="loginBox">Submitted manuscripts must not have been previously published or be under consideration for publication elsewhere. No part of the accepted manuscript should be duplicated in any other journal without the permission of the Editorial Board. Submitted manuscripts are checked for possible plagiarism or duplicate publication upon the paper's arrival. If plagiarism or duplicate publication is detected, the manuscripts may be rejected, the authors will be announced in the journal, and their institutions will be informed. There will also be penalties for the authors. A letter of permission is required for any and all material that has been published previously. It is the responsibility of the author to request permission from the publisher for any material that is being reproduced. This requirement applies to text, figures, and tables. </td></tr> <tr><td class="instruct"> 3. Conflict of interest statement</td></tr> <tr><td class="loginBox">The corresponding author must inform the editor of any potential conflicts of interest that could influence the authors' interpretation of the data. Examples of potential conflicts of interest are financial support from or connections to companies, political pressure from interest groups, and academically related issues. In particular, all sources of funding applicable to the study should be explicitly stated.</td></tr> <tr><td class="instruct"> 4. Process for managing research and publication misconduct</td></tr> <tr><td class="loginBox">When the journal faces suspected cases of research and publication misconduct, such as redundant publication, plagiarism, fraudulent or fabricated data, changes in authorship, undisclosed conflict of interest, ethical problems with a submitted manuscript, appropriation by a reviewer of an author's idea or data, and complaints against editors, the resolution process will follow the flowchart provided by COPE, <a href="https://publicationethics.org/guidance/Flowcharts" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/guidance/Flowcharts.</a> The discussion and decision on the suspected cases are carried out by the Editorial Board. </td></tr> <tr><td class="instruct">5. Editorial responsibilities</td></tr> <tr><td class="loginBox"> The Editorial Board will continuously work to monitor and safeguard publication ethics: * Guidelines for retracting articles; * Maintenance of the integrity of academic records; * Preclusion of business needs from compromising intellectual and ethical standards; * Publishing corrections, clarifications, retractions, and apologies when needed; and * Excluding plagiarized and fraudulent data. The editors maintain the following responsibilities: * Responsibility and authority to reject and accept articles; * Avoid any conflict of interest with respect to articles they reject or accept; * Promote the publication of corrections or retractions when errors are found; and * Preserve the anonymity of reviewers. </td></tr> </table> </td></tr> </table> </td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var item=document.getElementById("subpage5"); if(item) { item.style.display="block"; } </script>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-M7D9HLN0XY"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-M7D9HLN0XY'); console.log("d"); </script> </div> <div id="menu">  Techno Press Services <div class="selecteditem" onmouseover="mouseover(this);" onmouseout="mouseout(this);"> <a href="/papers/" title="International Journals">Submit your paper</a> </div> <div class="item" onmouseover="mouseover(this);" onmouseout="mouseout(this);"> <a href="/?page=search2" title="seacrh">Search</a> </div>   <div class="item" onmouseover="mouseover(this);" onmouseout="mouseout(this);"> <a href="/?page=subscription" title="Journal Subscription">Journal Subscription</a> </div>  <hr /> <script type="text/javascript"> function quick_check() { var form = document.quickform; if(!form.quick.value) { alert('Please fill the quick search form'); return false; } return true; } </script> <form name="quickform" action=".?page=search2&mode=result" method="POST" onsubmit="return quick_check()";> </form> <div class="item" onmouseover="mouseover(this);" onmouseout="mouseout(this);"> <a href="http://www.i-asem.org" target="_blank">Conferences</a> </div> <a href="https://www.techno-press.org/conference_25/" target="_blank"><img src="images/banner_asem25.png" width="184"></a>  <div class="item" onmouseover="mouseover(this);" onmouseout="mouseout(this);">  </div> </div> </div> <div id="bottombar"> <hr width=900 /> Techno-Press: Publishers of international journals and conference proceedings.       Copyright © 2024 Techno-Press ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 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