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Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American baseball player, manager, and scout</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named William Johnson, see <a href="/wiki/William_Johnson_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="William Johnson (disambiguation)">William Johnson (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the singer, see <a href="/wiki/Judy_Johnson_(singer)" title="Judy Johnson (singer)">Judy Johnson (singer)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Baseball player</div> <style 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.ib-baseball-bio-member>th>a{color:white}.mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-former .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-teams .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-highlights .infobox-full-data{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-module{width:100%;background-color:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9)}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-member-header{background:#3d0001}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-member[style*="background"]{background:#0c0a6b!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-member-header{background:#3d0001}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-member[style*="background"]{background:#0c0a6b!important}}</style><table class="infobox ib-baseball-bio vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:#000000;"><span class="note">Judy Johnson</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Judy_Johnson_1924.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Judy_Johnson_1924.jpg/200px-Judy_Johnson_1924.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Judy_Johnson_1924.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="248" data-file-height="346" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Johnson in 1924</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b><a href="/wiki/Third_baseman" title="Third baseman">Third baseman</a></b></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Born:</b> <span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1899-10-26</span>)</span>October 26, 1899<br /><a href="/wiki/Snow_Hill,_Maryland" title="Snow Hill, Maryland">Snow Hill, Maryland</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Died:</b> June 15, 1989<span style="display:none">(1989-06-15)</span> (aged 89)<br /><a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_Delaware" title="Wilmington, Delaware">Wilmington, Delaware</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-baseball-bio-batsthrows"><div><b>Batted:</b> Right</div><div><b>Threw:</b> Right</div></div></td></tr><tr style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:#000000;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Negro leagues debut</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">1921, for the Hilldale Club</td></tr><tr style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:#000000;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Last Negro leagues appearance</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">1937, for the Homestead Grays</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:#000000;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Negro leagues<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> statistics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:right; width:50%; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Batting_average_(baseball)" title="Batting average (baseball)">Batting average</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:50%; padding-left:0.5em;">.304</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:right; width:50%; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Home_run" title="Home run">Home runs</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:50%; padding-left:0.5em;">25</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:right; width:50%; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Runs_batted_in" class="mw-redirect" title="Runs batted in">Runs batted in</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:50%; padding-left:0.5em;">457</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="width:50%; padding-left:0.5em;"><b><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/j/johnsju99.shtml">Stats</a> at <a href="/wiki/Baseball_Reference" title="Baseball Reference">Baseball Reference</a></b> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5363111#P1825" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:#000000;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Teams</th></tr><tr class="ib-baseball-bio-teams"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hilldale_Club" title="Hilldale Club">Hilldale Club</a> (<a href="/wiki/1921_in_baseball" title="1921 in baseball">1921</a>–<a href="/wiki/1929_in_baseball" title="1929 in baseball">1929</a>, <a href="/wiki/1931_in_baseball" title="1931 in baseball">1931</a>–<a href="/wiki/1932_in_baseball" title="1932 in baseball">1932</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_Grays" title="Homestead Grays">Homestead Grays</a> (<a href="/wiki/1929_in_baseball" title="1929 in baseball">1929</a>–<a href="/wiki/1930_in_baseball" title="1930 in baseball">1930</a>, <a href="/wiki/1937_in_baseball" title="1937 in baseball">1937</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Crawfords" title="Pittsburgh Crawfords">Pittsburgh Crawfords</a> (<a href="/wiki/1932_in_baseball" title="1932 in baseball">1932</a>–<a href="/wiki/1936_in_baseball" title="1936 in baseball">1936</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Cubans" title="New York Cubans">New York Cubans</a> (<a href="/wiki/1936_in_baseball" title="1936 in baseball">1936</a>)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:#000000;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Career highlights and awards</th></tr><tr class="ib-baseball-bio-highlights"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <ul><li>2× <a href="/wiki/East-West_All-Star_Game" class="mw-redirect" title="East-West All-Star Game">All-Star</a> (1933, 1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negro_World_Series" title="Negro World Series">Negro World Series</a> champion (<a href="/wiki/1925_Colored_World_Series" title="1925 Colored World Series">1925</a>)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="ib-baseball-bio-member-header"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="National Baseball Hall of Fame">Member of the National</a></th></tr><tr class="nowrap ib-baseball-bio-member" style="background:#272662;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/15px-Empty_Star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/23px-Empty_Star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/30px-Empty_Star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/15px-Empty_Star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/23px-Empty_Star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/30px-Empty_Star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/15px-Empty_Star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/23px-Empty_Star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/30px-Empty_Star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="National Baseball Hall of Fame">Baseball Hall of Fame</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/15px-Empty_Star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/23px-Empty_Star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/30px-Empty_Star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/15px-Empty_Star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/23px-Empty_Star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/30px-Empty_Star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/15px-Empty_Star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/23px-Empty_Star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Empty_Star.svg/30px-Empty_Star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:right; padding-right:0.5em;">Induction</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/1975_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_balloting" title="1975 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting">1975</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:right; padding-right:0.5em;">Election method</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0.5em;">Negro Leagues Committee</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>William Julius</b> "<b>Judy</b>" <b>Johnson</b> (October 26, 1899 – June 15, 1989) was an American professional <a href="/wiki/Third_baseman" title="Third baseman">third baseman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manager_(baseball)" title="Manager (baseball)">manager</a> whose career in <a href="/wiki/Negro_league_baseball" title="Negro league baseball">Negro league baseball</a> spanned 17 seasons, from 1921 to 1937. Slight of build, Johnson never developed as a power threat but achieved his greatest success as a <a href="/wiki/Contact_hitter" title="Contact hitter">contact hitter</a> and an intuitive defenseman. Johnson is regarded as one of the greatest third basemen of the Negro leagues. In 1975, he was elected into the <a href="/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum" title="National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum">Baseball Hall of Fame</a> after being nominated by the Negro Leagues Committee. </p><p>From 1921 to 1929, Johnson was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Hilldale_Club" title="Hilldale Club">Hilldale Daisies</a> ball club and became an on-the-field leader respected for his professional disposition. His consistent swing and fielding prowess helped the Daisies win three straight pennants in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Colored_League" title="Eastern Colored League">Eastern Colored League</a> and the <a href="/wiki/1925_Colored_World_Series" title="1925 Colored World Series">1925 Colored World Series</a>. After serving as a <a href="/wiki/Player_manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Player manager">player manager</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Homestead_Grays" title="Homestead Grays">Homestead Grays</a> followed by the Daisies in the early 1930s, Johnson signed with the <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Crawfords" title="Pittsburgh Crawfords">Pittsburgh Crawfords</a>; as a part of the vaunted Crawford line-up of 1935, Johnson contributed to a team widely considered the greatest in Negro league history. He retired in 1937 after a short second stint with the Grays. </p><p>Following his retirement from baseball as a player, Johnson became a <a href="/wiki/Scout_(sport)" title="Scout (sport)">scout</a> for <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> teams. He was hired as an <a href="/wiki/Assistant_coach" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistant coach">assistant coach</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Athletics" title="Philadelphia Athletics">Philadelphia Athletics</a> in 1954, becoming one of the first African Americans signed to a coaching position on a major league ball club. In his later years, Johnson served on the Negro Leagues Committee and stepped down in 1975 to accept his hall of fame nomination. He suffered a <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">stroke</a> in 1988 and died a year later. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_career">Life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Johnson&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Johnson&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>William Julius Johnson was born on October 26, 1899, in <a href="/wiki/Snow_Hill,_Maryland" title="Snow Hill, Maryland">Snow Hill, Maryland</a>, to William Henry Johnson, a sailor and licensed boxing coach, and Annie Lee Johnson.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreedman200717–19_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreedman200717–19-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johnson had an older sister Mary Emma and a younger brother John, both of whom were named after heavyweight boxer <a href="/wiki/Jack_Johnson_(boxer)" title="Jack Johnson (boxer)">Jack Johnson</a>, a long-time friend of William Henry. Early into his childhood, the family moved to <a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_Delaware" title="Wilmington, Delaware">Wilmington, Delaware</a>; by that time his father worked at the docks as a shipbuilder and as the athletic director at the Negro Settlement House.<sup id="cite_ref-sabr_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sabr-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Johnson was eight years old, his father began grooming him to become a pugilist. William Henry bought two pairs of boxing gloves: one pair for his son and the other for Mary Emma, his sparring partner.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sport was unappealing to Johnson, however; instead, he began playing <a href="/wiki/Sandlot_ball" title="Sandlot ball">sandlot ball</a> and joined his father's local amateur team the Rosedale Blues which competed against black and white teams.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBankes200462–63_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBankes200462–63-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1917, he stopped attending <a href="/wiki/Howard_High_School_of_Technology" title="Howard High School of Technology">Howard High School</a> to work on shipyards in New Jersey and play weekend games on baseball teams that were drawn from the community, including the Rosalies and the Chester Stars. The following year he joined the semi-professional ball club the <a href="/wiki/Bacharach_Giants" title="Bacharach Giants">Bacharach Giants</a> for a $5 wage per game.<sup id="cite_ref-kansas_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kansas-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Hilldale_Daisies_(1921–1929)"><span id="The_Hilldale_Daisies_.281921.E2.80.931929.29"></span>The Hilldale Daisies (1921–1929)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Johnson&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Hilldale Daisies (1921–1929)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In early 1919, Johnson worked out for the <a href="/wiki/Hilldale_Daisies" class="mw-redirect" title="Hilldale Daisies">Hilldale Daisies</a> and was attached with the Madison Stars, Hilldale's unofficial <a href="/wiki/Minor_league" title="Minor league">minor league</a> affiliate, to hone his skills. By 1921, with the Daisies in need of an <a href="/wiki/Infielder" title="Infielder">infielder</a>, Johnson signed a professional baseball contract worth $135 a month with <a href="/wiki/Ed_Bolden" title="Ed Bolden">Ed Bolden</a>, who owned the Hilldale ball club.<sup id="cite_ref-kansas_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kansas-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bolden_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bolden-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rookie ballplayer was soon adorned with the nickname "Judy" because of his resemblance to <a href="/wiki/Chicago_American_Giants" title="Chicago American Giants">Chicago American Giants</a> pitcher <a href="/wiki/Judy_Gans" title="Judy Gans">Judy Gans</a>; the name stuck with Johnson for the duration of his baseball career.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johnson spent his first year as a professional ballplayer at <a href="/wiki/Shortstop" title="Shortstop">shortstop</a> while his <a href="/wiki/Player_manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Player manager">player manager</a> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Francis_(baseball)" title="Bill Francis (baseball)">Bill Francis</a> played at <a href="/wiki/Third_baseman" title="Third baseman">third base</a>, Johnson's natural position. Once the regular season began, Johnson struggled at the plate, finishing his rookie year with a .188 <a href="/wiki/Batting_average_(baseball)" title="Batting average (baseball)">batting average</a> (BA), yet he played every day and was mentored by Francis in the offseason in order to make the transition to third base.<sup id="cite_ref-kansas_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kansas-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillus200248_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillus200248-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1922 season, Johnson was used as the starting third baseman. With Francis leaving for the Bacharach Giants, Johnson looked to <a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Lloyd" title="John Henry Lloyd">John Henry Lloyd</a> for guidance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillus200249_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillus200249-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A renowned infielder, the veteran ballplayer became a role model to him, and Johnson's defensive style closely resembled his mentor's.<sup id="cite_ref-sabr_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sabr-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After his playing career, Johnson stated, "He's [Lloyd] the man I give the credit to for polishing my skills; he taught me how to play third base and how to protect myself... John taught me more baseball than anyone else".<sup id="cite_ref-sabr_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sabr-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the offseason, the Hilldale club joined Bolden's newly established <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Colored_League" title="Eastern Colored League">Eastern Colored League</a> (ECL). Bolden had rebuilt the team as well, strengthening its core with the signings of <a href="/wiki/Biz_Mackey" title="Biz Mackey">Biz Mackey</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Carr_(baseball)" title="George Carr (baseball)">George "Tank" Carr</a>, both from the American Giants.<sup id="cite_ref-bolden_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bolden-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1923 campaign was the beginning of a series of successful seasons for Johnson which saw his emergence as a hitter and leader of the Daisies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillus200249–51_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillus200249–51-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Measured at 5-feet-11 inches and 155 lbs. (70.3 kg.), Johnson never developed as a serious <a href="/wiki/Power_hitter" title="Power hitter">power threat</a>; instead, he became a player who consistently <a href="/wiki/Contact_hitter" title="Contact hitter">hit for contact</a> and drove the ball at gaps in the defense.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBak1994151_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBak1994151-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A "scientific hitter" at the plate, as sports historian Richard Bak described him, Johnson used different strategies to get on base such as taking <a href="/wiki/Base_on_balls" title="Base on balls">walks</a> or crowding in on the plate to allow the ball to <a href="/wiki/Hit_by_pitch" title="Hit by pitch">hit his sleeve</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBak1994151_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBak1994151-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the field, Johnson was the defensive leader of the Daisies' infield, noted for his intuitive fielding prowess and strong throwing arm.<sup id="cite_ref-sabr_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sabr-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Daisies won their first Eastern Colored League pennant with Johnson as their most consistent player at the plate; he batted .391 in 1923.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreedman200717–19_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreedman200717–19-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Hilldale club had another successful season in 1924, clinching their second pennant.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreedman200717–19_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreedman200717–19-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Daisies had high expectations when they met the <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Monarchs" title="Kansas City Monarchs">Kansas City Monarchs</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Negro_National_League_(1920%E2%80%931931)" title="Negro National League (1920–1931)">Negro National League</a> (NNL) in the <a href="/wiki/1924_Colored_World_Series" title="1924 Colored World Series">1924 Colored World Series</a>, the first official World Series between the respective champions of the NNL and ECL.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johnson led both teams with a .364 BA and hit a clutch <a href="/wiki/Inside-the-park_home_run" title="Inside-the-park home run">Inside-the-park home run</a> in Game Five of the best-of-nine series, but the Daisies lost, five games to four (with one tied game).<sup id="cite_ref-sabr_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sabr-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following season, with Johnson hitting .392, the Daisies secured a third straight pennant and returned to the World Series for a rematch with the Monarchs.<sup id="cite_ref-sabr_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sabr-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The favored Hilldale club owed its success in the series—which they won five-to-one—to a stronger line-up consisting of seven starters finishing the regular season batting over .300 and pitching staff led by <a href="/wiki/Nip_Winters" title="Nip Winters">Nip Winters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the season, Johnson started playing winter ball <a href="/wiki/Cuban_League" title="Cuban League">in Cuba</a> and was moved to the clean-up spot in the line-up for the remainder of his stint with Hilldale.<sup id="cite_ref-kansas_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kansas-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Daisies finished second in the ECL pennant race of 1926 to the Bacharach Giants. During the playoffs, the Daisies played four exhibition games against a team composed of white <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">major leaguers</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Lefty_Grove" title="Lefty Grove">Lefty Grove</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heinie_Manush" title="Heinie Manush">Heinie Manush</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Dykes" title="Jimmy Dykes">Jimmy Dykes</a>. Hilldale bested them in three out of the four games; Johnson made more money from the games than if the team had played in the World Series.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBankes200466_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBankes200466-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_1930s">The 1930s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Johnson&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The 1930s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The onset of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> in the United States drastically affected attendance at Negro league baseball games, forcing the Daisies to temporarily fold before the 1930 season. At 29 years old, Johnson signed on with the <a href="/wiki/Homestead_Grays" title="Homestead Grays">Homestead Grays</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Player_manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Player manager">player manager</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sabr_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sabr-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreedman200722_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreedman200722-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the season, Johnson directed his attention to Crawford Colored Giants catcher <a href="/wiki/Josh_Gibson" title="Josh Gibson">Josh Gibson</a> who was mentioned in several newspapers for his ability to hit long home runs. The Grays, however, did not seriously pursue Gibson—the team already had two catchers, Buck Ewing and <a href="/wiki/Vic_Harris_(outfielder)" title="Vic Harris (outfielder)">Vic Harris</a>, on its roster.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> On July 25, 1930, the Grays played an exhibition game with the Monarchs; scheduled at night, the field was illuminated by Monarchs owner <a href="/wiki/J._L._Wilkinson" title="J. L. Wilkinson">J. L. Wilkinson</a>'s portable lighting system to attract fans. Ewing, the starting catcher, lost sight of the ball in the low visibility and was injured by a pitch as Harris was playing in the outfield. In attendance, Gibson was called from the stands by Johnson to catch for the remainder of the game. He finished the season with the Grays; Johnson, his mentor, used him to catch <a href="/wiki/Batting_practice" class="mw-redirect" title="Batting practice">batting practice</a> every day and gradually worked him into the line-up.<sup id="cite_ref-sabr_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sabr-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreedman200722_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreedman200722-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Johnson spent the 1931 and early 1932 seasons managing the Daisies which joined the <a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_League" title="East–West League">East–West League</a> for the latter year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBankes200466_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBankes200466-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although he was in the twilight of his playing career, Johnson still felt he could contribute to a winning team and signed on with the <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Crawfords" title="Pittsburgh Crawfords">Pittsburgh Crawfords</a> in 1932.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBankes200467_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBankes200467-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1932 Crawfords team is considered one of the greatest squads ever assembled, often receiving comparisons to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Yankees" title="New York Yankees">New York Yankees</a>' 1927 team known as the <a href="/wiki/Murderers%27_Row" title="Murderers' Row">Murderers' Row</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sabr_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sabr-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their owner, the wealthy businessman <a href="/wiki/Gus_Greenlee" title="Gus Greenlee">Gus Greenlee</a>, had little experience with baseball when he purchased the Crawfords in 1930 but was determined to aggressively purchase and trade for the best available players. By 1932, Greenlee signed five future hall of famers: Johnson, <a href="/wiki/Cool_Papa_Bell" title="Cool Papa Bell">Cool Papa Bell</a>, Josh Gibson, <a href="/wiki/Satchel_Paige" title="Satchel Paige">Satchel Paige</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Charleston" title="Oscar Charleston">Oscar Charleston</a>, the player manager.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like Charleston, Johnson remained productive in the latter stage of his career, hitting well above a .300 BA during his five-year stint with the Crawfords. In 1935, he was chosen as <a href="/wiki/Captain_(baseball)" title="Captain (baseball)">captain</a>, and the Crawfords were favored to win the pennant race.<sup id="cite_ref-sabr_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sabr-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillus200273_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillus200273-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The team secured the first half of the championship but finished second in the latter half to the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Giants" title="Cuban Giants">Cuban Giants</a>. As a tiebreaker, both clubs met for a seven-game series to determine the winner of the pennant.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Game Seven, with the Crawfords trailing 7–4 and down to their final out, Johnson hit an <a href="/wiki/Infield_single" class="mw-redirect" title="Infield single">infield single</a> to load the bases and kept Pittsburgh's pennant hopes alive. Charleston followed next in the order and hit a walk-off <a href="/wiki/Grand_slam_(baseball)" title="Grand slam (baseball)">grand slam</a> to win the game and the series.<sup id="cite_ref-sabr_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sabr-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the Crawfords finished the second half of 1936 in first place and Johnson showed little signs of slowing down with age, Greenlee shockingly traded him and Gibson to the Homestead Grays in exchange for <a href="/wiki/Pepper_Bassett" title="Pepper Bassett">Pepper Bassett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Spearman" title="Henry Spearman">Henry Spearman</a>, both of whom were considered marginal players at best. Johnson took the deal personally; he played for a few games at the beginning of the 1937 season and announced his retirement soon after.<sup id="cite_ref-kansas_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kansas-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillus200273_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillus200273-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_life_and_legacy">Later life and legacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Johnson&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later life and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Judy_Johnson_House_DE_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Judy_Johnson_House_DE_2.JPG/220px-Judy_Johnson_House_DE_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Judy_Johnson_House_DE_2.JPG/330px-Judy_Johnson_House_DE_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Judy_Johnson_House_DE_2.JPG/440px-Judy_Johnson_House_DE_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Johnson's house in Marshallton, Delaware (2014)</figcaption></figure> <p>After he retired from baseball, Johnson worked for the Continental Cab Company and managed a general goods store with his brother.<sup id="cite_ref-times_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1951, the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Athletics" title="Philadelphia Athletics">Philadelphia Athletics</a> hired Johnson as a scout. He urged the team, albeit unsuccessfully, to sign prospects <a href="/wiki/Hank_Aaron" title="Hank Aaron">Hank Aaron</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minnie_Minoso" class="mw-redirect" title="Minnie Minoso">Minnie Minoso</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreedman200724_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreedman200724-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before the Athletics relocated to Kansas in 1954, the club assigned Johnson as an assistant coach tasked with instructing black players Bob Trice and <a href="/wiki/Vic_Power_(baseball)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vic Power (baseball)">Vic Power</a> during <a href="/wiki/Spring_training" title="Spring training">spring training</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreedman200724_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreedman200724-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the brief nature of Johnson's assignment, <a href="/wiki/Buck_O%27Neil" title="Buck O'Neil">Buck O'Neil</a> is generally credited with being the first African-American to coach in <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> (MLB).<sup id="cite_ref-hall_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hall-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Johnson spent time scouting with the <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Braves" title="Atlanta Braves">Atlanta Braves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Brewers" title="Milwaukee Brewers">Milwaukee Brewers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Phillies" title="Philadelphia Phillies">Philadelphia Phillies</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Dodgers" title="Los Angeles Dodgers">Los Angeles Dodgers</a> in the 1950s and 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreedman200724_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreedman200724-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is credited with instigating the signings of slugger <a href="/wiki/Dick_Allen" title="Dick Allen">Dick Allen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bill_Bruton" title="Bill Bruton">Bill Bruton</a> who later became his son-in-law.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreedman200724_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreedman200724-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As one of the oldest surviving stars of the Negro leagues, Johnson was offered a seat on the Committee on Negro Baseball Leagues when it was appointed by MLB commissioner <a href="/wiki/Bowie_Kuhn" title="Bowie Kuhn">Bowie Kuhn</a> in 1971. The Committee's responsibility was to select noteworthy Negro league players for induction into the <a href="/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum" title="National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum">Baseball Hall of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreedman200724_24-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreedman200724-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hall_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hall-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1975, Johnson stepped down from his position in the Committee to accept his Baseball Hall of Fame nomination.<sup id="cite_ref-hall_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hall-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1976, Johnson was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Sports_Museum_and_Hall_of_Fame" title="Delaware Sports Museum and Hall of Fame">Delaware Sports Hall of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Johnson is recognized as the best third baseman of the Negro leagues; <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashe" title="Arthur Ashe">Arthur Ashe</a> in his book <i> A Hard Road to Glory</i> termed his play as "the standard by which other third-basemen were measured".<sup id="cite_ref-sabr_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sabr-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His leadership was the centerpiece of two of the most dominant Negro league teams—the Hilldale Daisies in the 1920s and the Pittsburgh Crawfords in the 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-sabr_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sabr-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Former teammates, including <a href="/wiki/Ted_Page_(baseball)" title="Ted Page (baseball)">Ted Page</a> and Johnson's mentor John Henry “Pop” Lloyd, praised his composure under pressure, both on the field and at the plate.<sup id="cite_ref-hall_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hall-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johnson suffered a <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">stroke</a> in 1988 and died a year later on June 15, 1989, in Wilmington; he was 89 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-times_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His home, the <a href="/wiki/William_Julius_%22Judy%22_Johnson_House" title="William Julius "Judy" Johnson House">William Julius "Judy" Johnson House</a> in <a href="/wiki/Marshallton,_Delaware" title="Marshallton, Delaware">Marshallton</a>, was added to the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a> in 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Judy Johnson Field at <a href="/wiki/Daniel_S._Frawley_Stadium" title="Daniel S. Frawley Stadium">Daniel S. Frawley Stadium</a> is named for him.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, a memorial statue dedicated to Johnson was unveiled in his home town of Snow Hill, Maryland, in front of the town's library.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Johnson&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On December 16, 2020, Major League Baseball declared the Negro leagues, from the span of 1920–1948, to be a "Major League".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johnson's statistics reflect his time in the Negro leagues from 1923 to 1927, 1929, and 1932 until the end of his career.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Johnson&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/press-release/press-release-mlb-officially-designates-the-negro-leagues-as-major-league">"MLB officially designates the Negro Leagues as 'Major League'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>MLB.com</i>. December 16, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=MLB+officially+designates+the+Negro+Leagues+as+%27Major+League%27&rft.date=2020-12-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlb.com%2Fpress-release%2Fpress-release-mlb-officially-designates-the-negro-leagues-as-major-league&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreedman200717–19-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreedman200717–19_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreedman200717–19_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreedman200717–19_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreedman2007">Freedman 2007</a>, pp. 17–19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sabr-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sabr_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sabr_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sabr_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sabr_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sabr_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sabr_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sabr_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sabr_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sabr_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sabr_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sabr_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sabr_4-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sabr_4-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerger,_Ralph2016" class="citation web cs1">Berger, Ralph (August 23, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/5c84de56">"William Julius 'Judy' Johnson"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Society_for_American_Baseball_Research" title="Society for American Baseball Research">Society for American Baseball Research</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 13,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=William+Julius+%27Judy%27+Johnson&rft.pub=Society+for+American+Baseball+Research&rft.date=2016-08-23&rft.au=Berger%2C+Ralph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsabr.org%2Fbioproj%2Fperson%2F5c84de56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson,_Brian2016" class="citation web cs1">Wilson, Brian (January 29, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/history/mlb_negro_leagues_profile.jsp?player=judy_johnson">"Judy Johnson"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MLB" class="mw-redirect" title="MLB">MLB</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 13,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Judy+Johnson&rft.pub=MLB&rft.date=2016-01-29&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Brian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmlb.mlb.com%2Fmlb%2Fhistory%2Fmlb_negro_leagues_profile.jsp%3Fplayer%3Djudy_johnson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBankes200462–63-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBankes200462–63_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBankes2004">Bankes 2004</a>, pp. 62–63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kansas-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kansas_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kansas_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kansas_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kansas_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kansas_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160812145832/http://coe.k-state.edu/annex/nlbemuseum/history/players/johnsonw.html">"William 'Judy' Johnson"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kansas_State_University" title="Kansas State University">Kansas State University</a>. 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://coe.k-state.edu/annex/nlbemuseum/history/players/johnsonw.html">the original</a> on August 12, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 13,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=William+%27Judy%27+Johnson&rft.pub=Kansas+State+University&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcoe.k-state.edu%2Fannex%2Fnlbemuseum%2Fhistory%2Fplayers%2Fjohnsonw.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bolden-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bolden_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bolden_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaupert,_Michael2012" class="citation web cs1">Haupert, Michael (October 25, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/84ab3bca">"Ed Bolden"</a>. Society for American Baseball Research<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 13,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ed+Bolden&rft.pub=Society+for+American+Baseball+Research&rft.date=2012-10-25&rft.au=Haupert%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsabr.org%2Fbioproj%2Fperson%2F84ab3bca&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1989/06/17/baseball-hall-of-famer-judy-johnson-dies/a3785ca1-eb31-46e9-9aef-8e85094a1118/">"BASEBALL HALL OF FAMER 'JUDY' JOHNSON DIES"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a></i>. June 17, 1989<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 13,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=BASEBALL+HALL+OF+FAMER+%27JUDY%27+JOHNSON+DIES&rft.date=1989-06-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Flocal%2F1989%2F06%2F17%2Fbaseball-hall-of-famer-judy-johnson-dies%2Fa3785ca1-eb31-46e9-9aef-8e85094a1118%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillus200248-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillus200248_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBillus2002">Billus 2002</a>, p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillus200249-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillus200249_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBillus2002">Billus 2002</a>, p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillus200249–51-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillus200249–51_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBillus2002">Billus 2002</a>, pp. 49–51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBak1994151-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBak1994151_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBak1994151_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBak1994">Bak 1994</a>, p. 151.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnlbr.org/gallery/autographedbaseballs/tabid/89/mid/425/projectid/170/wildrc/1/default.aspx">"William 'Judy' Johnson"</a>. Center for Negro League Baseball Research. 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 13,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=William+%27Judy%27+Johnson&rft.pub=Center+for+Negro+League+Baseball+Research&rft.date=2017&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnlbr.org%2Fgallery%2Fautographedbaseballs%2Ftabid%2F89%2Fmid%2F425%2Fprojectid%2F170%2Fwildrc%2F1%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker,_Rhiannon2016" class="citation web cs1">Walker, Rhiannon (October 19, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://andscape.com/features/the-first-negro-world-series/">"The first Negro League World Series"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Andscape" title="Andscape">Andscape</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 13,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+first+Negro+League+World+Series&rft.pub=Andscape&rft.date=2016-10-19&rft.au=Walker%2C+Rhiannon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fandscape.com%2Ffeatures%2Fthe-first-negro-world-series%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://irp.cdn-website.com/33d0c3d0/files/uploaded/Negro%20League%20World%20Series.pdf">"Negro League World Series"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Center for Negro League Baseball Research<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 13,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gus+Greenlee&rft.pub=Society+for+American+Baseball+Research&rft.date=2017-06-02&rft.au=Mckeena%2C+Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsabr.org%2Fbioproj%2Fperson%2Ffabd8400&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillus200273-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillus200273_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillus200273_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBillus2002">Billus 2002</a>, p. 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170715191935/http://coe.k-state.edu/annex/nlbemuseum/history/teams/pittcrawfords.html">"Pittsburgh Crawfords"</a>. Kansas State University. 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://coe.k-state.edu/annex/nlbemuseum/history/teams/pittcrawfords.html">the original</a> on July 15, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 13,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Judy+Johnson&rft.pub=Baseball+Hall+of+Fame&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbaseballhall.org%2Fhof%2Fjohnson-judy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.desports.org/inductees/1976/">"Delaware Sports Museum and Hall of Fame in Wilmington, Delaware - 1976"</a>. <i>www.desports.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.desports.org&rft.atitle=Delaware+Sports+Museum+and+Hall+of+Fame+in+Wilmington%2C+Delaware+-+1976&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.desports.org%2Finductees%2F1976%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhirty,_Ryan2014" class="citation web cs1">Whirty, Ryan (June 11, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philly.com/philly/sports/phillies/If_Judy_Johnson_were_only_white_he_could_name_is_own_price.html">"If Judy (Johnson) were only white, he could name his own price"</a>. Philly.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 13,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=If+Judy+%28Johnson%29+were+only+white%2C+he+could+name+his+own+price&rft.pub=Philly.com&rft.date=2014-06-11&rft.au=Whirty%2C+Ryan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philly.com%2Fphilly%2Fsports%2Fphillies%2FIf_Judy_Johnson_were_only_white_he_could_name_is_own_price.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown,_Rubin2015" class="citation web cs1">Brown, Rubin (April 20, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.delawareonline.com/story/news/local/2015/04/19/delaware-backstory-honoring-hall-famer-judy-johnson/26057413/">"Delaware Backstory: Honoring Hall of Famer Judy Johnson"</a>. Delaware Online<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 18,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Delaware+Backstory%3A+Honoring+Hall+of+Famer+Judy+Johnson&rft.pub=Delaware+Online&rft.date=2015-04-20&rft.au=Brown%2C+Rubin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.delawareonline.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Flocal%2F2015%2F04%2F19%2Fdelaware-backstory-honoring-hall-famer-judy-johnson%2F26057413%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delawarestadiumcorp.com/history/">"HISTORY OF DSC STADIUM"</a>. <i>delawarestadiumcorp.com</i>. Delaware Stadium Corporation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=delawarestadiumcorp.com&rft.atitle=HISTORY+OF+DSC+STADIUM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.delawarestadiumcorp.com%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delmarvanow.com/picture-gallery/news/local/maryland/2019/04/27/william-judy-johnson-memorial-unveiling-snow-hill/3600613002/">"PHOTOS: William "Judy" Johnson memorial unveiling in Snow Hill"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PHOTOS%3A+William+%22Judy%22+Johnson+memorial+unveiling+in+Snow+Hill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.delmarvanow.com%2Fpicture-gallery%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fmaryland%2F2019%2F04%2F27%2Fwilliam-judy-johnson-memorial-unveiling-snow-hill%2F3600613002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Johnson&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBak1994" class="citation book cs1">Bak, Richard (1994). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turkeystearnesde00bakr"><i>Turkey Stearnes and the Detroit Stars: The Negro Leagues in Detroit, 1919-1933</i></a></span>. Wayne State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8143-2582-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8143-2582-3"><bdi>0-8143-2582-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turkey+Stearnes+and+the+Detroit+Stars%3A+The+Negro+Leagues+in+Detroit%2C+1919-1933&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-8143-2582-3&rft.aulast=Bak&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fturkeystearnesde00bakr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBankes2004" class="citation book cs1">Bankes, Jim (2004). <i>The Pittsburgh Crawfords</i>. McFarland Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7864-0992-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7864-0992-4"><bdi>0-7864-0992-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pittsburgh+Crawfords&rft.pub=McFarland+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7864-0992-4&rft.aulast=Bankes&rft.aufirst=Jim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBillus2002" class="citation book cs1">Billus, Kathleen (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/judyjohnson00billrich"><i>Judy Johnson</i></a></span>. Rosen Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8239-3476-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8239-3476-4"><bdi>0-8239-3476-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Judy+Johnson&rft.pub=Rosen+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-8239-3476-4&rft.aulast=Billus&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjudyjohnson00billrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreedman2007" class="citation book cs1">Freedman, Lew (2007). <i>African American Pioneers of Baseball: A Biographical Encyclopedia</i>. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33851-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33851-9"><bdi>978-0-313-33851-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=African+American+Pioneers+of+Baseball%3A+A+Biographical+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33851-9&rft.aulast=Freedman&rft.aufirst=Lew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudy+Johnson" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judy_Johnson&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Judy_Johnson" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Judy Johnson">Judy Johnson</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>Career statistics from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/player/818744">MLB</a>, or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/j/johnsju99.shtml">Baseball Reference</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/register/player.fcgi?id=johnso001jud">Baseball-Reference Black Baseball stats</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seamheads.com/NegroLgs/player.php?playerID=johns01jud">Seamheads</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://baseballhall.org/hall-of-famers/johnson-judy">Judy Johnson</a> at the <a href="/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum" title="National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum">Baseball Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/18833">Judy Johnson</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output 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style="color:#000000">Hilldale Club</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: #000000 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #DCDCDC, inset -2px -2px 0 #DCDCDC; !important;;"><div> <ul><li>Operated <b>1916–1932</b></li> <li>Based in <b><a href="/wiki/Darby,_Pennsylvania" title="Darby, Pennsylvania"><span style="color:#FFFFFF">Darby, Pennsylvania</span></a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000000 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #DCDCDC, inset -2px -2px 0 #DCDCDC; !important;;;width:1%">Franchise</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hilldale_Club_all-time_roster" title="Hilldale Club all-time roster">Players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hilldale_Club_seasons" title="List of Hilldale Club seasons">Seasons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000000 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #DCDCDC, inset -2px -2px 0 #DCDCDC; !important;;;width:1%">Ballparks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hilldale_Park" title="Hilldale Park">Hilldale Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000000 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #DCDCDC, inset -2px -2px 0 #DCDCDC; !important;;;width:1%">League affiliations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Colored_League" title="Eastern Colored League">Eastern Colored League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Negro_League" title="American Negro League">American Negro League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_League" title="East–West League">East–West League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000000 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #DCDCDC, inset -2px -2px 0 #DCDCDC; !important;;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum" title="National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum"><span style="color:#FFFFFF">Hall of Famers</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Charleston" title="Oscar Charleston">Oscar Charleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Dihigo" title="Martín Dihigo">Martín Dihigo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judy Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Lloyd" title="John Henry Lloyd">John Henry Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biz_Mackey" title="Biz Mackey">Biz Mackey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Santop" title="Louis Santop">Louis Santop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000000 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #DCDCDC, inset -2px -2px 0 #DCDCDC; !important;;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Negro_World_Series" title="Negro World Series"><span style="color:#FFFFFF">Colored World Series<br />championships</span></a> (1)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1925_Colored_World_Series" title="1925 Colored World Series">1925</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000000 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #DCDCDC, inset -2px -2px 0 #DCDCDC; !important;;;width:1%">League pennants (3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Eastern Colored League</b>: 1923</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Colored_World_Series" title="1924 Colored World Series">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925_Colored_World_Series" title="1925 Colored World Series">1925</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000000 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #DCDCDC, inset -2px -2px 0 #DCDCDC; !important;;;width:1%">Other play-off<br />appearances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1919</li> <li>1920</li> <li>1921</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #000000 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #DCDCDC, inset -2px -2px 0 #DCDCDC; !important;;;background-color: #DCDCDC !important; color: #000000 !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000000, inset -2px -2px 0 #000000; !important;;"><div id="Seasons_(17)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hilldale_Club_seasons" title="List of Hilldale Club seasons"><span style="color:#000000">Seasons</span></a> (17)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000000 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #DCDCDC, inset -2px -2px 0 #DCDCDC; !important;;;width:9em">1910s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;"> · 1910 · 1911 · 1912 · 1913 · 1914 · 1915</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1916_Hilldale_Club_season&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1916 Hilldale Club season (page does not exist)">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1917_Hilldale_Club_season&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1917 Hilldale Club season (page does not exist)">1917</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1918_Hilldale_Club_season&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1918 Hilldale Club season (page does not exist)">1918</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1919_Hilldale_Club_season&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1919 Hilldale Club season (page does not exist)">1919</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000000 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #DCDCDC, inset -2px -2px 0 #DCDCDC; !important;;;width:9em">1920s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1920_Hilldale_Club_season&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1920 Hilldale Club season (page does not exist)">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1921_Hilldale_Club_season" title="1921 Hilldale Club season">1921</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1922_Hilldale_Club_season&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1922 Hilldale Club season (page does not exist)">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_Hilldale_Club_season" title="1923 Hilldale Club season">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1924_Hilldale_Club_season&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1924 Hilldale Club season (page does not exist)">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925_Hilldale_Club_season" title="1925 Hilldale Club season">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1926_Hilldale_Club_season&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1926 Hilldale Club season (page does not exist)">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1927_Hilldale_Club_season&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1927 Hilldale Club season (page does not exist)">1927</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1928_Hilldale_Club_season&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1928 Hilldale Club season (page does not exist)">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1929_Hilldale_Club_season&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1929 Hilldale Club season (page does not exist)">1929</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #000000 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #DCDCDC, inset -2px -2px 0 #DCDCDC; !important;;;width:9em">1930s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1930_Hilldale_Club_season&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1930 Hilldale Club season (page does not exist)">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931_Hilldale_Club_season&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1931 Hilldale Club season (page does not exist)">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1932_Hilldale_Club_season&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1932 Hilldale Club season (page does not exist)">1932</a> <span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;"> · 1933 · 1934 · 1935 · 1936 · 1937 · 1938 · 1939</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color: #000000 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #DCDCDC, inset -2px -2px 0 #DCDCDC; !important;;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Hilldale_Club" title="Category:Hilldale Club"><span style="color:#FFFFFF">Category</span></a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hilldale_Club_1925_Colored_World_Series_champions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:maroon; color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1925_Hilldale_Club" title="Template:1925 Hilldale Club"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1925_Hilldale_Club" title="Template talk:1925 Hilldale Club"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1925_Hilldale_Club" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1925 Hilldale Club"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hilldale_Club_1925_Colored_World_Series_champions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hilldale_Club" title="Hilldale Club"><span style="color:white;">Hilldale Club</span></a> <a href="/wiki/1925_Colored_World_Series" title="1925 Colored World Series"><span style="color:white;">1925 Colored World Series</span></a> champions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Briggs" title="Otto Briggs">Otto Briggs</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bullet_Campbell" title="Bullet Campbell">Bullet Campbell</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Carr_(baseball)" title="George Carr (baseball)">George Carr</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Phil_Cockrell" title="Phil Cockrell">Phil Cockrell</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rube_Curry" title="Rube Curry">Rube Curry</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Johnson_(baseball)" title="George Johnson (baseball)">George Johnson</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judy Johnson</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Script_Lee" title="Script Lee">Script Lee</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Lewis_(baseball)" title="Joe Lewis (baseball)">Joe Lewis</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biz_Mackey" title="Biz Mackey">Biz Mackey</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Newt_Robinson" title="Newt Robinson">Newt Robinson</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Red_Ryan_(baseball)" title="Red Ryan (baseball)">Red Ryan</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Santop" title="Louis Santop">Louis Santop</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jake_Stephens" title="Jake Stephens">Jake Stephens</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clint_Thomas" title="Clint Thomas">Clint Thomas</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Warfield" title="Frank Warfield">Frank Warfield</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Namon_Washington" title="Namon Washington">Namon Washington</a></span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nip_Winters" title="Nip Winters">Nip Winters</a></span></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><span class="nowrap">Manager</span></dt> <dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Warfield" title="Frank Warfield">Frank Warfield</a></span></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_Class_of_1975" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1975_Baseball_HOF" title="Template:1975 Baseball HOF"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1975_Baseball_HOF" title="Template talk:1975 Baseball HOF"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1975_Baseball_HOF" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1975 Baseball HOF"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_Class_of_1975" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum" title="National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum">Baseball Hall of Fame</a> <a href="/wiki/1975_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_balloting" title="1975 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting">Class of 1975</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baseball_Writers%27_Association_of_America" title="Baseball Writers' Association of America">BBWAA Vote</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Kiner" title="Ralph Kiner">Ralph Kiner</a> (75.4%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Veterans_Committee" title="Veterans Committee">Veterans Committee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Averill" title="Earl Averill">Earl Averill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucky_Harris" title="Bucky Harris">Bucky Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Herman" title="Billy Herman">Billy Herman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum" title="National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum">Negro League Committee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judy Johnson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/J._G._Taylor_Spink_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="J. G. Taylor Spink Award">J. G. Taylor Spink Award</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Carmichael_(sportswriter)" title="John Carmichael (sportswriter)">John Carmichael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Isaminger" title="James Isaminger">James Isaminger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_members" title="Template:Baseball Hall of Fame members"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_members" title="Template talk:Baseball Hall of Fame members"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_members" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Baseball Hall of Fame members"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame" title="List of members of the Baseball Hall of Fame">Members</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum" title="National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum">National Baseball Hall of Fame</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pitchers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland_Alexander" title="Grover Cleveland Alexander">Alexander</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chief_Bender" title="Chief Bender">Bender</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bert_Blyleven" title="Bert Blyleven">Blyleven</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mordecai_Brown" title="Mordecai Brown">M. Brown</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Brown_(Negro_leagues_pitcher)" title="Ray Brown (Negro leagues pitcher)">R. Brown</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Bunning" title="Jim Bunning">Bunning</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Carlton" title="Steve Carlton">Carlton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Chesbro" title="Jack Chesbro">Chesbro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Clarkson" title="John Clarkson">Clarkson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andy_Cooper" title="Andy Cooper">Cooper</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stan_Coveleski" title="Stan Coveleski">Coveleski</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leon_Day" title="Leon Day">Day</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Dean" title="Dizzy Dean">Dean</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Dihigo" title="Martín Dihigo">Dihigo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Don_Drysdale" title="Don Drysdale">Drysdale</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Eckersley" title="Dennis Eckersley">Eckersley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Red_Faber" title="Red Faber">Faber</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Feller" title="Bob Feller">Feller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rollie_Fingers" title="Rollie Fingers">Fingers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Whitey_Ford" title="Whitey Ford">Ford</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Foster_(baseball)" title="Bill Foster (baseball)">B. Foster</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pud_Galvin" title="Pud Galvin">Galvin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Gibson" title="Bob Gibson">B. Gibson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Glavine" title="Tom Glavine">Glavine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lefty_Gomez" title="Lefty Gomez">Gomez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Goose_Gossage" title="Goose Gossage">Gossage</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burleigh_Grimes" title="Burleigh Grimes">Grimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lefty_Grove" title="Lefty Grove">Grove</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Haines" title="Jesse Haines">Haines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roy_Halladay" title="Roy Halladay">Halladay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Hoffman" title="Trevor Hoffman">Hoffman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Waite_Hoyt" title="Waite Hoyt">Hoyt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Hubbell" title="Carl Hubbell">Hubbell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Catfish_Hunter" title="Catfish Hunter">Hunter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ferguson_Jenkins" title="Ferguson Jenkins">Jenkins</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Randy_Johnson" title="Randy Johnson">R. Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Johnson" title="Walter Johnson">W. Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Addie_Joss" title="Addie Joss">Joss</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Kaat" title="Jim Kaat">Kaat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Keefe" title="Tim Keefe">Keefe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Koufax" title="Sandy Koufax">Koufax</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Lemon" title="Bob Lemon">Lemon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Lyons" title="Ted Lyons">Lyons</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greg_Maddux" title="Greg Maddux">Maddux</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Juan_Marichal" title="Juan Marichal">Marichal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rube_Marquard" title="Rube Marquard">Marquard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="Pedro Martínez">P. Martínez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christy_Mathewson" title="Christy Mathewson">Mathewson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_McGinnity" title="Joe McGinnity">McGinnity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_M%C3%A9ndez" title="José Méndez">Méndez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Morris" title="Jack Morris">Morris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Mussina" title="Mike Mussina">Mussina</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hal_Newhouser" title="Hal Newhouser">Newhouser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kid_Nichols" title="Kid Nichols">Nichols</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Phil_Niekro" title="Phil Niekro">Niekro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Satchel_Paige" title="Satchel Paige">Paige</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Palmer" title="Jim Palmer">Palmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Herb_Pennock" title="Herb Pennock">Pennock</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gaylord_Perry" title="Gaylord Perry">Perry</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Plank" title="Eddie Plank">Plank</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Radbourn" title="Charles Radbourn">Radbourn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rivera" title="Mariano Rivera">Rivera</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eppa_Rixey" title="Eppa Rixey">Rixey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robin_Roberts_(baseball)" title="Robin Roberts (baseball)">Roberts</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bullet_Rogan" title="Bullet Rogan">Rogan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Red_Ruffing" title="Red Ruffing">Ruffing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Amos_Rusie" title="Amos Rusie">Rusie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nolan_Ryan" title="Nolan Ryan">Ryan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Seaver" title="Tom Seaver">Seaver</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hilton_Smith" title="Hilton Smith">H. Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lee_Smith_(baseball)" title="Lee Smith (baseball)">L. Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Smoltz" title="John Smoltz">Smoltz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Spahn" title="Warren Spahn">Spahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Sutter" title="Bruce Sutter">Sutter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Don_Sutton" title="Don Sutton">Sutton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dazzy_Vance" title="Dazzy Vance">Vance</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rube_Waddell" title="Rube Waddell">Waddell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Walsh" title="Ed Walsh">Walsh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Welch" title="Mickey Welch">Welch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hoyt_Wilhelm" title="Hoyt Wilhelm">Wilhelm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Smokey_Joe_Williams" title="Smokey Joe Williams">J. Williams</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vic_Willis" title="Vic Willis">Willis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Early_Wynn" title="Early Wynn">Wynn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cy_Young" title="Cy Young">Young</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Catchers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Bench" title="Johnny Bench">Bench</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yogi_Berra" title="Yogi Berra">Berra</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Bresnahan" title="Roger Bresnahan">Bresnahan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roy_Campanella" title="Roy Campanella">Campanella</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Carter" title="Gary Carter">Carter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Cochrane" title="Mickey Cochrane">Cochrane</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Dickey" title="Bill Dickey">Dickey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Buck_Ewing" title="Buck Ewing">Ewing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rick_Ferrell" title="Rick Ferrell">Ferrell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carlton_Fisk" title="Carlton Fisk">Fisk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Josh_Gibson" title="Josh Gibson">J. Gibson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gabby_Hartnett" title="Gabby Hartnett">Hartnett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernie_Lombardi" title="Ernie Lombardi">Lombardi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biz_Mackey" title="Biz Mackey">Mackey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Mauer" title="Joe Mauer">Mauer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Piazza" title="Mike Piazza">Piazza</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Iv%C3%A1n_Rodr%C3%ADguez" title="Iván Rodríguez">Rodríguez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Santop" title="Louis Santop">Santop</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Schalk" title="Ray Schalk">Schalk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Simmons" title="Ted Simmons">T. Simmons</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">First basemen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cap_Anson" title="Cap Anson">Anson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bagwell" title="Jeff Bagwell">Bagwell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jake_Beckley" title="Jake Beckley">Beckley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Bottomley" title="Jim Bottomley">Bottomley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dan_Brouthers" title="Dan Brouthers">Brouthers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Cepeda" title="Orlando Cepeda">Cepeda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Chance" title="Frank Chance">Chance</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Connor" title="Roger Connor">Connor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jimmie_Foxx" title="Jimmie Foxx">Foxx</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lou_Gehrig" title="Lou Gehrig">Gehrig</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hank_Greenberg" title="Hank Greenberg">Greenberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Todd_Helton" title="Todd Helton">Helton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gil_Hodges" title="Gil Hodges">Hodges</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Kelly_(baseball)" title="George Kelly (baseball)">G. Kelly</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harmon_Killebrew" title="Harmon Killebrew">Killebrew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Buck_Leonard" title="Buck Leonard">Leonard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willie_McCovey" title="Willie McCovey">McCovey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fred_McGriff" title="Fred McGriff">McGriff</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mize" title="Johnny Mize">Mize</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Murray" title="Eddie Murray">Murray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_P%C3%A9rez" title="Tony Pérez">Pérez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Sisler" title="George Sisler">Sisler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mule_Suttles" title="Mule Suttles">Suttles</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Taylor_(first_baseman,_born_1888)" title="Ben Taylor (first baseman, born 1888)">Taylor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Terry" title="Bill Terry">Terry</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Thomas_(designated_hitter)" title="Frank Thomas (designated hitter)">Thomas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Thome" title="Jim Thome">Thome</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Second basemen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Alomar" title="Roberto Alomar">Alomar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Craig_Biggio" title="Craig Biggio">Biggio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rod_Carew" title="Rod Carew">Carew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Collins" title="Eddie Collins">E. Collins</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Doerr" title="Bobby Doerr">Doerr</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Evers" title="Johnny Evers">Evers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nellie_Fox" title="Nellie Fox">Fox</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frankie_Frisch" title="Frankie Frisch">Frisch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Gehringer" title="Charlie Gehringer">Gehringer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Gordon" title="Joe Gordon">Gordon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Herman" title="Billy Herman">Herman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Hornsby" title="Rogers Hornsby">Hornsby</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nap_Lajoie" title="Nap Lajoie">Lajoie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Lazzeri" title="Tony Lazzeri">Lazzeri</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Mazeroski" title="Bill Mazeroski">Mazeroski</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bid_McPhee" title="Bid McPhee">McPhee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Morgan" title="Joe Morgan">Morgan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Robinson" title="Jackie Robinson">J. Robinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ryne_Sandberg" title="Ryne Sandberg">Sandberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Red_Schoendienst" title="Red Schoendienst">Schoendienst</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Third basemen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Home_Run_Baker" title="Home Run Baker">Baker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adri%C3%A1n_Beltr%C3%A9" title="Adrián Beltré">Beltré</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wade_Boggs" title="Wade Boggs">Boggs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Brett" title="George Brett">Brett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Collins" title="Jimmy Collins">J. Collins</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Dandridge" title="Ray Dandridge">Dandridge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chipper_Jones" title="Chipper Jones">Jones</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Kell" title="George Kell">Kell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Freddie_Lindstrom" title="Freddie Lindstrom">Lindstrom</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Mathews" title="Eddie Mathews">Mathews</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Molitor" title="Paul Molitor">Molitor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brooks_Robinson" title="Brooks Robinson">B. Robinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scott_Rolen" title="Scott Rolen">Rolen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ron_Santo" title="Ron Santo">Santo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Schmidt" title="Mike Schmidt">Schmidt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pie_Traynor" title="Pie Traynor">Traynor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Deacon_White" title="Deacon White">D. White</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jud_Wilson" title="Jud Wilson">J. Wilson</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shortstops</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luis_Aparicio" title="Luis Aparicio">Aparicio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luke_Appling" title="Luke Appling">Appling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dave_Bancroft" title="Dave Bancroft">Bancroft</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernie_Banks" title="Ernie Banks">Banks</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lou_Boudreau" title="Lou Boudreau">Boudreau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Cronin" title="Joe Cronin">Cronin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Davis_(baseball)" title="George Davis (baseball)">Davis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Travis_Jackson" title="Travis Jackson">T. Jackson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hughie_Jennings" title="Hughie Jennings">Jennings</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Derek_Jeter" title="Derek Jeter">Jeter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Larkin" title="Barry Larkin">Larkin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Lloyd" title="John Henry Lloyd">Lloyd</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_Maranville" title="Rabbit Maranville">Maranville</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pee_Wee_Reese" title="Pee Wee Reese">Reese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cal_Ripken_Jr." title="Cal Ripken Jr.">Ripken Jr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Phil_Rizzuto" title="Phil Rizzuto">Rizzuto</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Sewell" title="Joe Sewell">Sewell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ozzie_Smith" title="Ozzie Smith">O. Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Tinker" title="Joe Tinker">Tinker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Trammell" title="Alan Trammell">Trammell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arky_Vaughan" title="Arky Vaughan">Vaughan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Honus_Wagner" title="Honus Wagner">Wagner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Wallace_(baseball)" title="Bobby Wallace (baseball)">Wallace</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Montgomery_Ward" title="John Montgomery Ward">Ward</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willie_Wells" title="Willie Wells">Wells</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robin_Yount" title="Robin Yount">Yount</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Left fielders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lou_Brock" title="Lou Brock">Brock</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Burkett" title="Jesse Burkett">Burkett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Clarke" title="Fred Clarke">Clarke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Delahanty" title="Ed Delahanty">Delahanty</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Goose_Goslin" title="Goose Goslin">Goslin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chick_Hafey" title="Chick Hafey">Hafey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rickey_Henderson" title="Rickey Henderson">Henderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Monte_Irvin" title="Monte Irvin">Irvin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Kelley" title="Joe Kelley">Kelley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Kiner" title="Ralph Kiner">Kiner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Heinie_Manush" title="Heinie Manush">Manush</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Medwick" title="Joe Medwick">Medwick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Minnie_Mi%C3%B1oso" title="Minnie Miñoso">Miñoso</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stan_Musial" title="Stan Musial">Musial</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_O%27Rourke_(baseball)" title="Jim O'Rourke (baseball)">O'Rourke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Raines" title="Tim Raines">Raines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Rice" title="Jim Rice">J. Rice</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Al_Simmons" title="Al Simmons">A. Simmons</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willie_Stargell" title="Willie Stargell">Stargell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zack_Wheat" title="Zack Wheat">Wheat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Williams" title="Billy Williams">B. Williams</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Williams" title="Ted Williams">T. Williams</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Yastrzemski" title="Carl Yastrzemski">Yastrzemski</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Center fielders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richie_Ashburn" title="Richie Ashburn">Ashburn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Earl_Averill" title="Earl Averill">Averill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cool_Papa_Bell" title="Cool Papa Bell">Bell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willard_Brown" title="Willard Brown">W. Brown</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Carey" title="Max Carey">Carey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Charleston" title="Oscar Charleston">Charleston</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ty_Cobb" title="Ty Cobb">Cobb</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Earle_Combs" title="Earle Combs">Combs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_DiMaggio" title="Joe DiMaggio">DiMaggio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Larry_Doby" title="Larry Doby">Doby</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Duffy" title="Hugh Duffy">Duffy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ken_Griffey_Jr." title="Ken Griffey Jr.">Griffey Jr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Hamilton_(baseball,_born_1866)" title="Billy Hamilton (baseball, born 1866)">Hamilton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pete_Hill" title="Pete Hill">Hill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Mantle" title="Mickey Mantle">Mantle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willie_Mays" title="Willie Mays">Mays</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kirby_Puckett" title="Kirby Puckett">Puckett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edd_Roush" title="Edd Roush">Roush</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Duke_Snider" title="Duke Snider">Snider</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tris_Speaker" title="Tris Speaker">Speaker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Turkey_Stearnes" title="Turkey Stearnes">Stearnes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Crist%C3%B3bal_Torriente" title="Cristóbal Torriente">Torriente</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Waner" title="Lloyd Waner">L. Waner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hack_Wilson" title="Hack Wilson">H. Wilson</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Right fielders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hank_Aaron" title="Hank Aaron">Aaron</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Clemente" title="Roberto Clemente">Clemente</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Crawford" title="Sam Crawford">Crawford</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kiki_Cuyler" title="Kiki Cuyler">Cuyler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andre_Dawson" title="Andre Dawson">Dawson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Flick" title="Elmer Flick">Flick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Guerrero" title="Vladimir Guerrero">Guerrero</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Gwynn" title="Tony Gwynn">Gwynn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Heilmann" title="Harry Heilmann">Heilmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Hooper" title="Harry Hooper">Hooper</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Reggie_Jackson" title="Reggie Jackson">R. Jackson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Al_Kaline" title="Al Kaline">Kaline</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willie_Keeler" title="Willie Keeler">Keeler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/King_Kelly" title="King Kelly">K. Kelly</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Klein" title="Chuck Klein">Klein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tommy_McCarthy_(baseball)" title="Tommy McCarthy (baseball)">T. McCarthy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Oliva" title="Tony Oliva">Oliva</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mel_Ott" title="Mel Ott">Ott</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Rice" title="Sam Rice">S. Rice</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Robinson" title="Frank Robinson">F. Robinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Babe_Ruth" title="Babe Ruth">Ruth</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Enos_Slaughter" title="Enos Slaughter">Slaughter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Thompson_(outfielder)" title="Sam Thompson (outfielder)">Thompson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Larry_Walker" title="Larry Walker">Walker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Waner" title="Paul Waner">P. Waner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dave_Winfield" title="Dave Winfield">Winfield</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ross_Youngs" title="Ross Youngs">Youngs</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Designated hitters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Baines" title="Harold Baines">Baines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="Edgar Martínez">E. Martínez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Ortiz" title="David Ortiz">Ortiz</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Managers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Alston" title="Walter Alston">Alston</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sparky_Anderson" title="Sparky Anderson">Anderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Cox" title="Bobby Cox">Cox</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leo_Durocher" title="Leo Durocher">Durocher</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rube_Foster" title="Rube Foster">R. Foster</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ned_Hanlon_(baseball)" title="Ned Hanlon (baseball)">Hanlon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bucky_Harris" title="Bucky Harris">Harris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Whitey_Herzog" title="Whitey Herzog">Herzog</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Miller_Huggins" title="Miller Huggins">Huggins</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_La_Russa" title="Tony La Russa">La Russa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Lasorda" title="Tommy Lasorda">Lasorda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Leyland" title="Jim Leyland">Leyland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Al_L%C3%B3pez" title="Al López">López</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Connie_Mack" title="Connie Mack">Mack</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_McCarthy_(baseball_manager)" title="Joe McCarthy (baseball manager)">J. McCarthy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_McGraw" title="John McGraw">McGraw</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_McKechnie" title="Bill McKechnie">McKechnie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wilbert_Robinson" title="Wilbert Robinson">W. Robinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Selee" title="Frank Selee">Selee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Southworth" title="Billy Southworth">Southworth</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Casey_Stengel" title="Casey Stengel">Stengel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Torre" title="Joe Torre">Torre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Earl_Weaver" title="Earl Weaver">Weaver</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dick_Williams" title="Dick Williams">D. Williams</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Executives<br />and pioneers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Barrow" title="Ed Barrow">Barrow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Bulkeley" title="Morgan Bulkeley">Bulkeley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Cartwright" title="Alexander Cartwright">Cartwright</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Chadwick_(writer)" title="Henry Chadwick (writer)">Chadwick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Happy_Chandler" title="Happy Chandler">Chandler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Comiskey" title="Charles Comiskey">Comiskey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Candy_Cummings" title="Candy Cummings">Cummings</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barney_Dreyfuss" title="Barney Dreyfuss">Dreyfuss</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bud_Fowler" title="Bud Fowler">Fowler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Frick" title="Ford Frick">Frick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Giles" title="Warren Giles">Giles</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pat_Gillick" title="Pat Gillick">Gillick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Grant_(baseball)" title="Frank Grant (baseball)">Grant</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clark_Griffith" title="Clark Griffith">Griffith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Will_Harridge" title="Will Harridge">Harridge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Hulbert" title="William Hulbert">Hulbert</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ban_Johnson" title="Ban Johnson">B. Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bowie_Kuhn" title="Bowie Kuhn">Kuhn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kenesaw_Mountain_Landis" title="Kenesaw Mountain Landis">Landis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Larry_MacPhail" title="Larry MacPhail">La. MacPhail</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lee_MacPhail" title="Lee MacPhail">Le. MacPhail</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Effa_Manley" title="Effa Manley">Manley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Miller" title="Marvin Miller">Miller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_O%27Malley" title="Walter O'Malley">O'Malley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Buck_O%27Neil" title="Buck O'Neil">O'Neil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alex_Pompez" title="Alex Pompez">Pompez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Posey" title="Cumberland Posey">Posey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Branch_Rickey" title="Branch Rickey">Rickey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Ruppert" title="Jacob Ruppert">Ruppert</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Schuerholz" title="John Schuerholz">Schuerholz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bud_Selig" title="Bud Selig">Selig</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Spalding" title="Albert Spalding">Spalding</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Veeck" title="Bill Veeck">Veeck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Weiss_(baseball)" title="George Weiss (baseball)">Weiss</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sol_White" title="Sol White">S. White</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/J._L._Wilkinson" title="J. L. Wilkinson">Wilkinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Wright_(sportsman)" title="George Wright (sportsman)">G. Wright</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Wright" title="Harry Wright">H. Wright</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Yawkey" title="Tom Yawkey">Yawkey</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umpires</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Al_Barlick" title="Al Barlick">Barlick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Chylak" title="Nestor Chylak">Chylak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jocko_Conlan" title="Jocko Conlan">Conlan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Connolly_(umpire)" title="Tom Connolly (umpire)">Connolly</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Evans" title="Billy Evans">Evans</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Doug_Harvey_(umpire)" title="Doug Harvey (umpire)">Harvey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cal_Hubbard" title="Cal Hubbard">Hubbard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Klem" title="Bill Klem">Klem</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_McGowan" title="Bill McGowan">McGowan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hank_O%27Day" title="Hank O'Day">O'Day</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5363111#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5363111#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5363111#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/294009076">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/354312/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n95035741">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6qw8wm5">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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