What is High Level Design? – Learn System Design

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High-level design focuses on the overall structure of the system rather than the low-level implementation details, making it a crucial step for developers, architects, and engineers to ensure the scalability, performance, and maintainability of a system.<\/p><h2>What is High-Level Design (HLD)?<\/h2><p><strong>High-Level Design (HLD)<\/strong> is the stage of the software development life cycle where the system's architecture and components are designed at a broad level. It aims to break down the system into major modules or components, specifying how they will interact and the data flow between them. HLD provides a blueprint of the system, showing how the system will be structured but without getting into the technical specifics of implementation.<\/p><p>HLD serves as a bridge between the requirements phase and the detailed design phase (low-level design). It is focused on the <strong>big picture<\/strong>, allowing all stakeholders to understand the system's architecture before delving into specific details.<\/p><h2>Key Features of High-Level Design<\/h2><ul><li><strong>Modular Breakdown<\/strong>: HLD breaks down the system into high-level modules and components, specifying their responsibilities and interactions.<\/li><li><strong>Data Flow<\/strong>: It defines how data flows within the system and between its components. Data flow diagrams (DFDs) are commonly used to represent this aspect in HLD.<\/li><li><strong>Architecture<\/strong>: HLD involves defining the system architecture, including choices for technologies, servers, and platforms, ensuring they align with the system's requirements.<\/li><li><strong>Integration<\/strong>: It specifies how the system components will interact with external systems, databases, and APIs, ensuring smooth integration and data exchange.<\/li><li><strong>Scalability and Performance<\/strong>: HLD outlines how the system will scale, ensuring that the architecture can handle future growth in terms of users, data, and features.<\/li><li><strong>Non-Functional Requirements<\/strong>: In addition to functional requirements, HLD addresses non-functional requirements like security, availability, and fault tolerance.<\/li><\/ul><h2>Key Components of High-Level Design<\/h2><ul><li><strong>System Architecture<\/strong>: The architecture defines the overall structure of the system, including components such as servers, databases, and services. It often specifies the choice of a monolithic or microservices-based approach.<\/li><li><strong>Data Flow Diagram (DFD)<\/strong>: A <strong>DFD<\/strong> illustrates how data flows between the various components of the system. It helps visualize the interactions between modules and the system's input and output.<\/li><li><strong>Component Design<\/strong>: In HLD, components are defined with an emphasis on their major functionality, inputs, and outputs. Each component should perform a specific function and be loosely coupled with other components.<\/li><li><strong>Database Design<\/strong>: Although detailed database design is usually a part of low-level design, HLD includes a rough outline of the database structure, such as the main entities, relationships, and data storage requirements.<\/li><li><strong>API Design<\/strong>: HLD may also involve designing APIs that will allow communication between different components or external systems.<\/li><li><strong>Security Architecture<\/strong>: High-level security considerations, such as user authentication, data encryption, and secure access controls, are outlined during this phase.<\/li><\/ul><h2>Why is High-Level Design Important?<\/h2><ul><li><strong>Clear Understanding<\/strong>: HLD provides a clear and concise overview of the system\u2019s architecture and components, helping both technical and non-technical stakeholders understand how the system will function.<\/li><li><strong>Early Detection of Issues<\/strong>: By breaking down the system at a high level, you can identify potential issues with the architecture or integration points before diving into the more complex low-level design.<\/li><li><strong>Guidance for Development<\/strong>: HLD provides guidance for developers by establishing a common understanding of how components interact, making it easier for them to work on individual modules while ensuring alignment with the overall architecture.<\/li><li><strong>Scalability and Maintainability<\/strong>: A well-thought-out HLD ensures that the system is scalable and maintainable in the long term by specifying the modular design and performance considerations early on.<\/li><li><strong>Helps in Documentation<\/strong>: High-level design documentation serves as a reference throughout the development and maintenance phases. It helps teams revisit the architecture when necessary and provides documentation for future developers.<\/li><\/ul><h2>Common Challenges in High-Level Design<\/h2><ul><li><strong>Over-Simplification<\/strong>: HLD is intended to be a high-level overview, but there is a risk of oversimplifying the system and missing key aspects that may become problems later in the detailed design phase.<\/li><li><strong>Lack of Detail<\/strong>: HLD is not meant to define every technical detail, but too little detail may leave ambiguity, making it harder for developers to translate the design into functional code.<\/li><li><strong>Alignment with Requirements<\/strong>: Ensuring that the HLD aligns with both the functional and non-functional requirements can sometimes be challenging, especially in complex systems.<\/li><li><strong>Handling Complexity<\/strong>: Large systems with many modules or services can make it difficult to maintain a clear and concise HLD. Ensuring clarity and managing complexity is critical during this phase.<\/li><\/ul><h2>Best Practices for High-Level Design<\/h2><ul><li><strong>Iterate the Design<\/strong>: HLD is not a one-time task; it should be iterated and refined as the project progresses. It\u2019s essential to gather feedback from stakeholders and make necessary adjustments.<\/li><li><strong>Keep It Simple<\/strong>: Although HLD involves breaking down the system into components, it should remain simple and understandable. Avoid diving into too many technical details at this stage.<\/li><li><strong>Focus on Key Components<\/strong>: Ensure that the most critical components of the system are clearly defined, such as databases, major services, and communication protocols.<\/li><li><strong>Document the Design<\/strong>: Create comprehensive documentation for the HLD, including diagrams, flowcharts, and descriptions of each component\u2019s function, so that it can be used as a reference throughout the development lifecycle.<\/li><li><strong>Involve Key Stakeholders<\/strong>: Collaborate with project managers, developers, business analysts, and other key stakeholders when creating the HLD. This ensures that the architecture meets the project\u2019s requirements and vision.<\/li><\/ul><h2>Why Learn High-Level Design?<\/h2><ul><li><strong>Critical for System Architecture<\/strong>: Understanding high-level design is crucial for anyone involved in system architecture or software engineering. It provides a clear roadmap for building complex systems.<\/li><li><strong>Foundation for Low-Level Design<\/strong>: High-level design is the first step toward detailed design. It sets the foundation for decisions regarding data modeling, component interactions, and implementation.<\/li><li><strong>Better Communication<\/strong>: High-level design documents and diagrams facilitate communication between teams and stakeholders, ensuring that everyone is aligned on the overall vision of the system.<\/li><li><strong>Scalable Systems<\/strong>: By considering scalability and performance at the high level, you ensure that your system can grow over time without requiring significant rework.<\/li><\/ul><h2>Topics Covered<\/h2><ul><li><strong>Introduction to High-Level Design<\/strong>: Learn the importance of high-level design in the system design process.<\/li><li><strong>Key Components of HLD<\/strong>: Explore the different components like system architecture, data flow diagrams, and component design.<\/li><li><strong>Why HLD is Important<\/strong>: Understand why high-level design is crucial for clear communication, scalability, and system integration.<\/li><li><strong>Best Practices and Challenges<\/strong>: Learn the best practices for creating effective HLD and the common challenges you might encounter.<\/li><\/ul><p>For more details, check out the full article on GeeksforGeeks: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/what-is-high-level-design-learn-system-design\/\\\">Introduction to High-Level Design<\/a>.<\/p>\",\"source\":\"https:\/\/cdnvideos.geeksforgeeks.org\/d6a9b9722a83a2a94fc7940bccdf4dd3gfg-HighLevelDesign2023050215312920241114173708\/video.m3u8\",\"category\":[{\"term_id__id\":34,\"term_id__term_name\":\"System Design\",\"term_id__term_type\":1,\"term_id__slug\":\"system-design\"},{\"term_id__id\":35,\"term_id__term_name\":\"System Design\",\"term_id__term_type\":2,\"term_id__slug\":\"system-design-vzglxm\"}],\"video_type\":\"courses\",\"meta\":{\"thumbnail\":\"https:\/\/media.geeksforgeeks.org\/courses\/IntroductiontoHighLevelDesign\/IntroductiontoHighLevelDesign20241114182827-small.png\",\"largeThumbnail\":\"https:\/\/media.geeksforgeeks.org\/courses\/IntroductiontoHighLevelDesign\/IntroductiontoHighLevelDesign20241114182827.jpg\",\"likes\":1,\"views\":2560,\"isFeatured\":0,\"isPremium\":0,\"isPublic\":1,\"format\":\"video\/mp4\",\"revision\":{}},\"time\":\"14\/11\/2024\",\"seo\":{\"description\":\"<p>In this tutorial, we will explore <strong>High-Level Design (HLD)<\/stron\",\"thumbnail\":\"https:\/\/media.geeksforgeeks.org\/courses\/IntroductiontoHighLevelDesign\/IntroductiontoHighLevelDesign20241114182827-seo.png\"},\"subtitle\":\"https:\/\/cdnvideos.geeksforgeeks.org\/d6a9b9722a83a2a94fc7940bccdf4dd3gfg-HighLevelDesign2023050215312920241114173708\/subtitle.vtt\",\"duration\":493,\"post_list\":[{\"post_id\":953552,\"post_title\":\"What is High Level Design \u2013 Learn System Design\"}],\"course_link\":\"https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/courses\/mastering-system-design-low-level-to-high-level-solutions\",\"views\":\"2560\",\"video_schema\":{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"VideoObject\",\"name\":\"Introduction to High Level Design\",\"description\":\"In this tutorial, we will explore High-Level Design (HLD), an essential phase in system design that provides an overview of the system architecture and outlines how different components of the system interact with each other. High-level design focuses on the overall structure of the system rather than the low-level implementation details, making it a crucial step for developers, architects, and engineers to ensure the scalability, performance, and maintainability of a system.What is High-Level Design (HLD)?High-Level Design (HLD) is the stage of the software development life cycle where the systems architecture and components are designed at a broad level. It aims to break down the system into major modules or components, specifying how they will interact and the data flow between them. HLD provides a blueprint of the system, showing how the system will be structured but without getting into the technical specifics of implementation.HLD serves as a bridge between the requirements phase and the detailed design phase (low-level design). It is focused on the big picture, allowing all stakeholders to understand the systems architecture before delving into specific details.Key Features of High-Level DesignModular Breakdown HLD breaks down the system into high-level modules and components, specifying their responsibilities and interactions.Data Flow It defines how data flows within the system and between its components. Data flow diagrams (DFDs) are commonly used to represent this aspect in HLD.Architecture HLD involves defining the system architecture, including choices for technologies, servers, and platforms, ensuring they align with the systems requirements.Integration It specifies how the system components will interact with external systems, databases, and APIs, ensuring smooth integration and data exchange.Scalability and Performance HLD outlines how the system will scale, ensuring that the architecture can handle future growth in terms of users, data, and features.Non-Functional Requirements In addition to functional requirements, HLD addresses non-functional requirements like security, availability, and fault tolerance.Key Components of High-Level DesignSystem Architecture The architecture defines the overall structure of the system, including components such as servers, databases, and services. It often specifies the choice of a monolithic or microservices-based approach.Data Flow Diagram (DFD) A DFD illustrates how data flows between the various components of the system. It helps visualize the interactions between modules and the systems input and output.Component Design In HLD, components are defined with an emphasis on their major functionality, inputs, and outputs. Each component should perform a specific function and be loosely coupled with other components.Database Design Although detailed database design is usually a part of low-level design, HLD includes a rough outline of the database structure, such as the main entities, relationships, and data storage requirements.API Design HLD may also involve designing APIs that will allow communication between different components or external systems.Security Architecture High-level security considerations, such as user authentication, data encryption, and secure access controls, are outlined during this phase.Why is High-Level Design Important?Clear Understanding HLD provides a clear and concise overview of the systems architecture and components, helping both technical and non-technical stakeholders understand how the system will function.Early Detection of Issues By breaking down the system at a high level, you can identify potential issues with the architecture or integration points before diving into the more complex low-level design.Guidance for Development HLD provides guidance for developers by establishing a common understanding of how components interact, making it easier for them to work on individual modules while ensuring alignment with the overall architecture.Scalability and Maintainability A well-thought-out HLD ensures that the system is scalable and maintainable in the long term by specifying the modular design and performance considerations early on.Helps in Documentation High-level design documentation serves as a reference throughout the development and maintenance phases. It helps teams revisit the architecture when necessary and provides documentation for future developers.Common Challenges in High-Level DesignOver-Simplification HLD is intended to be a high-level overview, but there is a risk of oversimplifying the system and missing key aspects that may become problems later in the detailed design phase.Lack of Detail HLD is not meant to define every technical detail, but too little detail may leave ambiguity, making it harder for developers to translate the design into functional code.Alignment with Requirements Ensuring that the HLD aligns with both the functional and non-functional requirements can sometimes be challenging, especially in complex systems.Handling Complexity Large systems with many modules or services can make it difficult to maintain a clear and concise HLD. Ensuring clarity and managing complexity is critical during this phase.Best Practices for High-Level DesignIterate the Design HLD is not a one-time task it should be iterated and refined as the project progresses. Its essential to gather feedback from stakeholders and make necessary adjustments.Keep It Simple Although HLD involves breaking down the system into components, it should remain simple and understandable. Avoid diving into too many technical details at this stage.Focus on Key Components Ensure that the most critical components of the system are clearly defined, such as databases, major services, and communication protocols.Document the Design Create comprehensive documentation for the HLD, including diagrams, flowcharts, and descriptions of each components function, so that it can be used as a reference throughout the development lifecycle.Involve Key Stakeholders Collaborate with project managers, developers, business analysts, and other key stakeholders when creating the HLD. This ensures that the architecture meets the projects requirements and vision.Why Learn High-Level Design?Critical for System Architecture Understanding high-level design is crucial for anyone involved in system architecture or software engineering. It provides a clear roadmap for building complex systems.Foundation for Low-Level Design High-level design is the first step toward detailed design. It sets the foundation for decisions regarding data modeling, component interactions, and implementation.Better Communication High-level design documents and diagrams facilitate communication between teams and stakeholders, ensuring that everyone is aligned on the overall vision of the system.Scalable Systems By considering scalability and performance at the high level, you ensure that your system can grow over time without requiring significant rework.Topics CoveredIntroduction to High-Level Design Learn the importance of high-level design in the system design process.Key Components of HLD Explore the different components like system architecture, data flow diagrams, and component design.Why HLD is Important Understand why high-level design is crucial for clear communication, scalability, and system integration.Best Practices and Challenges Learn the best practices for creating effective HLD and the common challenges you might encounter.For more details, check out the full article on GeeksforGeeks Introduction to High-Level Design.\",\"thumbnailUrl\":[\"https:\/\/media.geeksforgeeks.org\/courses\/IntroductiontoHighLevelDesign\/IntroductiontoHighLevelDesign20241114182827.jpg\",\"https:\/\/media.geeksforgeeks.org\/courses\/IntroductiontoHighLevelDesign\/IntroductiontoHighLevelDesign20241114182827-small.png\",\"https:\/\/media.geeksforgeeks.org\/courses\/IntroductiontoHighLevelDesign\/IntroductiontoHighLevelDesign20241114182827-seo.png\"],\"uploadDate\":\"2024-11-14T18:28:39Z\",\"duration\":\"PT0H8M13S\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/videos\/introduction-to-high-level-design\/\"}}"); </script>  <title>What is High Level Design? – Learn System Design - GeeksforGeeks</title> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11" /> <link rel="pingback" href="" />   <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"VideoObject","name":"Introduction to High Level Design","description":"In this tutorial, we will explore High-Level Design (HLD), an essential phase in system design that provides an overview of the system architecture and outlines how different components of the system interact with each other. High-level design focuses on the overall structure of the system rather than the low-level implementation details, making it a crucial step for developers, architects, and engineers to ensure the scalability, performance, and maintainability of a system.What is High-Level Design (HLD)?High-Level Design (HLD) is the stage of the software development life cycle where the systems architecture and components are designed at a broad level. It aims to break down the system into major modules or components, specifying how they will interact and the data flow between them. HLD provides a blueprint of the system, showing how the system will be structured but without getting into the technical specifics of implementation.HLD serves as a bridge between the requirements phase and the detailed design phase (low-level design). It is focused on the big picture, allowing all stakeholders to understand the systems architecture before delving into specific details.Key Features of High-Level DesignModular Breakdown HLD breaks down the system into high-level modules and components, specifying their responsibilities and interactions.Data Flow It defines how data flows within the system and between its components. Data flow diagrams (DFDs) are commonly used to represent this aspect in HLD.Architecture HLD involves defining the system architecture, including choices for technologies, servers, and platforms, ensuring they align with the systems requirements.Integration It specifies how the system components will interact with external systems, databases, and APIs, ensuring smooth integration and data exchange.Scalability and Performance HLD outlines how the system will scale, ensuring that the architecture can handle future growth in terms of users, data, and features.Non-Functional Requirements In addition to functional requirements, HLD addresses non-functional requirements like security, availability, and fault tolerance.Key Components of High-Level DesignSystem Architecture The architecture defines the overall structure of the system, including components such as servers, databases, and services. It often specifies the choice of a monolithic or microservices-based approach.Data Flow Diagram (DFD) A DFD illustrates how data flows between the various components of the system. It helps visualize the interactions between modules and the systems input and output.Component Design In HLD, components are defined with an emphasis on their major functionality, inputs, and outputs. Each component should perform a specific function and be loosely coupled with other components.Database Design Although detailed database design is usually a part of low-level design, HLD includes a rough outline of the database structure, such as the main entities, relationships, and data storage requirements.API Design HLD may also involve designing APIs that will allow communication between different components or external systems.Security Architecture High-level security considerations, such as user authentication, data encryption, and secure access controls, are outlined during this phase.Why is High-Level Design Important?Clear Understanding HLD provides a clear and concise overview of the systems architecture and components, helping both technical and non-technical stakeholders understand how the system will function.Early Detection of Issues By breaking down the system at a high level, you can identify potential issues with the architecture or integration points before diving into the more complex low-level design.Guidance for Development HLD provides guidance for developers by establishing a common understanding of how components interact, making it easier for them to work on individual modules while ensuring alignment with the overall architecture.Scalability and Maintainability A well-thought-out HLD ensures that the system is scalable and maintainable in the long term by specifying the modular design and performance considerations early on.Helps in Documentation High-level design documentation serves as a reference throughout the development and maintenance phases. It helps teams revisit the architecture when necessary and provides documentation for future developers.Common Challenges in High-Level DesignOver-Simplification HLD is intended to be a high-level overview, but there is a risk of oversimplifying the system and missing key aspects that may become problems later in the detailed design phase.Lack of Detail HLD is not meant to define every technical detail, but too little detail may leave ambiguity, making it harder for developers to translate the design into functional code.Alignment with Requirements Ensuring that the HLD aligns with both the functional and non-functional requirements can sometimes be challenging, especially in complex systems.Handling Complexity Large systems with many modules or services can make it difficult to maintain a clear and concise HLD. Ensuring clarity and managing complexity is critical during this phase.Best Practices for High-Level DesignIterate the Design HLD is not a one-time task it should be iterated and refined as the project progresses. Its essential to gather feedback from stakeholders and make necessary adjustments.Keep It Simple Although HLD involves breaking down the system into components, it should remain simple and understandable. Avoid diving into too many technical details at this stage.Focus on Key Components Ensure that the most critical components of the system are clearly defined, such as databases, major services, and communication protocols.Document the Design Create comprehensive documentation for the HLD, including diagrams, flowcharts, and descriptions of each components function, so that it can be used as a reference throughout the development lifecycle.Involve Key Stakeholders Collaborate with project managers, developers, business analysts, and other key stakeholders when creating the HLD. This ensures that the architecture meets the projects requirements and vision.Why Learn High-Level Design?Critical for System Architecture Understanding high-level design is crucial for anyone involved in system architecture or software engineering. It provides a clear roadmap for building complex systems.Foundation for Low-Level Design High-level design is the first step toward detailed design. It sets the foundation for decisions regarding data modeling, component interactions, and implementation.Better Communication High-level design documents and diagrams facilitate communication between teams and stakeholders, ensuring that everyone is aligned on the overall vision of the system.Scalable Systems By considering scalability and performance at the high level, you ensure that your system can grow over time without requiring significant rework.Topics CoveredIntroduction to High-Level Design Learn the importance of high-level design in the system design process.Key Components of HLD Explore the different components like system architecture, data flow diagrams, and component design.Why HLD is Important Understand why high-level design is crucial for clear communication, scalability, and system integration.Best Practices and Challenges Learn the best practices for creating effective HLD and the common challenges you might encounter.For more details, check out the full article on GeeksforGeeks Introduction to High-Level Design.","thumbnailUrl":["https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/courses/IntroductiontoHighLevelDesign/IntroductiontoHighLevelDesign20241114182827.jpg","https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/courses/IntroductiontoHighLevelDesign/IntroductiontoHighLevelDesign20241114182827-small.png","https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/courses/IntroductiontoHighLevelDesign/IntroductiontoHighLevelDesign20241114182827-seo.png"],"uploadDate":"2024-11-14T18:28:39Z","duration":"PT0H8M13S","contentUrl":"https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/videos/introduction-to-high-level-design/"}</script>   <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Article", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "id": "https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-high-level-design-learn-system-design/" }, "headline": "What is High Level Design? – Learn System Design", "datePublished": "2023-02-02 06:26:11", "dateModified": "2024-12-19 04:02:16", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/uploads/20230202105035/high-level-design-banner.png", "width": "1000", "height": "500" }, "author": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "GeeksforGeeks", "url": "https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/cdn-uploads/logo-new-2.svg", "width": "301", "height": "40" } }, "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "GeeksforGeeks", "url": "https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/cdn-uploads/logo-new-2.svg", "width": "301", "height": "40" } }, "description": "In Developing scalable applications, proper planning, and organization play a significant role. High-level design plays an important role in this process by serving as the blueprint of the system's architecture. 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tooltip"> <a class="three_dot_dropdown_inner_div Gnews_wrapper" href ='https://news.google.com/publications/CAAqBwgKMLTrzwsw44bnAw?hl=en-IN&gl=IN&ceid=IN%3Aen' target="_blank"> <img class="gfg-icon_Gnews no-zoom-in-cursor" src=https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/auth-dashboard-uploads/Google-news.svg loading="lazy" alt="News"></img> <span class='kebab_menu_news_text'>Follow</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text"> <p dir="ltr"><span>In Developing scalable applications, proper planning, and organization play a significant role. High-level design plays an important role in this process by serving as the blueprint of the system’s architecture. It provides a comprehensive view of how components interact and function together which will further help for detailed implementation.</span></p> <blockquote> <p dir="ltr"><span>Understanding high-level design is very crucial for developers, architects, and project managers because it allows them to make sure that all stakeholders are aligned with the project objectives. High-level design is also known as macro-level design.</span></p><div id="GFG_AD_gfg_mobile_336x280" style="margin: 5px 0;"></div> </blockquote> <div style="width: 810px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><img src="https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/uploads/20230202105035/high-level-design-banner.png" alt="What is High Level Design" width="1000" height="inherit"><p class="wp-caption-text">What is High-Level Design</p></div> <div id="table_of_content"> <p style="margin:4px; font-size:20px; font-weight:bold;">Table of Content</p> <ul> <li><a href="#what-is-highlevel-design">What is High-Level Design?</a></li> <li><a href="#components-of-highlevel-design">Components of High-Level Design</a></li> <li><a href="#what-is-highlevel-design-document">What is High-Level Design Document?</a></li> <li><a href="#purpose-and-characteristics-of-highlevel-design">Purpose and Characteristics of High-Level Design</a></li> <li><a href="#how-hld-is-different-from-lld">How HLD is different from LLD</a></li> <li><a href="#how-to-design-scalable-highlevel-design-hld-systems">How To Design Scalable High-level Design (HLD) Systems</a></li> <li><a href="#roadmap-to-learn-hld">Roadmap to learn HLD</a></li> </ul> </div> <h2 id="what-is-highlevel-design"><span>What is High-Level Design?</span></h2> <p dir="ltr"><span>High-Level Design is a initial step in development of applications where overall structure of a system is planned. High-Level design focuses mainly on how different components of the system work together without getting to know about internal coding and implementation. This helps everyone involving in the project to understand the goals and ensures good communication during development.</span></p> <div style="width: 810px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><img src="https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/cdn-uploads/20201120210648/Uber-System-Design-High-Level-Architecture.png" alt="Components of High-Level Design" width="inherit" height="inherit" loading="lazy"><p class="wp-caption-text">Components of High-Level Design</p></div> <h2 id="components-of-highlevel-design"><span>Components of High-Level Design</span></h2> <p dir="ltr"><span>Understanding the components of high-level design is very important for creating effective systems that meets user needs and technical requirements. Below are the main components of high-level design:</span></p> <ol> <li value="1"><b><strong>System Architecture: </strong></b><span>System architecture is an overview of the entire system which represents the structure and the relationships between various components. It helps to visually represent how different parts interact and function.</span></li> <li value="2"><b><strong>Modules and Components</strong></b><span>: High-Level design breaks down the systems into modules or components each with specific roles and responsibilities, and has a distinct function that contributes to entire system helping in developing an efficient system.</span></li> <li value="3"><b><strong>Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs)</strong></b><span>: Data Flow Diagrams demonstrates the data movement within the system. They help to understand how information is processed and handled. </span></li> <li value="4"><b><strong>Interface Design</strong></b><span>: This component focuses on how different modules communicate with one another. It details the application programming interfaces (APIs) and user interfaces necessary for seamless interaction between components. </span></li> <li value="5"><b><strong>Technology Stack</strong></b><span>: The technology stack are various technologies and tools that will be used in the development of the system. This includes programming languages, frameworks, databases. </span></li> <li value="6"><b><strong>Deployment Architecture</strong></b><span>: It includes how the system will be hosted and accessed. It includes server configurations, cloud infrastructure, and network considerations.</span></li> </ol> <h2 id="what-is-highlevel-design-document"><b><strong>What is High-Level</strong></b><span> Design</span><b><strong> Document?</strong></b></h2> <p dir="ltr"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-high-level-design-document/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>HLD document</span></a><span> consists of data flows, flowcharts, and data structures to help developers in understanding and implement how the current system is being designed intentionally to function. This document is responsible for explaining the connections between system components and operations which depict the logic. The architecture design needed (for the system’s functionality and flow) for each and every module of the system as per the functional requirements. </span></p> <h2 id="purpose-and-characteristics-of-highlevel-design"><b><strong>Purpose and Characteristics of High-Level Design</strong></b></h2> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: justify;"><span>The purpose of this High-Level Design (HLD) is to add the necessary detailed description to represent a suitable model. This is designed to help with operational requirements and will help to understand how the modules interact. Basically, HLD is a technical representation of functional requirements and the flow of information across components.</span><b><strong> </strong></b><span>Characteristics of High-Level Design include:</span></p><div id="GFG_AD_Desktop_InContent_ATF_336x280" style="text-align:center; max-height: 280px;"></div><div id="GFG_AD_gfg_mobile_336x280_1" style="margin: 5px 0;"></div> <ul> <li value="1"><span>A diagram representing each design aspect is included in the HLD (which is based on business requirements and anticipated results).</span></li> <li value="2"><span>Description of hardware, software interfaces, and also user interfaces.</span></li> <li value="3"><span>The workflow of the user’s typical process is detailed, along with performance specifications.</span></li> </ul> <h2 id="how-hld-is-different-from-lld"><b><strong>How HLD is different from LLD</strong></b></h2> <p dir="ltr"><span>High Level Design or HLD is a general system design where we do tradeoffs between different frameworks, components, and different databases and we choose the best considering what the business needs and how the system should work, both in terms of functional and non functional aspects. </span></p><div id="_GFG_ABP_Incontent_728x90" style="text-align:center;"></div> <p dir="ltr"><span>Whereas LLD(Low Level Design), translates the HLD into smaller and more specific details, It includes class diagrams, methods, data structures, and algorithms, focusing on how each part will be implemented. </span></p> <blockquote> <p dir="ltr"><b><strong>Further Read: </strong></b><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/difference-between-high-level-design-and-low-level-design/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Differences between High Level Design(HLD) and Low Level Design(LLD)</span></a></p> </blockquote> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: justify;"><span>After having an adequate understanding of HLD and how it is different from LLD. Let us now discuss the HLD roadmap, which is shown below as an infographic: </span></p> <h2 id="how-to-design-scalable-highlevel-design-hld-systems"><span>How To Design Scalable High-level Design (HLD) Systems</span></h2> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: justify;"><span>Now in order to design any high-level system, certain terms are listed in a sequential manner so as to connect the dots in order to understand, Roadmap is very important for working professionals because these help us to get a complete binding understanding of how services in real-time are getting scaled at a high level.</span></p> <div style="width: 810px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><img src="https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/uploads/20230202105034/Roadmap-HLD.png" alt="How To Design Scalable High-level Design (HLD) Systems" width="1000" height="inherit" loading="lazy"><p class="wp-caption-text">How To Design Scalable High-level Design (HLD) Systems</p></div> <h3 id="1-capacity-estimation"><b><strong>1. </strong></b><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/capacity-estimation-in-systems-design/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><b><strong>Capacity Estimation</strong></b></a></h3> <p dir="ltr"><span>Capacity estimation in system design involves predicting the resources (such as processing power, memory, and bandwidth) required to meet the expected workload. It ensures that a system can handle current and future demands efficiently, helping in the proper allocation of resources and preventing performance bottlenecks. </span></p><div style="text-align:center;margin:20px 0; max-height: 280px;" id="GFG_AD_gfg_outstream_incontent"></div> <p dir="ltr"><b><strong>For example:</strong></b></p> <blockquote> <p dir="ltr"><span>Twitter which is recently in newsfeeds these days, here at high-level designing we need to make sure tweets of popular influencers are reaching out to millions of people so how we need to scale our system so service should not be hampered. </span></p> </blockquote> <p dir="ltr"><span>We have also shown below the characteristics behavior of a server which is measured across throughput and latency within the system.</span></p> <div style="width: 810px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><img src="https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/uploads/20230202105032/Behavior-of-A-Server.png" alt="Comparison of Throughput and Latency with Concurrency : Behavior Of A Server" width="1000" height="inherit" loading="lazy"><p class="wp-caption-text">Comparison of Throughput and Latency with Concurrency : Behavior Of A Server</p></div> <h3 id="2-http-and-https-and-their-methods"><b><strong>2. HTTP and HTTPS and their methods</strong></b></h3> <p dir="ltr"><span>HTTP(HyperText Transfer Protocol), is used to transfer the data over the web, which enables the communication between clients and server, that helps user to requests resources like HTML pages, messages, videos or images while HTTPS(HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure) is an extension of HTTP which adds a extra layer of security through SSL/TLS encryption. Methods of HTTP include GET, PUT and POST.</span></p> <blockquote> <p dir="ltr"><b><strong>Tip:</strong></b><span> These are also important as per interview perceptive as constraint bounds in interviews in API over when to use what is very important. </span></p> </blockquote> <img src="https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/uploads/20191203183429/HTTP-Connection.png" width="inherit" height="inherit" loading="lazy"> <blockquote> <p dir="ltr"><b><strong>Tip:</strong></b><span> There are 2 ways to send data from server to client:</span></p> <ul> <li value="1"><span>Using Websockets</span></li> <li value="2"><span>Using Polling</span></li> </ul> </blockquote> <h3 id="3-web-sockets"><b><strong>3. </strong></b><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/websockets-in-microservices-architecture/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><b><strong>Web Sockets</strong></b></a></h3> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: justify;"><span>There are two way to send data from server to clients which are websockets and polling. In a </span><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/client-server-model/" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span>client-server architecture</span></a><span>, we are sending a request to server and server sends it back and so in this way communication takes place. But in designing the system biggest problem we face is whether we can implement the client-server model because we can not wait until the server responds. </span></p> <ul> <li value="1"><span>Here Web Sockets play a crucial role that solving problems and enabling us to have real-time communication. </span></li> <li value="2"><span>WebSocket is a full-duplex protocol as it allows the application to send and receive data at the same time.</span></li> <li value="3"><span>They are more or less used in every system to be designed because we can not let our system wait for a response. </span></li> <li value="4"><span>They are very useful in Real-time web applications, gaming applications, chat applications. </span></li> </ul> <div style="width: 810px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><img src="https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/uploads/20231218174104/WebSocket-Connection.png" alt="WebSocket-Connection" width="581" height="236" srcset="https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/uploads/20231218174104/WebSocket-Connection.png 581w,https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/uploads/20231218174104/WebSocket-Connection-100.png 100w,https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/uploads/20231218174104/WebSocket-Connection-200.png 200w,https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/uploads/20231218174104/WebSocket-Connection-300.png 300w" loading="lazy"><p class="wp-caption-text">WebSocket Connection</p></div> <h3 id="4-polling"><b><strong>4. </strong></b><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/polling-in-system-design/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><b><strong>Polling</strong></b></a></h3> <p dir="ltr"><span>Another way of sending and receiving data from a server just likely as we do we doing above in the case of web sockets Polling. There are mainly 2 types of polling:</span></p> <ul> <li value="1"><b><strong>In short polling</strong></b><span>, we sent the request. In short polling, the client sends a request to the server and the server immediately sends data at fixed intervals whether the data is updated or not. </span></li> <li value="2"><b><strong>In long polling</strong></b><span>, the server waits for the client’s request to respond and responds only and only if some new data is available or if some data is being updated. </span></li> </ul> <div style="width: 810px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><img src="https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/uploads/20230202105031/Short-polling-vs-long-Polling.png" alt="Short polling vs long polling " width="1000" height="inherit" loading="lazy"><p class="wp-caption-text">Short polling vs long polling </p></div> <blockquote> <p dir="ltr"><b><strong>Tip:</strong></b><span> Long polling is preferred</span><b><strong> </strong></b><span>over short polling because lesser number of requests are sent in a system.</span></p> </blockquote> <h3 id="5-serversent-eventssse"><b><strong>5. Server-Sent Events(SSE)</strong></b></h3> <p dir="ltr"><span>It is purposely built as one-way communication from servers to clients in specific design systems. SSE is a technology that helps to push real-time updates from the server to the clients over HTTP connection. SSE enables server to send data automatically as it becomes available.</span><b><strong> </strong></b><span>Example of SSE include real-time streaming.</span></p> <div style="width: 810px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><img src="https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/uploads/20230202105030/Server-Sent-Events-(SSE).png" alt="Server-Sent Events(SSE)" width="1000" height="inherit" loading="lazy"><p class="wp-caption-text">Server-Sent Events(SSE)</p></div> <h3 id="6-rate-limiting"><b><strong>6. </strong></b><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/rate-limiting-in-system-design/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><b><strong>Rate limiting</strong></b></a></h3> <p dir="ltr"><span>A rate limiter restricts the number of events that can be done in a timeframe by restricting the number of requests a sender can send in a given period of time. Here once the threshold limit is reached now further it blocks the incoming requests as can be seen below media as follows:</span></p> <div style="width: 810px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><img src="https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/uploads/20230202105033/rate-limiter.png" alt="Rate limiting" width="1000" height="inherit" loading="lazy"><p class="wp-caption-text">Rate limiting</p></div> <h3 id="7-resiliency"><b><strong>7. </strong></b><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/resilient-system-system-design/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><b><strong>Resiliency</strong></b></a></h3> <p dir="ltr"><span>No matter how great a system we design there is always a chance of faults and failure which could be because of hardware issues or software issues(such as running low on memory) or there can be some human error. In such cases we need to provide resiliency through replication, redundancy and availability.</span></p> <blockquote> <p dir="ltr"><b><strong>Note:</strong></b><span> System design interviews starts with open ended designing a specific system which later is bounded with constraints at multiple levels. In order to clear dealing with these bounds in layman language is known as resiliency via implementing common tradeoff in the system. Hence providing resiliency is very crucial in designing complex system designs and also in clearing interviews. </span></p> </blockquote> <h3 id="8-paging"><b><strong>8. Paging</strong></b></h3> <p dir="ltr"><span>Paging in High-Level Design (HLD) refers to the method of dividing large datasets or content into smaller, manageable pages. This approach improves user experience by allowing users to load data incrementally, reducing initial load times and enhancing performance.</span></p> <div style="width: 810px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><img src="https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/uploads/20230202105030/Paging-and-Filtering-Data.png" alt="Paging" width="1000" height="inherit" loading="lazy"><p class="wp-caption-text">Paging</p></div> <h3 id="9-logging"><b><strong>9. Logging</strong></b></h3> <p dir="ltr"><span>A log file records details of events occurring in a software application. The details may consist of microservices, transactions, service actions, or anything helpful to debug the flow of an event in the system. Logging is crucial to monitor the application’s flow. This can also be useful for tracking the health and performance of a distributed system, as well as for debugging issues that may arise. There are several approaches to implementing distributed logging, including:</span></p> <ul> <li value="1"><span>Using a </span><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/centralized-logging-systems-system-design/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>centralized logging service</span></a></li> <li value="2"><span>Using a </span><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/distributed-logging-for-microservices/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>distributed logging system</span></a></li> <li value="3"><span>Using a cloud-based logging service</span></li> </ul> <h2 id="roadmap-to-learn-hld"><u><span class="GFGEditorTheme__textUnderline">Roadmap to learn HLD</span></u></h2> <h2 id="1-basics-of-hld"><span>1. Basics of HLD</span></h2> <ul> <li value="1"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/difference-between-high-level-design-and-low-level-design/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Difference between HLD and LLD</span></a></li> <li value="2"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-the-goal-of-high-level-designhld/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>What is the goal of High-Level Design(HLD)?</span></a></li> </ul> <h2 id="2-core-components-of-hld"><span>2. Core Components of HLD</span></h2> <ul> <li value="1"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-load-balancer-system-design/" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span>Load Balancer</span></a></li> <li value="2"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-content-delivery-networkcdn-in-system-design/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Content Delivery Network(CDN)</span></a></li> <li value="3"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/caching-system-design-concept-for-beginners/" rel="noopener"><span>Caching in System Design</span></a></li> <li value="4"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-api-gateway-system-design/" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span>What is API Gateway</span></a></li> <li value="5"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/message-queues-system-design/" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span>Message Queues</span></a></li> <li value="6"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/consistent-hashing/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Consistent Hashing</span></a></li> <li value="7"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/communication-protocols-in-system-design/" rel="noopener"><span>Communication Protocols</span></a></li> <li value="8"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/network-protocols-and-proxies-in-system-design/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Network Protocols and Proxies</span></a></li> </ul> <h2 id="3-design-principles-for-hld"><span>3. Design Principles for HLD</span></h2> <ul> <li value="1"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-scalability-and-how-to-achieve-it-learn-system-design/" rel="noopener"><span>Scalability and How to achieve it</span></a></li> <li value="2"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/availability-in-system-design/" rel="noopener"><span>Availability in System Design</span></a></li> <li value="3"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/consistency-in-system-design/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Consistency in System Design</span></a></li> <li value="4"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/reliability-in-system-design/" rel="noopener"><span>Reliability in System Design</span></a></li> <li value="5"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/fault-tolerance-in-system-design/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Fault Tolerance in System Design</span></a></li> <li value="6"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/cap-theorem-in-system-design/" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span>CAP Theorem</span></a></li> <li value="7"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/optimization-techniques-for-system-design/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Performance Optimization Techniques for System Design</span></a></li> <li value="8"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/how-to-draw-high-level-design-diagram/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>How to Draw High Level Design Diagram?</span></a></li> </ul> <h2 id="4-types-of-hld-diagrams"><span>4. Types of HLD Diagrams</span></h2> <ul> <li value="1"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/component-based-diagram/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Component Based Diagram</span></a></li> <li value="2"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/unified-modeling-language-uml-sequence-diagrams/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Sequence Diagrams</span></a></li> <li value="3"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-dfddata-flow-diagram/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>What is DFD(Data Flow Diagram)?</span></a></li> <li value="4"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/deployment-diagram-unified-modeling-languageuml/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Deployment Diagram</span></a></li> </ul> <h2 id="5-architectures-and-patterns"><span>5. Architectures and Patterns</span></h2> <ul> <li value="1"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/monolithic-architecture-system-design/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Monolithic Architecture</span></a></li> <li value="2"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/microservices/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Microservices Architecture</span></a></li> <li value="3"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/event-driven-architecture-system-design/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Event-Driven Architecture</span></a></li> <li value="4"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/client-server-architecture-system-design/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Client-Server Architecture</span></a></li> <li value="5"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/peer-to-peer-p2p-architecture/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Architecture</span></a></li> <li value="6"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/serverless-architectures/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Serverless Architecture</span></a></li> <li value="7"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-circuit-breaker-pattern-in-microservices/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Circuit Breaker Pattern</span></a></li> <li value="8"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/event-sourcing-pattern/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Event Sourcing Pattern</span></a></li> <li value="9"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/cqrs-command-query-responsibility-segregation/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>CQRS Design Pattern</span></a></li> </ul> <h2 id="6-interview-preparation-for-hld"><span>6. Interview Preparation for HLD</span></h2> <ul> <li value="1"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/how-to-crack-system-design-round-in-interviews/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>How to Crack System Design Interview Round?</span></a></li> <li value="2"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/top-high-level-designhld-interview-questions-2024/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Top High-Level Design(HLD) Interview Questions 2024</span></a></li> </ul> <p dir="ltr"></p> <br/><div id="AP_G4GR_6"></div>  <div class='article_bottom_text'></div><br> <div id="video-tab-content" class="video-tab-content"> <div style="text-align: center; margin: 20px 0px;" id="GFG_AD_InContent_Desktop_728x280"></div> </div> <div class="d-row content-bw "style="margin-top: 20px;"> <div class="article-pgnavi_prev"><div class="comment_div" data-title="Comments"><button class="author_footer_btn" data-gfg-action="loadComments"> <div class='discussion_panel'> <i class='discussion_button'> </i> Comment </div></button></div><div class="trigger-div"><button class="author_footer_btn"><div class="more_info">More info<span class="more_info_uparrow gfg-icon gfg-icon_arrow-down-thin"></span></div></button></div> <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/about/contact-us/?listicles" target="_blank" class="advertise-with-us-div"><button class="advertise-with-us-btn"><span class="advertise-with-us-text">Advertise with us</span></button></a> </div> <div class="article-pgnavi_next"> <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/difference-between-high-level-design-and-low-level-design/?ref=next_article" class="pg-head"> <span>Next Article</span> <span class="gfg-icon gfg-icon_next"></span> </a>  <div class="pg-main"> <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/difference-between-high-level-design-and-low-level-design/?ref=next_article">Difference between High Level Design(HLD) and Low Level Design(LLD)</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="more-info hidden-div"> <div class="article-meta-author-details "> <div class="article-meta-author-details-block"> <div class="article-meta-author-details-profile-display"> <div class="author_info"> <div class="article-meta-author-details-profile-display-icon"> <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/user/solankimayank/contributions/?itm_source=geeksforgeeks&itm_medium=article_author&itm_campaign=auth_user" style="text-decoration: none;"><div class="image-wrap" style="position: relative"><img src="https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/auth/profile/ldyryp418hwx1nw5rdv5" class="avatarprofile_image restrict-popup-gfg" alt="author"> <div style="position: absolute;top: -35px; 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