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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terbaru</span></a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik"><span>Artikel pilihan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini"><span>Peristiwa terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru"><span>Halaman baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Halaman sembarang</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi"><span>Warung Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan."><span>Bantuan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar"><span>Pancapilar</span></a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman"><span>Kebijakan</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir"><span>Bak pasir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pencarian</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id" class=""><span>Menyumbang</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Bahasa+polisentris" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Bahasa+polisentris" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Bahasa+polisentris" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Bahasa+polisentris" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Catatan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Referensi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Catatan_kaki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan_kaki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Catatan kaki</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan_kaki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Daftar_pustaka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daftar_pustaka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Daftar pustaka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daftar_pustaka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacaan_lebih_lanjut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacaan_lebih_lanjut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Bacaan lebih lanjut</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacaan_lebih_lanjut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bahasa polisentris</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 36 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plurisentriese_taal" title="Plurisentriese taal – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Plurisentriese taal" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لغة متعددة المركزية – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغة متعددة المركزية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluarizentrische_Schbrochn" title="Pluarizentrische Schbrochn – Bavaria" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Pluarizentrische Schbrochn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Плурицентричен език – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Плурицентричен език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezh_lieskreizennek" title="Yezh lieskreizennek – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yezh lieskreizennek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llengua_pluric%C3%A8ntrica" title="Llengua pluricèntrica – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llengua pluricèntrica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycentrick%C3%BD_jazyk" title="Polycentrický jazyk – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Polycentrický jazyk" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plurizentrische_Sprache" title="Plurizentrische Sprache – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Plurizentrische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluricentric_language" title="Pluricentric language – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pluricentric language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_pluric%C3%A9ntrico" title="Idioma pluricéntrico – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma pluricéntrico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%86%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زبان چندکانونی – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان چندکانونی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langue_pluricentrique" title="Langue pluricentrique – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langue pluricentrique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="बहुकेन्द्रीय भाषा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बहुकेन्द्रीय भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policentri%C4%8Dni_standardni_jezik" title="Policentrični standardni jezik – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Policentrični standardni jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A4%87%E6%95%B0%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E5%9C%B0%E8%A8%80%E8%AA%9E" title="複数中心地言語 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="複数中心地言語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_pluris%C3%A8ntris" title="Basa plurisèntris – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa plurisèntris" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%A4%91%EC%8B%AC%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4" title="다중심언어 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="다중심언어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_pluricentrica" title="Lingua pluricentrica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua pluricentrica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Полицентричен јазик – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Полицентричен јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%A4_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ബഹുകേന്ദ്രീകൃത ഭാഷ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബഹുകേന്ദ്രീകൃത ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluricentrische_taal" title="Pluricentrische taal – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pluricentrische taal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyki_pluricentryczne" title="Języki pluricentryczne – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Języki pluricentryczne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_pluric%C3%AAntrica" title="Língua pluricêntrica – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua pluricêntrica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Плюрицентрический язык – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Плюрицентрический язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_pluritzentrica" title="Limba pluritzentrica – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba pluritzentrica" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincuaggiu_pluric%C3%A8ntricu" title="Lincuaggiu pluricèntricu – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lincuaggiu pluricèntricu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policentri%C4%8Dni_standardni_jezik" title="Policentrični standardni jezik – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Policentrični standardni jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluricentrick%C3%BD_jazyk" title="Pluricentrický jazyk – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pluricentrický jazyk" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_policentrike" title="Gjuha policentrike – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha policentrike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Полицентрични језик – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Полицентрични језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluricentriskt_spr%C3%A5k" title="Pluricentriskt språk – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pluricentriskt språk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="ภาษาพหุศูนย์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาพหุศูนย์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plurisentrikong_wika" title="Plurisentrikong wika – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Plurisentrikong wika" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ok_merkezli_dil" title="Çok merkezli dil – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çok merkezli dil" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Плюрицентрична мова – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Плюрицентрична мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="多中心語言 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="多中心語言" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q250858#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_polisentris" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Bahasa_polisentris" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div 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id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_polisentris&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_polisentris"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_polisentris&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_polisentris&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_polisentris&action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Bahasa_polisentris" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Bahasa_polisentris" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_polisentris&oldid=24798354" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_polisentris&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Bahasa_polisentris&id=24798354&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBahasa_polisentris"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBahasa_polisentris"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Bahasa+polisentris"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Bahasa_polisentris&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_polisentris&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q250858" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><p><b>Bahasa polisentris</b> (juga disebut <b>bahasa plurisentris</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> adalah suatu <a href="/wiki/Bahasa" title="Bahasa">bahasa</a> dengan beberapa <a href="/wiki/Ragam_bahasa" title="Ragam bahasa">ragam bahasa</a> baku resmi karena adanya perbedaan <a href="/wiki/Budaya" title="Budaya">budaya</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Politik" title="Politik">politik</a> yang umum di <a href="/wiki/Negara" title="Negara">negara</a>-negara yang pernah berhubungan dalam <a href="/wiki/Sejarah" title="Sejarah">sejarah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStewart1968534_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStewart1968534-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKloss196731_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKloss196731-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClyne19921_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClyne19921-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contohnya seperti perbedaan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Mandarin" title="Bahasa Mandarin">bahasa Mandarin</a> baku di <a href="/wiki/Tiongkok_Daratan" title="Tiongkok Daratan">Tiongkok Daratan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Singapura" title="Singapura">Singapura</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">Bahasa Inggris</a> di <a href="/wiki/Britania_Raya" title="Britania Raya">Britania Raya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, dan beberapa negara lainnya; <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Prancis" title="Bahasa Prancis">Bahasa Prancis</a> di <a href="/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis">Prancis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swiss" title="Swiss">Swiss</a>, dan beberapa negara lainnya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClyne19921–3_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClyne19921–3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kasus sebaliknya adalah bahasa monosentris, yang hanya memiliki satu ragam baku resmi, contohnya seperti <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Jepang" title="Bahasa Jepang">bahasa Jepang</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Vietnam" title="Bahasa Vietnam">bahasa Vietnam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClyne19923_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClyne19923-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam beberapa kasus, beberapa ragam baku yang berbeda dari bahasa polisentris dapat diakui menjadi bahasa turunan yang terpisah, seperti <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Indonesia" title="Bahasa Indonesia">bahasa Indonesia</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Malaysia">bahasa Malaysia</a> yang diturunkan dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Melayu" title="Bahasa Melayu">bahasa Melayu</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Hindi" title="Bahasa Hindi">Bahasa Hindi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Urdu" title="Bahasa Urdu">bahasa Urdu</a> yang diturunkan dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Hindustani" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Hindustani">bahasa Hindustani</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClyne19923_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClyne19923-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Serbia" title="Bahasa Serbia">Bahasa Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Kroasia" title="Bahasa Kroasia">bahasa Kroasia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Bosnia" title="Bahasa Bosnia">bahasa Bosnia</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Montenegro" title="Bahasa Montenegro">bahasa Montenegro</a> yang diturunkan dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Serbo-Kroasia" title="Bahasa Serbo-Kroasia">bahasa Serbo-Kroasia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClyne19923_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClyne19923-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_polisentris&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_polisentris&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18261910">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width:30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_baku" title="Bahasa baku">Bahasa baku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basantara" title="Basantara">Basantara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialek" title="Dialek">Dialek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diglosia" title="Diglosia">Diglosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digrafia" title="Digrafia">Digrafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laras_bahasa" title="Laras bahasa">Laras bahasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesalingpahaman" title="Kesalingpahaman">Kesalingpahaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesinambungan_dialek" title="Kesinambungan dialek">Kesinambungan dialek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragam_bahasa" title="Ragam bahasa">Ragam bahasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regiolek" title="Regiolek">Regiolek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varietas_bahasa" title="Varietas bahasa">Varietas bahasa</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catatan">Catatan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_polisentris&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Catatan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_polisentris&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Catatan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Serapan dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani" title="Bahasa Yunani">bahasa Yunani</a>: <i>poli</i> berarti "banyak"; <i>sentris</i> berarti "pusat"; sedangkan <i>pluri</i> (juga berarti "banyak") diserap dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin">bahasa Latin</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_polisentris&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_polisentris&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catatan_kaki">Catatan kaki</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_polisentris&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Catatan kaki" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_polisentris&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Catatan kaki"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18833634"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStewart1968534-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStewart1968534_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStewart1968">Stewart 1968</a>, hlm. 534.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKloss196731-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKloss196731_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKloss1967">Kloss 1967</a>, hlm. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClyne19921-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClyne19921_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClyne1992">Clyne 1992</a>, hlm. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClyne19921–3-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClyne19921–3_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClyne1992">Clyne 1992</a>, hlm. 1–3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClyne19923-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClyne19923_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClyne19923_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClyne19923_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClyne1992">Clyne 1992</a>, hlm. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Snje%C5%BEana_Kordi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Snježana Kordić (halaman belum tersedia)">Kordić, Snježana</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/69f5WqGAx?url=http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/429734.LA_LANGUE_CROATE_SERBE.PDF">"La langue croate, serbe, bosniaque et monténégrine"</a> [Croatian, Serbian, Bosniakian, and Montenegrin] <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Dalam Madelain, Anne. <i>Au sud de l'Est</i>. vol. 3 (dalam bahasa Prancis). Paris: Non Lieu. hlm. 71–78. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-2-35270-036-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-2-35270-036-4">978-2-35270-036-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/182916790">182916790</a>. <a href="/wiki/Social_Science_Research_Network" title="Social Science Research Network">SSRN</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//ssrn.com/abstract=3439662">3439662</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:CROSBI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:CROSBI (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:CROSBI</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/429734.LA_LANGUE_CROATE_SERBE.PDF">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 4 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=La+langue+croate%2C+serbe%2C+bosniaque+et+mont%C3%A9n%C3%A9grine&rft.btitle=Au+sud+de+l%27Est&rft.place=Paris&rft.series=vol.+3&rft.pages=71-78&rft.pub=Non+Lieu&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F182916790&rft_id=%2F%2Fssrn.com%2Fabstract%3D3439662&rft.isbn=978-2-35270-036-4&rft.aulast=Kordi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Snje%C5%BEana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbib.irb.hr%2Fdatoteka%2F429734.LA_LANGUE_CROATE_SERBE.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+polisentris" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Daftar_pustaka">Daftar pustaka</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_polisentris&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Daftar pustaka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_polisentris&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Daftar pustaka"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r21093234">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Annamalai, E. (1992). "Chinese as a pluricentric language". Dalam Clyne, Michael G. <i>Pluricentric Languages: Differing Norms in Different Nations</i>. Walter de Gruyter. hlm. 305–324. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-11-012855-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-11-012855-0">978-3-11-012855-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chinese+as+a+pluricentric+language&rft.btitle=Pluricentric+Languages%3A+Differing+Norms+in+Different+Nations&rft.pages=305-324&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-3-11-012855-0&rft.aulast=Annamalai&rft.aufirst=E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+polisentris" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Abd-el-Jawad, Hassan R.S. (1992). "Is Arabic a pluricentric language?". Dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Clyne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Clyne (halaman belum tersedia)">Clyne, Michael G.</a> <i>Pluricentric Languages: Differing Norms in Different Nations</i>. Contributions to the sociology of language 62. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter. hlm. 261–303. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/3-11-012855-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/3-11-012855-1">3-11-012855-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Is+Arabic+a+pluricentric+language%3F&rft.btitle=Pluricentric+Languages%3A+Differing+Norms+in+Different+Nations&rft.place=Berlin+%26+New+York&rft.series=Contributions+to+the+sociology+of+language+62&rft.pages=261-303&rft.pub=Mouton+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=3-11-012855-1&rft.aulast=Abd-el-Jawad&rft.aufirst=Hassan+R.S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+polisentris" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Ammon, Ulrich (1995). <i>Die deutsche Sprache in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz: das Problem der nationalen Varietäten</i> [<i>German Language in Germany, Austria and Switzerland: The Problem of National Varieties</i>] (dalam bahasa Jerman). Berlin & New York: Walter de Gruyter. hlm. 575. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/3-11-014753-X" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/3-11-014753-X">3-11-014753-X</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/33981055">33981055</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+deutsche+Sprache+in+Deutschland%2C+%C3%96sterreich+und+der+Schweiz%3A+das+Problem+der+nationalen+Variet%C3%A4ten&rft.place=Berlin+%26+New+York&rft.pages=575&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F33981055&rft.isbn=3-11-014753-X&rft.aulast=Ammon&rft.aufirst=Ulrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+polisentris" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Blum, Daniel (2002). <i>Sprache und Politik : Sprachpolitik und Sprachnationalismus in der Republik Indien und dem sozialistischen Jugoslawien (1945-1991)</i> [<i>Language and Policy: Language Policy and Linguistic Nationalism in the Republic of India and the Socialist Yugoslavia (1945-1991)</i>]. Beiträge zur Südasienforschung ; vol. 192 (dalam bahasa Jerman). Würzburg: Ergon. hlm. 200. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/3-89913-253-X" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/3-89913-253-X">3-89913-253-X</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/51961066">51961066</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sprache+und+Politik+%3A+Sprachpolitik+und+Sprachnationalismus+in+der+Republik+Indien+und+dem+sozialistischen+Jugoslawien+%281945-1991%29&rft.place=W%C3%BCrzburg&rft.series=Beitr%C3%A4ge+zur+S%C3%BCdasienforschung+%3B+vol.+192&rft.pages=200&rft.pub=Ergon&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F51961066&rft.isbn=3-89913-253-X&rft.aulast=Blum&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+polisentris" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Clyne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Clyne (halaman belum tersedia)">Clyne, Michael G.</a>, ed. (1992). <i>Pluricentric Languages: Differing Norms in Different Nations</i>. Contributions to the sociology of language 62. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/3-11-012855-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/3-11-012855-1">3-11-012855-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pluricentric+Languages%3A+Differing+Norms+in+Different+Nations&rft.place=Berlin+%26+New+York&rft.series=Contributions+to+the+sociology+of+language+62&rft.pub=Mouton+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=3-11-012855-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+polisentris" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Clyne, Michael G.; & Kipp, Sandra. (1999). <i>Pluricentric languages in an immigrant context: Spanish, Arabic and Chinese</i>. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/3-11-016577-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/3-11-016577-5">3-11-016577-5</a>.</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Daneš, František (1988). "Herausbildung und Reform von Standardsprachen" [Development and Reform of Standard Languages]. Dalam Ammon, Ulrich; Dittmar, Norbert; Mattheier, Klaus J. <i>Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society II</i>. Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft 3.2. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter. hlm. 1506–1516. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/3-11-011645-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/3-11-011645-6">3-11-011645-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/639109991">639109991</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Herausbildung+und+Reform+von+Standardsprachen&rft.btitle=Sociolinguistics%3A+An+International+Handbook+of+the+Science+of+Language+and+Society+II&rft.place=Berlin+%26+New+York&rft.series=Handb%C3%BCcher+zur+Sprach-+und+Kommunikationswissenschaft+3.2&rft.pages=1506-1516&rft.pub=Mouton+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F639109991&rft.isbn=3-11-011645-6&rft.aulast=Dane%C5%A1&rft.aufirst=Franti%C5%A1ek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+polisentris" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Dua, Hans Raj (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wawGFWNuHiwC&q=hindi+urdu+pluricentric&pg=PA381">"Hindi-Urdu as a pluricentric language"</a>. Dalam Clyne, Michael G. <i>Pluricentric Languages: Differing Norms in Different Nations</i>. Contributions to the sociology of language 62. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter. hlm. 381–400. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/3-11-012855-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/3-11-012855-1">3-11-012855-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/24668375">24668375</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hindi-Urdu+as+a+pluricentric+language&rft.btitle=Pluricentric+Languages%3A+Differing+Norms+in+Different+Nations&rft.place=Berlin+%26+New+York&rft.series=Contributions+to+the+sociology+of+language+62&rft.pages=381-400&rft.pub=Mouton+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F24668375&rft.isbn=3-11-012855-1&rft.aulast=Dua&rft.aufirst=Hans+Raj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwawGFWNuHiwC%26q%3Dhindi%2Burdu%2Bpluricentric%26pg%3DPA381&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+polisentris" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinz_Kloss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinz Kloss (halaman belum tersedia)">Kloss, Heinz</a> (1967). "<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">'</span>Abstand languages' and 'ausbau languages<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">'</span>". <i>Anthropological Linguistics</i>. <b>9</b> (7): 29–41. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/30029461">30029461</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anthropological+Linguistics&rft.atitle=%27Abstand+languages%27+and+%27ausbau+languages%27&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=29-41&rft.date=1967&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F30029461&rft.aulast=Kloss&rft.aufirst=Heinz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+polisentris" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Snje%C5%BEana_Kordi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Snježana Kordić (halaman belum tersedia)">Kordić, Snježana</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/69f5Mtzox?url=http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/426269.POLICENTRICNI_STANDARDNI.PDF">"Policentrični standardni jezik"</a> [Polycentric Standard Language] <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Dalam Badurina, Lada; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivo_Pranjkovi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivo Pranjković (halaman belum tersedia)">Pranjković, Ivo</a>; Silić, Josip. <i>Jezični varijeteti i nacionalni identiteti</i> (dalam bahasa Serbo-Kroasia). Zagreb: Disput. hlm. 83–108. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-953-260-054-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-953-260-054-4">978-953-260-054-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/437306433">437306433</a>. <a href="/wiki/Social_Science_Research_Network" title="Social Science Research Network">SSRN</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//ssrn.com/abstract=3438216">3438216</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:CROSBI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:CROSBI (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:CROSBI</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/426269.POLICENTRICNI_STANDARDNI.PDF">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 4 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Policentri%C4%8Dni+standardni+jezik&rft.btitle=Jezi%C4%8Dni+varijeteti+i+nacionalni+identiteti&rft.place=Zagreb&rft.pages=83-108&rft.pub=Disput&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F437306433&rft_id=%2F%2Fssrn.com%2Fabstract%3D3438216&rft.isbn=978-953-260-054-4&rft.aulast=Kordi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Snje%C5%BEana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbib.irb.hr%2Fdatoteka%2F426269.POLICENTRICNI_STANDARDNI.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+polisentris" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span> <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.onb.ac.at/rec/AC07252152">(ÖNB)</a></small>.</li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Alexander_Stewart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Alexander Stewart (halaman belum tersedia)">Stewart, William A</a> (1968) [1962]. "A Sociolinguistic Typology for Describing National Multilingualism". Dalam Fishman, Joshua A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/readingsinsociol0000fish"><i>Readings in the Sociology of Language</i></a>. The Hague, Paris: Mouton. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/readingsinsociol0000fish/page/531">531</a>–545. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110805376.531">10.1515/9783110805376.531</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-11-080537-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-11-080537-6">978-3-11-080537-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Sociolinguistic+Typology+for+Describing+National+Multilingualism&rft.btitle=Readings+in+the+Sociology+of+Language&rft.place=The+Hague%2C+Paris&rft.pages=531-545&rft.pub=Mouton&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783110805376.531&rft.isbn=978-3-11-080537-6&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=William+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freadingsinsociol0000fish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+polisentris" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bacaan_lebih_lanjut">Bacaan lebih lanjut</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_polisentris&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Bacaan lebih lanjut" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_polisentris&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bacaan lebih lanjut"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Dollinger, Stefan (2019). <i>The Pluricentricity Debate: On Austrian German and other Germanic Standard Varieties</i>. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-429-63179-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-429-63179-5">978-0-429-63179-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pluricentricity+Debate%3A+On+Austrian+German+and+other+Germanic+Standard+Varieties&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-429-63179-5&rft.aulast=Dollinger&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+polisentris" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Kircher, Ruth (2012). "How pluricentric is the French language? An investigation of attitudes towards Quebec French compared to European French". <i>Journal of French Language Studies</i>. <b>22</b> (3): 345–370. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0959269512000014">10.1017/S0959269512000014</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+French+Language+Studies&rft.atitle=How+pluricentric+is+the+French+language%3F+An+investigation+of+attitudes+towards+Quebec+French+compared+to+European+French&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=345-370&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0959269512000014&rft.aulast=Kircher&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+polisentris" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Louw, Robertus de (2016). "Is Dutch a pluricentric language with two centres of standardization? An overview of the differences between Netherlandic and Belgian Dutch from a Flemish perspective". <i>Werkwinkel</i>. <b>11</b> (1): 113–135. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fwerk-2016-0006">10.1515/werk-2016-0006</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Werkwinkel&rft.atitle=Is+Dutch+a+pluricentric+language+with+two+centres+of+standardization%3F+An+overview+of+the+differences+between+Netherlandic+and+Belgian+Dutch+from+a+Flemish+perspective&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=113-135&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fwerk-2016-0006&rft.aulast=Louw&rft.aufirst=Robertus+de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+polisentris" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_polisentris&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_polisentris&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930160828/http://www.inst.at/trans/15Nr/06_1/muhr15.htm">Sikap Bahasa dan konsepsi bahasa dalam ragam bahasa plurisentris yang tidak mendominasi (oleh Rudolf Muhr)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pluricentriclanguages.org/">Kelompok kerja internasional untuk Ragam Non-Dominan dari bahasa plurisentris</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt 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