CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>標準藏語 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zhwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"zh", "wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"84ad882a-5b3a-4630-bab2-a7309bd0074b","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"標準藏語","wgTitle":"標準藏語","wgCurRevisionId":83852926,"wgRevisionId":83852926,"wgArticleId":3763369,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["使用人数没有注明日期的语言条目","ISO 639-2代码的语言","ISO 639-1代码的语言","信息框没有参考资料字段的语言类条目","含有標準藏語的條目","引文格式1错误：日期","引用自1911年大英百科全书而缺少条目参数的维基百科条目","含有1911年版大英百科全书内容的维基百科条目","包含BNF标识符的维基百科条目","包含BNFdata标识符的维基百科条目","包含GND标识符的维基百科条目", "包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目","包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目","包含LNB标识符的维基百科条目","包含NDL标识符的维基百科条目","包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目","漢藏語系模板","亚洲语言模板","中国语言导航模板","中国语言","西藏语言","藏语"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"標準藏語","wgRelevantArticleId":3763369,"wgUserVariant":"zh","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"zh","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":["zh-hans","zh-hant","zh-cn","zh-tw","zh-hk","zh-sg","zh-mo","zh-my"]},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true, "nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q34271","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.large-font":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready", "jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.edit0","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.UnihanTooltips","ext.gadget.Difflink","ext.gadget.pseudonamespace-UI","ext.gadget.SpecialWikitext","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.VariantAlly","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.hideConversionTab","ext.gadget.internalLinkHelper-altcolor","ext.gadget.noteTA","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.collapsibleTables","ext.gadget.scrollUpButton","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader", "ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.gadget.large-font&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Lhasa_Tibetan_language_distribution.svg/1200px-Lhasa_Tibetan_language_distribution.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="909"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Lhasa_Tibetan_language_distribution.svg/800px-Lhasa_Tibetan_language_distribution.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="606"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Lhasa_Tibetan_language_distribution.svg/640px-Lhasa_Tibetan_language_distribution.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="485"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="標準藏語 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="编辑本页" href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (zh)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-my/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-mo/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia的Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-標準藏語 rootpage-標準藏語 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳转到内容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="主菜单" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">主菜单</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">主菜单</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 导航 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="访问首页[z]" accesskey="z"><span>首页</span></a></li><li id="n-indexpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="以分类索引搜寻中文维基百科"><span>分类索引</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured_content" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9" title="查看中文维基百科的特色内容"><span>特色内容</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B" title="提供当前新闻事件的背景资料"><span>新闻动态</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9" title="列出维基百科中的最近修改[r]" accesskey="r"><span>最近更改</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="随机载入一个页面[x]" accesskey="x"><span>随机条目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-help" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-help" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 帮助 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="寻求帮助"><span>帮助</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="关于本计划、你可以做什么、应该如何做"><span>维基社群</span></a></li><li id="n-policy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E8%88%87%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="查看维基百科的方针和指引"><span>方针与指引</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%AE%A2%E6%A0%88" title="参与维基百科社群的讨论"><span>互助客栈</span></a></li><li id="n-Information_desk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94" title="解答任何与维基百科无关的问题的地方"><span>知识问答</span></a></li><li id="n-conversion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2" title="提出字词转换请求"><span>字词转换</span></a></li><li id="n-IRC" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93"><span>IRC即时聊天</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC" title="如何联络维基百科"><span>联络我们</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E" title="查看维基百科的简介"><span>关于维基百科</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="维基百科" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh.svg" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="自由的百科全书" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-zh.svg" width="103" height="14" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科" aria-label="搜索维基百科" autocapitalize="sentences" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-語域" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#語域"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>語域</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-語域-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-聲調" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#聲調"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>聲調</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-聲調-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-輔音" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#輔音"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>輔音</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-輔音-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-元音" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#元音"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>元音</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-元音-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关元音子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-元音-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-音變" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#音變"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>音變</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-音變-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-鍵盤排列法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#鍵盤排列法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>鍵盤排列法</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-鍵盤排列法-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关鍵盤排列法子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-鍵盤排列法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-中國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>中國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-不丹" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#不丹"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>不丹</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-不丹-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-藏語語法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#藏語語法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>藏語語法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-藏語語法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-註釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#註釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>註釋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-註釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸閱讀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸閱讀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>延伸閱讀</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸閱讀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">標準藏語</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。106种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-106" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">106种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibettaans" title="Tibettaans – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tibettaans" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة التبتية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة التبتية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%89" title="لغه تيبيتى – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لغه تيبيتى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_tibetanu" title="Idioma tibetanu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma tibetanu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="तिब्बती भाषा – 阿瓦德语" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="तिब्बती भाषा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="阿瓦德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet_dili" title="Tibet dili – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tibet dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Tib%C3%A9t" title="Basa Tibét – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Tibét" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Тыбецкая мова – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тыбецкая мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D1%8D%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Тыбэцкая мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тыбэцкая мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Тибетски език – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тибетски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="লাসা তিব্বতি – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লাসা তিব্বতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8D" title="བོད་ཀྱི་སྐད་ཡིག། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བོད་ཀྱི་སྐད་ཡིག།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibeteg" title="Tibeteg – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tibeteg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D0%B1%D1%8D%D0%B4_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Түбэд хэлэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Түбэд хэлэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet%C3%A0" title="Tibetà – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tibetà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A2ung-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Câung-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Câung-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet%C5%A1tina" title="Tibetština – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tibetština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibeteg" title="Tibeteg – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tibeteg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetansk_(sprog)" title="Tibetansk (sprog) – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tibetansk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetische_Sprache" title="Tibetische Sprache – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tibetische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetki" title="Tibetki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Tibetki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="བོད་སྐད། – 宗卡语" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="བོད་སྐད།" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="宗卡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhasa_Tibetan" title="Lhasa Tibetan – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Lhasa Tibetan" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibeta_lingvo" title="Tibeta lingvo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tibeta lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_tibetano" title="Idioma tibetano – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma tibetano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiibeti_keel" title="Tiibeti keel – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tiibeti keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetera" title="Tibetera – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tibetera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="تبتی معیار – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تبتی معیار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiibetin_kieli" title="Tiibetin kieli – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tiibetin kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tib%C3%A9tain" title="Tibétain – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tibétain" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibeetisk" title="Tibeetisk – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tibeetisk" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Tib%C3%A9idis" title="An Tibéidis – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Tibéidis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_tibetana" title="Lingua tibetana – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua tibetana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tivetano_%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Tivetano ñe'ẽ – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tivetano ñe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetish_Veanagh" title="Tibetish Veanagh – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Tibetish Veanagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phi%C3%AAu-ch%C3%BAn_Chh%C3%B2ng-ng%C3%AE" title="Phiêu-chún Chhòng-ngî – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Phiêu-chún Chhòng-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%99%D7%91%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA" title="טיבטית – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טיבטית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="तिब्बती भाषा – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तिब्बती भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_bhasa" title="Tibetan bhasa – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Tibetan bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standardni_tibetski_jezik" title="Standardni tibetski jezik – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Standardni tibetski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibeti_nyelv" title="Tibeti nyelv – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tibeti nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%AB%D5%A2%D5%A5%D5%A9%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Տիբեթերեն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տիբեթերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Tibet_Lhasa" title="Bahasa Tibet Lhasa – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Tibet Lhasa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagalagadan_a_Tibetano" title="Pagalagadan a Tibetano – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagalagadan a Tibetano" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%ADbeska" title="Tíbeska – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tíbeska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_tibetana" title="Lingua tibetana – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua tibetana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%99%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E8%AA%9E" title="チベット語 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チベット語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ტიბეტური ენა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტიბეტური ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Tibet" title="Bahasa Tibet – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Tibet" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Тибет тілдері – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тибет тілдері" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%ED%8B%B0%EB%B2%A0%ED%8A%B8%EC%96%B4" title="표준 티베트어 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="표준 티베트어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Тибет кыв – 科米语" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Тибет кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Тибет тили – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тибет тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Tibetana" title="Lingua Tibetana – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Tibetana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetie%C4%8Di%C5%B3_kalba" title="Tibetiečių kalba – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tibetiečių kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetie%C5%A1u_valoda" title="Tibetiešu valoda – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tibetiešu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="तिब्बती भाषा – 迈蒂利语" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="तिब्बती भाषा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="迈蒂利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_tibetana" title="Fiteny tibetana – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny tibetana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Тибетски јазик – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тибетски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="തിബത്തൻ ഭാഷ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തിബത്തൻ ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%B2%D3%A9%D0%B4_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Төвөд хэл – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Төвөд хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="तिबेटी भाषा – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तिबेटी भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Tibet" title="Bahasa Tibet – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Tibet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="تبتی – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="تبتی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="ल्हासा तिब्बती – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ल्हासा तिब्बती" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%81_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="सेँ भाषा – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सेँ भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetaans" title="Tibetaans – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tibetaans" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetansk" title="Tibetansk – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tibetansk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetansk" title="Tibetansk – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tibetansk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan" title="Tibetan – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tibetan" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Тибетаг æвзаг – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Тибетаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਤਿੱਬਤੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਿੱਬਤੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_tybeta%C5%84ski" title="Język tybetański – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język tybetański" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="تبتی بولی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تبتی بولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A8%DB%90%D8%AA%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="معياري تيبېتي ژبه – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="معياري تيبېتي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_tibetana" title="Língua tibetana – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua tibetana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet_simi" title="Tibet simi – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Tibet simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_tibetan%C4%83" title="Limba tibetană – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba tibetană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Тибетский язык – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тибетский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8D%D1%82_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Тибиэт тыла – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Тибиэт тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0_%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱠ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱠ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_language" title="Tibetan language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tibetan language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet%C4%8Dina" title="Tibetčina – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tibetčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Стандардни тибетски језик – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Стандардни тибетски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetisk" title="Tibetisk – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Tibetisk" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetanska" title="Tibetanska – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tibetanska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitibeti" title="Kitibeti – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kitibeti" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="திபெத்திய மொழி – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="திபெத்திய மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D3%A3" title="Забони тибетӣ – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони тибетӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95" title="ภาษาทิเบต – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาทิเบต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet_dili" title="Tibet dili – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Tibet dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet%C3%A7e" title="Tibetçe – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tibetçe" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kari_Tibet" title="Kari Tibet – 赛德克语" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Kari Tibet" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="赛德克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Тибет теле – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тибет теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%B2%D2%AF%D1%82_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Төвүт дыл – 图瓦语" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Төвүт дыл" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="图瓦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%DA%AD%D8%B2%DB%87%DA%86%DB%95" title="زاڭزۇچە – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="زاڭزۇچە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Тибетська мова – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тибетська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تبتی زبان – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تبتی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet_tili" title="Tibet tili – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tibet tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_T%E1%BA%A1ng_ti%C3%AAu_chu%E1%BA%A9n" title="Tiếng Tạng tiêu chuẩn – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Tạng tiêu chuẩn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetin" title="Tibetin – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tibetin" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD" title="标准藏语 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="标准藏语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD" title="Төвдин келн – 卡尔梅克语" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Төвдин келн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="卡尔梅克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ტიბეტური ნინა – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ტიბეტური ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dng-g%C3%AD" title="Chōng-gí – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chōng-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87" title="藏文 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="藏文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q34271#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&oldid=83852926" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&id=83852926&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%25A8%2599%25E6%25BA%2596%25E8%2597%258F%25E8%25AA%259E"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%25A8%2599%25E6%25BA%2596%25E8%2597%258F%25E8%25AA%259E"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tibetan_language" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikivoyage.org/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E4%BC%9A%E8%AF%9D%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C" hreflang="zh"><span>维基导游</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q34271" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84078810">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="color: black; background-color: tomato;">標準藏語</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: tomato;"><span style="font-size: small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r64579233">.mw-parser-output .uchen{font-family:"Qomolangma-Dunhuang","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchen","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchung","Qomolangma-Uchen Suring","Qomolangma-Uchen Sutung","Qomolangma-Title","Qomolangma-Subtitle","Qomolangma-Woodblock","BabelStone Tibetan Slim",Jomolhari,"Yagpo Tibetan Uni","DDC Uchen","DDC Rinzin",Kailash,"TCRC Youtso Unicode","Tibetan Machine Uni",Wangdi29,"Noto Serif Tibetan","Noto Sans Tibetan","Microsoft Himalaya"}.mw-parser-output .ume{font-family:"Qomolangma-Betsu","Qomolangma-Chuyig","Qomolangma-Drutsa","Qomolangma-Edict","Qomolangma-Tsumachu","Qomolangma-Tsuring","Qomolangma-Tsutong","TibetanSambhotaYigchung","TibetanTsugRing","TibetanYigchung"}</style><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ལྷ་སའི་སྐད་</span><br /><i>lha-sa'i skad</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">母语国家和地区</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中国</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA" title="西藏自治区">西藏自治区</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/22px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/33px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/44px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E5%B0%94" title="尼泊尔">尼泊尔</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><b>区域</b></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中国</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA" title="西藏自治区">西藏自治区</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">母语使用人数</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">120萬（1990年）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%B3%BB%E5%B1%9E%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="语言系属分类">語系</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="漢藏語系">漢藏語系</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E7%B7%AC%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="藏緬語族">藏緬語族</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F-%E5%96%9C%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E9%9B%85%E8%AF%AD%E7%BE%A4" title="藏-喜马拉雅语群">藏-喜马拉雅语群</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="藏語支">藏語支</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="藏語">藏語</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="衛藏語">衛藏語</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><b>標準藏語</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">早期形式</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="古藏語">古藏語</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:15px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="古典藏語">古典藏語</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:2em;padding-left:0"><li><b>標準藏語</b></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="文字">文字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="藏文字">藏文字</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E%E7%9B%B2%E6%96%87" title="藏語盲文">藏語盲文</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: tomato;;">官方地位</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="官方语言">作为官方语言</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中国</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="西藏自治區">西藏自治區</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E5%B0%94" title="尼泊尔">尼泊尔</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%98" title="木斯塘">木斯塘</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">管理机构</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">藏语术语标准化工作委员会<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: tomato;;">語言代碼</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=bo">bo</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/tib" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:tib">tib</a> （B）</code> <br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/bod" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:bod">bod</a> （T）</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/bod" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:bod">bod</a></code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lhasa_Tibetan_language_distribution.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Lhasa_Tibetan_language_distribution.svg/300px-Lhasa_Tibetan_language_distribution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Lhasa_Tibetan_language_distribution.svg/450px-Lhasa_Tibetan_language_distribution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Lhasa_Tibetan_language_distribution.svg/600px-Lhasa_Tibetan_language_distribution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1118" data-file-height="847" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#ddddff;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>本条目包含<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="國際音標">国际音标</a>符号。</b>部分<a href="/wiki/%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="操作系统">操作系统</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E9%A1%B5%E6%B5%8F%E8%A7%88%E5%99%A8" title="网页浏览器">浏览器</a>需要<a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E8%88%87%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="Help:特殊字母與符號">特殊字母与符号支持</a>才能正確显示，否则可能显示为<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%82%E7%A2%BC" title="亂碼">乱码</a>、问号、空格等其它符号。</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right" style="width:22em;font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Standard_Tibetan_name.svg/65px-Standard_Tibetan_name.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Standard_Tibetan_name.svg/98px-Standard_Tibetan_name.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Standard_Tibetan_name.svg/130px-Standard_Tibetan_name.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="49" data-file-height="31" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>本页面有<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87" title="藏文">藏文字母</a></b>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="操作系统">操作系统</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E9%A1%B5%E6%B5%8F%E8%A7%88%E5%99%A8" title="网页浏览器">浏览器</a>須<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support_(Indic)" class="extiw" title="en:Help:Multilingual support (Indic)">支持特殊字母与符号</a>才能正確显示为藏文字母，否则可能變成<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%82%E7%A2%BC" title="亂碼">乱码</a>、问号、空格等其它符号。</div></div> </div> <p><b>標準藏語</b>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="西藏语言">西藏語言</a>的一種，為一種<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="标准语">標準語</a>，主要源自<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="衛藏語">衛藏語</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%96%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="拉薩">拉薩</a>方言，將所謂的<b>拉薩藏語</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="藏語">藏語</a>：<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span lang="bo" class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ལྷ་སའི་སྐད</span>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%88%A9%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99" title="威利转写">威利转写</a>：<span class="Unicode">lha-sa'i skad</span>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E9%9F%B3%E8%AF%91%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99%E6%B3%95" title="藏语汉语拼音字母音译转写法">藏语拼音</a>：<span class="Unicode">lhasaigai</span>）標準化後形成。為現代最多人使用的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E8%AF%AD" title="共同语">共同</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="藏語">藏語</a>，也是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="西藏自治區">西藏自治區</a>的官方標準藏語，源自<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="古典藏語">古典藏語</a>。　 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="語域"><span id=".E8.AA.9E.E5.9F.9F"></span>語域</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：語域"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="聲調"><span id=".E8.81.B2.E8.AA.BF"></span>聲調</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：聲調"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85099211">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="藏語音系">藏語音系</a></div> <p>藏文是記錄了7世紀的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="古典藏語">古典藏語</a>語音，當時沒有聲調。 </p><p>標準藏語有四個聲調：調值為55的高平調（標為´或<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209503">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Linux Libertine","Segoe UI","Lucida Sans Unicode","Code2000","Gentium","Gentium Alternative","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Arial Unicode MS","IPAPANNEW","Chrysanthi Unicode","GentiumAlt","Bitstream Vera","Bitstream Cyberbit","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro","Lucida Grande",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important}</style><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">˥˥</span>）、調值為53的降調（標為^或<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">˥˧</span>）、調值為12的低平調（標為`或<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">˩˨</span>）、調值為14的升調（標為ˇ或<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">˩˦</span>）。每個音節的聲調和該音節在7世紀的聲母和韻尾有嚴密的對應關係，以濁輔音字母爲基字的音節在當代藏語裏讀做低平調，以清輔音字母爲基字的音節在標準藏語裏讀做高平調，以 -<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ག</span>、-<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">གས</span>、-<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">བ</span>、-<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">བས</span>、-<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ད</span>、-<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ས</span>、-<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ངས</span> 和 -<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">མས</span> 為後加字的音節，原本高平調要變爲降調，原本低平調要變爲低升降調132（標爲<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">˩˧˨</span>）。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="輔音"><span id=".E8.BC.94.E9.9F.B3"></span>輔音</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：輔音"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>藏文有30個基本單輔音字母，每個字母在7世紀的發音是輔音加元音a。在當代標準藏語的發音出現了有規律的變化，基字聲母為濁塞音、濁擦音和濁塞擦音的字母讀成相對應的送氣清輔音。 </p> <table class="wikitable" style="width:60%"> <caption>藏文字母、威利拉丁字母转写、国际音标（古典藏語／現代標準藏語） </caption> <tbody><tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཀ</span></td> <td>ka</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ka／ká</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཅ</span></td> <td>ca</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ʨa／ʨá</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཏ</span></td> <td>ta</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ta／tá</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">པ</span></td> <td>pa</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">pa／pá</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཁ</span></td> <td>kha</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">kʰa／kʰá</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཆ</span></td> <td>cha</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ʨʰa／ʨʰá</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཐ</span></td> <td>tha</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tʰa／tʰá</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཕ</span></td> <td>pha</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">pʰa／pʰá</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ག</span></td> <td>ga</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ga／kʰà</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཇ</span></td> <td>ja</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ʥa／ʨʰà</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ད</span></td> <td>da</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">da／tʰà</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">བ</span></td> <td>ba</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ba／pʰà</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ང</span></td> <td>nga</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ŋa／ŋà</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཉ</span></td> <td>nya</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɲa／ɲà</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ན</span></td> <td>na</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">na／nà</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">མ</span></td> <td>ma</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ma／mà</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཙ</span></td> <td>tsa</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tsa／tsá</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཞ</span></td> <td>zha</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ʑa／ɕà</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ར</span></td> <td>ra</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ra／ʐà</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཧ</span></td> <td>ha</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ha／há</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཚ</span></td> <td>tsha</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tsʰa／tsʰá</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཟ</span></td> <td>za</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">za／sà</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ལ</span></td> <td>la</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">la／là</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཨ</span></td> <td>a</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">a／á</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཛ</span></td> <td>dza</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">dza／tsʰà</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">འ</span></td> <td>'a</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɦa／ʔà</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཤ</span></td> <td>sha</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɕa／ɕá</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཝ</span></td> <td>wa</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">wa／wà</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ཡ</span></td> <td>ya</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ja／jà</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ས</span></td> <td>sa</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">sa／sá</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="元音"><span id=".E5.85.83.E9.9F.B3"></span>元音</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：元音"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>藏文有 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/a/、/i/、/u/、/e/、/o/</span> 五個基本元音，每個無附標的藏文字母表示元音為a的音節，在字母上方加附標-<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ི</span>表示元音為/i/的音節，在字母下方加附標-<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ུ</span>表示元音為/u/的音節，在字母上方加附標-<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ེ</span>表示元音為/e/的音節，在字母上方加附標-<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ོ</span>表示元音為/o/的音節。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="音變"><span id=".E9.9F.B3.E8.AE.8A"></span>音變</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：音變"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在標準藏語中，如果一個音節以<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ས</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/s/</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ད</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/d/</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ན</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/n/</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ལ</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/l/</span>為第一後加字，元音要發生音變，<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/a/</span>讀成<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ɛ/</span>，<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ོ</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/o/</span>讀成<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ø/</span>，<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ུ</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/u/</span>讀成<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/y/</span>，並且<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ས</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/s/</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ད</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/d/</span>兩個後加字不發音，後加字<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">ན</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/n/</span>和前面的元音合成鼻化元音。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="鍵盤排列法"><span id=".E9.8D.B5.E7.9B.A4.E6.8E.92.E5.88.97.E6.B3.95"></span>鍵盤排列法</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：鍵盤排列法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85099211"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%AE%E7%9B%98%E5%B8%83%E5%B1%80" title="键盘布局">键盘布局</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中國"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E5.9C.8B"></span>中國</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：中國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>中國國家<a class="mw-selflink selflink">標準藏語</a>鍵盤布局 </p><p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tibetan_Keyboard.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Tibetan_Keyboard.png" decoding="async" width="800" height="268" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="696" data-file-height="233" /></a></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="不丹"><span id=".E4.B8.8D.E4.B8.B9"></span>不丹</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：不丹"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KBD-DZ-noshift-2009.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/KBD-DZ-noshift-2009.png/400px-KBD-DZ-noshift-2009.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/KBD-DZ-noshift-2009.png/600px-KBD-DZ-noshift-2009.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/KBD-DZ-noshift-2009.png/800px-KBD-DZ-noshift-2009.png 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1410" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KBD-DZ-shift-2009.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/KBD-DZ-shift-2009.png/400px-KBD-DZ-shift-2009.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/KBD-DZ-shift-2009.png/600px-KBD-DZ-shift-2009.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/KBD-DZ-shift-2009.png/800px-KBD-DZ-shift-2009.png 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1410" /></a></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="藏語語法"><span id=".E8.97.8F.E8.AA.9E.E8.AA.9E.E6.B3.95"></span>藏語語法</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：藏語語法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95" title="藏語語法">藏語語法</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="註釋"><span id=".E8.A8.BB.E9.87.8B"></span>註釋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：註釋"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">藏语：<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64579233"><span class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; word-wrap:break-word;">བོད་ཡིག་བརྡ་ཚད་ལྡན་དུ་སྒྱུར་བའི་ལ ས་དོན་ཨུ་ཡོན་ལྷན་ཁང་གིས་བསྒྲིགས</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸閱讀"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.96.B1.E8.AE.80"></span>延伸閱讀</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：延伸閱讀"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">H. A. Jäschke. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=SLUIAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">Tibetan–English Dictionary</a> reprint. LONDON: Taylor and Francis. 1881: 671 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-06-30</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190520063534/https://books.google.com/books?id=SLUIAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">存档</a>于2019-05-20）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&rft.au=H.+A.+J%C3%A4schke&rft.btitle=Tibetan%E2%80%93English+Dictionary&rft.date=1881&rft.edition=reprint&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=671&rft.place=LONDON&rft.pub=Taylor+and+Francis&rft_id=%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSLUIAAAAQAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>(Original from Oxford University)</li> <li><cite class="citation book"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="海因里希·奥古斯特·贾舍克" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Heinrich August Jäschke"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%A0%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%B4%BE%E8%88%8D%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海因里希·奥古斯特·贾舍克（页面不存在）">Heinrich August Jäschke</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_August_J%C3%A4schke" class="extiw" title="en:Heinrich August Jäschke"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Heinrich August Jäschke</span></a></span>）</span></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=_RQTAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">A Tibetan–English dictionary, with special reference to the prevailing dialects: To which is added an English-Tibetan vocabulary</a>. LONDON: Printed by Unger Brothers (T. Grimm). 1881: 671 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-06-30</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190520100211/https://books.google.com/books?id=_RQTAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">存档</a>于2019-05-20）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&rft.au=%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-all+%22+data-orig-title%3D%22%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%A0%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%B4%BE%E8%88%8D%E5%85%8B%22+data-lang-code%3D%22en%22+data-lang-name%3D%22%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%22+data-foreign-title%3D%22Heinrich+August+J%C3%A4schke%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-page%22%3EHeinrich+August+J%C3%A4schke%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22noprint+ilh-comment%22%3E%EF%BC%88%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-lang%22%3E%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-colon%22%3E%EF%BC%9A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-link%22%3E-%7B%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22+dir%3D%22auto%22%3EHeinrich+August+J%C3%A4schke%3C%2Fspan%3E%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3E%EF%BC%89%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.btitle=A+Tibetan%E2%80%93English+dictionary%2C+with+special+reference+to+the+prevailing+dialects%3A+To+which+is+added+an+English-Tibetan+vocabulary&rft.date=1881&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=671&rft.place=LONDON&rft.pub=Printed+by+Unger+Brothers+%28T.+Grimm%29&rft_id=%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_RQTAAAAYAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>(Original from Harvard University)</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Heinrich August Jäschke. Heinrich Wenzel , 编. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=pmN_wah3GcEC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">Tibetan grammar</a>. Volume 7 of Trübner's collection of simplified grammars 2. LONDON: Trübner & co. 1883: 104 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-06-30</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190520071640/https://books.google.com/books?id=pmN_wah3GcEC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">存档</a>于2019-05-20）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&rft.au=Heinrich+August+J%C3%A4schke&rft.btitle=Tibetan+grammar&rft.date=1883&rft.edition=2&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=104&rft.place=LONDON&rft.pub=Tr%C3%BCbner+%26+co.&rft_id=%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpmN_wah3GcEC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>(Original from Harvard University)</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Graham Sandberg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=KAmi4M8_-9oC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">Hand-book of colloquial Tibetan: A practical guide to the language of Central Tibet ...</a>. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink and co. 1894: 372 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-06-30</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190519103012/https://books.google.com/books?id=KAmi4M8_-9oC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">存档</a>于2019-05-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&rft.au=Graham+Sandberg&rft.btitle=Hand-book+of+colloquial+Tibetan%3A+A+practical+guide+to+the+language+of+Central+Tibet+...&rft.date=1894&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=372&rft.place=Calcutta&rft.pub=Thacker%2C+Spink+and+co.&rft_id=%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKAmi4M8_-9oC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>(Original from Harvard University)</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Heinrich August Jäschke. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=kqACAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">Romanized Tibetan and English dictionary</a>. 1866: 158 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-06-30</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190519124952/https://books.google.com/books?id=kqACAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">存档</a>于2019-05-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&rft.au=Heinrich+August+J%C3%A4schke&rft.btitle=Romanized+Tibetan+and+English+dictionary&rft.date=1866&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=158&rft_id=%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkqACAAAAQAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>(Original from Oxford University)</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHeinrich_August_Jäschke（英语：-{Heinrich_August_Jäschke}-）" class="citation"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="海因里希·奥古斯特·贾舍克" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Heinrich August Jäschke"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%A0%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%B4%BE%E8%88%8D%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海因里希·奥古斯特·贾舍克（页面不存在）">Heinrich August Jäschke</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_August_J%C3%A4schke" class="extiw" title="en:Heinrich August Jäschke"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Heinrich August Jäschke</span></a></span>）</span></span>, A short practical grammar of the Tibetan language, with special reference to the spoken dialects, London: Hardinge Simpole, 1865, 2004 [Compendium ed.], <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/1-84382-077-3" title="Special:网络书源/1-84382-077-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 1-84382-077-3</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&rft.au=%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-all+%22+data-orig-title%3D%22%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%A0%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%B4%BE%E8%88%8D%E5%85%8B%22+data-lang-code%3D%22en%22+data-lang-name%3D%22%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%22+data-foreign-title%3D%22Heinrich+August+J%C3%A4schke%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-page%22%3EHeinrich+August+J%C3%A4schke%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22noprint+ilh-comment%22%3E%EF%BC%88%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-lang%22%3E%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-colon%22%3E%EF%BC%9A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-link%22%3E-%7B%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22+dir%3D%22auto%22%3EHeinrich+August+J%C3%A4schke%3C%2Fspan%3E%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3E%EF%BC%89%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.btitle=A+short+practical+grammar+of+the+Tibetan+language%2C+with+special+reference+to+the+spoken+dialects&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1-84382-077-3&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hardinge+Simpole&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span>. " ... contains a facsimile of the original publication in manuscript, the first printed version of 1883, and the later Addenda published with the Third Edition."—P. [4] of cover./ First edition published in Kye-Lang in Brit. Lahoul by the author, in manuscript, in 1865.</li> <li>Naga, Sangye Tandar. (2010). "Some Reflections on the Mysterious Nature of Tibetan Language" In: <i>The Tibet Journal</i>, Special issue. Autumn 2009 vol XXXIV n. 3-Summer 2010 vol XXXV n. 2. "The Earth Ox Papers", edited by Roberto Vitali, pp. 561–566.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFNicolas_Tournadre_and_Sangda_Dorje2003" class="citation">Nicolas Tournadre and Sangda Dorje, Manual of Standard Tibetan, New York: <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="香巴拉出版物" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Snow Lion Publications"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%99%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="香巴拉出版物（页面不存在）">Snow Lion Publications</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_Lion_Publications" class="extiw" title="en:Snow Lion Publications"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Snow Lion Publications</span></a></span>）</span></span>, 2003, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/1-55939-189-8" title="Special:网络书源/1-55939-189-8"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 1-55939-189-8</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&rft.au=Nicolas+Tournadre+and+Sangda+Dorje&rft.btitle=Manual+of+Standard+Tibetan&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1-55939-189-8&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-all+%22+data-orig-title%3D%22%E9%A6%99%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%89%A9%22+data-lang-code%3D%22en%22+data-lang-name%3D%22%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%22+data-foreign-title%3D%22Snow+Lion+Publications%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-page%22%3ESnow+Lion+Publications%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22noprint+ilh-comment%22%3E%EF%BC%88%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-lang%22%3E%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-colon%22%3E%EF%BC%9A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-link%22%3E-%7B%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22+dir%3D%22auto%22%3ESnow+Lion+Publications%3C%2Fspan%3E%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3E%EF%BC%89%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSarat_Chandra_Das2000" class="citation">Sarat Chandra Das, Tibetan–English Dictionary (With Sanskrit Synonyms), Delhi: <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Motilal Banarsidass" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Motilal Banarsidass"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motilal_Banarsidass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Motilal Banarsidass（页面不存在）">Motilal Banarsidass</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motilal_Banarsidass" class="extiw" title="en:Motilal Banarsidass"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Motilal Banarsidass</span></a></span>）</span></span>, 2000, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/81-208-1713-3" title="Special:网络书源/81-208-1713-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 81-208-1713-3</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&rft.au=Sarat+Chandra+Das&rft.btitle=Tibetan%E2%80%93English+Dictionary+%28With+Sanskrit+Synonyms%29&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=81-208-1713-3&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pub=%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-all+%22+data-orig-title%3D%22Motilal+Banarsidass%22+data-lang-code%3D%22en%22+data-lang-name%3D%22%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%22+data-foreign-title%3D%22Motilal+Banarsidass%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-page%22%3EMotilal+Banarsidass%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22noprint+ilh-comment%22%3E%EF%BC%88%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-lang%22%3E%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-colon%22%3E%EF%BC%9A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-link%22%3E-%7B%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22+dir%3D%22auto%22%3EMotilal+Banarsidass%3C%2Fspan%3E%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3E%EF%BC%89%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>. (Reprint of the Calcutta : Bengal Secretariat Book Depot, 1902 edition.)</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHodge2003" class="citation">Hodge, Stephen, An Introduction to Classical Tibetan, Orchid Press, 2003, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/974-524-039-7" title="Special:网络书源/974-524-039-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 974-524-039-7</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Classical+Tibetan&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=974-524-039-7&rft.pub=Orchid+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBernard1946" class="citation">Bernard, Theos C., A Simplified Grammar of the Literary Tibetan Language, Santa Barbara, California: Tibetan Text Society, 1946</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&rft.aufirst=Theos+C.&rft.aulast=Bernard&rft.btitle=A+Simplified+Grammar+of+the+Literary+Tibetan+Language&rft.date=1946&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+California&rft.pub=Tibetan+Text+Society&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li></ul> <p><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PD-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></a></span> </span>本条目包含来自<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%89%E9%A2%86%E5%9F%9F" title="公有领域">公有领域</a>出版物的文本: <cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Chisholm, Hugh (编). <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="大英百科全书"><i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> (第11版). London: <a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%8D%E6%A9%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="劍橋大學出版社">Cambridge University Press</a>. 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft.aulast=Chisholm&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=1911&rft.edition=%28%E7%AC%AC11%E7%89%88%29&rft.genre=book&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> </p> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150529164519/http://info.tibet.cn/zt2006/xzt_xzangyu/index.htm">藏文學習（内容為《藏文拼音教材》）</a></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91%E6%9B%B8" title="維基教科書">維基教科書</a>中的相關電子教程：<b><a href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/wiki/Research_on_Tibetan_Languages:_A_Bibliography" class="extiw" title="b:Research on Tibetan Languages: A Bibliography">Research on Tibetan Languages: A Bibliography</a></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">维基百科提供如下语言版本：<b><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="bo:"> Tibetan 維基百科</a></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111102072600/http://www.incks.com/en/tibetan.html">Online Keyboard for Tibetan</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"（"counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:"，"}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:"；"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="藏語" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tibetan_language" title="Template:Tibetan language"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Tibetan_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Tibetan language（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Tibetan_language" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Tibetan language"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="藏語" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="藏語">藏語</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">標準藏語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="中古藏語">中古藏語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E5%8F%A4%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="近古藏語">近古藏語</a>(古典藏語)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95" title="藏語語法">藏語語法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="藏語音系">藏語音系</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="藏语方言">方言</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E8%97%8F%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="衛藏方言">衛藏方言</a>(中部藏語)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="康方言">康方言</a>(康巴語)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A4%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="安多方言">安多方言</a>(安多藏語)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87" title="藏文">藏文</a>書寫法</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87" title="藏文">藏文基本書寫法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E9%A0%AD%E9%AB%94" title="無頭體">無頭體</a>（朱匝<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> 白徂）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E9%A0%AD%E9%AB%94" title="有頭體">有頭體</a>（Chuyik<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> Khyungyik）</li> <li>Bamyik</li> <li>區域性（Joyig<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> Monyig<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> Lhoyig）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87" title="藏文">藏文</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="藏文转写系统">轉寫</a>法</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>藏文转拉丁字母（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%88%A9%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99" title="威利转写">威利转写</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/USLC%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E8%BD%89%E5%AF%AB" title="USLC藏文轉寫">USLC藏文轉寫</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="藏文转写系统">EWTS</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E6%96%87%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E8%BD%89%E5%AF%AB%E9%AB%94%E7%B3%BB" title="梵文藏文轉寫體系">天城体转藏文</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="藏文拼音系统">拼音</a>法</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E9%9F%B3%E8%AF%91%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99%E6%B3%95" title="藏语汉语拼音字母音译转写法">藏语汉语拼音字母音译转写法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%95%99%E6%9D%90%EF%BC%88%E6%8B%89%E8%90%A8%E9%9F%B3%EF%BC%89%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="藏文拼音教材（拉萨音）拼音方案">藏文拼音教材（拉萨音）拼音方案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THL%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E8%BD%89%E5%AF%AB" title="THL藏文轉寫">THL藏文轉寫</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%B1%E8%81%BD%E4%BA%BA" title="閱聽人">閱聽輔助語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E%E7%9B%B2%E6%96%87" title="藏語盲文">藏語盲文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E6%89%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="藏语手语">藏语手语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其它相關</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87" title="藏文">藏文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="藏文转写系统">藏文转写系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="藏文拼音系统">藏文拼音系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E5%96%80%E8%AA%9E" title="宗喀語">宗喀語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E5%96%80%E8%AA%9E%E7%9B%B2%E6%96%87" title="宗喀語盲文">宗喀語盲文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%93%E6%B4%9B%E8%AF%AD" title="仓洛语">仓洛语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%A8%E5%B7%B4%E8%AF%AD" title="门巴语">门巴语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E9%9B%84%E8%AF%AD" title="象雄语">象雄语</a>(已滅絕)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E9%A9%AC%E8%AF%AD" title="白马语">白马语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E4%BD%93" title="藏体">藏体</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a>：各地 <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34271#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Tibétain (langue)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11937910z">法国</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Tibétain (langue)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11937910z">BnF data</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4117212-7">德国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007536399305171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Tibetan language"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85135224">美国</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000078516&P_CON_LNG=ENG">拉脱维亚</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00572958">日本</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="tibetština"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph126645&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=標準藏語&oldid=83852926">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=標準藏語&oldid=83852926</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%BC%A2%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF" title="Category:漢藏語系模板">漢藏語系模板</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF" title="Category:亚洲语言模板">亚洲语言模板</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AF%BC%E8%88%AA%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF" title="Category:中国语言导航模板">中国语言导航模板</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Category:中国语言">中国语言</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Category:西藏语言">西藏语言</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD" title="Category:藏语">藏语</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E4%BA%BA%E6%95%B0%E6%B2%A1%E6%9C%89%E6%B3%A8%E6%98%8E%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%9F%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:使用人数没有注明日期的语言条目">使用人数没有注明日期的语言条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:ISO_639-2%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Category:ISO 639-2代码的语言">ISO 639-2代码的语言</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:ISO_639-1%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Category:ISO 639-1代码的语言">ISO 639-1代码的语言</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E6%A1%86%E6%B2%A1%E6%9C%89%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99%E5%AD%97%E6%AE%B5%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%B1%BB%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:信息框没有参考资料字段的语言类条目">信息框没有参考资料字段的语言类条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:含有標準藏語的條目">含有標準藏語的條目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%EF%BC%9A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%9F" title="Category:引文格式1错误：日期">引文格式1错误：日期</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E8%87%AA1911%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6%E8%80%8C%E7%BC%BA%E5%B0%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:引用自1911年大英百科全书而缺少条目参数的维基百科条目">引用自1911年大英百科全书而缺少条目参数的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%891911%E5%B9%B4%E7%89%88%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:含有1911年版大英百科全书内容的维基百科条目">含有1911年版大英百科全书内容的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABBNF%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含BNF标识符的维基百科条目">包含BNF标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABBNFdata%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含BNFdata标识符的维基百科条目">包含BNFdata标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABGND%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含GND标识符的维基百科条目">包含GND标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABJ9U%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目">包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABLCCN%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目">包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABLNB%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含LNB标识符的维基百科条目">包含LNB标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNDL%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NDL标识符的维基百科条目">包含NDL标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNKC%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目">包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 本页面最后修订于2024年8月17日 (星期六) 20:33。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">本站的全部文字在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh">知识共享署名-相同方式共享 4.0协议</a>之条款下提供，附加条款亦可能应用。（请参阅<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">使用条款</a>）<br /> Wikipedia®和维基百科标志是<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/zh">维基媒体基金会</a>的注册商标；维基™是维基媒体基金会的商标。<br /> 维基媒体基金会是按美国国內稅收法501(c)(3)登记的<a class="external text" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tax_deductibility">非营利慈善机构</a>。<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">隐私政策</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E">关于维基百科</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E">免责声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行为准则</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">开发者</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh.wikipedia.org">统计</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">手机版视图</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-57488d5c7d-x6nzt","wgBackendResponseTime":171,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.582","walltime":"0.757","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7208,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":109797,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6155,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":22,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":11,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":91680,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 625.472 1 -total"," 37.40% 233.924 1 Template:Infobox_language"," 34.14% 213.556 1 Template:Infobox"," 12.26% 76.684 5 Template:Cite_book"," 12.18% 76.163 1 Template:Tibetan_language"," 11.67% 73.005 1 Template:Navbox"," 9.16% 57.320 1 Template:Authority_control"," 5.52% 34.506 5 Template:Citation"," 4.68% 29.265 1 Template:Endangered_Languages_Project"," 4.11% 25.711 2 Template:Seealso"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.285","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":4804161,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-58b97c867d-r9t85","timestamp":"20241125192007","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u6a19\u6e96\u85cf\u8a9e","url":"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q34271","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q34271","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u8d21\u732e\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2013-12-18T07:02:15Z","dateModified":"2024-08-17T20:33:59Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/e9\/Lhasa_Tibetan_language_distribution.svg","headline":"\u8bed\u8a00"}</script> </body> </html>