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<li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-15th–18th_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#15th–18th_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>15th–18th centuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-15th–18th_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_residents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_residents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notable residents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_residents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport_clubs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport_clubs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sport clubs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport_clubs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ostend</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 69 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-69" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">69 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende" title="Oostende – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Oostende" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF" title="أوستند – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أوستند" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D" title="Астэндэ – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Астэндэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D" title="Оостэндэ – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Оостэндэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Остенде – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Остенде" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende" title="Oostende – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Oostende" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende" title="Oostende – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Oostende" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende_(parokya_sa_Belhika)" title="Oostende (parokya sa Belhika) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Oostende (parokya sa Belhika)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostende" title="Ostende – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ostende" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende" title="Oostende – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Oostende" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende" title="Oostende – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Oostende" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostende" title="Ostende – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ostende" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende" title="Oostende – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Oostende" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B7" title="Οστένδη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οστένδη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostende" title="Ostende – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ostende" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostendo" title="Ostendo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ostendo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostende" title="Ostende – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ostende" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87" title="اوستنده – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اوستنده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostende" title="Ostende – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ostende" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende" title="Oostende – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Oostende" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende" title="Oostende – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Oostende" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%90%EB%8D%94" title="오스텐더 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오스텐더" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A5" title="Օստենդե – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օստենդե" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende" title="Oostende – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Oostende" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende" title="Oostende – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Oostende" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostenda" title="Ostenda – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ostenda" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%94" title="אוסטנדה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוסטנדה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende" title="Oostende – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Oostende" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostenda" title="Ostenda – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ostenda" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostende" title="Ostende – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ostende" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende" title="Oostende – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Oostende" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostend%C4%97" title="Ostendė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ostendė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende" title="Oostende – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Oostende" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende" title="Oostende – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Oostende" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende" title="Oostende – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Oostende" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Остенде – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Остенде" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF" title="اوستند – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اوستند" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende" title="Oostende – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Oostende" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende" title="Oostende – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oostende" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87" title="オーステンデ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オーステンデ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Остенде – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Остенде" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende" title="Oostende – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Oostende" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostende" title="Ostende – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ostende" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostend" title="Ostend – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ostend" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostenn" title="Oostenn – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Oostenn" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostenda" title="Ostenda – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ostenda" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende" title="Oostende – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Oostende" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende" title="Oostende – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Oostende" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Остенде – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Остенде" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende" title="Oostende – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Oostende" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende" title="Oostende – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Oostende" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostende" title="Ostende – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Ostende" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Остенде – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Остенде" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostende" title="Ostende – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ostende" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende" title="Oostende – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Oostende" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende" title="Oostende – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Oostende" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆஸ்டெண்ட் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆஸ்டெண்ட்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Остенде – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Остенде" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende" title="Oostende – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Oostende" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Остенде – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Остенде" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88" title="اوسٹینڈ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اوسٹینڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende" title="Oostende – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Oostende" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostende" title="Oostende – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Oostende" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostinde_(reban%C3%AAye_comene)" title="Ostinde (rebanêye comene) – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Ostinde (rebanêye comene)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostende" title="Ostende – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Ostende" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostend" title="Ostend – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ostend" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%BE%B7" title="奥斯坦德 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="奥斯坦德" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%C3%B4stende" title="Oôstende – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Oôstende" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ostend&params=51_13_33_N_02_55_10_E_region:BE-VLG_type:city(71,000)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°13′33″N</span> <span class="longitude">02°55′10″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.22583°N 2.91944°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.22583; 2.91944</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Municipality in West Flanders, Belgium</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ostend" title="Special:EditPage/Ostend">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Ostend%22">"Ostend"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Ostend%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Ostend%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Ostend%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Ostend%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Ostend%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Ostend_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ostend (disambiguation)">Ostend (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City and municipality in Flemish Community, Belgium</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Ostend</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Oostende</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>)</span></li><li><span title="West Flemish-language text"><i lang="vls">Ostende</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/West_Flemish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="West Flemish language">West Flemish</a>)</span></li></ul></div></div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Ostende</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/City_status_in_Belgium" title="City status in Belgium">City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Belgium" title="Municipalities of Belgium">municipality</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert-I-promenade-20040908-010.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Promenade at Ostend seaside"><img alt="Promenade at Ostend seaside" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Albert-I-promenade-20040908-010.jpg/250px-Albert-I-promenade-20040908-010.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Albert-I-promenade-20040908-010.jpg/375px-Albert-I-promenade-20040908-010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Albert-I-promenade-20040908-010.jpg/500px-Albert-I-promenade-20040908-010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Promenade at Ostend seaside</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Afbeelding_OostendeVlag.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Ostend"><img alt="Flag of Ostend" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Afbeelding_OostendeVlag.svg/100px-Afbeelding_OostendeVlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Afbeelding_OostendeVlag.svg/150px-Afbeelding_OostendeVlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Afbeelding_OostendeVlag.svg/200px-Afbeelding_OostendeVlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wapen_van_Oostende.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Ostend"><img alt="Coat of arms of Ostend" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Wapen_van_Oostende.svg/81px-Wapen_van_Oostende.svg.png" decoding="async" width="81" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Wapen_van_Oostende.svg/122px-Wapen_van_Oostende.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Wapen_van_Oostende.svg/163px-Wapen_van_Oostende.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="669" data-file-height="657" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; height:5px;">Location of Ostend</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_d33ee3ffe6640767f975fee13a438a6c4c18941e"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Ostend&revid=1252793272&groups=_d33ee3ffe6640767f975fee13a438a6c4c18941e" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Ostend&revid=1252793272&groups=_d33ee3ffe6640767f975fee13a438a6c4c18941e 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Belgium_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ostend is located in Belgium"><img alt="Ostend is located in Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Belgium_location_map.svg/250px-Belgium_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Belgium_location_map.svg/375px-Belgium_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Belgium_location_map.svg/500px-Belgium_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1136" data-file-height="988" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:22.083%;left:15.307%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Ostend"><img alt="Ostend" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Ostend</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Belgium <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="margin-top:2px; border:1px solid grey;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; font-size:115%; text-align: left; height:auto; padding:0.2em; padding-left:0.6em; padding-right:2em;">Location of Ostend in <a href="/wiki/West_Flanders" title="West Flanders">West Flanders</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: center;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oostende_West-Flanders_Belgium_Map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Oostende_West-Flanders_Belgium_Map.svg/232px-Oostende_West-Flanders_Belgium_Map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="232" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Oostende_West-Flanders_Belgium_Map.svg/348px-Oostende_West-Flanders_Belgium_Map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Oostende_West-Flanders_Belgium_Map.svg/464px-Oostende_West-Flanders_Belgium_Map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="674" data-file-height="727" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ostend&params=51_13_33_N_02_55_10_E_region:BE-VLG_type:city(71,000)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°13′33″N</span> <span class="longitude">02°55′10″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.22583°N 2.91944°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.22583; 2.91944</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Community</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Community" title="Flemish Community">Flemish Community</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Region" title="Flemish Region">Flemish Region</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Belgium" title="Provinces of Belgium">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/West_Flanders" title="West Flanders">West Flanders</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_Belgium#Administrative" title="Arrondissements of Belgium">Arrondissement</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Ostend" title="Arrondissement of Ostend">Ostend</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bart_Tommelein" title="Bart Tommelein">Bart Tommelein</a> (<a href="/wiki/Open_Vlaamse_Liberalen_en_Democraten" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten">Open VLD</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Governing party/ies</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Open_Vlaamse_Liberalen_en_Democraten" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten">Open VLD</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Flemish_Alliance" title="New Flemish Alliance">N-VA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Groen_(political_party)" title="Groen (political party)">Groen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christen-Democratisch_en_Vlaams" class="mw-redirect" title="Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams">CD&V</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">40.95 km<sup>2</sup> (15.81 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2022-01-01)<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-354c41bf74d0f15c07c40ab0a8c1dd9bfadc1f49-v18_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-354c41bf74d0f15c07c40ab0a8c1dd9bfadc1f49-v18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">71,557</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,700/km<sup>2</sup> (4,500/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Belgium" title="Postal codes in Belgium">Postal codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">8400</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/NIS_code" title="NIS code">NIS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">35013</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Belgium" title="Telephone numbers in Belgium">Area codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">059</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oostende.be/">www<wbr />.oostende<wbr />.be</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ostend</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">ost-<span style="font-size:90%">END</span></i></a>; <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">Oostende</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch" title="Help:IPA/Dutch">[oːstˈɛndə]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/9e\/Nl-Oostende.ogg\/Nl-Oostende.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Nl-Oostende.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Nl-Oostende.ogg/Nl-Oostende.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Nl-Oostende.ogg" title="File:Nl-Oostende.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> <a href="/wiki/West_Flemish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="West Flemish language">West Flemish</a>: <i lang="vls">Ostende</i>; <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Ostende</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ɔstɑ̃d]</a></span>; <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">East End</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a coastal <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_Belgium" title="City status in Belgium">city</a> and <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_in_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities in Belgium">municipality</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Belgium" title="Provinces of Belgium">province</a> of <a href="/wiki/West_Flanders" title="West Flanders">West Flanders</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Flemish_Region" title="Flemish Region">Flemish Region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>. It comprises the boroughs of <a href="/wiki/Mariakerke_(West_Flanders)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mariakerke (West Flanders)">Mariakerke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raversijde" title="Raversijde">Raversijde</a>, Stene and Zandvoorde, and the city of Ostend proper – the largest on the Belgian coast. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ostend&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ostend&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a>, Ostend was a small village built on the east-end (<span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">oost-einde</i></span>) of an island (originally called <a href="/wiki/Testerep" title="Testerep">Testerep</a>) between the North Sea and a beach lake. Although small, the village rose to the status of "town" around 1265, when the inhabitants were allowed to hold a market and to build a market hall. </p><p>The major source of income for the inhabitants was fishing. The <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a> coastline has always been rather unstable due to the power of the water. In 1395 the inhabitants decided to build a new Ostend behind large <a href="/wiki/Dike_(construction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dike (construction)">dikes</a> and further away from the always-threatening sea. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="15th–18th_centuries"><span id="15th.E2.80.9318th_centuries"></span>15th–18th centuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ostend&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 15th–18th centuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ostend,_Belgium_;_Ferraris_Map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Ostend%2C_Belgium_%3B_Ferraris_Map.jpg/220px-Ostend%2C_Belgium_%3B_Ferraris_Map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Ostend%2C_Belgium_%3B_Ferraris_Map.jpg/330px-Ostend%2C_Belgium_%3B_Ferraris_Map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Ostend%2C_Belgium_%3B_Ferraris_Map.jpg/440px-Ostend%2C_Belgium_%3B_Ferraris_Map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="652" data-file-height="564" /></a><figcaption>Ostend on the <a href="/wiki/Ferraris_map" title="Ferraris map">Ferraris map</a> (around 1775)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sint-Petrus-en-Pauluskerk_(Oostende)_1-08-2024_13-43-45.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Sint-Petrus-en-Pauluskerk_%28Oostende%29_1-08-2024_13-43-45.jpg/170px-Sint-Petrus-en-Pauluskerk_%28Oostende%29_1-08-2024_13-43-45.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Sint-Petrus-en-Pauluskerk_%28Oostende%29_1-08-2024_13-43-45.jpg/255px-Sint-Petrus-en-Pauluskerk_%28Oostende%29_1-08-2024_13-43-45.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Sint-Petrus-en-Pauluskerk_%28Oostende%29_1-08-2024_13-43-45.jpg/340px-Sint-Petrus-en-Pauluskerk_%28Oostende%29_1-08-2024_13-43-45.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3160" data-file-height="5180" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sint-Petrus-en-Pauluskerk" title="Sint-Petrus-en-Pauluskerk">St Petrus and St Paulus Church</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oostende_Europacentrum_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Oostende_Europacentrum_01.jpg/170px-Oostende_Europacentrum_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Oostende_Europacentrum_01.jpg/255px-Oostende_Europacentrum_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Oostende_Europacentrum_01.jpg/340px-Oostende_Europacentrum_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1873" data-file-height="2563" /></a><figcaption>Beach, seafront and Europacenter building</figcaption></figure> <p>The strategic position on the North Sea coast had major advantages for Ostend as a harbour but also proved to be a source of trouble. The town was frequently taken, ravaged, ransacked and destroyed by conquering armies. The <a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch</a> rebels, the <a href="/wiki/Geuzen" title="Geuzen">Gueuzen</a>, took control of the town. The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ostend" title="Siege of Ostend">Siege of Ostend</a>, 1601 to 1604, of which it was said that "the Spanish assailed the unassailable and the Dutch defended the indefensible", cost a combined total of more than 80,000 dead or wounded, making it the single bloodiest battle of the <a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Eighty Years' War">Eighty Years' War</a>. This shocking event set in motion negotiations that led to a truce several years later. When the truce broke down, it became a <a href="/wiki/Dunkirker" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunkirker">Dunkirker</a> base. </p><p>After this era, Ostend was turned into a harbour of some importance. In 1722, the Dutch again closed off the entrance to the world's biggest harbour of <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Westerschelde" class="mw-redirect" title="Westerschelde">Westerschelde</a>. Therefore, Ostend rose in importance because the town provided an alternative exit to the sea. The <a href="/wiki/Southern_Netherlands" title="Southern Netherlands">Belgium Austriacum</a> had become part of the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a>. The Austrian Emperor <a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles VI</a> granted the town the trade monopoly with Africa and the Far-East. The <a href="/wiki/Oostendse_Compagnie" class="mw-redirect" title="Oostendse Compagnie">Oostendse Compagnie</a> (Ostend trade company) was allowed to found colonies overseas. However, in 1727 the Oostendse Compagnie was forced to stop its activities because of Dutch and British pressure. The Netherlands and Britain would not allow competitors on the international trade level. Both nations regarded international trade as "their" privilege. </p><p>There was a <a href="/wiki/Jewish_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish community">Jewish community</a> in Ostend, which was first noted in the 16th century.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ostend&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 19 September 1826, the local <a href="/wiki/Artillery_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Artillery magazine">artillery magazine</a> exploded. At least 20 people were killed and a further 200 injured. The affluent quarter of d'Hargras was levelled and scarcely a building in the city escaped damage. Disease followed the devastation leading to further deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The harbour of Ostend continued to expand because the harbour dock, as well as the traffic connections with the hinterland, were improved. In 1838, a railway connection with <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> was constructed. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Ostend became a transit harbour to England in 1846 when the first ferry sailed to <a href="/wiki/Dover" title="Dover">Dover</a>. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> An October 1854 meeting of American envoys led to the <a href="/wiki/Ostend_Manifesto" title="Ostend Manifesto">Ostend Manifesto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Important for the image of the town was the attention it started to receive from the Belgian kings <a href="/wiki/Leopold_I_of_Belgium" title="Leopold I of Belgium">Leopold I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leopold_II_of_Belgium" title="Leopold II of Belgium">Leopold II</a>. Both monarchs liked to spend their holidays in Ostend. Important monuments and villas were built to please the Royal Family, including the <a href="/wiki/Hippodrome_Wellington" title="Hippodrome Wellington">Hippodrome Wellington</a> horse racing track and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Galleries_of_Ostend" title="Royal Galleries of Ostend">Royal Galleries</a>. The rest of aristocratic Belgium followed and soon Ostend became known as "the queen of the Belgian sea-side resorts".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1866, Ostend was the venue for a crucial meeting of exile Spanish Liberals and Republicans which laid the framework for a major uprising in their country, <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> culminating in Spain's <a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution_(Spain)" title="Glorious Revolution (Spain)">Glorious Revolution</a> two years later. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ostend&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ostend (in common with nearly the entirety of the country) was occupied by <a href="/wiki/German_Army_(German_Empire)" class="mw-redirect" title="German Army (German Empire)">German forces</a> and used as an access point to the sea for submarines and other light naval forces for much of the duration of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> As a consequence, the port was subjected to two <a href="/wiki/First_Ostend_Raid" title="First Ostend Raid">naval assaults</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a>. </p><p>The town hosted all of the <a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1920_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1920 Summer Olympics">sailing</a> events for the <a href="/wiki/1920_Summer_Olympics" title="1920 Summer Olympics">1920 Summer Olympics</a> for <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only the finals of the <a href="/wiki/12_foot_dinghy" title="12 foot dinghy">12 foot dinghy</a> were sailed in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>. Ostend also hosted the <a href="/wiki/Polo_at_the_1920_Summer_Olympics" title="Polo at the 1920 Summer Olympics">polo</a> events.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> involved a second occupation of the town by Germany within a period of little more than twenty years; an occupation which it shared this time with most of northern Europe. Both conflicts brought significant destruction to Ostend. In addition, other opulent buildings which had survived the wars were later replaced with structures in the <a href="/wiki/Modernist_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Modernist architecture">modernist architecture</a> style. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ostend&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ostend's Winter in the Park festival draws more than 600,000 people to the seaside city. During December, Ostend's Christmas market, one of the largest in Europe, features vendors and food sellers along with ice skating, music and other events. A light-show tunnel on one of the major shopping streets attracts and amuses visitors from all over Belgium, Europe and beyond.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sights">Sights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ostend&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ostend is known for its sea-side esplanade, including the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Galleries_of_Ostend" title="Royal Galleries of Ostend">Royal Galleries of Ostend</a>, pier, and fine-sand beaches. Ostend is visited by many day-trippers heading to the beaches, especially during July and August. Tourists from inland Belgium and from abroad mostly arrive by train (day trips) and head for the closest beach area, the <i>Klein Strand</i>, located next to the pier. The locals and other residents in Belgium usually occupy the larger beach (het Groot Strand). </p><p>Near the beach is a well-preserved section of the fortified <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Wall" title="Atlantic Wall">Atlantic Wall</a>, open to the public as the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Wall_Open_Air_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Wall Open Air Museum">Atlantic Wall Open Air Museum</a> located in <a href="/wiki/Raversijde" title="Raversijde">Raversijde</a>. One can walk through the streets around <i>Het Vissersplein</i>. At certain times, there are markets in the neighbourhood streets and in the summer the <i>Vissersplein</i> has music festivals. The <i>Vissersplein</i> (<i>Bonenstraat</i>/<i>Kadzandstraat</i>) is a car free zone with many brasseries where patrons can sit outside and have a drink. Towards the port side there are many little fish outlets, and beyond that the ferries can be observed docking. </p><p>Notable sites include: </p> <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Casino" title="Casino">Casino</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fort_Napoleon,_Ostend" title="Fort Napoleon, Ostend">Fort Napoleon, Ostend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oostende_railway_station" title="Oostende railway station">Oostende railway station</a></li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Mercator_(ship)" title="Mercator (ship)">Mercator</a></i>, the ex–training sailing ship for Belgian merchant navy officers, now open to the public to view</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippodrome_Wellington" title="Hippodrome Wellington">Hippodrome Wellington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horse_racing" title="Horse racing">horse racing</a> venue</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Petrus_and_St_Paulus_Church,_Ostend" class="mw-redirect" title="St Petrus and St Paulus Church, Ostend">St Petrus and St Paulus Church, Ostend</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Sint-Petrus-en-Pauluskerk" title="Sint-Petrus-en-Pauluskerk">Sint-Petrus-en-Pauluskerk</a></i>), built in <a href="/wiki/Neo_Gothic" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo Gothic">Neo Gothic</a> style</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Leopold_II_statue_(Ostend)" class="mw-redirect" title="King Leopold II statue (Ostend)">King Leopold II statue</a></li> <li>Synagoge Oostende</li></ul> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1208px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oostende_panoramic_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ostend beach and the promenade pier – panoramic view"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Oostende_panoramic_view.jpg/1200px-Oostende_panoramic_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="1200" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Oostende_panoramic_view.jpg/1800px-Oostende_panoramic_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Oostende_panoramic_view.jpg/2400px-Oostende_panoramic_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4200" data-file-height="839" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Oostende_panoramic_view.jpg" title="File:Oostende panoramic view.jpg"> </a></div>Ostend beach and the promenade pier – panoramic view</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Museums">Museums</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ostend&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/James_Ensor" title="James Ensor">James Ensor</a> museum can be visited in the house where the artist lived from 1917 until 1949. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Mu.Zee" class="mw-redirect" title="Mu.Zee">Mu.Zee</a> (merged from the <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Provinciaal Museum voor de Moderne Kunst</i></span> and the <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Museum voor Schone Kunsten</i></span>) is the museum of modern art (from the 1830s to the present) and displays works of noted local painters such as <a href="/wiki/James_Ensor" title="James Ensor">James Ensor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leon_Spilliaert" class="mw-redirect" title="Leon Spilliaert">Leon Spilliaert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constant_Permeke" title="Constant Permeke">Constant Permeke</a> and the revolutionary post-war Belgian <a href="/wiki/COBRA_(avant-garde_movement)" class="mw-redirect" title="COBRA (avant-garde movement)">COBRA</a> movement amongst others. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ostend&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ostend has a maritime temperate climate, influenced by winds from the North Sea, making summers cooler than inland Europe. 24-hour average temperatures below the freezing point is a rare occurrence. According to the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Köppen Climate Classification">Köppen Climate Classification</a> system, Ostend has a <a href="/wiki/Marine_west_coast_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine west coast climate">marine west coast climate</a>, abbreviated "Cfb" on climate maps.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Ostend (1991–2020 normals, extremes since 1973) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0<br />(57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7<br />(74.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(78.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.8<br />(89.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.9<br />(91.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">37.8<br />(100.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.6<br />(96.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.1<br />(89.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2<br />(66.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1900; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">37.8<br />(100.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8<br />(44.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2<br />(50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC082; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.5<br />(56.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1<br />(59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5<br />(50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3<br />(45.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1<br />(39.4) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4<br />(39.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5<br />(43.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4<br />(59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4<br />(63.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6<br />(63.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6<br />(45.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8<br />(40.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.5<br />(50.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4<br />(34.5) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3<br />(34.3) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.9<br />(37.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8<br />(40.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6<br />(47.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5<br />(52.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4<br />(56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.2<br />(55.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8<br />(46.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7<br />(40.5) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2<br />(36.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.9<br />(44.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.0<br />(5.0) </td> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.3<br />(9.9) </td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.3<br />(11.7) </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.9<br />(23.2) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.0<br />(30.2) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6<br />(36.7) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3<br />(37.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6<br />(33.1) </td> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.4<br />(22.3) </td> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.4<br />(18.7) </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.0<br />(12.2) </td> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−15.0<br />(5.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #A2FFA2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.1<br />(2.44) </td> <td style="background: #A3FFA3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.2<br />(2.21) </td> <td style="background: #B8FFB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.3<br />(1.86) </td> <td style="background: #C0FFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.6<br />(1.60) </td> <td style="background: #AEFFAE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.9<br />(2.12) </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.5<br />(2.46) </td> <td style="background: #9AFF9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.6<br />(2.66) </td> <td style="background: #82FF82; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.6<br />(3.29) </td> <td style="background: #8DFF8D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.0<br />(2.91) </td> <td style="background: #88FF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.7<br />(3.14) </td> <td style="background: #78FF78; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.6<br />(3.45) </td> <td style="background: #7FFF7F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.8<br />(3.38) </td> <td style="background: #99FF99; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">800.9<br />(31.52) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #6C6CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 </td> <td style="background: #7070FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 </td> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3 </td> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7 </td> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 </td> <td style="background: #6969FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.5 </td> <td style="background: #5555FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.7 </td> <td style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">126.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #787878; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #AAAAA6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #C1C11E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">144 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">206 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">230 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">232 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">238 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">223 </td> <td style="background: #D0D000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">171 </td> <td style="background: #B6B65D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">121 </td> <td style="background: #808080; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #626262; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">54 </td> <td style="background: #C6C600; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,839 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Meteorological_Institute" title="Royal Meteorological Institute">Royal Meteorological Institute</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Infoclimat<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ostend&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ostend%E2%80%93Bruges_International_Airport" title="Ostend–Bruges International Airport">Ostend–Bruges International Airport</a> located 5 km (3 miles) from Ostend is primarily a freight airport but offers passenger flights to leisure destinations in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Europe" title="Southern Europe">Southern Europe</a> and Turkey. <a href="/wiki/TUI_fly_Belgium" title="TUI fly Belgium">TUI fly Belgium</a> has its headquarters in Ostend.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/TAAG_Angola_Airlines" title="TAAG Angola Airlines">TAAG Angola Airlines</a>'s Ostend offices are on the grounds of Ostend Airport.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Ostend_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Ostend railway station">Ostend railway station</a> is a major <a href="/wiki/Transport_hub" title="Transport hub">hub</a> on the <a href="/wiki/National_Railway_Company_of_Belgium" title="National Railway Company of Belgium">National Railway Company of Belgium</a> network with frequent InterCity trains serving <a href="/wiki/Brugge_railway_station" title="Brugge railway station">Brugge railway station</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gent-Sint-Pieters_railway_station" title="Gent-Sint-Pieters railway station">Gent-Sint-Pieters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brussels_South_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Brussels South railway station">Brussels South</a> and <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge-Guillemins_railway_station" title="Liège-Guillemins railway station">Liège-Guillemins</a> on <a href="/wiki/Belgian_railway_line_50A" title="Belgian railway line 50A">Belgian railway line 50A</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Coast_Tram_(Belgium)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coast Tram (Belgium)">Coast Tram</a> connects Ostend with <a href="/wiki/De_Panne" title="De Panne">De Panne</a> to the south and <a href="/wiki/Knokke-Heist" title="Knokke-Heist">Knokke-Heist</a> in the north. </p><p>Ostend formerly had busy ferry routes to <a href="/wiki/Dover" title="Dover">Dover</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ramsgate" title="Ramsgate">Ramsgate</a>, but the last of these services ended with the failure of <a href="/wiki/TransEuropa_Ferries" class="mw-redirect" title="TransEuropa Ferries">TransEuropa Ferries</a> in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ostend&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Casino_Kursaal.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Casino Kursaal"><img alt="Casino Kursaal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Casino_Kursaal.jpg/120px-Casino_Kursaal.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Casino_Kursaal.jpg/180px-Casino_Kursaal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Casino_Kursaal.jpg/240px-Casino_Kursaal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Casino Kursaal</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ostend_pier_20040908-002.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pier"><img alt="Pier" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Ostend_pier_20040908-002.jpg/120px-Ostend_pier_20040908-002.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Ostend_pier_20040908-002.jpg/180px-Ostend_pier_20040908-002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Ostend_pier_20040908-002.jpg/240px-Ostend_pier_20040908-002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pier</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20040909-003-oostende-mercator.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Museum-ship, the barquentine Mercator"><img alt="Museum-ship, the barquentine Mercator" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/20040909-003-oostende-mercator.jpg/120px-20040909-003-oostende-mercator.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/20040909-003-oostende-mercator.jpg/180px-20040909-003-oostende-mercator.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/20040909-003-oostende-mercator.jpg/240px-20040909-003-oostende-mercator.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Museum-ship, the barquentine <a href="/wiki/Mercator_(ship)" title="Mercator (ship)"><i>Mercator</i></a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Station_Oostende_Gebouw.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Oostende railway station"><img alt="Oostende railway station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Station_Oostende_Gebouw.jpg/120px-Station_Oostende_Gebouw.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Station_Oostende_Gebouw.jpg/180px-Station_Oostende_Gebouw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Station_Oostende_Gebouw.jpg/240px-Station_Oostende_Gebouw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3871" data-file-height="2177" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Oostende_railway_station" title="Oostende railway station">Oostende railway station</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tramstation_Oostende_in_2009_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tram station"><img alt="Tram station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Tramstation_Oostende_in_2009_2.jpg/120px-Tramstation_Oostende_in_2009_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Tramstation_Oostende_in_2009_2.jpg/180px-Tramstation_Oostende_in_2009_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Tramstation_Oostende_in_2009_2.jpg/240px-Tramstation_Oostende_in_2009_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tram station</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Watertoren_Maria_Hendrika_park.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Municipal park"><img alt="Municipal park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bd/Watertoren_Maria_Hendrika_park.JPG/120px-Watertoren_Maria_Hendrika_park.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bd/Watertoren_Maria_Hendrika_park.JPG/180px-Watertoren_Maria_Hendrika_park.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bd/Watertoren_Maria_Hendrika_park.JPG/240px-Watertoren_Maria_Hendrika_park.JPG 2x" data-file-width="898" data-file-height="602" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Municipal park</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Renbaan(07).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hippodrome Wellington"><img alt="Hippodrome Wellington" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Renbaan%2807%29.jpg/120px-Renbaan%2807%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Renbaan%2807%29.jpg/180px-Renbaan%2807%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Renbaan%2807%29.jpg/240px-Renbaan%2807%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="828" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Hippodrome_Wellington" title="Hippodrome Wellington">Hippodrome Wellington</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Peperbusse.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Peperbusse, the tower of a burned down church"><img alt="The Peperbusse, the tower of a burned down church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Peperbusse.jpg/90px-Peperbusse.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Peperbusse.jpg/135px-Peperbusse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Peperbusse.jpg/180px-Peperbusse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <i>Peperbusse</i>, the tower of a burned down church</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vissershuisje_Ostend.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fisherman's house from 1729 (Kapucijnenstraat)"><img alt="Fisherman's house from 1729 (Kapucijnenstraat)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Vissershuisje_Ostend.jpg/81px-Vissershuisje_Ostend.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Vissershuisje_Ostend.jpg/121px-Vissershuisje_Ostend.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Vissershuisje_Ostend.jpg/162px-Vissershuisje_Ostend.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="890" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fisherman's house from 1729 (Kapucijnenstraat)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Synagoge_Oostende_(55414).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Ostend Synagogue"><img alt="The Ostend Synagogue" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Synagoge_Oostende_%2855414%29.jpg/78px-Synagoge_Oostende_%2855414%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="78" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Synagoge_Oostende_%2855414%29.jpg/117px-Synagoge_Oostende_%2855414%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Synagoge_Oostende_%2855414%29.jpg/156px-Synagoge_Oostende_%2855414%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1951" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Ostend Synagogue</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ostend&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ostend is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco"><img alt="Monaco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/19px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/29px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/38px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Municipality_of_Monaco" title="Municipality of Monaco">Monaco</a>, Monaco (1958)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia"><img alt="The Gambia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/35px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/45px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Banjul" title="Banjul">Banjul</a>, Gambia (2003)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ostende,_Buenos_Aires" title="Ostende, Buenos Aires">Ostende</a>, Argentina (2021)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_residents">Notable residents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ostend&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notable residents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>References to these notable citizens of Ostend can be found on the oostende.be website.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lilian_Baels" title="Lilian Baels">Lilian Baels</a>, princess</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Marie_Francois_Beernaert" class="mw-redirect" title="Auguste Marie Francois Beernaert">Auguste Marie Francois Beernaert</a>, prime minister and <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> recipient</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Belpaire" title="Alfred Belpaire">Alfred Belpaire</a>, locomotive engineer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Brackx" title="Gerard Brackx">Gerard Brackx</a>, tourism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Crombez" title="John Crombez">John Crombez</a>, politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesar_De_Paepe" class="mw-redirect" title="Cesar De Paepe">Cesar De Paepe</a>, syndicalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liza_%27N%27_Eliaz" title="Liza 'N' Eliaz">Liza 'N' Eliaz</a>, hardcore DJ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ensor" title="James Ensor">James Ensor</a>, painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jelle_Florizoone" title="Jelle Florizoone">Jelle Florizoone</a>, actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Gaye" title="Marvin Gaye">Marvin Gaye</a>, musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Gysius" title="Johannes Gysius">Johannes Gysius</a>, historian<sup id="cite_ref-Kranenborg_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kranenborg-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arno_Hintjens" class="mw-redirect" title="Arno Hintjens">Arno Hintjens</a>, lead singer of <a href="/wiki/TC_Matic" title="TC Matic">TC Matic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karel_Jonckheere" title="Karel Jonckheere">Karel Jonckheere</a>, writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimi_Lamote" title="Mimi Lamote">Mimi Lamote</a>, businesswoman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefaan_Maene" title="Stefaan Maene">Stefaan Maene</a>, backstroke swimmer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Minnebo" title="Hubert Minnebo">Hubert Minnebo</a>, sculptor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Jos%C3%A9_of_Belgium" title="Marie-José of Belgium">Marie-José of Belgium</a>, princess, then last queen of Italy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divock_Origi" title="Divock Origi">Divock Origi</a>, footballer (born here but grew up elsewhere)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louise of Orléans">Louise of Orléans</a>, first <a href="/wiki/Queen_of_the_Belgians" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen of the Belgians">queen of the Belgians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constant_Permeke" title="Constant Permeke">Constant Permeke</a>, expressionist painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Remaut" title="Roger Remaut">Roger Remaut</a>, painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Servais" title="Raoul Servais">Raoul Servais</a>, filmmaker</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustaaf_Sorel" title="Gustaaf Sorel">Gustaaf Sorel</a>, painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Spilliaert" class="mw-redirect" title="Leon Spilliaert">Leon Spilliaert</a>, painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Storck" title="Henri Storck">Henri Storck</a>, author, filmmaker, and documentarian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Triffin" title="Robert Triffin">Robert Triffin</a>, economist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Van_De_Walle" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Van De Walle">Robert Van De Walle</a>, judoka</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bart_van_den_Bossche" class="mw-redirect" title="Bart van den Bossche">Bart van den Bossche</a>, singer, actor, and radio/TV presenter</li> <li>Peter Van Heirseele (<a href="/wiki/Herr_Seele" title="Herr Seele">Herr Seele</a>), cartoonist (<i><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_Henk" title="Cowboy Henk">Cowboy Henk</a></i>), painter and performer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Vande_Lanotte" title="Johan Vande Lanotte">Johan Vande Lanotte</a>, politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Vanloo" title="Julie Vanloo">Julie Vanloo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_National_Basketball_Association" title="Women's National Basketball Association">WNBA</a> point guard</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Vanmoerkerke" title="Rudolf Vanmoerkerke">Rudolf Vanmoerkerke</a>, businessman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katrien_Vermeire" title="Katrien Vermeire">Katrien Vermeire</a>, artist</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport_clubs">Sport clubs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ostend&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sport clubs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BC_Oostende" title="BC Oostende">BC Oostende</a> (basketball)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes_Volley_Oostende" title="Hermes Volley Oostende">Hermes Volley Oostende</a> (volleyball)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K.V._Oostende" title="K.V. Oostende">K.V. Oostende</a> (<a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington_Golf_Oostende" class="mw-redirect" title="Wellington Golf Oostende">Wellington Golf Oostende</a> (golf)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ostend&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ostend has been used as a film location by numerous directors. The movies <i><a href="/wiki/Place_Vend%C3%B4me_(film)" title="Place Vendôme (film)">Place Vendôme</a></i> with <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Deneuve" title="Catherine Deneuve">Catherine Deneuve</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_Darkness" title="Daughters of Darkness">Daughters of Darkness</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with <a href="/wiki/Delphine_Seyrig" title="Delphine Seyrig">Delphine Seyrig</a> as <a href="/wiki/Countess_Bathory" class="mw-redirect" title="Countess Bathory">Countess Bathory</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/Armaguedon" title="Armaguedon">Armaguedon</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with <a href="/wiki/Alain_Delon" title="Alain Delon">Alain Delon</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/Camping_Cosmos" title="Camping Cosmos">Camping Cosmos</a></i> with <a href="/wiki/Lolo_Ferrari" title="Lolo Ferrari">Lolo Ferrari</a>; and <i><a href="/wiki/Ex_Drummer" title="Ex Drummer">Ex Drummer</a></i>, based on the novel by <a href="/wiki/Herman_Brusselmans" title="Herman Brusselmans">Herman Brusselmans</a>; were partially shot in Ostend. </p><p>The comic <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Bal_du_rat_mort&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Bal du rat mort (page does not exist)">Le Bal du rat mort</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Bal_du_rat_mort" class="extiw" title="fr:Le Bal du rat mort">fr</a>]</span></i>, about a dreadful invasion of rats, is set in Ostend. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ostend&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greenbridge_science_park" title="Greenbridge science park">Greenbridge science park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostend_Manifesto" title="Ostend Manifesto">Ostend Manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Ostend" title="Port of Ostend">Port of Ostend</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ostend&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-354c41bf74d0f15c07c40ab0a8c1dd9bfadc1f49-v18-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-354c41bf74d0f15c07c40ab0a8c1dd9bfadc1f49-v18_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statbel.fgov.be/sites/default/files/files/documents/bevolking/5.1%20Structuur%20van%20de%20bevolking/Bevolking_per_gemeente.xlsx">"Bevolking per gemeente op 1 januari 2022"</a>. Statbel.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bevolking+per+gemeente+op+1+januari+2022&rft.pub=Statbel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatbel.fgov.be%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fbevolking%2F5.1%2520Structuur%2520van%2520de%2520bevolking%2FBevolking_per_gemeente.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOstend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMangold2005" class="citation cs2">Mangold, Max (2005), <i>Das Aussprachewörterbuch</i>, Duden, pp. 598 and 603, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783411040667" title="Special:BookSources/9783411040667"><bdi>9783411040667</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+Aussprachew%C3%B6rterbuch&rft.pages=598+and+603&rft.pub=Duden&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9783411040667&rft.aulast=Mangold&rft.aufirst=Max&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOstend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jguideeurope.org/en/region/belgium/ostende/">"Ostend"</a>. <i>JGuide Europe</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JGuide+Europe&rft.atitle=Ostend&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjguideeurope.org%2Fen%2Fregion%2Fbelgium%2Fostende%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOstend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Explosion at Ostend</i>, <a href="/wiki/The_Manchester_Guardian_and_British_Volunteer" class="mw-redirect" title="The Manchester Guardian and British Volunteer">The Manchester Guardian and British Volunteer</a>, 30 September 1826</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/David_M._Potter" title="David M. Potter">Potter, David M.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Don_E._Fehrenbacher" title="Don E. Fehrenbacher">Fehrenbacher, Don M.</a> (1976), <i>The Impending Crisis, 1848-1861</i>, reprint, n.d., New York: Harper Torchbooks, Ch.8, "The Ebb Tide of Manifest Destiny," p. 190. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-131929-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-131929-5">0-06-131929-5</a> .</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200417060243/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1920/SAI/">"1920 Summer Olympics sailing"</a>. Sports-reference.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1920/SAI/">the original</a> on 17 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1920+Summer+Olympics+sailing&rft.pub=Sports-reference.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sports-reference.com%2Folympics%2Fsummer%2F1920%2FSAI%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOstend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200418132515/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1920/POL/mens-polo.html">"1920 Summer Olympics polo"</a>. Sports-reference.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1920/POL/mens-polo.html">the original</a> on 18 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1920+Summer+Olympics+polo&rft.pub=Sports-reference.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sports-reference.com%2Folympics%2Fsummer%2F1920%2FPOL%2Fmens-polo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOstend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hetostendsnieuws.be/economie/toerisme-oostende/kerstvakantie-trok-600-000-mensen-naar-de-kust">"Kerstvakantie trok 600.000 mensen naar de kust"</a>. 6 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kerstvakantie+trok+600.000+mensen+naar+de+kust&rft.date=2020-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhetostendsnieuws.be%2Feconomie%2Ftoerisme-oostende%2Fkerstvakantie-trok-600-000-mensen-naar-de-kust&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOstend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=70460&cityname=Oostende%2C+West+Flanders%2C+Belgium&units=">"Climate Summary for Ostend, Belgium"</a>. Weatherbase.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+Summary+for+Ostend%2C+Belgium&rft.pub=Weatherbase.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weatherbase.com%2Fweather%2Fweather-summary.php3%3Fs%3D70460%26cityname%3DOostende%252C%2BWest%2BFlanders%252C%2BBelgium%26units%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOstend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.meteo.be/resources/climatology/climateCity/pdf/climate_INS35013_9120_nl.pdf">"Klimaatstatistiek van de Belgische gemeenten"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Dutch). <a href="/wiki/Royal_Meteorological_Institute" title="Royal Meteorological Institute">Royal Meteorological Institute</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Klimaatstatistiek+van+de+Belgische+gemeenten&rft.pub=Royal+Meteorological+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.meteo.be%2Fresources%2Fclimatology%2FclimateCity%2Fpdf%2Fclimate_INS35013_9120_nl.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOstend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie/normales-records/1991-2020/oostende/valeurs/06407.html">"Normales et records climatologiques 1991-2020 à Oostende"</a> (in French). Infoclimat<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Normales+et+records+climatologiques+1991-2020+%C3%A0+Oostende&rft.pub=Infoclimat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoclimat.fr%2Fclimatologie%2Fnormales-records%2F1991-2020%2Foostende%2Fvaleurs%2F06407.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOstend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jetairfly.com/pdf_docs/TRTO_en.pdf">TUIfly Academy Brussels</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120217003040/https://www.jetairfly.com/pdf_docs/TRTO_en.pdf">Archived</a> 17 February 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <a href="/wiki/Jetairfly" class="mw-redirect" title="Jetairfly">Jetairfly</a>. Retrieved 23 October 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taag.com/en/taag-offices.aspx">TAAG Offices</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100129223015/http://www.taag.com/en/taag-offices.aspx">Archived</a> 29 January 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <a href="/wiki/TAAG_Angola_Airlines" title="TAAG Angola Airlines">TAAG Angola Airlines</a>. Retrieved 23 January 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.kentlive.news/transeuropa-ferries-suspend-services-ramsgate/story-18779363-detail/story.html">[1]</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2020">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>.". Retrieved 1 April 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oostende.be/internationaal">"Internationaal"</a>. <i>oostende.be</i> (in Dutch). Ostend<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oostende.be&rft.atitle=Internationaal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oostende.be%2Finternationaal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOstend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110307072654/http://archief.oostende.be/Alle%20biografie%C3%ABn/2534/default_archief.aspx?id=599&pg=1436">"Oostendse biografieën"</a>. Archief.oostende.be. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archief.oostende.be/Alle%20biografie%C3%ABn/2534/default_archief.aspx?id=599&pg=1436">the original</a> on 7 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oostendse+biografie%C3%ABn&rft.pub=Archief.oostende.be&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchief.oostende.be%2FAlle%2520biografie%25C3%25ABn%2F2534%2Fdefault_archief.aspx%3Fid%3D599%26pg%3D1436&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOstend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kranenborg-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kranenborg_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKranenborg" class="citation web cs1">Kranenborg, J.B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kranenborg.info/cgrootkw/a9.htm">"Ancestors of Cornelis Leendert de Groot"</a>. <i>Ninth Generation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ninth+Generation&rft.atitle=Ancestors+of+Cornelis+Leendert+de+Groot&rft.aulast=Kranenborg&rft.aufirst=J.B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kranenborg.info%2Fcgrootkw%2Fa9.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOstend" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0067690/"><i>Daughters of Darkness</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631568#P345" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070312095725/http://french.imdb.com/title/tt0074153/combined">"Armaguedon"</a>. French.imdb.com. 1 May 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://french.imdb.com/title/tt0074153/combined">the original</a> on 12 March 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Armaguedon&rft.pub=French.imdb.com&rft.date=2009-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffrench.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0074153%2Fcombined&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOstend" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ostend&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHendy1991" class="citation book cs1">Hendy, John (1991). <i>The Dover–Ostend Line</i>. Staplehurst, Kent: Ferry Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/095135065X" title="Special:BookSources/095135065X"><bdi>095135065X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dover%E2%80%93Ostend+Line&rft.place=Staplehurst%2C+Kent&rft.pub=Ferry+Publications&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=095135065X&rft.aulast=Hendy&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOstend" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPattheeuws2015" class="citation book cs1">Pattheeuws, Stephen (2015). <i>The Ostend Ferry: From Start to Finish</i>. Ramsey, Isle of Man: Ferry Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781906608804" title="Special:BookSources/9781906608804"><bdi>9781906608804</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ostend+Ferry%3A+From+Start+to+Finish&rft.place=Ramsey%2C+Isle+of+Man&rft.pub=Ferry+Publications&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781906608804&rft.aulast=Pattheeuws&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOstend" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ostend&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ostend" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ostend">Ostend</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Ostend#Q12996" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Ostend">Ostend</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ostend"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Ostend">"Ostend" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ostend&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOstend" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oostende.be">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="languageicon">(in Dutch)</span>, limited information available in French, English and German.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.toerisme-oostende.be/default.asp?LanguageCode=E">Toerisme Oostende – English edition – extensive</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060209212452/http://www.toerisme-oostende.be/default.asp?LanguageCode=E">Archived</a> 9 February 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Ostend" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Ostend</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a></i></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><i><a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a></i></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Ostend</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Bredene" title="Bredene">Bredene</a>, <a href="/wiki/De_Haan,_Belgium" title="De Haan, Belgium">De Haan</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Middelkerke" title="Middelkerke">Middelkerke</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gistel" title="Gistel">Gistel</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oudenburg" title="Oudenburg">Oudenburg</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Belgian_Coast_Tram_route" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Belgian_Coast_Tram" title="Template:Belgian Coast Tram"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Belgian_Coast_Tram" title="Template talk:Belgian Coast Tram"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Belgian_Coast_Tram" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Belgian Coast Tram"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Belgian_Coast_Tram_route" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Coast_Tram" title="Coast Tram">Belgian Coast Tram</a> route</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Knokke-Heist" title="Knokke-Heist">Knokke-Heist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Knokke" title="Knokke">Knokke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heist-aan-Zee" title="Heist-aan-Zee">Heist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeebrugge" title="Zeebrugge">Zeebrugge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blankenberge" title="Blankenberge">Blankenberge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenduine" title="Wenduine">Wenduine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Haan,_Belgium" title="De Haan, Belgium">De Haan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bredene" title="Bredene">Bredene</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ostend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raversijde" title="Raversijde">Raversijde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middelkerke" title="Middelkerke">Middelkerke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westende" title="Westende">Westende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombardsijde" title="Lombardsijde">Lombardsijde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium" title="Nieuwpoort, Belgium">Nieuwpoort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oostduinkerke" title="Oostduinkerke">Oostduinkerke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koksijde" title="Koksijde">Koksijde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Panne" title="De Panne">De Panne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_in_the_Province_of_West_Flanders,_Flanders,_Belgium" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Municipalities_in_West_Flanders" title="Template:Municipalities in West Flanders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Municipalities_in_West_Flanders" title="Template talk:Municipalities in West Flanders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Municipalities_in_West_Flanders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Municipalities in West Flanders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_in_the_Province_of_West_Flanders,_Flanders,_Belgium" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Belgium" title="Municipalities of Belgium">Municipalities</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Belgium" title="Provinces of Belgium">Province</a> of <a href="/wiki/West_Flanders" title="West Flanders">West Flanders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flemish_Region" title="Flemish Region">Flanders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Bruges" title="Arrondissement of Bruges">Bruges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beernem" title="Beernem">Beernem</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Blankenberge" title="Blankenberge">Blankenberge</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges">Bruges/Brugge</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Damme" title="Damme">Damme</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabbeke" title="Jabbeke">Jabbeke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knokke-Heist" title="Knokke-Heist">Knokke-Heist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oostkamp" title="Oostkamp">Oostkamp</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Torhout" title="Torhout">Torhout</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zedelgem" title="Zedelgem">Zedelgem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuienkerke" title="Zuienkerke">Zuienkerke</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Belgiewvl.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Belgiewvl.png/100px-Belgiewvl.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Belgiewvl.png/150px-Belgiewvl.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Belgiewvl.png/200px-Belgiewvl.png 2x" data-file-width="398" data-file-height="335" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Diksmuide" title="Arrondissement of Diksmuide">Diksmuide</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Diksmuide" title="Diksmuide">Diksmuide</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houthulst" title="Houthulst">Houthulst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koekelare" title="Koekelare">Koekelare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kortemark" title="Kortemark">Kortemark</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lo-Reninge" title="Lo-Reninge">Lo-Reninge</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Kortrijk" title="Arrondissement of Kortrijk">Kortrijk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anzegem" title="Anzegem">Anzegem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avelgem" title="Avelgem">Avelgem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deerlijk" title="Deerlijk">Deerlijk</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Harelbeke" title="Harelbeke">Harelbeke</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kortrijk" title="Kortrijk">Kortrijk</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuurne" title="Kuurne">Kuurne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lendelede" title="Lendelede">Lendelede</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Menen" title="Menen">Menen</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spiere-Helkijn" title="Spiere-Helkijn">Spiere-Helkijn</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Waregem" title="Waregem">Waregem</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wevelgem" title="Wevelgem">Wevelgem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwevegem" title="Zwevegem">Zwevegem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Ostend" title="Arrondissement of Ostend">Ostend</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bredene" title="Bredene">Bredene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Haan,_Belgium" title="De Haan, Belgium">De Haan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gistel" title="Gistel">Gistel</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichtegem" title="Ichtegem">Ichtegem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middelkerke" title="Middelkerke">Middelkerke</a></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oostende/Ostend</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oudenburg" title="Oudenburg">Oudenburg</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Roeselare" title="Arrondissement of Roeselare">Roeselare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hooglede" title="Hooglede">Hooglede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingelmunster" title="Ingelmunster">Ingelmunster</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Izegem" title="Izegem">Izegem</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ledegem" title="Ledegem">Ledegem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichtervelde" title="Lichtervelde">Lichtervelde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorslede" title="Moorslede">Moorslede</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Roeselare" title="Roeselare">Roeselare</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staden" title="Staden">Staden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Tielt" title="Arrondissement of Tielt">Tielt</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ardooie" title="Ardooie">Ardooie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dentergem" title="Dentergem">Dentergem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meulebeke" title="Meulebeke">Meulebeke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oostrozebeke" title="Oostrozebeke">Oostrozebeke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittem" title="Pittem">Pittem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruiselede" title="Ruiselede">Ruiselede</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tielt" title="Tielt">Tielt</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wielsbeke" title="Wielsbeke">Wielsbeke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wingene" title="Wingene">Wingene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Veurne" title="Arrondissement of Veurne">Veurne</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alveringem" title="Alveringem">Alveringem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Panne" title="De Panne">De Panne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koksijde" title="Koksijde">Koksijde</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium" title="Nieuwpoort, Belgium">Nieuwpoort</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Veurne" title="Veurne">Veurne</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Ypres" title="Arrondissement of Ypres">Ypres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heuvelland" title="Heuvelland">Heuvelland</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ypres" title="Ypres">Ieper/Ypres</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langemark-Poelkapelle" title="Langemark-Poelkapelle">Langemark-Poelkapelle</a></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mesen" title="Mesen">Mesen</a></b></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Poperinge" title="Poperinge">Poperinge</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vleteren" title="Vleteren">Vleteren</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wervik" title="Wervik">Wervik</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zonnebeke" title="Zonnebeke">Zonnebeke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b>Bold</b> indicates <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_Belgium" title="City status in Belgium">cities</a></li> <li><i>Italic</i> indicates <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_with_language_facilities" title="Municipalities with language facilities">Municipalities with language facilities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="30px_Venues_of_the_1920_Summer_Olympics_(Antwerp)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1920_Summer_Olympic_venues" title="Template:1920 Summer Olympic venues"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1920_Summer_Olympic_venues" title="Template talk:1920 Summer Olympic venues"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1920_Summer_Olympic_venues" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1920 Summer Olympic venues"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="30px_Venues_of_the_1920_Summer_Olympics_(Antwerp)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/30px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/45px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/60px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="158" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Venues_of_the_1920_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Venues of the 1920 Summer Olympics">Venues</a> of the <a href="/wiki/1920_Summer_Olympics" title="1920 Summer Olympics">1920 Summer Olympics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antwerp_Zoo" title="Antwerp Zoo">Antwerp Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Beerschot_THC" title="Royal Beerschot THC">Beerschot Tennis Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverloo_Camp" title="Beverloo Camp">Beverloo Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brussels%E2%80%93Scheldt_Maritime_Canal" title="Brussels–Scheldt Maritime Canal">Brussels–Scheldt Maritime Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IJ_(Amsterdam)" title="IJ (Amsterdam)">Buiten Y (Amsterdam)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egmont_Palace" title="Egmont Palace">Gardens of the Egmont Palace</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoogboom_Military_Camp" title="Hoogboom Military Camp">Hoogboom Military Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Ottenstadion" title="Jules Ottenstadion">Jules Ottenstadion</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ghent" title="Ghent">Ghent</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nachtegalen_Park" title="Nachtegalen Park">Nachtegalen Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympisch_Stadion_(Antwerp)" title="Olympisch Stadion (Antwerp)">Olympisch Stadion</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ostend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palais_de_Glace_d%27Anvers" title="Palais de Glace d'Anvers">Palais de Glace d'Anvers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Marien_Stadium" title="Joseph Marien Stadium">Stade Joseph Marien</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stade_Nautique_d%27Antwerp" title="Stade Nautique d'Antwerp">Stade Nautique d'Antwerp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stadion_Broodstraat" title="Stadion Broodstraat">Stadion Broodstraat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9lodrome_d%27Anvers_Zuremborg" class="mw-redirect" title="Vélodrome d'Anvers Zuremborg">Vélodrome d'Anvers Zuremborg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Olympic_venues_in_sailing" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Olympic_venues_sailing" title="Template:Olympic venues sailing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Olympic_venues_sailing" title="Template talk:Olympic venues sailing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic_venues_sailing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic venues sailing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Olympic_venues_in_sailing" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_venues_in_sailing" title="List of Olympic venues in sailing">Olympic venues in sailing</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1900_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1900 Summer Olympics">1900</a>: <a href="/wiki/Meulan-en-Yvelines" title="Meulan-en-Yvelines">Meulan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre">Le Havre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1908 Summer Olympics">1908</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ryde" title="Ryde">Ryde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunters_Quay" title="Hunters Quay">Hunters Quay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1912_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1912 Summer Olympics">1912</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nyn%C3%A4shamn" title="Nynäshamn">Nynäshamn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1920_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1920 Summer Olympics">1920</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ostend</a>, <a href="/wiki/IJ_(bay)" class="mw-redirect" title="IJ (bay)">Buiten Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1924_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1924 Summer Olympics">1924</a>: <a href="/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre">Le Havre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meulan-en-Yvelines" title="Meulan-en-Yvelines">Meulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1928_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1928 Summer Olympics">1928</a>: <a href="/wiki/IJ_(Amsterdam)" title="IJ (Amsterdam)">Buiten Y</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zuiderzee" title="Zuiderzee">Zuiderzee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1932_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics">1932</a>: <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Los_Angeles" title="Port of Los Angeles">Los Angeles Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1936 Summer Olympics">1936</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Kiel" title="Bay of Kiel">Kiel Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1948_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1948 Summer Olympics">1948</a>: <a href="/wiki/Torbay" title="Torbay">Torbay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1952 Summer Olympics">1952</a>: <a href="/wiki/Harmaja" title="Harmaja">Harmaja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liuskasaari" title="Liuskasaari">Liuskasaari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1956_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1956 Summer Olympics">1956</a>: <a href="/wiki/Port_Phillip" title="Port Phillip">Port Phillip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1960_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1960 Summer Olympics">1960</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Naples" title="Gulf of Naples">Gulf of Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1964_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1964 Summer Olympics">1964</a>: <a href="/wiki/Enoshima" title="Enoshima">Enoshima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1968_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1968 Summer Olympics">1968</a>: <a href="/wiki/Club_de_Yates_de_Acapulco" title="Club de Yates de Acapulco">Club de Yates de Acapulco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1972_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1972 Summer Olympics">1972</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Kiel" title="Bay of Kiel">Bay of Kiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1976_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1976 Summer Olympics">1976</a>: <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_Olympic_Harbour" title="Portsmouth Olympic Harbour">Portsmouth Olympic Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1980_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1980 Summer Olympics">1980</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tallinn_Olympic_Yachting_Centre" title="Tallinn Olympic Yachting Centre">Olympic Regatta in Tallinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1984_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1984 Summer Olympics">1984</a>: <a href="/wiki/Long_Beach_Shoreline_Marina" title="Long Beach Shoreline Marina">Long Beach Shoreline Marina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1988 Summer Olympics">1988</a>: <a href="/wiki/Busan_Yachting_Center" title="Busan Yachting Center">Busan Yachting Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1992_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1992 Summer Olympics">1992</a>: <a href="/wiki/Port_Ol%C3%ADmpic" title="Port Olímpic">Olympic Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1996_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1996 Summer Olympics">1996</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wassaw_Sound" title="Wassaw Sound">Wassaw Sound</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sailing_pictogram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sailing_pictogram.svg/50px-Sailing_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sailing_pictogram.svg/75px-Sailing_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sailing_pictogram.svg/100px-Sailing_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2000_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 2000 Summer Olympics">2000</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rushcutters_Bay" title="Rushcutters Bay">Rushcutters Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 2004 Summer Olympics">2004</a>: <a href="/wiki/Agios_Kosmas_Olympic_Sailing_Centre" title="Agios Kosmas Olympic Sailing Centre">Agios Kosmas Olympic Sailing Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 2008 Summer Olympics">2008</a>: <a href="/wiki/Qingdao_International_Sailing_Centre" title="Qingdao International Sailing Centre">Qingdao International Sailing Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 2012 Summer Olympics">2012</a>: <a href="/wiki/Weymouth_and_Portland_National_Sailing_Academy" title="Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy">Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 2016 Summer Olympics">2016</a>: <a href="/wiki/Marina_da_Gl%C3%B3ria" title="Marina da Glória">Marina da Glória</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 2020 Summer Olympics">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/Enoshima" title="Enoshima">Enoshima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2024_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 2024 Summer Olympics">2024</a>: <a href="/wiki/Old_Port_of_Marseille" title="Old Port of Marseille">Old Port of Marseille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2028_Summer_Olympics" title="2028 Summer Olympics">2028</a>: <a href="/wiki/Belmont_Veterans_Memorial_Pier" title="Belmont Veterans Memorial Pier">Belmont Veterans Memorial Pier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2032_Summer_Olympics" title="2032 Summer Olympics">2032</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Headland,_Queensland" title="Alexandra Headland, Queensland">Alexandra Headland, Queensland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manly,_Queensland" title="Manly, Queensland">Manly, Queensland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Olympic_venues_in_discontinued_events" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Olympic_venues_discontinued_events" title="Template:Olympic venues discontinued events"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Olympic_venues_discontinued_events" title="Template talk:Olympic venues discontinued events"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic_venues_discontinued_events" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic venues discontinued events"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Olympic_venues_in_discontinued_events" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_venues_in_discontinued_events" title="List of Olympic venues in discontinued events">Olympic venues in discontinued events</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Baseball</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_at_the_1984_Summer_Olympics" title="Baseball at the 1984 Summer Olympics">1984</a> (demonstration): <a href="/wiki/Dodger_Stadium" title="Dodger Stadium">Dodger Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics" title="Baseball at the 1988 Summer Olympics">1988</a> (demonstration): <a href="/wiki/Jamsil_Baseball_Stadium" title="Jamsil Baseball Stadium">Jamsil Baseball Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_at_the_1992_Summer_Olympics" title="Baseball at the 1992 Summer Olympics">1992</a>: <a href="/wiki/CB_Viladecans" title="CB Viladecans">Camp Municipal de Beisbol de Viladecans</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%27Hospitalet_de_Llobregat_Baseball_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Baseball Stadium">L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Baseball Stadium</a> (final)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_at_the_1996_Summer_Olympics" title="Baseball at the 1996 Summer Olympics">1996</a>: <a href="/wiki/Atlanta%E2%80%93Fulton_County_Stadium" title="Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium">Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_at_the_2000_Summer_Olympics" title="Baseball at the 2000 Summer Olympics">2000</a>: <a href="/wiki/Blacktown_International_Sportspark" title="Blacktown International Sportspark">Blacktown Olympic Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Showground_Stadium" title="Sydney Showground Stadium">Sydney Baseball Stadium</a> (final)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics" title="Baseball at the 2004 Summer Olympics">2004</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hellinikon_Stadium" title="Hellinikon Stadium">Hellinikon Olympic Baseball Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics" title="Baseball at the 2008 Summer Olympics">2008</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cadillac_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadillac Arena">Wukesong Baseball Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics" title="Baseball at the 2020 Summer Olympics">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/Yokohama_Stadium" title="Yokohama Stadium">Yokohama Stadium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fukushima_Azuma_Baseball_Stadium" title="Fukushima Azuma Baseball Stadium">Fukushima Azuma Baseball Stadium</a> (opening match)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basque pelota</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basque_pelota_at_the_1900_Summer_Olympics" title="Basque pelota at the 1900 Summer Olympics">1900</a>: <a href="/wiki/Neuilly-sur-Seine" title="Neuilly-sur-Seine">Neuilly-sur-Seine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_pelota_at_the_1992_Summer_Olympics" title="Basque pelota at the 1992 Summer Olympics">1992</a> (demonstration): <a href="/wiki/Pavell%C3%B3_de_la_Vall_d%27Hebron" title="Pavelló de la Vall d'Hebron">Pavelló de la Vall d'Hebron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cricket</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cricket_at_the_1900_Summer_Olympics" title="Cricket at the 1900 Summer Olympics">1900</a>: <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9lodrome_de_Vincennes" title="Vélodrome de Vincennes">Vélodrome de Vincennes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Croquet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croquet_at_the_1900_Summer_Olympics" title="Croquet at the 1900 Summer Olympics">1900</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bois_de_Boulogne" title="Bois de Boulogne">Bois de Boulogne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jeu de paume</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeu_de_paume_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics" title="Jeu de paume at the 1908 Summer Olympics">1908</a>: <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Club" title="Queen's Club">Queen's Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lacrosse</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lacrosse_at_the_1904_Summer_Olympics" title="Lacrosse at the 1904 Summer Olympics">1904</a>: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Olympic_Field" title="Francis Olympic Field">Francis Olympic Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacrosse_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics" title="Lacrosse at the 1908 Summer Olympics">1908</a>: <a href="/wiki/White_City_Stadium" title="White City Stadium">White City Stadium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Polo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polo_at_the_1900_Summer_Olympics" title="Polo at the 1900 Summer Olympics">1900</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bois_de_Boulogne" title="Bois de Boulogne">Bois de Boulogne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics" title="Polo at the 1908 Summer Olympics">1908</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hurlingham_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurlingham Club">Hurlingham Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo_at_the_1920_Summer_Olympics" title="Polo at the 1920 Summer Olympics">1920</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ostend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo_at_the_1924_Summer_Olympics" title="Polo at the 1924 Summer Olympics">1924</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Bagatelle" title="Château de Bagatelle">Bagatelle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint-Cloud_Racecourse" title="Saint-Cloud Racecourse">Saint-Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Polo at the 1936 Summer Olympics">1936</a>: <a href="/wiki/Olympiastadion_(Berlin)" title="Olympiastadion (Berlin)">Mayfield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rackets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rackets_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics" title="Rackets at the 1908 Summer Olympics">1908</a>: <a href="/wiki/All_England_Lawn_Tennis_and_Croquet_Club" title="All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club">All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roque</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Roque_at_the_1904_Summer_Olympics" title="Roque at the 1904 Summer Olympics">1904</a>: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Olympic_Field" title="Francis Olympic Field">Francis Olympic Field</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Softball</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Softball_at_the_1996_Summer_Olympics" title="Softball at the 1996 Summer Olympics">1996</a>: <a href="/wiki/Golden_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Park">Golden Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softball_at_the_2000_Summer_Olympics" title="Softball at the 2000 Summer Olympics">2000</a>: <a href="/wiki/Blacktown_Olympic_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Blacktown Olympic Park">Blacktown Olympic Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softball_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics" title="Softball at the 2004 Summer Olympics">2004</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hellinikon_Olympic_Softball_Stadium" title="Hellinikon Olympic Softball Stadium">Hellinikon Olympic Softball Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softball_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics" title="Softball at the 2008 Summer Olympics">2008</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fengtai_Softball_Field" title="Fengtai Softball Field">Fengtai Softball Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics" title="Softball at the 2020 Summer Olympics">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/Yokohama_Stadium" title="Yokohama Stadium">Yokohama Stadium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fukushima_Azuma_Baseball_Stadium" title="Fukushima Azuma Baseball Stadium">Fukushima Azuma Baseball Stadium</a> (opening match)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tug of war</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tug_of_war_at_the_1900_Summer_Olympics" title="Tug of war at the 1900 Summer Olympics">1900</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bois_de_Boulogne" title="Bois de Boulogne">Bois de Boulogne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tug_of_war_at_the_1904_Summer_Olympics" title="Tug of war at the 1904 Summer Olympics">1904</a>: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Olympic_Field" title="Francis Olympic Field">Francis Olympic Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tug_of_war_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics" title="Tug of war at the 1908 Summer Olympics">1908</a>: <a href="/wiki/White_City_Stadium" title="White City Stadium">White City Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tug_of_war_at_the_1912_Summer_Olympics" title="Tug of war at the 1912 Summer Olympics">1912</a>: <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_Olympic_Stadium" title="Stockholm Olympic Stadium">Stockholm Olympic Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tug_of_war_at_the_1920_Summer_Olympics" title="Tug of war at the 1920 Summer Olympics">1920</a>: <a href="/wiki/Olympisch_Stadion_(Antwerp)" title="Olympisch Stadion (Antwerp)">Olympisch Stadion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Water motorsports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Water_motorsports_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics" title="Water motorsports at the 1908 Summer Olympics">1908</a>: <a href="/wiki/Southampton_Water" title="Southampton Water">Southampton Water</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12996#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12996#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12996#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4116805-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79105666">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119993628">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119993628">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Ostende (Belgie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge628361&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX460742">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007550325005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/3f44f39a-2f9a-4a1c-8c4c-13e02015b54e">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028089189">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045131">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostend&oldid=1252793272">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ostend&oldid=1252793272</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ostend" title="Category:Ostend">Ostend</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Municipalities_of_West_Flanders" title="Category:Municipalities of West Flanders">Municipalities of West Flanders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Olympic_sailing_venues" 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