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bethadine</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: topical bethadine"> <meta name="keywords" content="topical bethadine"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="topical bethadine"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 189</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: topical bethadine</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">189</span> Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Topical Anthocyanins by Complexation and Niosomal Encapsulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aroonsri%20Priprem">Aroonsri Priprem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sucharat%20Limsitthichaikoon"> Sucharat Limsitthichaikoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suttasinee%20Thappasarapong"> Suttasinee Thappasarapong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Anthocyanins are natural pigments with effective UV protection but their topical use could be limited due to their physicochemical characteristics. An attempt to overcome such limitations by complexation of 2 major anthocyanin-rich sources, C. ternatea, and Z. mays, for investigation on potential use as topical anti-inflammatory. Cell studies indicate no cytotoxicity of the anthocyanin complex (AC) up to 1 mg/ml tested in HaCaT and human forehead fibroblasts by MTT. Croton oil-induced ear edema in Wistar rats suggests an effective dose of 5 mg/cm2 of AC as a topical anti-inflammatory in comparison to 0.5 mg/cm2 of fluocinolone acetonide. Niosomal encapsulation of the AC significantly prolonged the anti-inflammatory activity particularly at 8 h after topical application (p = 0.0001). The AC was not cytotoxic and its anti-inflammatory and activity was dose-dependent and prolonged by niosomal encapsulation. It has also shown to promote collagen type 1 production in cell culture. Thus, AC could be a potential candidate for topical anti-inflammatory agent from natural resources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anthocyanin%20complex" title="anthocyanin complex">anthocyanin complex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ear%20edema" title=" ear edema"> ear edema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflammation" title=" inflammation"> inflammation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=niosomes" title=" niosomes"> niosomes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin" title=" skin"> skin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22941/anti-inflammatory-activity-of-topical-anthocyanins-by-complexation-and-niosomal-encapsulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22941.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">188</span> Effect of Povidone Iodine in Treatment of Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis: Clinical Trail Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Hossain%20Validad">Mohammad Hossain Validad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and Aim: Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis is a type of conjunctivitis caused by adenoviruses that can spread rapidly through direct and indirect contact. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Povidone-Iodine 0.4% and 0.2% in improving the symptoms and signs of patients with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study, 60 patients with a mean age of 27.8±8.4 years who were eligible for inclusion criteria were randomly divided into three groups. The first group received eye drops of Povidone-Iodine 0.4% and betamethasone 0.1%, the second group received PovidoneIodine 0.2% and betamethasone 0.1% and the third group received betamethasone 0.1%. Follow-ups were on the first, fourth, seventh and tenth days after starting treatment. Parameters examined at each examination were hyperaemia, mucopurulent discharge, eyelid edema, hemorrhage, and subepithelial infiltration. Results: The results showed that mucopurulent discharge on the fourth day of the examination (P = 0.005) and the seventh day of the examination (P = 0.001) were significantly different in the three treatment groups. Sub-epithelial infiltration on the tenth day after treatment did not show a significant difference in the 3 groups (P = 0.287). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, Povidone-Iodine is more effective in relieving some of signs of EKC, such as reduced mucopurulent discharge than steroids alone. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EKC" title="EKC">EKC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topical%20bethadine" title=" topical bethadine"> topical bethadine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adenovirus" title=" adenovirus"> adenovirus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub%20epithelial%20opacity" title=" sub epithelial opacity"> sub epithelial opacity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165494/effect-of-povidone-iodine-in-treatment-of-epidemic-keratoconjunctivitis-clinical-trail-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165494.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">187</span> Topical Delivery of Griseofulvin via Lipid Nanoparticles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yann%20Jean%20Tan">Yann Jean Tan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hui%20Meng%20Er"> Hui Meng Er</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Choy%20Sin%20Lee"> Choy Sin Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shew%20Fung%20Wong"> Shew Fung Wong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen%20Huei%20Lim"> Wen Huei Lim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Griseofulvin is a long standing fungistatic agent against dermatophytosis. Nevertheless, it has several drawbacks such as poor and highly variable bio availability, long duration of treatment, systemic side effects and drug interactions. Targeted treatment for the superficial skin infection, dermatophytosis via topical route could be beneficial. Nevertheless, griseofulvin is only available in the form of oral preparation. Hence, it generates interest in developing a topical formulation for griseofulvin, by using lipid nano particle as the vehicle. Lipid nanoparticle is a submicron colloidal carrier with a core that is solid in nature (lipid). It has combined advantages of various traditional carriers and is a promising vehicle for topical delivery. The griseofulvin loaded lipid nano particles produced using high pressure homogenization method were characterized and investigated for its skin targeting effect in vitro. It has a mean particle size of 179.8±4.9 nm with polydispersity index of 0.306±0.011. Besides, it showed higher skin permeation and better skin targeting effect compared to the griseofulvin suspension. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid%20nanoparticles" title="lipid nanoparticles">lipid nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=griseofulvin" title=" griseofulvin"> griseofulvin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topical" title=" topical"> topical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dermatophytosis" title=" dermatophytosis"> dermatophytosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18028/topical-delivery-of-griseofulvin-via-lipid-nanoparticles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18028.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">458</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">186</span> Primary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial of Topical Analgesia Post Haemorrhoidectomy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Jin">James Jin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weisi%20Xia"> Weisi Xia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Runzhe%20Gao"> Runzhe Gao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alain%20Vandal"> Alain Vandal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Darren%20Svirkis"> Darren Svirkis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Hill"> Andrew Hill</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Post-haemorrhoidectomy pain is concerned by patients/clinicians. Minimizing the postoperation pain is highly interested clinically. Combinations of topical cream targeting three hypothesised post-haemorrhoidectomy pain mechanisms were developed and their effectiveness were evaluated. Specifically, a multi-centred double-blinded randomized clinical trial (RCT) was conducted in adults undergoing excisional haemorrhoidectomy. The primary analysis was conveyed on the data collected to evaluate the effectiveness of the combinations of topical cream targeting three hypothesized pain mechanisms after the operations. Methods: 192 patients were randomly allocated to 4 arms (each arm has 48 patients), and each arm was provided with pain cream 10% metronidazole (M), M and 2% diltiazem (MD), M with 4% lidocaine (ML), or MDL, respectively. Patients were instructed to apply topical treatments three times a day for 7 days, and record outcomes for 14 days after the operations. The primary outcome was VAS pain on day 4. Covariates and models were selected in the blind review stage. Multiple imputations were applied for the missingness. LMER, GLMER models together with natural splines were applied. Sandwich estimators and Wald statistics were used. P-values < 0.05 were considered as significant. Conclusions: The addition of topical lidocaine or diltiazem to metronidazole does not add any benefit. ML had significantly better pain and recovery scores than combination MDL. Multimodal topical analgesia with ML after haemorrhoidectomy could be considered for further evaluation. Further trials considering only 3 arms (M, ML, MD) might be worth exploring. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RCT" title="RCT">RCT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20analysis" title=" primary analysis"> primary analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20imputation" title=" multiple imputation"> multiple imputation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain%20scores" title=" pain scores"> pain scores</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=haemorrhoidectomy" title=" haemorrhoidectomy"> haemorrhoidectomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analgesia" title=" analgesia"> analgesia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lmer" title=" lmer"> lmer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162939/primary-analysis-of-a-randomized-controlled-trial-of-topical-analgesia-post-haemorrhoidectomy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162939.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">120</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">185</span> Topical Negative Pressure for Autologous Fat Grafting in Breast Augmentation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Eftal%20Bin%20Mohamed%20Ebrahim">Mohamed Eftal Bin Mohamed Ebrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20Varey"> Alexander Varey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim: Topical negative pressure has been shown to enhance angiogenesis during wound healing, both for open and closed wounds. Since angiogenesis is a key requirement for successful fat grafting, there may be a role for topical negative pressure as a means of enhancing the take rate during autologous fat grafting to breasts. Here we present a systematic review of the literature on this topic. Methods: Ovid and Embase were utilized, with searches ranging between 1960 – 2019. Terms (“Liposculpting” OR “Fat grafting” OR “Lipofilling” OR “Lipograft” OR “Fat transfer”) AND (“Negative Pressure” OR “Brava” OR “Kiwi”) AND (“Breast”) were merged as keywords. Inclusion criteria were females, autologous fat graft to breast with topical negative pressure prior to the procedure. Studies were excluded if there was no primary endpoint or non-original article. Results: Upon reviewing 219 articles, 2 met inclusion criteria. A total of 565 and 46 breasts in each article were treated respectively using the negative pressure device BRAVA®, with each cohort having different pre-and post-operative pressure settings. Khouri et al. cohort had higher graft survival (79%) compared to Del Vecchio et al. cohort (64%); however, the latter had fewer complications compared to Khouri’s cohort, e.g., fat necrosis, pneumothorax and infection. Conclusion: There is limited evidence regarding the use of topical negative pressure for fat grafting to the breasts. However, in the two studies published, the reported rates of success are high, suggesting there may be a benefit. Consequently, a randomized controlled trial on this area is required. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fat%20grafting" title="fat grafting">fat grafting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipograft" title=" lipograft"> lipograft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negative%20pressure" title=" negative pressure"> negative pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast" title=" breast"> breast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20augmentation" title=" breast augmentation"> breast augmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brava" title=" brava"> brava</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140958/topical-negative-pressure-for-autologous-fat-grafting-in-breast-augmentation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140958.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">184</span> Ophthalmic Self-Medication Practices and Associated Factors among Adult Ophthalmic Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Saad%20Alamer">Sarah Saad Alamer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shujon%20Mohammed%20Alazzam"> Shujon Mohammed Alazzam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amjad%20Khater%20Alanazi"> Amjad Khater Alanazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Ahmed%20Sankari"> Mohamed Ahmed Sankari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jana%20Sameer%20Sendy"> Jana Sameer Sendy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleh%20Al-Khaldi"> Saleh Al-Khaldi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Allam"> Khaled Allam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amani%20Badawi"> Amani Badawi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Self-medication is defined as the selection of medicines by individuals to treat self-diagnosed. There are a lot of concerns about the safety of long-term use of nonprescription ophthalmic drugs, which may lead to a variety of serious ocular complications. Topical steroids can produce severe eye-threatening complications, including the elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) with possible development of glaucoma and infrequent optic nerve damage. In recent times, many OTC ophthalmic preparations have been possible without a prescription. Objective: In our study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of self-medication ocular topical steroid practice and associated factors among adult ophthalmic patients attending King Saud medical city. Methods: This study was conducted as a cross-sectional study, targeting participants aged 18 years old or above who had used topical steroids eye drops to determine the prevalence of self-medication ocular topical steroid practice and associated factors among adult patients attending ophthalmology clinic in King Saud Medical City (KSMC) in the central region. Results: A total of 308 responses, 92(29.8%) were using ocular topical, 58(18.8%) with prescription, 5(1.6%) without prescription, 29(9.4%) with and without prescription while 216(70.1%) did not use it. The frequency of using ocular topical steroids without a prescription among participants was 11(12%) once and 33 (35%) many times. 26(28.3%) were having complication, mostly 11(12.4%) eye infection, 8(9%) Glaucoma, 6 (6.7%) Cataracts. Reasons for self-medication ocular topical steroid practice among participants were 14 (15.2%) repeated symptoms, 11(15.2%) had heard an advice from a friend, 11 (15.2%) thought they had enough knowledge. Conclusion: Our study reveals that, even though detecting a high level of knowledge and acceptable practices and attitudes among participants, the incidence of self-medication with steroid eye drops was observed. This practice is mainly due to participants having repeated symptoms and thinking they have enough knowledge. Increasing the education level of patients on self-medication steroid eye drops practice and it is associated complications would help reduce the incidence of self-medication steroid eye drops practice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-medication" title="self-medication">self-medication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ophthalmic%20medicine" title=" ophthalmic medicine"> ophthalmic medicine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steroid%20eye%20drop" title=" steroid eye drop"> steroid eye drop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=over%20the%20counter" title=" over the counter"> over the counter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163122/ophthalmic-self-medication-practices-and-associated-factors-among-adult-ophthalmic-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163122.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">183</span> Efficiency of Wood Vinegar Mixed with Some Plants Extract against the Housefly (Musca domestica L.)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.%20Pangnakorn">U. Pangnakorn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Kanlaya"> S. Kanlaya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The efficiency of wood vinegar mixed with each individual of three plants extract such as: citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus), neem seed (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), and yam bean seed (Pachyrhizus erosus Urb.) were tested against the second instar larvae of housefly (Musca domestica L.). Steam distillation was used for extraction of the citronella grass while neem and yam bean were simple extracted by fermentation with ethyl alcohol. Toxicity test was evaluated in laboratory based on two methods of larvicidal bioassay: topical application method (contact poison) and feeding method (stomach poison). Larval mortality was observed daily and larval survivability was recorded until the survived larvae developed to pupae and adults. The study resulted that treatment of wood vinegar mixed with citronella grass showed the highest larval mortality by topical application method (50.0%) and by feeding method (80.0%). However, treatment of mixed wood vinegar and neem seed showed the longest pupal duration to 25 day and 32 days for topical application method and feeding method respectively. Additional, larval duration on treated M. domestica larvae was extended to 13 days for topical application method and 11 days for feeding method. Thus, the feeding method gave higher efficiency compared with the topical application method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housefly%20%28Musca%20domestica%20L.%29" title="housefly (Musca domestica L.)">housefly (Musca domestica L.)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neem%20seed%20%28Azadirachta%20indica%29" title=" neem seed (Azadirachta indica)"> neem seed (Azadirachta indica)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citronella%20grass%20%28Cymbopogon%20nardus%29" title=" citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus)"> citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yam%20bean%20seed%20%28Pachyrhizus%20erosus%29" title=" yam bean seed (Pachyrhizus erosus)"> yam bean seed (Pachyrhizus erosus)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mortality" title=" mortality"> mortality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12886/efficiency-of-wood-vinegar-mixed-with-some-plants-extract-against-the-housefly-musca-domestica-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12886.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">182</span> Development and Characterization of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles of Quercetin in Skin Cancer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khusboo%20Agrawal">Khusboo Agrawal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Saraf"> S. Saraf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Quercetin, a flavonol provides a cellular protection against UV induced oxidative damages due to its excellent free radical scavenging activity and direct pro-apoptopic effect on tumor cells. However, its topical use is limited due to its unfavorable physicochemical properties. The present study was aimed to evaluate the potential of mesoporous silica nanoparticles as topical carrier system for quercetin delivery. Complexes of quercetin with mesoporous silica was prepared with different weight ratios and characterized by thermo gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, high resolution TEM, FT-IR spectroscopy, zeta potential measurements and differential scanning calorimetry The protective effect of this vehicle on UV-induced degradation of the quercetin was investigated revealing a certain positive inﬂuence of the inclusion on the photostability over time. Epidermal accumulation and transdermal permeation of this molecule were ex vivo evaluated by using Franz diffusion cells. The immobilization of Quercetin in mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) increased the stability without undermining the antioxidant efficacy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer" title="cancer">cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MSNs" title=" MSNs"> MSNs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quercetin" title=" quercetin"> quercetin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topical%20delivery" title=" topical delivery"> topical delivery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47665/development-and-characterization-of-mesoporous-silica-nanoparticles-of-quercetin-in-skin-cancer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47665.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">181</span> Efficacy of Topical Ectoin Therapy for Acute Radiodermatitis Associated with Breast Cancer Radiotherapy: A Randomized Controlled Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nagwa%20E.%20Abd%20Elazim">Nagwa E. Abd Elazim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maha%20S.%20El-naggar"> Maha S. El-naggar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rania%20H.%20Mohamed"> Rania H. Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20M.%20Awad"> Sara M. Awad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Radiodermatitis is a common side effect of radiation therapy for breast cancer. However, there is no current consensus about effective standard therapy for the prevention and management of radiation dermatitis. Topical ectoine has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of atopic dermatitis owing to its anti-inflammatory activity. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of topical ectoine in comparison to traditional topical dexpanthenol treatment in the management of acute radiodermatitis in breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy. Methods: Fifty patients were randomized to use either dexpanthenol 0.5% cream (25 patients), or ectoin 7% cream (25 patients), applied twice daily to the irradiated area during the radiation period and continued for 2 weeks after cessation of radiotherapy. Assessment of radiation skin toxicity using Common Terminology Criteria of Adverse Events (CTCAE) v4.0, radiation-associated symptoms, and adverse events were undertaken weekly during radiotherapy and 2 weeks after the end of radiotherapy. Results: Topical ectoine showed some clinical benefit over dexpanthenol, as shown by delayed time to onset (at week 3 versus week 2, respectively) and larger number of patients who reached grade 0 at the end of treatment (64% vs. 48%, respectively). The clinical symptoms of pain (p = 0.003) and itching (p = 0.001) attributable to radiation were less pronounced with ectoine than with dexpanthenol. Burning and hyperpigmentation were the most common side effects with ectoine. However, no significant difference between dexpanthenol and ectoine treatments was found in any of the side effects (p = 0.1). Conclusion: Ectoin was overall more effective in improving radiation dermatitis than topical dexpanthenol in breast cancer patients. Ectoin could be proposed as a preventive or curative treatment for patients undergoing postoperative irradiation for breast cancer. Further clinical studies with a larger number of patients are recommended for the confirmation of these preliminary results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20cancer" title="breast cancer">breast cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dexapanthenol" title=" dexapanthenol"> dexapanthenol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ectoin" title=" ectoin"> ectoin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation%20dermatitis" title=" radiation dermatitis"> radiation dermatitis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120008/efficacy-of-topical-ectoin-therapy-for-acute-radiodermatitis-associated-with-breast-cancer-radiotherapy-a-randomized-controlled-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120008.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">180</span> Development of capsaicin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for topical application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwanputtha%20Arunprasert">Kwanputtha Arunprasert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaiyakarn%20Pornpitchanarong"> Chaiyakarn Pornpitchanarong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Praneet%20Opanasopit"> Praneet Opanasopit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q="></a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prasopchai%20Patrojanasophon">Prasopchai Patrojanasophon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Capsaicin, a recently FDA-approved drug for the topical treatment of neuropathic pain, is associated with several side effects like burning sensation and erythema leading to severe skin irritation and poor patient compliance. These unwanted side effects are due to the rapid penetration of capsaicin into the epidermis and low permeation to the dermis layer. The purpose of this study was to develop nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) that entrapped capsaicin for reducing dermal irritation. Solid lipid (glyceryl monostearate (GM), cetyl palmitate (CP), cetyl alcohol (COH), stearic acid (SA), and stearyl alcohol (SOH)) and surfactant (Tween®80, Tween®20, and Span®20) were varied to obtained optimal capsaicin-loaded NLCs. The formulation using CP as solid lipid and Tween®80 as a surfactant (F2) demonstrated the smallest size, excellent colloidal stability, and narrow range distribution of the particles as being analyzed using Zetasizer. The obtained capsaicin-loaded NLCs were then characterized by entrapment efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC). The release characteristics followed Higuchi kinetics, and the prolonged capsaicin release may result in the reduction in skin irritation. These results could demonstrate the potentials of capsaicinloaded lipid-based nanoparticles for topical drug delivery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capsaicin" title="capsaicin">capsaicin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid-based%20nanoparticles" title=" lipid-based nanoparticles"> lipid-based nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanostructured%20lipid%20carriers" title=" nanostructured lipid carriers"> nanostructured lipid carriers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topical%20drug%20delivery%20system" title=" topical drug delivery system"> topical drug delivery system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179761/development-of-capsaicin-loaded-nanostructured-lipid-carriers-for-topical-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179761.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">179</span> Preliminary Investigations on the Development and Production of Topical Skin Ointments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20C.%20Igwe">C. C. Igwe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20E.%20Ogbuadike"> C. E. Ogbuadike</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bryophyllum pinnatum is a tropical plant used by the indigenous people of South-East Nigeria as a medicinal plant for the treatment of skin ulcer and is being explored for the production of topical herbal skin ointments. This preliminary study involves the extraction and characterization of bioactive compounds from this plant for anti-skin ulcer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activity, as well as formulating topical herbal medications for skin ulcer. Thus extraction, percentage yield, moisture content analysis, solvent-solvent fractionation and GC-MS has been carried out on processed leaves sample of B. pinnatum. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of seven compounds, namely: 1-Octene, 3, 7-dimethyl, 1-Tridecene, E-14-Hexadecenal, 3-Eicosene (E)-, 11-Tricosene, 1-Tridecyn-4-ol and Butanamide. Standardized herbal products have been produced from B. pinnatum extracts. The products are being evaluated for safety and efficacy tests to ascertain their toxicity (if any), anti-ulcer, antibiotic and antioxidant properties. Further work is on-going to characterize the bioactive principles present in the plant extracts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-microbial" title="anti-microbial">anti-microbial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioactive%20compounds" title=" bioactive compounds"> bioactive compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bryophyllum%20pinnatum" title=" bryophyllum pinnatum"> bryophyllum pinnatum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20ulcer" title=" skin ulcer"> skin ulcer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167973/preliminary-investigations-on-the-development-and-production-of-topical-skin-ointments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167973.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">178</span> Application of Topical Imiquimod for Treatment Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Young Women: A Preliminary Result of a Pilot Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phill-Seung%20Jung">Phill-Seung Jung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dae-Yeon%20Kim"> Dae-Yeon Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: In young, especially nulliparous women, it is not easy to decide on excisional therapy for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). We aimed to evaluate how effective topical imiquimod is in the treatment of high-grade CIN so that excisional therapy can be avoided in young women. Methods: Patients with CIN were allocated to this pilot study. They did not want excisional therapy and agreed with topical imiquimod therapy, which required once-a-week hospital visit for 8 weeks for the application of imiquimod to the cervix by a gynecologic oncologist. If the lesion got worse during treatment, it was decided to convert imiquimod therapy to excisional therapy. Results: A total of 36 patients with a median age of 29 years (range, 22–41 years) agreed to receive topical imiquimod therapy. Of these, 32 patients (88.9%) were positive for high-risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV). Twenty-five patients (69.4%) had low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), and 11 (30.6%) had high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) on their initial LBC. Twenty-eight patients underwent punch biopsy, which showed CIN 1 in 7 (19.4%), CIN 2 in 11 (30.6%), and CIN 3 in 10 (27.8%) patients. Twenty patients finished the 8-week imiquimod therapy. Among them, 14 patients had CIN 2 or 3, and 6 patients had CIN 1. HR HPV was positive in 12 patients. On the last examination, 14 patients (70.0%) had negative intraepithelial lesions, 3 (15.0%) had atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, and 1 (5.0%) had LSIL. Two patients had persistent HSIL: 1 patient underwent loop electrosurgical excision procedure, resulting in CIN 3 with positive resection margin, and the other patient underwent punch biopsy, resulting in intermediate cells and restarted imiquimod therapy. Only 7 patients were negative for HR HPV. Conclusions: This study showed that topical imiquimod therapy was effective for the treatment of high-grade CIN, with a histologic regression rate of 85.7% (14/20) and HPV eradication rate of 25.0% (8/32). Based on our findings, topical imiquimod therapy might have a successful therapeutic effect in young women with CIN 2-3 so that they can avoid excisional therapy. In addition, it could be a more reassuring treatment option for CIN 1 than just follow-up after few months. To confirm its efficacy, a phase II study with larger cohort would be needed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imiquimod" title="Imiquimod">Imiquimod</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cervical%20Intraepthelial%20Neoplasia" title=" Cervical Intraepthelial Neoplasia"> Cervical Intraepthelial Neoplasia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cervical%20Dysplasia" title=" Cervical Dysplasia"> Cervical Dysplasia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Human%20Papillomavirus" title=" Human Papillomavirus"> Human Papillomavirus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48784/application-of-topical-imiquimod-for-treatment-cervical-intraepithelial-neoplasia-in-young-women-a-preliminary-result-of-a-pilot-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48784.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">177</span> Assessment of Mammary Gland Immunity and Therapeutic Potential of Topical Herbal Gel against Bovine Subclinical Mastitis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mukesh%20N.%20Kher">Mukesh N. Kher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anju%20P.%20Kunjadia"> Anju P. Kunjadia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dev%20S.%20Nauriyal"> Dev S. Nauriyal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaitanya%20G.%20Joshi"> Chaitanya G. Joshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Navin%20R.%20Sheth"> Navin R. Sheth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vaibhav%20D.%20Bhatt"> Vaibhav D. Bhatt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In-vivo immunotherapeutic potential on cytokines production and antibacterial activity of a topical herbal gel was evaluated in two breeds of cattle in bovine subclinical mastitis. The response to treatment was evaluated by enumerating somatic cell count (SCC), determining total bacterial count and studying the expression of different cytokines like (interleukin 6, 8, 12, GMCSF, interferon–γ and TNF‑α). The pre‑ and post‑treatment SCC in mastitic quarters did not differ statistically-significantly. However, total bacterial count declined significantly from day 0 onwards in both the breeds. Significant differences (P < 0.01) were observed in all types of cytokines production on day 0, 5, and 21 post last treatments in both the breeds. The comparison of cytokine expression profiles between crossbred and Gir cattle affirmed a significant difference in expression of IL-6 and TNF-α. The topical herbal gel showed immunomodulatory and antimicrobial activities in subclinical mastitis, and therefore the work supports its use as substitute herbal therapy against subclinical mastitis in bovines. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial%20activity" title="antibacterial activity">antibacterial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunomodulation" title=" immunomodulation"> immunomodulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=herbal%20gel" title=" herbal gel"> herbal gel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subclinical%20mastitis" title=" subclinical mastitis"> subclinical mastitis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66343/assessment-of-mammary-gland-immunity-and-therapeutic-potential-of-topical-herbal-gel-against-bovine-subclinical-mastitis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66343.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">176</span> Novel Emulgel of Piroxicam for Topical Application with Mentha and Clove Oil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20V.%20Patil">S. V. Patil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20S.%20Dounde"> P. S. Dounde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20S.%20Patil"> S. S. Patil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Emulgels have emerged as one of the most interesting topical delivery system as it has dual release control system that is gel and emulsion. The major objective behind this formulation is delivery of hydrophobic drugs to systemic circulation via skin. In fact presence of a gelling agent in water phase converts a classical emulsion in to emulgel. The emulgel for dermatological use has several favorable properties such as being thixotropic, greaseless, easily spreadable, easily removable, emollient, non-staining, water-soluble, longer shelf life, bio-friendly, transparent and pleasing appearance. Various penetration enhancers can potentiate the effect. So this can be used as better topical drug delivery systems over present conventional systems available in market. Piroxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that has major problems when administered orally; it is an insoluble drug and has irritant effect on gastro intestinal tract lead to ulceration and bleeding. The aim of this study was to overcoming these problems through preparation of topical emulgel of this drug. Emulgel of Piroxicam was prepared using Carbopol 940 along with mentha oil and clove oil as permeation enhancer. The prepared emulgel were evaluated for their physical appearance, pH determination, viscosity, spreadability, in vitro drug release, ex vivo permeation studies. All the prepared formulations showed acceptable physical properties, homogeneity, consistency, spreadability, viscosity and pH value. The emulgel was found to be stable with respect to physical appearance, pH, rheological properties and drug content at all temperature and conditions for three month. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emulgel" title="emulgel">emulgel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piroxicam" title=" piroxicam"> piroxicam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=menthe%20oil" title=" menthe oil"> menthe oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clove%20oil" title=" clove oil"> clove oil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22191/novel-emulgel-of-piroxicam-for-topical-application-with-mentha-and-clove-oil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22191.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">455</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">175</span> The Inhibition of Relapse of Orthodontic Tooth Movement by NaF Administration in Expressions of TGF-β1, Runx2, Alkaline Phosphatase and Microscopic Appearance of Woven Bone</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Sutjiati">R. Sutjiati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rubianto"> Rubianto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20B.%20Narmada"> I. B. Narmada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20K.%20Sudiana"> I. K. Sudiana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20P.%20Rahayu"> R. P. Rahayu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The prevalence of post-treatment relapse in orthodontics in the community is high enough; therefore, relapses in orthodontic treatment must be prevented well. The aim of this study is to experimentally test the inhibition of relapse of orthodontics tooth movement in NaF of expression TGF-β1, Runx2, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and microscopic of woven bone. The research method used was experimental laboratory research involving 30 rats, which were divided into three groups. Group A: rats were not given orthodontic tooth movement and without NaF. Group B: rats were given orthodontic tooth movement and without 11.5 ppm by topical application. Group C: rats were given orthodontic tooth movement and 11.75 ppm by topical application. Orthodontic tooth movement was conducted by applying ligature wires of 0.02 mm in diameter on the molar-1 (M-1) of left permanent maxilla and left insisivus of maxilla. Immunohistochemical examination was conducted to calculate the number of osteoblast to determine TGF β1, Runx2, ALP and haematoxylin to determine woven bone on day 7 and day 14. Results: It was shown that administrations of Natrium Fluoride topical application proved effective to increase the expression of TGF-β1, Runx2, ALP and to increase woven bone in the tension area greater than administration without natrium fluoride topical application (p < 0.05), except the expression of ALP on day 7 and day 14 which was significant. The results of the study show that NaF significantly increases the expressions of TGF-β1, Runx2, ALP and woven bone. The expression of the variables enhanced on day 7 compared on that on day 14, except ALP. Thus, it can be said that the acceleration of woven bone occurs on day 7. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TGF-%CE%B21" title="TGF-β1">TGF-β1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Runx2" title=" Runx2"> Runx2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ALP" title=" ALP"> ALP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=woven%20bone" title=" woven bone"> woven bone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natrium%20fluoride" title=" natrium fluoride"> natrium fluoride</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68483/the-inhibition-of-relapse-of-orthodontic-tooth-movement-by-naf-administration-in-expressions-of-tgf-v1-runx2-alkaline-phosphatase-and-microscopic-appearance-of-woven-bone" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68483.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">174</span> A Therapeutic Approach for Bromhidrosis with Glycopyrrolate 2% Cream: Clinical Study of 20 Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vasiliki%20Markantoni">Vasiliki Markantoni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eftychia%20Platsidaki"> Eftychia Platsidaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Georgios%20Chaidemenos"> Georgios Chaidemenos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Georgios%20Kontochristopoulos"> Georgios Kontochristopoulos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Bromhidrosis, also known as osmidrosis, is a common distressing condition with a significant negative effect on patient’s quality of life. Its etiology is multifactorial. It usually affects axilla, genital skin, breasts and soles, areas where apocrine glands are mostly distributed. Therapeutic treatments include topical antibacterial agents, antiperspirants and neuromuscular blocker agents-toxins. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and possible complications of topical glycopyrrolate, an anticholinergic agent, for treatment of bromhidrosis. Glycopyrrolate, applied topically as a cream, solution or spray at concentrations between 0,5% and 4%, has been successfully used to treat different forms of focal hyperhidrosis. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients, six males and fourteen females, meeting the criteria for bromhidrosis were treated with topical glycopyrrolate for two months. The average age was 36. Eleven patients had bromhidrosis located to the axillae, four to the soles, four to both axillae and soles and one to the genital folds. Glycopyrrolate was applied topically as a cream at concentration 2%, formulated in Fitalite. During the first month, patients were using the cream every night and thereafter twice daily. The degree of malodor was assessed subjectively by patients and scaled averagely as ‘none’, ‘mild’, ‘moderate’, and ‘severe’ with corresponding scores of 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The modified Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) was used to assess the quality of life. The clinical efficacy was graded by the patient scale of excellent, good, fair and poor. In the end, patients were given the power to evaluate whether they were totally satisfied with, partially satisfied or unsatisfied and possible side effects during the treatment were recorded. Results: All patients were satisfied at the end of the treatment. No patient defined the response as no improvement. The subjectively assessed score level of bromhidrosis was remarkably improved after the first month of treatment and improved slightly more after the second month. DLQI score was also improved to all patients. Adverse effects were reported in 2 patients. In the first case, topical irritation was reported. This was classed as mild (erythema and desquamation), appeared during the second month of treatment and was treated with low-potency topical corticosteroids. In the second case, mydriasis was reported, that recovered without specific treatment, as soon as we insisted to the importance of careful hygiene after cream application so as not to contaminate the periocular skin or ocular surface. Conclusions: Dermatologists often encounter patients with bromhidrosis, therefore should be aware of treatment options. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the use of topical glycopyrrolate as a therapeutic approach for bromhidrosis. Our findings suggest that topical glycopyrrolate has an excellent safety profile and demonstrate encouraging results for the management of this distressful condition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bromhidrosis" title="Bromhidrosis">Bromhidrosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glycopyrrolate" title=" glycopyrrolate"> glycopyrrolate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topical%20treatment" title=" topical treatment"> topical treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osmidrosis" title=" osmidrosis"> osmidrosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101060/a-therapeutic-approach-for-bromhidrosis-with-glycopyrrolate-2-cream-clinical-study-of-20-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101060.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">173</span> Preparation and Characterization of Diclofenac Sodium Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oktavia%20Eka%20Puspita">Oktavia Eka Puspita</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The possibility of using Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) for topical use is an interesting feature concerning this system has occlusive properties on the skin surface therefore enhance the penetration of drugs through the stratum corneum by increased hydration. This advantage can be used to enhance the drug penetration of topical delivery such as Diclofenac sodium for the relief of signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. The purpose of this study was focused on the preparation and physical characterization of Diclofenac sodium loaded SLN (D-SLN). D loaded SLN were prepared by hot homogenization followed by ultrasonication technique. Since the occlusion factor of SLN is related to its particle size the formulation of D-SLN in present study two formulations different in its surfactant contents were prepared to investigate the difference of the particle size resulted. Surfactants selected for preparation of formulation A (FA) were lecithin soya and Tween 80 whereas formulation B (FB) were lecithin soya, Tween 80, and Sodium Lauryl Sulphate. D-SLN were characterized for particle size and distribution, polydispersity index (PI), zeta potential using Beckman-Coulter Delsa™ Nano. Overall, the particle size obtained from FA was larger than FB. FA has 90% of the particles were above 1000 nm, while FB has 90% were below 100 nm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20lipid%20nanoparticles" title="solid lipid nanoparticles">solid lipid nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20homogenization%20technique" title=" hot homogenization technique"> hot homogenization technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20size%20analysis" title=" particle size analysis"> particle size analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topical%20administration" title=" topical administration"> topical administration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16904/preparation-and-characterization-of-diclofenac-sodium-loaded-solid-lipid-nanoparticle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16904.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">500</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">172</span> Preparation and in vivo Assessment of Nystatin-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Topical Delivery against Cutaneous Candidiasis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rawia%20M.%20Khalil">Rawia M. Khalil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20A.%20Abd%20El%20Rahman"> Ahmed A. Abd El Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahfouz%20A.%20Kassem"> Mahfouz A. Kassem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20S.%20El%20Ridi"> Mohamed S. El Ridi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mona%20M.%20Abou%20Samra"> Mona M. Abou Samra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghada%20E.%20A.%20Awad"> Ghada E. A. Awad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soheir%20S.%20Mansy"> Soheir S. Mansy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have gained great attention for the topical treatment of skin associated fungal infection as they facilitate the skin penetration of loaded drugs. Our work deals with the preparation of nystatin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (NystSLNs) using the hot homogenization and ultrasonication method. The prepared NystSLNs were characterized in terms of entrapment efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, rheological behavior and in vitro drug release. A stability study for 6 months was performed. A microbiological study was conducted in male rats infected with Candida albicans, by counting the colonies and examining the histopathological changes induced on the skin of infected rats. The results showed that SLNs dispersions are spherical in shape with particle size ranging from 83.26±11.33 to 955.04±1.09 nm. The entrapment efficiencies are ranging from 19.73±1.21 to 72.46±0.66% with zeta potential ranging from -18.9 to -38.8 mV and shear-thinning rheological Behavior. The stability studies done for 6 months showed that nystatin (Nyst) is a good candidate for topical SLN formulations. A least number of colony forming unit/ ml (cfu/ml) was recorded for the selected NystSLN compared to the drug solution and the commercial Nystatin® cream present in the market. It can be fulfilled from this work that SLNs provide a good skin targeting effect and may represent promising carrier for topical delivery of Nyst offering the sustained release and maintaining the localized effect, resulting in an effective treatment of cutaneous fungal infection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=candida%20infections" title="candida infections">candida infections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20homogenization" title=" hot homogenization"> hot homogenization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nystatin" title=" nystatin"> nystatin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20lipid%20nanoparticles" title=" solid lipid nanoparticles"> solid lipid nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topical%20delivery" title=" topical delivery"> topical delivery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3539/preparation-and-in-vivo-assessment-of-nystatin-loaded-solid-lipid-nanoparticles-for-topical-delivery-against-cutaneous-candidiasis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3539.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">393</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">171</span> Development of Methotrexate Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Topical Treatment of Psoriasis: Optimization, Evaluation, and in vitro Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yogeeta%20O.%20Agrawal">Yogeeta O. Agrawal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hitendra%20S.%20Mahajan"> Hitendra S. Mahajan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjay%20J.%20Surana"> Sanjay J. Surana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Methotrexate is effective in controlling recalcitrant psoriasis when administered by the oral or parenteral route long-term. However, the systematic use of this drug may provoke any of a number of side effects, notably hepatotoxic effects. To reduce these effects, clinical studies have been done with topical MTx. It is useful in treating a number of cutaneous conditions, including psoriasis. A major problem in topical administration of MTx currently available in market is that the drug is hydrosoluble and is mostly in the dissociated form at physiological pH. Its capacity for passive diffusion is thus limited. Localization of MTx in effected layers of skin is likely to improve the role of topical dosage form of the drug as a supplementary to oral therapy for treatment of psoriasis. One of the possibilities for increasing the penetration of drugs through the skin is the use of Nanostructured lipid Carriers. The objective of the present study was to formulate and characterize Methotrexate loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (MtxNLCs), to understand in vitro drug release and evaluate the role of the developed gel in the topical treatment of psoriasis. MtxNLCs were prepared by solvent diffusion technique using 3(2) full factorial design.The mean diameter and surface morphology of MtxNLC was evaluated. MtxNLCs were lyophilized and crystallinity of NLC was characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimtery (DSC) and powder X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The NLCs were incorporated in 1% w/w Carbopol 934 P gel base and in vitro skin deposition studies in Human Cadaver Skin were conducted. The optimized MtxNLCs were spherical in shape, with average particle size of 253(±9.92)nm, zeta potential of -30.4 (±0.86) mV and EE of 53.12(±1.54)%. DSC and XRD data confirmed the formation of NLCs. Significantly higher deposition of Methotrexate was found in human cadaver skin from MtxNLC gel (71.52 ±1.23%) as compared to Mtx plain gel (54.28±1.02%). Findings of the studies suggest that there is significant improvement in therapeutic index in treatment of psoriasis by MTx-NLCs incorporated gel base developed in this investigation over plain drug gel currently available in the market. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methotrexate" title="methotrexate">methotrexate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psoriasis" title=" psoriasis"> psoriasis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NLCs" title=" NLCs"> NLCs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatotoxic%20effects" title=" hepatotoxic effects"> hepatotoxic effects</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23230/development-of-methotrexate-nanostructured-lipid-carriers-for-topical-treatment-of-psoriasis-optimization-evaluation-and-in-vitro-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23230.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">430</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">170</span> Development and Characterization of Topical 5-Fluorouracil Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for the Effective Treatment of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudhir%20Kumar">Sudhir Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20R.%20Sinha"> V. R. Sinha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The topical and systemic toxicity associated with present nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) treatment therapy using 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) make it necessary to develop a novel delivery system having lesser toxicity and better control over drug release. Solid lipid nanoparticles offer many advantages like: controlled and localized release of entrapped actives, nontoxicity, and better tolerance. Aim:-To investigate safety and efficacy of 5-FU loaded solid lipid nanoparticles as a topical delivery system for the treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Method: Topical solid lipid nanoparticles of 5-FU were prepared using Compritol 888 ATO (Glyceryl behenate) as lipid component and pluronic F68 (Poloxamer 188), Tween 80 (Polysorbate 80), Tyloxapol (4-(1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl) phenol polymer with formaldehyde and oxirane) as surfactants. The SLNs were prepared with emulsification method. Different formulation parameters viz. type and ratio of surfactant, ratio of lipid and ratio of surfactant:lipid were investigated on particle size and drug entrapment efficiency. Results: Characterization of SLNs like–Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Differential Scannig calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Particle size determination, Polydispersity index, Entrapment efficiency, Drug loading, ex vivo skin permeation and skin retention studies, skin irritation and histopathology studies were performed. TEM results showed that shape of SLNs was spherical with size range 200-500nm. Higher encapsulation efficiency was obtained for batches having higher concentration of surfactant and lipid. It was found maximum 64.3% for SLN-6 batch with size of 400.1±9.22 nm and PDI 0.221±0.031. Optimized SLN batches and marketed 5-FU cream were compared for flux across rat skin and skin drug retention. The lesser flux and higher skin retention was obtained for SLN formulation in comparison to topical 5-FU cream, which ensures less systemic toxicity and better control of drug release across skin. Chronic skin irritation studies lacks serious erythema or inflammation and histopathology studies showed no significant change in physiology of epidermal layers of rat skin. So, these studies suggest that the optimized SLN formulation is efficient then marketed cream and safer for long term NMSC treatment regimens. Conclusion: Topical and systemic toxicity associated with long-term use of 5-FU, in the treatment of NMSC, can be minimized with its controlled release with significant drug retention with minimal flux across skin. The study may provide a better alternate for effective NMSC treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=5-FU" title="5-FU">5-FU</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topical%20formulation" title=" topical formulation"> topical formulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20lipid%20nanoparticles" title=" solid lipid nanoparticles"> solid lipid nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non%20melanoma%20skin%20cancer" title=" non melanoma skin cancer"> non melanoma skin cancer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20727/development-and-characterization-of-topical-5-fluorouracil-solid-lipid-nanoparticles-for-the-effective-treatment-of-non-melanoma-skin-cancer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20727.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">517</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">169</span> Topics of Blockchain Technology to Teach at Community College</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Penn%20P.%20Wu">Penn P. Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeannie%20Jo"> Jeannie Jo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Blockchain technology has rapidly gained popularity in industry. This paper attempts to assist academia to answer four questions. First, should community colleges begin offering education to nurture blockchain-literate students for the job market? Second, what are the appropriate topical areas to cover? Third, should it be an individual course? And forth, should it be a technical or management course? This paper starts with identifying the knowledge domains of blockchain technology and the topical areas each domain has, and continues with placing them in appropriate academic territories (Computer Sciences vs. Business) and subjects (programming, management, marketing, and laws), and then develops an evaluation model to determine the appropriate topical area for community colleges to teach. The evaluation is based on seven factors: maturity of technology, impacts on management, real-world applications, subject classification, knowledge prerequisites, textbook readiness, and recommended pedagogies. The evaluation results point to an interesting direction that offering an introductory course is an ideal option to guide students through the learning journey of what blockchain is and how it applies to business. Such an introductory course does not need to engage students in the discussions of mathematics and sciences that make blockchain technologies possible. While it is inevitable to brief technical topics to help students build a solid knowledge foundation of blockchain technologies, community colleges should avoid offering students a course centered on the discussion of developing blockchain applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain" title="blockchain">blockchain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedagogies" title=" pedagogies"> pedagogies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain%20technologies" title=" blockchain technologies"> blockchain technologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain%20course" title=" blockchain course"> blockchain course</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain%20pedagogies" title=" blockchain pedagogies"> blockchain pedagogies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98679/topics-of-blockchain-technology-to-teach-at-community-college" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98679.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">168</span> Proniosomes as a Drug Carrier for Topical Delivery of Tolnaftate </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mona%20Mahmoud%20Abou%20Samra">Mona Mahmoud Abou Samra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20Hamed%20Salama"> Alaa Hamed Salama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghada%20Awad"> Ghada Awad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soheir%20Said%20Mansy"> Soheir Said Mansy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Proniosomes are well documented for topical drug delivery and preferred over other vesicular systems because they are biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic, possess skin penetration ability and prolong the release of drugs by acting as depot in deeper layers of skin. Proniosome drug delivery was preferred due to improved stability of the system than niosomes. The present investigation aimed at formulation development and performance evaluation of proniosomal gel as a vesicular drug carrier system for antifungal drug tolnaftate. Proniosomes was developed using different nonionic surfactants such as span 60 and span 65 with cholesterol in different molar ratios by the Coacervation phase separation method in presence or absence of either lecithin or phospholipon 80 H. Proniosomal gel formulations of tolnaftate were characterized for vesicular shape & size, entrapment efficiency, rheological properties and release study. The effect of surfactants and additives on the entrapment efficiency, particle size and percent of drug released was studied. The selected proniosomal formulations for topical delivery of tolnaftate was subjected to a microbiological study in male rats infected with Trichophyton rubrum; the main cause of Tinea Pedis compared to the free drug and a market product and the results was recorded. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungal%20infection" title="fungal infection">fungal infection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proniosome" title=" proniosome"> proniosome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tolnaftate" title=" tolnaftate"> tolnaftate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trichophyton%20rubrum" title=" trichophyton rubrum"> trichophyton rubrum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25830/proniosomes-as-a-drug-carrier-for-topical-delivery-of-tolnaftate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25830.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">512</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">167</span> Evaluation of the Irritation Potential of Three Topical Formulations of Minoxidil 5% + Finasteride 0.1% Using Patch Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joshi%20Rajiv">Joshi Rajiv</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shah%20Priyank"> Shah Priyank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thavkar%20Amit"> Thavkar Amit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rohira%20Poonam"> Rohira Poonam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehta%20Suyog"> Mehta Suyog</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Topical formulation containing minoxidil and finasteride helps hair growth in the treatment of male androgenetic alopecia. The objective of this study is to compare the irritation potential of three conventional formulations of minoxidil 5% + finasteride 0.1% topical solution of in human patch test. The study was a single centre, double blind, non-randomized controlled study in 53 healthy adult Indian subjects. Occlusive patch test for 24 hours was performed with three formulations of minoxidil 5% + finasteride 0.1% topical solution. Products tested included aqueous based minoxidil 5% + finasteride 0.1% (AnasureTM-F, Sun Pharma, India – Brand A), lipid based minoxidil 5% + finasteride 0.1% (Brand B) and aqueous based minoxidil 5% + finasteride 0.1% (Brand C). Isotonic saline 0.9% and 1% w/w sodium lauryl sulphate were included as negative control and positive control respectively. Patches were applied and removed after 24 hours. The skin reaction was assessed and clinically scored 24 hours after the removal of the patches under constant artificial daylight source using the Draize scale (0-4 points scale for erythema/dryness//wrinkles and for oedema). Follow-up was scheduled after one week to confirm recovery for any reaction. A combined mean score up to 2.0/8.0 indicates a product is “non-irritant” and a score between 2.0/8.0 and 4.0/8.0 indicates “mildly irritant” and a score above 4.0/8.0 indicates “irritant”. The procedure of the patch test followed the principles outlined by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) (IS 4011:2018; Methods of Test for safety evaluation of Cosmetics-3rd revision). Fifty three subjects with mean age 31.9 years (25 males and 28 females) participated in the study. The combined mean score ± standard deviation were: 0.06 ± 0.23 (Brand A), 0.81 ± 0.59 (Brand B), 0.38 ± 0.49 (Brand C), 2.92 ± 0.47 (positive control) and 0.0 ± 0.0 (Negative control). This means the score of Brand A (Sun Pharma product) was significantly lower than that of Brand B (p=0.001) and that of Brand C (p=0.001). The combined mean erythema score ± standard deviation were: 0.06 ± 0.23 (Brand A), 0.81 ± 0.59 (Brand B), 0.38 ± 0.49 (Brand C), 2.09 ± 0.4 (Positive control) and 0.0 ± 0.0 (Negative control). The mean erythema score of Brand A was significantly lower than Brand B (p=0.001) and that of Brand C (p=0.001). Any reaction observed at 24hours after patch removal subsided in a week. All the three topical formulations of minoxidil 5% + finasteride 0.1% were non-irritant. Brand A of minoxidil 5% + finasteride 0.1% (Sun Pharma) was found to be the least irritant than Brand B and Brand C based on the combined mean score and mean erythema score in the human patch test as per the BIS, IS 4011:2018 <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erythema" title="erythema">erythema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finasteride" title=" finasteride"> finasteride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irritation" title=" irritation"> irritation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minoxidil" title=" minoxidil"> minoxidil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patch%20test" title=" patch test"> patch test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151553/evaluation-of-the-irritation-potential-of-three-topical-formulations-of-minoxidil-5-finasteride-01-using-patch-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151553.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">166</span> Efficacy and Safety of Combination Therapy in Androgenetic Alopecia: Randomized Uncontrolled Evaluator, Blind Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shivani%20Dhande">Shivani Dhande</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjiv%20Choudhary"> Sanjiv Choudhary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adarshlata%20Singh"> Adarshlata Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Early age of onset of baldness has marked psychological impact on personality. Combination therapies have better efficacy than monotherapy in androgenetic alopecia. Although medical, surgical treatment and cosmetic aids are available for treatment of pattern baldness, medical is first preferred the line of treatment. Although only 5% topical minoxidil is USFDA approved, 10% is available in India since 2007. Efficacy of tablet finasteride is well established in male pattern baldness. 5% topical minoxidil is effective and safe in female pattern baldness. There is a role of saw palmetto in regrowth of scalp hair. With this background research was undertaken to study efficacy and safety of topical minoxidil 10% + tab. Finesteride (1mg) + dermaroller in male pattern baldness and topical minoxidil 5% + cap. Saw palmetto (320 mg) + dermaroller in female pattern baldness. Methods and Materials: It was a randomized uncontrolled evaluator blind study consisting of total 21 patients, 15 of male pattern baldness and 6 of female pattern baldness within 20-35 yrs of age were enrolled. Male patients had Hamilton grade 2-4 MPB and females had Ludwig grade 2 FPB. Male patients were treated with Tab Finesteride 1mg once daily + 10% topical Minoxidil 1ml twice daily for 6 months. Female patients were treated with Cap. Saw palmetto 320 mg once daily + 5% topical Minoxidil twice daily for 6 months. In both male & female patients dermaroller therapy was used once in 10 days for 4 sittings followed by once in 15 days for next 5 months. Blood pressure and possible side effects were monitored in every follow up visits. Pre and post treatment photographs were taken. Assessment of hair growth was done at baseline and at the end of 6 months. Patients satisfactory grading scale and Physician assessment of hair growth scale were used to assessing the results. Trichoscan was done for assessment of hair-shaft diameter and density. Pre and post treatment photographs and Trichoscan hair growth analysis (by diameter and density) was done by physician (dermatologist) not directly involved in this study (evaluator blind). Result: This combination therapy showed moderate response in female pattern alopecia and good to excellent results in male pattern alopecia at the end of 6 months. During therapy none of the patients showed side effects like hypotension, headache and loss of libido, hirsuitism. Mild irritation due to crystal deposition was noted by 3 patients. Conclusion: Effective and early treatment using combination therapy with higher percent of Minoxidil for rapid hair growth is necessary in initial period since it will boost up the self-confidence in patients leading to better treatment compliance. Subsequent maintenance of hair growth can be done with lower concentration. No significant side effects with treatment are observed in both group of patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=androgenetic%20alopecia" title="androgenetic alopecia">androgenetic alopecia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dermaroller" title=" dermaroller"> dermaroller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finasteride" title=" finasteride"> finasteride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minoxidil" title=" minoxidil"> minoxidil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saw%20palmetto" title=" saw palmetto"> saw palmetto</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68880/efficacy-and-safety-of-combination-therapy-in-androgenetic-alopecia-randomized-uncontrolled-evaluator-blind-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68880.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">165</span> Net Work Meta Analysis to Identify the Most Effective Dressings to Treat Pressure Injury</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lukman%20Thalib">Lukman Thalib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luis%20Furuya-Kanamori"> Luis Furuya-Kanamori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachel%20Walker"> Rachel Walker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brigid%20Gillespie"> Brigid Gillespie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suhail%20Doi"> Suhail Doi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and objectives: There are many topical treatments available for Pressure Injury (PI) treatment, yet there is a lack of evidence with regards to the most effective treatment. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of various topical treatments and identify the best treatment choice(s) for PI healing. Methods: Network meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials that compared the two or more of the following dressing groups: basic, foam, active, hydroactive, and other wound dressings. The outcome complete healing following treatment and the generalised pair-wise modelling framework was used to generate mixed treatment effects against hydroactive wound dressing, currently the standard of treatment for PIs. All treatments were then ranked by their point estimates. Main Results: 40 studies (1,757 participants) comparing 5 dressing groups were included in the analysis. All dressings groups ranked better than basic (i.e. saline gauze or similar inert dressing). The foam (RR 1.18; 95%CI 0.95-1.48) and active wound dressing (RR 1.16; 95%CI 0.92-1.47) ranked better than hydroactive wound dressing in terms of healing of PIs when the latter was used as the reference group. Conclusion & Recommendations: There was considerable uncertainty around the estimates, yet, the use of hydroactive wound dressings appear to perform better than basic dressings. Foam and active wound dressing groups show promise and need further investigation. High-quality research on clinical effectiveness of the topical treatments are warranted to identify if foam and active wound dressings do provide advantages over hydroactive dressings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Net%20work%20Meta%20Analysis" title="Net work Meta Analysis">Net work Meta Analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pressure%20Injury" title=" Pressure Injury"> Pressure Injury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dresssing" title=" Dresssing"> Dresssing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pressure%20Ulcer" title=" Pressure Ulcer "> Pressure Ulcer </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120676/net-work-meta-analysis-to-identify-the-most-effective-dressings-to-treat-pressure-injury" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120676.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">164</span> Formulation of Film Forming Transdermal Spray Containing Fluconazole Using Full Factorial Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paresh%20M.%20Patel">Paresh M. Patel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20A.%20Patel"> Amit A. Patel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20H.%20Parikh"> R. H. Parikh </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present investigation was undertaken to fabricate modified transport fluconazole that belongs to BCS class II and have a poor applicability on topical infection. So to improve topical application, transdermal spray could play a vital role by using ethyl cellulose and Eudragit® S100 as film-forming polymers. Concentration of Eudragit® S100, ethyl cellulose and permeation enhancer (camphor and menthol) were selected as independent variables, whereas drying time, viscosity and in-vitro drug release were selected as dependent variables in factorial design. The viscosity, drying time and in-vitro drug release of the optimize batch B15 was 40.1 cps, 47 sec. and 90.79% respectively. The film of optimized batch was flexible and dermal-adhesive. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eudragit" title="Eudragit">Eudragit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethyl%20cellulose" title=" ethyl cellulose"> ethyl cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluconazole" title=" fluconazole"> fluconazole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transdermal%20spray" title=" transdermal spray"> transdermal spray</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14151/formulation-of-film-forming-transdermal-spray-containing-fluconazole-using-full-factorial-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14151.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">456</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">163</span> Evaluating the Effectiveness of Mesotherapy and Topical 2% Minoxidil for Androgenic Alopecia in Females, Using Topical 2% Minoxidil as a Common Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamed%20Delrobai%20Ghoochan%20Atigh">Hamed Delrobai Ghoochan Atigh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is a common form of hair loss, impacting approximately 50% of females, which leads to reduced self-esteem and quality of life. It causes progressive follicular miniaturization in genetically predisposed individuals. Mesotherapy -- a minimally invasive procedure, topical 2% minoxidil, and oral finasteride have emerged as popular treatment options in the realm of cosmetics. However, the efficacy of mesotherapy compared to other options remains unclear. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of mesotherapy when it is added to topical 2% minoxidil treatment on female androgenic alopecia. Mesotherapy, also known as intradermotherapy, is a technique that entails administering multiple intradermal injections of a carefully composed mixture of compounds in low doses, applied at various points in close proximity to or directly over the affected areas. This study involves a randomized controlled trial with 100 female participants diagnosed with androgenic alopecia. The subjects were randomly assigned to two groups: Group A used topical 2% minoxidil twice daily and took Finastride oral tablet. For Group B, 10 mesotherapy sessions were added to the prior treatment. The injections were administered every week in the first month of treatment, every two weeks in the second month, and after that the injections were applied monthly for four consecutive months. The response assessment was made at baseline, the 4th session, and finally after 6 months when the treatment was complete. Clinical photographs, 7-point Likert scale patient self-evaluation, and 7-point Likert scale assessment tool were used to measure the effectiveness of the treatment. During this evaluation, a significant and visible improvement in hair density and thickness was observed. The study demonstrated a significant increase in treatment efficacy in Group B compared to Group A post-treatment, with no adverse effects. Based on the findings, it appears that mesotherapy offers a significant improvement in female AGA over minoxidil. Hair loss was stopped in Group B after one month and improvement in density and thickness of hair was observed after the third month. The findings from this study provide valuable insights into the efficacy of mesotherapy in treating female androgenic alopecia. Our evaluation offers a detailed assessment of hair growth parameters, enabling a better understanding of the treatments' effectiveness. The potential of this promising technique is significantly enhanced when carried out in a medical facility, guided by appropriate indications and skillful execution. An interesting observation in our study is that in areas where the hair had turned grey, the newly regrown hair does not retain its original grey color; instead, it becomes darker. The results contribute to evidence-based decision-making in dermatological practice and offer different insights into the treatment of female pattern hair loss. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=androgenic%20alopecia" title="androgenic alopecia">androgenic alopecia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=female%20hair%20loss" title=" female hair loss"> female hair loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mesotherapy" title=" mesotherapy"> mesotherapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topical%202%25%20minoxidil" title=" topical 2% minoxidil"> topical 2% minoxidil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170838/evaluating-the-effectiveness-of-mesotherapy-and-topical-2-minoxidil-for-androgenic-alopecia-in-females-using-topical-2-minoxidil-as-a-common-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170838.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">162</span> Topical Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Eye Drops and Oral Acetazolamide for Macular Edema after Uncomplicated Phacoemulsification: Outcome and Predictors of Non-Response</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wissam%20Aljundi">Wissam Aljundi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Loay%20Daas"> Loay Daas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yaser%20Abu%20Dail"> Yaser Abu Dail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Barbara%20K%C3%A4smann-Kellner"> Barbara Käsmann-Kellner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Berthold%20Seitz"> Berthold Seitz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20Din%20Abdin"> Alaa Din Abdin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: To investigate the effectiveness of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory eye drops (NSAIDs) combined with oral acetazolamide for postoperative macular edema (PME) after uncomplicated phacoemulsification (PE) and to identify predictors of non-response. Methods: We analyzed data of uncomplicated PE and identified eyes with PME. First-line therapy included topical NSAIDs combined with oral acetazolamide. In case of non-response, triamcinolone was administered subtenonally. Outcome measures included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT). Results: 94 eyes out of 9750 uncomplicated PE developed PME, of which 60 eyes were included. Follow-ups occurred 6.4±1.8, 12.5±3.7, and 18.6±6.0 weeks after diagnosis. BCVA and CMT improved significantly in all follow-ups. 40 eyes showed response to first-line therapy at first follow-up (G1). The remaining 20 eyes showed no response and required subtenon triamcinolone (G2), of which 11 eyes showed complete regression at the second follow-up and 4 eyes at the third follow-up. 5 eyes showed no response and required intravitreal injection. Multivariate linear regression model showed that diabetes mellitus (DM) and increased cumulative dissipated energy (CDE) are predictors of non-response. Conclusion: Topical NSAIDs with acetazolamide resulted in complete regression of PME in 67% of all cases. DM and increased CDE might be considered as predictors of nonresponse to this treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postoperative%20macular%20edema" title="postoperative macular edema">postoperative macular edema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intravitreal%20injection" title=" intravitreal injection"> intravitreal injection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cumulative%20energy" title=" cumulative energy"> cumulative energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irvine%20gass%20syndrome" title=" irvine gass syndrome"> irvine gass syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pseudophakie" title=" pseudophakie"> pseudophakie</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156170/topical-nonsteroidal-anti-inflammatory-eye-drops-and-oral-acetazolamide-for-macular-edema-after-uncomplicated-phacoemulsification-outcome-and-predictors-of-non-response" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156170.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">117</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">161</span> Formulation and Optimization of Topical 5-Fluorouracil Microemulsions Using Central Compisite Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudhir%20Kumar">Sudhir Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20R.%20Sinha"> V. R. Sinha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Water in oil topical microemulsions of 5-FU were developed and optimized using face centered central composite design. Topical w/o microemulsion of 5-FU were prepared using sorbitan monooleate (Span 80), polysorbate 80 (Tween 80), with different oils such as oleic acid (OA), triacetin (TA), and isopropyl myristate (IPM). The ternary phase diagrams designated the microemulsion region and face centered central composite design helped in determining the effects of selected variables viz. type of oil, smix ratio and water concentration on responses like drug content, globule size and viscosity of microemulsions. The CCD design exhibited that the factors have statistically significant effects (p<0.01) on the selected responses. The actual responses showed excellent agreement with the predicted values as suggested by the CCD with lower residual standard error. Similarly, the optimized values were found within the range as predicted by the model. Furthermore, other characteristics of microemulsions like pH, conductivity were investigated. For the optimized microemulsion batch, ex-vivo skin flux, skin irritation and retention studies were performed and compared with marketed 5-FU formulation. In ex vivo skin permeation studies, higher skin retention of drug and minimal flux was achieved for optimized microemulsion batch then the marketed cream. Results confirmed the actual responses to be in agreement with predicted ones with least residual standard errors. Controlled release of drug was achieved for the optimized batch with higher skin retention of 5-FU, which can further be utilized for the treatment of many dermatological disorders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=5-FU" title="5-FU">5-FU</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=central%20composite%20design" title=" central composite design"> central composite design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microemulsion" title=" microemulsion"> microemulsion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ternanry%20phase%20diagram" title=" ternanry phase diagram"> ternanry phase diagram</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20855/formulation-and-optimization-of-topical-5-fluorouracil-microemulsions-using-central-compisite-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20855.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">479</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">160</span> Competence-Based Human Resources Selection and Training: Making Decisions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Starineca">O. Starineca</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Voronchuk"> I. Voronchuk </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human Resources (HR) selection and training have various implementation possibilities depending on an organization’s abilities and peculiarities. We propose to base HR selection and training decisions about on a competence-based approach. HR selection and training of employees are topical as there is room for improvement in this field; therefore, the aim of the research is to propose rational decision-making approaches for an organization HR selection and training choice. Our proposals are based on the training development and competence-based selection approaches created within previous researches i.e. Analytic-Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Linear Programming. Literature review on non-formal education, competence-based selection, AHP form our theoretical background. Some educational service providers in Latvia offer employees training, e.g. motivation, computer skills, accounting, law, ethics, stress management, etc. that are topical for Public Administration. Competence-based approach is a rational base for rational decision-making in both HR selection and considering HR training. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competence-based%20selection" title="competence-based selection">competence-based selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20resource" title=" human resource"> human resource</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=training" title=" training"> training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision-making" title=" decision-making"> decision-making</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31400/competence-based-human-resources-selection-and-training-making-decisions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31400.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light 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