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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Platysma muscle</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B6%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%82" title="عضلة جلدية للعنق – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عضلة جلدية للعنق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAscul_platisma" title="Múscul platisma – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Múscul platisma" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sval_ko%C5%BEn%C3%AD" title="Sval kožní – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sval kožní" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platysma" title="Platysma – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Platysma" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsculo_platisma" title="Músculo platisma – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Músculo platisma" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C%DA%86%D9%87_%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86" title="ماهیچه پوستی گردن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ماهیچه پوستی گردن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_platysma" title="Muscle platysma – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Muscle platysma" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsculo_platisma" title="Músculo platisma – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Músculo platisma" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%84%93%EC%9D%80%EB%AA%A9%EA%B7%BC" title="넓은목근 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="넓은목근" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plosnati_mi%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Plosnati mišić – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Plosnati mišić" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscolo_platisma" title="Muscolo platisma – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Muscolo platisma" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyakb%C5%91rizom" title="Nyakbőrizom – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nyakbőrizom" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platysma" title="Platysma – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Platysma" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%83%E9%A0%9A%E7%AD%8B" title="広頚筋 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="広頚筋" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platysma" title="Platysma – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Platysma" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C4%99sie%C5%84_szeroki_szyi" title="Mięsień szeroki szyi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mięsień szeroki szyi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsculo_platisma" title="Músculo platisma – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Músculo platisma" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%86%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B8" title="Подкожная мышца шеи – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Подкожная мышца шеи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platizma" title="Platizma – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Platizma" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Платизма – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Платизма" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platysma" title="Platysma – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Platysma" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A0%B8%E9%97%8A%E8%82%8C" 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Human neck muscle</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Platysma is also a plant taxon synonym with <a href="/wiki/Podochilus" title="Podochilus">Podochilus</a>, an orchid genus.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:antiquewhite">Platysma muscle</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sobo_1909_267.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Sobo_1909_267.png/250px-Sobo_1909_267.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="343" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Sobo_1909_267.png/375px-Sobo_1909_267.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Sobo_1909_267.png/500px-Sobo_1909_267.png 2x" data-file-width="1641" data-file-height="2250" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The platysma is visible, with skin removed.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sobo_1909_260.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Sobo_1909_260.png/250px-Sobo_1909_260.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Sobo_1909_260.png/375px-Sobo_1909_260.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Sobo_1909_260.png/500px-Sobo_1909_260.png 2x" data-file-width="2412" data-file-height="2104" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The muscles of the face, platysma visible at bottom right.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_muscle#Insertion_and_origin" title="Anatomical terms of muscle">Origin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Subcutaneous tissue of infraclavicular and supraclavicular regions</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_muscle#Insertion_and_origin" title="Anatomical terms of muscle">Insertion</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Base of mandible; skin of cheek and lower lip; angle of mouth; orbicularis oris</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Artery" title="Artery">Artery</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Branches of the <a href="/wiki/Submental_artery" title="Submental artery">submental artery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suprascapular_artery" title="Suprascapular artery">suprascapular artery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nerve" title="Nerve">Nerve</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cervical_branch_of_the_facial_nerve" title="Cervical branch of the facial nerve">Cervical branch</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Facial_nerve" title="Facial nerve">facial nerve</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_motion" title="Anatomical terms of motion">Actions</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Draws the corners of the <a href="/wiki/Human_mouth" title="Human mouth">mouth</a> <a href="/wiki/Inferiorly" class="mw-redirect" title="Inferiorly">inferiorly</a> and widens it (as in expressions of sadness and fright). Also draws the <a href="/wiki/Human_skin" title="Human skin">skin</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Neck" title="Neck">neck</a> <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_location#Superior_and_inferior" title="Anatomical terms of location">superiorly</a> when <a href="/wiki/Human_tooth" title="Human tooth">teeth</a> are clenched</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Antagonist_(muscle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Antagonist (muscle)">Antagonist</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Masseter_muscle" title="Masseter muscle">Masseter muscle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Temporalis_muscle" title="Temporalis muscle">temporalis muscle</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>platysma</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/04.2.01.001%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A04.2.01.001</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=2147">2147</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma45738">45738</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_muscle" title="Anatomical terms of muscle">Anatomical terms of muscle</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841422" class="extiw" title="d:Q841422">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>platysma muscle</b> or <b>platysma</b> is a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/superficial" class="extiw" title="wikt:superficial">superficial</a> <a href="/wiki/Muscle" title="Muscle">muscle</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">human</a> <a href="/wiki/Neck" title="Neck">neck</a> that overlaps the <a href="/wiki/Sternocleidomastoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Sternocleidomastoid">sternocleidomastoid</a>. It covers the anterior surface of the neck superficially. When it contracts, it produces a slight wrinkling of the neck, and a "bowstring" effect on either side of the neck. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platysma_muscle&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The platysma muscle is a broad sheet of muscle arising from the <a href="/wiki/Fascia" title="Fascia">fascia</a> covering the upper parts of the <a href="/wiki/Pectoralis_major" title="Pectoralis major">pectoralis major muscle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deltoid_muscle" title="Deltoid muscle">deltoid muscle</a>. Its fibers cross the <a href="/wiki/Clavicle" title="Clavicle">clavicle</a>, and proceed obliquely upward and medially along the side of the neck. This leaves the inferior part of the neck in the midline deficient of significant muscle cover.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fibres at the front of the muscle from the left and right sides intermingle together below and behind the <a href="/wiki/Mandibular_symphysis" title="Mandibular symphysis">mandibular symphysis</a>, the junction where the two lateral halves of the <a href="/wiki/Mandible" title="Mandible">mandible</a> are fused at an early period of life (although not a true symphysis). Fibres at the back of the muscle cross the mandible, some being inserted into the bone below the oblique line, others into the skin and <a href="/wiki/Subcutaneous_tissue" title="Subcutaneous tissue">subcutaneous tissue</a> of the lower part of the face. Many of these fibers blend with the muscles about the angle and lower part of the mouth.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sometimes fibers can be traced to the <a href="/wiki/Zygomaticus_major_muscle" title="Zygomaticus major muscle">zygomaticus major muscle</a>, or to the margin of the <a href="/wiki/Orbicularis_oris_muscle" title="Orbicularis oris muscle">orbicularis oris muscle</a>. Beneath the platysma, the <a href="/wiki/External_jugular_vein" title="External jugular vein">external jugular vein</a> descends from the <a href="/wiki/Angle_of_the_mandible" title="Angle of the mandible">angle of the mandible</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Clavicle" title="Clavicle">clavicle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nerve_supply">Nerve supply</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platysma_muscle&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Nerve supply"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The platysma muscle is supplied by the <a href="/wiki/Cervical_branch_of_the_facial_nerve" title="Cervical branch of the facial nerve">cervical branch</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Facial_nerve" title="Facial nerve">facial nerve</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blood_supply">Blood supply</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platysma_muscle&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Blood supply"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The platysma muscle is supplied by branches of the <a href="/wiki/Submental_artery" title="Submental artery">submental artery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suprascapular_artery" title="Suprascapular artery">suprascapular artery</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relations">Relations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platysma_muscle&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The platysma muscle lies just deep to the subcutaneous fascia and <a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">fat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It covers many structures found deeper in the neck, such as the <a href="/wiki/External_carotid_artery" title="External carotid artery">external carotid artery</a>, the <a href="/wiki/External_jugular_vein" title="External jugular vein">external jugular vein</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Parotid_gland" title="Parotid gland">parotid gland</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Lesser_occipital_nerve" title="Lesser occipital nerve">lesser occipital nerve</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Great_auricular_nerve" title="Great auricular nerve">great auricular nerve</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Marginal_mandibular_branch_of_the_facial_nerve" title="Marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve">marginal mandibular branch</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Facial_nerve" title="Facial nerve">facial nerve</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Variation">Variation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platysma_muscle&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Variation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Variations occur in the extension over the face and over the clavicle and shoulder. The platysma muscle may be absent or interdigitate with the muscle of the opposite side in front of the neck; attachment to clavicle, mastoid process or occipital bone occurs. A more or less independent <a href="/wiki/Muscle_fascicle" title="Muscle fascicle">fasciculus</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Occipitalis_muscle" title="Occipitalis muscle">occipitalis minor muscle</a>, may extend from the fascia over the <a href="/wiki/Trapezius" title="Trapezius">trapezius muscle</a> to fascia over the insertion of the <a href="/wiki/Sternocleidomastoid_muscle" title="Sternocleidomastoid muscle">sternocleidomastoid muscle</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platysma_muscle&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wrinkling">Wrinkling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platysma_muscle&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Wrinkling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the entire platysma muscle is in action, it produces a slight <a href="/wiki/Wrinkle" title="Wrinkle">wrinkling</a> of the surface of the skin of the <a href="/wiki/Neck" title="Neck">neck</a> in an oblique direction (at an angle to the midline). It creates a distinctive "bowstring" effect on either side of the neck, where fibres move away from the midline.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jaw_and_lip_movement">Jaw and lip movement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platysma_muscle&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Jaw and lip movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The anterior portion of the platysma muscle, the thickest part of the muscle, depresses the lower jaw. It also draws down the lower lip and angle of the mouth in a <a href="/wiki/Frown" title="Frown">frown</a>. However, the platysma muscle plays only a minor role in depressing the lower lip, which is primarily performed by the <a href="/wiki/Depressor_anguli_oris_muscle" title="Depressor anguli oris muscle">depressor anguli oris muscle</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Depressor_labii_inferioris_muscle" title="Depressor labii inferioris muscle">depressor labii inferioris muscle</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platysma_muscle&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a similar fashion to other muscles, the platysma muscle is vulnerable to tears, <a href="/wiki/Strain_(injury)" title="Strain (injury)">strains</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muscle_atrophy" title="Muscle atrophy">muscle atrophy</a>, among many other possible conditions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Injury">Injury</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platysma_muscle&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Injury"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The platysma muscle is vulnerable to neck injuries that may <a href="/wiki/Penetrating_trauma" title="Penetrating trauma">penetrate</a> it, as it is both superficial and thin.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Penetrating trauma in the neck injuries can be defined as any that completely penetrate the platysma muscle, making it an important landmark.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Computed_tomography_angiography" title="Computed tomography angiography">Computed tomography angiography</a> may be used to visualise <a href="/wiki/Artery" title="Artery">arteries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vein" title="Vein">veins</a>, such as for complex injuries from <a href="/wiki/Gunshot_wound" title="Gunshot wound">gunshot wounds</a> or <a href="/wiki/Stab_wound" title="Stab wound">stab wounds</a>, and is useful to image any damage to the muscle.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This minimises the number of <a href="/wiki/Exploratory_surgery" title="Exploratory surgery">exploratory surgeries</a> that need to be performed, thus improving the handling of the condition.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neck_surgery">Neck surgery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platysma_muscle&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Neck surgery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When neck surgery is performed, the platysma muscle usually needs to be cut through to access deeper structures.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fibres need to be sutured together accurately to prevent abnormal <a href="/wiki/Scar" title="Scar">scar</a> retraction, which may look unsightly.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plastic_surgery">Plastic surgery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platysma_muscle&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Plastic surgery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wrinkly skin of neck caused by decrease in muscle tone leading to thinning and shortening of muscle is the secondary complication of facial nerve palsy and can be associated with the normal aging process. Neck bands in the area above the platysma muscle become most noticeable with age.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These may be aggravated by <a href="/wiki/Weight_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Weight training">weightlifting</a> or <a href="/wiki/Rhytidectomy" title="Rhytidectomy">facelift</a> procedures. This may be known as platysma <a href="/wiki/Dyskinesia" title="Dyskinesia">dyskinesia</a> or "turkey neck". </p><p><a href="/wiki/Conservative_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative management">Conservative management</a> may be used. Alternatively, interventions include <a href="/wiki/Botulinum_toxin" title="Botulinum toxin">botulinum toxin injection</a> and <a href="/wiki/Platysmaplasty" title="Platysmaplasty">platysmaplasty</a>. Platysmaplasty is a surgery in this area, that can be open or closed; in the latter a specialised instrument called a plastymotome is used that allows the surgery to be done without incisions.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It takes approximately 2 weeks for the symptoms to be reduced.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Adipose_tissue" title="Adipose tissue">Adipose tissue</a> is found above the platysma muscle, so <a href="/wiki/Liposuction" title="Liposuction">liposuction</a> of the neck may be performed fairly easily without the need to pierce it.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also important to not damage the platysma muscle to prevent <a href="/wiki/Bleeding" title="Bleeding">bleeding</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Images">Images</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platysma_muscle&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Platysma.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Platysma is visible at bottom, in neck"><img alt="Platysma is visible at bottom, in neck" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Platysma.png/106px-Platysma.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Platysma.png/159px-Platysma.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Platysma.png/213px-Platysma.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Platysma is visible at bottom, in neck</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braus_1921_375.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Platysma"><img alt="Platysma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Braus_1921_375.png/116px-Braus_1921_375.png" decoding="async" width="116" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Braus_1921_375.png/174px-Braus_1921_375.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Braus_1921_375.png/232px-Braus_1921_375.png 2x" data-file-width="1648" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Platysma</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platysma_muscle&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Weblinks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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muscles">Platysma</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platysma_muscle&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <i>This article incorporates text in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/anatomyofhumanbo1918gray#page/387/mode/2up">page 387</a> of the 20th edition of</i> <a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" title="Gray's Anatomy">Gray's Anatomy</a> <i>(1918)</i> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) 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Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Saunders_(imprint)" title="Saunders (imprint)">Saunders</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">679–</span>708. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB978-1-4160-2445-3.50082-0">10.1016/B978-1-4160-2445-3.50082-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4377-2083-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4377-2083-9"><bdi>978-1-4377-2083-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/825780332">825780332</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=78+-+Neck+Dissection&rft.btitle=Operative+Otolaryngology%3A+Head+and+Neck+Surgery&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E679-%3C%2Fspan%3E708&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Saunders&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F825780332&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB978-1-4160-2445-3.50082-0&rft.isbn=978-1-4377-2083-9&rft.aulast=Eibling&rft.aufirst=David+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F825780332&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatysma+muscle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKimChangKimBilsky2006" class="citation cs2">Kim, Se-Hoon; Chang, Ung-Kyu; Kim, Daniel H.; Bilsky, Mark H. 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Saunders, pp. <span class="nowrap">378–</span>394, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4160-3367-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4160-3367-7"><bdi>978-1-4160-3367-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-06</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tumors+of+the+Spine&rft.atitle=Chapter+19+-+Management+of+Upper+Cervical+Spine+Tumors&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E378-%3C%2Fspan%3E394&rft.date=2006-01-01&rft.isbn=978-1-4160-3367-7&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Se-Hoon&rft.au=Chang%2C+Ung-Kyu&rft.au=Kim%2C+Daniel+H.&rft.au=Bilsky%2C+Mark+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB9781416033677100197&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatysma+muscle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPosnick2014" class="citation book cs1">Posnick, Jeffrey C. (2014). "40 - Aesthetic Alteration of the Soft Tissues of the Neck and Lower Face: Evaluation and Surgery". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/860861780"><i>Orthognathic Surgery: Principles & Practice</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a>: <a href="/wiki/Saunders_(imprint)" title="Saunders (imprint)">Saunders</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">1746–</span>1783. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB978-1-4557-2698-1.00040-X">10.1016/B978-1-4557-2698-1.00040-X</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4557-5027-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4557-5027-6"><bdi>978-1-4557-5027-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/860861780">860861780</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=40+-+Aesthetic+Alteration+of+the+Soft+Tissues+of+the+Neck+and+Lower+Face%3A+Evaluation+and+Surgery&rft.btitle=Orthognathic+Surgery%3A+Principles+%26+Practice&rft.place=St.+Louis&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1746-%3C%2Fspan%3E1783&rft.pub=Saunders&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F860861780&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB978-1-4557-2698-1.00040-X&rft.isbn=978-1-4557-5027-6&rft.aulast=Posnick&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F860861780&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatysma+muscle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKimChangKimBilsky2008" class="citation book cs1">Kim, Se-Hoon; Chang, Ung-Kyu; Kim, Daniel H.; Bilsky, Mark H. (2008). "19 - Management of Upper Cervical Spine Tumors". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/489078564"><i>Tumors of the Spine</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Saunders_(imprint)" title="Saunders (imprint)">Saunders</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">378–</span>394. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB978-1-4160-3367-7.10019-7">10.1016/B978-1-4160-3367-7.10019-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4377-2164-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4377-2164-5"><bdi>978-1-4377-2164-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/489078564">489078564</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=19+-+Management+of+Upper+Cervical+Spine+Tumors&rft.btitle=Tumors+of+the+Spine&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E378-%3C%2Fspan%3E394&rft.pub=Saunders&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F489078564&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB978-1-4160-3367-7.10019-7&rft.isbn=978-1-4377-2164-5&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Se-Hoon&rft.au=Chang%2C+Ung-Kyu&rft.au=Kim%2C+Daniel+H.&rft.au=Bilsky%2C+Mark+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F489078564&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatysma+muscle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWolfeWilson2007" class="citation book cs1">Wolfe, Michael J.; Wilson, Keith (2007). "21 - Head and Neck Cancer". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/608607674"><i>Essentials of Surgical Oncology: Surgical Foundations</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mosby_(publisher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosby (publisher)">Mosby</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">329–</span>357. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB978-0-8151-4385-7.50027-8">10.1016/B978-0-8151-4385-7.50027-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8151-4385-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8151-4385-7"><bdi>978-0-8151-4385-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/608607674">608607674</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=21+-+Head+and+Neck+Cancer&rft.btitle=Essentials+of+Surgical+Oncology%3A+Surgical+Foundations&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E329-%3C%2Fspan%3E357&rft.pub=Mosby&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F608607674&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB978-0-8151-4385-7.50027-8&rft.isbn=978-0-8151-4385-7&rft.aulast=Wolfe&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Keith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F608607674&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatysma+muscle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCothrenMoore2009" class="citation book cs1">Cothren, C. Clay; Moore, Ernest E. (2009). "19 - Penetrating Neck Trauma". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/460933202"><i>Abernathy's Surgical Secrets</i></a> (6th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mosby_(publisher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosby (publisher)">Mosby</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">110–</span>113. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB978-0-323-05711-0.00019-7">10.1016/B978-0-323-05711-0.00019-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-323-07475-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-323-07475-9"><bdi>978-0-323-07475-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/460933202">460933202</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=19+-+Penetrating+Neck+Trauma&rft.btitle=Abernathy%27s+Surgical+Secrets&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E110-%3C%2Fspan%3E113&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Mosby&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F460933202&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB978-0-323-05711-0.00019-7&rft.isbn=978-0-323-07475-9&rft.aulast=Cothren&rft.aufirst=C.+Clay&rft.au=Moore%2C+Ernest+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F460933202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatysma+muscle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBellOsbornDierksPotter2007" class="citation journal cs1">Bell, RB; Osborn, T; Dierks, EJ; Potter, BE; Long, WB (2007). "Management of penetrating neck injuries: a new paradigm for civilian trauma". <i>J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg</i>. <b>65</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">691–</span>705. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.joms.2006.04.044">10.1016/j.joms.2006.04.044</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17368366">17368366</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Oral+Maxillofac.+Surg.&rft.atitle=Management+of+penetrating+neck+injuries%3A+a+new+paradigm+for+civilian+trauma&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E691-%3C%2Fspan%3E705&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.joms.2006.04.044&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17368366&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=RB&rft.au=Osborn%2C+T&rft.au=Dierks%2C+EJ&rft.au=Potter%2C+BE&rft.au=Long%2C+WB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatysma+muscle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLabb??n_a_similar_fashion_to_other_muscles,_the_platysma_is_vulnerable_to_tears,_strains_and_muscle_atrophy_among_many_other_possible_conditions._The_platysma_is_vulnerable_to_neck_injuries_that_may_penetrate_it._A_type_of_medical_imaging_called_CTA_(computed_tomography_angiography),_used_to_visualise_arterial_and_venous_vessels,_is_useful_to_minimise_the_number_of_neck_explorations,_thus_improving_the_handling_of_the_condition.[3]_Another_area_of_importance_of_the_platysma_lies_in_plastic_surgery._Neck_bands_in_the_area_become_most_noticeable_with_age,_aggravated_by_weightlifting_or_facelift._If_it_doesn't_heal_with_time,_there_are_many_options_to_correct_this:_Botox/Dysport/Xeomin_and_platysmaplasty._Platysmaplasty_is_a_surgery_in_this_area,_that_can_be_open_or_closed,_in_the_latter_a_specialised_instrument_called_plastymotome_that_allow_the_surgery_to_be_done_without_incisions._It_takes_approximately_2_weeks_for_the_symptoms_to_be_reduced.[4]FrancoNicolas2006" class="citation journal cs1">Labb??n a similar fashion to other muscles, the platysma is vulnerable to tears, strains and muscle atrophy among many other possible conditions. The platysma is vulnerable to neck injuries that may penetrate it. A type of medical imaging called CTA (computed tomography angiography), used to visualise arterial and venous vessels, is useful to minimise the number of neck explorations, thus improving the handling of the condition.[3] Another area of importance of the platysma lies in plastic surgery. Neck bands in the area become most noticeable with age, aggravated by weightlifting or facelift. If it doesn't heal with time, there are many options to correct this: Botox/Dysport/Xeomin and platysmaplasty. Platysmaplasty is a surgery in this area, that can be open or closed, in the latter a specialised instrument called plastymotome that allow the surgery to be done without incisions. It takes approximately 2 weeks for the symptoms to be reduced.[4], Daniel; Franco, R G.; Nicolas, J (May 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000218972.75144.9c">"Platysma Suspension and Platysmaplasty during Neck Lift: Anatomical Study and Analysis of 30 Cases"</a>. <i>Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery</i>. <b>117</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">2001–</span>2007. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F01.prs.0000218972.75144.9c">10.1097/01.prs.0000218972.75144.9c</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0032-1052">0032-1052</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16651976">16651976</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:26104853">26104853</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plastic+and+Reconstructive+Surgery&rft.atitle=Platysma+Suspension+and+Platysmaplasty+during+Neck+Lift%3A+Anatomical+Study+and+Analysis+of+30+Cases&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2001-%3C%2Fspan%3E2007&rft.date=2006-05&rft.issn=0032-1052&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A26104853%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16651976&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2F01.prs.0000218972.75144.9c&rft.aulast=Labb%3F%3Fn+a+similar+fashion+to+other+muscles%2C+the+platysma+is+vulnerable+to+tears%2C+strains+and+muscle+atrophy+among+many+other+possible+conditions.+The+platysma+is+vulnerable+to+neck+injuries+that+may+penetrate+it.+A+type+of+medical+imaging+called+CTA+%28computed+tomography+angiography%29%2C+used+to+visualise+arterial+and+venous+vessels%2C+is+useful+to+minimise+the+number+of+neck+explorations%2C+thus+improving+the+handling+of+the+condition.%5B3%5D+Another+area+of+importance+of+the+platysma+lies+in+plastic+surgery.+Neck+bands+in+the+area+become+most+noticeable+with+age%2C+aggravated+by+weightlifting+or+facelift.+If+it+doesn%27t+heal+with+time%2C+there+are+many+options+to+correct+this%3A+Botox%2FDysport%2FXeomin+and+platysmaplasty.+Platysmaplasty+is+a+surgery+in+this+area%2C+that+can+be+open+or+closed%2C+in+the+latter+a+specialised+instrument+called+plastymotome+that+allow+the+surgery+to+be+done+without+incisions.+It+takes+approximately+2+weeks+for+the+symptoms+to+be+reduced.%5B4%5D&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Franco%2C+R+G.&rft.au=Nicolas%2C+J&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1097%2F01.prs.0000218972.75144.9c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatysma+muscle" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDaher2011" class="citation journal cs1">Daher, JC (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3192284">"Closed platysmotomy: a new procedure for the treatment of platysma bands without skin dissection"</a>. <i>Aesthetic Plast Surg</i>. <b>35</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">866–</span>77. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00266-011-9782-0">10.1007/s00266-011-9782-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3192284">3192284</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21847680">21847680</a>.</cite><span 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/><cite id="CITEREFAlamWhite2008" class="citation book cs1">Alam, Murad; White, Lucile E. (2008). "1 - Anatomy in Dermatologic Surgery". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/811786617"><i>Complications in Dermatologic Surgery</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mosby_(publisher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosby (publisher)">Mosby</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>18. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB978-0-323-04546-9.10001-9">10.1016/B978-0-323-04546-9.10001-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-323-04546-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-323-04546-9"><bdi>978-0-323-04546-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/811786617">811786617</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1+-+Anatomy+in+Dermatologic+Surgery&rft.btitle=Complications+in+Dermatologic+Surgery&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E18&rft.pub=Mosby&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F811786617&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB978-0-323-04546-9.10001-9&rft.isbn=978-0-323-04546-9&rft.aulast=Alam&rft.aufirst=Murad&rft.au=White%2C+Lucile+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F811786617&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatysma+muscle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>Books</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGray's_Anatomy2008" class="citation book cs1">Susan Standring; Neil R. Borley; et al., eds. (2008). <i>Gray's anatomy : the anatomical basis of clinical practice</i> (40th ed.). London: Churchill Livingstone. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8089-2371-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8089-2371-8"><bdi>978-0-8089-2371-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gray%27s+anatomy+%3A+the+anatomical+basis+of+clinical+practice&rft.place=London&rft.edition=40th&rft.pub=Churchill+Livingstone&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8089-2371-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlatysma+muscle" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Muscles_of_the_neck255" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Muscles_of_neck" title="Template:Muscles of neck"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Muscles_of_neck" title="Template talk:Muscles of neck"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Muscles_of_neck" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Muscles of neck"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Muscles_of_the_neck255" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Muscle" title="Muscle">Muscles</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Neck" title="Neck">neck</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cervical_muscles#Cervical" class="mw-redirect" title="Cervical muscles">Cervical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Platysma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sternocleidomastoid_muscle" title="Sternocleidomastoid muscle">Sternocleidomastoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longus_capitis_muscle" title="Longus capitis muscle">Longus capitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longus_colli_muscle" title="Longus colli muscle">Longus colli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalene_muscles" title="Scalene muscles">Scalene</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_scalene" class="mw-redirect" title="Anterior scalene">anterior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_scalene" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle scalene">middle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_scalene" class="mw-redirect" title="Posterior scalene">posterior</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectus_capitis_anterior_muscle" title="Rectus capitis anterior muscle">Rectus capitis anterior muscle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectus_capitis_lateralis_muscle" title="Rectus capitis lateralis muscle">Rectus capitis lateralis muscle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Suboccipital_muscles" title="Suboccipital muscles">Suboccipital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Rectus capitis posterior</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rectus_capitis_posterior_major_muscle" title="Rectus capitis posterior major muscle">major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectus_capitis_posterior_minor_muscle" title="Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle">minor</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Obliquus capitis</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Obliquus_capitis_inferior_muscle" title="Obliquus capitis inferior muscle">inferior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obliquus_capitis_superior_muscle" title="Obliquus capitis superior muscle">superior</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Suprahyoid_muscles" title="Suprahyoid muscles">Suprahyoid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mylohyoid_muscle" title="Mylohyoid muscle">Mylohyoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stylohyoid_muscle" title="Stylohyoid muscle">Stylohyoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digastric_muscle" title="Digastric muscle">Digastric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geniohyoid_muscle" title="Geniohyoid muscle">Geniohyoid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Infrahyoid_muscles" title="Infrahyoid muscles">Infrahyoid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thyrohyoid_muscle" title="Thyrohyoid muscle">Thyrohyoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sternohyoid_muscle" title="Sternohyoid muscle">Sternohyoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sternothyroid_muscle" title="Sternothyroid muscle">Sternothyroid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omohyoid_muscle" title="Omohyoid muscle">Omohyoid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_muscles" title="Pharyngeal muscles">Pharynx</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_constrictor" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharyngeal constrictor">Pharyngeal constrictor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superior_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle" title="Superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle">superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle" title="Middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle">middle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle" title="Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle">inferior</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stylopharyngeus_muscle" title="Stylopharyngeus muscle">Stylopharyngeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salpingopharyngeus_muscle" title="Salpingopharyngeus muscle">Salpingopharyngeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muscles_of_larynx" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscles of larynx">Larynx</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cricothyroid_muscle" title="Cricothyroid muscle">Cricothyroid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cricoarytenoid_muscle" title="Cricoarytenoid muscle">Cricoarytenoid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_cricoarytenoid_muscle" title="Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle">posterior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_cricoarytenoid_muscle" title="Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle">lateral</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arytenoid_muscle" title="Arytenoid muscle">Arytenoid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oblique_arytenoid" title="Oblique arytenoid">oblique arytenoid</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aryepiglottic_muscle" title="Aryepiglottic muscle">aryepiglottic</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arytenoid_muscle" title="Arytenoid muscle">transverse arytenoid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyroarytenoid_muscle" title="Thyroarytenoid muscle">Thyroarytenoid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocal muscle">vocal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyroepiglottic_muscle" title="Thyroepiglottic muscle">thyroepiglottic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trachea" title="Trachea">Trachea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trachealis_muscle" title="Trachealis muscle">Trachealis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascia" title="Fascia">Fasciae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deep_cervical_fascia" title="Deep cervical fascia">Deep cervical fascia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pretracheal_fascia" title="Pretracheal fascia">Pretracheal fascia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prevertebral_fascia" title="Prevertebral fascia">Prevertebral fascia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investing_layer_of_deep_cervical_fascia" title="Investing layer of deep cervical fascia">Investing layer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carotid_sheath" title="Carotid sheath">Carotid sheath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alar_fascia" title="Alar fascia">Alar fascia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palatine_aponeurosis" title="Palatine aponeurosis">Palatine aponeurosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buccopharyngeal_fascia" title="Buccopharyngeal fascia">Buccopharyngeal fascia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharyngobasilar_fascia" title="Pharyngobasilar fascia">Pharyngobasilar fascia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_raphe" title="Pharyngeal raphe">Pharyngeal raphe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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