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Irlanda - Wikipedia
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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Istorie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Istorie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Istorie subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Istorie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Preistoria_și_protoistoria_Irlandei" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preistoria_și_protoistoria_Irlandei"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Preistoria și protoistoria Irlandei</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preistoria_și_protoistoria_Irlandei-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Creștinarea_și_invaziile_vikingilor_și_normanzilor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creștinarea_și_invaziile_vikingilor_și_normanzilor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Creștinarea și invaziile vikingilor și normanzilor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creștinarea_și_invaziile_vikingilor_și_normanzilor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cucerirea_engleză" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cucerirea_engleză"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Cucerirea engleză</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cucerirea_engleză-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mișcarea_pentru_autonomie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mișcarea_pentru_autonomie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Mișcarea pentru autonomie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mișcarea_pentru_autonomie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revoluția_și_pașii_către_independență" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revoluția_și_pașii_către_independență"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Revoluția și pașii către independență</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revoluția_și_pașii_către_independență-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Războiul_Civil_Irlandez" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Războiul_Civil_Irlandez"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Războiul Civil Irlandez</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Războiul_Civil_Irlandez-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Constituția_din_1937" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constituția_din_1937"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Constituția din 1937</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constituția_din_1937-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Istoria_recentă" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istoria_recentă"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Istoria recentă</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istoria_recentă-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geografie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geografie subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Clima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Clima</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politică" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politică"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Politică</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politică-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politică subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politică-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrația_locală" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrația_locală"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Administrația locală</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrația_locală-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Justiția" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Justiția"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Justiția</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Justiția-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relațiile_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relațiile_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Relațiile externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relațiile_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Armata" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armata"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Armata</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armata-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economie subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dezvoltare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dezvoltare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Dezvoltare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dezvoltare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comerț_și_energie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comerț_și_energie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Comerț și energie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comerț_și_energie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transporturi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transporturi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Transporturi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transporturi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demografie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demografie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demografie subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Limbi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Limbi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Limbi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Limbi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sănătate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sănătate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Sănătate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sănătate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Educație" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Educație"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Educație</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Educație-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Religie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Cultura</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultura-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cultura subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muzică_și_dans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muzică_și_dans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Muzică și dans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muzică_și_dans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arhitectura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arhitectura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Arhitectura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arhitectura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mass-media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mass-media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Mass-media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mass-media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bucătăria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bucătăria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Bucătăria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bucătăria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sporturi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sporturi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Sporturi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sporturi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Societatea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Societatea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>Societatea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Societatea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Simbolurile_țării" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Simbolurile_țării"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.8</span> <span>Simbolurile țării</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Simbolurile_țării-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Patrimoniu_mondial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patrimoniu_mondial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.9</span> <span>Patrimoniu mondial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Patrimoniu_mondial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note_de_completare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note_de_completare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Note de completare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note_de_completare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vezi_și" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vezi_și"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Vezi și</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vezi_și-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Irlanda</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 270 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-270" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">270 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Ирландиа – abhază" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ирландиа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abhază" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlandia" title="Irlandia – aceh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Irlandia" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="aceh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Ирландие – adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Ирландие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republiek_Ierland" title="Republiek Ierland – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Republiek Ierland" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irland" title="Irland – germană (Elveția)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Irland" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="germană (Elveția)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%AD%E1%88%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5_%E1%88%AA%E1%8D%90%E1%89%A5%E1%88%8A%E1%8A%AD" title="አየርላንድ ሪፐብሊክ – amharică" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አየርላንድ ሪፐብሊክ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlanda" title="Irlanda – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irland_seo_Cynewise" title="Irland seo Cynewise – engleză veche" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Irland seo Cynewise" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="engleză veche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="جمهورية أيرلندا – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جمهورية أيرلندا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A9%DC%98%DC%9B%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%90%DC%9D%DC%AA%DC%A0%DC%A2%DC%95" title="ܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ ܕܐܝܪܠܢܕ – aramaică" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ ܕܐܝܪܠܢܕ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramaică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AF_%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="لجمهورية د إرلاندا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لجمهورية د إرلاندا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="جمهورية ايرلاندا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جمهورية ايرلاندا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_d%27Irlanda" title="República d'Irlanda – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="República d'Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ирландия – avară" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Ирландия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eirea" title="Eirea – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Eirea" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="आयरलैंड गणराज्य – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="आयरलैंड गणराज्य" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlandiya" title="Irlandiya – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Irlandiya" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0rlandiya" title="İrlandiya – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İrlandiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="ایرلند – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایرلند" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ирландия – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ирландия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlandia" title="Irlandia – balineză" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Irlandia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irland" title="Irland – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Irland" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Airėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Airėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlandya" title="Irlandya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Irlandya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Ірландыя – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ірландыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Ірляндыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ірляндыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlan" title="Irlan – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Irlan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ирландия – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ирландия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="आयरलैंड रिपब्लिक – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="आयरलैंड रिपब्लिक" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerlan" title="Aerlan – bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Aerlan" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9C%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="အုဲင်ယာလန်ခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အုဲင်ယာလန်ခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="প্রজাতন্ত্রী আয়ারল্যান্ড – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রজাতন্ত্রী আয়ারল্যান্ড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8C%E0%BC%8D" title="ཨར་ལེན་ཌ། – tibetană" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨར་ལེན་ཌ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="আয়ারল্যান্ড – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="আয়ারল্যান্ড" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Iwerzhon" title="Republik Iwerzhon – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Republik Iwerzhon" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irska" title="Irska – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Irska" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%95%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%91%E1%A8%92%E1%A8%8A%E1%A8%89%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%95" title="ᨕᨗᨑᨒᨊᨉᨗᨕ – bugineză" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨕᨗᨑᨒᨊᨉᨗᨕ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="bugineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Ирланд – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Ирланд" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlanda" title="Irlanda – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlanda" title="Irlanda – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81i-%C4%AB-l%C3%A0ng" title="Ái-ī-làng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ái-ī-làng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Ирланди – cecenă" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ирланди" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="cecenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irland" title="Irland – cebuană" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Irland" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlanda" title="Irlanda – chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%B2%E1%8E%B3%E1%8F%82" title="ᎠᏲᎳᏂ – cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏲᎳᏂ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland_(Republic)" title="Ireland (Republic) – cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Ireland (Republic)" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF" title="کۆماری ئیرلەند – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆماری ئیرلەند" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlanda" title="Irlanda – corsicană" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corsicană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0rlandiya" title="İrlandiya – turcă crimeeană" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İrlandiya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="turcă crimeeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irsko" title="Irsko – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Irsko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlandi%C3%B4" title="Irlandiô – cașubiană" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Irlandiô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="cașubiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Єирь – slavonă" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Єирь" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="slavonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Ирланди Республики – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ирланди Республики" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gweriniaeth_Iwerddon" title="Gweriniaeth Iwerddon – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gweriniaeth Iwerddon" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irland" title="Irland – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Irland" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Ireland" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irland" title="Irland – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Irland" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumhuriyet%C3%AA_%C4%B0rlanda" title="Cumhuriyetê İrlanda – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Cumhuriyetê İrlanda" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irska" title="Irska – sorabă de jos" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Irska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="sorabă de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="गणतन्त्र आयरल्यान्ड – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="गणतन्त्र आयरल्यान्ड" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%94%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%AD%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%91%DE%AA%DE%8E%DE%AC_%DE%96%DE%AA%DE%89%DE%B0%DE%80%DE%AB%DE%83%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%B0%DE%94%DE%A7" title="އަޔަލޭންޑުގެ ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އަޔަލޭންޑުގެ ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%8C" title="ཨའིརི་ལེནཌ – dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཨའིརི་ལེནཌ" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland – ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Ireland" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%99%CF%81%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Δημοκρατία της Ιρλανδίας – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δημοκρατία της Ιρλανδίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irl%C3%A0nda" title="Irlànda – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Irlànda" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="articol recomandat"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Republic of Ireland" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlando" title="Irlando – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Irlando" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlanda" title="Irlanda – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iirimaa" title="Iirimaa – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Iirimaa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlanda_(estatua)" title="Irlanda (estatua) – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Irlanda (estatua)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlanda" title="Irlanda – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="جمهوری ایرلند – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جمهوری ایرلند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlannda" title="Irlannda – fulah" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Irlannda" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fulah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlanti" title="Irlanti – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Irlanti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iirimaa" title="Iirimaa – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Iirimaa" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ailadi" title="Ailadi – fijiană" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Ailadi" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fijiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Drland_(land)" title="Írland (land) – feroeză" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Írland (land)" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlande_(pays)" title="Irlande (pays) – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Irlande (pays)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlanda_(payis)" title="Irlanda (payis) – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Irlanda (payis)" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republiik_Irlun/%C3%B6%C3%B6" title="Republiik Irlun/öö – frizonă nordică" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Republiik Irlun/öö" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frizonă nordică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlande" title="Irlande – friulană" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Irlande" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ierl%C3%A2n" title="Ierlân – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ierlân" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ire_(Poblacht_na_h%C3%89ireann)" title="Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann) – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0rlandiya" title="İrlandiya – găgăuză" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="İrlandiya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="găgăuză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD" title="愛爾蘭 – chineză gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="愛爾蘭" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="chineză gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlann_(p%C3%A9yi)" title="Irlann (péyi) – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Irlann (péyi)" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poblachd_na_h-%C3%88ireann" title="Poblachd na h-Èireann – gaelică scoțiană" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Poblachd na h-Èireann" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelică scoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlanda" title="Irlanda – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iril%C3%A1nda" title="Irilánda – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Irilánda" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="आयर्लंड – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="आयर्लंड" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B3" title="𐌴𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳 – gotică" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌴𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gotică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobblaght_Nerin" title="Pobblaght Nerin – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Pobblaght Nerin" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayilan_(%C6%99asa)" title="Ayilan (ƙasa) – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ayilan (ƙasa)" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland – chineză hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ireland" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="chineză hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilelani" title="Ilelani – hawaiiană" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Ilelani" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93" title="אירלנד – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אירלנד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="आयरलैण्ड गणराज्य – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आयरलैण्ड गणराज्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Republic of Ireland" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irska" title="Irska – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Irska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irska" title="Irska – sorabă de sus" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Irska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="sorabă de sus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iland_(peyi)" title="Iland (peyi) – haitiană" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Iland (peyi)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Drorsz%C3%A1g" title="Írország – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Írország" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%BC%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Իռլանդիա – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իռլանդիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D6%80%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Իրլանտայի Հանրապետութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Իրլանտայի Հանրապետութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_de_Irlanda" title="Republica de Irlanda – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Republica de Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Ireland" title="Republik Ireland – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Republik Ireland" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Irlandia" title="Republik Irlandia – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Republik Irlandia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irland" title="Irland – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Irland" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ireland" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_ti_Irlanda" title="Republika ti Irlanda – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Republika ti Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republiko_Irlando" title="Republiko Irlando – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Republiko Irlando" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Drska_l%C3%BD%C3%B0veldi%C3%B0" title="Írska lýðveldið – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Írska lýðveldið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlanda" title="Irlanda – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89" title="アイルランド – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アイルランド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripoblik_a_Airilan" title="Ripoblik a Airilan – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ripoblik a Airilan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/airland" title="airland – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="airland" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publik_Irlan" title="Républik Irlan – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Républik Irlan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ირლანდია – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ირლანდია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlandiya" title="Irlandiya – karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Irlandiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irland_(Tamurt)" title="Irland (Tamurt) – kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Irland (Tamurt)" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Ирлэнд – kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Ирлэнд" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C9%A9land%C9%A9" title="Irɩlandɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Irɩlandɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ri%CC%B1pobi%CC%B1lik_Ayiri%CC%B1lan" title="Ri̱pobi̱lik Ayiri̱lan – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Ri̱pobi̱lik Ayiri̱lan" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlandia" title="Irlandia – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Irlandia" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ирландия – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ирландия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B" title="អៀរឡង់ – khmeră" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អៀរឡង់" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%90%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF" title="ಐರ್ಲೆಂಡ್ ಗಣರಾಜ್ಯ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಐರ್ಲೆಂಡ್ ಗಣರಾಜ್ಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%BC%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C" title="아일랜드 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아일랜드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Ирму – komi-permiak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Ирму" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permiak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ирландия – karaceai-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Ирландия" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karaceai-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irland" title="Irland – kölsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Irland" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kölsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komara_%C3%8Erlenday%C3%AA" title="Komara Îrlendayê – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Komara Îrlendayê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ирландия – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Ирландия" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repoblek_Wordhen" title="Repoblek Wordhen – cornică" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Repoblek Wordhen" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ирландия – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ирландия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibernia_(res_publica)" title="Hibernia (res publica) – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hibernia (res publica)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlanda" title="Irlanda – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irland" title="Irland – luxemburgheză" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Irland" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ирландия – lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Ирландия" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ierland" title="Ierland – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ierland" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irl%C3%A0nda" title="Irlànda – liguriană" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Irlànda" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlanda" title="Irlanda – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlanda" title="Irlanda – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irland%C3%AD" title="Irlandí – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Irlandí" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%A3%E0%BB%8C%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%8C" title="ປະເທດໄອຣ໌ແລນດ໌ – laoțiană" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດໄອຣ໌ແລນດ໌" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airija" title="Airija – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Airija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eireja" title="Eireja – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Eireja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%AArija" title="Īrija – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Īrija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Irlandia" title="Republik Irlandia – madureză" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Republik Irlandia" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madureză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlandia" title="Irlandia – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Irlandia" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Ирландмастор – moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Ирландмастор" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlanda" title="Irlanda – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ирландий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Ирландий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airangi" title="Airangi – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Airangi" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Irlandia" title="Republik Irlandia – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Republik Irlandia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ирска – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ирска" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="റിപ്പബ്ലിക്ക് ഓഫ് അയർലണ്ട് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റിപ്പബ്ലിക്ക് ഓഫ് അയർലണ്ട്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Ирланд – mongolă" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ирланд" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95" title="आयर्लंडचे प्रजासत्ताक – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आयर्लंडचे प्रजासत्ताक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Ирланди – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Ирланди" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Ireland" title="Republik Ireland – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Republik Ireland" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubblika_tal-Irlanda" title="Repubblika tal-Irlanda – malteză" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Repubblika tal-Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malteză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eirlanda" title="Eirlanda – mirandeză" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Eirlanda" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9C%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="အိုင်ယာလန်နိုင်ငံ – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အိုင်ယာလန်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Ирландия Мастор – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Ирландия Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ایرلند جمهوری – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ایرلند جمهوری" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irland" title="Irland – germana de jos" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Irland" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="germana de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ierlaand_(laand)" title="Ierlaand (laand) – saxona de jos" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Ierlaand (laand)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="saxona de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="गणतन्त्र आयरल्यान्ड – nepaleză" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="गणतन्त्र आयरल्यान्ड" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6" title="गणतन्त्र आयरल्यान्द – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="गणतन्त्र आयरल्यान्द" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ierland_(land)" title="Ierland (land) – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ierland (land)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republikken_Irland" title="Republikken Irland – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Republikken Irland" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irland" title="Irland – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Irland" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republike_de_Irlande" title="Republike de Irlande – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Republike de Irlande" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publyique_d%27Irlande" title="Républyique d'Irlande – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Républyique d'Irlande" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland – sotho de nord" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Ireland" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho de nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitsiigha%CA%BC_%C5%81ich%C3%AD%C3%AD%CA%BC%C3%AD_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Bitsiighaʼ Łichííʼí Bikéyah – navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Bitsiighaʼ Łichííʼí Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_d%27Irlanda" title="Republica d'Irlanda – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Republica d'Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlandii" title="Irlandii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Irlandii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aayerlaandi" title="Aayerlaandi – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Aayerlaandi" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%86%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A1" title="ଆୟରଲ୍ୟାଣ୍ଡ – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଆୟରଲ୍ୟାଣ୍ଡ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Ирланди – osetă" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ирланди" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1_%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਆਇਰਲੈਂਡ ਗਣਰਾਜ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਇਰਲੈਂਡ ਗਣਰਾਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlanda" title="Irlanda – pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlanda" title="Irlanda – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlanda" title="Irlanda – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlinde_(pa%C3%AFs)" title="Irlinde (païs) – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Irlinde (païs)" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irland" title="Irland – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Irland" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airiland" title="Airiland – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Airiland" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlandia" title="Irlandia – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Irlandia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlanda" title="Irlanda – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%A2%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88" title="لوکراج آئرلینڈ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لوکراج آئرلینڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%81%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ιρλανδία – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Ιρλανδία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89" title="آيرلينډ – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="آيرلينډ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlanda" title="Irlanda – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irihallp%27a" title="Irihallp'a – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Irihallp'a" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_da_l%27Irlanda" title="Republica da l'Irlanda – romanșă" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Republica da l'Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romanșă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_Irland" title="Republika Irland – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Republika Irland" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlanda" title="Irlanda – kirundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="kirundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlanda" title="Irlanda – aromână" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromână" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlanne" title="Irlanne – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Irlanne" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ирландия – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ирландия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Ірьско – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ірьско" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irilande" title="Irilande – kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Irilande" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="ऐर्लेण्ड् गणराज्यम् – sanscrită" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="ऐर्लेण्ड् गणराज्यम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrită" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Ирландия Республиката – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ирландия Республиката" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%B0_%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9C_%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%9B" title="ᱟᱭᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱯᱱᱟᱹᱛ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱟᱭᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱯᱱᱟᱹᱛ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%B9brica_de_s%27Irlanda" title="Repùbrica de s'Irlanda – sardiniană" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Repùbrica de s'Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardiniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlanda" title="Irlanda – siciliană" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_o_Ireland" title="Republic o Ireland – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Republic o Ireland" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%DA%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A2%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%8A" title="جمھوريا آئرلينڊ – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جمھوريا آئرلينڊ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irl%C3%A1nda" title="Irlánda – sami de nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Irlánda" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami de nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irska" title="Irska – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Irska" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A2%E1%81%A2%E1%82%86%E1%82%87%E1%80%9A%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%9C%E1%82%85%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းဢၢႆႇယႃႇလႅၼ်ႇ – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းဢၢႆႇယႃႇလႅၼ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%BA" title="අයර්ලන්ත ජනරජය – singhaleză" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අයර්ලන්ත ජනරජය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Republic of Ireland" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Drsko" title="Írsko – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Írsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81_%D8%A2%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88" title="جمہوریہ آئرلینڈ – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="جمہوریہ آئرلینڈ" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irska" title="Irska – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Irska" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripapelika_o_Aialani" title="Ripapelika o Aialani – samoană" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Ripapelika o Aialani" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irland" title="Irland – sami inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Irland" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="sami inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerelendi" title="Yerelendi – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Yerelendi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayrland" title="Ayrland – somaleză" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ayrland" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_e_Irland%C3%ABs" title="Republika e Irlandës – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Republika e Irlandës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%98%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Република Ирска – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Република Ирска" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irikondre" title="Irikondre – sranan tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Irikondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sranan tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IYalendi" title="IYalendi – swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IYalendi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlound" title="Irlound – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Irlound" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irland" title="Irland – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Irland" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eire" title="Eire – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Eire" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlandyjo" title="Irlandyjo – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Irlandyjo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="அயர்லாந்து குடியரசு – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அயர்லாந்து குடியரசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Ireland" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%90%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="ఐర్లాండ్ గణతణత్రం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఐర్లాండ్ గణతణత్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlanda" title="Irlanda – tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D1%83%D0%BC%D2%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Ҷумҳурии Ирланд – tadjică" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷумҳурии Ирланд" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="ประเทศไอร์แลนด์ – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศไอร์แลนด์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlandi%C3%BDa" title="Irlandiýa – turkmenă" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Irlandiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_ng_Irlanda" title="Republika ng Irlanda – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Republika ng Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlandij%C9%99" title="Irlandijə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Irlandijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBAealani" title="ʻAealani – tongană" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="ʻAealani" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripablik_bilong_Aialan" title="Ripablik bilong Aialan – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Ripablik bilong Aialan" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0rlanda" title="İrlanda – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İrlanda" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Ireland" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ирландия – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ирландия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ирландия – udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Ирландия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Ірландія – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ірландія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81_%D8%A2%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88" title="جمہوریہ آئرلینڈ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جمہوریہ آئرلینڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlandiya" title="Irlandiya – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Irlandiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland – venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Ireland" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="venda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlanda" title="Irlanda – venetă" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlandii" title="Irlandii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Irlandii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%99ng_h%C3%B2a_Ireland" title="Cộng hòa Ireland – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cộng hòa Ireland" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republiek_Ierland" title="Republiek Ierland – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Republiek Ierland" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lirey%C3%A4n" title="Lireyän – volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lireyän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlande" title="Irlande – valonă" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Irlande" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_han_Irlanda" title="Republika han Irlanda – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Republika han Irlanda" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irlaand" title="Irlaand – wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Irlaand" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0" title="爱尔兰 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="爱尔兰" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Ирландин Орн – calmucă" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Ирландин Орн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="calmucă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ირლანდიაშ რესპუბლიკა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ირლანდიაშ რესპუბლიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93" title="אירלאנד – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אירלאנד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dr%E1%BA%B9%CC%81l%C3%A1nd%C3%AC" title="Írẹ́lándì – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Írẹ́lándì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiwjlanz_Gunghozgoz" title="Aiwjlanz Gunghozgoz – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Aiwjlanz Gunghozgoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ierland_(land)" title="Ierland (land) – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Ierland (land)" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0" title="爱尔兰 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="爱尔兰" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD" title="愛爾蘭 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="愛爾蘭" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80i-n%C3%AD-l%C3%A2n" title="Ài-ní-lân – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ài-ní-lân" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="愛爾蘭共和國 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="愛爾蘭共和國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Ayilendi" title="I-Ayilendi – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="I-Ayilendi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q27#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Irlanda" title="Vedeți 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href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=history" title="Versiunile anterioare ale paginii și autorii lor. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Unelte</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acțiuni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Irlanda"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=history"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Ce_se_leag%C4%83_aici/Irlanda" title="Lista tuturor paginilor wiki care conduc spre această pagină [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ce trimite aici</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Modific%C4%83ri_corelate/Irlanda" rel="nofollow" title="Schimbări recente în legătură cu această pagină [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Schimbări corelate</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Trimite_fi%C8%99ier" title="Încărcare fișiere [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Trimite fișier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Pagini_speciale" title="Lista tuturor paginilor speciale [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagini speciale</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&oldid=16664784" title="Legătură permanentă către această versiune a acestei pagini"><span>Legătură permanentă</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=info" title="Mai multe informații despre această pagină"><span>Informații despre pagină</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citeaz%C4%83&page=Irlanda&id=16664784&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informații cu privire la modul de citare a acestei pagini"><span>Citează acest articol</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIrlanda"><span>Obține URL scurtat</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIrlanda"><span>Descărcați codul QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tipărire/exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Irlanda"><span>Creare carte</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Irlanda&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descărcare ca PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiune de tipărit</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland_/_Poblacht_na_h%C3%89ireann" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Republica_Irlanda" hreflang="ro"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q27" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-featured" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span style="white-space: nowrap"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articole_bune" title="Acesta este un articol bun. Apăsați aici pentru mai multe informații."><img alt="Acesta este un articol bun. Apăsați aici pentru mai multe informații." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/20px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/30px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/40px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><div role="note" class="dezambiguizare">Pentru alte sensuri, vedeți <a href="/wiki/Irlanda_(dezambiguizare)" class="mw-disambig" title="Irlanda (dezambiguizare)">Irlanda (dezambiguizare)</a>.</div> <table class="infocaseta"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="antet harta" style="background-color:#ccd2d9;color:#000000;">Irlanda</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background: linear-gradient( to right, rgba(204, 210, 217, 1), rgba(204, 210, 217, 1), rgba(204, 210, 217, 1), rgba(156, 163, 170, 1)) repeat-y right; font-size: 130%; line-height: 1.2em; padding-top: 0;"><span class="fn org country-name"><span lang="en" style="font-style:italic">Ireland</span> (<a href="/wiki/Limba_englez%C4%83" title="Limba engleză">engleză</a>)<br /><span lang="ga" style="font-style:italic">Éire</span> (<a href="/wiki/Limba_irlandez%C4%83" title="Limba irlandeză">irlandeză</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><table align="center" style="width:100%; background:none;"><tbody><tr><td width="58%"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Ireland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapelul Irlandei"><img alt="Drapelul Irlandei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/125px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/188px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/250px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Coat_of_arms_of_Ireland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stema Irlandei"><img alt="Stema Irlandei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Coat_of_arms_of_Ireland.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Coat_of_arms_of_Ireland.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Coat_of_arms_of_Ireland.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="830" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><small><a href="/wiki/Drapelul_Irlandei" title="Drapelul Irlandei">Drapelul Irlandei</a></small></td><td align="center"><small><a href="/wiki/Stema_Irlandei" title="Stema Irlandei">Stema Irlandei</a></small></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b><a href="/wiki/Deviz%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Deviză">Deviză</a>: </b>Jump into Ireland <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27#P1546" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><div style="margin:auto;text-align:center"><div style="margin-bottom:20"><b><a href="/wiki/Imn" title="Imn">Imn</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Amhr%C3%A1n_na_bhFiann" title="Amhrán na bhFiann">Amhrán na bhFiann</a></div><br /><div style="margin:auto"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="60" data-mwtitle="United_States_Navy_Band_-_Amhrán_na_bhFiann.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7c/United_States_Navy_Band_-_Amhr%C3%A1n_na_bhFiann.ogg/United_States_Navy_Band_-_Amhr%C3%A1n_na_bhFiann.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/United_States_Navy_Band_-_Amhr%C3%A1n_na_bhFiann.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Amhr%C3%A1n_na_bhFiann.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English (en)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Amhr%C3%A1n_na_bhFiann.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español (es)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Amhr%C3%A1n_na_bhFiann.ogg&lang=eu&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="eu" label="euskara (eu)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Amhr%C3%A1n_na_bhFiann.ogg&lang=ga&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ga" label="Gaeilge (ga)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Amhr%C3%A1n_na_bhFiann.ogg&lang=gl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="gl" label="galego (gl)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Amhr%C3%A1n_na_bhFiann.ogg&lang=hu&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="hu" label="magyar (hu)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Amhr%C3%A1n_na_bhFiann.ogg&lang=id&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia (id)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Amhr%C3%A1n_na_bhFiann.ogg&lang=ko&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ko" label="한국어 (ko)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Amhr%C3%A1n_na_bhFiann.ogg&lang=ms&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ms" label="Bahasa Melayu (ms)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Amhr%C3%A1n_na_bhFiann.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português (pt)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Amhr%C3%A1n_na_bhFiann.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt (vi)" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><table><tbody><tr><td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:EU-Ireland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amplasarea Irlandei în cadrul Europei (verde închis)"><img alt="Amplasarea Irlandei în cadrul Europei (verde închis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/EU-Ireland.svg/290px-EU-Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/EU-Ireland.svg/435px-EU-Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/EU-Ireland.svg/580px-EU-Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720" /></a><figcaption>Amplasarea Irlandei în cadrul <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europei</a> (verde închis)</figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td><div style="position:relative;top:0.3em"><small>Amplasarea Irlandei în cadrul <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europei</a> (verde închis)</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><table><tbody><tr><td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Ei-map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Ei-map.svg/langro-290px-Ei-map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="336" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Ei-map.svg/langro-435px-Ei-map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Ei-map.svg/langro-580px-Ei-map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="652" data-file-height="756" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td><div style="position:relative;top:0.3em"><small></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccd2d9;color:#000000;">Geografie</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Suprafață</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"> </td></tr><tr><th style=";font-weight: normal;"> - totală</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">70,273 km² (<a href="/wiki/Lista_%C8%9B%C4%83rilor_dup%C4%83_suprafa%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Lista țărilor după suprafață">locul 117</a>)</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Ap%C4%83" title="Apă">Apă</a> (<a href="/wiki/Procentaj" class="mw-redirect" title="Procentaj">%</a>)</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">2,00%</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Cel mai înalt punct</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Carrauntoohil" title="Carrauntoohil">Carrauntoohil</a> (1.038,6 m) <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27#P610" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Cel mai jos punct</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7056767" class="extiw" title="d:Q7056767"><span lang="ga">An Slaba Thuaidh</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="ga">An Slaba Thuaidh</span> (reclaimed land in County Wexford, Ireland)|​]]</span> (−3 m) <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27#P1589" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Cel mai mare oraș</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Vecini</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Regatul_Unit_al_Marii_Britanii_%C8%99i_al_Irlandei_de_Nord" title="Regatul Unit al Marii Britanii și al Irlandei de Nord">Regatul Unit</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Irlanda_de_Nord" title="Irlanda de Nord">Irlanda de Nord</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27#P47" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Fus_orar" title="Fus orar">Fus orar</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Or%C4%83_de_var%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Oră de vară">Ora de vară</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccd2d9;color:#000000;">Populație</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Densitate</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">65,6 loc/km²</td></tr><tr><th style=";"> - Estimare 2022</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">5.149.139</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Limbi oficiale</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Limba_irlandez%C4%83" title="Limba irlandeză">Irlandeza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limba_englez%C4%83" title="Limba engleză">Engleza</a><sup id="cite_ref-lang_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lang-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Etnonim</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">irlandezi <small>(pl.)</small><br />irlandez <small>(masc.)</small><br />irlandeză <small>(fem.)</small> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27#P1549" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccd2d9;color:#000000;">Guvernare</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Sistem politic</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Republic%C4%83_parlamentar%C4%83" title="Republică parlamentară">Republică parlamentară</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre%C8%99edinte_al_Irlandei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Președinte al Irlandei — pagină inexistentă">Președinte</a><sup><small>(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213702" class="extiw" title="d:Q213702"><span title="președinte al Irlandei la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins">Michael D. Higgins</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27#P35" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Taoiseach</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Leo_Varadkar" title="Leo Varadkar">Leo Varadkar</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27#P6" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Legislativ</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" class="mw-redirect" title="Oireachtas">Oireachtas</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Camera superioară</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann">Seanad</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Camera inferioară</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Capitala</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccd2d9;color:#000000;">Istorie</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b>Independență</b> față de <a href="/wiki/Regatul_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Regatul Unit">Regatul Unit</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccd2d9;color:#000000;">Economie</th></tr><tr><th style=";"><b><a href="/wiki/Produs_intern_brut" class="mw-redirect" title="Produs intern brut">PIB</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Paritatea_puterii_de_cump%C4%83rare" title="Paritatea puterii de cumpărare">PPC</a>)</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">2016</td></tr><tr><th style=";"> - Total</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">$272,867 miliarde<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style=";"> - Pe cap de locuitor</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">$58,373<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Lista_%C8%9B%C4%83rilor_%C3%AEn_func%C8%9Bie_de_PIB_(PPC)" title="Lista țărilor în funcție de PIB (PPC)">locul 11</a>)</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><b><a href="/wiki/Produs_intern_brut" class="mw-redirect" title="Produs intern brut">PIB</a></b> (nominal)</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">2016</td></tr><tr><th style=";"> - Total</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">$254.596 miliarde<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Lista_%C8%9B%C4%83rilor_%C3%AEn_func%C8%9Bie_de_PIB_(nominal)" title="Lista țărilor în funcție de PIB (nominal)">locul 42</a>)</td></tr><tr><th style=";"> - Pe cap de locuitor</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"> (<a href="/wiki/Lista_%C8%9B%C4%83rilor_%C3%AEn_func%C8%9Bie_de_PIB_(nominal)" title="Lista țărilor în funcție de PIB (nominal)">locul 14</a>)$54,464<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Coeficientul_lui_Gini" title="Coeficientul lui Gini">Gini</a> (2014)</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">30.0<sup id="cite_ref-eurogini_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eurogini-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span style="color: orange">mediu</span>)</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Indicele_dezvolt%C4%83rii_umane" title="Indicele dezvoltării umane">IDU</a> (2015)</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">0.916 <sup id="cite_ref-HDI_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDI-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span style="color: green">foarte mare</span>) (<a href="/wiki/Lista_%C8%9B%C4%83rilor_dup%C4%83_indicele_dezvolt%C4%83rii_umane" title="Lista țărilor după indicele dezvoltării umane">locul 6</a>)</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Valut%C4%83" title="Valută">Monedă</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> (<code><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">EUR</a></code>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccd2d9;color:#000000;">Coduri și identificatori</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Cod <a href="/wiki/Comitetul_Olimpic_Interna%C8%9Bional" title="Comitetul Olimpic Internațional">CIO</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">IRL <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27#P984" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Cod mobil</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">272 <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27#P2258" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Prefix telefonic</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">353</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2" title="ISO 3166-2">ISO 3166-2</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">IE <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27#P297" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Domeniu_na%C8%9Bional_de_nivel_superior" title="Domeniu național de nivel superior">Domeniu Internet</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/.ie" title=".ie">.ie</a>, <a href="/wiki/.eu" title=".eu">.eu</a><sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><div style="font-size:smaller;text-align:left"><sup>1</sup> Codul .eu aparține <a href="/wiki/Uniunea_European%C4%83" title="Uniunea Europeană">Uniunii Europene</a>, din care Irlanda face parte</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccd2d9;color:#000000;">Prezență online</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.ie/">site web oficial</a><br /><a class="external text" href="https://hashtags-hub.toolforge.org/RepublicofIreland">hasthtag</a></td></tr><tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px ##ccd2d9 solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color:var(--color-base, #000); text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;">Modifică <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27" class="extiw" title="d:Q27">date</a> / <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=0">text</a></span> <span title="Consultați documentația formatului"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Infocaseta_%C8%9Aar%C4%83" title="Consultați documentația formatului"><img alt="Consultați documentația formatului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16573438">.mw-parser-output .infocaseta{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#000)}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style> <p><b>Irlanda</b> (în <a href="/wiki/Limba_englez%C4%83" title="Limba engleză">engleză</a> <span lang="en" style="font-style:italic">Ireland</span>, în <a href="/wiki/Limba_irlandez%C4%83" title="Limba irlandeză">irlandeză</a> <i>Éire</i>, <small></small><span title="Pronunție în AFI" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pronun%C8%9Bie" title="Wikipedia:Pronunție">/ˈeːɾʲə/</a></span><small>  <span style="white-space:nowrap;">(<span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/13px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/20px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/26px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Eire_pronunciation.ogg" class="internal" title="Eire pronunciation.ogg">audio</a>)</span></small>), denumită și <b>Republica Irlanda</b> (în <a href="/wiki/Limba_englez%C4%83" title="Limba engleză">engleză</a> <span lang="en" style="font-style:italic">Republic of Ireland</span>, în <a href="/wiki/Limba_irlandez%C4%83" title="Limba irlandeză">irlandeză</a> <i>Poblacht na hÉireann</i>), este un stat suveran aflat în <a href="/wiki/Europa_de_Vest" title="Europa de Vest">Europa de Vest</a>, ocupând circa cinci șesimi din <a href="/wiki/Insula_Irlanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Insula Irlanda">insula Irlanda</a>. Capitala și cel mai mare oraș al țării este <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, aflat în estul insulei, a cărei arie metropolitană găzduiește aproximativ un sfert din cei 4,6 milioane de locuitori ai țării. Țara are frontieră terestră numai cu <a href="/wiki/Irlanda_de_Nord" title="Irlanda de Nord">Irlanda de Nord</a>, țară componentă a <a href="/wiki/Regatul_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Regatul Unit">Regatului Unit</a>, restul limitelor țării fiind țărmul <a href="/wiki/Oceanul_Atlantic" title="Oceanul Atlantic">Oceanului Atlantic</a>, la sud aflându-se <a href="/wiki/Marea_Celtic%C4%83" title="Marea Celtică">Marea Celtică</a>, la sud-est <a href="/wiki/Canalul_Sf%C3%A2ntul_Gheorghe" title="Canalul Sfântul Gheorghe">Canalul Sfântul Gheorghe</a>, și la est <a href="/wiki/Marea_Irlandei" class="mw-redirect" title="Marea Irlandei">Marea Irlandei</a>. Statul este guvernat ca <a href="/wiki/Republic%C4%83_parlamentar%C4%83" title="Republică parlamentară">republică parlamentară</a> <a href="/wiki/Stat_unitar" title="Stat unitar">unitară</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> șeful statului fiind un președinte ales direct. Șeful guvernului, <a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Taoiseach</a>, este numit în funcție de camera inferioară a parlamentului, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil Éireann</a>. </p><p>După <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_Irlandez_de_Independen%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Războiul Irlandez de Independență">Războiul Irlandez de Independență</a>, urmat de <a href="/wiki/Tratatul_anglo-irlandez" title="Tratatul anglo-irlandez">tratatul anglo-irlandez</a>, Irlanda a obținut independența față de Regatul Unit sub numele de <a href="/wiki/Statul_Liber_Irlandez" title="Statul Liber Irlandez">Statul Liber Irlandez</a> în 1922. Irlanda de Nord și-a exercitat opțiunea de a rămâne în cadrul Regatului Unit, prin ceea ce s-a numit <a href="/wiki/Divizarea_Irlandei" title="Divizarea Irlandei">Ulster Month</a>. La început <a href="/wiki/Dominion" title="Dominion">dominion</a> în cadrul <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth">Commonwealth</a>-ului, Statul Liber a obținut recunoașterea oficială a deplinei independențe legislative din partea guvernului britanic prin <a href="/wiki/Statutul_de_la_Westminster,_1931" title="Statutul de la Westminster, 1931">statutul de la Westminster din 1931</a>. O <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitu%C8%9Bia_Irlandei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constituția Irlandei — pagină inexistentă">nouă constituție</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Ireland" class="extiw" title="en:Constitution of Ireland"><span title="„Constitution of Ireland” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Constitution+of+Ireland&targettitle=Constitu%C8%9Bia+Irlandei">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> a fost adoptată în 1937, prin care numele statului a devenit <i>Irlanda</i>. În 1949, restul îndatoririlor regelui — definite prin <a href="/wiki/Legea_Autorit%C4%83%C8%9Bii_Executive_%C3%AEn_Rela%C8%9Biile_Externe_din_1936" title="Legea Autorității Executive în Relațiile Externe din 1936">Legea Autorității Executive în Relațiile Externe din 1936</a> — au fost înlăturate, iar Irlanda s-a declarat republică conform <a href="/w/index.php?title=Legea_Republicii_Irlanda_din_1948&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legea Republicii Irlanda din 1948 — pagină inexistentă">Legea Republicii Irlanda din 1948</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland_Act_1948" class="extiw" title="en:Republic of Ireland Act 1948"><span title="„Republic of Ireland Act 1948” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Republic+of+Ireland+Act+1948&targettitle=Legea+Republicii+Irlanda+din+1948">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>. Statul nu a avut relații formale cu Irlanda de Nord de-a lungul a mare parte din secolul al XX-lea, dar din 1999 cele două au cooperat pe mai multe domenii în cadrul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Consiliul_Ministerial_Nord-Sud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Consiliul Ministerial Nord-Sud — pagină inexistentă">Consiliului Ministerial Nord-Sud</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-South_Ministerial_Council" class="extiw" title="en:North-South Ministerial Council"><span title="„North-South Ministerial Council” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=North-South+Ministerial+Council&targettitle=Consiliul+Ministerial+Nord-Sud">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> înființat prin <a href="/wiki/Acordul_de_la_Belfast" title="Acordul de la Belfast">Acordul din Vinerea Mare</a>. </p><p>Irlanda este printre cele mai bogate țări din lume după PIB-ul pe cap de locuitor.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> După ce a aderat la predecesoarea Uniunii Europene, denumită <a href="/wiki/Comunitatea_Economic%C4%83_European%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Comunitatea Economică Europeană">Comunitatea Economică Europeană</a>, în 1973, Irlanda a pus în aplicare <a href="/wiki/Liberalism_economic" title="Liberalism economic">politici economice liberale</a> care au dus la o creștere economică rapidă, ajungând la un nivel considerabil de prosperitate între 1995 și 2007, timp în care a fost denumită <a href="/wiki/Tigrul_Celtic" title="Tigrul Celtic">„Tigrul Celtic”</a>. Creșterea a fost oprită de o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Criza_financiar%C4%83_din_2008%E2%80%932014_%C3%AEn_Irlanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Criza financiară din 2008–2014 în Irlanda — pagină inexistentă">criză financiară</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%E2%80%9314_Irish_financial_crisis" class="extiw" title="en:2008–14 Irish financial crisis"><span title="„2008–14 Irish financial crisis” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=2008%E2%80%9314+Irish+financial+crisis&targettitle=Criza+financiar%C4%83+din+2008%E2%80%932014+%C3%AEn+Irlanda">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> izbucnită în 2008, în conjuncție cu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Criza_financiar%C4%83_din_2007-2008&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Criza financiară din 2007-2008 — pagină inexistentă">recesiunea economică globală</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308" class="extiw" title="en:Financial crisis of 2007–08"><span title="„Financial crisis of 2007–08” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Financial+crisis+of+2007%E2%80%9308&targettitle=Criza+financiar%C4%83+din+2007-2008">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-workforall_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-workforall-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>În 2011 și în 2013, Irlanda s-a clasat pe locul al șaptelea în lume ca grad de dezvoltare în clasamentul <a href="/wiki/Indicele_Dezvolt%C4%83rii_Umane" class="mw-redirect" title="Indicele Dezvoltării Umane">Indicelui Dezvoltării Umane</a> al ONU.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ea are bune performanțe conform mai multor metrici, între care <a href="/wiki/Indicele_libert%C4%83%C8%9Bii_presei" title="Indicele libertății presei">libertatea presei</a>, libertatea economică și libertatea civilă. Irlanda este membră a <a href="/wiki/Uniunea_European%C4%83" title="Uniunea Europeană">Uniunii Europene</a> și este membră fondatoare a <a href="/wiki/Consiliul_Europei" title="Consiliul Europei">Consiliului Europei</a> și al <a href="/wiki/OECD" class="mw-redirect" title="OECD">OECD</a>. Ea urmează o politică de neutralitate prin nealiniere, nefiind membră <a href="/wiki/NATO" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO">NATO</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> deși participă la <a href="/wiki/Parteneriatul_pentru_Pace" title="Parteneriatul pentru Pace">Parteneriatul pentru Pace</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istorie">Istorie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Istorie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Istorie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preistoria_și_protoistoria_Irlandei"><span id="Preistoria_.C8.99i_protoistoria_Irlandei"></span>Preistoria și protoistoria Irlandei</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Preistoria și protoistoria Irlandei" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Preistoria și protoistoria Irlandei"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Primii oameni care au venit pe <a href="/wiki/Irlanda_(insul%C4%83)" title="Irlanda (insulă)">insula Irlanda</a> au fost <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A2n%C4%83tori-culeg%C4%83tori" class="mw-redirect" title="Vânători-culegători">vânători-culegători</a>, prezența omului în acest teritoriu datând din <a href="/wiki/Paleolitic" title="Paleolitic">paleolitic</a>, cu cca 12.500 ani în urmă.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Istoria scrisă a insulei începe însă după ce exploratorii <a href="/wiki/Grecia_Antic%C4%83" title="Grecia Antică">Greciei antice</a> au ajuns în regiune. Astfel, <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a> și <a href="/wiki/Strabon" title="Strabon">Strabon</a> spuneau despre locuitorii insulei că practicau <a href="/wiki/Canibalism" title="Canibalism">canibalismul</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cucerirea romană a <a href="/wiki/Britannia" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Britannia">Britanniei</a> a atras atenția acestei puteri a lumii antice asupra regiunii. <a href="/wiki/Iulius_Cezar" title="Iulius Cezar">Iulius Cezar</a> consemnează în <span lang="la" style="font-style:italic"><a href="/wiki/Commentarii_de_Bello_Gallico" title="Commentarii de Bello Gallico">Commentarii de Bello Gallico</a></span> poziția corectă, la vest de Britannia, a insulei pe care o denumea <i>Hibernia</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Un secol mai târziu, guvernatorul Britanniei, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnaeus_Julius_Agricola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gnaeus Julius Agricola — pagină inexistentă">Gnaeus Julius Agricola</a>, a ținut pe lângă sine o căpetenie irlandeză cu scopul de a supune insula.<sup id="cite_ref-ta24_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ta24-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Planurile lui nu s-au concretizat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creștinarea_și_invaziile_vikingilor_și_normanzilor"><span id="Cre.C8.99tinarea_.C8.99i_invaziile_vikingilor_.C8.99i_normanzilor"></span>Creștinarea și invaziile vikingilor și normanzilor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Creștinarea și invaziile vikingilor și normanzilor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Creștinarea și invaziile vikingilor și normanzilor"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Gallarus_Oratory.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Gallarus_Oratory.jpg/220px-Gallarus_Oratory.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Gallarus_Oratory.jpg/330px-Gallarus_Oratory.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Gallarus_Oratory.jpg/440px-Gallarus_Oratory.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="2208" /></a><figcaption>Gallarus Oratory, una dintre cele mai vechi biserici din Irlanda, datată între secolele al VI-lea și al IX-lea</figcaption></figure> <p>Primele referiri clare la evenimente ce s-au petrecut pe insulă, asociate începutului Evului Mediu Timpuriu, apar pe la începutul secolului al V-lea e.n., odată cu creștinarea teritoriului. La <a href="/wiki/431" title="431">431</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papa_Celestin_I" title="Papa Celestin I">papa Celestin I</a> l-a trimis pe <a href="/wiki/Palladius" title="Palladius">Palladius</a> să fie episcop al creștinilor irlandezi, ceea ce dovedește existența cultului creștin pe insulă. Prin tradiție, misiunea <a href="/wiki/Sf%C3%A2ntul_Patrick" class="mw-redirect" title="Sfântul Patrick">Sfântului Patrick</a> este considerată a fi avut loc în această perioadă, dar scrierile lui nu sunt databile cu exactitate.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cert este că procesul de creștinare a Irlandei a fost unul îndelungat, Patrick și Palladius fiind principalii misionari cunoscuți de istorie. De-a lungul Evului Mediu Timpuriu, Irlanda era omogenă etno-cultural, fiind locuită de triburile <a href="/wiki/Cel%C8%9Bi" title="Celți">celtice</a> agrariene ale <a href="/wiki/Gali" class="mw-redirect" title="Gali">galilor</a>, dar era divizată din punct de vedere politic, la diverse momente de timp apărând în diverse zone cinci principale formațiuni statale, conduse de structuri dinastice denumite <i>clanuri</i>, dintre care patru formațiuni (Connachta, Laigin, Mumu și Mide) corespund în mare parte teritoriului statului irlandez modern, cealaltă (Ulaid) fiind centrată în actuala <a href="/wiki/Irlanda_de_Nord" title="Irlanda de Nord">Irlandă de Nord</a>. Astfel au găsit insula primii invadatori <a href="/wiki/Vikingi" title="Vikingi">vikingi</a>, sosiți în anul 795.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Brian_Boru,_King_of_Munster.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Brian_Boru%2C_King_of_Munster.jpg/170px-Brian_Boru%2C_King_of_Munster.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Brian_Boru%2C_King_of_Munster.jpg/255px-Brian_Boru%2C_King_of_Munster.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Brian_Boru%2C_King_of_Munster.jpg 2x" data-file-width="266" data-file-height="404" /></a><figcaption>Brian Boru, singurul rege celtic care a fost aproape de a unifica întreaga insulă</figcaption></figure> <p>La început, vikingii au sosit doar în expediții de pradă, dar ulterior, spre mijlocul secolului al IX-lea, și-au construit porturi fortificate pentru iernat.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Însuși orașul <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> a apărut ca fortificație vikingă spre sfârșitul aceluiași secol. În 902, două regate celtice și-au unit forțele pentru a-i izgoni pe vikingi, cucerind Dublinul (Áth Cliath), dar victoria lor a fost vremelnică, navigatorii nordici revenind în 914.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perioada vikingă a dus la căsătorii mixte și împrumuturi culturale, deși a fost marcată de numeroase conflicte între regii celți autohtoni și cuceritorii nordici. În cele din urmă, în 980, Dublinul, devenit centru de putere al vikingilor, a fost cucerit de gaélii conduși de <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A1el_Sechnaill_mac_Domnaill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill — pagină inexistentă">Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> lăsând însă în urmă unele formațiuni statale ale <i>hiberno-nordicilor</i> (regi de origine mixtă celto-vikingă). Din luptele împotriva vikingilor, s-a remarcat și căpetenia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brian_Boru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brian Boru — pagină inexistentă">Brian Boru</a> care în scurt timp a rivalizat cu Máel Sechnaill, l-a supus în 1002 și s-a proclamat rege al întregii insule.<sup id="cite_ref-bb_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bb-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Campaniile duse pentru a-i supune și pe ceilalți conducători de formațiuni statale care s-au revoltat împotriva sa au fost aproape de a aduce prima unificare politică deplină a insulei, dar Brian Boru a murit în <a href="/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Clontarf" title="Bătălia de la Clontarf">bătălia de la Clontarf</a> din 1012.<sup id="cite_ref-bb_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bb-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:King_John%27s_Castle_in_Limerick.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/King_John%27s_Castle_in_Limerick.jpg/350px-King_John%27s_Castle_in_Limerick.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/King_John%27s_Castle_in_Limerick.jpg/525px-King_John%27s_Castle_in_Limerick.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/King_John%27s_Castle_in_Limerick.jpg/700px-King_John%27s_Castle_in_Limerick.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2192" data-file-height="891" /></a><figcaption>Unul dintre numeroasele castele medievale, relicvă a cuceririi normande</figcaption></figure> <p>De-a lungul secolului al XI-lea și primei jumătăți a secolului al XII-lea, teritoriul a continuat să fie împărțit între cele cinci centre de putere, cu câte un „Mare Rege” ("High King") care ocazional reușea să revendice o autoritate mai amplă.<sup id="cite_ref-byrne_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-byrne-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:pp. 40–47</sup> Anul 1169 a marcat o nouă epocă istorică pentru Irlanda — invazia normandă. <a href="/wiki/Henric_al_II-lea_al_Angliei" title="Henric al II-lea al Angliei">Henric al II-lea</a> a fost primul rege al Angliei care a pus piciorul în Irlanda, autorizat fiind de o bulă papală primită în 1155 din partea lui <a href="/wiki/Papa_Adrian_al_IV-lea" title="Papa Adrian al IV-lea">Adrian al IV-lea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fie prin lupte, fie prin alianțe cu regii celți, normanzii au pătruns la început în partea estică a insulei și au încercat să impună <a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">feudalismul</a>, pe fondul unor <a href="/wiki/Perioada_cald%C4%83_medieval%C4%83" title="Perioada caldă medievală">schimbări climatice</a> care au favorizat agricultura.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A fost înființată <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senioria_Irlandei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senioria Irlandei — pagină inexistentă">Senioria Irlandei</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lordship_of_Ireland" class="extiw" title="en:Lordship of Ireland"><span title="„Lordship of Ireland” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Lordship+of+Ireland&targettitle=Senioria+Irlandei">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, un fief papal, titlul de senior al Irlandei fiind acordat de papă regelui Angliei;<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> la rândul său, regele Angliei numea un lord locțiitor care să conducă treburile senioriei.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cu timpul, baronii normanzi au devenit mari proprietari de pământ<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> și au ridicat numeroase cetăți pe insulă, mai ales în preajma zonelor de coastă. Timp de două secole, istoria insulei a fost marcată de rivalitatea între acești baroni și regele Angliei, apogeul puterii baronilor fiind atins în 1297, când aceștia au înființat <a href="/wiki/Parlamentul_Irlandei" class="mw-redirect" title="Parlamentul Irlandei">Parlamentul Irlandei</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În prima jumătate a secolului al XIV-lea însă, foametea și ciuma din Europa, care au dus și la intensificarea rebeliunilor conducătorilor gaéli care încercau să recucerească pământurile bogate acaparate de nobilimea normandă<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Campania_irlandez%C4%83_a_lui_Bruce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Campania irlandeză a lui Bruce — pagină inexistentă">invazia scoțiană din 1315</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_campaign_in_Ireland" class="extiw" title="en:Bruce campaign in Ireland"><span title="„Bruce campaign in Ireland” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Bruce+campaign+in+Ireland&targettitle=Campania+irlandez%C4%83+a+lui+Bruce">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, au condus la declinul puterii normande, cu timpul autoritatea engleză restrângându-se la o zonă fortificată în jurul <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublinului</a>. Normanzii din afara acestei regiuni au fost în timp asimilați de irlandezii autohtoni, preluând de la aceștia limba irlandeză, dar și obiceiurile și structura de clan. A doua jumătate a secolului al XIV-lea și secolul al XV-lea au marcat declinul puterii Angliei, implicată în <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_de_100_de_Ani" title="Războiul de 100 de Ani">Războiul de 100 de Ani</a>, și apoi frământată de <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_celor_Dou%C4%83_Roze" title="Războiul celor Două Roze">Războiul celor Două Roze</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cucerirea_engleză"><span id="Cucerirea_englez.C4.83"></span>Cucerirea engleză</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Cucerirea engleză" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Cucerirea engleză"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Ireland_1450.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ireland_1450.png/150px-Ireland_1450.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ireland_1450.png/225px-Ireland_1450.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ireland_1450.png/300px-Ireland_1450.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="582" /></a><figcaption>Irlanda în 1450</figcaption></figure> <p>La începutul secolului al XVI-lea, Irlanda era împărțită între: </p> <ul><li>fâșia Dublin, adică ceea ce mai rămăsese din <i>Senioria Irlandei</i>, fief papal condus <i>de jure</i> de regele Angliei și <i>de facto</i> de puternicii lorzi-locțiitori din casa Fitzgerald din <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kildare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kildare — pagină inexistentă">Kildare</a>;</li> <li>teritoriile unor nobili anglo-irlandezi loiali Angliei; și</li> <li>teritoriile unor conducători irlandezi, cvasiindependente față de Anglia.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Hans_Holbein,_the_Younger,_Around_1497-1543_-_Portrait_of_Henry_VIII_of_England_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Hans_Holbein%2C_the_Younger%2C_Around_1497-1543_-_Portrait_of_Henry_VIII_of_England_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/170px-Hans_Holbein%2C_the_Younger%2C_Around_1497-1543_-_Portrait_of_Henry_VIII_of_England_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Hans_Holbein%2C_the_Younger%2C_Around_1497-1543_-_Portrait_of_Henry_VIII_of_England_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/255px-Hans_Holbein%2C_the_Younger%2C_Around_1497-1543_-_Portrait_of_Henry_VIII_of_England_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Hans_Holbein%2C_the_Younger%2C_Around_1497-1543_-_Portrait_of_Henry_VIII_of_England_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/340px-Hans_Holbein%2C_the_Younger%2C_Around_1497-1543_-_Portrait_of_Henry_VIII_of_England_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2994" data-file-height="4203" /></a><figcaption>Henric al VIII-lea a reinstituit autoritatea coroanei de la Londra asupra Irlandei și s-a proclamat rege al Irlandei</figcaption></figure> <p>După venirea sa pe tron, <a href="/wiki/Henric_al_VIII-lea_al_Angliei" title="Henric al VIII-lea al Angliei">Henric al VIII-lea al Angliei</a> a păstrat la început <a href="/wiki/Status_quo" class="mw-redirect" title="Status quo">status quoul</a>, dar a început din 1513 o politică de supunere a Irlandei, fie prin acțiuni militare, fie prin înțelegeri cu conducătorii locali, iar în 1542 Henric a proclamat <a href="/wiki/Regatul_Irlandei" title="Regatul Irlandei">Regatul Irlandei</a> cu el ca rege, într-un gest de sfidare a puterii Papei;<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> în cele din urmă, fiica sa, <a href="/wiki/Maria_I_a_Angliei" title="Maria I a Angliei">Mary I</a>, a fost recunoscută de Papă ca regină a Irlandei.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Puterea casei Fitzgerald a fost redusă, în ciuda opoziției violente a acesteia cauzată de numirea de către regina Angliei a unui lord-locțiitor din afara familiei și chiar din afara insulei. După mai multe conflicte, Irlanda a intrat în întregime sub dominație engleză la începutul secolului al XVII-lea,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> la sfârșitul domniei <a href="/wiki/Elisabeta_I_a_Angliei" title="Elisabeta I a Angliei">Elisabetei I</a> și la începutul domniei lui <a href="/wiki/Iacob_I_al_Angliei" title="Iacob I al Angliei">Iacob I</a>. Nobilimea irlandeză care a acceptat în cele din urmă autoritatea Londrei era însă predominant <a href="/wiki/Biserica_Romano-Catolic%C4%83" title="Biserica Romano-Catolică">catolică</a>, în timp ce noii coloniști ce veneau din Anglia erau protestanți și erau favorizați la alegerea în structurile de putere din Irlanda. La 1640, Parlamentul irlandez era dominat de protestanți, în timp ce regele ducea politici îngăduitoare cu nobilii autohtoni irlandezi. Rebeliunea izbucnită în 1641 nu a putut fi înăbușită deoarece în 1642 a izbucnit <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_Civil_Englez" title="Războiul Civil Englez">Războiul Civil Englez</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-his_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-his-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rebelii irlandezi au masacrat coloniști protestanți și s-au aliat cu regele <a href="/wiki/Carol_I_al_Angliei" title="Carol I al Angliei">Carol I</a> și cu regaliștii din Marea Britanie.<sup id="cite_ref-his_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-his-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aceștia au fost înfrânți însă de parlamentariști, iar <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a> a recucerit Irlanda după un război violent soldat cu masacre ca cel de după <a href="/wiki/Asediul_Droghedei" title="Asediul Droghedei">asediul Droghedei</a> din 1649,<sup id="cite_ref-his_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-his-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a confiscat proprietățile nobililor irlandezi și le-a distribuit coloniștilor protestanți.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:King_James_II_by_Sir_Godfrey_Kneller,_Bt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/King_James_II_by_Sir_Godfrey_Kneller%2C_Bt.jpg/170px-King_James_II_by_Sir_Godfrey_Kneller%2C_Bt.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/King_James_II_by_Sir_Godfrey_Kneller%2C_Bt.jpg/255px-King_James_II_by_Sir_Godfrey_Kneller%2C_Bt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/King_James_II_by_Sir_Godfrey_Kneller%2C_Bt.jpg/340px-King_James_II_by_Sir_Godfrey_Kneller%2C_Bt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3963" /></a><figcaption>Iacob al II-lea a încercat să reacorde catolicilor drepturile civile, dar a fost detronat de o coaliție între parlamentariștii protestanți și Olanda.</figcaption></figure> <p>După <a href="/wiki/Restaura%C8%9Bia_Stuar%C8%9Bilor" title="Restaurația Stuarților">Restaurația Stuarților</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carol_al_II-lea_al_Angliei" title="Carol al II-lea al Angliei">Carol al II-lea</a> a căutat să reconcilieze întrucâtva nobilii irlandezi catolici, dar a păstrat în vigoare confiscările de pământuri impuse de Cromwell. <a href="/wiki/Iacob_al_II-lea_al_Angliei" title="Iacob al II-lea al Angliei">Iacob al II-lea</a> a mers ulterior mai departe, abrogând mai multe legi anticatolice, atitudine ce i-a adus însă detronarea în <a href="/wiki/Revolu%C8%9Bia_Glorioas%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Revoluția Glorioasă">Revoluția Glorioasă</a> din 1688, el fiind înlocuit de parlamentariștii englezi, susținuți de olandezi, cu <a href="/wiki/William_al_III-lea_al_Angliei" title="William al III-lea al Angliei">Wilhelm de Orania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deși susținut de Franța lui <a href="/wiki/Ludovic_al_XIV-lea" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludovic al XIV-lea">Ludovic al XIV-lea</a>, Iacob al II-lea a fost înfrânt, și odată cu el și visurile nobilimii irlandeze de redobândire a vechilor privilegii. Capitularea iacobiților catolici irlandezi la <a href="/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick">Limerick</a> în 1691<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a marcat începutul unei perioade de dominație protestantă, în care puterea în țară a aparținut unei minorități de nobili și clerici protestanți anglicani, singurele categorii ce aveau drept de vot.<sup id="cite_ref-Heyck_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heyck-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:p. 38</sup> Nobilii irlandezi s-au convertit de-a lungul secolului al XVIII-lea la protestantism pentru a-și păstra proprietățile și pentru a căpăta drepturi politice.<sup id="cite_ref-Heyck_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heyck-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:p. 38</sup> Cu timpul, deși dominat de protestanți, acest parlament a început să ceară drepturi comerciale mai favorabile și o autonomie lărgită față de Londra. Strădaniile lor au fost încununate în 1782 cu o constituție care mărea puterile parlamentului.<sup id="cite_ref-Heyck_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heyck-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Imediat au fost adoptate legi prin care catolicii au reprimit dreptul de vot și de a cumpăra pământuri, deși încă nu puteau fi aleși în parlament sau numiți în posturi din administrație.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> După modelul militantismului <a href="/wiki/Revolu%C8%9Bia_Francez%C4%83" title="Revoluția Franceză">Revoluției Franceze</a>, unii catolici irlandezi au format grupări radicale, cerând drepturi egale pentru toate confesiunile și independență față de Londra. Revolta lor din 1798 a fost însă înăbușită în câteva luni, iar de la <time datetime="1801-01-01">1 ianuarie 1801</time>, autonomia irlandeză a fost suprimată și toată insula a fost incorporată în <a href="/wiki/Regatul_Unit_al_Marii_Britanii_%C8%99i_al_Irlandei" class="mw-redirect" title="Regatul Unit al Marii Britanii și al Irlandei">Regatul Unit al Marii Britanii și al Irlandei</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mișcarea_pentru_autonomie"><span id="Mi.C8.99carea_pentru_autonomie"></span>Mișcarea pentru autonomie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Mișcarea pentru autonomie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Mișcarea pentru autonomie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Începând cu <time datetime="1801-01-01">1 ianuarie 1801</time> și până la <time datetime="1922-12-06">6 decembrie 1922</time>, insula Irlanda a fost în întregime parte a <a href="/wiki/Regatul_Unit_al_Marii_Britanii_%C8%99i_Irlandei" title="Regatul Unit al Marii Britanii și Irlandei">Regatului Unit al Marii Britanii și Irlandei</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În timpul <a href="/wiki/Marea_Foamete_Irlandez%C4%83" title="Marea Foamete Irlandeză">Marii Foamete</a>, între 1845 și 1849, populația de peste 8 milioane de locuitori a insulei a scăzut cu 30%. Un milion de irlandezi au murit de foame și/sau de boli și alți 1,5 milioane au emigrat, în special în Statele Unite.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Atunci a început să se manifeste o tendință de emigrație ce avea să dureze un secol, tendință ce s-a manifestat printr-un declin constant al populației până în anii 1960.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Charles_Stewart_Parnell_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Charles_Stewart_Parnell_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/170px-Charles_Stewart_Parnell_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Charles_Stewart_Parnell_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/255px-Charles_Stewart_Parnell_-_Brady-Handy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Charles_Stewart_Parnell_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/340px-Charles_Stewart_Parnell_-_Brady-Handy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3232" data-file-height="4059" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Partidul_Parlamentarist_Irlandez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partidul Parlamentarist Irlandez — pagină inexistentă">Partidul Parlamentarist Irlandez</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Parliamentary_Party" class="extiw" title="en:Irish Parliamentary Party"><span title="„Irish Parliamentary Party” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Irish+Parliamentary+Party&targettitle=Partidul+Parlamentarist+Irlandez">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> a fost înființat în 1882 de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Stewart_Parnell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Stewart Parnell — pagină inexistentă">Charles Stewart Parnell</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Stewart_Parnell" class="extiw" title="en:Charles Stewart Parnell"><span title="„Charles Stewart Parnell” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Charles+Stewart+Parnell&targettitle=Charles+Stewart+Parnell">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> (1846–1891).</figcaption></figure> <p>Din 1874, în special sub conducerea lui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Stewart_Parnell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Stewart Parnell — pagină inexistentă">Charles Stewart Parnell</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Stewart_Parnell" class="extiw" title="en:Charles Stewart Parnell"><span title="„Charles Stewart Parnell” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Charles+Stewart+Parnell&targettitle=Charles+Stewart+Parnell">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> după 1880, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partidul_Parlamentarist_Irlandez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partidul Parlamentarist Irlandez — pagină inexistentă">Partidul Parlamentarist Irlandez</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Parliamentary_Party" class="extiw" title="en:Irish Parliamentary Party"><span title="„Irish Parliamentary Party” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Irish+Parliamentary+Party&targettitle=Partidul+Parlamentarist+Irlandez">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> a ieșit în prim plan prin agitația agrariană practicată pe scară largă prin intermediul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liga_Irlandez%C4%83_pentru_P%C4%83m%C3%A2nt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liga Irlandeză pentru Pământ — pagină inexistentă">Ligii Irlandeze pentru Pământ</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Land_League" class="extiw" title="en:Irish Land League"><span title="„Irish Land League” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Irish+Land+League&targettitle=Liga+Irlandez%C4%83+pentru+P%C4%83m%C3%A2nt">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, care a obținut ameliorarea situației țăranilor fără pământ sub forma <a href="/w/index.php?title=Legile_Funciare_Irlandeze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legile Funciare Irlandeze — pagină inexistentă">Legilor Funciare Irlandeze</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Land_Acts" class="extiw" title="en:Irish Land Acts"><span title="„Irish Land Acts” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Irish+Land+Acts&targettitle=Legile+Funciare+Irlandeze">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, dar și prin tentativele de a obține <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mi%C8%99carea_pentru_autonomia_Irlandei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mișcarea pentru autonomia Irlandei — pagină inexistentă">autonomia</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Home_Rule_Movement" class="extiw" title="en:Irish Home Rule Movement"><span title="„Irish Home Rule Movement” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Irish+Home+Rule+Movement&targettitle=Mi%C8%99carea+pentru+autonomia+Irlandei">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, cu două propuneri de legi, în 1886 și 1893, neadoptate, prin care Irlanda ar fi primit o autonomie națională limitată.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aceasta a dus la trecerea afacerilor naționale, în urma <a href="/w/index.php?title=Legea_Guvern%C4%83rii_Locale_%C3%AEn_Irlanda,_1898&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legea Guvernării Locale în Irlanda, 1898 — pagină inexistentă">Legii Guvernării Locale din 1898</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Government_(Ireland)_Act_1898" class="extiw" title="en:Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898"><span title="„Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Local+Government+%28Ireland%29+Act+1898&targettitle=Legea+Guvern%C4%83rii+Locale+%C3%AEn+Irlanda%2C+1898">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, sub control local din mâinile marilor jurii dominate de marii proprietari din rândurile aristrocrației protestante.<sup id="cite_ref-beckett_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beckett-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gailey_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gailey-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-shannon_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shannon-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Obținerea autonomiei părea sigură atunci când <a href="/w/index.php?title=Legea_Parlamentului_din_1911&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legea Parlamentului din 1911 — pagină inexistentă">Legea Parlamentului din 1911</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_Act_1911" class="extiw" title="en:Parliament Act 1911"><span title="„Parliament Act 1911” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Parliament+Act+1911&targettitle=Legea+Parlamentului+din+1911">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> a abolit dreptul de veto al <a href="/wiki/Camera_Lorzilor" class="mw-redirect" title="Camera Lorzilor">Camerei Lorzilor</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Redmond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Redmond — pagină inexistentă">John Redmond</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Redmond" class="extiw" title="en:John Redmond"><span title="„John Redmond” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=John+Redmond&targettitle=John+Redmond">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> a obținut adoptarea celei de a treia propuneri de <a href="/wiki/Legea_Guvern%C4%83rii_Irlandei_din_1914" title="Legea Guvernării Irlandei din 1914">lege a autonomiei în 1914</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unionismul_%C3%AEn_Irlanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unionismul în Irlanda — pagină inexistentă">Mișcarea unionistă</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unionism_in_Ireland" class="extiw" title="en:Unionism in Ireland"><span title="„Unionism in Ireland” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Unionism+in+Ireland&targettitle=Unionismul+%C3%AEn+Irlanda">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> era însă în creștere începând cu 1886 în rândul protestanților irlandezi încă de la prima propunere legislativă; aceștia se temeau de discriminări și de pierderea privilegiilor economice și sociale în cazul în care catolicii irlandezi ar fi obținut puterea politică. La sfârșitul secolului al XIX-lea și începutul secolului al XX-lea, sentimentul unionist era deosebit de puternic în părți din <a href="/wiki/Ulster" title="Ulster">Ulster</a>, unde industrializarea era mai frecventă spre deosebire de restul agrar al insulei. Exista temerea că se vor introduce taxe vamale care vor afecta grav regiunea. Tot în zona Ulsterului, populația protestantă era majoritară în patru comitate și destul de semnificativă în celelalte.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sub conducerea dublinezului <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Carson,_Baron_Carson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Carson, Baron Carson — pagină inexistentă">Sir Edward Carson</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Carson,_Baron_Carson" class="extiw" title="en:Edward Carson, Baron Carson"><span title="„Edward Carson, Baron Carson” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Edward+Carson%2C+Baron+Carson&targettitle=Edward+Carson%2C+Baron+Carson">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> din <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partidul_Unionist_Irlandez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partidul Unionist Irlandez — pagină inexistentă">Partidul Unionist Irlandez</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Unionist_Party" class="extiw" title="en:Irish Unionist Party"><span title="„Irish Unionist Party” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Irish+Unionist+Party&targettitle=Partidul+Unionist+Irlandez">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și al lui <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Craig,_Primul_Viconte_Craigavon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Craig, Primul Viconte Craigavon — pagină inexistentă">Sir James Craig</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Craig,_1st_Viscount_Craigavon" class="extiw" title="en:James Craig, 1st Viscount Craigavon"><span title="„James Craig, 1st Viscount Craigavon” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=James+Craig%2C+1st+Viscount+Craigavon&targettitle=James+Craig%2C+Primul+Viconte+Craigavon">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, originar din nord, din <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partidul_Unionist_din_Ulster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partidul Unionist din Ulster — pagină inexistentă">Partidul Unionist din Ulster</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" class="extiw" title="en:Ulster Unionist Party"><span title="„Ulster Unionist Party” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Ulster+Unionist+Party&targettitle=Partidul+Unionist+din+Ulster">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, unioniștii au trecut la acțiuni militante pentru a se opune <i>Coerciunii Ulsterului</i>. După adoptarea Legii Autonomiei în Parlament în mai 1914, pentru a evita rebeliunea Ulsterului, primul ministru britanic <a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">H. H. Asquith</a> a introdus o Lege de Amendare care a fost, cu greutate, acceptată de conducerea Partidului Irlandez. Aceasta stipula excluderea temporară a Ulsterului de la aplicarea legii pe o perioadă de șase ani, măsurile ce urmau a fi introduse în acea zonă fiind nespecificate.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Revoluția_și_pașii_către_independență"><span id="Revolu.C8.9Bia_.C8.99i_pa.C8.99ii_c.C4.83tre_independen.C8.9B.C4.83"></span>Revoluția și pașii către independență</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Revoluția și pașii către independență" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Revoluția și pașii către independență"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Easter_Proclamation_of_1916.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Easter_Proclamation_of_1916.png/170px-Easter_Proclamation_of_1916.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Easter_Proclamation_of_1916.png/255px-Easter_Proclamation_of_1916.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Easter_Proclamation_of_1916.png/340px-Easter_Proclamation_of_1916.png 2x" data-file-width="954" data-file-height="1450" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proclamarea_Republicii_Irlandeze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proclamarea Republicii Irlandeze — pagină inexistentă">Proclamația de Paști</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_Irish_Republic" class="extiw" title="en:Proclamation of the Irish Republic"><span title="„Proclamation of the Irish Republic” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Proclamation+of+the+Irish+Republic&targettitle=Proclamarea+Republicii+Irlandeze">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, 1916</figcaption></figure> <p>Deși primise <a href="/w/index.php?title=Consim%C8%9B%C4%83m%C3%A2nt_Regal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Consimțământ Regal — pagină inexistentă">Consimțământ Regal</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Assent" class="extiw" title="en:Royal Assent"><span title="„Royal Assent” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Royal+Assent&targettitle=Consim%C8%9B%C4%83m%C3%A2nt+Regal">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și fusese introdusă în registrul statutar în 1914, implementarea <a href="/wiki/Legea_Guvern%C4%83rii_Irlandei_din_1914" title="Legea Guvernării Irlandei din 1914">Legii Autonomiei</a> a fost suspendată până după <a href="/wiki/Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial" title="Primul Război Mondial">Primul Război Mondial</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pentru a asigura aplicarea legii la sfârșitul războiului, Redmond și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Voluntarii_Na%C8%9Bionali_Irlandezi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voluntarii Naționali Irlandezi — pagină inexistentă">Voluntarii Naționali Irlandezi</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Volunteers" class="extiw" title="en:National Volunteers"><span title="„National Volunteers” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=National+Volunteers&targettitle=Voluntarii+Na%C8%9Bionali+Irlandezi">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> au susținut Regatul Unit în conflict, 175.000 de oameni înscriindu-se în <a href="/w/index.php?title=Regimentele_irlandeze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regimentele irlandeze — pagină inexistentă">Regimentele irlandeze</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_regiment" class="extiw" title="en:Irish regiment"><span title="„Irish regiment” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Irish+regiment&targettitle=Regimentele+irlandeze">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> din diviziile <a href="/w/index.php?title=Divizia_X_(Irlandez%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Divizia X (Irlandeză) — pagină inexistentă">a zecea (irlandeză)</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10th_(Irish)_Division_(United_Kingdom)" class="extiw" title="en:10th (Irish) Division (United Kingdom)"><span title="„10th (Irish) Division (United Kingdom)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=10th+%28Irish%29+Division+%28United+Kingdom%29&targettitle=Divizia+X+%28Irlandez%C4%83%29">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Divizia_XVI_(Irlandez%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Divizia XVI (Irlandeză) — pagină inexistentă">a șaisprezecea (irlandeză)</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_(Irish)_Division_(United_Kingdom)" class="extiw" title="en:16th (Irish) Division (United Kingdom)"><span title="„16th (Irish) Division (United Kingdom)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=16th+%28Irish%29+Division+%28United+Kingdom%29&targettitle=Divizia+XVI+%28Irlandez%C4%83%29">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, în timp ce unioniștii s-au înrolat în <a href="/w/index.php?title=Divizia_XXXVI_(Ulster)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Divizia XXXVI (Ulster) — pagină inexistentă">Divizia XXXVI (Ulster)</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/36th_(Ulster)_Division" class="extiw" title="en:36th (Ulster) Division"><span title="„36th (Ulster) Division” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=36th+%28Ulster%29+Division&targettitle=Divizia+XXXVI+%28Ulster%29">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> ale <a href="/w/index.php?title=Armata_lui_Kitchener&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armata lui Kitchener — pagină inexistentă">Noii Armate Britanice</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitchener%27s_Army" class="extiw" title="en:Kitchener's Army"><span title="„Kitchener's Army” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Kitchener%27s+Army&targettitle=Armata+lui+Kitchener">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Miezul grupării voluntarilor irlandezi, care se opuneau oricărei susțineri acordate Regatului Unit, împreună cu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Armata_Cet%C4%83%C8%9Beneasc%C4%83_Irlandez%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armata Cetățenească Irlandeză — pagină inexistentă">Armata Cetățenească Irlandeză</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Citizen_Army" class="extiw" title="en:Irish Citizen Army"><span title="„Irish Citizen Army” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Irish+Citizen+Army&targettitle=Armata+Cet%C4%83%C8%9Beneasc%C4%83+Irlandez%C4%83">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, au declanșat o insurecție armată antibritanică în 1916, denumită <a href="/wiki/Rebeliunea_de_Pa%C8%99ti" title="Rebeliunea de Paști">Răscoala de Paști</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-history_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aceasta a început la 24 aprilie 1916, cu o declarație de independență.<sup id="cite_ref-history_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> După o săptămână de lupte grele, duse în principal în Dublin, rebelii care mai supraviețuiau au fost obligați să capituleze.<sup id="cite_ref-history_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Majoritatea au fost închiși, și cincisprezece dintre ei (inclusiv majoritatea liderilor) au fost executați pentru trădarea Regatului Unit.<sup id="cite_ref-history_56-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Între aceștia s-au numărat <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Pearse" title="Patrick Pearse">Patrick Pearse</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-history_56-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> astăzi recunoscut ca primul președinte al Irlandei și părinte fondator al Irlandei moderne, precum și <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Connolly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Connolly — pagină inexistentă">James Connolly</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Connolly" class="extiw" title="en:James Connolly"><span title="„James Connolly” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=James+Connolly&targettitle=James+Connolly">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, socialist și fondator al sindicatului <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muncitorii_Industriali_ai_Lumii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muncitorii Industriali ai Lumii — pagină inexistentă">Muncitorii Industriali ai Lumii</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Workers_of_the_World" class="extiw" title="en:Industrial Workers of the World"><span title="„Industrial Workers of the World” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Industrial+Workers+of+the+World&targettitle=Muncitorii+Industriali+ai+Lumii">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și mișcărilor muncitorești irlandeză și scoțiană, care a fost general în timpul răscoalei și rănit.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Acest eveniment a avut un efect profund asupra opiniei publice din Irlanda. </p><p>În ianuarie 1919, după <a href="/wiki/Alegeri_legislative_%C3%AEn_Irlanda,_1918" title="Alegeri legislative în Irlanda, 1918">alegerile generale din 1918</a>, 73 dintre cele 105 de locuri de parlamentari din Irlanda erau membri ai partidului <a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ark_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ark-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> care au refuzat să-și ia locurile din <a href="/wiki/Camera_Comunelor_din_Regatul_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Camera Comunelor din Regatul Unit">Camera Comunelor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McCarthy_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCarthy-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În schimb, ei au format un parlament irlandez denumit <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil Éireann</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McCarthy_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCarthy-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Acest Dáil din ianuarie 1919 a emis o declarație de independență și a proclamat Republica Irlandeză.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Această Declarație a fost în principal o reafirmare a Proclamației din 1916 cu stipularea adițională că Irlanda nu mai era parte a Regatului Unit. Noua Republică Irlandeză nu a fost recunoscută pe plan internațional decât de <a href="/wiki/RSFS_Rus%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="RSFS Rusă">Rusia Sovietică</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aireacht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aireacht — pagină inexistentă">Aireachtul</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aireacht" class="extiw" title="en:Aireacht"><span title="„Aireacht” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Aireacht&targettitle=Aireacht">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> (guvernul) acestui stat a trimis o delegație în frunte cu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceann_Comhairle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ceann Comhairle — pagină inexistentă">Ceann Comhairle-ul</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceann_Comhairle" class="extiw" title="en:Ceann Comhairle"><span title="„Ceann Comhairle” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Ceann+Comhairle&targettitle=Ceann+Comhairle">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Se%C3%A1n_T._O%27Kelly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seán T. O'Kelly — pagină inexistentă">Seán T. O'Kelly</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_T._O%27Kelly" class="extiw" title="en:Seán T. O'Kelly"><span title="„Seán T. O'Kelly” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Se%C3%A1n+T.+O%27Kelly&targettitle=Se%C3%A1n+T.+O%27Kelly">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> la <a href="/wiki/Conferin%C8%9Ba_de_Pace_de_la_Paris_din_1919" title="Conferința de Pace de la Paris din 1919">Conferința de Pace de la Paris</a> din 1919, dar ea nu a fost primită. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:D%C3%A1il_Chamber.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/D%C3%A1il_Chamber.jpg/220px-D%C3%A1il_Chamber.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/D%C3%A1il_Chamber.jpg/330px-D%C3%A1il_Chamber.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/D%C3%A1il_Chamber.jpg/440px-D%C3%A1il_Chamber.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>În 1922, a fost declarat un nou parlament, denumit <a href="/wiki/Oireachtas_%C3%89ireann" title="Oireachtas Éireann">Oireachtas</a>, în cadrul căruia <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil Éireann</a> a devenit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Camer%C4%83_inferioar%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cameră inferioară — pagină inexistentă">cameră inferioară</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>După <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_Irlandez_de_Independen%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Războiul Irlandez de Independență">Războiul de Independență</a> și armistițiul semnat în iulie 1921, representanții guvernului britanic și delegații irlandezi în frunte cu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Griffith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Griffith — pagină inexistentă">Arthur Griffith</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Griffith" class="extiw" title="en:Arthur Griffith"><span title="„Arthur Griffith” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Arthur+Griffith&targettitle=Arthur+Griffith">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Barton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Barton — pagină inexistentă">Robert Barton</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Barton" class="extiw" title="en:Robert Barton"><span title="„Robert Barton” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Robert+Barton&targettitle=Robert+Barton">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și <a href="/wiki/Michael_Collins_(om_politic)" title="Michael Collins (om politic)">Michael Collins</a>, au negociat la Londra Tratatul Anglo-Irlandez între 11 octombrie și 6 decembrie 1921.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Delegații irlandezi și-au stabilit cartierul general la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Place&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Place — pagină inexistentă">Hans Place</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Place" class="extiw" title="en:Hans Place"><span title="„Hans Place” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Hans+Place&targettitle=Hans+Place">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> în <a href="/w/index.php?title=Knightsbridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Knightsbridge — pagină inexistentă">Knightsbridge</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knightsbridge" class="extiw" title="en:Knightsbridge"><span title="„Knightsbridge” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Knightsbridge&targettitle=Knightsbridge">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și aici s-a luat în discuții private la 5 decembrie hotărârea de a recomanda Tratatul camerei Dáil Éireann, care l-a ratificat cu o majoritate mică. </p><p>Conform Tratatului, la 6 decembrie 1922 întreaga insulă Irlanda devenea un dominion britanic autonom, denumit <a href="/wiki/Statul_Liber_Irlandez" title="Statul Liber Irlandez">Statul Liber Irlandez</a> (<i>Saorstát Éireann</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conform <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitu%C8%9Bia_Statului_Liber_Irlandez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constituția Statului Liber Irlandez — pagină inexistentă">Constituției Statului Liber Irlandez</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Irish_Free_State" class="extiw" title="en:Constitution of the Irish Free State"><span title="„Constitution of the Irish Free State” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Constitution+of+the+Irish+Free+State&targettitle=Constitu%C8%9Bia+Statului+Liber+Irlandez">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlamentul_Irlandei_de_Nord&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parlamentul Irlandei de Nord — pagină inexistentă">Parlamentul Irlandei de Nord</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Northern_Ireland" class="extiw" title="en:Parliament of Northern Ireland"><span title="„Parliament of Northern Ireland” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Parliament+of+Northern+Ireland&targettitle=Parlamentul+Irlandei+de+Nord">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> avea opțiunea de a ieși la exact o lună după aceea din Statul Liber Irlandez și de a reveni la Regatul Unit. În această perioadă, puterile Parlamentului Statului Liber Irlandez și ale Consiliului Executiv al Statului Liber Irlandez urmau să nu se extindă și asupra Irlandei de Nord. Irlanda de Nord și-a exercitat imediat acest drept conform tratatului, părăsind noul dominion și readerând la Regatul Unit la 8 decembrie 1922. În memoriul adresat regelui, se cerea „ca puterile Parlamentului și Guvernului Statului Liber Irlandez să nu se mai extindă asupra Irlandei de Nord.”<sup id="cite_ref-ahds1922_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ahds1922-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Statul Liber Irlandez a fost o <a href="/wiki/Monarhie_constitu%C8%9Bional%C4%83" title="Monarhie constituțională">monarhie constituțională</a>, regele său fiind monarhul britanic.<sup id="cite_ref-bari_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bari-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Exista un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guvernator_general_al_Statului_Liber_Irlandez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guvernator general al Statului Liber Irlandez — pagină inexistentă">guvernator-general</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor-General_of_the_Irish_Free_State" class="extiw" title="en:Governor-General of the Irish Free State"><span title="„Governor-General of the Irish Free State” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Governor-General+of+the+Irish+Free+State&targettitle=Guvernator+general+al+Statului+Liber+Irlandez">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, un parlament bicameral, un cabinet denumit „Consiliul Executiv” și un prim ministru, denumit „președintele Consiliului Executiv”.<sup id="cite_ref-bari_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bari-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Războiul_Civil_Irlandez"><span id="R.C4.83zboiul_Civil_Irlandez"></span>Războiul Civil Irlandez</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Războiul Civil Irlandez" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Războiul Civil Irlandez"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg/170px-%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg/255px-%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg/340px-%C3%89amon_de_Valera.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1328" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">Éamon de Valera</a> (1882–1975)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_Civil_Irlandez" title="Războiul Civil Irlandez">Războiul Civil Irlandez</a> a fost o consecință a înființării Statului Liber Irlandez.<sup id="cite_ref-bari_65-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bari-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Forțele ce se opuneau tratatului, în frunte cu <a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">Éamon de Valera</a>, obiectau că acceptarea Tratatului însemna abolirea Republicii Irlandeze din 1919 căreia îi juraseră credință, susținând în public că „poporul nu are dreptul de a greși”.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc22_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc22-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ei se opuneau cel mai mult ideii că statul rămâne parte a <a href="/wiki/Imperiul_Britanic" title="Imperiul Britanic">Imperiului Britanic</a> și că membrii Parlamentului Statului Liber sunt obligați să depună ceea ce ei considerau a fi un jurământ de credință regelui britanic. Forțele pro-tratat, în frunte cu <a href="/wiki/Michael_Collins_(om_politic)" title="Michael Collins (om politic)">Michael Collins</a>, susțineau că tratatul „nu dă libertatea supremă la care aspiră și pe care o dezvoltă toate națiunile, ci libertatea de a o obține”.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La începutul războiului, <a href="/wiki/Armata_Republican%C4%83_Irlandez%C4%83" title="Armata Republicană Irlandeză">Armata Republicană Irlandeză</a> (IRA) s-a împărțit în două tabere: un IRA pro-tratat și un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Armata_Republican%C4%83_Irlandez%C4%83_(1922%E2%80%931969)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armata Republicană Irlandeză (1922–1969) — pagină inexistentă">IRA anti-tratat</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army_(1922%E2%80%931969)" class="extiw" title="en:Irish Republican Army (1922–1969)"><span title="„Irish Republican Army (1922–1969)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Irish+Republican+Army+%281922%E2%80%931969%29&targettitle=Armata+Republican%C4%83+Irlandez%C4%83+%281922%E2%80%931969%29">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IRA pro-tratat s-a desființat și s-a integrat în noua <a href="/w/index.php?title=Armata_Na%C8%9Bional%C4%83_(Irlanda)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armata Națională (Irlanda) — pagină inexistentă">Armată Națională</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Army_(Ireland)" class="extiw" title="en:National Army (Ireland)"><span title="„National Army (Ireland)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=National+Army+%28Ireland%29&targettitle=Armata+Na%C8%9Bional%C4%83+%28Irlanda%29">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>. Din lipsa unei structuri eficiente de comandă a IRA anti-tratat și din cauza tacticilor defensive folosite în tot războiul, Michael Collins și forțele sale pro-tratat au reușit să strângă o armată de zeci de mii de veterani ai Primului Război Mondial din regimentele irlandeze ale Armatei Britanice, lăsate la vatră în 1922, capabile să îi copleșească pe opozanții tratatului. Aprovizionarea britanică cu artilerie, avioane, mitraliere și muniție s-a adăugat la avantajul forțelor pro-tratat, și amenințarea revenirii forțelor Coroanei în Statul Liber a înlăturat orice îndoială privind necesitatea punerii în aplicare a tratatului. Lipsa susținerii publice pentru forțele anti-tratat (denumite adesea <i>Irregulars</i> — „neregulații”)<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> și hotărârea guvernului de a le supune au contribuit la înfrângerea lor.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Constituția_din_1937"><span id="Constitu.C8.9Bia_din_1937"></span>Constituția din 1937</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Constituția din 1937" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Constituția din 1937"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>După un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendumul_constitu%C8%9Bional_din_Irlanda,_1937&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendumul constituțional din Irlanda, 1937 — pagină inexistentă">referendum național</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_constitutional_referendum,_1937" class="extiw" title="en:Irish constitutional referendum, 1937"><span title="„Irish constitutional referendum, 1937” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Irish+constitutional+referendum%2C+1937&targettitle=Referendumul+constitu%C8%9Bional+din+Irlanda%2C+1937">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, la 29 decembrie 1937 a intrat în vigoare noua <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitu%C8%9Bia_Irlandei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constituția Irlandei — pagină inexistentă">Constituție a Irlandei</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Ireland" class="extiw" title="en:Constitution of Ireland"><span title="„Constitution of Ireland” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Constitution+of+Ireland&targettitle=Constitu%C8%9Bia+Irlandei">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> (<i>Bunreacht na hÉireann</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ea a înlocuit Constituția Statului Liber și a denumit statul <i>Irlanda</i>, sau <i>Éire</i> în irlandeză.<sup id="cite_ref-1937rename_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1937rename-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Articolele 2 și 3 ale Constituției afirmau o revendicare teritorială asupra întregii insule, considerând diviziarea Irlandei prin <a href="/wiki/Tratatul_anglo-irlandez" title="Tratatul anglo-irlandez">Tratatul Anglo-Irlandez</a> din 1922 nelegitimă. Fostul guvern al Statului Liber Irlandez acționase în vederea abolirii formale a funcției de guvernator general cu câteva luni înaintea intrării în vigoare a noii Constituții.<sup id="cite_ref-commentary_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-commentary-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deși Constituția înființa funcția de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre%C8%99edintele_Irlandei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Președintele Irlandei — pagină inexistentă">președinte al Irlandei</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Ireland" class="extiw" title="en:President of Ireland"><span title="„President of Ireland” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=President+of+Ireland&targettitle=Pre%C8%99edintele+Irlandei">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, rămânea deschisă întrebarea dacă Irlanda este republică. Diplomații erau acreditați la rege, dar președintele exercita funcțiunile interne ale unui șef de stat.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De exemplu, președintele promulga noile legi în virtutea autorității sale, fără referire la rege. George al VI-lea rămânea însă un „organ”, stipulat în legea statutară. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda_%C3%AEn_timpul_celui_de_al_Doilea_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irlanda în timpul celui de al Doilea Război Mondial — pagină inexistentă">Irlanda a rămas neutră</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_neutrality_during_World_War_II" class="extiw" title="en:Irish neutrality during World War II"><span title="„Irish neutrality during World War II” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Irish+neutrality+during+World+War+II&targettitle=Irlanda+%C3%AEn+timpul+celui+de+al+Doilea+R%C4%83zboi+Mondial">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> în timpul celui de al Doilea Război Mondial,<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Spelman2004p60_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spelman2004p60-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> perioadă denumită de irlandezi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Urgen%C8%9Ba_(Irlanda)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urgența (Irlanda) — pagină inexistentă"><i>Urgența</i></a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Emergency_(Ireland)" class="extiw" title="en:The Emergency (Ireland)"><span title="„The Emergency (Ireland)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=The+Emergency+%28Ireland%29&targettitle=Urgen%C8%9Ba+%28Irlanda%29">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> (în <a href="/wiki/Limba_englez%C4%83" title="Limba engleză">engleză</a> <span lang="en" style="font-style:italic">The Emergency</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Spelman2004p60_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spelman2004p60-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Legătura cu monarhia a încetat prin adoptarea <a href="/w/index.php?title=Legea_Republicii_Irlanda_din_1948&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legea Republicii Irlanda din 1948 — pagină inexistentă">Legii Republicii Irlanda din 1948</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland_Act_1948" class="extiw" title="en:Republic of Ireland Act 1948"><span title="„Republic of Ireland Act 1948” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Republic+of+Ireland+Act+1948&targettitle=Legea+Republicii+Irlanda+din+1948">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, care a intrat în vigoare la 18 aprilie 1949 și care declara că statul este o republică.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ulterior, Legea Coroanei Irlandei a fost abrogată oficial în Irlanda printr-o Lege de Revizuire a Legii Statutare (cutumele irlandeze dinaintea uniunii) în 1962. Irlanda era la acea vreme, tehnic, membră a <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth">Commonwealth</a>-ului după independență și până la declararea republicii la 18 aprilie 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La acea vreme, trecerea la republică a unui stat membru ducea automat la excluderea sa din Commonwealth. La 10 zile după declararea ca republică a Irlandei, legea a fost modificată prin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Declara%C8%9Bia_de_la_Londra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Declarația de la Londra — pagină inexistentă">Declarația de la Londra</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Declaration" class="extiw" title="en:London Declaration"><span title="„London Declaration” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=London+Declaration&targettitle=Declara%C8%9Bia+de+la+Londra">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> din 28 aprilie 1949, permițând și republicilor să adere. Irlanda nu a cerut însă reprimirea sa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Istoria_recentă"><span id="Istoria_recent.C4.83"></span>Istoria recentă</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifică secțiunea: Istoria recentă" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Istoria recentă"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_(081).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%28081%29.jpg/220px-Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%28081%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%28081%29.jpg/330px-Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%28081%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%28081%29.jpg/440px-Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%28081%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="521" data-file-height="310" /></a><figcaption>În 1973, Irlanda a aderat la <a href="/wiki/Comunitatea_European%C4%83" title="Comunitatea Europeană">CEE</a> împreună cu Regatul Unit și Danemarca. Țara a semnat <a href="/wiki/Tratatul_de_la_Lisabona" title="Tratatul de la Lisabona">Tratatul de la Lisabona</a> în 2007.</figcaption></figure> <p>Irlanda a devenit membră a <a href="/wiki/ONU" class="mw-redirect" title="ONU">Națiunilor Unite</a> în decembrie 1955, după ce îi fusese refuzată aderarea din cauza neutralității din timpul războiului și a nesusținerii <a href="/wiki/Alia%C8%9Bii_din_al_Doilea_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial" class="mw-redirect" title="Aliații din al Doilea Război Mondial">cauzei Aliaților</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La acea vreme, aderarea la ONU implica un angajament pentru folosirea forței cu scopul de a descuraja agresiunea unui stat împotriva altuia dacă ONU consideră acest lucru necesar.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Interesul către aderarea la <a href="/wiki/Comunitatea_European%C4%83" title="Comunitatea Europeană">Comunitatea Economică Europeană</a> s-a dezvoltat în Irlanda în anii 1950, luându-se în considerație și aderarea la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zona_European%C4%83_de_Liber_Schimb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zona Europeană de Liber Schimb — pagină inexistentă">Zona Europeană de Liber Schimb</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Free_Trade_Area" class="extiw" title="en:European Free Trade Area"><span title="„European Free Trade Area” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=European+Free+Trade+Area&targettitle=Zona+European%C4%83+de+Liber+Schimb">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-EF_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EF-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cum și Regatul Unit intenționa să adere la CEE, Irlanda a cerut oficial aderarea în iulie 1961 din cauza legăturilor economice substanțiale cu Regatul Unit.<sup id="cite_ref-EF_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EF-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:p. 55</sup> Membrii fondatori ai CEE au rămas însă sceptici privind capacitatea economică și neutralitatea Irlandei, dar și din cauza politicilor protecționiste.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mulți economiști și politicieni irlandezi au realizat că este nevoie de o reformă a politicii economice. Perspectiva aderării la CEE a devenit mai îndepărtată în 1963 când președintele Franței generalul <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> a declarat că Franța se opune aderării Regatului Unit, ceea ce a dus la încetarea negocierilor cu toate candidatele la aderare. În 1969 însă, succesorul său, <a href="/wiki/Georges_Pompidou" title="Georges Pompidou">Georges Pompidou</a>, nu s-a mai opus aderării Regatului Unit și Irlandei. Negocierile au fost reluate și tratatul de aderare a fost semnat în 1972. Aderarea a fost confirmată printr-un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_treilea_amendament_la_Constitu%C8%9Bia_Irlandei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al treilea amendament la Constituția Irlandei — pagină inexistentă">referendum ținut în 1972</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_Ireland" class="extiw" title="en:Third Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland"><span title="„Third Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Third+Amendment+of+the+Constitution+of+Ireland&targettitle=Al+treilea+amendament+la+Constitu%C8%9Bia+Irlandei">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, țara aderând la CEE în 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Criza economică de la sfârșitul anilor 1970 a fost alimentată de bugetul <a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a>, abolirea impozitului pe autovehicule, excesul de creditare și instabilitatea economică globală. Au existat schimbări importante de politică din 1989, cu reformă economică, scăderi de taxe, reformă a asigurărilor sociale, o creștere a competitivității și o interdicție a finanțării consumului prin credite. Această politică a fost începută în 1989–1992 de guvernul Fianna Fáil/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Progressive_Democrats&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Progressive Democrats — pagină inexistentă">Democrații Progresiști</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_Democrats" class="extiw" title="en:Progressive Democrats"><span title="„Progressive Democrats” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Progressive+Democrats&targettitle=Progressive+Democrats">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și a fost continuată de guvernele Fianna Fáil/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Partidul_Laburist_(Irlanda)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partidul Laburist (Irlanda) — pagină inexistentă">Laburist</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" class="extiw" title="en:Labour Party (Ireland)"><span title="„Labour Party (Ireland)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Labour+Party+%28Ireland%29&targettitle=Partidul+Laburist+%28Irlanda%29">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și <a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">Fine Gael</a>/Laburist/<a href="/w/index.php?title=St%C3%A2nga_Democrat%C4%83_(Irlanda)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stânga Democrată (Irlanda) — pagină inexistentă">Stânga Democrată</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Left_(Ireland)" class="extiw" title="en:Democratic Left (Ireland)"><span title="„Democratic Left (Ireland)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Democratic+Left+%28Ireland%29&targettitle=St%C3%A2nga+Democrat%C4%83+%28Irlanda%29">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>. Irlanda a devenit una dintre economiile cu cele mai rapide creșteri la sfârșitul anilor 1990, fiind denumită <a href="/wiki/Tigrul_Celtic" title="Tigrul Celtic">Tigrul Celtic</a>, ceea ce a durat până la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Criza_financiar%C4%83_global%C4%83_din_2007-2008&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Criza financiară globală din 2007-2008 — pagină inexistentă">criza financiară globală din 2007-2008</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308" class="extiw" title="en:Financial crisis of 2007–08"><span title="„Financial crisis of 2007–08” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Financial+crisis+of+2007%E2%80%9308&targettitle=criza+financiar%C4%83+global%C4%83+din+2007-2008">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>În chestiunea Irlandei de Nord, guvernele britanic și irlandez au încercat să găsească o rezolvare pașnică a conflictului violent în care erau implicate numeroase trupe paramilitare și <a href="/wiki/Armata_Britanic%C4%83" title="Armata Britanică">Armata Britanică</a> în Irlanda de Nord, conflict denumit „<a href="/wiki/Problema_irlandez%C4%83" title="Problema irlandeză">The Troubles</a>”.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Un acord de pace pentru Irlanda de Nord, denumit <a href="/wiki/Acordul_de_la_Belfast" title="Acordul de la Belfast">Acordul din Vinerea Mare</a>, a fost aprobat în 1998 prin referendumuri în cele două părți ale insulei.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ca parte a acordului de pace, revendicarea teritorială asupra Irlandei de Nord din articolele 2 și 3 ale Constituției Irlandei au fost abrogate prin referendum. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografie">Geografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifică secțiunea: Geografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Geografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Cliffs_of_Moher,_Clare.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Cliffs_of_Moher%2C_Clare.jpg/220px-Cliffs_of_Moher%2C_Clare.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Cliffs_of_Moher%2C_Clare.jpg/330px-Cliffs_of_Moher%2C_Clare.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Cliffs_of_Moher%2C_Clare.jpg/440px-Cliffs_of_Moher%2C_Clare.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Faleza_Moher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faleza Moher — pagină inexistentă">Faleza Moher</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliffs_of_Moher" class="extiw" title="en:Cliffs of Moher"><span title="„Cliffs of Moher” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Cliffs+of+Moher&targettitle=Faleza+Moher">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> pe coasta Atlanticului</figcaption></figure> <p>Statul se întinde pe o arie ce ocupă cinci șesimi (70.273 km²) din <a href="/wiki/Irlanda_(insul%C4%83)" title="Irlanda (insulă)">insula Irlanda</a><sup id="cite_ref-CIA_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (84.421 km²), restul teritoriului insulei fiind ocupat de <a href="/wiki/Irlanda_de_Nord" title="Irlanda de Nord">Irlanda de Nord</a>. Insula este mărginită la nord și la vest de <a href="/wiki/Oceanul_Atlantic" title="Oceanul Atlantic">Oceanul Atlantic</a> și la nord-est de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Canalul_de_Nord_(Marea_Britanie_%C8%99i_Irlanda)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canalul de Nord (Marea Britanie și Irlanda) — pagină inexistentă">Canalul de Nord</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Channel_(Great_Britain_and_Ireland)" class="extiw" title="en:North Channel (Great Britain and Ireland)"><span title="„North Channel (Great Britain and Ireland)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=North+Channel+%28Great+Britain+and+Ireland%29&targettitle=Canalul+de+Nord+%28Marea+Britanie+%C8%99i+Irlanda%29">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-geone_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geone-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La est, <a href="/wiki/Marea_Irlandei" class="mw-redirect" title="Marea Irlandei">Marea Irlandei</a> o leagă de Oceanul Atlantic prin <a href="/wiki/Canalul_Sf%C3%A2ntul_Gheorghe" title="Canalul Sfântul Gheorghe">Canalul Sfântul Gheorghe</a> și <a href="/wiki/Marea_Celtic%C4%83" title="Marea Celtică">Marea Celtică</a> la sud-est.<sup id="cite_ref-geone_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geone-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>În zona de vest, peisajul constă mai ales din faleze abrupte, dealuri și munți.<sup id="cite_ref-geone_88-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geone-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Câmpiile din centru sunt acoperite cu depozite glaciale de argile și nisip, precum și de zone mlăștinoase întinse și câteva lacuri. Cel mai înalt punct este <a href="/wiki/Carrauntoohil" title="Carrauntoohil">Carrauntoohil</a> (1.038 m), aflat în lanțul muntos <a href="/w/index.php?title=Macgillycuddy%27s_Reeks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macgillycuddy's Reeks — pagină inexistentă">Macgillycuddy's Reeks</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macgillycuddy%27s_Reeks" class="extiw" title="en:Macgillycuddy's Reeks"><span title="„Macgillycuddy's Reeks” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Macgillycuddy%27s+Reeks&targettitle=Macgillycuddy%27s+Reeks">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> din sud-vest.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A2ul_Shannon" title="Râul Shannon">Râul Shannon</a>, care străbate câmpia centrală, este cel mai lung râu din Irlanda, cu o lungime de 386 km.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coasta vestică este mai accidentată ca cea estică, cu numeroase insule, peninsule, capuri și golfuri. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Deciduous_woodland_by_the_Owengarriff_River_-_geograph.org.uk_-_449903.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Deciduous_woodland_by_the_Owengarriff_River_-_geograph.org.uk_-_449903.jpg/220px-Deciduous_woodland_by_the_Owengarriff_River_-_geograph.org.uk_-_449903.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Deciduous_woodland_by_the_Owengarriff_River_-_geograph.org.uk_-_449903.jpg/330px-Deciduous_woodland_by_the_Owengarriff_River_-_geograph.org.uk_-_449903.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Deciduous_woodland_by_the_Owengarriff_River_-_geograph.org.uk_-_449903.jpg/440px-Deciduous_woodland_by_the_Owengarriff_River_-_geograph.org.uk_-_449903.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>Pădure de foioase în <a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Kerry" title="Comitatul Kerry">comitatul Kerry</a> cu pământul acoperit de <a href="/wiki/Leurd%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Leurdă">leurdă</a> (usturoi sălbatic)</figcaption></figure> <p>Înainte de sosirea primilor coloniști în Irlanda acum 9.000 de ani, teritoriul era acoperit mai ales de păduri de <a href="/wiki/Stejar" title="Stejar">stejar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frasin" title="Frasin">frasin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulm" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulm">ulm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alun" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Alun">alun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tis%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Tisă">tisă</a>, și alți arbori indigeni.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apariția <a href="/wiki/Turb%C4%83rie" title="Turbărie">turbăriilor</a> și defrișarea unor păduri pentru a facilita agricultura sunt considerate a fi principalele cauze ale <a href="/wiki/Desp%C4%83durire" class="mw-redirect" title="Despădurire">despăduririi</a> din secolele ce au urmat. Astăzi, circa 12% din suprafața Irlandei este împădurită, dintre care marea majoritate este formată mai ales din plantații de <a href="/wiki/Conifer" class="mw-redirect" title="Conifer">conifere</a> naturalizate pentru scopuri comerciale.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Condițiile ideale de sol, precipitațiile abundente și clima blândă dau Irlandei cele mai ridicate rate de creștere a pădurilor din Europa.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Șirurile de copaci utilizate prin tradiție pentru a defini limitele proprietăților sunt un important înlocuitor pentru habitatul forestier, reprezentând un refugiu pentru flora sălbatică și pentru numeroase specii de insecte, păsări și mamifere.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Glendalough.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Glendalough.jpg/220px-Glendalough.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Glendalough.jpg/330px-Glendalough.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Glendalough.jpg/440px-Glendalough.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Valea <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glendalough&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glendalough — pagină inexistentă">Glendalough</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glendalough" class="extiw" title="en:Glendalough"><span title="„Glendalough” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Glendalough&targettitle=Glendalough">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> din <a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Wicklow" title="Comitatul Wicklow">comitatul Wicklow</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Agricultura" class="mw-redirect" title="Agricultura">Agricultura</a> se practică pe circa 64% din suprafața totală a țării.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aceasta a avut ca rezultat limitarea suprafețelor în care se conservă habitate naturale, mai ales pentru mamiferele sălbatice mari care au necesități teritoriale mai mari.<sup id="cite_ref-land_cover_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-land_cover-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lunga istorie de producție agricolă cuplată cu metodele moderne de agricultură, cum ar fi utilizarea de <a href="/wiki/Pesticid" title="Pesticid">pesticide</a> și <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Engr%C4%83%C8%99%C4%83m%C3%A2nt" title="Îngrășământ">îngrășăminte</a>, a pus o mare presiune pe <a href="/wiki/Biodiversitate" title="Biodiversitate">biodiversitate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clima">Clima</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifică secțiunea: Clima" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Clima"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Oceanul_Atlantic" title="Oceanul Atlantic">Oceanul Atlantic</a> și influența <a href="/wiki/Curentul_Golfului" title="Curentul Golfului">Curentului Golfului</a> afectează vremea și clima în Irlanda.<sup id="cite_ref-climate_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-climate-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Temperaturile prezintă variații regionale, zonele centrale și estice tinzând să aibă temperaturi mai extreme. Datorită climei temperat-oceanice, temperaturile scad rareori sub −5 °C iarna și nu cresc peste 26 °C vara.<sup id="cite_ref-irishclimate_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irishclimate-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cea mai ridicată temperatură înregistrată vreodată în Irlanda a fost de 33,3 °C la 26 iunie 1887 la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Castelul_Kilkenny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castelul Kilkenny — pagină inexistentă">castelul Kilkenny</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny_Castle" class="extiw" title="en:Kilkenny Castle"><span title="„Kilkenny Castle” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Kilkenny+Castle&targettitle=castelul+Kilkenny">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> din Kilkenny, în timp ce minima istorică națională este de −19,1 °C înregistrată la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Castelul_Markree&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castelul Markree — pagină inexistentă">castelul Markree</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markree_Castle" class="extiw" title="en:Markree Castle"><span title="„Markree Castle” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Markree+Castle&targettitle=castelul+Markree">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> din Sligo.<sup id="cite_ref-metie_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metie-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Precipitațiile sunt mai abundente în lunile de iarnă și mai rare în cele de vară. Zonele sudice au parte de cea mai multă ploaie, ca urmare a vânturilor dinspre sud-vest, iar <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublinul</a> este polul secetei. Mai multe zile însorite sunt în sud-estul țării.<sup id="cite_ref-climate_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-climate-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nordul și vestul extrem sunt două dintre cele mai vântoase regiuni ale Europei, cu mare potențial pentru producția de <a href="/wiki/Energie_eolian%C4%83" title="Energie eoliană">energie eoliană</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-winds_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-winds-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politică"><span id="Politic.C4.83"></span>Politică</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifică secțiunea: Politică" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Politică"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso">Articol principal: <a href="/wiki/Politica_Irlandei" title="Politica Irlandei">Politica Irlandei</a>.</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16505893">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .rellink{display:flex}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .rellink{display:flex}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r13393782/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:left;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption-center{text-align:center;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:187px;max-width:187px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:261px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:2022_Michael_D._Higgins_(51988246304)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/2022_Michael_D._Higgins_%2851988246304%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/185px-2022_Michael_D._Higgins_%2851988246304%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/2022_Michael_D._Higgins_%2851988246304%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/278px-2022_Michael_D._Higgins_%2851988246304%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/2022_Michael_D._Higgins_%2851988246304%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/370px-2022_Michael_D._Higgins_%2851988246304%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="547" data-file-height="771" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:201px;max-width:201px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:261px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Leo_Varadkar_TD_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Leo_Varadkar_TD_%28cropped%29.jpg/199px-Leo_Varadkar_TD_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="199" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Leo_Varadkar_TD_%28cropped%29.jpg/299px-Leo_Varadkar_TD_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Leo_Varadkar_TD_%28cropped%29.jpg/398px-Leo_Varadkar_TD_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1396" data-file-height="1834" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="thumbcaption" style="background-color:transparent;color:var(--color-base, #000)">Președintele <a href="/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins">Michael D. Higgins</a>; și <span lang="ga" style="font-style:italic">taoiseach</span> <a href="/wiki/Leo_Varadkar" title="Leo Varadkar">Leo Varadkar</a></div></div></div></div> <p>Irlanda este o republică parlamentară. <a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" class="mw-redirect" title="Oireachtas">Oireachtas</a> este legislativul național <a href="/wiki/Bicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicameral">bicameral</a>, compus din cele două camere: <a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann">Senatul</a> (în <a href="/wiki/Limba_irlandez%C4%83" title="Limba irlandeză">irlandeză</a> <i>Seanad Éireann</i>) și <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil Éireann</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reședința oficială a președintelui Irlandei este <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81ras_an_Uachtar%C3%A1in&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Áras an Uachtaráin — pagină inexistentă">Áras an Uachtaráin</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81ras_an_Uachtar%C3%A1in" class="extiw" title="en:Áras an Uachtaráin"><span title="„Áras an Uachtaráin” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=%C3%81ras+an+Uachtar%C3%A1in&targettitle=%C3%81ras+an+Uachtar%C3%A1in">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>,<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> iar camerele parlamentului se întrunesc la <a href="/wiki/Leinster_House" title="Leinster House">Leinster House</a> din <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Președintele este șeful statului și este ales pentru un mandat de șapte ani, numărul maxim de mandate fiind de două. Președintele are rol decorativ, având însă și câteva puteri constituționale în cadrul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Consiliul_de_Stat_(Irlanda)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Consiliul de Stat (Irlanda) — pagină inexistentă">Consiliului de Stat</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_(Ireland)" class="extiw" title="en:Council of State (Ireland)"><span title="„Council of State (Ireland)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Council+of+State+%28Ireland%29&targettitle=Consiliul+de+Stat+%28Irlanda%29">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>. Funcția sa are discreție absolută în unele zone, cum ar fi contestarea constituționalității unor propuneri de legi la Curta Supremă.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins">Michael D. Higgins</a> este al nouălea președinte al Irlandei începând cu 11 noiembrie 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Funcția de șef al guvernului se numește <a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Taoiseach</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-point_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-point-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Acesta este numit în funcție de președinte după nominalizarea sa de către <i>Dáil</i>. <i>Taoisigh</i> sunt de obicei liderul partidului cu cele mai multe locuri în legislativ obținute prin alegerile naționale. A devenit frecventă practica formării de <a href="/wiki/Guvern_de_coali%C8%9Bie" title="Guvern de coaliție">guverne de coaliție</a>, întrucât din 1989 niciun singur partid nu a mai obținut o majoritate.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enda_Kenny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enda Kenny — pagină inexistentă">Enda Kenny</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enda_Kenny" class="extiw" title="en:Enda Kenny"><span title="„Enda Kenny” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Enda+Kenny&targettitle=Enda+Kenny">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> a preluat funcția de Taoiseach la 9 martie 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-Coalition_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coalition-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Senatul are șaizeci de membri, dintre care unsprezece sunt numiți de Taoiseach, șase sunt aleși de două universități și 43 sunt aleși de reprezentanți ai publicului din liste de candidați alcătuite pe criterii vocaționale.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dáil are 158 de membri aleși pe liste electorale pe circumscripții printr-un sistem de reprezentare proporțională<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> și prin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vot_unic_transferabil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vot unic transferabil — pagină inexistentă">vot unic transferabil</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/single_transferable_vote" class="extiw" title="en:single transferable vote"><span title="„single transferable vote” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=single+transferable+vote&targettitle=vot+unic+transferabil">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>. </p><p>Guvernul are numărul de membri limitat prin Constituție la cincisprezece.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cel mult doi membri au voie să fie senatori,<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> iar <i>Taoiseach</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A1naiste&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tánaiste — pagină inexistentă">Tánaiste</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1naiste" class="extiw" title="ga:Tánaiste"><span title="„Tánaiste” la Wikipedia în irlandeză">ga</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=ga&page=T%C3%A1naiste&targettitle=T%C3%A1naiste">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> (vice-prim ministrul) și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministrul_de_finan%C8%9Be_al_Irlandei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministrul de finanțe al Irlandei — pagină inexistentă">ministrul de finanțe</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_for_Finance_(Ireland)" class="extiw" title="en:Minister for Finance (Ireland)"><span title="„Minister for Finance (Ireland)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Minister+for+Finance+%28Ireland%29&targettitle=Ministrul+de+finan%C8%9Be+al+Irlandei">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> trebuie să fie neapărat aleși în Dáil.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dáil trebuie dizolvată în termen de cinci ani de la prima sa întrunire,<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> și alegerile generale pentru Dáil trebuie să aibă loc cel târziu la treizeci de zile după dizolvare. Conform <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitu%C8%9Bia_Irlandei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constituția Irlandei — pagină inexistentă">Constituției Irlandei</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Ireland" class="extiw" title="en:Constitution of Ireland"><span title="„Constitution of Ireland” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Constitution+of+Ireland&targettitle=Constitu%C8%9Bia+Irlandei">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, alegerile legislative trebuie să se țină la cel mult șapte ani, deși legea statutară poate stabili o limită mai strictă. Guvernul actual este unul minoritar format de <a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">Fine Gael</a>, cu Leo Varadkar ca <i>Taoiseach</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-taoiseachg_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taoiseachg-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alte partide care fac parte în prezent din legislativ sunt <a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partidul_Laburist_(Irlanda)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partidul Laburist (Irlanda) — pagină inexistentă">Partidul Laburist</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" class="extiw" title="en:Labour Party (Ireland)"><span title="„Labour Party (Ireland)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Labour+Party+%28Ireland%29&targettitle=Partidul+Laburist+%28Irlanda%29">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Solidaritate%E2%80%93Oamenii_%C3%AEnaintea_Profitului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solidaritate–Oamenii înaintea Profitului — pagină inexistentă">Solidaritate–Oamenii înaintea Profitului</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solidaritate%E2%80%93People_before_Profit" class="extiw" title="en:Solidaritate–People before Profit"><span title="„Solidaritate–People before Profit” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Solidaritate%E2%80%93People+before+Profit&targettitle=Solidaritate%E2%80%93Oamenii+%C3%AEnaintea+Profitului">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Independents_4_Change&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Independents 4 Change — pagină inexistentă">Independents 4 Change</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independents_4_Change" class="extiw" title="en:Independents 4 Change"><span title="„Independents 4 Change” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Independents+4+Change&targettitle=Independents+4+Change">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Democra%C8%9Bii_(Irlanda)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social Democrații (Irlanda) — pagină inexistentă">Social Democrații</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Democrats_(Ireland)" class="extiw" title="en:Social Democrats (Ireland)"><span title="„Social Democrats (Ireland)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Social+Democrats+%28Ireland%29&targettitle=Social+Democra%C8%9Bii+%28Irlanda%29">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partidul_Verde_(Irlanda)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partidul Verde (Irlanda) — pagină inexistentă">Partidul Verde</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Party_(Ireland)" class="extiw" title="en:Green Party (Ireland)"><span title="„Green Party (Ireland)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Green+Party+%28Ireland%29&targettitle=Partidul+Verde+%28Irlanda%29">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Renua_Irlanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Renua Irlanda — pagină inexistentă">Renua Irlanda</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renua_Ireland" class="extiw" title="en:Renua Ireland"><span title="„Renua Ireland” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Renua+Ireland&targettitle=Renua+Irlanda">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Government_Buildings,_Dublin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Government_Buildings%2C_Dublin.jpg/220px-Government_Buildings%2C_Dublin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Government_Buildings%2C_Dublin.jpg/330px-Government_Buildings%2C_Dublin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Government_Buildings%2C_Dublin.jpg/440px-Government_Buildings%2C_Dublin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2518" data-file-height="1888" /></a><figcaption>Guvernul</figcaption></figure> <p>Irlanda este stat membru al Uniunii Europene din 1973, dar a ales să rămână în afara <a href="/wiki/Spa%C8%9Biul_Schengen" title="Spațiul Schengen">Spațiului Schengen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frontiera cu Regatul Unit poate fi traversată liber fără pașaport datorită <a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Travel_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Common Travel Area — pagină inexistentă">Common Travel Area</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Travel_Area" class="extiw" title="en:Common Travel Area"><span title="„Common Travel Area” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Common+Travel+Area&targettitle=Common+Travel+Area">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, o zonă cu statut similar spațiului Schengen, formată din insulele Irlanda, Marea Britanie, <a href="/wiki/Insula_Man" title="Insula Man">Insula Man</a> și <a href="/wiki/Insulele_Canalului" title="Insulele Canalului">Insulele Canalului</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-citinfo_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citinfo-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Se practică însă legitimarea călătorilor în porturi și aeroporturi.<sup id="cite_ref-citinfo_119-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citinfo-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrația_locală"><span id="Administra.C8.9Bia_local.C4.83"></span>Administrația locală</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifică secțiunea: Administrația locală" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Administrația locală"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Documentul fondator al actualului sistem de administrație publică locală este <a href="/w/index.php?title=Legea_Guvern%C4%83rii_Locale_(Irlanda)_din_1898&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legea Guvernării Locale (Irlanda) din 1898 — pagină inexistentă">Legea Guvernării Locale din 1898</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Government_(Ireland)_Act_1898" class="extiw" title="en:Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898"><span title="„Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Local+Government+%28Ireland%29+Act+1898&targettitle=Legea+Guvern%C4%83rii+Locale+%28Irlanda%29+din+1898">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>,<sup id="cite_ref-LocalGovReform2014_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LocalGovReform2014-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ea fiind recunoscută oficial prin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_dou%C4%83zecilea_amendament_la_Constitu%C8%9Bia_Irlandei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al douăzecilea amendament la Constituția Irlandei — pagină inexistentă">al douăzecilea amendament la Constituția Irlandei</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twentieth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_Ireland" class="extiw" title="en:Twentieth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland"><span title="„Twentieth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Twentieth+Amendment+of+the+Constitution+of+Ireland&targettitle=al+dou%C4%83zecilea+amendament+la+Constitu%C8%9Bia+Irlandei">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> adoptat în 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cele douăzeci și șase de <a href="/wiki/Comitatele_Irlandei" title="Comitatele Irlandei">comitate istorice</a> nu se suprapun perfect peste diviziunile administrative locale, deși sunt utilizate de populația locală drept cadru de referință. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Legea_de_Reformare_a_Guvern%C4%83rii_Locale_din_2014&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legea de Reformare a Guvernării Locale din 2014 — pagină inexistentă">Legea de Reformare a Guvernării Locale din 2014</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Government_Reform_Act_2014" class="extiw" title="en:Local Government Reform Act 2014"><span title="„Local Government Reform Act 2014” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Local+Government+Reform+Act+2014&targettitle=Legea+de+Reformare+a+Guvern%C4%83rii+Locale+din+2014">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> împarte țara în treizeci și una de unități administrative, dintre care douăzeci și șase sunt comitate, două sunt orașe-comitate și trei orașe.<sup id="cite_ref-LocalGovReform2014_120-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LocalGovReform2014-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Acestea (cu excepția Regiunii Dublin și a celor trei orașe-comitat) sunt împărțite în districte municipale, ceea ce a înlocuit vechiul sistem de consilii locale. </p> <div style="text-align:center"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <table style="margin:auto;" cellpadding="10"> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Ireland_Administrative_Counties.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Ireland_Administrative_Counties.svg/250px-Ireland_Administrative_Counties.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Ireland_Administrative_Counties.svg/375px-Ireland_Administrative_Counties.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Ireland_Administrative_Counties.svg/500px-Ireland_Administrative_Counties.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="890" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="font-size: 85%; font-weight:bold;"> <ol><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comitatul_Fingal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comitatul Fingal — pagină inexistentă">Fingal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">orașul Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comitatul_D%C3%BAn_Laoghaire%E2%80%93Rathdown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comitatul Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown — pagină inexistentă">Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comitatul_South_Dublin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comitatul South Dublin — pagină inexistentă">South Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Wicklow" title="Comitatul Wicklow">Wicklow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Wexford" title="Comitatul Wexford">Wexford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Carlow" title="Comitatul Carlow">Carlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Kildare" title="Comitatul Kildare">Kildare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Meath" title="Comitatul Meath">Meath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Louth" title="Comitatul Louth">Louth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Monaghan" title="Comitatul Monaghan">Monaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Cavan" title="Comitatul Cavan">Cavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Longford" title="Comitatul Longford">Longford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Westmeath" title="Comitatul Westmeath">Westmeath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Offaly" title="Comitatul Offaly">Offaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Laois" title="Comitatul Laois">Laois</a></li></ol> </td> <td style="font-size: 85%; font-weight:bold;"><ol start="17"> <li><a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Kilkenny" title="Comitatul Kilkenny">Kilkenny</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ora%C8%99ul-comitat_Waterford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orașul-comitat Waterford — pagină inexistentă">Waterford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cork" title="Cork">orașul Cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Cork" title="Comitatul Cork">Cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Kerry" title="Comitatul Kerry">Kerry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ora%C8%99ul-comitat_Limerick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orașul-comitat Limerick — pagină inexistentă">Limerick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Tipperary" title="Comitatul Tipperary">Tipperary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Clare" title="Comitatul Clare">Clare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Galway" title="Comitatul Galway">Galway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galway" title="Galway">orașul Galway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Mayo" title="Comitatul Mayo">Mayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Roscommon" title="Comitatul Roscommon">Roscommon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Sligo" title="Comitatul Sligo">Sligo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Leitrim" title="Comitatul Leitrim">Leitrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Donegal" title="Comitatul Donegal">Donegal</a></li> </ol> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <p>Autoritățile locale sunt însărcinate cu chestiuni cum ar fi planificarea teritoriului, administrarea drumurilor locale, rețelele de canalizare și bibliotecile publice.<sup id="cite_ref-point_106-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-point-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Circumscripțiile electorale pentru Dáil sunt obligate să urmeze pe cât posibil limitele de comitat. Comitatele cu populații mai mari au mai multe circumscripții, altele cuprind mai multe comitate, dar în general nu întretaie limitele comitatelor. Comitatele sunt grupate în opt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Regiunile_Irlandei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regiunile Irlandei — pagină inexistentă">regiuni</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regions_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="extiw" title="en:Regions of the Republic of Ireland"><span title="„Regions of the Republic of Ireland” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Regions+of+the+Republic+of+Ireland&targettitle=Regiunile+Irlandei">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, fiecare având o Autoritate Regională formată din membri delegați de diferitele comitate și orașe din regiune.<sup id="cite_ref-IrishRegionsOffice_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IrishRegionsOffice-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regiunile nu au niciun rol administrativ, ele fiind utile pentru coordonarea politicilor locale și în scopuri statistice. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Justiția"><span id="Justi.C8.9Bia"></span>Justiția</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifică secțiunea: Justiția" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Justiția"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:The_Four_Courts_Building_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3668.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/The_Four_Courts_Building_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3668.jpg/220px-The_Four_Courts_Building_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3668.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/The_Four_Courts_Building_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3668.jpg/330px-The_Four_Courts_Building_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3668.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/The_Four_Courts_Building_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3668.jpg/440px-The_Four_Courts_Building_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3668.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Four_Courts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Four Courts — pagină inexistentă">Four Courts</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Courts" class="extiw" title="en:Four Courts"><span title="„Four Courts” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Four+Courts&targettitle=Four+Courts">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, clădire terminată în 1802, este sediul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Curtea_Suprem%C4%83_a_Irlandei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curtea Supremă a Irlandei — pagină inexistentă">Curții Supreme</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_(Ireland)" class="extiw" title="en:Supreme Court (Ireland)"><span title="„Supreme Court (Ireland)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Supreme+Court+%28Ireland%29&targettitle=Curtea+Suprem%C4%83+a+Irlandei">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, al <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Enalta_Curte_(Irlanda)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Înalta Curte (Irlanda) — pagină inexistentă">Înaltei Curți</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Court_(Ireland)" class="extiw" title="en:High Court (Ireland)"><span title="„High Court (Ireland)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=High+Court+%28Ireland%29&targettitle=%C3%8Enalta+Curte+%28Irlanda%29">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și al <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tribunal_de_Circuit_(Irlanda)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tribunal de Circuit (Irlanda) — pagină inexistentă">Tribunalului de Circuit Dublin</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_Court_(Ireland)" class="extiw" title="en:Circuit Court (Ireland)"><span title="„Circuit Court (Ireland)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Circuit+Court+%28Ireland%29&targettitle=Tribunal+de+Circuit+%28Irlanda%29">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Irlanda are un sistem de justiție bazat pe <a href="/wiki/Drept_jurispruden%C8%9Bial" class="mw-redirect" title="Drept jurisprudențial">dreptul comun</a>, cu o constituție scrisă care face țara să funcționeze ca o <a href="/wiki/Democra%C8%9Bie_parlamentar%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Democrație parlamentară">democrație parlamentară</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-point_106-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-point-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sistemul judiciar este format din <a href="/w/index.php?title=Curtea_Suprem%C4%83_a_Irlandei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curtea Supremă a Irlandei — pagină inexistentă">Curtea Supremă</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_(Ireland)" class="extiw" title="en:Supreme Court (Ireland)"><span title="„Supreme Court (Ireland)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Supreme+Court+%28Ireland%29&targettitle=Curtea+Suprem%C4%83+a+Irlandei">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Curtea_Penal%C4%83_de_Apel_(Irlanda)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curtea Penală de Apel (Irlanda) — pagină inexistentă">Curtea Penală de Apel</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Court_of_Criminal_Appeal_(Ireland)" class="extiw" title="en:Court of Criminal Appeal (Ireland)"><span title="„Court of Criminal Appeal (Ireland)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Court+of+Criminal+Appeal+%28Ireland%29&targettitle=Curtea+Penal%C4%83+de+Apel+%28Irlanda%29">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Enalta_Curte_(Irlanda)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Înalta Curte (Irlanda) — pagină inexistentă">Înalta Curte</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Court_(Ireland)" class="extiw" title="en:High Court (Ireland)"><span title="„High Court (Ireland)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=High+Court+%28Ireland%29&targettitle=%C3%8Enalta+Curte+%28Irlanda%29">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tribunal_de_Circuit_(Irlanda)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tribunal de Circuit (Irlanda) — pagină inexistentă">Tribunalele de Circuit</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_Court_(Ireland)" class="extiw" title="en:Circuit Court (Ireland)"><span title="„Circuit Court (Ireland)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Circuit+Court+%28Ireland%29&targettitle=Tribunal+de+Circuit+%28Irlanda%29">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tribunal_Districtual_(Irlanda)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tribunal Districtual (Irlanda) — pagină inexistentă">Tribunalele Districtuale</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/District_Court_(Ireland)" class="extiw" title="en:District Court (Ireland)"><span title="„District Court (Ireland)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=District+Court+%28Ireland%29&targettitle=Tribunal+Districtual+%28Irlanda%29">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>. Procesele în care sunt judecate acuzații grave trebuie ținute în fața unui juriu. Înalta Curte și Curtea Supremă au autoritate de control judiciar și pot determina compatibilitatea legilor și activității altor instituții ale statului cu Constituția și cu celelalte legi. Cu excepția unor cazuri excepționale, lucrările instanțelor trebuie să fie publice. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Curtea_Penal%C4%83_de_Justi%C8%9Bie_(Dublin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curtea Penală de Justiție (Dublin) — pagină inexistentă">Curtea Penală de Justiție</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_Courts_of_Justice_(Dublin)" class="extiw" title="en:Criminal Courts of Justice (Dublin)"><span title="„Criminal Courts of Justice (Dublin)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Criminal+Courts+of+Justice+%28Dublin%29&targettitle=Curtea+Penal%C4%83+de+Justi%C8%9Bie+%28Dublin%29">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> este clădirea în care își au sediul cele mai importante instanțe penale.<sup id="cite_ref-it-first-case-new-courts_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-it-first-case-new-courts-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-independent-pantheon_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent-pantheon-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ea cuprinde Tribunalul Districtual Metropolitan Dublin, Curtea Penală de Apel, Curtea Penală de Circuit Dublin și Curtea Penală Centrală.<sup id="cite_ref-it-first-case-new-courts_123-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-it-first-case-new-courts-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:CriminalCourtofJusticeDublin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/CriminalCourtofJusticeDublin.jpg/220px-CriminalCourtofJusticeDublin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/CriminalCourtofJusticeDublin.jpg/330px-CriminalCourtofJusticeDublin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/CriminalCourtofJusticeDublin.jpg/440px-CriminalCourtofJusticeDublin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curtea_Penal%C4%83_de_Justi%C8%9Bie_(Dublin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curtea Penală de Justiție (Dublin) — pagină inexistentă">Curtea Penală de Justiție</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_Courts_of_Justice_(Dublin)" class="extiw" title="en:Criminal Courts of Justice (Dublin)"><span title="„Criminal Courts of Justice (Dublin)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Criminal+Courts+of+Justice+%28Dublin%29&targettitle=Curtea+Penal%C4%83+de+Justi%C8%9Bie+%28Dublin%29">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garda_S%C3%ADoch%C3%A1na&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garda Síochána — pagină inexistentă">Garda Síochána na hÉireann</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garda_S%C3%ADoch%C3%A1na" class="extiw" title="en:Garda Síochána"><span title="„Garda Síochána” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Garda+S%C3%ADoch%C3%A1na&targettitle=Garda+S%C3%ADoch%C3%A1na">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, denumită colocvial <i>Gardaí</i>, este forța civilă de poliție a țării. Ea este condusă de Comisarul pentru Garda, numit de guvern. Majoritatea polițiștilor în uniformă nu poartă arme de foc, ei fiind de regulă echipați doar cu bastoane de cauciuc și spray paralizant.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Poliția Militară este corpul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Armata_Irlandez%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armata Irlandeză — pagină inexistentă">Armatei Irlandeze</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Army" class="extiw" title="en:Irish Army"><span title="„Irish Army” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Irish+Army&targettitle=Armata+Irlandez%C4%83">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> care anchetează personalul militar și asistă la aplicarea regulamentelor militare în timpul exercițiului și desfășurării trupelor. Pe timp de război, ea funcționează și pentru controlul traficului pentru a permite desfășurarea rapidă a forțelor, dar și controlul refugiaților și prizonierilor de război.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Legile cetățeniei Irlandei se referă la „insula Irlanda”, cuprinzând și insulele mai mici din mările din jur, ceea ce o face aplicabilă și în <a href="/wiki/Irlanda_de_Nord" title="Irlanda de Nord">Irlanda de Nord</a>, parte a <a href="/wiki/Regatul_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Regatul Unit">Regatului Unit</a>. Astfel, persoanele născute în Irlanda de Nord din părinți cetățeni britanici sau irlandezi, sau care au drept de rezidență pe insula Irlanda,<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pot cere cetățenie irlandeză și pașaport irlandez.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relațiile_externe"><span id="Rela.C8.9Biile_externe"></span>Relațiile externe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifică secțiunea: Relațiile externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Relațiile externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Relațiile externe sunt substanțial influențate de statutul de membru al Uniunii Europene, deși sunt importante și relațiile bilaterale cu Statele Unite și cu Regatul Unit.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Irlanda a deținut <a href="/wiki/Pre%C8%99edin%C8%9Bia_Consiliului_Uniunii_Europene" title="Președinția Consiliului Uniunii Europene">președinția Consiliului Uniunii Europene</a> de șase ori, cel mai recent în perioada ianuarie–iunie 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> Irlanda are o tendință independentă în politica externă, ea nefiind membră <a href="/wiki/NATO" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO">NATO</a>, și duce o veche politică de neutralitate. Această politică a ajutat <a href="/w/index.php?title=For%C8%9Bele_Irlandeze_de_Ap%C4%83rare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forțele Irlandeze de Apărare — pagină inexistentă">Forțele Irlandeze de Apărare</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Defence_Forces" class="extiw" title="en:Irish Defence Forces"><span title="„Irish Defence Forces” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Irish+Defence+Forces&targettitle=For%C8%9Bele+Irlandeze+de+Ap%C4%83rare">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> să aibă succes în contribuțiile aduse la misiunile de menținere a păcii desfășurate sub egida ONU începând cu 1960, în <a href="/wiki/Criza_congolez%C4%83" title="Criza congoleză">Criza din Congo</a> și apoi în <a href="/wiki/Cipru" title="Cipru">Cipru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liban" title="Liban">Liban</a> și în <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_%C8%99i_Her%C8%9Begovina" title="Bosnia și Herțegovina">Bosnia și Herțegovina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>În ciuda neutralității din <a href="/wiki/Al_Doilea_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial" title="Al Doilea Război Mondial">al Doilea Război Mondial</a>, Irlanda a avut peste 50.000 de participanți la război, înrolați ca voluntari în armata britanică.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În timpul <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboiului_Rece" class="mw-redirect" title="Războiului Rece">Războiului Rece</a>, politica militară a Irlandei, deși neutră la nivel declarativ, a fost apropiată de NATO.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În timpul <a href="/wiki/Criza_rachetelor_cubaneze" title="Criza rachetelor cubaneze">Crizei Rachetelor Cubaneze</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Se%C3%A1n_Lemass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seán Lemass — pagină inexistentă">Seán Lemass</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Lemass" class="extiw" title="en:Seán Lemass"><span title="„Seán Lemass” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Se%C3%A1n+Lemass&targettitle=Se%C3%A1n+Lemass">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> a autorizat căutarea de aeronave cubaneze și cehoslovace prin Shannon și a transmis informațiile obținute către <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Infrastructura aeriană a Irlandei este utilizată de armata americană pentru aducerea de personal militar în Irak prin <a href="/wiki/Aeroportul_Shannon" title="Aeroportul Shannon">Aeroportul Shannon</a>. Acesta a fost utilizat și în timpul <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_din_Afganistan_(2001-prezent)" class="mw-redirect" title="Războiul din Afganistan (2001-prezent)">invaziei Afganistanului</a> din 2001, precum și în <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_din_Golf" title="Războiul din Golf">Primul Război din Golf</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Din 1999, Irlanda este membră a programului NATO <a href="/wiki/Parteneriatul_pentru_Pace" title="Parteneriatul pentru Pace">Parteneriatul pentru Pace</a>, care are ca scop dezvoltarea încrederii între NATO și statele Europei și fostei Uniuni Sovietice.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armata">Armata</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifică secțiunea: Armata" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Armata"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Irish_Army_Mowag_Piranha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Irish_Army_Mowag_Piranha.jpg/220px-Irish_Army_Mowag_Piranha.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Irish_Army_Mowag_Piranha.jpg/330px-Irish_Army_Mowag_Piranha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Irish_Army_Mowag_Piranha.jpg/440px-Irish_Army_Mowag_Piranha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="841" data-file-height="562" /></a><figcaption>Vehicul blindat <a href="/wiki/Mowag_Piranha" title="Mowag Piranha">Mowag Piranha</a> aparținând Armatei Irlandeze la parada militară de Paști din 2006 de la <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Forțele de Apărare sunt compuse din <a href="/w/index.php?title=Armata_Irlandez%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armata Irlandeză — pagină inexistentă">Armată</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Army" class="extiw" title="en:Irish Army"><span title="„Irish Army” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Irish+Army&targettitle=Armata+Irlandez%C4%83">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serviciul_Naval_Irlandez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serviciul Naval Irlandez — pagină inexistentă">Serviciul Naval</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Naval_Service" class="extiw" title="en:Irish Naval Service"><span title="„Irish Naval Service” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Irish+Naval+Service&targettitle=Serviciul+Naval+Irlandez">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corpul_Aerian_Irlandez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corpul Aerian Irlandez — pagină inexistentă">Corpul Aerian</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Air_Corps" class="extiw" title="en:Irish Air Corps"><span title="„Irish Air Corps” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Irish+Air+Corps&targettitle=Corpul+Aerian+Irlandez">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=For%C8%9Ba_de_Ap%C4%83rare_de_Rezerv%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forța de Apărare de Rezervă — pagină inexistentă">Forța de Apărare de Rezervă</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reserve_Defence_Forces" class="extiw" title="en:Reserve Defence Forces"><span title="„Reserve Defence Forces” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Reserve+Defence+Forces&targettitle=For%C8%9Ba+de+Ap%C4%83rare+de+Rezerv%C4%83">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>. Este mică, dar bine echipată, cu circa 10.000 de militari profesioniști angajați permanent.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Irlanda este o <a href="/wiki/Stat_neutru" title="Stat neutru">țară neutră</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> și are regulamente cu triplă activare privind participarea armatei în zone de conflict, prin care trebuie să existe aprobare de la ONU, de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A1il&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dáil — pagină inexistentă">Dáil</a> și de la Guvern.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Desfășurările cotidiene ale Forțelor de Apărare acoperă operațiuni de susținere a guvernului civil, protecția și patrularea apelor teritoriale irlandeze și a zonei economice exclusive de către Serviciul Naval, precum și misiuni de menținere a păcii sub egida ONU, UE și <a href="/wiki/Parteneriatul_pentru_Pace" title="Parteneriatul pentru Pace">PpP</a>. Până în 1996, peste 40.000 de militari irlandezi au activat în misiuni internaționale de menținere a păcii sub egida ONU.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Corpul Aerian este componenta aeriană a Forțelor de Apărare și funcționează cu șaisprezece aparate de zbor cu aripi fixe și opt elicoptere.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Serviciul Naval este marina irlandeză și are opt vase de patrulare<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> și câteva bărci gonflabile și vase de antrenament, având echipaje de abordaj foarte bine pregătite, capabile de a prelua controlul unui vas, precum și o unitate specială de <a href="/wiki/Scufundare_militar%C4%83" title="Scufundare militară">scafandri</a>. Deși Serviciul Naval nu are vase grele de luptă, toate vasele irlandeze au putere de foc destul de mare. Armata cuprinde și Forțele de Apărare de Rezervă (cu două componente, pentru armată și serviciul naval) pentru rezerviști. Forțele speciale ale Irlandei sunt unitățile de elită ale <a href="/w/index.php?title=Army_Ranger_Wing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Army Ranger Wing — pagină inexistentă">Army Ranger Wing</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_Ranger_Wing" class="extiw" title="en:Army Ranger Wing"><span title="„Army Ranger Wing” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Army+Ranger+Wing&targettitle=Army+Ranger+Wing">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, care antrenează și operează cu unități internaționale speciale.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Președintele este comandant suprem al Forțelor de Apărare, dar în practică el răspunde în fața Guvernului prin intermediul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministrul_Ap%C4%83r%C4%83rii_(Irlanda)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministrul Apărării (Irlanda) — pagină inexistentă">Ministrului Apărării</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_for_Defence_(Ireland)" class="extiw" title="en:Minister for Defence (Ireland)"><span title="„Minister for Defence (Ireland)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Minister+for+Defence+%28Ireland%29&targettitle=Ministrul+Ap%C4%83r%C4%83rii+%28Irlanda%29">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economie">Economie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modifică secțiunea: Economie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Economie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso">Articol principal: <a href="/wiki/Economia_Irlandei" title="Economia Irlandei">Economia Irlandei</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16505893"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Eurozone.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Eurozone.svg/220px-Eurozone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Eurozone.svg/330px-Eurozone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Eurozone.svg/440px-Eurozone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="456" /></a><figcaption>Irlanda face parte din piața unică a UE și din zona <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> (albastru închis).</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dezvoltare">Dezvoltare</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modifică secțiunea: Dezvoltare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Dezvoltare"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Economia irlandeză s-a transformat din anii 1980 dintr-una predominant agrară într-o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economie_a_cunoa%C8%99terii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economie a cunoașterii — pagină inexistentă">economie modernă a cunoașterii</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/knowledge_economy" class="extiw" title="en:knowledge economy"><span title="„knowledge economy” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=knowledge+economy&targettitle=Economie+a+cunoa%C8%99terii">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> concentrată pe industrii și servicii de înaltă tehnologie. Irlanda a adoptat moneda euro în 2002 împreună cu unsprezece alte state membre ale <a href="/wiki/Uniunea_European%C4%83" title="Uniunea Europeană">Uniunii Europene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_87-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Țara se bazează foarte mult pe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Investi%C8%9Bii_str%C4%83ine_directe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Investiții străine directe — pagină inexistentă">investițiile străine directe</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Direct_Investment" class="extiw" title="en:Foreign Direct Investment"><span title="„Foreign Direct Investment” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Foreign+Direct+Investment&targettitle=Investi%C8%9Bii+str%C4%83ine+directe">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și a atras mai multe <a href="/wiki/Companie_multina%C8%9Bional%C4%83" title="Companie multinațională">corporații multinaționale</a> datorită forței de muncă bine educate și datorită impozitului pe profit redus.<sup id="cite_ref-2009forfasACR_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2009forfasACR-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Companii cum ar fi <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> au investit în Irlanda la sfârșitul anilor 1980, urmate fiind de <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> și <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>. Irlanda se clasează pe locul al optulea în clasamentul celor mai libere economii din lume, conform <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indicele_Libert%C4%83%C8%9Bii_Economice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indicele Libertății Economice — pagină inexistentă">Indicelui Libertății Economice</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_Economic_Freedom" class="extiw" title="en:Index of Economic Freedom"><span title="„Index of Economic Freedom” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Index+of+Economic+Freedom&targettitle=Indicele+Libert%C4%83%C8%9Bii+Economice">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> pe 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În termeni de <a href="/wiki/Produs_Intern_Brut" class="mw-redirect" title="Produs Intern Brut">PIB</a> pe cap de locuitor, Irlanda este una dintre cele mai bogate țări din <a href="/wiki/OECD" class="mw-redirect" title="OECD">OECD</a> și din <a href="/wiki/Uniunea_European%C4%83" title="Uniunea Europeană">UE</a>. Țara se clasează însă sub media OECD în termenii <a href="/wiki/Produs_Na%C8%9Bional_Brut" class="mw-redirect" title="Produs Național Brut">PNB</a> pe cap de locuitor. PIBul este semnificativ mai mare decât PNB-ul datorită numărului mare de corporații multinaționale cu sediul în Irlanda.<sup id="cite_ref-2009forfasACR_145-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2009forfasACR-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Începând cu primii ani din ultimul deceniu al secolului al XX-lea, țara a trecut printr-o creștere economică fără precedent alimentată de o creștere a consumului, construcțiilor și investițiilor, perioadă în care economia irlandeză a căpătat supranumele de <a href="/wiki/Tigrul_Celtic" title="Tigrul Celtic">Tigrul Celtic</a>. Ritmul de creștere a încetinit în 2007, după care s-a spart <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bul%C4%83_imobiliar%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulă imobiliară — pagină inexistentă">bula imobiliară</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Property_bubble" class="extiw" title="en:Property bubble"><span title="„Property bubble” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Property+bubble&targettitle=Bul%C4%83+imobiliar%C4%83">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> acumulată în timp s-a spart.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prăbușirea prețurilor proprietăților imobiliare a accentuat supraexpunerea economiei în domeniul construcțiilor și a contribuit la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Criza_bancar%C4%83_irlandez%C4%83_din_2008%E2%80%932014&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Criza bancară irlandeză din 2008–2014 — pagină inexistentă">o criză bancară</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%E2%80%9314_Irish_banking_crisis" class="extiw" title="en:2008–14 Irish banking crisis"><span title="„2008–14 Irish banking crisis” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=2008%E2%80%9314+Irish+banking+crisis&targettitle=Criza+bancar%C4%83+irlandez%C4%83+din+2008%E2%80%932014">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>. Irlanda a intrat oficial în <a href="/w/index.php?title=Recesiune&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recesiune — pagină inexistentă">recesiune</a> în 2008 după mai multe luni consecutive de contracție economică.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Produsul Național Brut s-a contractat cu 11.3% numai în 2009, cea mai mare scădere anuală a PNB din 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ieșirea din recesiune a avut loc în 2010, susținută de o creștere puternică a exporturilor.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Din cauza unei creșteri mari a costurilor creditelor și recapitalizărilor băncilor, Irlanda a acceptat însă un program de asistență în valoare de 85 de miliarde de euro din partea UE, <a href="/wiki/Fondul_Monetar_Interna%C8%9Bional" title="Fondul Monetar Internațional">FMI</a> și credite bilaterale de la Regatul Unit, Suedia și Danemarca.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> După trei ani de contracție economică, economia a crescut în 2011 cu 0,7% și în 2012 cu 0,9%.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rata șomajului se ridica la 14,7% în 2012, iar între imigranții recenți, la 18,5%.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În martie 2016, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rata_%C8%99omajului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rata șomajului — pagină inexistentă">rata șomajului</a> a fost raportată de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biroul_Central_de_Statistic%C4%83_(Irlanda)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biroul Central de Statistică (Irlanda) — pagină inexistentă">Biroul Central de Statistică</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Statistics_Office_(Ireland)" class="extiw" title="en:Central Statistics Office (Ireland)"><span title="„Central Statistics Office (Ireland)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Central+Statistics+Office+%28Ireland%29&targettitle=Biroul+Central+de+Statistic%C4%83+%28Irlanda%29">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> ca fiind 8,6%, în scădere de la un maxim de 15,1% atins în februarie 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>În 2013, Irlanda a fost numită de <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> „cea mai bună țară pentru făcut afaceri”.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Irlanda a ieșit din programul de asistență UE-FMI la 15 decembrie 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Implementând reduceri de costuri și reforme bugetare, și vânzând anumite bunuri, Irlanda a reușit să acceseze din nou piețele de creditare. De atunci, Irlanda a reușit să achiziționeze obligațiuni pe termen lung cu rate-record.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comerț_și_energie"><span id="Comer.C8.9B_.C8.99i_energie"></span>Comerț și energie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Modifică secțiunea: Comerț și energie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Comerț și energie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:IMG_WindfarmKilmuck1920.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/IMG_WindfarmKilmuck1920.jpg/220px-IMG_WindfarmKilmuck1920.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/IMG_WindfarmKilmuck1920.jpg/330px-IMG_WindfarmKilmuck1920.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/IMG_WindfarmKilmuck1920.jpg/440px-IMG_WindfarmKilmuck1920.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2344" /></a><figcaption>Fermă eoliană în <a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Wexford" title="Comitatul Wexford">comitatul Wexford</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Deși corporațiile multinaționale domină sectorul exporturilor din Irlanda, la venitul național mai contribuie semnificativ și exporturile din alte surse. Activitățile multinaționalelor cu sediul în Irlanda au făcut din ea unul dintre cei mai mari exportatori de agenți farmaceutici, aparatură medicală și servicii software din lume.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_87-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Exporturile Irlandei provin și de la activitățile unor mari companii irlandeze (cum ar fi <a href="/wiki/Ryanair" title="Ryanair">Ryanair</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerry_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerry Group — pagină inexistentă">Kerry Group</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerry_Group" class="extiw" title="en:Kerry Group"><span title="„Kerry Group” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Kerry+Group&targettitle=Kerry+Group">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Smurfit_Kappa_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smurfit Kappa Group — pagină inexistentă">Smurfit Kappa Group</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smurfit_Kappa_Group" class="extiw" title="en:Smurfit Kappa Group"><span title="„Smurfit Kappa Group” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Smurfit+Kappa+Group&targettitle=Smurfit+Kappa+Group">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> și exporturile de resurse minerale: Irlanda este al șaptelea cel mai mare producător de concentrați de zinc<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> și al doisprezecelea cel mai mare producător de concentrați de plumb.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Țara are și zăcăminte importante de <a href="/wiki/Gips" class="mw-redirect" title="Gips">gips</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calcar" title="Calcar">calcar</a>, și cantități mai mici de cupru, argint, aur, <a href="/wiki/Baritin%C4%83" title="Baritină">baritină</a> și <a href="/wiki/Dolomit_(mineral)" title="Dolomit (mineral)">dolomit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_87-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Turismul contribuie cu circa 4% din PNB și este o sursă importantă de locuri de muncă, cu peste 200.000 de angajați.<sup id="cite_ref-Failte_Ireland_Tourist_Numbers_161-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Failte_Ireland_Tourist_Numbers-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tourism_Ireland_-_Notes_to_Editors_162-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tourism_Ireland_-_Notes_to_Editors-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alte bunuri exportate sunt produsele agroalimentare, vitele, carnea de vită, produsele lactate,<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> plumb și aluminiul.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Importurile cele mai mari din Irlanda sunt echipamentele de prelucrare a datelor, substanțele chimice, petrolul și produsele petroliere, textilele și îmbrăcămintea.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Serviciile financiare furnizate de corporațiile multinaționale cu sediul la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Financial_Services_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irish Financial Services Centre — pagină inexistentă">Irish Financial Services Centre</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Financial_Services_Centre" class="extiw" title="en:Irish Financial Services Centre"><span title="„Irish Financial Services Centre” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Irish+Financial+Services+Centre&targettitle=Irish+Financial+Services+Centre">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> contribuie și ele la exporturile Irlandei.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Balanța comercială între exporturi (89,4 miliarde euro) și importuri (45,5 miliarde euro) avea ca rezultat un surplus anual de 43,9 miliarde de euro în 2010, cel mai mare excedent comercial relativ la PIB din toate țările membre UE.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_167-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>UE este de departe cel mai mare partener comercial al țării, către care se fac 57,9% din exporturi și din care provin 60,7% din importuri. Regatul Unit este cel mai important partener comercial din UE, primind 15,4% din exporturi și dând 32,1% din importuri. În afara UE, Statele Unite contribuie cu 23,2% din exporturi și cu 14,1% din importuri în 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_167-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Famine_sculpture_in_front_of_the_International_Financial_Services_Centre_Dublin_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Famine_sculpture_in_front_of_the_International_Financial_Services_Centre_Dublin_2006.jpg/220px-Famine_sculpture_in_front_of_the_International_Financial_Services_Centre_Dublin_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Famine_sculpture_in_front_of_the_International_Financial_Services_Centre_Dublin_2006.jpg/330px-Famine_sculpture_in_front_of_the_International_Financial_Services_Centre_Dublin_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Famine_sculpture_in_front_of_the_International_Financial_Services_Centre_Dublin_2006.jpg/440px-Famine_sculpture_in_front_of_the_International_Financial_Services_Centre_Dublin_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1760" data-file-height="1168" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Financial_Services_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irish Financial Services Centre — pagină inexistentă">Irish Financial Services Centre</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Financial_Services_Centre" class="extiw" title="en:Irish Financial Services Centre"><span title="„Irish Financial Services Centre” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Irish+Financial+Services+Centre&targettitle=Irish+Financial+Services+Centre">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> din Dublin, cu memorialul Foametei</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=ESB_Electric_Ireland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ESB Electric Ireland — pagină inexistentă">ESB</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESB_Electric_Ireland" class="extiw" title="en:ESB Electric Ireland"><span title="„ESB Electric Ireland” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=ESB+Electric+Ireland&targettitle=ESB+Electric+Ireland">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ervia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ervia — pagină inexistentă">Ervia</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ervia" class="extiw" title="en:Ervia"><span title="„Ervia” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Ervia&targettitle=Ervia">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Airtricity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Airtricity — pagină inexistentă">Airtricity</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airtricity" class="extiw" title="en:Airtricity"><span title="„Airtricity” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Airtricity&targettitle=Airtricity">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> sunt cei trei principali furnizori de electricitate și de gaze din Irlanda.<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Există 19,82 miliarde de metri cubi de zăcăminte confirmate de gaz.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_87-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Extracția gazelor naturale se făcea în trecut în <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A2mpul_gazifer_de_la_Kinsale_Head&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Câmpul gazifer de la Kinsale Head — pagină inexistentă">Kinsale Head</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinsale_Head_gas_field" class="extiw" title="en:Kinsale Head gas field"><span title="„Kinsale Head gas field” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Kinsale+Head+gas+field&targettitle=C%C3%A2mpul+gazifer+de+la+Kinsale+Head">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> până la epuizarea zăcământului. <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A2mpul_gazifer_Corrib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Câmpul gazifer Corrib — pagină inexistentă">Câmpul gazifer Corrib</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrib_gas_field" class="extiw" title="en:Corrib gas field"><span title="„Corrib gas field” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Corrib+gas+field&targettitle=C%C3%A2mpul+gazifer+Corrib">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> trebuia să intre în funcțiune în 2013-2014. În 2012, câmpul de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barryroe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barryroe — pagină inexistentă">Barryroe</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barryroe" class="extiw" title="en:Barryroe"><span title="„Barryroe” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Barryroe&targettitle=Barryroe">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> a fost confirmat cu o rezervă de până la 1,6 miliarde de barili, cu circa 160 până la 600 milioane recuperabili.<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Acesta ar putea furniza Irlandei întregul necesar de energie timp de până la 13 ani, după începerea extracției în 2015-2016. Există eforturi importante de a crește utilizarea energiei sustenabile și regenerabile, îndeosebi cu <a href="/wiki/Energie_eolian%C4%83" title="Energie eoliană">energie eoliană</a>, cu numeroase ferme eoliene în construcție, unele în scop de export.<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Autoritatea pentru Energie Sustenabilă din Irlanda (SEAI) a estimat că 6,5 % din necesarul de energie al țării pe 2011 este produs din surse regenerabile.<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SEAI a raportat și o creștere a eficienței energetice în Irlanda cu o reducere cu 28% a emisiilor de carbon pe gospodărie față de anul maxim (2005) până în 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transporturi">Transporturi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Modifică secțiunea: Transporturi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Transporturi"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Dublin_Airport,_May_2011_(05).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dublin_Airport%2C_May_2011_%2805%29.JPG/220px-Dublin_Airport%2C_May_2011_%2805%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dublin_Airport%2C_May_2011_%2805%29.JPG/330px-Dublin_Airport%2C_May_2011_%2805%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dublin_Airport%2C_May_2011_%2805%29.JPG/440px-Dublin_Airport%2C_May_2011_%2805%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Terminalul 2 de la <a href="/wiki/Aeroportul_Dublin" title="Aeroportul Dublin">Aeroportul Dublin</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Principalele trei aeroporturi internaționale ale țării sunt <a href="/wiki/Aeroportul_Dublin" title="Aeroportul Dublin">Dublin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aeroportul_Shannon" title="Aeroportul Shannon">Shannon</a> și <a href="/wiki/Aeroportul_Cork" title="Aeroportul Cork">Cork</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ce deservesc numeroase rute europene și intercontinentale cu zboruri programate sau charter. Ruta Londra–Dublin este a doua cea mai circulată rută aeriană internațională din Europa, cu 4,5 milioane de călători în 2015,<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> fiind prima în 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Aer_Lingus" title="Aer Lingus">Aer Lingus</a> este compania națională a Irlandei, deși cea mai mare companie din țară este <a href="/wiki/Ryanair" title="Ryanair">Ryanair</a>. Ryanair este cea mai mare companie aeriană low-cost din Europa,<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a doua cea mai mare după numărul de pasageri și cea mai mare din lume după numărul de pasageri la zboruri internaționale.<sup id="cite_ref-watspax2007_178-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-watspax2007-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Intercity_Heuston.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Intercity_Heuston.jpg/220px-Intercity_Heuston.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Intercity_Heuston.jpg/330px-Intercity_Heuston.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Intercity_Heuston.jpg/440px-Intercity_Heuston.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Tren <a href="/w/index.php?title=InterCity_(Iarnr%C3%B3d_%C3%89ireann)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="InterCity (Iarnród Éireann) — pagină inexistentă">InterCity (Iarnród Éireann)</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterCity_(Iarnr%C3%B3d_%C3%89ireann)" class="extiw" title="en:InterCity (Iarnród Éireann)"><span title="„InterCity (Iarnród Éireann)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=InterCity+%28Iarnr%C3%B3d+%C3%89ireann%29&targettitle=InterCity+%28Iarnr%C3%B3d+%C3%89ireann%29">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> în <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gara_Heuston_din_Dublin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gara Heuston din Dublin — pagină inexistentă">gara Heuston</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Heuston_railway_station" class="extiw" title="en:Dublin Heuston railway station"><span title="„Dublin Heuston railway station” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Dublin+Heuston+railway+station&targettitle=Gara+Heuston+din+Dublin">traduceți</a>]</small></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Serviciile feroviare sunt furnizate de către <a href="/wiki/Iarnr%C3%B3d_%C3%89ireann" title="Iarnród Éireann">Iarnród Éireann</a>, care operează trenui intercity, locale și de marfă în țară. Dublin este centrul rețelei feroviare, cu două gări principale, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gara_Dublin_Heuston&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gara Dublin Heuston — pagină inexistentă">Heuston</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Heuston_railway_station" class="extiw" title="en:Dublin Heuston railway station"><span title="„Dublin Heuston railway station” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Dublin+Heuston+railway+station&targettitle=Gara+Dublin+Heuston">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și <a href="/wiki/Gara_Connolly" title="Gara Connolly">Connolly</a>, cu legături spre marile orașe din țară. Serviciul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enterprise_(tren)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enterprise (tren) — pagină inexistentă">Enterprise</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise_(train)" class="extiw" title="en:Enterprise (train)"><span title="„Enterprise (train)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Enterprise+%28train%29&targettitle=Enterprise+%28tren%29">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, derulat în parteneriat cu <a href="/wiki/NIR" title="NIR">Căile Ferate Nord-Irlandeze</a>, leagă Dublinul de <a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a>. Dublin are o rețea de transport public ce cuprinde <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Area_Rapid_Transit" title="Dublin Area Rapid Transit">DART</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luas" title="Luas">Luas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dublin_Bus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dublin Bus — pagină inexistentă">Dublin Bus</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Bus" class="extiw" title="en:Dublin Bus"><span title="„Dublin Bus” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Dublin+Bus&targettitle=Dublin+Bus">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dublinbikes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dublinbikes — pagină inexistentă">dublinbikes</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/dublinbikes" class="extiw" title="en:dublinbikes"><span title="„dublinbikes” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=dublinbikes&targettitle=dublinbikes">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autostr%C4%83zi_%C3%AEn_Irlanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Autostrăzi în Irlanda — pagină inexistentă">Autostrăzile</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Drum_na%C8%9Bional_primar_(Irlanda)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drum național primar (Irlanda) — pagină inexistentă">drumurile naționale primare</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/national_primary_road" class="extiw" title="en:national primary road"><span title="„national primary road” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=national+primary+road&targettitle=Drum+na%C8%9Bional+primar+%28Irlanda%29">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Drum_na%C8%9Bional_secundar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drum național secundar — pagină inexistentă">drumurile naționale secundare</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/national_secondary_road" class="extiw" title="en:national secondary road"><span title="„national secondary road” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=national+secondary+road&targettitle=Drum+na%C8%9Bional+secundar">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> sunt gestionate de către <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Roads_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Roads Authority — pagină inexistentă">National Roads Authority</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Roads_Authority" class="extiw" title="en:National Roads Authority"><span title="„National Roads Authority” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=National+Roads+Authority&targettitle=National+Roads+Authority">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, în timp ce drumurile regionale și locale sunt administrate de autoritățile publice din jurisdicția respectivă. Rețeaua de drumuri este concentrată în principal pe Capitală, dar autostrăzile au fost extinse până la marile orașe, ca parte din programul de investiții <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transport_21&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transport 21 — pagină inexistentă">Transport 21</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_21" class="extiw" title="en:Transport 21"><span title="„Transport 21” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Transport+21&targettitle=Transport+21">traduceți</a>]</small></sup></i>, care a dus la terminarea autostrăzilor ce leagă Dublinul de mai multe mari orașe irlandeze, între care Cork, Limerick, Waterford și Galway.<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>În Dublin s-au concentrat și alte mari proiecte de infrastructură, cum ar fi podurile cu taxă <a href="/w/index.php?title=East-Link_(Dublin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East-Link (Dublin) — pagină inexistentă">East Link</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East-Link_(Dublin)" class="extiw" title="en:East-Link (Dublin)"><span title="„East-Link (Dublin)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=East-Link+%28Dublin%29&targettitle=East-Link+%28Dublin%29">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=West-Link&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West-Link — pagină inexistentă">West-Link</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West-Link" class="extiw" title="en:West-Link"><span title="„West-Link” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=West-Link&targettitle=West-Link">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, precum și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dublin_Port_Tunnel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dublin Port Tunnel — pagină inexistentă">Dublin Port Tunnel</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Port_Tunnel" class="extiw" title="en:Dublin Port Tunnel"><span title="„Dublin Port Tunnel” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Dublin+Port+Tunnel&targettitle=Dublin+Port+Tunnel">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tunelul_Jack_Lynch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tunelul Jack Lynch — pagină inexistentă">Tunelul Jack Lynch</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Lynch_Tunnel" class="extiw" title="en:Jack Lynch Tunnel"><span title="„Jack Lynch Tunnel” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Jack+Lynch+Tunnel&targettitle=Tunelul+Jack+Lynch">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, pe sub <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A2ul_Lee_(Irlanda)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Râul Lee (Irlanda) — pagină inexistentă">Râul Lee</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Lee_(Ireland)" class="extiw" title="en:River Lee (Ireland)"><span title="„River Lee (Ireland)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=River+Lee+%28Ireland%29&targettitle=R%C3%A2ul+Lee+%28Irlanda%29">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> din Cork, și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tunelul_Limerick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tunelul Limerick — pagină inexistentă">tunelul Limerick</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick_Tunnel" class="extiw" title="en:Limerick Tunnel"><span title="„Limerick Tunnel” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Limerick+Tunnel&targettitle=tunelul+Limerick">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, pe sub <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A2ul_Shannon" title="Râul Shannon">râul Shannon</a>, sunt principalele două mari proiecte în afara Dublinului. Sunt în curs de execuție mai multe șosele de centură în alte zone urbane. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografie">Demografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Modifică secțiunea: Demografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Demografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Population_of_Ireland_1951-2011.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Population_of_Ireland_1951-2011.png/220px-Population_of_Ireland_1951-2011.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Population_of_Ireland_1951-2011.png/330px-Population_of_Ireland_1951-2011.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Population_of_Ireland_1951-2011.png/440px-Population_of_Ireland_1951-2011.png 2x" data-file-width="617" data-file-height="475" /></a><figcaption>Evoluția populației Irlandei din 1951</figcaption></figure> <p>Cercetările genetice sugerează că primii coloniști au imigrat din <a href="/wiki/Peninsula_Iberic%C4%83" title="Peninsula Iberică">Peninsula Iberică</a> după cea mai recentă <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glacia%C8%9Biunea_cuaternar%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glaciațiunea cuaternară — pagină inexistentă">eră glaciară</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> După <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesolitic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesolitic — pagină inexistentă">mesolitic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neolitic" title="Neolitic">neolitic</a> și <a href="/wiki/Epoca_Bronzului" title="Epoca Bronzului">Epoca Bronzului</a>, aceștia au introdus o cultură și o limbă <a href="/wiki/Cel%C8%9Bi" title="Celți">celtică</a>. Moștenirea generică a imigranților din cele două epoci din urmă încă mai stă la baza genomului majorității <a href="/wiki/Irlandezi" title="Irlandezi">irlandezilor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tradiția gaelică s-a extins și a devenit în timp dominantă. Irlandezii au o combinație de origini gaelică, nordică, anglo-normandă, engleză, scoțiană, franceză și galeză. </p><p>Populația Irlandei se ridica în 2011 la 4.588.252 de locuitori, în creștere cu 8,2% față de 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În 2011, Irlanda avea cea mai mare rată a natalității din Uniunea Europeană (16 nașteri la mia de locuitori).<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În 2012, 35,1% din nașteri erau de la femei necăsătorite.<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ratele anuale de creștere demografică au depășit 2% în perioada dintre recensăminte 2002–2006, fapt atribuit atât sporului natural mare, cât și imigrației.<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Această rată a mai scăzut în perioada dintre recensămintele următoare, 2006–2011, cu o modificare procentuală medie anuală de 1,6%. </p><p>La momentul recensământului din 2011, numărul locuitorilor neirlandezi a fost înregistrat la 544.357, cuprinzând 12% din populația totală. Aceasta înseamnă aproape de 2,5 ori mai mult ca numărul de locuitori neirlandezi înregistrat la recensământul din 2002 (224.261), când s-a pus pentru prima oară întrebarea referitoare la naționalitate. Cele mai mari cinci comunități minoritare sunt polonezii (122.585), britanicii (112.259), lituanienii (36.683), letonii (20.593) și nigerienii (17.642).<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <table width="97%" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 97%; border: 1px solid darkgray; background: #f9f9f9"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0; line-height:1.4em;"> <span class="noprint plainlinks" style="white-space: nowrap; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal; float: right; margin-right:0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Cele_mai_mari_ora%C8%99e_din_Irlanda" title="Format:Cele mai mari orașe din Irlanda"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Cele_mai_mari_ora%C8%99e_din_Irlanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Cele mai mari orașe din Irlanda — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style=";">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Cele_mai_mari_ora%C8%99e_din_Irlanda&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";">m</span></a></span>  <span style="font-size:120%;">Cele mai mari orașe din <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Irlanda</a></span><br /><span style="font-weight:normal;">Sursa?</span> </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th>Loc </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Lista_ora%C8%99elor_din_Irlanda" title="Lista orașelor din Irlanda">Numele orașului</a> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comitat_din_Irlanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comitat din Irlanda — pagină inexistentă">Comitat</a> </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th>Loc </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Lista_ora%C8%99elor_din_Irlanda" title="Lista orașelor din Irlanda">Numele orașului</a> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comitats_of_Irlanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comitats of Irlanda — pagină inexistentă">Comitat</a> </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="10" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Calatrava-bridge_dublin.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Dublin"><img alt="Dublin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Calatrava-bridge_dublin.JPG/135px-Calatrava-bridge_dublin.JPG" decoding="async" width="135" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Calatrava-bridge_dublin.JPG/203px-Calatrava-bridge_dublin.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Calatrava-bridge_dublin.JPG/270px-Calatrava-bridge_dublin.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a><br /> <p><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Cork_City_Hall_-_Anglesea_Street_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1405948.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cork"><img alt="Cork" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Cork_City_Hall_-_Anglesea_Street_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1405948.jpg/135px-Cork_City_Hall_-_Anglesea_Street_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1405948.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Cork_City_Hall_-_Anglesea_Street_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1405948.jpg/203px-Cork_City_Hall_-_Anglesea_Street_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1405948.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Cork_City_Hall_-_Anglesea_Street_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1405948.jpg/270px-Cork_City_Hall_-_Anglesea_Street_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1405948.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Cork" title="Cork">Cork</a> </p> </td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">1</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E2%80%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="— — pagină inexistentă">—</a></td> <td>1.110.627</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">11</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Ennis" title="Ennis">Ennis</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Clare" title="Comitatul Clare">Clare</a></td> <td>25.360 </td> <td rowspan="10" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:LimerickCity_Riverpoint.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Limerick"><img alt="Limerick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/LimerickCity_Riverpoint.jpg/135px-LimerickCity_Riverpoint.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/LimerickCity_Riverpoint.jpg/203px-LimerickCity_Riverpoint.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/LimerickCity_Riverpoint.jpg/270px-LimerickCity_Riverpoint.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick">Limerick</a><br /> <p><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Galway_Harbour_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Galway"><img alt="Galway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Galway_Harbour_2007.jpg/135px-Galway_Harbour_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Galway_Harbour_2007.jpg/203px-Galway_Harbour_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Galway_Harbour_2007.jpg/270px-Galway_Harbour_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Galway" title="Galway">Galway</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">2</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Cork" title="Cork">Cork</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E2%80%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="— — pagină inexistentă">—</a></td> <td>192.582</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">12</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Kilkenny" title="Kilkenny">Kilkenny</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Kilkenny" title="Comitatul Kilkenny">Kilkenny</a></td> <td>24.423 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">3</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick">Limerick</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Limerick" title="Comitatul Limerick">Limerick</a></td> <td>91.454</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">13</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tralee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tralee — pagină inexistentă">Tralee</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Kerry" title="Comitatul Kerry">Kerry</a></td> <td>23.693 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">4</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Galway" title="Galway">Galway</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E2%80%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="— — pagină inexistentă">—</a></td> <td>76.778</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">14</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlow — pagină inexistentă">Carlow</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Carlow" title="Comitatul Carlow">Carlow</a></td> <td>23.030 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">5</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waterford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waterford — pagină inexistentă">Waterford</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ora%C8%99ul_%C8%99i_comitatul_Waterford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orașul și comitatul Waterford — pagină inexistentă">Waterford</a></td> <td>51.519</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">15</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newbridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Newbridge — pagină inexistentă">Newbridge</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Kildare" title="Comitatul Kildare">Kildare</a></td> <td>21.561 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">6</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Drogheda" title="Drogheda">Drogheda</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Louth" title="Comitatul Louth">Louth</a></td> <td>38.578</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">16</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Naas" title="Naas">Naas</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Kildare" title="Comitatul Kildare">Kildare</a></td> <td>20.713 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">7</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dundalk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dundalk — pagină inexistentă">Dundalk</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Louth" title="Comitatul Louth">Louth</a></td> <td>37.816</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">17</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Athlone" title="Athlone">Athlone</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Westmeath" title="Comitatul Westmeath">Westmeath</a></td> <td>20.153 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">8</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swords&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swords — pagină inexistentă">Swords</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comitatul_Fingal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comitatul Fingal — pagină inexistentă">Fingal</a></td> <td>36.924</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">18</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portlaoise" title="Portlaoise">Portlaoise</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comitatul_Laoise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comitatul Laoise — pagină inexistentă">Laoise</a></td> <td>20.145 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">9</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bray&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bray — pagină inexistentă">Bray</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Wicklow" title="Comitatul Wicklow">Wicklow</a></td> <td>31.872</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">19</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Mullingar" title="Mullingar">Mullingar</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Westmeath" title="Comitatul Westmeath">Westmeath</a></td> <td>20.103 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">10</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Navan — pagină inexistentă">Navan</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Meath" title="Comitatul Meath">Meath</a></td> <td>28.559</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">20</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wexford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wexford — pagină inexistentă">Wexford</a></b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Wexford" title="Comitatul Wexford">Wexford</a></td> <td>20.072 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Limbi">Limbi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Modifică secțiunea: Limbi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Limbi"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Percentage_stating_they_speak_Irish_daily_outside_the_education_system_in_the_2011_census.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Percentage_stating_they_speak_Irish_daily_outside_the_education_system_in_the_2011_census.png/220px-Percentage_stating_they_speak_Irish_daily_outside_the_education_system_in_the_2011_census.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Percentage_stating_they_speak_Irish_daily_outside_the_education_system_in_the_2011_census.png/330px-Percentage_stating_they_speak_Irish_daily_outside_the_education_system_in_the_2011_census.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Percentage_stating_they_speak_Irish_daily_outside_the_education_system_in_the_2011_census.png/440px-Percentage_stating_they_speak_Irish_daily_outside_the_education_system_in_the_2011_census.png 2x" data-file-width="10560" data-file-height="14885" /></a><figcaption>Procentajele persoanelor care au declarat că vorbesc irlandeza zilnic în afara sistemului de educație la recensământul din 2011.</figcaption></figure> <p>Irlandeza este „limba națională” conform constituției, dar limba dominantă este engleza. La recensământul din 2006, 39% din locuitori se considerau competenți la limba irlandeză. Irlandeza se vorbește ca limbă comunitară doar în câteva zone rurale aflate mai ales în vestul țării, denumite împreună <a href="/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht">Gaeltacht</a>. Cu excepția regiunilor din Gaeltacht, semnele de circulație sunt de regulă bilingve.<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Majoritatea anunțurilor publice și mass-media sunt însă doar în engleză. Publicațiile guvernamentale sunt disponibile în ambele limbi, iar cetățenii au dreptul de a se adresa statului și în irlandeză. Există mass-media în irlandeză în domeniul televiziunii (<a href="/w/index.php?title=TG4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TG4 — pagină inexistentă">TG4</a>), radioului (de exemplu, <a href="/w/index.php?title=RT%C3%89_Raidi%C3%B3_na_Gaeltachta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta — pagină inexistentă">RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT%C3%89_Raidi%C3%B3_na_Gaeltachta" class="extiw" title="en:RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta"><span title="„RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=RT%C3%89+Raidi%C3%B3+na+Gaeltachta&targettitle=RT%C3%89+Raidi%C3%B3+na+Gaeltachta">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>) și al presei scrise (de exemplu, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Foinse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foinse — pagină inexistentă">Foinse</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foinse" class="extiw" title="en:Foinse"><span title="„Foinse” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Foinse&targettitle=Foinse">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>). În Forțele de Apărare ale Irlandei, toate comenzile de marș și mânuirea armei se dau în irlandeză. </p><p>Ca urmare a imigrației, <a href="/wiki/Limba_polon%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Limba polonă">polona</a> este cea mai vorbită limbă în Irlanda după engleză și irlandeză. Se mai vorbesc și alte limbi central-europene (anume ceha, maghiara și slovaca), precum și <a href="/wiki/Limbi_baltice" title="Limbi baltice">limbi baltice</a> (lituaniana și letona). Alte limbi vorbite în Irlanda sunt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shelta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shelta — pagină inexistentă">Shelta</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelta" class="extiw" title="en:Shelta"><span title="„Shelta” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Shelta&targettitle=Shelta">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, combinație de engleză cu irlandeză vorbită de populațiile nomade denumite <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Travellers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irish Travellers — pagină inexistentă">Irish Travellers</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Travellers" class="extiw" title="en:Irish Travellers"><span title="„Irish Travellers” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Irish+Travellers&targettitle=Irish+Travellers">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, și un dialect de <a href="/wiki/Limba_scots" title="Limba scots">scots</a> vorbit de unii dintre urmașii coloniștilor scoțieni din Donegal.<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Majoritatea elevilor de gimnaziu aleg să învețe una sau două limbi străine. Limbile disponibile pentru Certificatul Junior și Certificatul de Ieșire sunt franceza, germana, italiana și spaniola; elevii care studiază pentru Certificatul de Ieșire pot studia și araba, japoneza, suedeza, finlandeza și rusa. Unele școli secundare mai oferă și cursuri de <a href="/wiki/Limba_greac%C4%83_veche" title="Limba greacă veche">greaca veche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limba_ebraic%C4%83" title="Limba ebraică">ebraică</a> și <a href="/wiki/Limba_latin%C4%83" title="Limba latină">latină</a>. Studiul limbii irlandeze este obligatoriu pentru elevii de la Certificatul de Ieșire, dar unii pot fi exceptați în anumite cazuri, cum ar fi dificultăți de învățare sau intrarea în țară după vârsta de 11 ani.<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sănătate"><span id="S.C4.83n.C4.83tate"></span>Sănătate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Modifică secțiunea: Sănătate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Sănătate"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:R.C.S.I_Disease_Research_Centre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/R.C.S.I_Disease_Research_Centre.jpg/220px-R.C.S.I_Disease_Research_Centre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/R.C.S.I_Disease_Research_Centre.jpg/330px-R.C.S.I_Disease_Research_Centre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/R.C.S.I_Disease_Research_Centre.jpg/440px-R.C.S.I_Disease_Research_Centre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Centrul de Cercetări al <a href="/w/index.php?title=RCSI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RCSI — pagină inexistentă">RCSI</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCSI" class="extiw" title="en:RCSI"><span title="„RCSI” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=RCSI&targettitle=RCSI">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spitalul_Beaumont&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spitalul Beaumont — pagină inexistentă">Spitalul Beaumont</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaumont_Hospital" class="extiw" title="en:Beaumont Hospital"><span title="„Beaumont Hospital” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Beaumont+Hospital&targettitle=Spitalul+Beaumont">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> din <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Deși sistemul sanitar irlandez este constant criticat de politicieni și de cetățeni, Irlanda are unul dintre cele mai dezvoltate sisteme sanitare din lume, iar profesioniștii care activează în cadrul lui sunt bine pregătiți. Îngrijirea sanitară în Irlanda este furnizată atât de un sistem public, cât și de sisteme private.<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministrul_S%C4%83n%C4%83t%C4%83%C8%9Bii_(Irlanda)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministrul Sănătății (Irlanda) — pagină inexistentă">Ministrul Sănătății</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_for_Health_(Ireland)" class="extiw" title="en:Minister for Health (Ireland)"><span title="„Minister for Health (Ireland)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Minister+for+Health+%28Ireland%29&targettitle=Ministrul+S%C4%83n%C4%83t%C4%83%C8%9Bii+%28Irlanda%29">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> are responsabilitatea de a stabili politica de ansamblu a sistemului sanitar. Fiecare locuitor al Irlandei are dreptul la îngrijire sanitară prin sistemul public, administrat de un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_Service_Executive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Health Service Executive — pagină inexistentă">Health Service Executive</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_Service_Executive" class="extiw" title="en:Health Service Executive"><span title="„Health Service Executive” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Health+Service+Executive&targettitle=Health+Service+Executive">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și finanțat din impozite. O persoană poate fi obligată să plătească o taxă suplimentară pentru anumite tipuri de servicii sanitare; aceasta depinde de venitul persoanei, de vârstă, de afecțiunea pe care o tratează și de eventualele disabilități de care suferă. Toate serviciile de maternitate și îngrijire a copiilor de până la 6 luni sunt gratuite. Serviciile de urgență sunt furnizate pacienților care se prezintă la camera de gardă a unui spital, dar persoanele ce se prezintă la camera de gardă fără recomandarea generalistului pot fi taxate cu suma de 100 de euro. În unele circumstanțe, această taxă nu este impusă sau poate fi recuperată.<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Persoanele care dețin un <a href="/wiki/Cardul_European_de_Asigur%C4%83ri_Sociale_de_S%C4%83n%C4%83tate" title="Cardul European de Asigurări Sociale de Sănătate">card european de asigurări de sănătate</a> au dreptul la tratamente gratuite și internare în paturi publice în spitalele de stat sau de voluntariat. Tratamentele ambulatorii sunt furnizate tot gratuit. Majoritatea pacienților cu venit mediu sau peste mediu sunt însă obligați să achite anumite taxe. Sunt disponibile și asigurări private de sănătate. </p><p>Speranța medie de viață în Irlanda era în 2012 de 81 de ani (media <a href="/wiki/OECD" class="mw-redirect" title="OECD">OECD</a> fiind în acel an de 80 de ani), cu 78,2 ani pentru bărbați și 83,6 ani pentru femei.<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Țara are cea mai mare rată a natalității din UE (16,8 nașteri la mia de locuitori, prin comparație cu media UE de 10,7)<sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> și o rată a mortalității infantile foarte scăzută (3,5 la mia de nașteri). Sistemul sanitar irlandez a fost clasat în 2014 pe locul al 23 din 34 de țări europene, conform <i>European Health Consumer Index</i> produs de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_Consumer_Powerhouse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Health Consumer Powerhouse — pagină inexistentă">Health Consumer Powerhouse</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_Consumer_Powerhouse" class="extiw" title="en:Health Consumer Powerhouse"><span title="„Health Consumer Powerhouse” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Health+Consumer+Powerhouse&targettitle=Health+Consumer+Powerhouse">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-ehi_195-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ehi-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Același raport clasează rezultatele sistemului sanitar irlandez ca având pe locul nouă, dar la accesibilitate îl pune doar pe locul 35.<sup id="cite_ref-ehi_195-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ehi-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Educație"><span id="Educa.C8.9Bie"></span>Educație</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Modifică secțiunea: Educație" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Educație"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Irlanda are trei niveluri de educație: primară, secundară și superioară. Sistemele de educație sunt în mare parte sub îndrumarea Guvernului prin intermediul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministerul_Educa%C8%9Biei_%C8%99i_Aptitudinilor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministerul Educației și Aptitudinilor — pagină inexistentă">Ministerului Educației și Aptitudinilor</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_for_Education_and_Skills" class="extiw" title="en:Minister for Education and Skills"><span title="„Minister for Education and Skills” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Minister+for+Education+and+Skills&targettitle=Ministerul+Educa%C8%9Biei+%C8%99i+Aptitudinilor">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>. Școlile primare și secundare recunoscute trebuie să adere la curriculumul stabilit de autorități. Educația este obligatorie între vârstele de șase și cincisprezece ani, iar copiii de până la optsprezece ani trebuie să termine primii trei ani de învățământ secundar, inclusiv să dea un examen pentru <a href="/w/index.php?title=Certificat_Junior&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Certificat Junior — pagină inexistentă">Certificat Junior</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junior_Certificate" class="extiw" title="en:Junior Certificate"><span title="„Junior Certificate” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Junior+Certificate&targettitle=Certificat+Junior">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:University_College_Cork_-_geograph.org.uk_-_41771.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/University_College_Cork_-_geograph.org.uk_-_41771.jpg/220px-University_College_Cork_-_geograph.org.uk_-_41771.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/University_College_Cork_-_geograph.org.uk_-_41771.jpg/330px-University_College_Cork_-_geograph.org.uk_-_41771.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/University_College_Cork_-_geograph.org.uk_-_41771.jpg/440px-University_College_Cork_-_geograph.org.uk_-_41771.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_College_Cork&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University College Cork — pagină inexistentă">University College Cork</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_College_Cork" class="extiw" title="en:University College Cork"><span title="„University College Cork” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=University+College+Cork&targettitle=University+College+Cork">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> a fost înființată în 1845 și este o <i>universitate constituentă</i> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Universitatea_Na%C8%9Bional%C4%83_a_Irlandei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universitatea Națională a Irlandei — pagină inexistentă">Universității Naționale a Irlandei</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_University_of_Ireland" class="extiw" title="en:National University of Ireland"><span title="„National University of Ireland” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=National+University+of+Ireland&targettitle=Universitatea+Na%C8%9Bional%C4%83+a+Irlandei">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Certificatul_de_Ie%C8%99ire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Certificatul de Ieșire — pagină inexistentă">Certificatul de Ieșire</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Leaving_Certificate" class="extiw" title="en:Irish Leaving Certificate"><span title="„Irish Leaving Certificate” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Irish+Leaving+Certificate&targettitle=Certificatul+de+Ie%C8%99ire">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, primit după doi ani de studiu, este ultimul examen al ciclului secundar. Cei care doresc să urmeze învățământul superior dau de regulă acest examen, accesul la cursurile universitare fiind în general permis pe baza celor mai mari șase note primite la acest examen.<sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diplomele de educație superioară sunt conferite de cel puțin 38 de instituții de învățământ superior, inclusiv colegiile constituente sau colegiile legate ale șapte universități, plus alte instituții desemnate de Consiliul pentru Învățământ Superior și Diplome de Pregătire. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Programul_pentru_Evaluarea_Interna%C8%9Bional%C4%83_a_Elevilor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Programul pentru Evaluarea Internațională a Elevilor — pagină inexistentă">Programul pentru Evaluarea Internațională a Elevilor</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programme_for_International_Student_Assessment" class="extiw" title="en:Programme for International Student Assessment"><span title="„Programme for International Student Assessment” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Programme+for+International+Student+Assessment&targettitle=Programul+pentru+Evaluarea+Interna%C8%9Bional%C4%83+a+Elevilor">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, coordonat de <a href="/wiki/OCDE" class="mw-redirect" title="OCDE">OCDE</a>, clasează Irlanda pe locul al patrulea la citit, pe al nouălea la științe și pe al treisprezecelea la matematică între țările OCDE, pe anul 2012<sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În 2006, elevii irlandezi de 15 ani au fost clasați pe locul al doilea în UE la capitolul alfabetizare la citire/lectură.<sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Irlanda are cel mai mare număr de universități în Top 500 pe cap de locuitor.<sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Învățământul primar, secundar și superior sunt toate gratuite în Irlanda pentru toți cetățenii Uniunii Europene.<sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Se plătesc însă serviciile pentru studenți și examinările cu certificare. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religie">Religie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Modifică secțiunea: Religie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Religie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religia în Irlanda</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Religion</td> <td style="padding:0 4px; text-align:right;"></td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Percent</td> <td style="padding:0 4px; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Biserica_Romano-Catolic%C4%83" title="Biserica Romano-Catolică">romano-catolicism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:blue; width:84.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">84.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Umanism_secular" title="Umanism secular">fără religie</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:yellow; width:6.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">6.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">protestantism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:lightblue; width:4.6%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">4.6%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:green; width:1.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Altele</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:black; width:2.8%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.8%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <p>Libertatea religioasă este un drept garantat prin Constituție. Religia predominantă este <a href="/wiki/Cre%C8%99tinism" title="Creștinism">creștinismul</a>, cel mai mare cult creștin fiind <a href="/wiki/Biserica_Romano-Catolic%C4%83" title="Biserica Romano-Catolică">Biserica Romano-Catolică</a>. În 2011, 84,2% din locuitori se identificau ca romano-catolici, 4,6% ca protestanți sau de altă confesiune creștină, 1,1% ca musulmani și 6,2% ca persoane fără religie – aceștia din urmă reprezentând astfel cel mai mare grup după romano-catolici.<sup id="cite_ref-Final_Principal_Demographic_Results_2006_202-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Final_Principal_Demographic_Results_2006-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conform unui studiu realizat de <a href="/wiki/Universitatea_Georgetown" title="Universitatea Georgetown">Universitatea Georgetown</a>, Irlanda are una dintre cele mai mari rate de participare la liturghie din Occident.<sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În 2006 participarea la liturghie era de 13%, dar există și o reducere a participării săptămânale de la 81% în 1990 la 48% în 2006, declinul fiind însă în curs de stabilizare.<sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În 2011, participarea săptămânală la liturghie era în Dublin de doar 18%, fiind și mai scăzută la generația tânără.<sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:St._Finbarr%27s_Cathedral,_Cork_-_geograph.org.uk_-_661104.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/St._Finbarr%27s_Cathedral%2C_Cork_-_geograph.org.uk_-_661104.jpg/220px-St._Finbarr%27s_Cathedral%2C_Cork_-_geograph.org.uk_-_661104.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/St._Finbarr%27s_Cathedral%2C_Cork_-_geograph.org.uk_-_661104.jpg/330px-St._Finbarr%27s_Cathedral%2C_Cork_-_geograph.org.uk_-_661104.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/St._Finbarr%27s_Cathedral%2C_Cork_-_geograph.org.uk_-_661104.jpg/440px-St._Finbarr%27s_Cathedral%2C_Cork_-_geograph.org.uk_-_661104.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catedrala_Saint_Finbarre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catedrala Saint Finbarre — pagină inexistentă">Catedrala Saint Finbarre</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Finbarre%27s_Cathedral" class="extiw" title="en:Saint Finbarre's Cathedral"><span title="„Saint Finbarre's Cathedral” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Saint+Finbarre%27s+Cathedral&targettitle=Catedrala+Saint+Finbarre">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, catedrala anglicană a <a href="/wiki/Biserica_Irlandei" title="Biserica Irlandei">Bisericii Irlandei</a> din <a href="/wiki/Cork" title="Cork">Cork</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Biserica_Irlandei" title="Biserica Irlandei">Biserica Irlandei</a>, de confesiune <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglicanism">anglicană</a>, este al doilea cult creștin.<sup id="cite_ref-reg_206-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reg-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Și numărul membrilor acesteia au scăzut de-a lungul secolului al XX-lea, dar recent a început să crească, la fel ca și cel al altor culte creștine mici. Alte culte protestante importante sunt presbiterienii și metodiștii.<sup id="cite_ref-reg_206-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reg-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Imigrația a contribuit și la o creștere a populației musulmane și hinduiste. Ca procentaje, <a href="/wiki/Biserica_Ortodox%C4%83" title="Biserica Ortodoxă">creștinismul ortodox</a> și islamul sunt cultele cu cea mai rapidă creștere, de 100%, respectiv 70%.<sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sfinții protectori ai Irlandei sunt <a href="/wiki/Sf%C3%A2ntul_Patriciu" title="Sfântul Patriciu">Sfântul Patrick</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brigid_din_Kildare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brigid din Kildare — pagină inexistentă">Sfânta Bridget</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brigid_of_Kildare" class="extiw" title="en:Brigid of Kildare"><span title="„Brigid of Kildare” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Brigid+of+Kildare&targettitle=Brigid+din+Kildare">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și <a href="/wiki/Porumbelul_(constela%C8%9Bie)" title="Porumbelul (constelație)">Sfântul Columba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-catholicireland.net_2016-05-01_208-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-catholicireland.net_2016-05-01-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sfântul Patrick este singurul recunoscut pe scară largă ca sfânt protector al țării. Ziua Sfântului Patrick se sărbătorește la 17 martie în Irlanda și în străinătate ca zi națională a tuturor irlandezilor,<sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-209"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> cu parade și alte sărbători, fiind sărbătorit în mai multe țări decât orice altă festivate națională.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated242_210-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated242-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ca și în cazul altor state europene predominant catolice, Irlanda a trecut printr-o perioadă de secularizare legală spre sfârșitul secolului al XX-lea. În 1972, articolul Constituției care denumea anumite grupuri religioase a fost șters prin Amendamentul al V-lea aprobat prin referendum. Încă mai rămâne însă articolul 44: <i>Statul recunoaște că omagiul venerației publice se datorează Atotputernicului Dumnezeu. Numele Său va fi ținut cu respect, și se va respecta și cinsti religia.</i> Articolul stabilește însă și libertatea religiei, interzice finanțarea de stat a oricărei religii, interzice statului să facă discriminări pe baze religioase și impune tratament egal față de școlile confesionale și laice. </p><p>Studiul religiei a fost introdus ca materie opțională pentru Certificatul Junior în 2001. Deși multe școli sunt administrate de organizații religioase, în rândul generațiilor tinere există o tendință secularistă.<sup id="cite_ref-211" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Școlile religioase nu au dreptul să facă discriminări între elevi pe baze religioase. Există un sistem aprobat de preferințe, în care elevii ce aparțin religiei oficiale a școlii pot fi acceptați înaintea celor de alte religii, dar numai în cazul în care cota de elevi a școlii a fost deja atinsă. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultura">Cultura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Modifică secțiunea: Cultura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Cultura"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cultura Irlandei a fost timp de multe secole una predominant gaelică, irlandezii fiind și acum unul dintre cele șase <a href="/wiki/Na%C8%9Biunile_celte" title="Națiunile celte">popoare celtice</a> principale.<sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-212"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> După invazia anglo-normandă din secolul al XII-lea și apoi după cucerirea britanică treptată și colonizarea care a urmat începând cu secolul al XVI-lea, Irlanda a fost influențată și de cultura engleză și scoțiană. Ca urmare, cultura irlandeză, deși distinctă în multe aspecte, are și caracteristici comune cu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anglosfera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anglosfera — pagină inexistentă">anglosfera</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglosphere" class="extiw" title="en:Anglosphere"><span title="„Anglosphere” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Anglosphere&targettitle=anglosfera">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, cu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Europa_catolic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Europa catolică — pagină inexistentă">Europa catolică</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Europe" class="extiw" title="en:Catholic Europe"><span title="„Catholic Europe” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Catholic+Europe&targettitle=Europa+catolic%C4%83">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și cu alte regiuni locuite de popoare de origine celtică. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diaspora_irlandez%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diaspora irlandeză — pagină inexistentă">Diaspora irlandeză</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_diaspora" class="extiw" title="en:Irish diaspora"><span title="„Irish diaspora” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Irish+diaspora&targettitle=Diaspora+irlandez%C4%83">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, una dintre cele mai mari și mai răspândite din lume, a contribuit la globalizarea culturii irlandeze, producând numeroase personalități artistice, muzicale și științifice. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literatura">Literatura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Modifică secțiunea: Literatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Literatura"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Jonathan_Swift_by_Charles_Jervas_detail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Jonathan_Swift_by_Charles_Jervas_detail.jpg/170px-Jonathan_Swift_by_Charles_Jervas_detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Jonathan_Swift_by_Charles_Jervas_detail.jpg/255px-Jonathan_Swift_by_Charles_Jervas_detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Jonathan_Swift_by_Charles_Jervas_detail.jpg/340px-Jonathan_Swift_by_Charles_Jervas_detail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1544" data-file-height="1736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Swift" title="Jonathan Swift">Jonathan Swift</a> (1667–1745)</figcaption></figure> <p>Irlanda a adus o importantă contribuție literaturii universale, atât în limba engleză cât și în cea irlandeză. Opera literară modernă irlandeză de ficțiune a început odată cu publicarea în 1726 a romanului <i><a href="/wiki/C%C4%83l%C4%83toriile_lui_Gulliver" title="Călătoriile lui Gulliver">Călătoriile lui Gulliver</a></i> de <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Swift" title="Jonathan Swift">Jonathan Swift</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-litt_213-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-litt-213"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Printre alți scriitori importanți din secolul al XVIII-lea se numără <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Sterne" title="Laurence Sterne">Laurence Sterne</a> cu <i><a href="/wiki/Tristram_Shandy" title="Tristram Shandy">Viața și opiniile lui Tristram Shandy, gentleman</a></i> și <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Goldsmith" title="Oliver Goldsmith">Oliver Goldsmith</a> cu <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicarul_din_Wakefield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vicarul din Wakefield — pagină inexistentă">Vicarul din Wakefield</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Vicar_of_Wakefield" class="extiw" title="en:The Vicar of Wakefield"><span title="„The Vicar of Wakefield” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=The+Vicar+of+Wakefield&targettitle=Vicarul+din+Wakefield">traduceți</a>]</small></sup></i>. În secolul al XIX-lea s-au remarcat numeroși romancieri irlandezi, între care <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maria_Edgeworth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maria Edgeworth — pagină inexistentă">Maria Edgeworth</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Edgeworth" class="extiw" title="en:Maria Edgeworth"><span title="„Maria Edgeworth” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Maria+Edgeworth&targettitle=Maria+Edgeworth">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Banim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Banim — pagină inexistentă">John Banim</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Banim" class="extiw" title="en:John Banim"><span title="„John Banim” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=John+Banim&targettitle=John+Banim">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerald_Griffin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerald Griffin — pagină inexistentă">Gerald Griffin</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Griffin" class="extiw" title="en:Gerald Griffin"><span title="„Gerald Griffin” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Gerald+Griffin&targettitle=Gerald+Griffin">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Kickham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Kickham — pagină inexistentă">Charles Kickham</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Kickham" class="extiw" title="en:Charles Kickham"><span title="„Charles Kickham” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Charles+Kickham&targettitle=Charles+Kickham">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Carleton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Carleton — pagină inexistentă">William Carleton</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Carleton" class="extiw" title="en:William Carleton"><span title="„William Carleton” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=William+Carleton&targettitle=William+Carleton">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_A._Moore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George A. Moore — pagină inexistentă">George Moore</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_A._Moore" class="extiw" title="en:George A. Moore"><span title="„George A. Moore” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=George+A.+Moore&targettitle=George+A.+Moore">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Somerville_%C8%99i_Ross&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Somerville și Ross — pagină inexistentă">Somerville și Ross</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somerville_and_Ross" class="extiw" title="en:Somerville and Ross"><span title="„Somerville and Ross” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Somerville+and+Ross&targettitle=Somerville+%C8%99i+Ross">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-214" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bram_Stoker" title="Bram Stoker">Bram Stoker</a> a rămas celebru ca autor al romanului <i><a href="/wiki/Dracula" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Dracula">Dracula</a></i> din 1897. </p><p><a href="/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">James Joyce</a> (1882–1941) și-a publicat cea mai faimoasă operă, <i><a href="/wiki/Ulise_(roman)" title="Ulise (roman)">Ulise</a></i> în 1922, o interpretare a <i><a href="/wiki/Odiseea" title="Odiseea">Odiseei</a></i> cu acțiunea în Dublin.<sup id="cite_ref-215" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edith_Anna_Somerville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edith Anna Somerville — pagină inexistentă">Edith Somerville</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith_Anna_Somerville" class="extiw" title="en:Edith Anna Somerville"><span title="„Edith Anna Somerville” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Edith+Anna+Somerville&targettitle=Edith+Anna+Somerville">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> a continuat să scrie după moartea partenerei sale <a href="/w/index.php?title=Violet_Florence_Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Violet Florence Martin — pagină inexistentă">Martin Ross</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violet_Florence_Martin" class="extiw" title="en:Violet Florence Martin"><span title="„Violet Florence Martin” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Violet+Florence+Martin&targettitle=Violet+Florence+Martin">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> în 1915. Dublineza <a href="/w/index.php?title=Annie_M._P._Smithson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Annie M. P. Smithson — pagină inexistentă">Annie M. P. Smithson</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie_M._P._Smithson" class="extiw" title="en:Annie M. P. Smithson"><span title="„Annie M. P. Smithson” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Annie+M.+P.+Smithson&targettitle=Annie+M.+P.+Smithson">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> a fost una dintre mai mulții autori care au scris pentru iubitorii de ficțiune romantică în anii 1920 și 1930. După al Doilea Război Mondial, romane de succes au fost publicate, printre alții, de Brian O'Nolan sub pseudonimul <a href="/wiki/Brian_O%27Nolan" title="Brian O'Nolan">Flann O'Brien</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Bowen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elizabeth Bowen — pagină inexistentă">Elizabeth Bowen</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Bowen" class="extiw" title="en:Elizabeth Bowen"><span title="„Elizabeth Bowen” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Elizabeth+Bowen&targettitle=Elizabeth+Bowen">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kate_O%27Brien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kate O'Brien — pagină inexistentă">Kate O'Brien</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_O%27Brien" class="extiw" title="en:Kate O'Brien"><span title="„Kate O'Brien” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Kate+O%27Brien&targettitle=Kate+O%27Brien">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>. În ultimele decenii ale secolului al XX-lea, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edna_O%27Brien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edna O'Brien — pagină inexistentă">Edna O'Brien</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edna_O%27Brien" class="extiw" title="en:Edna O'Brien"><span title="„Edna O'Brien” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Edna+O%27Brien&targettitle=Edna+O%27Brien">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_McGahern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John McGahern — pagină inexistentă">John McGahern</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McGahern" class="extiw" title="en:John McGahern"><span title="„John McGahern” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=John+McGahern&targettitle=John+McGahern">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maeve_Binchy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maeve Binchy — pagină inexistentă">Maeve Binchy</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maeve_Binchy" class="extiw" title="en:Maeve Binchy"><span title="„Maeve Binchy” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Maeve+Binchy&targettitle=Maeve+Binchy">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_O%27Connor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph O'Connor — pagină inexistentă">Joseph O'Connor</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_O%27Connor" class="extiw" title="en:Joseph O'Connor"><span title="„Joseph O'Connor” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Joseph+O%27Connor&targettitle=Joseph+O%27Connor">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Roddy_Doyle" title="Roddy Doyle">Roddy Doyle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colm_T%C3%B3ib%C3%ADn" title="Colm Tóibín">Colm Tóibín</a> și <a href="/wiki/John_Banville" title="John Banville">John Banville</a> au ieșit în evidență ca romancieri.<sup id="cite_ref-litt_213-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-litt-213"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Yeats1923.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Yeats1923.jpg/170px-Yeats1923.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Yeats1923.jpg/255px-Yeats1923.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Yeats1923.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/W._B._Yeats" class="mw-redirect" title="W. B. Yeats">W. B. Yeats</a> (1865–1939)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patricia_Lynch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patricia Lynch — pagină inexistentă">Patricia Lynch</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia_Lynch" class="extiw" title="en:Patricia Lynch"><span title="„Patricia Lynch” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Patricia+Lynch&targettitle=Patricia+Lynch">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> (1898–1972) a fost o prolifică autoare pentru copii, dar și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eoin_Colfer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eoin Colfer — pagină inexistentă">Eoin Colfer</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eoin_Colfer" class="extiw" title="en:Eoin Colfer"><span title="„Eoin Colfer” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Eoin+Colfer&targettitle=Eoin+Colfer">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> a avut recent un succes deosebit în acest gen literar. În genul povestirii, formă de literatură preferată de numeroși scriitori irlandezi, cele mai importante figuri au fost <a href="/w/index.php?title=Se%C3%A1n_%C3%93_Faol%C3%A1in&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seán Ó Faoláin — pagină inexistentă">Seán Ó Faoláin</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_%C3%93_Faol%C3%A1in" class="extiw" title="en:Seán Ó Faoláin"><span title="„Seán Ó Faoláin” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Se%C3%A1n+%C3%93+Faol%C3%A1in&targettitle=Se%C3%A1n+%C3%93+Faol%C3%A1in">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_O%27Connor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank O'Connor — pagină inexistentă">Frank O'Connor</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_O%27Connor" class="extiw" title="en:Frank O'Connor"><span title="„Frank O'Connor” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Frank+O%27Connor&targettitle=Frank+O%27Connor">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și <a href="/wiki/William_Trevor" title="William Trevor">William Trevor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-litt_213-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-litt-213"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Între poeții irlandezi de seamă, se numără <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrick_Kavanagh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patrick Kavanagh — pagină inexistentă">Patrick Kavanagh</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Kavanagh" class="extiw" title="en:Patrick Kavanagh"><span title="„Patrick Kavanagh” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Patrick+Kavanagh&targettitle=Patrick+Kavanagh">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_McCarthy_(poet)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas McCarthy (poet) — pagină inexistentă">Thomas McCarthy</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_McCarthy_(poet)" class="extiw" title="en:Thomas McCarthy (poet)"><span title="„Thomas McCarthy (poet)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Thomas+McCarthy+%28poet%29&targettitle=Thomas+McCarthy+%28poet%29">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dermot_Bolger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dermot Bolger — pagină inexistentă">Dermot Bolger</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermot_Bolger" class="extiw" title="en:Dermot Bolger"><span title="„Dermot Bolger” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Dermot+Bolger&targettitle=Dermot+Bolger">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, și laureații <a href="/wiki/Premiul_Nobel_pentru_Literatur%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Premiul Nobel pentru Literatură">Premiului Nobel pentru Literatură</a> <a href="/wiki/W._B._Yeats" class="mw-redirect" title="W. B. Yeats">William Butler Yeats</a> și <a href="/wiki/Seamus_Heaney" title="Seamus Heaney">Seamus Heaney</a> (născut în Irlanda de Nord, dar locuitor al Dublinului). În limba irlandeză, cei mai importanți scriitori sunt <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A1draic_%C3%93_Conaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pádraic Ó Conaire — pagină inexistentă">Pádraic Ó Conaire</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1draic_%C3%93_Conaire" class="extiw" title="en:Pádraic Ó Conaire"><span title="„Pádraic Ó Conaire” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=P%C3%A1draic+%C3%93+Conaire&targettitle=P%C3%A1draic+%C3%93+Conaire">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A1irt%C3%ADn_%C3%93_Cadhain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Máirtín Ó Cadhain — pagină inexistentă">Máirtín Ó Cadhain</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1irt%C3%ADn_%C3%93_Cadhain" class="extiw" title="en:Máirtín Ó Cadhain"><span title="„Máirtín Ó Cadhain” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=M%C3%A1irt%C3%ADn+%C3%93+Cadhain&targettitle=M%C3%A1irt%C3%ADn+%C3%93+Cadhain">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A9amus_%C3%93_Grianna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Séamus Ó Grianna — pagină inexistentă">Séamus Ó Grianna</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9amus_%C3%93_Grianna" class="extiw" title="en:Séamus Ó Grianna"><span title="„Séamus Ó Grianna” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=S%C3%A9amus+%C3%93+Grianna&targettitle=S%C3%A9amus+%C3%93+Grianna">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuala_N%C3%AD_Dhomhnaill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuala Ní Dhomhnaill — pagină inexistentă">Nuala Ní Dhomhnaill</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuala_N%C3%AD_Dhomhnaill" class="extiw" title="en:Nuala Ní Dhomhnaill"><span title="„Nuala Ní Dhomhnaill” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Nuala+N%C3%AD+Dhomhnaill&targettitle=Nuala+N%C3%AD+Dhomhnaill">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>. </p><p>Istoria teatrului irlandez începe odată cu expansiunea administrației engleze în Dublin la începutul secolului al XVII-lea și de atunci, Irlanda a avut importante contribuții la teatrul anglofon.<sup id="cite_ref-teat_216-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teat-216"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În istoria lor timpurie, producțiile teatrale din Irlanda tindeau să slujească obiectivelor politice, dar, pe măsură ce se deschideau mai multe teatre și pe măsură ce publicul creștea, au început să fie jucate spectacole din ce în ce mai diverse. Multe teatre din Dublin și-au dezvoltat legături cu echivalentele lor londoneze, iar producțiile britanice își găseau frecvent locul pe scena irlandeză. Majoritatea dramaturgilor irlandezi însă mergeau în străinătate pentru a se remarca.<sup id="cite_ref-teat_216-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teat-216"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În secolul al XVIII-lea, <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Goldsmith" title="Oliver Goldsmith">Oliver Goldsmith</a> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Brinsley_Sheridan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Brinsley Sheridan — pagină inexistentă">Richard Brinsley Sheridan</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Brinsley_Sheridan" class="extiw" title="en:Richard Brinsley Sheridan"><span title="„Richard Brinsley Sheridan” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Richard+Brinsley+Sheridan&targettitle=Richard+Brinsley+Sheridan">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> au fost doi dintre cei mai de succes dramaturgi ai scenei londoneze din vremea lor.<sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-217"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La începutul secolului al XX-lea, companiile de teatru s-au dedicat mai mult punerii în scenă de piese irlandeze și a început o dezvoltare a domeniului, de la dramaturgi la regizori și actori, ceea ce a permis multor autori irlandezi să învețe arta și să-și creeze o reputație în Irlanda mai mult decât în Marea Britanie sau în Statele Unite. Urmând tradiția unor mari autori, în principal <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Oscar Wilde</a> și laureații Premiului Nobel pentru Literatură <a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a> (1925) și <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Samuel Beckett</a> (1969), dramaturgi ca <a href="/wiki/Sean_O%27Casey" title="Sean O'Casey">Seán O'Casey</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brian_Friel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brian Friel — pagină inexistentă">Brian Friel</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Friel" class="extiw" title="en:Brian Friel"><span title="„Brian Friel” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Brian+Friel&targettitle=Brian+Friel">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebastian_Barry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sebastian Barry — pagină inexistentă">Sebastian Barry</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebastian_Barry" class="extiw" title="en:Sebastian Barry"><span title="„Sebastian Barry” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Sebastian+Barry&targettitle=Sebastian+Barry">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Brendan_Behan" title="Brendan Behan">Brendan Behan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conor_McPherson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conor McPherson — pagină inexistentă">Conor McPherson</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conor_McPherson" class="extiw" title="en:Conor McPherson"><span title="„Conor McPherson” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Conor+McPherson&targettitle=Conor+McPherson">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Billy_Roche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Billy Roche — pagină inexistentă">Billy Roche</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Roche" class="extiw" title="en:Billy Roche"><span title="„Billy Roche” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Billy+Roche&targettitle=Billy+Roche">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> au avut succes.<sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-218"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alți dramaturgi irlandezi ai secolului al XX-lea sunt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Denis_Johnston&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Denis Johnston — pagină inexistentă">Denis Johnston</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis_Johnston" class="extiw" title="en:Denis Johnston"><span title="„Denis Johnston” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Denis+Johnston&targettitle=Denis+Johnston">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Kilroy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Kilroy — pagină inexistentă">Thomas Kilroy</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Kilroy" class="extiw" title="en:Thomas Kilroy"><span title="„Thomas Kilroy” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Thomas+Kilroy&targettitle=Thomas+Kilroy">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Murphy_(dramaturg)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tom Murphy (dramaturg) — pagină inexistentă">Tom Murphy</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Murphy_(playwright)" class="extiw" title="en:Tom Murphy (playwright)"><span title="„Tom Murphy (playwright)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Tom+Murphy+%28playwright%29&targettitle=Tom+Murphy+%28dramaturg%29">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Leonard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugh Leonard — pagină inexistentă">Hugh Leonard</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Leonard" class="extiw" title="en:Hugh Leonard"><span title="„Hugh Leonard” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Hugh+Leonard&targettitle=Hugh+Leonard">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_McGuinness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank McGuinness — pagină inexistentă">Frank McGuinness</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_McGuinness" class="extiw" title="en:Frank McGuinness"><span title="„Frank McGuinness” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Frank+McGuinness&targettitle=Frank+McGuinness">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_B._Keane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John B. Keane — pagină inexistentă">John B. Keane</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_B._Keane" class="extiw" title="en:John B. Keane"><span title="„John B. Keane” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=John+B.+Keane&targettitle=John+B.+Keane">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-219" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-219"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Muzică_și_dans"><span id="Muzic.C4.83_.C8.99i_dans"></span>Muzică și dans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Modifică secțiunea: Muzică și dans" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: Muzică și dans"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muzic%C4%83_popular%C4%83_irlandez%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muzică populară irlandeză — pagină inexistentă">Muzica tradițională irlandeză</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_music_of_Ireland" class="extiw" title="en:Folk music of Ireland"><span title="„Folk music of Ireland” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Folk+music+of+Ireland&targettitle=Muzic%C4%83+popular%C4%83+irlandez%C4%83">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> a rămas vibrantă, în ciuda forțelor culturale globalizatoare, și păstrează numeroase aspecte tradiționale.<sup id="cite_ref-music2_220-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-music2-220"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ea a influențat diferite genuri muzicale, cum ar fi country-ul american și muzica <i>roots</i>, și până la un punct și rockul modern.<sup id="cite_ref-music2_220-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-music2-220"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Uneori, ea s-a combinat cu stiluri ca rock-and-roll și punk rock. Irlanda a produs și mulți artiști cunoscuți pe plan internațional în alte genuri, cum ar fi rock, pop, jazz și blues, printre cei mai importanți numărându-se cei de la <a href="/wiki/U2" title="U2">U2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sin%C3%A9ad_O%27Connor" title="Sinéad O'Connor">Sinéad O'Connor</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Van_Morrison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Van Morrison — pagină inexistentă">Van Morrison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enya" title="Enya">Enya</a> și <a href="/wiki/The_Cranberries" title="The Cranberries">The Cranberries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-221" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-221"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:The_Frames,_cont.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/The_Frames%2C_cont.jpg/220px-The_Frames%2C_cont.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/The_Frames%2C_cont.jpg/330px-The_Frames%2C_cont.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/The_Frames%2C_cont.jpg/440px-The_Frames%2C_cont.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Frames&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Frames — pagină inexistentă">The Frames</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Frames" class="extiw" title="en:The Frames"><span title="„The Frames” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=The+Frames&targettitle=The+Frames">traduceți</a>]</small></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Există mai multe ansambluri de muzică clasică în țară, printre care și <a href="/w/index.php?title=RT%C3%89_Performing_Groups&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RTÉ Performing Groups — pagină inexistentă">RTÉ Performing Groups</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT%C3%89_Performing_Groups" class="extiw" title="en:RTÉ Performing Groups"><span title="„RTÉ Performing Groups” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=RT%C3%89+Performing+Groups&targettitle=RT%C3%89+Performing+Groups">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-222" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-222"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Irlanda are trei organizații de operă. Opera Ireland produce opere elaborate la Dublin, Opera Theatre Company ține turnee de cameră în toată țara; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Festivalul_de_Oper%C4%83_de_la_Wexford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Festivalul de Operă de la Wexford — pagină inexistentă">Festivalul de Operă de la Wexford</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wexford_Festival_Opera" class="extiw" title="en:Wexford Festival Opera"><span title="„Wexford Festival Opera” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Wexford+Festival+Opera&targettitle=Festivalul+de+Oper%C4%83+de+la+Wexford">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, care promovează opere mai puțin cunoscute, are loc anual în octombrie și noiembrie.<sup id="cite_ref-223" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Irlanda a participat la <a href="/wiki/Concursul_Muzical_Eurovision" title="Concursul Muzical Eurovision">Concursul Muzical Eurovision</a> începând cu 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-224" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-224"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> L-a câștigat pentru prima oară în 1970, când <a href="/wiki/Dana_Rosemary_Scallon" title="Dana Rosemary Scallon">Dana</a> s-a prezentat cu cântecul <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=All_Kinds_of_Everything&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="All Kinds of Everything — pagină inexistentă">All Kinds of Everything</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Kinds_of_Everything" class="extiw" title="en:All Kinds of Everything"><span title="„All Kinds of Everything” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=All+Kinds+of+Everything&targettitle=All+Kinds+of+Everything">traduceți</a>]</small></sup></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-225" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De atunci, Irlanda a câștigat concursul de încă șapte ori,<sup id="cite_ref-226" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-226"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-227" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-227"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> cel mai mare număr de victorii al oricărei țări. Fenomenul <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riverdance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Riverdance — pagină inexistentă">Riverdance</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverdance" class="extiw" title="en:Riverdance"><span title="„Riverdance” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Riverdance&targettitle=Riverdance">traduceți</a>]</small></sup></i> a început ca spectacol de pauză la <a href="/wiki/Concursul_Muzical_Eurovision_1994" title="Concursul Muzical Eurovision 1994">concursul din 1994</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-228" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-228"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>227<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dansul irlandez se poate împărți în dans social și dans de performanță. Dansurile sociale se pot împărți în <i>céilí</i> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Set_dance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Set dance — pagină inexistentă">set dance-uri</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_dance" class="extiw" title="en:Set dance"><span title="„Set dance” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Set+dance&targettitle=Set+dance">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-danbbc_229-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-danbbc-229"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Acestea din urmă sunt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cadril&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cadril — pagină inexistentă">cadriluri</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/quadrilles" class="extiw" title="en:quadrilles"><span title="„quadrilles” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=quadrilles&targettitle=Cadril">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, dansate de patru perechi așezate în pătrat, în timp ce <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A9il%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Céilí — pagină inexistentă">dansurile céilí</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceili_dance" class="extiw" title="en:Ceili dance"><span title="„Ceili dance” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Ceili+dance&targettitle=c%C3%A9il%C3%AD">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> se execută în diferite formații de la o singură pereche la 16 persoane.<sup id="cite_ref-dan_230-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dan-230"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Există și numeroase diferențe stilistice între cele două forme. Dansul social irlandez este o tradiție vie, variații ale fiecărui dans fiind întâlnite în diverse forme pe teritoriul țării. În unele locuri, dansurile sunt intenționat modificate și se dezvoltă noi dansuri. Dansul de performanță este denumit tradițional <i>step</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Step_irlandez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Step irlandez — pagină inexistentă">Stepul irlandez</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_stepdance" class="extiw" title="en:Irish stepdance"><span title="„Irish stepdance” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Irish+stepdance&targettitle=Step+irlandez">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, popularizat de show-ul <i>Riverdance</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-danbbc_229-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-danbbc-229"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> este notabil pentru mișcările rapide din picioare, cu corpul și brațele în mare parte nemișcate.<sup id="cite_ref-dan_230-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dan-230"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stepul solo este în general caracterizat prin ținerea părții superioare a corpului în mișcări limitate, dar nu rigid, brațe drepte și mișcări rapide și precise ale picioarelor.<sup id="cite_ref-dan_230-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dan-230"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dansurile solo pot fi fie în „pantof moale”, fie în „pantof tare”.<sup id="cite_ref-dan_230-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dan-230"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arhitectura">Arhitectura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Modifică secțiunea: Arhitectura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section's source code: Arhitectura"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Paulnabrone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Paulnabrone.jpg/220px-Paulnabrone.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Paulnabrone.jpg/330px-Paulnabrone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Paulnabrone.jpg/440px-Paulnabrone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolmenul_Poulnabrone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dolmenul Poulnabrone — pagină inexistentă">Dolmenul Poulnabrone</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poulnabrone_dolmen" class="extiw" title="en:Poulnabrone dolmen"><span title="„Poulnabrone dolmen” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Poulnabrone+dolmen&targettitle=Dolmenul+Poulnabrone">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> din <a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Clare" title="Comitatul Clare">comitatul Clare</a> a fost construit în <a href="/wiki/Neolitic" title="Neolitic">neolitic</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Irlanda are o gamă foarte largă de construcții,<sup id="cite_ref-231" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-231"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>230<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> care dăinuie în diferite stări de conservare, datând începând cu perioada <a href="/wiki/Neolitic" title="Neolitic">neolitică</a>, cum ar fi <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Br%C3%BA_na_B%C3%B3inne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brú na Bóinne — pagină inexistentă">Brú na Bóinne</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%BA_na_B%C3%B3inne" class="extiw" title="ne:Brú na Bóinne"><span title="„Brú na Bóinne” la Wikipedia în nepaleză">ne</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=ne&page=Br%C3%BA+na+B%C3%B3inne&targettitle=Br%C3%BA+na+B%C3%B3inne">traduceți</a>]</small></sup></i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolmenul_Poulnabrone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dolmenul Poulnabrone — pagină inexistentă">dolmenul Poulnabrone</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poulnabrone_dolmen" class="extiw" title="en:Poulnabrone dolmen"><span title="„Poulnabrone dolmen” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Poulnabrone+dolmen&targettitle=dolmenul+Poulnabrone">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Piatra_Castlestrange&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piatra Castlestrange — pagină inexistentă">Piatra Castlestrange</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castlestrange_stone" class="extiw" title="en:Castlestrange stone"><span title="„Castlestrange stone” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Castlestrange+stone&targettitle=Piatra+Castlestrange">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Piatra_Turoe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piatra Turoe — pagină inexistentă">Piatra Turoe</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turoe_stone" class="extiw" title="en:Turoe stone"><span title="„Turoe stone” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Turoe+stone&targettitle=Piatra+Turoe">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cercul_de_piatr%C4%83_Drombeg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cercul de piatră Drombeg — pagină inexistentă">cercul de piatră Drombeg</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drombeg_stone_circle" class="extiw" title="en:Drombeg stone circle"><span title="„Drombeg stone circle” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Drombeg+stone+circle&targettitle=cercul+de+piatr%C4%83+Drombeg">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-232" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-232"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>231<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Întrucât romanii nu au cucerit niciodată Irlanda, arhitectură de origine greco-romană este extrem de rară. În schimb, țara a trecut printr-o perioadă lungă de arhitectură a <a href="/wiki/Epoca_Fierului" title="Epoca Fierului">Epocii Fierului</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-233" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-233"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>232<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turnul_rotund_irlandez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turnul rotund irlandez — pagină inexistentă">Turnul rotund irlandez</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_round_tower" class="extiw" title="en:Irish round tower"><span title="„Irish round tower” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Irish+round+tower&targettitle=Turnul+rotund+irlandez">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> își are originea la începutul <a href="/wiki/Evul_Mediu" title="Evul Mediu">Evului Mediu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-234" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-234"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>233<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:A_high_cross_and_round_tower_at_Monasterboice,_Ireland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/A_high_cross_and_round_tower_at_Monasterboice%2C_Ireland.jpg/220px-A_high_cross_and_round_tower_at_Monasterboice%2C_Ireland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/A_high_cross_and_round_tower_at_Monasterboice%2C_Ireland.jpg/330px-A_high_cross_and_round_tower_at_Monasterboice%2C_Ireland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/A_high_cross_and_round_tower_at_Monasterboice%2C_Ireland.jpg/440px-A_high_cross_and_round_tower_at_Monasterboice%2C_Ireland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2950" data-file-height="2285" /></a><figcaption>Ruinele <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monasterboice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monasterboice — pagină inexistentă">Monasterboice</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monasterboice" class="extiw" title="en:Monasterboice"><span title="„Monasterboice” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Monasterboice&targettitle=Monasterboice">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> din <a href="/wiki/Comitatul_Louth" title="Comitatul Louth">comitatul Louth</a> aparțin unei așezări creștine timpurii.</figcaption></figure> <p>Creștinismul a introdus case monastice simple, cum ar fi <a href="/wiki/Clonmacnoise" title="Clonmacnoise">Clonmacnoise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skellig_Michael" title="Skellig Michael">Skellig Michael</a> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Catedrala_%C8%99i_m%C4%83n%C4%83stirea_din_insula_Scattery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catedrala și mănăstirea din insula Scattery — pagină inexistentă">insula Scattery</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scattery_Island_Cathedral_and_Monastery" class="extiw" title="en:Scattery Island Cathedral and Monastery"><span title="„Scattery Island Cathedral and Monastery” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Scattery+Island+Cathedral+and+Monastery&targettitle=catedrala+%C8%99i+m%C4%83n%C4%83stirea+din+insula+Scattery">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>. O similitudine stilistică s-a remarcat și între aceste duble mănăstiri și cele ale <a href="/wiki/Cop%C8%9Bi" title="Copți">copților</a> din <a href="/wiki/Egipt" title="Egipt">Egipt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-235" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-235"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>234<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regii și aristocrații gaelici ocupau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetate_inelar%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cetate inelară — pagină inexistentă">cetăți inelare</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ringfort" class="extiw" title="en:ringfort"><span title="„ringfort” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=ringfort&targettitle=Cetate+inelar%C4%83">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> sau <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crann%C3%B3g&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crannóg — pagină inexistentă">crannóg</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/crann%C3%B3g" class="extiw" title="en:crannóg"><span title="„crannóg” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=crann%C3%B3g&targettitle=crann%C3%B3g">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>-uri</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-vikperiod_236-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vikperiod-236"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>235<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reformele eclesiastice din secolul al XII-lea aduse de <a href="/wiki/Cistercieni" class="mw-redirect" title="Cistercieni">cistercieni</a> au stimulat o influență continentală, cu <a href="/wiki/Romanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanic">stilul romanesc</a> prezent la mănăstirile <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%83n%C4%83stirea_Mellifont&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mănăstirea Mellifont — pagină inexistentă">Mellifont</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mellifont_Abbey" class="extiw" title="en:Mellifont Abbey"><span title="„Mellifont Abbey” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Mellifont+Abbey&targettitle=M%C4%83n%C4%83stirea+Mellifont">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%83n%C4%83stirea_Boyle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mănăstirea Boyle — pagină inexistentă">Boyle</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyle_Abbey" class="extiw" title="en:Boyle Abbey"><span title="„Boyle Abbey” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Boyle+Abbey&targettitle=M%C4%83n%C4%83stirea+Boyle">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%83n%C4%83stirea_Tintern,_Wexford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mănăstirea Tintern, Wexford — pagină inexistentă">Tintern</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tintern_Abbey_(County_Wexford)" class="extiw" title="en:Tintern Abbey (County Wexford)"><span title="„Tintern Abbey (County Wexford)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Tintern+Abbey+%28County+Wexford%29&targettitle=M%C4%83n%C4%83stirea+Tintern%2C+Wexford">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-237" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-237"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Așezările gaelice nu erau mai mari decât niște proto-orașe monastice, cum ar fi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kells,_Meath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kells, Meath — pagină inexistentă">Kells</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kells,_County_Meath" class="extiw" title="en:Kells, County Meath"><span title="„Kells, County Meath” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Kells%2C+County+Meath&targettitle=Kells%2C+Meath">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, unde și astăzi aranjamentul străzilor mai păstrează din conturul circular inițial.<sup id="cite_ref-238" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-238"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>237<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Orașe mai mari s-au dezvoltat doar după perioada invaziilor vikingilor.<sup id="cite_ref-vikperiod_236-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vikperiod-236"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>235<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marile <a href="/w/index.php?title=Longphort&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Longphort — pagină inexistentă">Longphort</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longphort" class="extiw" title="en:Longphort"><span title="„Longphort” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Longphort&targettitle=Longphort">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>-uri vikinge (cetăți-porturi) se aflau pe coastă, cu mici așezări fluviale mai în adâncul continentului, cum ar fi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Longford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Longford — pagină inexistentă">Longford</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longford" class="extiw" title="en:Longford"><span title="„Longford” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Longford&targettitle=Longford">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>. </p><p>Castele au fost construite de <a href="/wiki/Normanzi" title="Normanzi">normanzi</a> după sfârșitul secolului al XII-lea, cum ar fi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Castelul_Dublin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castelul Dublin — pagină inexistentă">castelul Dublin</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Castle" class="extiw" title="en:Dublin Castle"><span title="„Dublin Castle” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Dublin+Castle&targettitle=castelul+Dublin">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Castelul_Kilkenny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castelul Kilkenny — pagină inexistentă">castelul Kilkenny</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny_Castle" class="extiw" title="en:Kilkenny Castle"><span title="„Kilkenny Castle” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Kilkenny+Castle&targettitle=castelul+Kilkenny">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>,<sup id="cite_ref-239" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-239"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>238<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> și tot atunci a fost introdus conceptul de oraș-târg planificat și înconjurat de zid, care a dobândit statut legal și drepturi speciale printr-o cartă tipic <a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">feudală</a>. Aceste carte guvernau anume organizarea acestor orașe.<sup id="cite_ref-240" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-240"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>239<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Au urmat două valuri importante de orașe planificate, primul fiind orașele-plantație din secolele al XVI-lea și al XVII-lea, utilizate ca mecanism pentru regii englezi din <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Tudor" title="Dinastia Tudor">dinastia Tudor</a> pentru a suprima insurgența locală, urmată de orașele nobiliare din secolul al XVIII-lea.<sup id="cite_ref-241" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-241"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>240<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Între orașele planificate ridicate în vremea normanzilor și care mai dăinuie se numără <a href="/wiki/Drogheda" title="Drogheda">Drogheda</a> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Youghal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Youghal — pagină inexistentă">Youghal</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youghal" class="extiw" title="en:Youghal"><span title="„Youghal” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Youghal&targettitle=Youghal">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>; orașe-plantație sunt <a href="/wiki/Portlaoise" title="Portlaoise">Portlaoise</a> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portarlington,_Laois&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portarlington, Laois — pagină inexistentă">Portarlington</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portarlington,_County_Laois" class="extiw" title="en:Portarlington, County Laois"><span title="„Portarlington, County Laois” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Portarlington%2C+County+Laois&targettitle=Portarlington%2C+Laois">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>; orașe planificate de secol al XVIII-lea bine păstrate sunt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Westport,_Mayo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westport, Mayo — pagină inexistentă">Westport</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westport,_County_Mayo" class="extiw" title="en:Westport, County Mayo"><span title="„Westport, County Mayo” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Westport%2C+County+Mayo&targettitle=Westport%2C+Mayo">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ballinasloe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ballinasloe — pagină inexistentă">Ballinasloe</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballinasloe" class="extiw" title="en:Ballinasloe"><span title="„Ballinasloe” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Ballinasloe&targettitle=Ballinasloe">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>. Aceste episoade de construcție planificată stau la originea majorităților orașelor actuale din țară. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Custom_House,_Dublin,_Ireland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Custom_House%2C_Dublin%2C_Ireland.jpg/220px-Custom_House%2C_Dublin%2C_Ireland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Custom_House%2C_Dublin%2C_Ireland.jpg/330px-Custom_House%2C_Dublin%2C_Ireland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Custom_House%2C_Dublin%2C_Ireland.jpg/440px-Custom_House%2C_Dublin%2C_Ireland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Casa_v%C4%83mii_din_Dublin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Casa vămii din Dublin — pagină inexistentă">Casa vămii din Dublin</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Custom_House" class="extiw" title="en:Dublin Custom House"><span title="„Dublin Custom House” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Dublin+Custom+House&targettitle=Casa+v%C4%83mii+din+Dublin">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> este o <a href="/wiki/Arhitectura_neoclasic%C4%83" title="Arhitectura neoclasică">clădire neoclasică</a> de la sfârșitul secolului al XVIII-lea.</figcaption></figure> <p>Tot normanzii au introdus și catedrale <a href="/wiki/Arhitectur%C4%83_gotic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Arhitectură gotică">gotice</a>, cum ar fi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Catedrala_%E2%80%9ESf%C3%A2ntul_Patrick%E2%80%9D_din_Dublin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catedrala „Sfântul Patrick” din Dublin — pagină inexistentă">St Patrick's</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Patrick%27s_Cathedral,_Dublin" class="extiw" title="en:St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin"><span title="„St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=St+Patrick%27s+Cathedral%2C+Dublin&targettitle=Catedrala+%E2%80%9ESf%C3%A2ntul+Patrick%E2%80%9D+din+Dublin">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-242" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-242"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>241<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">Franciscanii</a> erau o organizație dominantă în domeniul mănăstirilor în Evul Mediu Târziu, în timp ce casele elegante cu turn, cum ar fi <a href="/wiki/Castelul_Bunratty" title="Castelul Bunratty">castelul Bunratty</a>, au fost construite de aristocrația gaelică și normandă.<sup id="cite_ref-243" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-243"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>242<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numeroase clădiri religioase au fost ruinate în cursul <a href="/wiki/Desfiin%C8%9Barea_m%C4%83n%C4%83stirilor_%C3%AEn_Anglia_%C8%99i_Irlanda" title="Desființarea mănăstirilor în Anglia și Irlanda">dizolvării mănăstirilor</a> în timpul lui Henric al VIII-lea.<sup id="cite_ref-244" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-244"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>243<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> După Restaurație, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palladianism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palladianism — pagină inexistentă">palladianismul</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/palladianism" class="extiw" title="en:palladianism"><span title="„palladianism” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=palladianism&targettitle=palladianism">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și <a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">rococo-ul</a>, în special la casele de la țară, au invadat Irlanda la inițiativa lui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Lovett_Pearce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Lovett Pearce — pagină inexistentă">Edward Lovett Pearce</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Lovett_Pearce" class="extiw" title="en:Edward Lovett Pearce"><span title="„Edward Lovett Pearce” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Edward+Lovett+Pearce&targettitle=Edward+Lovett+Pearce">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cl%C4%83direa_Parlamentului_Irlandez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clădirea Parlamentului Irlandez — pagină inexistentă">Clădirea Parlamentului</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Houses_of_Parliament" class="extiw" title="en:Irish Houses of Parliament"><span title="„Irish Houses of Parliament” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Irish+Houses+of+Parliament&targettitle=Cl%C4%83direa+Parlamentului+Irlandez">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> fiind cel mai semnificativ exemplu.<sup id="cite_ref-greenwood_245-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greenwood-245"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>244<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cu ridicarea clădirilor cum ar fi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Casa_v%C4%83mii_din_Dublin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Casa vămii din Dublin — pagină inexistentă">casa vămii</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Custom_House" class="extiw" title="en:The Custom House"><span title="„The Custom House” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=The+Custom+House&targettitle=Casa+v%C4%83mii+din+Dublin">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Four_Courts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Four Courts — pagină inexistentă">Four Courts</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Courts" class="extiw" title="en:Four Courts"><span title="„Four Courts” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Four+Courts&targettitle=Four+Courts">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Po%C8%99ta_General%C4%83_(Dublin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poșta Generală (Dublin) — pagină inexistentă">Poșta Generală</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Post_Office_(Dublin)" class="extiw" title="en:General Post Office (Dublin)"><span title="„General Post Office (Dublin)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=General+Post+Office+%28Dublin%29&targettitle=Po%C8%99ta+General%C4%83+%28Dublin%29">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanurile_Regale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hanurile Regale — pagină inexistentă">Hanurile Regale</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%27s_Inns" class="extiw" title="en:King's Inns"><span title="„King's Inns” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=King%27s+Inns&targettitle=Hanurile+Regale">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, stilurile neoclasic și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arhitectur%C4%83_georgian%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arhitectură georgiană — pagină inexistentă">georgian</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgian_architecture" class="extiw" title="en:Georgian architecture"><span title="„Georgian architecture” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Georgian+architecture&targettitle=Arhitectur%C4%83+georgian%C4%83">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> au înflorit, mai ales în Dublin.<sup id="cite_ref-greenwood_245-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greenwood-245"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>244<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Casele georgiene au format străzi deosebite, mai ales în <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick">Limerick</a> și <a href="/wiki/Cork" title="Cork">Cork</a>. După <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanciparea_Catolicilor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emanciparea Catolicilor — pagină inexistentă">Emanciparea Catolicilor</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Emancipation" class="extiw" title="en:Catholic Emancipation"><span title="„Catholic Emancipation” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Catholic+Emancipation&targettitle=Emanciparea+Catolicilor">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, catedralele și bisericile influențate de <a href="/wiki/Arhitectur%C4%83_neogotic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Arhitectură neogotică">goticul renăscut</a> francez, cum ar fi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Catedrala_Cobh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catedrala Cobh — pagină inexistentă">St Colman's</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobh_Cathedral" class="extiw" title="en:Cobh Cathedral"><span title="„Cobh Cathedral” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Cobh+Cathedral&targettitle=Catedrala+Cobh">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Catedrala_%E2%80%9ESaint_Finbarre%E2%80%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catedrala „Saint Finbarre” — pagină inexistentă">St Finbarre's</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Finbarre%27s_Cathedral" class="extiw" title="en:Saint Finbarre's Cathedral"><span title="„Saint Finbarre's Cathedral” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Saint+Finbarre%27s+Cathedral&targettitle=Catedrala+%E2%80%9ESaint+Finbarre%E2%80%9D">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-greenwood_245-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greenwood-245"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>244<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Irlanda este de mult asociată cu casele cu acoperiș de stuf, deși astăzi ele sunt considerate învechite.<sup id="cite_ref-246" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-246"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>245<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Elysian_tower_Cork.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Elysian_tower_Cork.JPG/170px-Elysian_tower_Cork.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Elysian_tower_Cork.JPG/255px-Elysian_tower_Cork.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Elysian_tower_Cork.JPG/340px-Elysian_tower_Cork.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Turnul <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Elysian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Elysian — pagină inexistentă">The Elysian</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Elysian" class="extiw" title="en:The Elysian"><span title="„The Elysian” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=The+Elysian&targettitle=The+Elysian">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> din <a href="/wiki/Cork" title="Cork">Cork</a> este cea mai înaltă clădire cu etaje din Irlanda.</figcaption></figure> <p>Începând cu biserica <a href="/wiki/Art_deco" class="mw-redirect" title="Art deco">art deco</a> de sorginte americană de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turners_Cross,_Cork&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turners Cross, Cork — pagină inexistentă">Turner's Cross</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turners_Cross,_Cork" class="extiw" title="en:Turners Cross, Cork"><span title="„Turners Cross, Cork” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Turners+Cross%2C+Cork&targettitle=Turners+Cross%2C+Cork">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> din 1927, arhitectura irlandeză a urmat tendințele internaționale către stiluri moderne și elegante începând cu secolul al XX-lea.<sup id="cite_ref-247" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-247"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>246<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Construcții recente sunt reamenajarea cartierului <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ballymun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ballymun — pagină inexistentă">Ballymun</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballymun" class="extiw" title="en:Ballymun"><span title="„Ballymun” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Ballymun&targettitle=Ballymun">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și o extensie urbană a Dublinului de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adamstown,_Dublin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adamstown, Dublin — pagină inexistentă">Adamstown</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adamstown,_Dublin" class="extiw" title="en:Adamstown, Dublin"><span title="„Adamstown, Dublin” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Adamstown%2C+Dublin&targettitle=Adamstown%2C+Dublin">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-248" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-248"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>247<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De la reînființarea <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dublin_Docklands_Development_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dublin Docklands Development Authority — pagină inexistentă">Dublin Docklands Development Authority</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Docklands_Development_Authority" class="extiw" title="en:Dublin Docklands Development Authority"><span title="„Dublin Docklands Development Authority” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Dublin+Docklands+Development+Authority&targettitle=Dublin+Docklands+Development+Authority">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> în 1997, zona <a href="/w/index.php?title=Docurile_din_Dublin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Docurile din Dublin — pagină inexistentă">Docurilor din Dublin</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Docklands" class="extiw" title="en:Dublin Docklands"><span title="„Dublin Docklands” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Dublin+Docklands&targettitle=Docurile+din+Dublin">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> a fost redezvoltată pe scară largă, construindu-se și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Convention_Centre_Dublin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Convention Centre Dublin — pagină inexistentă">Convention Centre Dublin</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_Centre_Dublin" class="extiw" title="en:Convention Centre Dublin"><span title="„Convention Centre Dublin” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Convention+Centre+Dublin&targettitle=Convention+Centre+Dublin">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teatrul_Grand_Canal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teatrul Grand Canal — pagină inexistentă">Teatrul Grand Canal</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Canal_Theatre" class="extiw" title="en:Grand Canal Theatre"><span title="„Grand Canal Theatre” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Grand+Canal+Theatre&targettitle=Teatrul+Grand+Canal">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-249" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-249"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>248<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Terminat în 2008, turnul <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Elysian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Elysian — pagină inexistentă">the Elysian</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/the_Elysian" class="extiw" title="en:the Elysian"><span title="„the Elysian” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=the+Elysian&targettitle=the+Elysian">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> din Cork este cea mai înaltă clădire cu etaje din țară (cea mai înaltă clădire de pe insulă fiind <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turnul_Obel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turnul Obel — pagină inexistentă">Turnul Obel</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obel_Tower" class="extiw" title="en:Obel Tower"><span title="„Obel Tower” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Obel+Tower&targettitle=Turnul+Obel">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> din <a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irlanda_de_Nord" title="Irlanda de Nord">Irlanda de Nord</a>), cu o înălțime de 71 m, depășind <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prim%C4%83ria_Cork&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primăria Cork — pagină inexistentă">Primăria Cork</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork_County_Hall" class="extiw" title="en:Cork County Hall"><span title="„Cork County Hall” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Cork+County+Hall&targettitle=Prim%C4%83ria+Cork">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-irishcentral.com_2016-05-05_250-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irishcentral.com_2016-05-05-250"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>249<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mass-media">Mass-media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Modifică secțiunea: Mass-media" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section's source code: Mass-media"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Raidi%C3%B3_Teilif%C3%ADs_%C3%89ireann" title="Raidió Teilifís Éireann">Raidió Teilifís Éireann</a> (RTÉ) este televiziunea publică în Irlanda, fiind finanțată printr-o taxă pentru televiziune și din publicitate.<sup id="cite_ref-rtea_251-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rtea-251"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> RTÉ deține două posturi TV naționale, <a href="/w/index.php?title=RT%C3%89_One&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RTÉ One — pagină inexistentă">RTÉ One</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT%C3%89_One" class="extiw" title="en:RTÉ One"><span title="„RTÉ One” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=RT%C3%89+One&targettitle=RT%C3%89+One">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și <a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_Two" title="RTÉ Two">RTÉ Two</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rtea_251-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rtea-251"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Celelalte posturi naționale independente sunt <a href="/w/index.php?title=TV3_(Irlanda)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TV3 (Irlanda) — pagină inexistentă">TV3</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV3_(Ireland)" class="extiw" title="en:TV3 (Ireland)"><span title="„TV3 (Ireland)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=TV3+%28Ireland%29&targettitle=TV3+%28Irlanda%29">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=3e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3e — pagină inexistentă">3e</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3e" class="extiw" title="en:3e"><span title="„3e” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=3e&targettitle=3e">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=TG4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TG4 — pagină inexistentă">TG4</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TG4" class="extiw" title="en:TG4"><span title="„TG4” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=TG4&targettitle=TG4">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, ultimul fiind un post de serviciu public pentru vorbitorii de limbă irlandeză. Acestea sunt disponibile pe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saorview&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saorview — pagină inexistentă">Saorview</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saorview" class="extiw" title="en:Saorview"><span title="„Saorview” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Saorview&targettitle=Saorview">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, serviciul național de televiziune digitală terestră.<sup id="cite_ref-252" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-252"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>251<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alte canale incluse în acest serviciu sunt <a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_Two" title="RTÉ Two">RTÉ Two HD</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=RT%C3%89_News_Now&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RTÉ News Now — pagină inexistentă">RTÉ News Now</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT%C3%89_News_Now" class="extiw" title="en:RTÉ News Now"><span title="„RTÉ News Now” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=RT%C3%89+News+Now&targettitle=RT%C3%89+News+Now">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=RT%C3%89jr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RTÉjr — pagină inexistentă">RTÉjr</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT%C3%89jr" class="extiw" title="en:RTÉjr"><span title="„RTÉjr” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=RT%C3%89jr&targettitle=RT%C3%89jr">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și RTÉ One +1.<sup id="cite_ref-rtea_251-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rtea-251"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furnizorii pe bază de abonament sunt <a href="/w/index.php?title=UPC_Irlanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UPC Irlanda — pagină inexistentă">UPC</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UPC_Ireland" class="extiw" title="en:UPC Ireland"><span title="„UPC Ireland” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=UPC+Ireland&targettitle=UPC+Irlanda">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sky_(Regatul_Unit_%C8%99i_Irlanda)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sky (Regatul Unit și Irlanda) — pagină inexistentă">Sky</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_(UK_%26_Ireland)" class="extiw" title="en:Sky (UK & Ireland)"><span title="„Sky (UK & Ireland)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Sky+%28UK+%26+Ireland%29&targettitle=Sky+%28Regatul+Unit+%C8%99i+Irlanda%29">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-253" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-253"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>252<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Susținută de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Comisia_Irlandez%C4%83_pentru_Film&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comisia Irlandeză pentru Film — pagină inexistentă">An Bord Scannán na hÉireann</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Film_Board" class="extiw" title="en:Irish Film Board"><span title="„Irish Film Board” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Irish+Film+Board&targettitle=Comisia+Irlandez%C4%83+pentru+Film">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, industria cinematografică irlandeză a crescut mult începând cu anii 1990, odată cu promovarea filmelor irlandeze precum și de atragerea unor producții internaționale ca <i><a href="/wiki/Inim%C4%83_ne%C3%AEnfricat%C4%83" title="Inimă neînfricată">Inimă neînfricată</a></i> și <i><a href="/wiki/Salva%C8%9Bi_soldatul_Ryan" title="Salvați soldatul Ryan">Salvați soldatul Ryan</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Media_Landscape_254-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Media_Landscape-254"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>253<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Numeroase posturi regionale și locale de radio emit pe teritoriul țării. Un sondaj a arătat că 85% dintre adulți ascultă zilnic posturi de radio naționale, regionale și locale.<sup id="cite_ref-255" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-255"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>254<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=RT%C3%89_Radio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RTÉ Radio — pagină inexistentă">RTÉ Radio</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT%C3%89_Radio" class="extiw" title="en:RTÉ Radio"><span title="„RTÉ Radio” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=RT%C3%89+Radio&targettitle=RT%C3%89+Radio">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> deține patru posturi naționale, <a href="/w/index.php?title=RT%C3%89_Radio_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RTÉ Radio 1 — pagină inexistentă">Radio 1</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT%C3%89_Radio_1" class="extiw" title="en:RTÉ Radio 1"><span title="„RTÉ Radio 1” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=RT%C3%89+Radio+1&targettitle=RT%C3%89+Radio+1">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=RT%C3%89_2fm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RTÉ 2fm — pagină inexistentă">2fm</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT%C3%89_2fm" class="extiw" title="en:RTÉ 2fm"><span title="„RTÉ 2fm” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=RT%C3%89+2fm&targettitle=RT%C3%89+2fm">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=RT%C3%89_lyric_fm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RTÉ lyric fm — pagină inexistentă">Lyric fm</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT%C3%89_lyric_fm" class="extiw" title="en:RTÉ lyric fm"><span title="„RTÉ lyric fm” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=RT%C3%89+lyric+fm&targettitle=RT%C3%89+lyric+fm">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=RT%C3%89_Raidi%C3%B3_na_Gaeltachta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta — pagină inexistentă">RnaG</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT%C3%89_Raidi%C3%B3_na_Gaeltachta" class="extiw" title="en:RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta"><span title="„RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=RT%C3%89+Raidi%C3%B3+na+Gaeltachta&targettitle=RT%C3%89+Raidi%C3%B3+na+Gaeltachta">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>,<sup id="cite_ref-256" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-256"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>255<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pe lângă două posturi naționale private, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Today_FM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Today FM — pagină inexistentă">Today FM</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Today_FM" class="extiw" title="en:Today FM"><span title="„Today FM” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Today+FM&targettitle=Today+FM">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Newstalk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Newstalk — pagină inexistentă">Newstalk</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newstalk" class="extiw" title="en:Newstalk"><span title="„Newstalk” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Newstalk&targettitle=Newstalk">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-257" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-257"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>256<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Irlanda are o piață a presei scrise competitivă prin tradiție, împărțită fiind între cotidianele naționale și săptămânalele regionale, la care se adaugă edițiile duminicale naționale. Forța presei britanice este o trăsătură unică în presa scrisă irlandeză, în țară fiind disponibile numeroase ziare și reviste britanice.<sup id="cite_ref-Media_Landscape_254-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Media_Landscape-254"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>253<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Eurostat" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a> a raportat că 82% de gospodării irlandeze aveau în 2013 acces la Internet, față de media <a href="/wiki/Uniunea_European%C4%83" title="Uniunea Europeană">UE</a> de 79% dar numai 67% aveau acces de mare viteză.<sup id="cite_ref-258" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-258"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>257<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bucătăria"><span id="Buc.C4.83t.C4.83ria"></span>Bucătăria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bucătăria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section's source code: Bucătăria"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:A_pint_of_Guinness.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/A_pint_of_Guinness.jpg/170px-A_pint_of_Guinness.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/A_pint_of_Guinness.jpg/255px-A_pint_of_Guinness.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/A_pint_of_Guinness.jpg/340px-A_pint_of_Guinness.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Un pahar de <a href="/wiki/Guinness" title="Guinness">Guinness</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Bucătăria irlandeză tradițională se bazează pe carne și lactate, suplimentate cu legume și fructe de mare. <a href="/wiki/Cartof" title="Cartof">Cartoful</a> a ajuns să formeze baza numeroaselor feluri de mâncare irlandeze după introducerea sa în secolul al XVI-lea.<sup id="cite_ref-259" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-259"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>258<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Exemple de feluri de mâncare irlandeze sunt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boxty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boxty — pagină inexistentă">boxty</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/boxty" class="extiw" title="en:boxty"><span title="„boxty” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=boxty&targettitle=boxty">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Colcannon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colcannon — pagină inexistentă">colcannon</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/colcannon" class="extiw" title="en:colcannon"><span title="„colcannon” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=colcannon&targettitle=colcannon">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coddle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coddle — pagină inexistentă">coddle</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/coddle" class="extiw" title="en:coddle"><span title="„coddle” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=coddle&targettitle=coddle">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tocan%C4%83_irlandez%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tocană irlandeză — pagină inexistentă">tocana</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_stew" class="extiw" title="en:Irish stew"><span title="„Irish stew” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Irish+stew&targettitle=tocan%C4%83+irlandez%C4%83">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, și <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%98unc%C4%83_cu_varz%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Șuncă cu varză — pagină inexistentă">șunca cu varză</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/bacon_and_cabbage" class="extiw" title="en:bacon and cabbage"><span title="„bacon and cabbage” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=bacon+and+cabbage&targettitle=%C8%98unc%C4%83+cu+varz%C4%83">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-260" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-260"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>259<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Irlanda este celebră pentru așa-numitul „mic dejun irlandez”, foarte consistent, prăjit sau făcut pe grătar, cu șuncă, ouă, cârnați, budincă și roșii prăjite.<sup id="cite_ref-foodireland_261-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foodireland-261"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>260<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În afara puternicei influențe a mâncărurilor europene și internaționale, recent a ieșit în evidență o bucătărie irlandeză bazată pe ingrediente tradiționale gătite în feluri noi.<sup id="cite_ref-cook_262-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cook-262"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>261<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aceasta se bazează pe legume proaspete, pește, stridii, midii și alte moluște marine, și o gamă largă de brânzeturi de casă produse mai nou în toată țara.<sup id="cite_ref-cook_262-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cook-262"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>261<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Popularitatea nevertebratelor marine a crescut, mai ales datorită pescuitului practicat pe coastele țării. Cei mai populari pești sunt <a href="/wiki/Somon" title="Somon">somonul</a> și <a href="/wiki/Gadus_morhua" title="Gadus morhua">morunul</a>. Produsele tradiționale de panificație sunt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soda_bread&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soda bread — pagină inexistentă">soda bread</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/soda_bread" class="extiw" title="en:soda bread"><span title="„soda bread” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=soda+bread&targettitle=soda+bread">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> (pâine cu bicarbonat de sodiu, albă sau neagră); și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barmbrack&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barmbrack — pagină inexistentă">barmbrack</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/barmbrack" class="extiw" title="en:barmbrack"><span title="„barmbrack” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=barmbrack&targettitle=barmbrack">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, o pâine cu drojdie cu stafide albe și negre.<sup id="cite_ref-darina_263-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-darina-263"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>262<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Băuturile consumate de irlandezi zilnic sunt ceaiul și cafeaua. Băuturile alcoolice asociate cu Irlanda sunt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poit%C3%ADn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poitín — pagină inexistentă">Poitín</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poit%C3%ADn" class="extiw" title="en:Poitín"><span title="„Poitín” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Poit%C3%ADn&targettitle=Poit%C3%ADn">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și celebra bere neagră <a href="/wiki/Guinness" title="Guinness">Guinness</a>, un <i>stout</i> inventat în berăria lui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Guinness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Guinness — pagină inexistentă">Arthur Guinness</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Guinness" class="extiw" title="en:Arthur Guinness"><span title="„Arthur Guinness” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Arthur+Guinness&targettitle=Arthur+Guinness">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poarta_St._James&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poarta St. James — pagină inexistentă">Poarta St. James</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._James%27s_Gate" class="extiw" title="en:St. James's Gate"><span title="„St. James's Gate” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=St.+James%27s+Gate&targettitle=Poarta+St.+James">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> din Dublin.<sup id="cite_ref-264" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-264"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>263<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Whiskey_irlandez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Whiskey irlandez — pagină inexistentă">Whiskey-ul irlandez</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_whiskey" class="extiw" title="en:Irish whiskey"><span title="„Irish whiskey” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Irish+whiskey&targettitle=Whiskey+irlandez">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> este și el popular în toată țara, și are diverse forme — single malt, single grain și whiskey de amestec.<sup id="cite_ref-265" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-265"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>264<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sporturi">Sporturi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Modifică secțiunea: Sporturi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section's source code: Sporturi"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Croke_park_hogan_stand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Croke_park_hogan_stand.jpg/220px-Croke_park_hogan_stand.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Croke_park_hogan_stand.jpg/330px-Croke_park_hogan_stand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Croke_park_hogan_stand.jpg/440px-Croke_park_hogan_stand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>Stadionul <a href="/wiki/Croke_Park" title="Croke Park">Croke Park</a>, unde își are sediul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaelic_Athletic_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaelic Athletic Association — pagină inexistentă">Gaelic Athletic Association</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaelic_Athletic_Association" class="extiw" title="en:Gaelic Athletic Association"><span title="„Gaelic Athletic Association” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Gaelic+Athletic+Association&targettitle=Gaelic+Athletic+Association">traduceți</a>]</small></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaelic_football&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaelic football — pagină inexistentă">Gaelic football</a> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hurling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hurling — pagină inexistentă">hurlingul</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/hurling" class="extiw" title="en:hurling"><span title="„hurling” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=hurling&targettitle=hurling">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> sunt sporturile tradiționale ale Irlandei, și sunt și cele mai populare în rândul spectatorilor.<sup id="cite_ref-266" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-266"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>265<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ele sunt administrate de către <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaelic_Athletics_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaelic Athletics Association — pagină inexistentă">Gaelic Athletics Association</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaelic_Athletics_Association" class="extiw" title="en:Gaelic Athletics Association"><span title="„Gaelic Athletics Association” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Gaelic+Athletics+Association&targettitle=Gaelic+Athletics+Association">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> cu jurisdicție pe toată insula. Alte sporturi irlandeze organizate de această asociație sunt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Handbal_irlandez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Handbal irlandez — pagină inexistentă">handbalul irlandez</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaelic_handball" class="extiw" title="en:Gaelic handball"><span title="„Gaelic handball” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Gaelic+handball&targettitle=Handbal+irlandez">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rounders&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rounders — pagină inexistentă">rounders</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/rounders" class="extiw" title="en:rounders"><span title="„rounders” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=rounders&targettitle=rounders">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-267" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-267"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>266<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fotbalul este al treilea cel mai popular sport în rândul spectatorilor și are cel mai înalt nivel de participare.<sup id="cite_ref-268" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-268"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>267<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deși <a href="/wiki/League_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="League of Ireland">Liga Irlandei</a> este campionatul național, <a href="/wiki/Premier_League" title="Premier League">Premier League</a> din Anglia este cea mai urmărită competiție de către public.<sup id="cite_ref-269" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-269"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>268<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Echipa_na%C8%9Bional%C4%83_de_fotbal_a_Irlandei" title="Echipa națională de fotbal a Irlandei">Echipa națională de fotbal a Irlandei</a> joacă la nivel internațional și este administrată de <a href="/wiki/Asocia%C8%9Bia_de_Fotbal_a_Irlandei" title="Asociația de Fotbal a Irlandei">Football Association of Ireland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-270" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-270"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>269<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Rugby_Football_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irish Rugby Football Union — pagină inexistentă">Irish Rugby Football Union</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Rugby_Football_Union" class="extiw" title="en:Irish Rugby Football Union"><span title="„Irish Rugby Football Union” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Irish+Rugby+Football+Union&targettitle=Irish+Rugby+Football+Union">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> este organismul ce conduce practicarea <a href="/wiki/Rugby" title="Rugby">rugby</a>-ului în Irlanda, sport jucat la nivel local și internațional cu reprezentarea întregii insule, și a produs jucători ca <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brian_O%27Driscoll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brian O'Driscoll — pagină inexistentă">Brian O'Driscoll</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_O%27Driscoll" class="extiw" title="en:Brian O'Driscoll"><span title="„Brian O'Driscoll” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Brian+O%27Driscoll&targettitle=Brian+O%27Driscoll">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronan_O%27Gara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ronan O'Gara — pagină inexistentă">Ronan O'Gara</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronan_O%27Gara" class="extiw" title="en:Ronan O'Gara"><span title="„Ronan O'Gara” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Ronan+O%27Gara&targettitle=Ronan+O%27Gara">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, care au făcut parte din echipa care a câștigat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Slam_(rugby)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grand Slam (rugby) — pagină inexistentă">Marele Slam</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Slam_(rugby_union)" class="extiw" title="en:Grand Slam (rugby union)"><span title="„Grand Slam (rugby union)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Grand+Slam+%28rugby+union%29&targettitle=Grand+Slam+%28rugby%29">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> în 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-271" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-271"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>270<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Succesul echipei irlandeze de cricket de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupa_Mondial_de_Cricket_2007&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cupa Mondial de Cricket 2007 — pagină inexistentă">Cupa Mondial de Cricket 2007</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Cricket_World_Cup" class="extiw" title="en:2007 Cricket World Cup"><span title="„2007 Cricket World Cup” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=2007+Cricket+World+Cup&targettitle=Cupa+Mondial+de+Cricket+2007">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> a dus la o creștere a popularității acestui sport în Irlanda, activitate administrată la nivelul întregii insule de către <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Cricket_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irish Cricket Union — pagină inexistentă">Irish Cricket Union</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Cricket_Union" class="extiw" title="en:Irish Cricket Union"><span title="„Irish Cricket Union” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Irish+Cricket+Union&targettitle=Irish+Cricket+Union">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-272" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-272"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>271<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">Golful</a> este un alt sport popular în Irlanda, cu peste 300 de terenuri în toată țara.<sup id="cite_ref-273" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-273"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>272<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De aici provin câțiva jucători de golf de renume mondial, între care <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A1draig_Harrington&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pádraig Harrington — pagină inexistentă">Pádraig Harrington</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1draig_Harrington" class="extiw" title="en:Pádraig Harrington"><span title="„Pádraig Harrington” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=P%C3%A1draig+Harrington&targettitle=P%C3%A1draig+Harrington">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_McGinley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul McGinley — pagină inexistentă">Paul McGinley</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_McGinley" class="extiw" title="en:Paul McGinley"><span title="„Paul McGinley” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Paul+McGinley&targettitle=Paul+McGinley">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-274" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-274"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>273<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Box" title="Box">Boxul</a> este cel mai de succes sport olimpic pentru Irlanda.<sup id="cite_ref-iaba.ie_275-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iaba.ie-275"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>274<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Administrat de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Amateur_Boxing_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irish Amateur Boxing Association — pagină inexistentă">Irish Amateur Boxing Association</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Amateur_Boxing_Association" class="extiw" title="en:Irish Amateur Boxing Association"><span title="„Irish Amateur Boxing Association” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Irish+Amateur+Boxing+Association&targettitle=Irish+Amateur+Boxing+Association">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> la nivelul întregii insule,<sup id="cite_ref-iaba.ie_275-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iaba.ie-275"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>274<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a căpătat popularitate ca urmare a succesului înregistrat de boxeri ca <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Dunne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernard Dunne — pagină inexistentă">Bernard Dunne</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Dunne" class="extiw" title="en:Bernard Dunne"><span title="„Bernard Dunne” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Bernard+Dunne&targettitle=Bernard+Dunne">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andy_Lee_(boxer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andy Lee (boxer) — pagină inexistentă">Andy Lee</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy_Lee_(boxer)" class="extiw" title="en:Andy Lee (boxer)"><span title="„Andy Lee (boxer)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Andy+Lee+%28boxer%29&targettitle=Andy+Lee+%28boxer%29">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și <a href="/wiki/Katie_Taylor" title="Katie Taylor">Katie Taylor</a>. </p><p>Unii dintre atleții cei mai de succes ai Irlandei au participat și la <a href="/wiki/Jocurile_Olimpice" title="Jocurile Olimpice">Jocurile Olimpice</a>, cum ar fi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eamonn_Coghlan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eamonn Coghlan — pagină inexistentă">Eamonn Coghlan</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eamonn_Coghlan" class="extiw" title="en:Eamonn Coghlan"><span title="„Eamonn Coghlan” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Eamonn+Coghlan&targettitle=Eamonn+Coghlan">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonia_O%27Sullivan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sonia O'Sullivan — pagină inexistentă">Sonia O'Sullivan</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonia_O%27Sullivan" class="extiw" title="en:Sonia O'Sullivan"><span title="„Sonia O'Sullivan” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Sonia+O%27Sullivan&targettitle=Sonia+O%27Sullivan">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maratonul_din_Dublin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maratonul din Dublin — pagină inexistentă">Maratonul din Dublin</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Marathon" class="extiw" title="en:Dublin Marathon"><span title="„Dublin Marathon” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Dublin+Marathon&targettitle=Maratonul+din+Dublin">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minimaratonul_pentru_femei_din_Dublin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minimaratonul pentru femei din Dublin — pagină inexistentă">minimaratonul pentru femei din Dublin</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Women%27s_Mini_Marathon" class="extiw" title="en:Dublin Women's Mini Marathon"><span title="„Dublin Women's Mini Marathon” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Dublin+Women%27s+Mini+Marathon&targettitle=minimaratonul+pentru+femei+din+Dublin">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> sunt două dintre cele mai populare competiții sportive din țară.<sup id="cite_ref-276" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-276"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>275<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_%C3%AEn_13&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rugby în 13 — pagină inexistentă">Rugby-ul în 13</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_league" class="extiw" title="en:Rugby league"><span title="„Rugby league” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Rugby+league&targettitle=Rugby+%C3%AEn+13">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> este reprezentat de o echipă națională și administrat de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugby_League_Ireland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rugby League Ireland — pagină inexistentă">Rugby League Ireland</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_League_Ireland" class="extiw" title="en:Rugby League Ireland"><span title="„Rugby League Ireland” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Rugby+League+Ireland&targettitle=Rugby+League+Ireland">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> (membră a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Federa%C8%9Bia_European%C4%83_de_Rugby_%C3%AEn_13&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federația Europeană de Rugby în 13 — pagină inexistentă">Federației Europene de Rugby în 13</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_League_European_Federation" class="extiw" title="en:Rugby League European Federation"><span title="„Rugby League European Federation” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Rugby+League+European+Federation&targettitle=Federa%C8%9Bia+European%C4%83+de+Rugby+%C3%AEn+13">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>) reprezentând toată insula. Echipa participă la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupa_European%C4%83_de_Rugby_%C3%AEn_13&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cupa Europeană de Rugby în 13 — pagină inexistentă">Cupa Europeană de Rugby în 13</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Cup_(rugby_league)" class="extiw" title="en:European Cup (rugby league)"><span title="„European Cup (rugby league)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=European+Cup+%28rugby+league%29&targettitle=Cupa+European%C4%83+de+Rugby+%C3%AEn+13">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupa_Mondial%C4%83_de_Rugby_%C3%AEn_13&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cupa Mondială de Rugby în 13 — pagină inexistentă">Cupa Mondială de Rugby în 13</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_League_World_Cup" class="extiw" title="en:Rugby League World Cup"><span title="„Rugby League World Cup” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Rugby+League+World+Cup&targettitle=Cupa+Mondial%C4%83+de+Rugby+%C3%AEn+13">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>. Irlanda a ajuns în sferturile de finală ale Cupei Mondiale din 2000 și în semifinale în 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-277" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-277"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>276<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Elite_League&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irish Elite League — pagină inexistentă">Irish Elite League</a> este primul eșalon pentru echipele de rugby din Irlanda.<sup id="cite_ref-278" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-278"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>277<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Profilul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotbal_australian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fotbal australian — pagină inexistentă">fotbalului australian</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_rules_football" class="extiw" title="en:Australian rules football"><span title="„Australian rules football” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Australian+rules+football&targettitle=Fotbal+australian">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> a crescut în Irlanda datorită întrecerilor anuale cu reguli mixte ce se desfășoară între Australia și Irlanda. <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseballul</a> și <a href="/wiki/Baschet" title="Baschet">baschetul</a> sunt sporturi emergente în Irlanda, la ambele țara având o echipă națională care reprezintă toată insula. Alte sporturi ce păstrează un număr mare de adepți în Irlanda sunt <a href="/wiki/Ciclism" title="Ciclism">ciclismul</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Curse_de_c%C3%A2ini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curse de câini — pagină inexistentă">cursele de câini</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/greyhound_racing" class="extiw" title="en:greyhound racing"><span title="„greyhound racing” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=greyhound+racing&targettitle=Curse+de+c%C3%A2ini">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Echita%C8%9Bia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Echitația — pagină inexistentă">echitația</a>, sporturile cu motor și <a href="/wiki/Softball" title="Softball">softballul</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Societatea">Societatea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Modifică secțiunea: Societatea" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section's source code: Societatea"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Irlanda se clasează pe locul al cincilea în lume după egalitatea între sexe.<sup id="cite_ref-bbcgender_279-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcgender-279"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>278<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În 2011, Irlanda s-a clasat pe locul întâi în Europa și pe al doilea în lume la acte de caritate.<sup id="cite_ref-280" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-280"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>279<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contracepția a fost controlată până în 1979, dar scăderea influenței Bisericii Catolice a dus la o societate din ce în ce mai <a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">secularizată</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-familyplanning_281-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-familyplanning-281"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>280<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În 1983, prin al VIII-lea amendament la Constituție s-a introdus „dreptul la viață al copilului nenăscut”, supus unei cenzuri în raport cu „dreptul egal la viață” al mamei.<sup id="cite_ref-avort_282-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avort-282"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>281<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cazul <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Attorney_General_v._X&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Attorney General v. X — pagină inexistentă">Attorney General v. X</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attorney_General_v._X" class="extiw" title="en:Attorney General v. X"><span title="„Attorney General v. X” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Attorney+General+v.+X&targettitle=Attorney+General+v.+X">traduceți</a>]</small></sup></i> a dus ulterior la introducerea amendamentelor al XIII-lea și al XIV-lea, prin care se garanta dreptul de a face avort în străinătate și dreptul de a fi informată despre „servicii” ilegale în Irlanda dar legale în alte țări.<sup id="cite_ref-avort_282-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avort-282"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>281<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inderdicția asupra divorțurilor din Constituția din 1937 a fost abrogată în 1995 prin al XV-lea amendament. Rata divorțurilor în Irlanda este una foarte scăzută în raport cu media UE (0,6 divorțuri la mia de locuitori în 2013)<sup id="cite_ref-independent.ie/life/family/family-features/why-does-ireland-have-the-lowest-divorce-rate-in-the-eu-34217513.html_2016-05-04_283-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent.ie/life/family/family-features/why-does-ireland-have-the-lowest-divorce-rate-in-the-eu-34217513.html_2016-05-04-283"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>282<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-284" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-284"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>283<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> în timp ce rata căsătoriilor este puțin mai mare ca media UE (4,6 căsătorii anual la mia de locuitori în 2012).<sup id="cite_ref-285" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-285"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>284<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pedeapsa_capital%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedeapsa capitală">Pedeapsa capitală</a> este interzisă prin Constituție în Irlanda,<sup id="cite_ref-286" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-286"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>285<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> în timp ce discriminarea pe criterii de vârstă, sex, orientare sexuală, statut familial, stare civilă, rasă sau apartenență la comunitatea nomadă este ilegală.<sup id="cite_ref-287" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-287"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>286<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Legislația ce incrimina homosexualitatea a fost abrogată în 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-norris_288-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-norris-288"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>287<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-acts_commentary_289-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acts_commentary-289"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În 2010, Dáilul și Senatul au adoptat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Legea_Parteneriatelor_Civile_%C8%99i_a_Anumitor_Drepturi_%C8%99i_Obliga%C8%9Bii_ale_Colocatarilor_din_2010&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legea Parteneriatelor Civile și a Anumitor Drepturi și Obligații ale Colocatarilor din 2010 — pagină inexistentă">Legea Parteneriatelor Civile și a Anumitor Drepturi și Obligații ale Colocatarilor</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Partnership_and_Certain_Rights_and_Obligations_of_Cohabitants_Act_2010" class="extiw" title="en:Civil Partnership and Certain Rights and Obligations of Cohabitants Act 2010"><span title="„Civil Partnership and Certain Rights and Obligations of Cohabitants Act 2010” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Civil+Partnership+and+Certain+Rights+and+Obligations+of+Cohabitants+Act+2010&targettitle=Legea+Parteneriatelor+Civile+%C8%99i+a+Anumitor+Drepturi+%C8%99i+Obliga%C8%9Bii+ale+Colocatarilor+din+2010">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, prin care se recunoșteau parteneriatele civile între cuplurile de același sex.<sup id="cite_ref-290" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-290"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>288<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ea permite cuplurilor de același sex să-și înregistreze relația.<sup id="cite_ref-291" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-291"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>289<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Un sondaj efectuat de <i>Sunday Times</i> în martie 2011 arăta că 73% dintre cei intervievați cred că cuplurile de același sex ar trebui să aibă dreptul de a se căsători, iar 60% cred că trebuie să li se permită să adopte copii.<sup id="cite_ref-292" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-292"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>290<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În aprilie 2012, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conven%C8%9Bia_Constitu%C8%9Bional%C4%83_(Irlanda)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Convenția Constituțională (Irlanda) — pagină inexistentă">Convenția Constituțională</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(Ireland)" class="extiw" title="en:Constitutional Convention (Ireland)"><span title="„Constitutional Convention (Ireland)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Constitutional+Convention+%28Ireland%29&targettitle=Conven%C8%9Bia+Constitu%C8%9Bional%C4%83+%28Irlanda%29">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> a votat cu o majoritate largă să extindă drepturile de căsătorie și la cuplurile de același sex.<sup id="cite_ref-293" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-293"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>291<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La 23 mai 2015, Irlanda a devenit prima țară care a legalizat prin vot popular căsătoriile între persoanele de același sex.<sup id="cite_ref-294" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-294"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>292<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Irlanda a devenit prima țară din lume care a introdus în 2002 o taxă de mediu pe pungile de plastic pentru cumpărături<sup id="cite_ref-295" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-295"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>293<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-296" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-296"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>294<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> și care a interzis fumatul în public în 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-297" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-297"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>295<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În Irlanda, <a href="/wiki/Reciclare" title="Reciclare">reciclarea</a> se practică pe scară largă și țara se mândrește cu a treia cea mai mare rată de reciclare a ambalajelor din <a href="/wiki/Uniunea_European%C4%83" title="Uniunea Europeană">Uniunea Europeană</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-298" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-298"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>296<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A fost prima țară europeană care a interzis <a href="/wiki/Bec_incandescent" title="Bec incandescent">becurile incandescente</a> în 2008 și prima țară a UE care a interzis reclamele la tutun și expunerea pachetelor de țigări în magazine în 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-299" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-299"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>297<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-300" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-300"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>298<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În 2015, Irlanda a devenit a doua țară din lume (după Australia) care a introdus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pachete_de_%C8%9Big%C4%83ri_neutre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pachete de țigări neutre — pagină inexistentă">pachete de țigări neutre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-irishtimes.com_2015-03-13_301-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irishtimes.com_2015-03-13-301"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>299<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În ciuda acestor măsuri de descurajare a consumului de tutun, procentul de fumători în Irlanda rămâne mai mare de 20% din populația adultă și peste cel din alte țări dezvoltate.<sup id="cite_ref-302" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-302"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>300<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>În mai 2015, Irlanda a devenit prima țară din lume care a aprobat prin <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a> <a href="/wiki/C%C4%83s%C4%83torie_%C3%AEntre_persoane_de_acela%C8%99i_sex" title="Căsătorie între persoane de același sex">căsătoriile între persoanele de același sex</a>. 62,1% dintre irlandezi (1.201.607 de persoane) au votat pentru legalizarea căsătoriilor între persoanele de același sex, în timp ce 37,9% (734.300) au fost împotrivă.<sup id="cite_ref-303" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-303"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>301<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Simbolurile_țării"><span id="Simbolurile_.C8.9B.C4.83rii"></span>Simbolurile țării</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Modifică secțiunea: Simbolurile țării" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section's source code: Simbolurile țării"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Multe dintre simbolurile folosite de Irlanda se aplică întregii insule, cum ar fi culoarile verde și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Albastrul_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Patrick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albastrul Sfântului Patrick — pagină inexistentă">albastru</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Patrick%27s_Blue" class="extiw" title="en:St. Patrick's Blue"><span title="„St. Patrick's Blue” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=St.+Patrick%27s+Blue&targettitle=Albastrul+Sf%C3%A2ntului+Patrick">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, animale ca <a href="/wiki/Cerbul" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerbul">cerbul</a> și <a href="/wiki/Ogar_irlandez" title="Ogar irlandez">câinele-lup irlandez</a>, structuri ca <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turn_rotund_irlandez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turn rotund irlandez — pagină inexistentă">turnurile rotunde</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_round_tower" class="extiw" title="en:Irish round tower"><span title="„Irish round tower” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Irish+round+tower&targettitle=Turn+rotund+irlandez">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și <a href="/wiki/Crucea_celtic%C4%83" title="Crucea celtică">crucile celtice</a>, sau elemente de design ca <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nodul_celtic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nodul celtic — pagină inexistentă">nodul celtic</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_knot" class="extiw" title="en:Celtic knot"><span title="„Celtic knot” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Celtic+knot&targettitle=nodul+celtic">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spiral%C4%83_tripl%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spirală triplă — pagină inexistentă">spiralele triple</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_spiral" class="extiw" title="en:Triple spiral"><span title="„Triple spiral” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Triple+spiral&targettitle=Spiral%C4%83+tripl%C4%83">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>. Aceste simboluri sunt utilizate atât de instituțiile statului, cât și de entități private din Irlanda. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Drapelul_Irlandei" title="Drapelul Irlandei">Drapelul Irlandei</a> este un <a href="/wiki/Tricolor" title="Tricolor">tricolor</a> verde-alb-portocaliu.<sup id="cite_ref-flag_304-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flag-304"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>302<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-305" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-305"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>303<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Drapelul își are originea în mișcarea <a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A2n%C4%83ra_Irland%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tânăra Irlandă — pagină inexistentă">Tânăra Irlandă</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Ireland" class="extiw" title="en:Young Ireland"><span title="„Young Ireland” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Young+Ireland&targettitle=T%C3%A2n%C4%83ra+Irland%C4%83">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> de la jumătatea secolului al XIX-lea, dar a fost popularizat abia după utilizarea sa în timpul <a href="/wiki/Rebeliunea_de_Pa%C8%99ti" title="Rebeliunea de Paști">Revoltei de Paști</a> din 1916.<sup id="cite_ref-306" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-306"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>304<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Culorile reprezintă tradiția gaelică (verdele) și pe adepții lui <a href="/wiki/William_al_III-lea_al_Angliei" title="William al III-lea al Angliei">William de Orange</a> din Irlanda (portocaliu), albul reprezentând aspirația pentru pace între aceste două grupuri.<sup id="cite_ref-flag_304-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flag-304"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>302<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El a fost adoptat ca drapel al Statului Liber Irlandez în 1922 și continuă să fie singurul drapel al statului. <a href="/wiki/Pavilion_(steag)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavilion (steag)">Pavilionul</a> militar, un steag verde cu o harpă galbenă, este stabilit în Regulamentele Forțelor de Apărare, și se arborează la catargul vaselor alături de drapelul național în condiții limitate. El se bazează pe pavilionul civil irlandez neoficial utilizat în secolele al XVIII-lea și al XIX-lea și pe drapelul tradițional verde al Irlandei datând din secolul al XVI-lea.<sup id="cite_ref-307" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-307"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>305<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ca și drapelul național, imnul național, <span lang="ga" style="font-style:italic"><a href="/wiki/Amhr%C3%A1n_na_bhFiann" title="Amhrán na bhFiann">Amhrán na bhFiann</a></span> (în <a href="/wiki/Limba_englez%C4%83" title="Limba engleză">engleză</a> <span lang="en" style="font-style:italic">A Soldier's Song</span>, în traducere <i>Cântec de soldat</i>), își are rădăcinile în Revolta de Paști, când a fost intonat de rebeli.<sup id="cite_ref-sherry_308-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sherry-308"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>306<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deși publicat mai întâi în engleză în 1912, cântecul a fost tradus în irlandeză în 1923 și versiunea aceasta este mai frecvent cântată azi.<sup id="cite_ref-sherry_308-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sherry-308"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>306<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A fost adoptat ca imn național al Statului Liber Irlandez în 1926 și continuă să fie imnul național al Irlandei de astăzi.<sup id="cite_ref-309" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-309"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>307<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Primele patru versuri ale corului urmate de ultimele cinci alcătuiesc onorul prezidențial.<sup id="cite_ref-taoiseach_310-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taoiseach-310"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>308<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>An Amhran Dochais</i> (în <a href="/wiki/Limba_englez%C4%83" title="Limba engleză">engleză</a> <span lang="en" style="font-style:italic">The Song of Hope</span>, în traducere <i>Cântecul speranței</i>), pe o melodie tradițională denumită <i>Mor Chluana</i> (în <a href="/wiki/Limba_englez%C4%83" title="Limba engleză">engleză</a> <span lang="en" style="font-style:italic">More of Cloyne</span>), culeasă de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrick_Weston_Joyce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patrick Weston Joyce — pagină inexistentă">Patrick Weston Joyce</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Weston_Joyce" class="extiw" title="en:Patrick Weston Joyce"><span title="„Patrick Weston Joyce” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Patrick+Weston+Joyce&targettitle=Patrick+Weston+Joyce">traduceți</a>]</small></sup>, și odinioară potențial imn național, se intonează ca onor la sosirea primului ministru la evenimente oficiale.<sup id="cite_ref-311" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-311"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>309<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Stema_Irlandei" title="Stema Irlandei">Stema Irlandei</a> își are orginea în stemele monarhilor Irlandei și a fost atestată ca însemn al regelui Irlandei în secolul al XII-lea. De la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unirea_coroanelor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unirea coroanelor — pagină inexistentă">unirea coroanelor</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/union_of_the_crowns" class="extiw" title="en:union of the crowns"><span title="„union of the crowns” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=union+of+the+crowns&targettitle=unirea+coroanelor">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> <a href="/wiki/Regatul_Angliei" title="Regatul Angliei">Angliei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regatul_Sco%C8%9Biei" title="Regatul Scoției">Scoției</a> și <a href="/wiki/Regatul_Irlandei" title="Regatul Irlandei">Irlandei</a> în 1603, ea a apărut pe un sfert din scutul <a href="/wiki/Stema_Regatului_Unit" title="Stema Regatului Unit">stemei Regatului Unit</a>. Astăzi, ea este însemnul președintelui Irlandei și se arborează ca stindard prezidențial. Harpa este utilizată pe scară largă de către stat pentru a însemna documente oficiale, monede irlandeze și ca sigiliu al președintelui.<sup id="cite_ref-point_106-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-point-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Trifoiul este și el un simbol național din secolul al XVII-lea, de când a apărut obiceiul de a-l purta de <a href="/wiki/Ziua_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Patriciu" title="Ziua Sfântului Patriciu">ziua Sfântului Patrick</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-point_106-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-point-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Atât harpa cât și trifoiul sunt mărci înregistrate de stat în Irlanda. Sărbătoarea națională este ziua Sfântului Patrick, 17 martie.<sup id="cite_ref-312" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-312"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>310<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Patrimoniu_mondial">Patrimoniu mondial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Modifică secțiunea: Patrimoniu mondial" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section's source code: Patrimoniu mondial"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Două situri istorice irlandeze sunt incluse în <a href="/wiki/Patrimoniul_mondial_UNESCO" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrimoniul mondial UNESCO">lista patrimoniului mondial UNESCO</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ansamblul_arheologic_%E2%80%9ECotul_Boyne-ului%E2%80%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ansamblul arheologic „Cotul Boyne-ului” — pagină inexistentă">Ansamblul arheologic „Cotul Boyne-ului”</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%BA_na_B%C3%B3inne" class="extiw" title="en:Brú na Bóinne"><span title="„Brú na Bóinne” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Br%C3%BA+na+B%C3%B3inne&targettitle=Ansamblul+arheologic+%E2%80%9ECotul+Boyne-ului%E2%80%9D">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> (1993), ce cuprinde elemente de artă megalitică preistorică și complexul monastic insular <a href="/wiki/Skellig_Michael" title="Skellig Michael">Skellig Michael</a> (1996).<sup id="cite_ref-whc.unesco.org_2015-03-13_313-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whc.unesco.org_2015-03-13-313"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>311<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note_de_completare">Note de completare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit&section=36" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note de completare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section's source code: Note de completare"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-commentary-73"><b><a href="#cite_ref-commentary_73-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">și funcția de guvernator general a fost în final abolită conform Legii Puterii Executive din 1937 cu efect retroactiv din decembrie 1936</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-acts_commentary-289"><b><a href="#cite_ref-acts_commentary_289-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Deși senatorul <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Norris_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Norris (politician) — pagină inexistentă">David Norris</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Norris_(politician)" class="extiw" title="en:David Norris (politician)"><span title="„David Norris (politician)” la Wikipedia în engleză">en</span></a>)</small></sup><sup class="plainlinks"><small>[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=David+Norris+%28politician%29&targettitle=David+Norris+%28politician%29">traduceți</a>]</small></sup> a contestat legea la <a href="/wiki/Curtea_European%C4%83_pentru_Drepturile_Omului" class="mw-redirect" title="Curtea Europeană pentru Drepturile Omului">Curtea Europeană pentru Drepturile Omului</a> încă din 1988, guvernul irlandez a întârziat adoptarea de legi care să corecteze problema până în 1993.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit&section=37" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small columns references-column-count references-column-count-3" style="-moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3; column-count: 3; list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-lang-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lang_1-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/2003/en/act/pub/0032/sec0002.html#sec2">„Official Languages Act 2003”</a>. Office of the Attorney-General<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2012-02-18">18 februarie 2012</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+Languages+Act+2003&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Attorney-General&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishstatutebook.ie%2F2003%2Fen%2Fact%2Fpub%2F0032%2Fsec0002.html%23sec2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-imf2-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-imf2_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-imf2_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-imf2_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-imf2_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2016/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=65&pr.y=9&sy=2014&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=subject&ds=.&br=1&c=122%2C941%2C124%2C946%2C423%2C137%2C939%2C181%2C172%2C138%2C132%2C182%2C134%2C936%2C174%2C961%2C178%2C184%2C136&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=">„Ireland”</a>. International Monetary Fund<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în aprilie 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ireland&rft.pub=International+Monetary+Fund&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Fweo%2F2016%2F01%2Fweodata%2Fweorept.aspx%3Fpr.x%3D65%26pr.y%3D9%26sy%3D2014%26ey%3D2021%26scsm%3D1%26ssd%3D1%26sort%3Dsubject%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1%26c%3D122%252C941%252C124%252C946%252C423%252C137%252C939%252C181%252C172%252C138%252C132%252C182%252C134%252C936%252C174%252C961%252C178%252C184%252C136%26s%3DNGDPD%252CNGDPDPC%252CPPPGDP%252CPPPPC%26grp%3D0%26a%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HDI-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HDI_3-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2015_statistical_annex.pdf">„2015 Human Development Report”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. United Nations Development Programme. <time datetime="2015">2015</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2015-12-14">14 decembrie 2015</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2015+Human+Development+Report&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fhdr_2015_statistical_annex.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eurogini-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eurogini_4-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_di12">„Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income (source: SILC)”</a>. Eurostat Data Explorer<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Xlibris Corporation. p. 377.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Social+History+of+Ireland%3A+Including+the+Seamy+Side&rft.pages=377&rft.pub=Xlibris+Corporation&rft.date=2016&rft.au=Desmond+Keenan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.ro%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9i7vCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT377%26lpg%3DPT377%26dq%3DLord%2BLieutenant%2Bof%2BIreland%2B1171%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DvegMGMW4Ef%26sig%3DWwKPBKVXJEf3MmlF0W2pwLcz1HI%26hl%3Dro%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwimg76L0L7MAhUJfRoKHTGqD7Q4ChDoAQgZMAA%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DLord%2520Lieutenant%2520of%2520Ireland%25201171%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">David Hey (<time datetime="2016">2016</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.ro/books?id=CQP7CwAAQBAJ"><i>The Grass Roots of English History</i></a> (în engleză). Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 55.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Grass+Roots+of+English+History&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2016&rft.au=David+Hey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.ro%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCQP7CwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFO._Farrell2014" class="citation">O. Farrell (<time datetime="2014-09-19">19 septembrie 2014</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carlow-nationalist.ie/2014/09/19/parliament-england-parliament-ireland-kingdom-free-state-oireachtas/">„Parliament of England to parliament of Ireland, to kingdom, to Free State and the Oireachtas”</a>, <i>Carlow Nationalist</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2016-05-01">1 mai 2016</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carlow+Nationalist&rft.atitle=Parliament+of+England+to+parliament+of+Ireland%2C+to+kingdom%2C+to+Free+State+and+the+Oireachtas&rft.date=2014-09-19&rft.au=O.+Farrell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.carlow-nationalist.ie%2F2014%2F09%2F19%2Fparliament-england-parliament-ireland-kingdom-free-state-oireachtas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"><sup>[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Leg%C4%83turi_externe" title="Wikipedia:Legături externe">nefuncțională</a></i> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.carlow-nationalist.ie/2014/09/19/parliament-england-parliament-ireland-kingdom-free-state-oireachtas/"><i>arhivă</i></a>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">McCaffrey, Lawrence J. 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Syracuse University Press. p. 127. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9780815605218" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/9780815605218">9780815605218</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Textures+of+Irish+America&rft.pages=127&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780815605218&rft.aulast=McCaffrey&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.ro%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dlog94sLM6gsC%26pg%3DPA127%26lpg%3DPA127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.luminarium.org/encyclopedia/roseswarcauses.htm">„Causes of the Wars of the Roses: An Overview”</a>, <i>Luminarium.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2016-05-05">5 mai 2016</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Luminarium.org&rft.atitle=Causes+of+the+Wars+of+the+Roses%3A+An+Overview&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.luminarium.org%2Fencyclopedia%2Froseswarcauses.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heraldica.org/topics/national/ireland_docs.htm#act1542">„Crown of Ireland Act 1542”</a>. <i>Heraldica</i>. <time datetime="2003-07-25">25 iulie 2003</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2012-11-01">1 noiembrie 2012</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Heraldica&rft.atitle=Crown+of+Ireland+Act+1542&rft.date=2003-07-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldica.org%2Ftopics%2Fnational%2Fireland_docs.htm%23act1542&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Johann Lorenz von Mosheim (<time datetime="1841">1841</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.ro/books?id=XDMBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA521&lpg=PA521#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Institutes of ecclesiastical history, ancient and modern</i></a> (în engleză). p. 521.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Institutes+of+ecclesiastical+history%2C+ancient+and+modern.&rft.pages=521&rft.date=1841&rft.au=Johann+Lorenz+von+Mosheim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.ro%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXDMBAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA521%26lpg%3DPA521%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLynnik_D.P,_Krasnova_E.V.2015" class="citation">Lynnik D.P, Krasnova E.V. 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href="#cite_ref-his_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-his_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-his_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.com/topics/british-history/english-civil-wars">„English Civil Wars”</a>, <i>History.com</i>, <time datetime="1991">1991</time><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2016-05-04">4 mai 2016</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History.com&rft.atitle=English+Civil+Wars&rft.date=1991&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Ftopics%2Fbritish-history%2Fenglish-civil-wars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bcw-project.org/church-and-state/the-commonwealth/settlement-of-ireland">„The Settlement of Ireland, 1652-60”</a>, <i>Bcw-project.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2016-05-04">4 mai 2016</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bcw-project.org&rft.atitle=The+Settlement+of+Ireland%2C+1652-60&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbcw-project.org%2Fchurch-and-state%2Fthe-commonwealth%2Fsettlement-of-ireland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFEdward_Vallance2011" class="citation">Edward Vallance (<time datetime="2011-02-17">17 februarie 2011</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/civil_war_revolution/glorious_revolution_01.shtml">„British History in depth: The Glorious Revolution”</a>, <i>BBC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2016-05-04">4 mai 2016</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=British+History+in+depth%3A+The+Glorious+Revolution&rft.date=2011-02-17&rft.au=Edward+Vallance&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fbritish%2Fcivil_war_revolution%2Fglorious_revolution_01.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFH.T.2008" class="citation">H.T., Dickinson (<time datetime="2008">2008</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.ro/books?id=g08Gt6Ti8y8C&pg=PA404#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>A Companion to Eighteenth-Century Britain</i></a> (în engleză), John Wiley & Sons, p. 404, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9783319118031" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/9783319118031">9783319118031</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Eighteenth-Century+Britain&rft.pages=404&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9783319118031&rft.aulast=H.T.&rft.aufirst=Dickinson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.ro%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg08Gt6Ti8y8C%26pg%3DPA404%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heyck-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Heyck_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Heyck_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Heyck_40-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHeyck2013" class="citation">Heyck, Thomas (<time datetime="2013">2013</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.ro/books?id=beQDAQAAQBAJ"><i>A History of the Peoples of the British Isles: From 1688 to 1914</i></a> (în engleză), Routledge, p. 169, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9781134415212" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/9781134415212">9781134415212</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Peoples+of+the+British+Isles%3A+From+1688+to+1914&rft.pages=169&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781134415212&rft.aulast=Heyck&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.ro%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbeQDAQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parametru necunoscut <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|pagina=</code> ignorat (posibil, <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|pages=</code>?) (<a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>)</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFEvans2014" class="citation">Evans, Eric (<time datetime="2014-01-14">14 ianuarie 2014</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.ro/books?id=bIirAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA141#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The Shaping of Modern Britain: Identity, Industry and Empire 1780 - 1914</i></a> (în engleză), Routledge, p. 141-142, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9781317862376" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/9781317862376">9781317862376</a></cite><span 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Act+of+Union+%28Ireland%29+1800&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Faip%2FGeo3%2F40%2F38%2Fcontents&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oireachtas.ie/parliament/about/history/parliamentinireland/">„Parliament in Ireland, Houses of the Oireachtas”</a>, <i>oireachtas.ie</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2016-05-03">3 mai 2016</time></span></cite><span 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Economic+and+Social+History&rft.atitle=New+Developments+in+Irish+Population+History+1700%E2%80%931850&rft.volume=xi&rft.pages=101-121&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Mokyr&rft.aufirst=Joel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAlan_Barrett1999" class="citation">Alan Barrett (decembrie 1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ftp.iza.org/dp97.pdf">„Irish Migration: Characteristics, Causes and Consequences”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>, <i>Ftp.iza.org</i>, p. 4<span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2016-05-04">4 mai 2016</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ftp.iza.org&rft.atitle=Irish+Migration%3A+Characteristics%2C+Causes+and+Consequences&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1999-12&rft.au=Alan+Barrett&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fftp.iza.org%2Fdp97.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bruce L. Edwards (<time datetime="2007">2007</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.ro/books?id=8OskozFVBMYC"><i>C.S. Lewis: An examined life</i></a> (în engleză). Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 54.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=C.S.+Lewis%3A+An+examined+life&rft.pages=54&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Bruce+L.+Edwards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.ro%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8OskozFVBMYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-beckett-47"><b><a href="#cite_ref-beckett_47-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Beckett, J C (<time datetime="1966">1966</time>). <i>The Making of Modern Ireland 1603 – 1923</i>. London: Faber & Faber. p. 406. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0-571-09267-5" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/0-571-09267-5">0-571-09267-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+Modern+Ireland+1603+%E2%80%93+1923&rft.place=London&rft.pages=406&rft.pub=Faber+%26+Faber&rft.date=1966&rft.isbn=0-571-09267-5&rft.aulast=Beckett&rft.aufirst=J+C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gailey-48"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gailey_48-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Gailey, Andrew (mai 1984). „Unionist Rhetoric and Irish Local Government Reform, 1895-9”. <i>Irish Historic Studies</i>. <b>24</b> (93): 52–68. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/30008026">30008026</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Historic+Studies&rft.atitle=Unionist+Rhetoric+and+Irish+Local+Government+Reform%2C+1895-9&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=93&rft.pages=52-68&rft.date=1984-05&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F30008026&rft.aulast=Gailey&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-shannon-49"><b><a href="#cite_ref-shannon_49-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Shannon, Catherine B (martie 1973). „The Ulster Liberal Unionists and Local Government Reform, 1885–98”. <i>Irish Historic Studies</i>. <b>18</b> (71): 407–423. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/30005423">30005423</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Historic+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Ulster+Liberal+Unionists+and+Local+Government+Reform%2C+1885%E2%80%9398&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=71&rft.pages=407-423&rft.date=1973-03&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F30005423&rft.aulast=Shannon&rft.aufirst=Catherine+B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_Act_1949&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parliament Act 1949 — pagină inexistentă">Parliament Act 1949</a>, section 2(2). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Geo6/12-13-14/103/section/2">Copie digitală</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=UK_Statute_Law_Database&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UK Statute Law Database — pagină inexistentă">UK Statute Law Database</a>. 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Blackstaff Press. pp. 402, 405. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0856404985" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/0856404985">0856404985</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Ulster&rft.pages=402%2C+405&rft.pub=Blackstaff+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0856404985&rft.aulast=Bardon&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304102831/http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/acts/government-of-ireland-act-1914">„Government of Ireland Act 1914”</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/acts/government-of-ireland-act-1914">original</a> la <time datetime="2016-03-04">4 martie 2016</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2016-05-05">5 mai 2016</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Government+of+Ireland+Act+1914&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhansard.millbanksystems.com%2Facts%2Fgovernment-of-ireland-act-1914&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyireland.com/revolutionary-period-1912-23/the-search-for-statutory-ulster/">„History Ireland”</a>, <i>Historyireland.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2016-05-05">5 mai 2016</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historyireland.com&rft.atitle=History+Ireland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyireland.com%2Frevolutionary-period-1912-23%2Fthe-search-for-statutory-ulster%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Jackson, Alvin: <i>HOME RULE, an Irish History 1800–2000</i>, (2003), <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0753817675" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7538-1767-5</a>. p.164</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110810192700/http://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/eng/Taoiseach_and_Government/History_of_Government/1916_Commemorations/Irish_Soldiers_in_the_First_World_War.html">„Irish Soldiers in the First World War”</a>. <i>1916 Commemorations</i>. Department of the Taoiseach. <time datetime="2010">2010</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/eng/Taoiseach_and_Government/History_of_Government/1916_Commemorations/Irish_Soldiers_in_the_First_World_War.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2011-08-10">10 august 2011</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-08-29">29 august 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=1916+Commemorations&rft.atitle=Irish+Soldiers+in+the+First+World+War&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taoiseach.gov.ie%2Feng%2FTaoiseach_and_Government%2FHistory_of_Government%2F1916_Commemorations%2FIrish_Soldiers_in_the_First_World_War.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-history-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-history_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_56-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_56-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_56-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.com/topics/british-history/easter-rising">„Easter Rising - British History”</a>, <i>History.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2016-05-01">1 mai 2016</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History.com&rft.atitle=Easter+Rising+-+British+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Ftopics%2Fbritish-history%2Feaster-rising&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/eng/Historical_Information/1916_Commemorations/The_Executed_Leaders_of_the_1916_Rising.html">„The Executed Leaders of the 1916 Rising - Department of Taoiseach”</a>, <i>Taoiseach.gov.ie</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2016-05-04">4 mai 2016</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Taoiseach.gov.ie&rft.atitle=The+Executed+Leaders+of+the+1916+Rising+-+Department+of+Taoiseach&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taoiseach.gov.ie%2Feng%2FHistorical_Information%2F1916_Commemorations%2FThe_Executed_Leaders_of_the_1916_Rising.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ark-58"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ark_58-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ark.ac.uk/elections/h1918.htm">The Irish Election of 1918</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200308045329/https://www.ark.ac.uk/elections/h1918.htm">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2020-03-08">8 martie 2020</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Ireland_Social_and_Political_Archive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northern Ireland Social and Political Archive — pagină inexistentă">ARK</a>. Accesat la 30 decembrie 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCarthy-59">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McCarthy_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCarthy_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">McCarthy, John Patrick (<time datetime="2006">2006</time>). <i>Ireland: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present</i>. Infobase Publishing. p. 236. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-8160-5378-0" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-8160-5378-0">978-0-8160-5378-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ireland%3A+A+Reference+Guide+from+the+Renaissance+to+the+Present&rft.pages=236&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-5378-0&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=John+Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kautt, William Henry (<time datetime="1999">1999</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3e9GS8cYrWkC&pg=PA71#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The Anglo-Irish War, 1916–1921: A People's War</i></a>. 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Accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-12">12 septembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Anglo-Irish+War%2C+1916%E2%80%931921%3A+A+People%27s+War&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-275-96311-8&rft.aulast=Kautt&rft.aufirst=William+Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3e9GS8cYrWkC%26pg%3DPA71%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Fennell, Desmond (<time datetime="1993">1993</time>). <i>Heresy: the Battle of Ideas in Modern Ireland</i>. Belfast: Blackstaff Press. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0-85640-513-2" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/0-85640-513-2">0-85640-513-2</a>. <q>Both the new Irish Republic and the labour movement were sympathetic to the new soviet regime in Russia. The government of the Soviet Union recognised the Republic, and the Dáil authorised the establishment of diplomatic relations.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heresy%3A+the+Battle+of+Ideas+in+Modern+Ireland&rft.place=Belfast&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Blackstaff+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-85640-513-2&rft.aulast=Fennell&rft.aufirst=Desmond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSharon_Ferguson2011" class="citation">Sharon Ferguson (<time datetime="2011-12-06">6 decembrie 2011</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-16049234">„90th anniversary of signing of Anglo-Irish Treaty”</a>, <i>BBC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2016-05-04">4 mai 2016</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=90th+anniversary+of+signing+of+Anglo-Irish+Treaty&rft.date=2011-12-06&rft.au=Sharon+Ferguson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-16049234&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/E900003-004/text002.html">„The Constitution of the Irish Free State (Saorstát Eireann) Act, 1922 and Public General Acts passed by Oireachtas of Saorstát Eireann during the year 1922”</a>, <i>Ucc.ie</i>, <time datetime="1922">1922</time><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2016-05-01">1 mai 2016</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ucc.ie&rft.atitle=The+Constitution+of+the+Irish+Free+State+%28Saorst%C3%A1t+Eireann%29+Act%2C+1922+and+Public+General+Acts+passed+by+Oireachtas+of+Saorst%C3%A1t+Eireann+during+the+year+1922&rft.date=1922&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucc.ie%2Fcelt%2Fonline%2FE900003-004%2Ftext002.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ahds1922-64"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ahds1922_64-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160415143605/http://stormontpapers.ahds.ac.uk/stormontpapers/pageview.html?volumeno=2&pageno=1145#bak-2-1149">„Northern Ireland Parliamentary Report, 7 December 1922”</a>. Stormontpapers.ahds.ac.uk. <time datetime="1922-12-07">7 decembrie 1922</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stormontpapers.ahds.ac.uk/stormontpapers/pageview.html?volumeno=2&pageno=1145#bak-2-1149">original</a> la <time datetime="2016-04-15">15 aprilie 2016</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2009-07-09">9 iulie 2009</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Northern+Ireland+Parliamentary+Report%2C+7+December+1922&rft.pub=Stormontpapers.ahds.ac.uk&rft.date=1922-12-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstormontpapers.ahds.ac.uk%2Fstormontpapers%2Fpageview.html%3Fvolumeno%3D2%26pageno%3D1145%23bak-2-1149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bari-65">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bari_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bari_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bari_65-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBarchet2014" class="citation">Barchet, Bruno Aguilera (<time datetime="2014-12-31">31 decembrie 2014</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.ro/books?id=zUsIBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA666#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>A History of Western Public Law: Between Nation and State</i></a> (în engleză), Springer, p. 666, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9783319118031" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/9783319118031">9783319118031</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Western+Public+Law%3A+Between+Nation+and+State&rft.pages=666&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2014-12-31&rft.isbn=9783319118031&rft.aulast=Barchet&rft.aufirst=Bruno+Aguilera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.ro%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzUsIBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA666%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc22-66"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbc22_66-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/easterrising/aftermath/af06.shtml">„The Treaty”</a>, <i>BBC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2016-05-01">1 mai 2016</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=The+Treaty&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fbritish%2Feasterrising%2Faftermath%2Faf06.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCoogan2015" class="citation">Coogan, Tim Pat (<time datetime="2015">2015</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.ro/books?id=eLbRCgAAQBAJ&pg=PP55&lpg=PP55#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>1916: The Mornings After</i></a> (în engleză), Head of Zeus, p. 55, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9781784080082" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/9781784080082">9781784080082</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1916%3A+The+Mornings+After&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=Head+of+Zeus&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781784080082&rft.aulast=Coogan&rft.aufirst=Tim+Pat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.ro%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeLbRCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPP55%26lpg%3DPP55%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/collins_michael.shtml">„BBC - History - Michael Collins”</a>, <i>Bbc.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2016-05-01">1 mai 2016</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=BBC+-+History+-+Michael+Collins&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fhistoric_figures%2Fcollins_michael.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Dorney2012" class="citation">John Dorney (<time datetime="2012-07-02">2 iulie 2012</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theirishstory.com/2012/07/02/the-irish-civil-war-a-brief-overview/#.Vyqm4IR97cc">„The Irish Civil War – A brief overview”</a>, <i>Theirishstory.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2016-05-05">5 mai 2016</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theirishstory.com&rft.atitle=The+Irish+Civil+War+%E2%80%93+A+brief+overview&rft.date=2012-07-02&rft.au=John+Dorney&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theirishstory.com%2F2012%2F07%2F02%2Fthe-irish-civil-war-a-brief-overview%2F%23.Vyqm4IR97cc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Karsten, Peter (<time datetime="1998">1998</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.ro/books?id=qGCI_QNHh20C&pg=PA69&lpg=PA69#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Motivating Soldiers: Morale Or Mutiny</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 69-70. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9780815329770" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/9780815329770">9780815329770</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Motivating+Soldiers%3A+Morale+Or+Mutiny&rft.pages=69-70&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780815329770&rft.aulast=Karsten&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.ro%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqGCI_QNHh20C%26pg%3DPA69%26lpg%3DPA69%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/eng/Publications/Publications_Archive/Publications_2010/March%202010%20Version%20-%20Constitution%20of%20Ireland.pdf">„CONSTITUTION OF IRELAND – BUNREACHT NA hÉIREANN”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>, <i>Taoiseach.gov.ie</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2016-05-01">1 mai 2016</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Taoiseach.gov.ie&rft.atitle=CONSTITUTION+OF+IRELAND+%E2%80%93+BUNREACHT+NA+h%C3%89IREANN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taoiseach.gov.ie%2Feng%2FPublications%2FPublications_Archive%2FPublications_2010%2FMarch%25202010%2520Version%2520-%2520Constitution%2520of%2520Ireland.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1937rename-72"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1937rename_72-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">T. Garvin, <i>1922: the birth of Irish democracy</i>, Gill & Macmillan: Dublin, 2005. <br /><cite class="citation book">Peter Cottrell (<time datetime="2008">2008</time>). <i>The Irish Civil War 1922–23</i>. Osprey Publishing. p. 85. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-1-84603-270-7" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-1-84603-270-7">978-1-84603-270-7</a>. <q>Irish voters approved a new constitution, <i>Bunreacht na hÉireann</i>, in 1937 renaming the country Éire or simply Ireland.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Irish+Civil+War+1922%E2%80%9323&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-84603-270-7&rft.au=Peter+Cottrell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> <br /><cite class="citation web">Dr. Darius Whelan (iunie 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Ireland.htm">„Guide to Irish Law”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2009-09-11">11 septembrie 2009</time></span>. <q>This Constitution, which remains in force today, renamed the State <i>Ireland</i> (Article 4) and established four main institutions – the President, the Oireachtas (Parliament), the Government and the Courts.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guide+to+Irish+Law&rft.date=2005-06&rft.au=Dr.+Darius+Whelan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyulawglobal.org%2Fglobalex%2FIreland.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> <br />John T. Koch, Celtic culture: a historical encyclopedia, ABC-CLIO: Santa Barbara, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Mary E. Daly (ianuarie 2007). „The Irish Free State/Éire/Republic of Ireland/Ireland: "A Country by Any Other Name"?”. <i>Journal of British Studies</i>. <b>46</b> (1): 72–90. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F508399">10.1086/508399</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0021-9371">0021-9371</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/508399">10.1086/508399</a>. <q>After the enactment of the 1936 External Relations Act and the 1937 Constitution, Ireland's only remaining link with the crown had been the accreditation of diplomats. The president of Ireland was the head of state. When opposition deputies asked de Valera whether Ireland was a republic—a favorite pastime in the mid‐1940s—he tended to resort to dictionary definitions showing that Ireland had all the attributes of a republic.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+British+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Irish+Free+State%2F%C3%89ire%2FRepublic+of+Ireland%2FIreland%3A+%22A+Country+by+Any+Other+Name%22%3F&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=72-90&rft.date=2007-01&rft.issn=0021-9371&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.1086%2F508399&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F508399&rft.au=Mary+E.+Daly&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFClair_Wills2007" class="citation">Clair Wills (<time datetime="2007-09-09">9 septembrie 2007</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2007/sep/9/the-effects-of-irelands-wwii-policy-of-neutrality/?page=all">„The effects of Ireland's WWII policy of neutrality”</a>, <i>Washington Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2016-05-01">1 mai 2016</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Times&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+Ireland%27s+WWII+policy+of+neutrality&rft.date=2007-09-09&rft.au=Clair+Wills&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtontimes.com%2Fnews%2F2007%2Fsep%2F9%2Fthe-effects-of-irelands-wwii-policy-of-neutrality%2F%3Fpage%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spelman2004p60-76">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Spelman2004p60_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spelman2004p60_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Spelman, Greg (<time datetime="2004">2004</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4262j2gj">„Ireland's Neutrality Policy in World War II: The Impact of Belligerent Pressures on the Implementation of Neutrality”</a>. <i>UCLA Historical Journal</i>. <b>20</b>: 60–82: 60.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UCLA+Historical+Journal&rft.atitle=Ireland%27s+Neutrality+Policy+in+World+War+II%3A+The+Impact+of+Belligerent+Pressures+on+the+Implementation+of+Neutrality&rft.volume=20&rft.pages=60-82%3A+60&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Spelman&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fescholarship.org%2Fuc%2Fitem%2F4262j2gj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGuvernul_Irlandei1948" class="citation">Guvernul Irlandei (<time datetime="1948">1948</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1949/si/27/made/en/print">„The Republic of Ireland Act, 1948 (Commencement) Order, 1949 (S.I. No. 27/1949)”</a>, <i>eISB</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2016-05-01">1 mai 2016</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=eISB&rft.atitle=The+Republic+of+Ireland+Act%2C+1948+%28Commencement%29+Order%2C+1949+%28S.I.+No.+27%2F1949%29&rft.date=1948&rft.au=Guvernul+Irlandei&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishstatutebook.ie%2Feli%2F1949%2Fsi%2F27%2Fmade%2Fen%2Fprint&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1949/si/27/made/en/print">The Republic of Ireland Act, 1948 (Commencement) Order, 1949</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">November getaways (<time datetime="2010-08-22">22 august 2010</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.ie/entertainment/books/review-ireland-at-the-un-memories-of-the-early-years-by-noel-dorr-26673946.html">„Ireland at the UN”</a>. Independent.ie<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2010-11-12">12 noiembrie 2010</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ireland+at+the+UN&rft.date=2010-08-22&rft.au=November+getaways&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.ie%2Fentertainment%2Fbooks%2Freview-ireland-at-the-un-memories-of-the-early-years-by-noel-dorr-26673946.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">November getaways (<time datetime="2010-06-26">26 iunie 2010</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.ie/entertainment/books/a-frank-account-of-irelands-un-affairs-26663319.html">„Ireland's UN affairs”</a>. Independent.ie<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2010-11-12">12 noiembrie 2010</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ireland%27s+UN+affairs&rft.date=2010-06-26&rft.au=November+getaways&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.ie%2Fentertainment%2Fbooks%2Fa-frank-account-of-irelands-un-affairs-26663319.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EF-81">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EF_81-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EF_81-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Callanan, Mark (<time datetime="2007">2007</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.ro/books?id=upWKIC8-Q3sC&pg=PA51&lpg=PA51"><i>Foundations of an Ever Closer Union</i></a>. Institute of Public Administration. p. 51. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9781904541660" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/9781904541660">9781904541660</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foundations+of+an+Ever+Closer+Union&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=Institute+of+Public+Administration&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781904541660&rft.aulast=Callanan&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.ro%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DupWKIC8-Q3sC%26pg%3DPA51%26lpg%3DPA51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalarchives.ie/topics/EU/eu.htm">„National Archives – Ireland and European Unity”</a>. Nationalarchives.ie<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2010-11-12">12 noiembrie 2010</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Archives+%E2%80%93+Ireland+and+European+Unity&rft.pub=Nationalarchives.ie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalarchives.ie%2Ftopics%2FEU%2Feu.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/ireland/ireland_in_the_eu/index1_en.htm">„Joining the European Community”</a>. Ec.europa.eu. <time datetime="1961-07-31">31 iulie 1961</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2010-11-12">12 noiembrie 2010</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Joining+the+European+Community&rft.pub=Ec.europa.eu&rft.date=1961-07-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fireland%2Fireland_in_the_eu%2Findex1_en.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.finfacts.ie/irishfinancenews/article_1014898.shtml">Irish Economy: State bank guarantee tolls the death knell of the Celtic Tiger; Fairytale ends debunking the myths and exposing the reality of foundations built on quicksand</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/faq/faq2.htm">Frequently Asked Questions - The Northern Ireland Conflict</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101206192850/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/faq/faq2.htm">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2010-12-06">6 decembrie 2010</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conflict_Archive_on_the_Internet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conflict Archive on the Internet — pagină inexistentă">Conflict Archive on the Internet</a> (cain.ulst.ac.uk).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1999/3208/contents/made">„The Northern Ireland Act 1998 (Appointed Day) Order 1999”</a>. legislation.gov.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2010-01-28">28 ianuarie 2010</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Northern+Ireland+Act+1998+%28Appointed+Day%29+Order+1999&rft.pub=legislation.gov.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Fuksi%2F1999%2F3208%2Fcontents%2Fmade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIA-87">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_87-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_87-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_87-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_87-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_87-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_87-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190506104239/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ei.html">„Ireland”</a>. <i>CIA World Factbook</i>. Central Intelligence Agency. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ei.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2019-05-06">6 mai 2019</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-08-28">28 august 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Ireland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fei.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-geone-88">^ <a href="#cite_ref-geone_88-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-geone_88-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-geone_88-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Sinclair, Archibald (<time datetime="1843">1843</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.ro/books?id=9vQDAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA309&lpg=PA309#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>A system of modern geography</i></a>. Shields & Son. p. 309.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+system+of+modern+geography&rft.pages=309&rft.pub=Shields+%26+Son&rft.date=1843&rft.aulast=Sinclair&rft.aufirst=Archibald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.ro%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9vQDAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA309%26lpg%3DPA309%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mountainviews.ie/summit/1/">„Corrán Tuathail/Carrauntoohil 1038.6m”</a>, <i>Mountainviews.ie</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2016-05-01">1 mai 2016</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mountainviews.ie&rft.atitle=Corr%C3%A1n+Tuathail%2FCarrauntoohil+1038.6m&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmountainviews.ie%2Fsummit%2F1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSophie_Lake,_Durwyn_Liley,_Robert_Still,_Andy_Swash2015" class="citation">Sophie Lake, Durwyn Liley, Robert Still, Andy Swash (<time datetime="2015">2015</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.ro/books?id=L_R-BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA193#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Britain's Habitats: A Guide to the Wildlife Habitats of Britain and Ireland</i></a> (în engleză), Princeton University Press, p. 193, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9781400873197" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/9781400873197">9781400873197</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain%27s+Habitats%3A+A+Guide+to+the+Wildlife+Habitats+of+Britain+and+Ireland&rft.pages=193&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781400873197&rft.au=Sophie+Lake%2C+Durwyn+Liley%2C+Robert+Still%2C+Andy+Swash&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.ro%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL_R-BwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA193%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parametru necunoscut <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|pagina=</code> ignorat (posibil, <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|pages=</code>?) (<a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>)</span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Mentenanță CS1: Nume multiple: lista autorilor (<a href="/wiki/Categorie:Mentenan%C8%9B%C4%83_CS1:_Nume_multiple:_lista_autorilor" title="Categorie:Mentenanță CS1: Nume multiple: lista autorilor">link</a>) </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forestryservices.ie/history">„History of Forestry in Ireland”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-06-15">15 iunie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Forestry+in+Ireland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forestryservices.ie%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/5040038/5-15062011-BP-EN.PDF/cd3be4a5-5ee0-4ffb-9a18-367f628eb350?version=1.0">„Forests cover around 40% of the EU27 land area”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Accesat în <time datetime="2010-06-20">20 iunie 2010</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Final+Principal+Demographic+Results+2006&rft.pages=31+%28Table+Q%29&rft.pub=Central+Statistics+Office&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=0-7557-7169-9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cso.ie%2Fcensus%2Fdocuments%2FFinal%2520Principal%2520Demographic%2520Results%25202006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-catholicireland.net_2016-05-01-208"><b><a href="#cite_ref-catholicireland.net_2016-05-01_208-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholicireland.net/saintoftheday/st-colmcille-of-iona-521-597-3rd-patron-of-ireland/">„Jun 9 - St Columba (Colmcille) of Iona (2), 521-597”</a>, <i>Catholicireland.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2016-05-01">1 mai 2016</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Catholicireland.net&rft.atitle=Jun+9+-+St+Columba+%28Colmcille%29+of+Iona+%282%29%2C+521-597&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicireland.net%2Fsaintoftheday%2Fst-colmcille-of-iona-521-597-3rd-patron-of-ireland%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><b><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.com/topics/st-patricks-day">„St. Patrick's Day”</a>, <i>History.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2016-05-01">1 mai 2016</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History.com&rft.atitle=St.+Patrick%27s+Day&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Ftopics%2Fst-patricks-day&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated242-210"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated242_210-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Mike Cronin, Daryl Adair (<time datetime="2002">2002</time>). <i>The Wearing of the Green: A History of St. Patrick's Day</i>. Routledge. p. 242.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wearing+of+the+Green%3A+A+History+of+St.+Patrick%27s+Day&rft.pages=242&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Mentenanță CS1: Utilizează parametrul autori (<a href="/wiki/Categorie:Mentenan%C8%9B%C4%83_CS1:_Utilizeaz%C4%83_parametrul_autori" title="Categorie:Mentenanță CS1: Utilizează parametrul autori">link</a>) </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><b><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Daniszewski, John (<time datetime="2005-04-17">17 aprilie 2005</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/news/la-fg-ireland17apr17-story.html#page=1">„Catholicism Losing Ground in Ireland”</a>. <i>LA Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-08-29">29 august 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LA+Times&rft.atitle=Catholicism+Losing+Ground+in+Ireland&rft.date=2005-04-17&rft.aulast=Daniszewski&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnews%2Fla-fg-ireland17apr17-story.html%23page%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> <cite class="citation news">Lawler, Phil (<time datetime="2007-09-17">17 septembrie 2007</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholicculture.org/news/features/index.cfm?recnum=53564">„Ireland threatened by secularism, Pope tells new envoy”</a>. <i>Catholic World News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-08-29">29 august 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Catholic+World+News&rft.atitle=Ireland+threatened+by+secularism%2C+Pope+tells+new+envoy&rft.date=2007-09-17&rft.aulast=Lawler&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicculture.org%2Fnews%2Ffeatures%2Findex.cfm%3Frecnum%3D53564&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927164507/http://www.secularism.org.uk/irishpollshowsparentsnolongerwan.html">„Irish poll shows parents no longer want to force religion on to children”</a>. United Kingdom: National Secular Society. <time datetime="2007-04-13">13 aprilie 2007</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.secularism.org.uk/irishpollshowsparentsnolongerwan.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2011-09-27">27 septembrie 2011</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-08-29">29 august 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Irish+poll+shows+parents+no+longer+want+to+force+religion+on+to+children&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pub=National+Secular+Society&rft.date=2007-04-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.secularism.org.uk%2Firishpollshowsparentsnolongerwan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><b><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.celticleague.net/constitution/">„Constitition of the League”</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celtic_League&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Celtic League — pagină inexistentă">The Celtic League</a></i>. <time datetime="2015">2015</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2015-01-06">6 ianuarie 2015</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Celtic+League&rft.atitle=Constitition+of+the+League&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.celticleague.net%2Fconstitution%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-litt-213">^ <a href="#cite_ref-litt_213-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-litt_213-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-litt_213-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Eoin O'Malley (<time datetime="2011">2011</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.ro/books?id=noMdBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA162&lpg=PA162#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Contemporary Ireland</i></a>. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 162. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9780230343825" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/9780230343825">9780230343825</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Ireland&rft.pages=162&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780230343825&rft.au=Eoin+O%27Malley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.ro%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnoMdBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA162%26lpg%3DPA162%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><b><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.persee.fr/doc/irlan_0183-973x_1981_num_6_1_2291_t1_0233_0000_5"><i>Études irlandaises</i></a>, <time datetime="1981">1981</time>, p. 234<span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2016-05-05">5 mai 2016</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C3%89tudes+irlandaises&rft.pages=234&rft.date=1981&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2Fdoc%2Firlan_0183-973x_1981_num_6_1_2291_t1_0233_0000_5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><b><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Keillor, Garrison, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://writersalmanac.publicradio.org/index.php?date=2010/02/02">The Writer's Almanac</a>", 2 February 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-teat-216">^ <a href="#cite_ref-teat_216-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-teat_216-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Chris Morash (<time datetime="2011">2011</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.ro/books?id=tBoSJFAnKbMC&printsec=frontcover&hl=ro#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>A History of Irish Theatre 1601-2000</i></a>. Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9780521646826" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/9780521646826">9780521646826</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Irish+Theatre+1601-2000&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780521646826&rft.au=Chris+Morash&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.ro%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtBoSJFAnKbMC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26hl%3Dro%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><b><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Marlies K. Danziger (<time datetime="1978">1978</time>). <i>Oliver Goldsmith and Richard Brinsley Sheridan</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9780804421294" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/9780804421294">9780804421294</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oliver+Goldsmith+and+Richard+Brinsley+Sheridan&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=9780804421294&rft.au=Marlies+K.+Danziger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><b><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Houston, Eugenie (<time datetime="2001">2001</time>). <i>Working and Living in Ireland</i>. Working and Living Publications. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0-9536896-8-9" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/0-9536896-8-9">0-9536896-8-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Working+and+Living+in+Ireland&rft.pub=Working+and+Living+Publications&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-9536896-8-9&rft.aulast=Houston&rft.aufirst=Eugenie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><b><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Stephen Watt, Eileen M. Morgan, Shakir M. Mustafa (<time datetime="2003">2003</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.ro/books?id=5ufvnsX-ny8C&pg=PA131&lpg=PA131#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>A Century of Irish Drama: Widening the Stage</i></a>. Indiana University Press. p. 131. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9780253214195" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/9780253214195">9780253214195</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Century+of+Irish+Drama%3A+Widening+the+Stage&rft.pages=131&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780253214195&rft.au=Stephen+Watt%2C+Eileen+M.+Morgan%2C+Shakir+M.+Mustafa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.ro%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5ufvnsX-ny8C%26pg%3DPA131%26lpg%3DPA131%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Mentenanță CS1: Nume multiple: lista autorilor (<a href="/wiki/Categorie:Mentenan%C8%9B%C4%83_CS1:_Nume_multiple:_lista_autorilor" title="Categorie:Mentenanță CS1: Nume multiple: lista autorilor">link</a>) </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-music2-220">^ <a href="#cite_ref-music2_220-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-music2_220-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Fionn Davenport (<time datetime="2008">2008</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.ro/books?id=-V_ElrdRTXQC&pg=PA37&lpg=PA37#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Dublin City Guide</i></a>. 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Contemporary Music Centre – Links. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cmc.ie/links/index.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2016-02-14">14 februarie 2016</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Accesat în <time datetime="2013-01-19">19 ianuarie 2013</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Anthem&rft.pub=Department+of+the+Taoiseach+%22Youth+Zone%22+web+page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taoiseach.gov.ie%2Feng%2FHistorical_Information%2FThe_National_Anthem%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-311"><b><a href="#cite_ref-311">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyireland.com/20th-century-contemporary-history/the-story-of-the-national-anthem/">„The Story of the National Anthem”</a>. <i>historyireland.com</i>. History Ireland.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=historyireland.com&rft.atitle=The+Story+of+the+National+Anthem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyireland.com%2F20th-century-contemporary-history%2Fthe-story-of-the-national-anthem%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-312"><b><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160604083137/http://www.agerpres.ro/flux-documentare/2016/03/17/zile-nationale-irlanda-ziua-sf-patrick-07-24-17">„ZILE NAȚIONALE: Irlanda - Ziua Sf. Patrick”</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Agerpres" class="mw-redirect" title="Agerpres">Agerpres</a></i>, <time datetime="2016-03-17">17 martie 2016</time>, arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agerpres.ro/flux-documentare/2016/03/17/zile-nationale-irlanda-ziua-sf-patrick-07-24-17">original</a> la <time datetime="2016-06-04">4 iunie 2016</time><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2016-05-03">3 mai 2016</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agerpres&rft.atitle=ZILE+NA%C8%9AIONALE%3A+Irlanda+-+Ziua+Sf.+Patrick&rft.date=2016-03-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.agerpres.ro%2Fflux-documentare%2F2016%2F03%2F17%2Fzile-nationale-irlanda-ziua-sf-patrick-07-24-17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-whc.unesco.org_2015-03-13-313"><b><a href="#cite_ref-whc.unesco.org_2015-03-13_313-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/ie">„Ireland - UNESCO World Heritage Centre”</a>, <i>Whc.unesco.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2015-03-13">13 martie 2015</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Whc.unesco.org&rft.atitle=Ireland+-+UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Fstatesparties%2Fie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografie">Bibliografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit&section=38" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bibliografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r12727094">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFGilland2001" class="citation book">Gilland, Karin (<time datetime="2001">2001</time>). <i>Ireland: Neutrality and the International Use of Force</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0-415-21804-7" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/0-415-21804-7">0-415-21804-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ireland%3A+Neutrality+and+the+International+Use+of+Force&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-415-21804-7&rft.aulast=Gilland&rft.aufirst=Karin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGreenwood2003" class="citation book">Greenwood, Margaret (<time datetime="2003">2003</time>). <i>Rough guide to Ireland</i>. Rough Guides. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/1-84353-059-7" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/1-84353-059-7">1-84353-059-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rough+guide+to+Ireland&rft.pub=Rough+Guides&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-84353-059-7&rft.aulast=Greenwood&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMangan2007" class="citation book">Mangan, James Clarence (<time datetime="2007">2007</time>). <i>James Clarence Mangan – His Selected Poems</i>. Read Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/1-4086-2700-0" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/1-4086-2700-0">1-4086-2700-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=James+Clarence+Mangan+%E2%80%93+His+Selected+Poems&rft.pub=Read+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=1-4086-2700-0&rft.aulast=Mangan&rft.aufirst=James+Clarence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMeinardus2002" class="citation book">Meinardus, Otto Friedrich August (<time datetime="2002">2002</time>). <i>Two thousand years of Coptic Christianity</i>. American Univ in Cairo Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/977-424-757-4" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/977-424-757-4">977-424-757-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Two+thousand+years+of+Coptic+Christianity&rft.pub=American+Univ+in+Cairo+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=977-424-757-4&rft.aulast=Meinardus&rft.aufirst=Otto+Friedrich+August&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMoody2005" class="citation book">Moody, Theodore William (<time datetime="2005">2005</time>). <i>A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0-19-821737-4" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/0-19-821737-4">0-19-821737-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+New+History+of+Ireland%3A+Prehistoric+and+early+Ireland&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-19-821737-4&rft.aulast=Moody&rft.aufirst=Theodore+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIrlanda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit&section=39" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9f9); color:var(--color-base, #000); width: 230px; padding: 2px; spacing: 2px; text-align: center; float: right;"> <div style="float: left; vertical-align:middle;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Commons</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 35px; line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> conține materiale multimedia legate de <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ireland" class="extiw" title="commons:Ireland">Irlanda</a></b></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Locuri_din_patrimoniul_mondial_UNESCO" class="mw-redirect" title="Locuri din patrimoniul mondial UNESCO">Locuri din patrimoniul mondial UNESCO</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&veaction=edit&section=40" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Ireland" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Ireland">Atlasul Wikimedia pentru Ireland</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.ie/">Guvernul Irlandei</a></li></ul> <p><br clear="all" /> </p> <div style="text-align:center"> <table class="toc noprint" cellpadding="0" width="95%" cellspacing="2" style="align:center; text-align:center;clear:all;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><span style="display:inline;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 0px;vertical-align:baseline;border:solid 1px #AAAAAA;border-collapse:collapse;padding:0px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Ireland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/95px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="95" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/143px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/190px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> </th> <th bgcolor="#EEE8AA">Subiecte <a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="color:#080808;">Irlanda</span></a> — <a href="/wiki/Categorie:Irlandezi" title="Categorie:Irlandezi">Irlandezi</a> — <a href="/wiki/Limba_irlandez%C4%83" title="Limba irlandeză">Limba irlandeză</a> <div style="float:right; width:5em;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Subiecte_Irlanda" title="Format:Subiecte Irlanda"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Subiecte_Irlanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Subiecte Irlanda — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style=";">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Subiecte_Irlanda&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";">m</span></a></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:95%"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ap%C4%83rarea_Irlandei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apărarea Irlandei — pagină inexistentă">Apărare</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_localit%C4%83%C8%9Bi_din_Irlanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Listă de localități din Irlanda">Așezări</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Capitala</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clima_Irlandei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clima Irlandei — pagină inexistentă">Climă</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List%C4%83_de_conduc%C4%83tori_ai_Irlandei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Listă de conducători ai Irlandei — pagină inexistentă">Conducători</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cultura_Irlandei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cultura Irlandei — pagină inexistentă">Cultură</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Demografia_Irlandei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demografia Irlandei — pagină inexistentă">Demografie</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Economia_Irlandei" title="Economia Irlandei">Economie</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Educa%C8%9Bia_%C3%AEn_Irlanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Educația în Irlanda — pagină inexistentă">Educație</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_Irlandei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flora Irlandei — pagină inexistentă">Floră</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_Irlandei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna Irlandei — pagină inexistentă">Faună</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Geografia_Irlandei" title="Geografia Irlandei">Geografie</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidrografia_Irlandei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hidrografia Irlandei — pagină inexistentă">Hidrografie</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Istoria_Irlandei" title="Istoria Irlandei">Istorie</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Lista_ora%C8%99elor_din_Irlanda" title="Lista orașelor din Irlanda">Orașe</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Politica_Irlandei" title="Politica Irlandei">Politică</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C4%83n%C4%83tatea_%C3%AEn_Irlanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sănătatea în Irlanda — pagină inexistentă">Sănătate</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sportul_%C3%AEn_Irlanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sportul în Irlanda — pagină inexistentă">Sport</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Steagul_Irlandei" class="mw-redirect" title="Steagul Irlandei">Steag</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Stema_Irlandei" title="Stema Irlandei">Stemă</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Comitatele_Irlandei" title="Comitatele Irlandei">Subdiviziuni</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turismul_%C3%AEn_Irlanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turismul în Irlanda — pagină inexistentă">Turism</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Categorie:Cioturi_Irlanda" title="Categorie:Cioturi Irlanda">Cioturi</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Categorie:Formate_Irlanda" title="Categorie:Formate Irlanda">Formate</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ireland" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ireland">Imagini</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Irlanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portal:Irlanda — pagină inexistentă">Portal</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style=";;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:State_Irlanda" title="Format:State Irlanda"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:State_Irlanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:State Irlanda — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style=";;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:State_Irlanda&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;">Statele irlandeze din 1171 până în prezent</span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Republica_Irlanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Republica Irlanda">Irlanda</a> (1937–prezent) <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Regatul_Unit_al_Marii_Britanii_%C8%99i_al_Irlandei_de_Nord" title="Regatul Unit al Marii Britanii și al Irlandei de Nord">Regatul Unit al Marii Britanii și al Irlandei de Nord</a> (1922–prezent) </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Perioada Medievală </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irlanda_Gaelic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irlanda Gaelică — pagină inexistentă">Irlanda Gaelică</a> (preistorie–1607) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senioria_Irlandei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senioria Irlandei — pagină inexistentă">Senioria Irlandei</a> (1171–1541) </span> </p> </div></div> </td> <td class="navbox-image" style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="9"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Island_of_Ireland_NASA.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Irlanda"><img alt="Irlanda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Island_of_Ireland_NASA.png/100px-Island_of_Ireland_NASA.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Island_of_Ireland_NASA.png/150px-Island_of_Ireland_NASA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Island_of_Ireland_NASA.png/200px-Island_of_Ireland_NASA.png 2x" data-file-width="746" data-file-height="945" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Perioada Modernă </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Regatul_Irlandei" title="Regatul Irlandei">Regatul Irlandei</a> (1541–1801) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Regatul_Unit_al_Marii_Britanii_%C8%99i_Irlandei" title="Regatul Unit al Marii Britanii și Irlandei">Regatul Unit al Marii Britanii și Irlandei</a> (1801–1922) </span> </p> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Secolul XX </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Statul_liber_Irlandez" class="mw-redirect" title="Statul liber Irlandez">Statul liber Irlandez</a> (1922–37) </span> </p> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">State auto-proclamate notabile </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Connaught&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republica Connaught — pagină inexistentă">Republica Connaught</a> (1798) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Republica_Irlandez%C4%83" title="Republica Irlandeză">Republica Irlandeză</a> (1919–22) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Republica_Munster" title="Republica Munster">Republica Munster</a> (1922) </span> </p> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Vezi și </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Confedera%C8%9Bia_Irlandei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Confederația Irlandei — pagină inexistentă">Confederația Irlandei</a> (1642–53) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Protectoratul" title="Protectoratul">Commonwealthul Angliei, Scoției și Irlandei</a> (1649–60) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlamentul_Irlandei_de_Nord&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parlamentul Irlandei de Nord — pagină inexistentă">Parlamentul Irlandei de Nord</a> (1921–72) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Irlanda_de_Sud" title="Irlanda de Sud">Irlanda de Sud</a> (1921–22) </span> </p> </div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16513826">.mw-parser-output .navbox{margin:0 auto 0}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-image[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-list[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-title[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}}</style> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style=";;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:TariUE" title="Format:TariUE"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:TariUE" title="Discuție Format:TariUE"><span title="Discuție format" style=";;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:TariUE&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;"><a href="/wiki/Uniunea_European%C4%83" title="Uniunea Europeană">Uniunea Europeană</a> și <a href="/wiki/Extinderea_Uniunii_Europene" title="Extinderea Uniunii Europene">țări candidate la extindere</a></span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Țări membre </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Belgia" title="Belgia">Belgia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cehia" title="Cehia">Cehia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cipru" title="Cipru">Cipru</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Croa%C8%9Bia" title="Croația">Croația</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Danemarca" title="Danemarca">Danemarca</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Finlanda" title="Finlanda">Finlanda</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Fran%C8%9Ba" title="Franța">Franța</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Grecia" title="Grecia">Grecia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Irlanda</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Letonia" title="Letonia">Letonia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania">Lituania</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Luxemburg" title="Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia">Polonia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Portugalia" title="Portugalia">Portugalia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A2nia" title="România">România</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Slovacia" title="Slovacia">Slovacia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Spania" title="Spania">Spania</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Suedia" title="Suedia">Suedia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%C8%9A%C4%83rile_de_Jos" title="Țările de Jos">Țările de Jos</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ungaria" title="Ungaria">Ungaria</a></div> </td> <td class="navbox-image" style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="5"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Uniunea Europeană"><img alt="Uniunea Europeană" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/75px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/113px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/150px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Țări candidate </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_de_Nord" title="Macedonia de Nord">Macedonia de Nord</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rela%C8%9Biile_dintre_Republica_Moldova_%C8%99i_Uniunea_European%C4%83" title="Relațiile dintre Republica Moldova și Uniunea Europeană">Republica Moldova</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Muntenegru" title="Muntenegru">Muntenegru</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia">Turcia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ucraina" title="Ucraina">Ucraina</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Țări aplicante </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_%C8%99i_Her%C8%9Begovina" title="Bosnia și Herțegovina">Bosnia și Herțegovina</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style=";;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:%C8%9A%C4%83ri_dezvoltate" title="Format:Țări dezvoltate"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:%C8%9A%C4%83ri_dezvoltate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Țări dezvoltate — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style=";;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:%C8%9A%C4%83ri_dezvoltate&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;"><a href="/wiki/%C8%9Aar%C4%83_dezvoltat%C4%83" title="Țară dezvoltată">Țări dezvoltate</a></span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Belgia" title="Belgia">Belgia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Republica_Popular%C4%83_Chinez%C4%83" title="Republica Populară Chineză">Republica Populară Chineză</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Coreea_de_Sud" title="Coreea de Sud">Coreea de Sud</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Danemarca" title="Danemarca">Danemarca</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Elve%C8%9Bia" title="Elveția">Elveția</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Finlanda" title="Finlanda">Finlanda</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Fran%C8%9Ba" title="Franța">Franța</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Indonezia" title="Indonezia">Indonezia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda">Islanda</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia">Japonia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Luxemburg" title="Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mexic" title="Mexic">Mexic</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Norvegia" title="Norvegia">Norvegia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Noua_Zeeland%C4%83" title="Noua Zeelandă">Noua Zeelandă</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Regatul_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Regatul Unit">Regatul Unit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Spania" title="Spania">Spania</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Statele_Unite_ale_Americii" title="Statele Unite ale Americii">Statele Unite ale Americii</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Suedia" title="Suedia">Suedia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Republica_Chinez%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Republica Chineză">Taiwan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%C8%9A%C4%83rile_de_Jos" title="Țările de Jos">Țările de Jos</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style=";;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:%C8%9A%C4%83ri_europene" title="Format:Țări europene"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:%C8%9A%C4%83ri_europene" title="Discuție Format:Țări europene"><span title="Discuție format" style=";;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:%C8%9A%C4%83ri_europene&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;"><a href="/wiki/Lista_%C8%9B%C4%83rilor_%C8%99i_teritoriilor_nesuverane_europene" title="Lista țărilor și teritoriilor nesuverane europene">Țări independente sau recunoscute parțial și regiuni nesuverane în Europa</a></span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_%C8%9B%C4%83ri_europene" class="mw-redirect" title="Listă de țări europene">Țări independente</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div> <p><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a><small><sup>1</sup></small> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Azerbaidjan" title="Azerbaidjan">Azerbaidjan</a><small><sup>2</sup></small> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Belgia" title="Belgia">Belgia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_%C8%99i_Her%C8%9Begovina" title="Bosnia și Herțegovina">Bosnia și Herțegovina</a></span> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cehia" title="Cehia">Cehia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cipru" title="Cipru">Cipru</a><small><sup>1</sup></small> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Croa%C8%9Bia" title="Croația">Croația</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Danemarca" title="Danemarca">Danemarca</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Elve%C8%9Bia" title="Elveția">Elveția</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Finlanda" title="Finlanda">Finlanda</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Fran%C8%9Ba" title="Franța">Franța</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a><small><sup>2</sup></small> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Grecia" title="Grecia">Grecia</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Irlanda</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda">Islanda</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Letonia" title="Letonia">Letonia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania">Lituania</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Luxemburg" title="Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_de_Nord" title="Macedonia de Nord">Macedonia de Nord</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Republica_Moldova" title="Republica Moldova">Republica Moldova</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Muntenegru" title="Muntenegru">Muntenegru</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Norvegia" title="Norvegia">Norvegia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia">Polonia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Portugalia" title="Portugalia">Portugalia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Regatul_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Regatul Unit">Regatul Unit</a></span> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A2nia" title="România">România</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a><small><sup>3</sup></small> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a></span> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Slovacia" title="Slovacia">Slovacia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Spania" title="Spania">Spania</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Suedia" title="Suedia">Suedia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia">Turcia</a><small><sup>3</sup></small> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%C8%9A%C4%83rile_de_Jos" title="Țările de Jos">Țările de Jos</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ucraina" title="Ucraina">Ucraina</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ungaria" title="Ungaria">Ungaria</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Vatican" title="Vatican">Vatican</a> </p> </div></div> </td> <td class="navbox-image" style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="5"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Europe_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/225px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/300px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Lista_%C8%9B%C4%83rilor_%C8%99i_teritoriilor_nesuverane_europene" title="Lista țărilor și teritoriilor nesuverane europene">Republici, teritorii și regiuni<br />recunoscute parțial</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div> <p><a href="/wiki/Abhazia" title="Abhazia">Abhazia</a><small><sup>2</sup></small> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Republica_Turc%C4%83_a_Ciprului_de_Nord" title="Republica Turcă a Ciprului de Nord">Ciprul de Nord</a><small><sup>1</sup></small></span> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Republica_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Republica Kosovo">Kosovo</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Osetia_de_Sud" title="Osetia de Sud">Osetia de Sud</a><small><sup>2</sup></small></span> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Republica_Moldoveneasc%C4%83_Nistrean%C4%83" title="Republica Moldovenească Nistreană">Republica Moldovenească Nistreană</a> </p> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Lista_%C8%9B%C4%83rilor_%C8%99i_teritoriilor_nesuverane_europene" title="Lista țărilor și teritoriilor nesuverane europene">Teritorii și regiuni nesuverane</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div> </div> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;;;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:relative;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Danemarca</div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Insulele_Feroe" title="Insulele Feroe">Insulele Feroe</a></span> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Groenlanda" title="Groenlanda">Groenlanda</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:relative;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Finlanda</div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Insulele_%C3%85land" title="Insulele Åland">Insulele Åland</a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:relative;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Grecia</div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Muntele_Athos" title="Muntele Athos">Muntele Athos</a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:relative;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Norvegia</div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:relative;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Regatul Unit</div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_%C8%99i_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri și Dhekelia">Akrotiri și Dhekelia</a><small><sup>1</sup></small></span> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Insula_Man" title="Insula Man">Insula Man</a></span> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Insula_Jersey" title="Insula Jersey">Jersey</a></span></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"> </div></div>  </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="3"><small><sup>1</sup></small> În întregime în Asia, dar din punct de vedere istoric este considerat european  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <small><sup>2</sup></small> Parțial sau în întregime în Asia, în funcție de definirea graniței  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <small><sup>3</sup></small> Stat transcontinental (preponderent asiatic)<br /> <p><b>Țări după continent: <a href="/wiki/Format:Africa" title="Format:Africa">Africa</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Format:America_de_Nord" title="Format:America de Nord">America de Nord</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Format:America_de_Sud" title="Format:America de Sud">America de Sud</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Format:%C8%9A%C4%83ri_%C3%AEn_Asia" title="Format:Țări în Asia">Asia</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Format:%C8%9A%C4%83ri_europene" title="Format:Țări europene">Europa</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Format:Oceania" title="Format:Oceania">Oceania</a></b> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Control_de_autoritate" title="Ajutor:Control de autoritate">Control de autoritate</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11864622v">cb11864622v</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11864622v">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4027667-3">4027667-3</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">HDS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/003357">003357</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000123591198">0000 0001 2359 1198</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/KulturNav" title="KulturNav">KulturNav</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/b40dabb1-e9e6-49a8-bcf3-cd18502333ab">b40dabb1-e9e6-49a8-bcf3-cd18502333ab</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79063445">n79063445</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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