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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main 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title="Babalawo – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Babalawo" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babalawo" title="Babalawo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Babalawo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babalawo" title="Babalawo – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Babalawo" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babalawo" title="Babalawo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Babalawo" 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width: 20em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background-color: #93C572;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Yoruba_religion" title="Category:Yoruba religion">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color: #93C572;;color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_religion" title="Yoruba religion"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Yoruba religion</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Isese_religion.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The Global symbol of Ìṣẹ̀ṣe"><img alt="The Global symbol of Ìṣẹ̀ṣe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Isese_religion.png/250px-Isese_religion.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Isese_religion.png/375px-Isese_religion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Isese_religion.png/500px-Isese_religion.png 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #93C572;"> <b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Yoruba_deities" title="List of Yoruba deities">Deities</a></b></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cl%E1%BB%8Drun" title="Ọlọrun">Ọlọrun / Olodumare</a> / <a href="/wiki/Olofi" class="mw-redirect" title="Olofi">Olofin</a> <br /></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Orisha" title="Orisha">The Orisha</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Aganju" title="Aganju">Aganju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agemo_(deity)" title="Agemo (deity)">Agemo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajaka" title="Ajaka">Ajaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayao" title="Ayao">Ayao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babal%C3%BA-Ay%C3%A9" title="Babalú-Ayé">Babalú-Ayé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elegua" title="Elegua">Elegua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erinle" class="mw-redirect" title="Erinle">Erinle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eshu" title="Eshu">Eshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibeji" title="Ibeji">Ibeji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oduduwa" title="Oduduwa">Oduduwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogun" title="Ogun">Ogun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olokun" title="Olokun">Olokun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ori_(Yoruba)" title="Ori (Yoruba)">Ori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oko_(Orisha)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oko (Orisha)">Oko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oshumare" class="mw-redirect" title="Oshumare">Oshumare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ọba">Ọba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cbatala" title="Ọbatala">Ọbatala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cranyan" title="Ọranyan">Ọranyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Crunmila" title="Ọrunmila">Ọrunmila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Csanyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ọsanyin">Ọsanyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8C%E1%B9%A3%E1%BB%8D%E1%BB%8Dsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ọṣọọsi">Ọṣọọsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8C%E1%B9%A3un" class="mw-redirect" title="Ọṣun">Ọṣun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cya" title="Ọya">Ọya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shango" title="Shango">Shango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yem%E1%BB%8Dja" title="Yemọja">Yemọja</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #93C572;"> Beliefs</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%E1%B9%A3%E1%BA%B9" title="Aṣẹ">Aṣẹ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayagunna" title="Ayagunna">Ayagunna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_religion#Creation" title="Yoruba religion">Cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egbere" title="Egbere">Egbere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_religion#Irunmọlẹ" title="Yoruba religion">Irunmọlẹ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/If%C3%A1" title="Ifá">Ifá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ori_(Yoruba)" title="Ori (Yoruba)">Ori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ori%E1%B9%A3a" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriṣa">Oriṣa</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #93C572;"> Practices</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajere_Ifa" title="Ajere Ifa">Ajere Ifa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Babalawo</a>/<a href="/wiki/Iyalawo" title="Iyalawo">Iyalawo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowrie-shell_divination" title="Cowrie-shell divination">Cowrie-shell divination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egungun" title="Egungun">Egungun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epa_mask" title="Epa mask">Epa mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%E1%BA%B9l%E1%BA%B9d%E1%BA%B9" title="Gẹlẹdẹ">Gẹlẹdẹ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letra_del_a%C3%B1o" title="Letra del año">Letra del año</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obi_divination" title="Obi divination">Obi divination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osanyin_staff" title="Osanyin staff">Osanyin staff</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #93C572;"> Variants</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Theological_Archministry" title="African Theological Archministry">African Theological Archministry</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9" title="Candomblé">Candomblé</a>, <a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9_Ketu" title="Candomblé Ketu">Ketu</a> (Brazil)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A9l%C3%A9" title="Kélé">Kélé</a> (Saint Lucia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quimbanda" title="Quimbanda">Quimbanda</a> (Brazil)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santer%C3%ADa" title="Santería">Santería</a> (Cuba)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambor_de_Mina" title="Tambor de Mina">Tambor de Mina</a> (Brazil)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_Orisha" title="Trinidad Orisha">Trinidad Orisha</a> (Trinidad)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbanda" title="Umbanda">Umbanda</a> (Brazil)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_religion" title="Yoruba religion">Yoruba religion</a> (Nigeria)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #93C572;"> Sacred sites</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ife" class="mw-redirect" title="Ife">Ile Ife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyo,_Oyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Oyo, Oyo">Oyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osun-Osogbo" title="Osun-Osogbo">Osun-Osogbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorubaland" title="Yorubaland">Yorubaland</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #93C572;"> Legendary figures</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oduduwa" title="Oduduwa">Oduduwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oranyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Oranyan">Oranyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moremi_Ajasoro" title="Moremi Ajasoro">Moremi Ajasoro</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orisa-If%C3%A1_sidebar" title="Template:Orisa-Ifá sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Orisa-If%C3%A1_sidebar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Orisa-Ifá sidebar (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orisa-If%C3%A1_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orisa-Ifá sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Babalawo_Opele_opon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Babalawo_Opele_opon.jpg/220px-Babalawo_Opele_opon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Babalawo_Opele_opon.jpg/330px-Babalawo_Opele_opon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Babalawo_Opele_opon.jpg/440px-Babalawo_Opele_opon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="383" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Babaaláwo</b> or <b>Babalawo </b> in <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a> (<b>Babalao</b> in Caribbean and South American Spanish and <b>Babalaô</b> in Brazilian Portuguese) literally means "father of secrets," (or “father of mysteries”)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_language" title="Yoruba language">Yoruba language</a>. It is a spiritual title that denotes a high <a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">priest</a> of the <a href="/wiki/If%C3%A1" title="Ifá">Ifá</a> <a href="/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle">oracle</a>. Ifá is a <a href="/wiki/Divination" title="Divination">divination</a> system that represents the teachings of the <a href="/wiki/Orisha" title="Orisha">Òrìṣà</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Crunmila" title="Ọrunmila">Ọrunmila</a>, the Òrìṣà of Wisdom, who in turn serves as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_oral_repositories" title="List of oral repositories">oracular representative</a> of <a href="/wiki/Olodumare" class="mw-redirect" title="Olodumare">Olodumare</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_Babalawo">History of Babalawo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Babalawo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History of Babalawo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term "Babalawo" typically refers to a Yoruba religious figure, often considered a priest or diviner, within the Ifa system of the Yoruba people in West Africa. The Ifa system is a complex and ancient divination and religious practice that has its roots in Yoruba mythology and culture and is deeply rooted in Yoruba history and mythology, making it challenging to pinpoint a specific beginning. However, it is generally believed that the Ifa system has ancient origins, dating back centuries within the Yoruba civilization. </p><p>The Ifa system revolves around the worship of Orunmila, who is considered the Orisha (deity) of wisdom and divination. Orunmila is believed to have received the knowledge of Ifa from Olodumare, the supreme deity in the Yoruba pantheon. According to Yoruba mythology, Orunmila then shared this knowledge with human beings, and the practice of Ifa divination was established to guide individuals in making decisions, understanding their destiny, and seeking spiritual guidance. </p><p>Babalawos are the custodians of the Ifa knowledge and play a crucial role in performing Ifa divination ceremonies, interpreting the messages of Orunmila, and providing guidance to individuals and communities. They undergo extensive training and are initiated into the priesthood, often passing down their knowledge through apprenticeship and oral tradition. </p><p>While the specific historical details may be challenging to ascertain due to the ancient nature of the Ifa system, it is clear that the Babalawo and Ifá practice have deep cultural and religious significance within the Yoruba community. Today, Ifa continues to be practiced not only in Nigeria, where the Yoruba people are predominant but also among Yoruba diaspora communities around the world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Functions_in_society">Functions in society</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Babalawo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Functions in society"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Babalawos are believed to ascertain the future of their clients through communication with Ifá. This is done through the interpretation of either the patterns of the <a href="/wiki/Divination" title="Divination">divining</a> chain known as <i><a href="/wiki/Opele" title="Opele">Opele</a></i>, or the sacred <a href="/wiki/Elaeis_guineensis" title="Elaeis guineensis">palm</a> nuts called <i>Ikin</i>, on the traditionally wooden divination tray called <i><a href="/wiki/Opon_If%C3%A1" title="Opon Ifá">Opon Ifá</a></i>. </p><p>In addition to this, some of them also perform divination services on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/King" title="King">kings</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paramount_chief" title="Paramount chief">paramount chiefs</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_people" title="Yoruba people">Yoruba people</a>. These figures, holders of <a href="/wiki/Nigerian_chieftaincy" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigerian chieftaincy">chieftaincy</a> titles like <b>Araba</b> and <b>Oluwo Ifa</b> in their own right, are members of the recognised <a href="/wiki/Aristocracy_(class)" title="Aristocracy (class)">aristocracies</a> of the various Yoruba <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nigerian_traditional_states" title="List of Nigerian traditional states">traditional states</a>. </p><p>People can visit Babalawos for spiritual consultations, which is known as <i>Dafa</i>. The religious system as a whole has been recognized by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> as a “<a href="/wiki/Masterpiece_of_the_Oral_and_Intangible_Heritage_of_Humanity" class="mw-redirect" title="Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity">Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity</a>." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impacts_of_Babalawo">Impacts of Babalawo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Babalawo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Impacts of Babalawo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Babalawos are key custodians of the Ifa system, preserving and transmitting Yoruba cultural heritage through oral tradition, rituals, and ceremonies. This system provides a framework for understanding morality, human relationships, and the world at large. As spiritual leaders and diviners, Babalawos offer guidance to individuals and communities by employing the Ifa divination process, addressing various aspects of life such as health, relationships, and career choices. </p><p>Furthermore, the Ifa system fosters community cohesion through participatory ceremonies, contributing to a shared cultural and religious framework. Some Babalawos are also known for their knowledge of traditional healing practices, incorporating herbs, incantations, and spiritual interventions to address both physical and spiritual ailments within the community. Babalawos often play a role in conflict resolution within families or communities, drawing on the wisdom and ethical principles emphasized by the Ifa system. The impact extends to regions where the Yoruba diaspora has spread, resulting in cultural syncretism with other religious traditions, as seen in practices like Santería, Candomblé, and Vodou. </p><p>However, challenges and controversies exist. Critics may view certain practices as superstitious or express concerns about potential financial exploitation. Additionally, clashes may arise between traditional practices and modern views, particularly in societies undergoing rapid social changes. </p><p>Despite challenges, the Ifa system contributes significantly to the cultural identity of the Yoruba people, distinguishing them from other ethnic and religious groups and fostering pride in their cultural heritage. Moreover, global interest in the Ifa system from scholars, tourists, and spiritual seekers reflects its impact on a broader scale, with both positive appreciation for cultural richness and potential negative aspects related to commodification or misrepresentation of practices. The impacts of Babalawo and the Ifa system are dynamic, evolving over time within the broader dynamics of cultural and religious practices in a changing world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Babalawo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"Calle Luna, Calle Sol", a salsa song by <a href="/wiki/Willie_Col%C3%B3n" title="Willie Colón">Willie Colón</a> and <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9ctor_Lavoe" title="Héctor Lavoe">Héctor Lavoe</a> about <a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Crime in Puerto Rico">Crime in Puerto Rico</a>, mentions Babalawo saying "you may have a saint watching over you but you're not a Babalawo" (<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Tu tienes un santo pero no eres babalao</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Babalawo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/If%C3%A1" title="Ifá">Ifá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iyalawo" title="Iyalawo">Iyalawo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babal%C3%BA" title="Babalú">Babalú</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Brooklyn_Museum_1989.51.39_Nommo_Figure_with_Raised_Arms.jpg/21px-Brooklyn_Museum_1989.51.39_Nommo_Figure_with_Raised_Arms.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Brooklyn_Museum_1989.51.39_Nommo_Figure_with_Raised_Arms.jpg/31px-Brooklyn_Museum_1989.51.39_Nommo_Figure_with_Raised_Arms.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Brooklyn_Museum_1989.51.39_Nommo_Figure_with_Raised_Arms.jpg/42px-Brooklyn_Museum_1989.51.39_Nommo_Figure_with_Raised_Arms.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Traditional_African_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Traditional African religion">Traditional African religion portal</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Babalawo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOlupona2014" class="citation book cs1">Olupona, Jacob K. (2014). <i>African Religions: A Very Short Introduction</i>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-979058-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-979058-6"><bdi>978-0-19-979058-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/839396781">839396781</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=African+Religions%3A+A+Very+Short+Introduction&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F839396781&rft.isbn=978-0-19-979058-6&rft.aulast=Olupona&rft.aufirst=Jacob+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABabalawo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/en-espanol/sdhoy-sanjuaneros-recuerdan-la-trama-de-calle-luna-2014oct27-story.html">"Sanjuaneros recuerdan la trama de "Calle Luna, calle Sol", cantada por Lavoe"</a>. <i>San Diego Union-Tribune en Español</i> (in Spanish). October 27, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=San+Diego+Union-Tribune+en+Espa%C3%B1ol&rft.atitle=Sanjuaneros+recuerdan+la+trama+de+%22Calle+Luna%2C+calle+Sol%22%2C+cantada+por+Lavoe&rft.date=2014-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sandiegouniontribune.com%2Fen-espanol%2Fsdhoy-sanjuaneros-recuerdan-la-trama-de-calle-luna-2014oct27-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABabalawo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Babalawo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://ifa-houseofwisdom.com/babalawo.html">http://ifa-houseofwisdom.com/babalawo.html</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180102013424/http://www.ifafoundation.org/does-the-babalawo-tell-all/">https://web.archive.org/web/20180102013424/http://www.ifafoundation.org/does-the-babalawo-tell-all/</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbdullahi2011" class="citation journal cs1">Abdullahi, Aa (15 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3252714">"Trends and Challenges of Traditional Medicine in Africa"</a>. <i>African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines</i>. <b>8</b> (5S): 115–123. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4314%2Fajtcam.v8i5S.5">10.4314/ajtcam.v8i5S.5</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3252714">3252714</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22754064">22754064</a>.</cite><span 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href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Crunmila" title="Ọrunmila">Ọrunmila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cbatala" title="Ọbatala">Ọbatala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shango" title="Shango">Shango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aganju" title="Aganju">Aganju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agemo_(deity)" title="Agemo (deity)">Agemo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yem%E1%BB%8Dja" title="Yemọja">Yemọja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cya" title="Ọya">Ọya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ọba">Ọba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Csanyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ọsanyin">Ọsanyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babalu_Aye" class="mw-redirect" title="Babalu Aye">Babalu Aye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olokun" title="Olokun">Olokun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orisha_Oko" class="mw-redirect" title="Orisha Oko">Orisha Oko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erinl%E1%BA%B9" title="Erinlẹ">Erinlẹ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oshunmare" title="Oshunmare">Oshunmare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibeji" title="Ibeji">Ibeji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yewa" title="Yewa">Yewa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #93C572;width:1%">Countries of development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_religion" title="Yoruba religion">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santer%C3%ADa" title="Santería">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9_Ketu" title="Candomblé Ketu">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_Orisha" title="Trinidad Orisha">Trinidad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #93C572;width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoruba medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_music#Folk_music" title="Yoruba music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_religion" title="Yoruba religion">Itan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_traditional_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoruba traditional art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogboni" title="Ogboni">Ogboni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelede" class="mw-redirect" title="Gelede">Gelede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/If%C3%A1" title="Ifá">Ifá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iyami_Aje" title="Iyami Aje">Iyami Aje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egungun" title="Egungun">Egungun</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Babalawo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iyalawo" title="Iyalawo">Iyalawo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_calendar" title="Yoruba calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letra_del_a%C3%B1o" title="Letra del año">Letra del año</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #93C572;width:1%">Sacred sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ife" class="mw-redirect" title="Ife">Ile Ife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyo,_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Oyo, Nigeria">Oyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osun-Osogbo" title="Osun-Osogbo">Osun-Osogbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorubaland" title="Yorubaland">Yorubaland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #93C572;width:1%">Legendary figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oduduwa" title="Oduduwa">Oduduwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cranyan" title="Ọranyan">Ọranyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moremi_Ajasoro" title="Moremi Ajasoro">Moremi Ajasoro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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