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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Creation of scenery for theater, film, or TV</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the toys, see <a href="/wiki/Construction_set" title="Construction set">Construction set</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Set_construction" title="Special:EditPage/Set construction">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Set+construction%22">"Set construction"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Set+construction%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Set+construction%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Set+construction%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Set+construction%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Set+construction%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Set_construction.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Set_construction.jpg/220px-Set_construction.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Set_construction.jpg/330px-Set_construction.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Set_construction.jpg/440px-Set_construction.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Carpenter_(theater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpenter (theater)">Carpenters</a> work on constructing the set</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Set construction</b> is the process undertaken by a construction manager to build full-scale scenery, as specified by a <a href="/wiki/Scenic_design" title="Scenic design">production designer</a> or art director working in collaboration with the <a href="/wiki/Theatre_director" title="Theatre director">director</a> of a production to create a <a href="/wiki/Set_(film_and_TV_scenery)" title="Set (film and TV scenery)">set</a> for a theatrical, <a href="/wiki/Film_production" class="mw-redirect" title="Film production">film</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Television_production" class="mw-redirect" title="Television production">television</a> production. The set designer produces a <a href="/wiki/Scale_model" title="Scale model">scale model</a>, scale drawings, paint elevations (a scale painting supplied to the scenic painter of each element that requires painting), and research about <a href="/wiki/Theatrical_property" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatrical property">props</a>, textures, and so on. Scale drawings typically include a <a href="/wiki/Floor_plan" title="Floor plan">ground plan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elevation_(view)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elevation (view)">elevation</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Multiview_orthographic_projection$100000000000section&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Multiview orthographic projection$100000000000section (page does not exist)">section</a> of the complete set, as well as more detailed drawings of individual scenic elements which, in theatrical productions, may be static, <a href="/wiki/Fly_system" title="Fly system">flown</a>, or built onto <a href="/wiki/Scenery_wagon" title="Scenery wagon">scenery wagons</a>. Models and paint elevations are frequently hand-produced, though in recent years, many Production Designers and most commercial theatres have begun producing scale drawings with the aid of computer drafting programs such as <a href="/wiki/AutoCAD" title="AutoCAD">AutoCAD</a> or Vectorworks. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theater">Theater</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Set_construction&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Theater"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dresden_-_Scenography,_set_construction_and_theatrical_scenery_-_2601.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Dresden_-_Scenography%2C_set_construction_and_theatrical_scenery_-_2601.jpg/220px-Dresden_-_Scenography%2C_set_construction_and_theatrical_scenery_-_2601.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Dresden_-_Scenography%2C_set_construction_and_theatrical_scenery_-_2601.jpg/330px-Dresden_-_Scenography%2C_set_construction_and_theatrical_scenery_-_2601.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Dresden_-_Scenography%2C_set_construction_and_theatrical_scenery_-_2601.jpg/440px-Dresden_-_Scenography%2C_set_construction_and_theatrical_scenery_-_2601.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2912" /></a><figcaption>A set under construction at the <a href="/wiki/Semperoper" title="Semperoper">Semperoper</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dresden,_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Dresden, Germany">Dresden, Germany</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carnegie_Mellon_School_of_Drama_set_workshop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Carnegie_Mellon_School_of_Drama_set_workshop.jpg/220px-Carnegie_Mellon_School_of_Drama_set_workshop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Carnegie_Mellon_School_of_Drama_set_workshop.jpg/330px-Carnegie_Mellon_School_of_Drama_set_workshop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Carnegie_Mellon_School_of_Drama_set_workshop.jpg/440px-Carnegie_Mellon_School_of_Drama_set_workshop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7000" data-file-height="3783" /></a><figcaption>Set construction at the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_School_of_Drama" title="Carnegie Mellon School of Drama">Carnegie Mellon School of Drama</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In theater, the <a href="/wiki/Technical_director" title="Technical director">technical director</a> or <a href="/wiki/Production_manager_(theatre)" title="Production manager (theatre)">production manager</a> is the person responsible for evaluating the finished designs and considering budget and time limitations. They engineer the scenery, has it redrafted for building, budgets time, crew and materials, and liaisons between the designer and the shop. Technical directors often have assistant technical directors whose duties can range from drafting to actually building scenery. </p><p>A scene shop, in theatrical production is often overseen by a shop foreman or master <a href="/wiki/Carpenter_(theater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpenter (theater)">carpenter</a>. This person assigns tasks, does direct supervision of carpenters, and deals with day-to-day matters such as absences, breaks, tool repair, etc. The staff of a scene shop is usually referred to as scenic carpenters, but within that there are many specialities such as <a href="/wiki/Plaster" title="Plaster">plasterers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Welder" title="Welder">welders</a>, machinists and scenic stitchers. <a href="/wiki/Scenic_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Scenic painting">Scenic painting</a> is a separate aspect of scenic construction, although the scenic painter usually answers to the scenic charge who usually answers to the technical director. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Film_production">Film production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Set_construction&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Film production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In major <a href="/wiki/Film_production" class="mw-redirect" title="Film production">film production</a> in England, a Supervising Art Director is responsible for a team of Art Directors, each drafting separate sets or sections of a single set. Construction supervisors interpret the drawings and allocate labour and resources, with the Production Designer giving approval of the finished set on the Directors behalf. Film construction is rigidly compartmentalized on major motion pictures.<sup id="cite_ref-urdesign_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urdesign-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Construction of a <a href="/wiki/Set_(film_and_TV_scenery)" title="Set (film and TV scenery)">set</a> is mainly done on studio stages or back lots, often within a studio complex and several studio stages may be allocated purely as workshop space during the construction process. Many disciplines are employed under construction managers but craftsmen tend to not multi-task and so there are a range of job titles such as carpenter, rigger, plasterer, stage hand, poly waller, scenic painter, standby painter and standby carpenter. A prop making workshop is set up in a similar stage and may be paid for out of a Construction or Art Department budget depending on the nature and size of the props in question. </p><p>The construction department is led by a construction coordinator. The coordinator reports to the art director and production designer and is in charge of budgeting and implementing designs. The construction coordinator has a general foreman to assist. Next there are other foremen, lead carpenters called gang bosses, and then all of the carpenters and craftsmen. </p><p>The construction coordinator, or construction company, provides all tools and equipment apart from small hand tools specific to a craftsman's work, such as screw guns, paint brushes and plastering trowels. This makes logistics and efficiency the responsibility of the construction manager and leaves each crew member as fluid freelancers to be hired and off hired at extremely short notice throughout the production. </p><p>Studio complexes tend to have support services such as Drape Shops, general stores, timber stores and plaster shop as well as special effects companies, on site to support construction and other departments. </p><p>In the United States, set construction workers are usually members of the entertainment union, <a href="/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Theatrical_Stage_Employees" title="International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees">IATSE, International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Set_construction&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sound_stage" title="Sound stage">Sound stage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stagecraft" title="Stagecraft">Stagecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staging_(theatre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Staging (theatre)">Staging (theatre)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatrical_scenery" title="Theatrical scenery">Theatrical scenery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_sculptor" title="Film sculptor">Film sculptor</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Set_construction&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px 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.cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.urdesignmag.com/architecture/2019/08/02/the-art-of-illusion-the-design-of-film-set-construction">"THE ART OF ILLUSION: THE DESIGN OF FILM SET CONSTRUCTION"</a>. <i>urdesign</i>. August 2, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=urdesign&rft.atitle=THE+ART+OF+ILLUSION%3A+THE+DESIGN+OF+FILM+SET+CONSTRUCTION&rft.date=2019-08-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.urdesignmag.com%2Farchitecture%2F2019%2F08%2F02%2Fthe-art-of-illusion-the-design-of-film-set-construction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASet+construction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Set_construction&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100411100856/http://www.uic.es/en/scenography">"Master's Degree in Scenography"</a>. <i>Universitat Internacional de Catalunya</i>. 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