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Jeremiah 29 Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

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Jeremiah’s letter of warning to the exiles. The case of Shemaiah<span class="p"><br /><br /></span>The section may be subdivided as follows. (i) <span class="ital"><a href="/context/jeremiah/29-1.htm" title="Now these are the words of the letter that Jeremiah the prophet sent from Jerusalem to the residue of the elders which were carried away captives, and to the priests, and to the prophets, and to all the people whom Nebuchadnezzar had carried away captive from Jerusalem to Babylon;...">Jeremiah 29:1-3</a></span>. Heading. (ii) <span class="ital"><a href="/context/jeremiah/29-4.htm" title="Thus said the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, to all that are carried away captives, whom I have caused to be carried away from Jerusalem to Babylon;...">Jeremiah 29:4-9</a></span>. The exiles are bidden to settle down in Babylon and give no heed to the false prophets. (iii) <span class="ital"><a href="/context/jeremiah/29-10.htm" title="For thus said the LORD, That after seventy years be accomplished at Babylon I will visit you, and perform my good word toward you, in causing you to return to this place....">Jeremiah 29:10-14</a></span>. Not till after seventy years shall they return. (iv) <span class="ital"><a href="/context/jeremiah/29-15.htm" title="Because you have said, The LORD has raised us up prophets in Babylon;...">Jeremiah 29:15-19</a></span>. Zedekiah and his people shall be visited for their sins with permanent captivity. (v) <span class="ital"><a href="/context/jeremiah/29-20.htm" title="Hear you therefore the word of the LORD, all you of the captivity, whom I have sent from Jerusalem to Babylon:...">Jeremiah 29:20-23</a></span>. The lying prophets in Babylon shall be punished. (vi) <span class="ital"><a href="/context/jeremiah/29-24.htm" title="Thus shall you also speak to Shemaiah the Nehelamite, saying,...">Jeremiah 29:24-32</a></span>. Shemaiah the Nehelamite is denounced. For the general characteristics of the ch. see introductory notes to chs. 27–29. We may gather from the style, as well as from its use of the Books of Kings, that it has been augmented, especially in the later part (after <span class="ital"><a href="/jeremiah/29-13.htm" title="And you shall seek me, and find me, when you shall search for me with all your heart.">Jeremiah 29:13</a></span>), from other sources, and mostly, perhaps, by contributions from the hand of Baruch, by whom also it is very probable that Jeremiah’s letter forming the earlier part of the ch. was supplied. Thus that letter may safely be reckoned as genuine, at least in the somewhat shorter form in which the LXX give it.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span>The date of the letter is somewhat earlier than that of chs. 27, 28, as it will probably have preceded Zedekiah’s own visit to Babylon (<a href="/jeremiah/51-59.htm" title="The word which Jeremiah the prophet commanded Seraiah the son of Neriah, the son of Maaseiah, when he went with Zedekiah the king of Judah into Babylon in the fourth year of his reign. And this Seraiah was a quiet prince.">Jeremiah 51:59</a>) in his 4th year (b.c. 594). It is the earliest surviving example from O.T. times of an epistle. See interesting remarks in Deissmann’s <span class="ital">Bible Studies</span>, p. 40 (Eng. ed., Edinburgh, 1901), relating to its bearing upon the Apocryphal “Epistle of Jeremiah.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span> <div class="versenum"><a href="/jeremiah/29-1.htm">Jeremiah 29:1</a></div><div class="verse">Now these <i>are</i> the words of the letter that Jeremiah the prophet sent from Jerusalem unto the residue of the elders which were carried away captives, and to the priests, and to the prophets, and to all the people whom Nebuchadnezzar had carried away captive from Jerusalem to Babylon;</div><span class="bld">1</span>. <span class="ital">Now these are the words of the letter</span>] The exiles in Babylon were subjected to the same danger from false prophets predicting a speedy return (cp. Ezekiel 13), as were their fellow countrymen who remained at home. Jeremiah earnestly deprecates such a belief, and insists that the punishment would last for seventy years.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="ital">the residue</span>] The reference of the word is obscure, but it may allude (so Du.) to some disaster, well known at the time. LXX omit the word, and so Gi.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="ital">and to the priests … to Babylon</span>] Du. omits all these words, holding that Jeremiah addressed the letter to the elders alone. Co. agrees. Gi. now (2nd ed.) rejects the latter part (“whom … to Babylon”), which is absent from LXX. Moreover, he and others consider the whole or the greater part of <span class="ital"><a href="/jeremiah/29-2.htm" title="(After that Jeconiah the king, and the queen, and the eunuchs, the princes of Judah and Jerusalem, and the carpenters, and the smiths, were departed from Jerusalem;)">Jeremiah 29:2</a></span> to be an expansion.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><A name="2"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/jeremiah/29-2.htm">Jeremiah 29:2</a></div><div class="verse">(After that Jeconiah the king, and the queen, and the eunuchs, the princes of Judah and Jerusalem, and the carpenters, and the smiths, were departed from Jerusalem;)</div><span class="bld">2</span>. The letter appears to have been later than ch. 24, to which it plainly alludes more than once. Cp. <span class="ital"><a href="/jeremiah/29-17.htm" title="Thus said the LORD of hosts; Behold, I will send on them the sword, the famine, and the pestilence, and will make them like vile figs, that cannot be eaten, they are so evil.">Jeremiah 29:17</a></span> with <a href="/jeremiah/24-2.htm" title="One basket had very good figs, even like the figs that are first ripe: and the other basket had very naughty figs, which could not be eaten, they were so bad.">Jeremiah 24:2</a>; <a href="/jeremiah/24-8.htm" title="And as the evil figs, which cannot be eaten, they are so evil; surely thus said the LORD, So will I give Zedekiah the king of Judah, and his princes, and the residue of Jerusalem, that remain in this land, and them that dwell in the land of Egypt:">Jeremiah 24:8</a>, and <span class="ital"><a href="/jeremiah/29-18.htm" title="And I will persecute them with the sword, with the famine, and with the pestilence, and will deliver them to be removed to all the kingdoms of the earth, to be a curse, and an astonishment, and an hissing, and a reproach, among all the nations where I have driven them:">Jeremiah 29:18</a></span> with <a href="/jeremiah/24-9.htm" title="And I will deliver them to be removed into all the kingdoms of the earth for their hurt, to be a reproach and a proverb, a taunt and a curse, in all places where I shall drive them.">Jeremiah 24:9</a>.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="ital">the queen-mother</span>] Nehushta. See on ch. <a href="/jeremiah/13-18.htm" title="Say to the king and to the queen, Humble yourselves, sit down: for your principalities shall come down, even the crown of your glory.">Jeremiah 13:18</a>.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="ital">the princes of Judah and Jerusalem, and the craftsmen, and the smiths</span>] Cp. ch. <a href="/jeremiah/24-1.htm" title="The LORD showed me, and, behold, two baskets of figs were set before the temple of the LORD, after that Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon had carried away captive Jeconiah the son of Jehoiakim king of Judah, and the princes of Judah, with the carpenters and smiths, from Jerusalem, and had brought them to Babylon.">Jeremiah 24:1</a>, with note on “smiths.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="ital">were departed</span>] not merely, had surrendered, as the same verb in the Heb. means in the parallel passage, <a href="/2_kings/24-12.htm" title="And Jehoiachin the king of Judah went out to the king of Babylon, he, and his mother, and his servants, and his princes, and his officers: and the king of Babylon took him in the eighth year of his reign.">2 Kings 24:12</a>, but, as the amplification “the craftsmen and the smiths” here indicates, had gone into exile.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><A name="3"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/jeremiah/29-3.htm">Jeremiah 29:3</a></div><div class="verse">By the hand of Elasah the son of Shaphan, and Gemariah the son of Hilkiah, (whom Zedekiah king of Judah sent unto Babylon to Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon) saying,</div><span class="bld">3</span>. <span class="ital">Elasah</span>] As the son of Shaphan he was probably brother of Ahikam (<a href="/jeremiah/26-24.htm" title="Nevertheless the hand of Ahikam the son of Shaphan was with Jeremiah, that they should not give him into the hand of the people to put him to death.">Jeremiah 26:24</a>) who, taking Jeremiah’s side in political matters, would be well received at Babylon.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="ital">Gemariah</span>] Perhaps his father was identical with the chief priest (<a href="/2_kings/22-4.htm" title="Go up to Hilkiah the high priest, that he may sum the silver which is brought into the house of the LORD, which the keepers of the door have gathered of the people:">2 Kings 22:4</a>).<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><A name="4"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/jeremiah/29-4.htm">Jeremiah 29:4</a></div><div class="verse">Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, unto all that are carried away captives, whom I have caused to be carried away from Jerusalem unto Babylon;</div><span class="bld">4–9</span>. See introd. note to section. Instead of looking for an immediate return to Palestine, which would cause the exiles to sit loose to the country where they found themselves, they were to be interested in its welfare and to make homes for themselves. Otherwise they would not only fail to obtain any influence, but would soon dwindle away.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><A name="5"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/jeremiah/29-5.htm">Jeremiah 29:5</a></div><div class="verse">Build ye houses, and dwell <i>in them</i>; and plant gardens, and eat the fruit of them;</div><A name="6"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/jeremiah/29-6.htm">Jeremiah 29:6</a></div><div class="verse">Take ye wives, and beget sons and daughters; and take wives for your sons, and give your daughters to husbands, that they may bear sons and daughters; that ye may be increased there, and not diminished.</div><A name="7"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/jeremiah/29-7.htm">Jeremiah 29:7</a></div><div class="verse">And seek the peace of the city whither I have caused you to be carried away captives, and pray unto the LORD for it: for in the peace thereof shall ye have peace.</div><span class="bld">7</span>. <span class="ital">seek the peace of the city</span>] probably referring not to Babylon only, but to any city in which a body of exiles might be planted. LXX have <span class="ital">the land</span>, as in <a href="/jeremiah/4-29.htm" title="The whole city shall flee for the noise of the horsemen and bowmen; they shall go into thickets, and climb up on the rocks: every city shall be forsaken, and not a man dwell therein.">Jeremiah 4:29</a> (see note), perhaps reading here, as they probably did there, the equivalent Hebrew.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><A name="8"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/jeremiah/29-8.htm">Jeremiah 29:8</a></div><div class="verse">For thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Let not your prophets and your diviners, that <i>be</i> in the midst of you, deceive you, neither hearken to your dreams which ye cause to be dreamed.</div><span class="bld">8</span>. <span class="ital">cause to be dreamed</span>] mg. <span class="ital">dream</span>. The MT., as it stands, gives the sense as in the text, but its form is Aramaic rather than Hebrew and the causative sense is not wanted. The apparent error has arisen from the accidental repetition of one letter in the original. Co., however, would read <span class="ital">they dream</span>, because in <a href="/jeremiah/23-25.htm" title="I have heard what the prophets said, that prophesy lies in my name, saying, I have dreamed, I have dreamed.">Jeremiah 23:25</a>; <a href="/jeremiah/23-27.htm" title="Which think to cause my people to forget my name by their dreams which they tell every man to his neighbor, as their fathers have forgotten my name for Baal.">Jeremiah 23:27</a> f. it is the false prophets who use dreams as the vehicle of their prophecies. Du. considers <span class="ital"><a href="/context/jeremiah/29-8.htm" title="For thus said the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Let not your prophets and your diviners, that be in the middle of you, deceive you, neither listen to your dreams which you cause to be dreamed....">Jeremiah 29:8-10</a></span> to be from a later hand, and Co. is disposed to agree with him as to 8 and 9.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><A name="9"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/jeremiah/29-9.htm">Jeremiah 29:9</a></div><div class="verse">For they prophesy falsely unto you in my name: I have not sent them, saith the LORD.</div><A name="10"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/jeremiah/29-10.htm">Jeremiah 29:10</a></div><div class="verse">For thus saith the LORD, That after seventy years be accomplished at Babylon I will visit you, and perform my good word toward you, in causing you to return to this place.</div><span class="bld">10</span>. <span class="ital">After seventy years</span>] See on <a href="/jeremiah/25-11.htm" title="And this whole land shall be a desolation, and an astonishment; and these nations shall serve the king of Babylon seventy years.">Jeremiah 25:11</a>.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="ital">for Babylon</span>] The announcement has respect to the duration of the empire of Nebuchadnezzar and his successors, and only secondarily to the consequent limitation of the captivity.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="ital">my good word</span>] My gracious promise. See <a href="/context/jeremiah/24-4.htm" title="Again the word of the LORD came to me, saying,...">Jeremiah 24:4-7</a>.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="bld">10–14</span>. Not till after seventy years shall they return.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><A name="11"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/jeremiah/29-11.htm">Jeremiah 29:11</a></div><div class="verse">For I know the thoughts that I think toward you, saith the LORD, thoughts of peace, and not of evil, to give you an expected end.</div><span class="bld">11</span>. <span class="ital">For I know</span>] an assurance on Jehovah’s part that He forgets them not, even though they be far from their proper land.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="ital">the thoughts that I think</span>] i.e. My purposes.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="ital">hope in your latter end</span>] For mg. <span class="ital">a latter end and hope</span> cp. <a href="/proverbs/23-18.htm" title="For surely there is an end; and your expectation shall not be cut off.">Proverbs 23:18</a>; <a href="/proverbs/24-14.htm" title="So shall the knowledge of wisdom be to your soul: when you have found it, then there shall be a reward, and your expectation shall not be cut off.">Proverbs 24:14</a>; <a href="/proverbs/24-20.htm" title="For there shall be no reward to the evil man; the candle of the wicked shall be put out.">Proverbs 24:20</a>.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><A name="12"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/jeremiah/29-12.htm">Jeremiah 29:12</a></div><div class="verse">Then shall ye call upon me, and ye shall go and pray unto me, and I will hearken unto you.</div><span class="bld">12</span>. The MT. is awkward, as it stands. The LXX have merely “and pray unto me, and I will hearken unto you.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><A name="13"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/jeremiah/29-13.htm">Jeremiah 29:13</a></div><div class="verse">And ye shall seek me, and find <i>me</i>, when ye shall search for me with all your heart.</div><A name="14"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/jeremiah/29-14.htm">Jeremiah 29:14</a></div><div class="verse">And I will be found of you, saith the LORD: and I will turn away your captivity, and I will gather you from all the nations, and from all the places whither I have driven you, saith the LORD; and I will bring you again into the place whence I caused you to be carried away captive.</div><span class="bld">14</span>. The LXX have only “And I will be found of you” (lit. “I will appear to you”). The remaining words are evidently a later addition, relating to a <span class="ital">general</span> dispersion, and thus unsuitable to the present context.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="ital">turn again your captivity</span>] The Hebrew expression here and elsewhere probably means simply to <span class="ital">restore the fortunes</span>. See C.B. <a href="/psalms/14-7.htm" title="Oh that the salvation of Israel were come out of Zion! when the LORD brings back the captivity of his people, Jacob shall rejoice, and Israel shall be glad.">Psalm 14:7</a>.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><A name="15"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/jeremiah/29-15.htm">Jeremiah 29:15</a></div><div class="verse">Because ye have said, The LORD hath raised us up prophets in Babylon;</div><span class="bld">15</span>. This <span class="ital">v</span>. naturally links with <span class="ital"><a href="/jeremiah/29-21.htm" title="Thus said the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, of Ahab the son of Kolaiah, and of Zedekiah the son of Maaseiah, which prophesy a lie to you in my name; Behold, I will deliver them into the hand of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon; and he shall slay them before your eyes;">Jeremiah 29:21</a></span> ff., while the intervening <span class="ital">vv</span>. make an apparent severance in the logical connexion, and are absent from LXX, except in a certain recension (Lucianic), where, however, they <span class="ital">precede <a href="/jeremiah/29-15.htm" title="Because you have said, The LORD has raised us up prophets in Babylon;">Jeremiah 29:15</a></span>. With this transposition, as at least modifying the objection arising from the break of logical connexion, Gi. agrees, maintaining, as he does, their genuineness. Co. (and so Du.) refuses to consider the <span class="ital">vv</span>. as belonging to the original letter, making <span class="ital"><a href="/context/jeremiah/29-16.htm" title="Know that thus said the LORD of the king that sits on the throne of David, and of all the people that dwells in this city, and of your brothers that are not gone forth with you into captivity;...">Jeremiah 29:16-18</a></span> to be in substance a reproduction of <a href="/jeremiah/24-8.htm" title="And as the evil figs, which cannot be eaten, they are so evil; surely thus said the LORD, So will I give Zedekiah the king of Judah, and his princes, and the residue of Jerusalem, that remain in this land, and them that dwell in the land of Egypt:">Jeremiah 24:8</a> f., <span class="ital"><a href="/jeremiah/29-19.htm" title="Because they have not listened to my words, said the LORD, which I sent to them by my servants the prophets, rising up early and sending them; but you would not hear, said the LORD.">Jeremiah 29:19</a></span> to have its origin in <a href="/jeremiah/24-4.htm" title="Again the word of the LORD came to me, saying,">Jeremiah 24:4</a> ff. and parallel passages, and <span class="ital"><a href="/jeremiah/29-20.htm" title="Hear you therefore the word of the LORD, all you of the captivity, whom I have sent from Jerusalem to Babylon:">Jeremiah 29:20</a></span> to be taking up the line of thought anew from <span class="ital"><a href="/jeremiah/29-16.htm" title="Know that thus said the LORD of the king that sits on the throne of David, and of all the people that dwells in this city, and of your brothers that are not gone forth with you into captivity;">Jeremiah 29:16</a></span>. Dr. suggests that, as the passage seems out of place in a letter to the Jews in Babylonia, dealing as it does with the fate of the Jerusalem Jews, it belongs only to the recension of that letter which subsequently was incorporated in this Book. If we are to abide by the MT. in the matter, the sense appears to be this: One of the difficulties raised by the exiles when the prospect of seventy years’ captivity was held out to them would be, We have prophets here at Babylon who tell us just the reverse of all this. Which shall we believe? To this the reply of Jeremiah is twofold. (i) These prophets’ teaching shall soon be disproved. The king and the remnants of the kingdom, upon whose continued existence at Jerusalem they lay such stress, will soon pass away. Ye shall not soon be restored to your brethren, but they shall be exiles and scattered like to you. (ii) The false prophets, who thus delude you, shall themselves miserably perish and become a proverb and by-word.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="ital">For</span>] rather, <span class="ital">Because</span>, connecting this <span class="ital">v</span>. directly with <span class="ital"><a href="/jeremiah/29-21.htm" title="Thus said the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, of Ahab the son of Kolaiah, and of Zedekiah the son of Maaseiah, which prophesy a lie to you in my name; Behold, I will deliver them into the hand of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon; and he shall slay them before your eyes;">Jeremiah 29:21</a></span>. “Because ye congratulate yourselves on having prophets in your exile, I tell you how soon ye shall discover that they are valueless.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="bld">15–19</span>. The impending fate of Zedekiah and his people. Cp. <a href="/context/jeremiah/24-8.htm" title="And as the evil figs, which cannot be eaten, they are so evil; surely thus said the LORD, So will I give Zedekiah the king of Judah, and his princes, and the residue of Jerusalem, that remain in this land, and them that dwell in the land of Egypt:...">Jeremiah 24:8-10</a>.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><A name="16"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/jeremiah/29-16.htm">Jeremiah 29:16</a></div><div class="verse"><i>Know</i> that thus saith the LORD of the king that sitteth upon the throne of David, and of all the people that dwelleth in this city, <i>and</i> of your brethren that are not gone forth with you into captivity;</div><span class="bld">16</span>. <span class="ital">the king</span>] Zedekiah. See <a href="/jeremiah/28-1.htm" title="And it came to pass the same year, in the beginning of the reign of Zedekiah king of Judah, in the fourth year, and in the fifth month, that Hananiah the son of Azur the prophet, which was of Gibeon, spoke to me in the house of the LORD, in the presence of the priests and of all the people, saying,">Jeremiah 28:1</a>. See note on <span class="ital"><a href="/jeremiah/29-24.htm" title="Thus shall you also speak to Shemaiah the Nehelamite, saying,">Jeremiah 29:24</a></span>.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><A name="17"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/jeremiah/29-17.htm">Jeremiah 29:17</a></div><div class="verse">Thus saith the LORD of hosts; Behold, I will send upon them the sword, the famine, and the pestilence, and will make them like vile figs, that cannot be eaten, they are so evil.</div><span class="bld">17</span>. <span class="ital">vile figs</span>] Cp. <a href="/context/jeremiah/24-2.htm" title="One basket had very good figs, even like the figs that are first ripe: and the other basket had very naughty figs, which could not be eaten, they were so bad....">Jeremiah 24:2-8</a>.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><A name="18"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/jeremiah/29-18.htm">Jeremiah 29:18</a></div><div class="verse">And I will persecute them with the sword, with the famine, and with the pestilence, and will deliver them to be removed to all the kingdoms of the earth, to be a curse, and an astonishment, and an hissing, and a reproach, among all the nations whither I have driven them:</div><span class="bld">18</span>. For the general sense and language of the <span class="ital">v</span>. cp. <a href="/jeremiah/19-8.htm" title="And I will make this city desolate, and an hissing; every one that passes thereby shall be astonished and hiss because of all the plagues thereof.">Jeremiah 19:8</a>, <a href="/jeremiah/24-9.htm" title="And I will deliver them to be removed into all the kingdoms of the earth for their hurt, to be a reproach and a proverb, a taunt and a curse, in all places where I shall drive them.">Jeremiah 24:9</a>, <a href="/jeremiah/25-18.htm" title="To wit, Jerusalem, and the cities of Judah, and the kings thereof, and the princes thereof, to make them a desolation, an astonishment, an hissing, and a curse; as it is this day;">Jeremiah 25:18</a>, <a href="/jeremiah/42-18.htm" title="For thus said the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; As my anger and my fury has been poured forth on the inhabitants of Jerusalem; so shall my fury be poured forth on you, when you shall enter into Egypt: and you shall be an execration, and an astonishment, and a curse, and a reproach; and you shall see this place no more.">Jeremiah 42:18</a>.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="ital">tossed to and fro</span>] mg. <span class="ital">a terror unto</span>. See on <a href="/jeremiah/15-4.htm" title="And I will cause them to be removed into all kingdoms of the earth, because of Manasseh the son of Hezekiah king of Judah, for that which he did in Jerusalem.">Jeremiah 15:4</a>, where the Heb. verb is the same.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><A name="19"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/jeremiah/29-19.htm">Jeremiah 29:19</a></div><div class="verse">Because they have not hearkened to my words, saith the LORD, which I sent unto them by my servants the prophets, rising up early and sending <i>them</i>; but ye would not hear, saith the LORD.</div><A name="20"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/jeremiah/29-20.htm">Jeremiah 29:20</a></div><div class="verse">Hear ye therefore the word of the LORD, all ye of the captivity, whom I have sent from Jerusalem to Babylon:</div><span class="bld">20</span>. This <span class="ital">v</span>. is an insertion, to connect the preceding interpolation with what follows.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="bld">20–23</span>. The prophets in Babylonia, of whom the exiles speak in <span class="ital"><a href="/jeremiah/29-15.htm" title="Because you have said, The LORD has raised us up prophets in Babylon;">Jeremiah 29:15</a></span>, shall perish by a cruel death.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><A name="21"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/jeremiah/29-21.htm">Jeremiah 29:21</a></div><div class="verse">Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, of Ahab the son of Kolaiah, and of Zedekiah the son of Maaseiah, which prophesy a lie unto you in my name; Behold, I will deliver them into the hand of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon; and he shall slay them before your eyes;</div><span class="bld">21</span>. Of these two prophets nothing further is known. The LXX omit the fathers’ names, and the words “which prophesy … name.” Co. denies, while Du. and Gi. admit, the historical accuracy of the story, Du. pointing out that, had the prediction not been fulfilled, the passage would not have appeared in the Book.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="ital">Kolaiah, curse</span> (kĕlâlâh) and <span class="ital">roasted</span> (kâlâh) are three such similar words that a play on them as used in these verses seems intended. The son of <span class="ital">Kolaiah</span> was to be called Kĕlâlâh (a curse) because the king of Babylon kâlâh (roasted) him in the fire. It may have been for sedition or for an attack on Babylonian worship that the two met their end.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><A name="22"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/jeremiah/29-22.htm">Jeremiah 29:22</a></div><div class="verse">And of them shall be taken up a curse by all the captivity of Judah which <i>are</i> in Babylon, saying, The LORD make thee like Zedekiah and like Ahab, whom the king of Babylon roasted in the fire;</div><A name="23"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/jeremiah/29-23.htm">Jeremiah 29:23</a></div><div class="verse">Because they have committed villany in Israel, and have committed adultery with their neighbours' wives, and have spoken lying words in my name, which I have not commanded them; even I know, and <i>am</i> a witness, saith the LORD.</div><span class="bld">23</span>. <span class="ital">folly</span>] The Hebrew denotes more than this, viz. “a state of mind or an action, marked by utter disregard of moral or spiritual feeling.” Dr. who illustrates the kind of immorality here referred to in the word by its use in <a href="/genesis/34-7.htm" title="And the sons of Jacob came out of the field when they heard it: and the men were grieved, and they were very wroth, because he had worked folly in Israel in lying with Jacob's daughter: which thing ought not to be done.">Genesis 34:7</a>; <a href="/2_samuel/13-12.htm" title="And she answered him, No, my brother, do not force me; for no such thing ought to be done in Israel: do not you this folly.">2 Samuel 13:12</a>. See further in his <span class="ital">Parallel Psalter,</span> p. 457. The punishment inflicted, while really the penalty for transgressions against Jehovah, was doubtless ostensibly for breaches of the religious or civil law of Babylon.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="ital">falsely</span>] not in LXX, and probably introduced from <span class="ital"><a href="/jeremiah/29-21.htm" title="Thus said the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, of Ahab the son of Kolaiah, and of Zedekiah the son of Maaseiah, which prophesy a lie to you in my name; Behold, I will deliver them into the hand of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon; and he shall slay them before your eyes;">Jeremiah 29:21</a></span>.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="ital">he that knoweth, and am witness</span>] The Hebrew as it stands is awkward. Probably “he that knoweth” (absent from LXX) is a gloss.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><A name="24"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/jeremiah/29-24.htm">Jeremiah 29:24</a></div><div class="verse"><i>Thus</i> shalt thou also speak to Shemaiah the Nehelamite, saying,</div><span class="bld">24</span>. <span class="ital">concerning</span>] mg. <span class="ital">unto</span>. Cp. <span class="ital"><a href="/jeremiah/29-31.htm" title="Send to all them of the captivity, saying, Thus said the LORD concerning Shemaiah the Nehelamite; Because that Shemaiah has prophesied to you, and I sent him not, and he caused you to trust in a lie:">Jeremiah 29:31</a></span>.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="ital">the Nehelamite</span>] The place or family referred to is not otherwise known.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="bld">24–32</span>. Shemaiah the Nehelamite rebuked and threatened.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span>On the arrival at Babylon of Jeremiah’s letter, which ends with <span class="ital"><a href="/jeremiah/29-23.htm" title="Because they have committed villainy in Israel, and have committed adultery with their neighbors' wives, and have spoken lying words in my name, which I have not commanded them; even I know, and am a witness, said the LORD.">Jeremiah 29:23</a></span>, there is much indignation on the part of the false prophets, and one of them, Shemaiah by name, writes to Zephaniah the acting high-priest, urging upon him that he should take severe measures to silence Jeremiah as a madman. This suggestion, however, Zephaniah is so far from following that he shews the letter to the prophet, who writes again to Babylon, this time for the purpose of condemning Shemaiah’s conduct in the severest terms, and announcing its penalty.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span>The narrative forms an interesting supplement to the earlier part of the ch. Its form, it is true, leaves much to be desired, and Du. in fact describes it as exhibiting utter confusion, resulting from successive modifications. It is clearly one of the additions made by Baruch or by later hands. The charge brought by Jeremiah is introduced by the “Because” of <span class="ital"><a href="/jeremiah/29-25.htm" title="Thus speaks the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, saying, Because you have sent letters in your name to all the people that are at Jerusalem, and to Zephaniah the son of Maaseiah the priest, and to all the priests, saying,">Jeremiah 29:25</a></span>, and continuing to the end of <span class="ital"><a href="/jeremiah/29-28.htm" title="For therefore he sent to us in Babylon, saying, This captivity is long: build you houses, and dwell in them; and plant gardens, and eat the fruit of them.">Jeremiah 29:28</a></span>, remains incomplete. It is thus of the nature of the figure of speech called anacoluthon, and is taken up again by the “Because” of <span class="ital"><a href="/jeremiah/29-31.htm" title="Send to all them of the captivity, saying, Thus said the LORD concerning Shemaiah the Nehelamite; Because that Shemaiah has prophesied to you, and I sent him not, and he caused you to trust in a lie:">Jeremiah 29:31</a></span>, a sentence which is carried by the “therefore, etc.” of <span class="ital"><a href="/jeremiah/29-32.htm" title="Therefore thus said the LORD; Behold, I will punish Shemaiah the Nehelamite, and his seed: he shall not have a man to dwell among this people; neither shall he behold the good that I will do for my people, said the LORD; because he has taught rebellion against the LORD.">Jeremiah 29:32</a></span> to its logical conclusion. The LXX fail, either from the defective condition of the Hebrew text or otherwise, to see that <span class="ital"><a href="/context/jeremiah/29-26.htm" title="The LORD has made you priest in the stead of Jehoiada the priest, that you should be officers in the house of the LORD, for every man that is mad, and makes himself a prophet, that you should put him in prison, and in the stocks....">Jeremiah 29:26-28</a></span> consist of Shemaiah’s letter from Babylon. Thus for “saying … to Jerusalem” (<span class="ital"><a href="/jeremiah/29-25.htm" title="Thus speaks the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, saying, Because you have sent letters in your name to all the people that are at Jerusalem, and to Zephaniah the son of Maaseiah the priest, and to all the priests, saying,">Jeremiah 29:25</a></span>) they substitute (suggested apparently by <span class="ital"><a href="/jeremiah/29-31.htm" title="Send to all them of the captivity, saying, Thus said the LORD concerning Shemaiah the Nehelamite; Because that Shemaiah has prophesied to you, and I sent him not, and he caused you to trust in a lie:">Jeremiah 29:31</a></span>) “I did not send thee in my name,” as though it were a Divine utterance addressed to Shemaiah. Moreover, they are obliged in <span class="ital"><a href="/jeremiah/29-27.htm" title="Now therefore why have you not reproved Jeremiah of Anathoth, which makes himself a prophet to you?">Jeremiah 29:27</a></span> both to omit the negative and to make Jeremiah speak of himself in the 3rd person. Lastly, there is in their rendering no clue to the contents of “the letter” of <span class="ital"><a href="/jeremiah/29-29.htm" title="And Zephaniah the priest read this letter in the ears of Jeremiah the prophet.">Jeremiah 29:29</a></span>.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><A name="25"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/jeremiah/29-25.htm">Jeremiah 29:25</a></div><div class="verse">Thus speaketh the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, saying, Because thou hast sent letters in thy name unto all the people that <i>are</i> at Jerusalem, and to Zephaniah the son of Maaseiah the priest, and to all the priests, saying,</div><span class="bld">25</span>. <span class="ital">in thine own name</span>] not, as Jeremiah spoke, in the name of the Lord.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="ital">unto all the people that are at Jerusalem</span>] LXX rightly omit.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="ital">Zephaniah</span>] See on <a href="/jeremiah/21-1.htm" title="The word which came to Jeremiah from the LORD, when king Zedekiah sent to him Pashur the son of Melchiah, and Zephaniah the son of Maaseiah the priest, saying,">Jeremiah 21:1</a> (which however belongs to a somewhat later time than this). In ch. <a href="/jeremiah/52-24.htm" title="And the captain of the guard took Seraiah the chief priest, and Zephaniah the second priest, and the three keepers of the door:">Jeremiah 52:24</a> = <a href="/2_kings/25-18.htm" title="And the captain of the guard took Seraiah the chief priest, and Zephaniah the second priest, and the three keepers of the door:">2 Kings 25:18</a> he is called “second priest,” i.e. next in rank to the high-priest.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="ital">and to all the priests</span>] LXX rightly omit.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><A name="26"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/jeremiah/29-26.htm">Jeremiah 29:26</a></div><div class="verse">The LORD hath made thee priest in the stead of Jehoiada the priest, that ye should be officers in the house of the LORD, for every man <i>that is</i> mad, and maketh himself a prophet, that thou shouldest put him in prison, and in the stocks.</div><span class="bld">26</span>. This and the two following verses give us the words of Shemaiah’s letter to Zephaniah, as quoted in Jeremiah’s reply.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="ital">thee</span>] Zephaniah.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="ital">in the stead of Jehoiada</span>] See on <a href="/jeremiah/20-1.htm" title="Now Pashur the son of Immer the priest, who was also chief governor in the house of the LORD, heard that Jeremiah prophesied these things.">Jeremiah 20:1</a>. The title “officers” here is the same in the original as the one given there to Pashhur. It is possible that the reference may be to the high-priest in the days of Joash (<a href="/2_kings/9-4.htm" title="So the young man, even the young man the prophet, went to Ramothgilead.">2 Kings 9:4</a> ff.), who “appointed officers over the house of the Lord” (<span class="ital"><a href="/jeremiah/29-18.htm" title="And I will persecute them with the sword, with the famine, and with the pestilence, and will deliver them to be removed to all the kingdoms of the earth, to be a curse, and an astonishment, and an hissing, and a reproach, among all the nations where I have driven them:">Jeremiah 29:18</a></span>). It is best here, however, with LXX, Targ. and other authorities to read “to be an officer.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="ital">that is mad</span>] Madness was looked on in the East as a sort of gift of prophecy perverted. Cp. “mad” (same Heb.) in <a href="/2_kings/9-11.htm" title="Then Jehu came forth to the servants of his lord: and one said to him, Is all well? why came this mad fellow to you? And he said to them, You know the man, and his communication.">2 Kings 9:11</a>; <a href="/hosea/9-7.htm" title="The days of visitation are come, the days of recompense are come; Israel shall know it: the prophet is a fool, the spiritual man is mad, for the multitude of your iniquity, and the great hatred.">Hosea 9:7</a>.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="ital">the stocks</span>] See on ch. <a href="/jeremiah/20-2.htm" title="Then Pashur smote Jeremiah the prophet, and put him in the stocks that were in the high gate of Benjamin, which was by the house of the LORD.">Jeremiah 20:2</a>.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="ital">shackles</span>] mg. rightly, <span class="ital">the collar</span>. The word is found here only in the Heb., but a cognate Arabic word indicates that it is an iron band fastened round the neck.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><A name="27"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/jeremiah/29-27.htm">Jeremiah 29:27</a></div><div class="verse">Now therefore why hast thou not reproved Jeremiah of Anathoth, which maketh himself a prophet to you?</div><span class="bld">27</span>. <span class="ital">maketh himself a prophet</span>] plays the part of a prophet, acts excitedly, like the dervishes of the present day. Cp. <a href="/1_samuel/10-10.htm" title="And when they came thither to the hill, behold, a company of prophets met him; and the Spirit of God came on him, and he prophesied among them.">1 Samuel 10:10</a>; <a href="/1_samuel/10-12.htm" title="And one of the same place answered and said, But who is their father? Therefore it became a proverb, Is Saul also among the prophets?">1 Samuel 10:12</a> f., <a href="/1_samuel/18-10.htm" title="And it came to pass on the morrow, that the evil spirit from God came on Saul, and he prophesied in the middle of the house: and David played with his hand, as at other times: and there was a javelin in Saul's hand.">1 Samuel 18:10</a>, <a href="/1_samuel/19-20.htm" title="And Saul sent messengers to take David: and when they saw the company of the prophets prophesying, and Samuel standing as appointed over them, the Spirit of God was on the messengers of Saul, and they also prophesied.">1 Samuel 19:20</a> ff.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><A name="28"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/jeremiah/29-28.htm">Jeremiah 29:28</a></div><div class="verse">For therefore he sent unto us <i>in</i> Babylon, saying, This <i>captivity is</i> long: build ye houses, and dwell <i>in them</i>; and plant gardens, and eat the fruit of them.</div><A name="29"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/jeremiah/29-29.htm">Jeremiah 29:29</a></div><div class="verse">And Zephaniah the priest read this letter in the ears of Jeremiah the prophet.</div><span class="bld">29</span>. <span class="ital">read this letter, etc</span>.] shewing thereby that he was in sympathy with the prophet.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><A name="30"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/jeremiah/29-30.htm">Jeremiah 29:30</a></div><div class="verse">Then came the word of the LORD unto Jeremiah, saying,</div><A name="31"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/jeremiah/29-31.htm">Jeremiah 29:31</a></div><div class="verse">Send to all them of the captivity, saying, Thus saith the LORD concerning Shemaiah the Nehelamite; Because that Shemaiah hath prophesied unto you, and I sent him not, and he caused you to trust in a lie:</div><span class="bld">31</span>. <span class="ital">hath prophesied</span>] the first explicit statement that Shemaiah was a prophet.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><A name="32"></a> <div class="versenum"><a href="/jeremiah/29-32.htm">Jeremiah 29:32</a></div><div class="verse">Therefore thus saith the LORD; Behold, I will punish Shemaiah the Nehelamite, and his seed: he shall not have a man to dwell among this people; neither shall he behold the good that I will do for my people, saith the LORD; because he hath taught rebellion against the LORD.</div><span class="bld">32</span>. <span class="ital">therefore thus saith the Lord</span>] For the construction see note on <span class="ital"><a href="/context/jeremiah/29-24.htm" title="Thus shall you also speak to Shemaiah the Nehelamite, saying,...">Jeremiah 29:24-32</a></span>.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="ital">he shall not … the good</span>] But Shemaiah could no more than Jeremiah himself hope to see the far distant day of return. Thus the LXX reading is to be preferred, “there shall not be a man of them” (i.e. of his descendants) “in the midst of you to see the good.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="ital">because he … Lord</span>] absent from LXX as in <a href="/jeremiah/28-16.htm" title="Therefore thus said the LORD; Behold, I will cast you from off the face of the earth: this year you shall die, because you have taught rebellion against the LORD.">Jeremiah 28:16</a> (see note there). Here they have instead the words “They shall not see,” originally no doubt a marg gloss on the “behold” earlier in the <span class="ital">v</span>.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><div id="botbox"><div class="padbot"><div align="center">The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges<br /><br />Text Courtesy of <a href="//biblesupport.com" target="_top">BibleSupport.com</a>. 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