CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="ro" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Geber - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )rowikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","ianuarie","februarie","martie","aprilie","mai","iunie","iulie","august","septembrie","octombrie","noiembrie","decembrie"],"wgRequestId":"7b1954f6-df54-4711-ac43-e6563eac75c2","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Geber","wgTitle":"Geber","wgCurRevisionId":16243944,"wgRevisionId":16243944,"wgArticleId":315226,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pagini cu citări fără titluri","Pagini cu citări de simple URL-uri","Erori CS1: parameter link","Pagini ce folosesc legături automate către ISBN","Webarchive template wayback links","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori BIBSYS","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori BNE","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori BNF","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori CINII","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori GND","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori ISNI","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori LCCN","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NKC","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NLA","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori SBN","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori SELIBR","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori SUDOC","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori VIAF","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori WorldCat-VIAF","Articole Wikipedia cu control de autoritate","Alchimie","Medicina tradițională iraniană","Medici arabi","Filozofi arabi","Chimiști arabi","Astronomi arabi","Descoperitori de elemente chimice","Epoca de aur a islamului","Chimiști ai secolului al VIII-lea","Chimiști ai secolului al IX-lea","Arabi din secolul al VIII-lea","Arabi din secolul al IX-lea"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"ro","wgPageContentLanguage":"ro","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Geber","wgRelevantArticleId":315226,"wgTempUserName":null,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"ro","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"ro"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":5000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q167852","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ro&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=ro&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ro&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.22"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Al-Jaahith_-_African_Arab_Naturalist_-_Basra_-_al_jahiz.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1475"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Al-Jaahith_-_African_Arab_Naturalist_-_Basra_-_al_jahiz.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="983"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Al-Jaahith_-_African_Arab_Naturalist_-_Basra_-_al_jahiz.jpg/640px-Al-Jaahith_-_African_Arab_Naturalist_-_Basra_-_al_jahiz.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="787"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Geber - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//ro.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geber"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Modificare" href="/w/index.php?title=Geber&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (ro)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//ro.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geber"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ro"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Abonare Atom" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Schimb%C4%83ri_recente&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Geber rootpage-Geber skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Sari la conținut</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Meniul principal" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Meniul principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Meniul principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Meniul principal</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pagina_principal%C4%83" title="Vedeți pagina principală [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Pagina principală</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Schimb%C4%83ri_recente" title="Lista ultimelor schimbări realizate în acest wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Schimbări recente</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cafenea" title="Informații despre evenimentele curente"><span>Cafenea</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Aleatoriu" title="Afișează o pagină aleatoare [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Articol aleatoriu</span></a></li><li id="n-Facebook" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/WikipediaRomana" rel="nofollow"><span>Facebook</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Pagini_speciale"><span>Pagini speciale</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Participare" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Participare" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Participare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Cum-încep-pe-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Bun_venit"><span>Cum încep pe Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Cuprins" title="Locul în care găsiți ajutor"><span>Ajutor</span></a></li><li id="n-Portals" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:R%C4%83sfoire"><span>Portaluri tematice</span></a></li><li id="n-Articole-cerute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articole_cerute"><span>Articole cerute</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Pagina_principal%C4%83" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="enciclopedia liberă" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ro.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:C%C4%83utare" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Căutare în Wikipedia [c]" accesskey="c"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Căutare</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Căutare în Wikipedia" aria-label="Căutare în Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Căutare în Wikipedia [c]" accesskey="c" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Căutare"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Căutare</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Unelte personale"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aspect" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspect</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ro.wikipedia.org&uselang=ro" class=""><span>Donații</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%C3%8Enregistrare&returnto=Geber" title="Vă încurajăm să vă creați un cont și să vă autentificați; totuși, nu este obligatoriu" class=""><span>Creare cont</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Autentificare&returnto=Geber" title="Sunteți încurajat să vă autentificați, deși acest lucru nu este obligatoriu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Autentificare</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte personale" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte personale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Meniul de utilizator" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ro.wikipedia.org&uselang=ro"><span>Donații</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%C3%8Enregistrare&returnto=Geber" title="Vă încurajăm să vă creați un cont și să vă autentificați; totuși, nu este obligatoriu"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Creare cont</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Autentificare&returnto=Geber" title="Sunteți încurajat să vă autentificați, deși acest lucru nu este obligatoriu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Autentificare</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Cuprins" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contribuții" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contribuții"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Contribuții</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Contribuții-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Contribuții subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Contribuții-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chimie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chimie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Chimie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chimie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alchimie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alchimie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Alchimie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alchimie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scrieri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scrieri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Scrieri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scrieri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vezi_și" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vezi_și"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Vezi și</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vezi_și-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Geber</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 88 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-88" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">88 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djabir_ibn_Hajjan" title="Djabir ibn Hajjan – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Djabir ibn Hajjan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جابر بن حيان – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جابر بن حيان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جابر بن حيان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جابر بن حيان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabir_ibn_H%C9%99yyan" title="Cabir ibn Həyyan – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Cabir ibn Həyyan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جابر بن حیان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جابر بن حیان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D3%99%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D3%99%D0%B9%D3%99%D0%BD" title="Жәбир ибн Хәйән – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Жәбир ибн Хәйән" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%80_%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Джабір ібн Хаян – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джабір ібн Хаян" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="জাবির ইবনে হায়য়ান – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জাবির ইবনে হায়য়ান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEabir_ibn_Hajjan" title="Džabir ibn Hajjan – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Džabir ibn Hajjan" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A0bir_ibn_Hayyan" title="Jàbir ibn Hayyan – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jàbir ibn Hayyan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%95%DB%8C_%D8%AD%DB%95%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جابیر کوڕی حەییان – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جابیر کوڕی حەییان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geber" title="Geber – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Geber" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geber" title="Geber – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Geber" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dsch%C4%81bir_ibn_Hayy%C4%81n" title="Dschābir ibn Hayyān – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dschābir ibn Hayyān" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AF%CF%81_%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%BD_%CE%A7%CE%B1%CF%8B%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Τζαμπίρ ιμπίν Χαϋάν – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζαμπίρ ιμπίν Χαϋάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabir_ibn_Hayyan" title="Jabir ibn Hayyan – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Jabir ibn Hayyan" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9Cabir_ibn_Hajjan" title="Ĝabir ibn Hajjan – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĝabir ibn Hajjan" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%B6abir_ibn_Hayyan" title="Ŷabir ibn Hayyan – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ŷabir ibn Hayyan" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabir_ibn_Hayyan" title="Jabir ibn Hayyan – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jabir ibn Hayyan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جابر بن حیان – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جابر بن حیان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geber" title="Geber – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Geber" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabir_ibn_Hayyan" title="Jabir ibn Hayyan – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jabir ibn Hayyan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Musa_Jabir_ibn_Hayyan" title="Abu Musa Jabir ibn Hayyan – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Abu Musa Jabir ibn Hayyan" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%80%9F%E5%BD%AA" title="借彪 – chineză gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="借彪" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="chineză gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabir_Ibn_Hayyan" title="Jabir Ibn Hayyan – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Jabir Ibn Hayyan" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabir_ibn_Hayyan" title="Jabir ibn Hayyan – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Jabir ibn Hayyan" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabir_bin_Hayyan" title="Jabir bin Hayyan – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Jabir bin Hayyan" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9F" title="ג'אבר בן חיאן – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'אבר בן חיאן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8" title="जाविर-इबन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जाविर-इबन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geber" title="Geber – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Geber" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzs%C3%A1bir_ibn_Hajj%C3%A1n" title="Dzsábir ibn Hajján – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dzsábir ibn Hajján" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%AB%D6%80_%D5%AB%D5%A2%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Ջաբիր իբն Հայյան – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջաբիր իբն Հայյան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BA%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A7%D6%80_%D4%BB%D5%BA%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Ժապէր Իպն Հայյան – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ժապէր Իպն Հայյան" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabir_bin_Hayyan" title="Jabir bin Hayyan – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jabir bin Hayyan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabir_ibn_Hayyan" title="Jabir ibn Hayyan – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jabir ibn Hayyan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%93%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%96%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8F%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A4%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3" title="ジャービル・ブン・ハイヤーン – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジャービル・ブン・ハイヤーン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geber" title="Geber – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Geber" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%81bir_ibn_Hayy%C4%81n" title="Jābir ibn Hayyān – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Jābir ibn Hayyān" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჯაბირ იბნ ჰაიანი – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯაბირ იბნ ჰაიანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaber_ben_%E1%B8%A4ayyan" title="Jaber ben Ḥayyan – kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Jaber ben Ḥayyan" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Жабир ибн Хайян – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жабир ибн Хайян" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EB%B9%84%EB%A5%B4_%EC%9D%B4%EB%B8%90_%ED%95%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%80" title="자비르 이븐 하이얀 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="자비르 이븐 하이얀" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%90%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%8E%DB%8C%D9%91%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جابِر ابن حَیّان – cașmiră" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="جابِر ابن حَیّان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="cașmiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabir_bin_Heyan" title="Cabir bin Heyan – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Cabir bin Heyan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geber" title="Geber – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Geber" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabir_ibn_Hayyan" title="Jabir ibn Hayyan – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Jabir ibn Hayyan" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geberis" title="Geberis – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Geberis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BE%C4%81birs_ibn_Haij%C4%81ns" title="Džābirs ibn Haijāns – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Džābirs ibn Haijāns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabir_Ibn_Hayyan" title="Jabir Ibn Hayyan – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Jabir Ibn Hayyan" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Musa_Jabir_bin_Hayyan" title="Abu Musa Jabir bin Hayyan – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Abu Musa Jabir bin Hayyan" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="ജാബിർ ബിൻ ഹയ്യാൻ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജാബിർ ബിൻ ഹയ്യാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Musa_Jabir_bin_Hayyan" title="Abu Musa Jabir bin Hayyan – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Abu Musa Jabir bin Hayyan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B7%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AE%E1%80%98%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ဂျဲ့ဘား အီဘင်း ဟိုင်းယန် – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျဲ့ဘား အီဘင်း ဟိုင်းယန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabir_ibn_Hayyan" title="Jabir ibn Hayyan – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jabir ibn Hayyan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geber" title="Geber – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Geber" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabir_Ibn_Hayyan" title="Jabir Ibn Hayyan – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Jabir Ibn Hayyan" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BCabir_Ibn_Hajjan" title="Dżabir Ibn Hajjan – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dżabir Ibn Hajjan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جابر بن حیان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جابر بن حیان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جابر بن حیان – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جابر بن حیان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabir_ibne_Haiane" title="Jabir ibne Haiane – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jabir ibne Haiane" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Джабир ибн Хайян – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джабир ибн Хайян" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabir_ibn_Hayyan" title="Jabir ibn Hayyan – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Jabir ibn Hayyan" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جابر بن حيان – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جابر بن حيان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEabir_ibn_Hajan" title="Džabir ibn Hajan – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Džabir ibn Hajan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geber" title="Geber – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Geber" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab%C3%BA_M%C3%BAs%C3%A1_D%C5%BE%C3%A1bir_ibn_Hajj%C3%A1n" title="Abú Músá Džábir ibn Hajján – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Abú Músá Džábir ibn Hajján" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جابر بن حیان – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="جابر بن حیان" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geber" title="Geber – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Geber" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhabir_ib%C3%ABn_Hajan" title="Xhabir ibën Hajan – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Xhabir ibën Hajan" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEabir_ibn_Hajan" title="Džabir ibn Hajan – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Džabir ibn Hajan" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabir_bin_Hayyan" title="Jabir bin Hayyan – sundaneză" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Jabir bin Hayyan" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geber" title="Geber – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Geber" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="சாபர் இபின் அய்யான் – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சாபர் இபின் அய்யான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D2%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%91%D0%BD" title="Ҷобир ибни Ҳайён – tadjică" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷобир ибни Ҳайён" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3" title="ญาบิร – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ญาบิร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A2bir_bin_Hayy%C3%A2n" title="Câbir bin Hayyân – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Câbir bin Hayyân" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%96%D3%99%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D3%99%D0%B9%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Җәбир ибн Хәйян – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Җәбир ибн Хәйян" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%A8%DB%87_%D9%85%DB%87%D8%B3%D8%A7_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%89%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%89%D9%86_%DA%BE%DB%95%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ئەبۇ مۇسا جابىر بىن ھەييام – uigură" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئەبۇ مۇسا جابىر بىن ھەييام" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigură" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%80_%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Джабір ібн Хаян – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джабір ібн Хаян" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جابر بن حیان – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جابر بن حیان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jobir_ibn_Xayyom" title="Jobir ibn Xayyom – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Jobir ibn Xayyom" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabir_ibn_Hayyan" title="Jabir ibn Hayyan – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Jabir ibn Hayyan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%81bir_ibn_Hayy%C4%81n" title="Jābir ibn Hayyān – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Jābir ibn Hayyān" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B4%BE%E6%AF%94%E5%B0%94" title="贾比尔 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="贾比尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჯაბირ იბნ ჰაიანი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჯაბირ იბნ ჰაიანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geber" title="Geber – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Geber" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B4%BE%E6%AF%94%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E6%89%AC" title="贾比尔·伊本·哈扬 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="贾比尔·伊本·哈扬" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B3%88%E6%AF%94%E7%88%BE" title="賈比爾 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="賈比爾" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q167852#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Geber" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie:Geber&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discuții despre această pagină — pagină inexistentă [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discuție</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">română</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vizualizări"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Geber"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geber&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geber&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geber&action=history" title="Versiunile anterioare ale paginii și autorii lor. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Unelte</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acțiuni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Geber"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geber&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geber&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geber&action=history"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Ce_se_leag%C4%83_aici/Geber" title="Lista tuturor paginilor wiki care conduc spre această pagină [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ce trimite aici</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Modific%C4%83ri_corelate/Geber" rel="nofollow" title="Schimbări recente în legătură cu această pagină [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Schimbări corelate</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Trimite_fișier" title="Încărcare fișiere [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Trimite fișier</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geber&oldid=16243944" title="Legătură permanentă către această versiune a acestei pagini"><span>Legătură permanentă</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geber&action=info" title="Mai multe informații despre această pagină"><span>Informații despre pagină</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citeaz%C4%83&page=Geber&id=16243944&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informații cu privire la modul de citare a acestei pagini"><span>Citează acest articol</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGeber"><span>Obține URL scurtat</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGeber"><span>Descărcați codul QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tipărire/exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Geber"><span>Creare carte</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Geber&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descărcare ca PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geber&printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiune de tipărit</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jabir_ibn_Hayyan" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q167852" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><table class="infocaseta"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="antet biografii" style="background-color:#F5F5DC;color:#000000;">Geber</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Al-Jaahith_-_African_Arab_Naturalist_-_Basra_-_al_jahiz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Al-Jaahith_-_African_Arab_Naturalist_-_Basra_-_al_jahiz.jpg/220px-Al-Jaahith_-_African_Arab_Naturalist_-_Basra_-_al_jahiz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Al-Jaahith_-_African_Arab_Naturalist_-_Basra_-_al_jahiz.jpg/330px-Al-Jaahith_-_African_Arab_Naturalist_-_Basra_-_al_jahiz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Al-Jaahith_-_African_Arab_Naturalist_-_Basra_-_al_jahiz.jpg/440px-Al-Jaahith_-_African_Arab_Naturalist_-_Basra_-_al_jahiz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="922" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#F5F5DC;color:#000000;">Date personale</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Născut</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/721" title="721">721 d.Hr.</a><sup id="cite_ref-b319145f2db202b5fb8639665b1eeefe_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b319145f2db202b5fb8639665b1eeefe-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167852#P569" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Tus" title="Tus">Tus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Provincia_Khorasan" title="Provincia Khorasan">Provincia Khorasan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167852#P19" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Decedat</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/815" title="815">815 d.Hr.</a> (94 de ani)<sup id="cite_ref-b319145f2db202b5fb8639665b1eeefe_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b319145f2db202b5fb8639665b1eeefe-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167852#P570" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Kufa" title="Kufa">Kufa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167852#P20" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Religie</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a><sup id="cite_ref-c4eb4bdce754762fc19c5c61574802e3_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c4eb4bdce754762fc19c5c61574802e3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /><br /><a href="/wiki/Islamul_%C8%99iit" title="Islamul șiit">șiism</a><sup id="cite_ref-3ab9adb530cb0918dc2812b7f556b28c_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3ab9adb530cb0918dc2812b7f556b28c-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /><sup id="cite_ref-ad9461c44ad2d10f7c406acfc2a4d75b_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ad9461c44ad2d10f7c406acfc2a4d75b-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /><sup id="cite_ref-8bfb005fcbfaa70921015cc79475c2dc_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8bfb005fcbfaa70921015cc79475c2dc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167852#P140" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Ocupație</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Astronom" title="Astronom">astronom</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Filozof" title="Filozof">filozof</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Matematician" title="Matematician">matematician</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Medic" title="Medic">medic</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15954519" class="extiw" title="d:Q15954519">alchimist</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alchimist_(person_practicing_alchemy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alchimist (person practicing alchemy) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Polihistor" title="Polihistor">polihistor</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Farmacist" title="Farmacist">farmacist</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167852#P106" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Limbi vorbite</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Limba_arab%C4%83" title="Limba arabă">limba arabă</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Limba_latin%C4%83" title="Limba latină">limba latină</a><sup id="cite_ref-7b57188bc0d7f319161273f241f2c260_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7b57188bc0d7f319161273f241f2c260-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167852#P1412" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#F5F5DC;color:#000000;">Activitate</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Profesor pentru</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Dh%C5%ABl-N%C5%ABn_al-Misr%C4%AB" title="Dhūl-Nūn al-Misrī">Dhūl-Nūn al-Misrī</a>  <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167852#P802" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px ##F5F5DC solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color:var(--color-base, #000); text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;">Modifică <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167852" class="extiw" title="d:Q167852">date</a> / <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geber&action=edit&section=0">text</a></span> <span title="Consultați documentația formatului"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Infocaseta_Biografie" title="Consultați documentația formatului"><img alt="Consultați documentația formatului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16861271">.mw-parser-output .infocaseta{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#000)}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Al-Jaahith_-_African_Arab_Naturalist_-_Basra_-_al_jahiz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Al-Jaahith_-_African_Arab_Naturalist_-_Basra_-_al_jahiz.jpg/200px-Al-Jaahith_-_African_Arab_Naturalist_-_Basra_-_al_jahiz.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Al-Jaahith_-_African_Arab_Naturalist_-_Basra_-_al_jahiz.jpg/300px-Al-Jaahith_-_African_Arab_Naturalist_-_Basra_-_al_jahiz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Al-Jaahith_-_African_Arab_Naturalist_-_Basra_-_al_jahiz.jpg/400px-Al-Jaahith_-_African_Arab_Naturalist_-_Basra_-_al_jahiz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="922" /></a><figcaption>Geber într-un manuscris alchimist din sec. al XV-lea</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Jabir ibn Hayyan</b>, latinizat <b>Geber</b> (c. <a href="/wiki/721" title="721">721</a>- c. <a href="/wiki/815" title="815">815</a>) a fost un celebru învățat de origine <a href="/wiki/Arabi" title="Arabi">arabă</a> (după unele surse<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) sau <a href="/wiki/Persan" class="mw-redirect" title="Persan">persană</a> (după alte surse<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), ce a adus o contribuție substanțială la dezvoltarea culturii <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islamice</a>. Printre multiplele sale preocupări, putem enumera: <a href="/wiki/Chimie" title="Chimie">chimie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alchimie" title="Alchimie">alchimie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomie" title="Astronomie">astronomie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astrologie" title="Astrologie">astrologie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filozofie" class="mw-redirect" title="Filozofie">filozofie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Farmacie" title="Farmacie">farmacie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medicin%C4%83" title="Medicină">medicină</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografie">Biografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geber&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Biografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geber&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Biografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>S-a născut la Tus<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>. Tatăl a fost farmacist, ceea ce a condus la orientarea de mai târziu a lui Geber către <a href="/wiki/Alchimie" title="Alchimie">alchimie</a>. </p><p>După mai multe peregrinări, datorate vicisitudinilor istorice, familia sa se mută la <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>. Acolo, Geber studiază <a href="/wiki/Coran" title="Coran">Coranul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matematic%C4%83" title="Matematică">matematica</a> și alte discipline ale vremii. La <a href="/wiki/Kufa" title="Kufa">Kufa</a> studiază <a href="/wiki/Medicin%C4%83" title="Medicină">medicina</a> și începe să o practice sub patronajul vizirului Barmakid (în timpul domniei celebrului calif <a href="/wiki/Harun_al-Ra%C8%99id" class="mw-redirect" title="Harun al-Rașid">Harun al-Rașid</a>. </p><p>Mai târziu, familia sa cade în dizgrație iar Geber își petrece ultimii ani ai vieții în închisoare. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contribuții"><span id="Contribu.C8.9Bii"></span>Contribuții</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geber&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Contribuții" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geber&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Contribuții"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chimie">Chimie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geber&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Chimie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geber&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Chimie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Descoperirile sale care au influențat chimia modernă sunt importante: </p> <ul><li>A subliniat necesitatea <a href="/wiki/Experiment" title="Experiment">experimentului</a>. Astfel, chimia (pe acele vremuri greu de distins de alchimie) era eliberată de superstiții și orientată spre o direcție științifică</li> <li>I se atribuie descoperirea unor procedee și procese chimice ca: <a href="/wiki/Distilare" title="Distilare">distilarea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cristalizare" title="Cristalizare">cristalizarea</a></li> <li>A descoprit mai multe substanțe chimice, printre care: <a href="/wiki/Acid_clorhidric" title="Acid clorhidric">acidul clorhidric</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acid_azotic" title="Acid azotic">acidul azotic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acid_citric" title="Acid citric">acidul citric</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aqua_regia" title="Aqua regia">apa regală</a> și multe altele</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alchimie">Alchimie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geber&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Alchimie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geber&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Alchimie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Geber a fost alchimist la curtea <a href="/wiki/Calif" class="mw-redirect" title="Calif">califului</a> Harun al-Rașid. </p><p>Influențat de religie, urmărea și latura mistică a alchimiei: Susținea că procesul alchimic este posibil numai cu voința lui <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a>. </p><p>Concepția sa alchimistă se menține pe linia trasată de legendarul <a href="/wiki/Hermes_Trismegistul" title="Hermes Trismegistul">Hermes Trismegistul</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Pitagora" title="Pitagora">Pitagora</a> și <a href="/wiki/Socrate" title="Socrate">Socrate</a>. În experimentele sale, încearcă (bineînțeles fără succes) să descopere <a href="/wiki/Piatra_filozofal%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Piatra filozofală">piatra filozofală</a>, acel <i>El Iksir</i>, care devine obiectiv principal al alchimiei de mai târziu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scrieri">Scrieri</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geber&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Scrieri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geber&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Scrieri"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Scrierile lui Geber pot fi grupate în patru categorii: </p> <ol><li><i>Cele 112 cărți</i> includ variante arabe ale <i>Tablei de smarald</i>, operă care a stat la baza <a href="/wiki/Ermetism" title="Ermetism">ermetismului</a> alchimic.</li> <li><i>Cele șapte cărți</i>, multe din ele au fost traduse în latină în perioada medievală</li> <li><i>Cele zece cărți ale rectificării</i>, ce conțin descrierea unor "alchimiști" precum: <a href="/wiki/Pitagora" title="Pitagora">Pitagora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Socrate" title="Socrate">Socrate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Platon" title="Platon">Platon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aristotel" title="Aristotel">Aristotel</a>.</li> <li><i>Cărțile echilibrului</i>, care conțin celebra "teorie a echilibrului în Natură".</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geber&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geber&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-b319145f2db202b5fb8639665b1eeefe-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-b319145f2db202b5fb8639665b1eeefe_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-b319145f2db202b5fb8639665b1eeefe_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au"><i>Jābir ibn Ḥayyān</i></a>, Trove<span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2023-03-31">31 martie 2023</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=J%C4%81bir+ibn+%E1%B8%A4ayy%C4%81n&rft.pub=Trove&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AGeber" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-c4eb4bdce754762fc19c5c61574802e3-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-c4eb4bdce754762fc19c5c61574802e3_2-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alfehrest.org/2006318.5/scholars/4">https://alfehrest.org/2006318.5/scholars/4</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falfehrest.org%2F2006318.5%2Fscholars%2F4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AGeber" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Lipsește sau este vid: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1#citation_missing_title" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3ab9adb530cb0918dc2812b7f556b28c-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3ab9adb530cb0918dc2812b7f556b28c_3-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shiaonlinelibrary.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8/3639_%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%AC-%D9%A4/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9_28">http://shiaonlinelibrary.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8/3639_%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%AC-%D9%A4/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9_28</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fshiaonlinelibrary.com%2F%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2583%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A8%2F3639_%25D8%25A3%25D8%25B9%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B4%25D9%258A%25D8%25B9%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A%25D8%25AF-%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B3%25D9%2586-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A3%25D9%2585%25D9%258A%25D9%2586-%25D8%25AC-%25D9%25A4%2F%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B5%25D9%2581%25D8%25AD%25D8%25A9_28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AGeber" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Lipsește sau este vid: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1#citation_missing_title" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ad9461c44ad2d10f7c406acfc2a4d75b-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ad9461c44ad2d10f7c406acfc2a4d75b_4-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ar.al-shia.org/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A/">https://ar.al-shia.org/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A/</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Far.al-shia.org%2F%25D8%25AC%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586-%25D8%25AD%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B3%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AGeber" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Lipsește sau este vid: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1#citation_missing_title" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8bfb005fcbfaa70921015cc79475c2dc-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8bfb005fcbfaa70921015cc79475c2dc_5-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alrasd.net/arabic/844">https://alrasd.net/arabic/844</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falrasd.net%2Farabic%2F844&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AGeber" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Lipsește sau este vid: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1#citation_missing_title" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7b57188bc0d7f319161273f241f2c260-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7b57188bc0d7f319161273f241f2c260_6-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16744133" class="extiw" title="d:Q16744133">CONOR.SI</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=CONOR.SI_(authority_control_file_for_author_and_corporate_names_in_Slovene_system_COBISS)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CONOR.SI (authority control file for author and corporate names in Slovene system COBISS) — pagină inexistentă"></a></span></i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%26%238203%3B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AGeber" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"><span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Verificați valoarea <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|titlelink=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1#bad_paramlink" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>)</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">History of Analytical Chemistry by Ferencz Szabadváry, p.11, <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/2881245692" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 2-88124-569-2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">The Historical Background of Chemistry by Henry Marshall Leicester, p.63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">A Dictionary of the History of Science by Anton Sebastian - p.241</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Oraș vechi, aflat astăzi în provincia iraniană <i>Razavi Khorasan</i>. Aici s-au mai născut multe alte personalități ca: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdousi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferdousi — pagină inexistentă">Ferdousi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asadi_Tusi" title="Asadi Tusi">Asadi Tusi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazali" title="Al-Ghazali">Al-Ghazali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nasir_al-Din_al-Tusi" title="Nasir al-Din al-Tusi">Nasir al-Din al-Tusi</a> și nu mai puțin faimosul Șeic-Tusi.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografie">Bibliografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geber&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bibliografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geber&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>E. J. Holmyard (ed.) - <i>The Arabic Works of Jabir ibn Hayyan</i>, tradusă de Richard Russel în 1678. New York, E. P. Dutton (1928)</li> <li>Rabega, M., Rabega, C. - <i>Chimia în slujba omului</i>, Editura Ion Creangă, București</li> <li>Vătămanu, N. - <i>O istorie a medicinii</i>. Editura Albatros, București, 1975</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Khuri_Hitti" title="Philip Khuri Hitti">Hitti, Philip K.</a> 2008. <i>Istoria arabilor.</i> Traducere, note și index: Irina Vainovski-Mihai. <a href="/wiki/Bucure%C8%99ti" title="București">București</a>: Editura All. <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9735718558" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 973-571-855-8</a>. pp. 165, 204, 231-235, 241-244.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geber&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geber&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%98tiin%C8%9Ba_islamic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Știința islamică — pagină inexistentă">Știința islamică</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_oameni_de_%C8%99tiin%C8%9B%C4%83_arabi" title="Listă de oameni de știință arabi">Listă de oameni de știință arabi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geber&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geber&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/227632/Geber#tab=active~checked%2Citems~checked&title=Geber%20--%20Britannica%20Online%20Encyclopedia">Britannica</a></li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761556842/Geber.html">Encarta Encyclopedia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091102013617/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761556842/Geber.html">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2009-11-02">2 noiembrie 2009</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history-science-technology.com/Geber/Geber.htm">History of Science and Technology in Islam</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mari_personalități_ale_Islamului_medieval" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Format:Mari_personalit%C4%83%C8%9Bi_ale_Islamului_medieval" title="Format:Mari personalități ale Islamului medieval"><abbr title="Vizualizează acest format" style=";;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Mari_personalit%C4%83%C8%9Bi_ale_Islamului_medieval&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Mari personalități ale Islamului medieval — pagină inexistentă"><abbr title="Discută acest format" style=";;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Mari_personalit%C4%83%C8%9Bi_ale_Islamului_medieval&action=edit"><abbr title="Modifică acest format" style=";;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">m</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mari_personalități_ale_Islamului_medieval" class="whiteText" style="font-size:100%;margin:0 4em">Mari personalități ale Islamului medieval</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Abu_Kamil" title="Abu Kamil">Abu Kamil</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Muhammad_Ibn_al-Baitar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Muhammad Ibn al-Baitar — pagină inexistentă">Ibn al-Baitar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas">Abu Nuwas</a> • <a href="/wiki/Al-Battani" title="Al-Battani">Al-Battani</a> • <a href="/wiki/Al-Jazari" title="Al-Jazari">Al-Jazari</a> • <a href="/wiki/Al-Ma%60arri" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Ma`arri">Al-Ma`arri</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abou_Madyane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abou Madyane — pagină inexistentă">Abou Madyane</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Bakri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Bakri — pagină inexistentă">Al-Bakri</a> • <a href="/wiki/Al_Biruni" title="Al Biruni">Al Biruni</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taqi_al-Din&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taqi al-Din — pagină inexistentă">Taqi al-Din</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alhazen" title="Alhazen">Alhazen</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Kachi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Kachi — pagină inexistentă">Al-Kachi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Al-Kindi" title="Al-Kindi">Al-Kindi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Averroes" title="Averroes">Averroes</a> • <a href="/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna">Avicenna</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_Idrissi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al Idrissi — pagină inexistentă">Al Idrissi</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbas_Ibn_Firnas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abbas Ibn Firnas — pagină inexistentă">Abbas Ibn Firnas</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Marwazi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Marwazi — pagină inexistentă">Al-Marwazi</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_al-Nadim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn al-Nadim — pagină inexistentă">Ibn al-Nadim</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Khaldoun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Khaldoun — pagină inexistentă">Ibn Khaldoun</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibrahim_ibn_Sinan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibrahim ibn Sinan — pagină inexistentă">Ibrahim ibn Sinan</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Geber(Jabir Ibn Hayyan)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Leon_Africanul" title="Leon Africanul">Hassan al-Wazzan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Omar_Hai%C4%81m" class="mw-redirect" title="Omar Haiām">Omar Haiām</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Khatib" title="Ibn al-Khatib">Ibn al-Khatib</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_Maqqari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al Maqqari — pagină inexistentă">Al Maqqari</a> •<a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Khawarizmi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Khawarizmi — pagină inexistentă">Al-Khawarizmi</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Fadl%C3%A2n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Fadlân — pagină inexistentă">Ibn Fadlân</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Nafis" title="Ibn al-Nafis">Ibn Nafis</a> • <a href="/wiki/Al-Zahrawi" title="Al-Zahrawi">Al-Zahrawi</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Qushji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Qushji — pagină inexistentă">Ali Qushji</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Soufi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Soufi — pagină inexistentă">Al-Soufi</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Batt%C3%BBta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Battûta — pagină inexistentă">Ibn Battûta</a> • <a href="/wiki/Al-Hallaj" title="Al-Hallaj">Al-Hallaj</a> • <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_Muhammad_ibn_Zakariya_al-Razi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi">Al-Razi</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qadi-zadeh_Roumi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qadi-zadeh Roumi — pagină inexistentă">Qadi-zadeh Roumi</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasir_ad-Din_at-Tusi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nasir ad-Din at-Tusi — pagină inexistentă">Nasir ad-Din at-Tusi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Abul_Wafa" title="Abul Wafa">Abul Wafa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mimar_Sinan" title="Mimar Sinan">Mimar Sinan</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tabari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tabari — pagină inexistentă">Tabari</a> • <a href="/wiki/Al-Farabi" title="Al-Farabi">Al-Farabi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazali" title="Al-Ghazali">Al-Ghazali</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Arabi" title="Ibn Arabi">Ibn Arabi</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalal_ad-Din_Muhammad_Rumi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi — pagină inexistentă">Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Taymiyya" title="Ibn Taymiyya">Ibn Taymiyya</a> • <a href="/wiki/Attar" title="Attar">Farid Al-Din Attar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Saadi" title="Saadi">Saadi</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Avempace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avempace — pagină inexistentă">Avempace</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Tufayl" title="Ibn Tufayl">Ibn Tufayl</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hazm" title="Ibn Hazm">Ibn Hazm</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16786155">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:0 auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-image,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-list{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-even,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .whiteText{color:#fff}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-group,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-image,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-list{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-group,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-even,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .whiteText{color:#fff}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important;background:transparent!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important;background:transparent!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Control_de_autoritate" title="Ajutor:Control de autoritate">Control de autoritate</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bibsys" title="Bibsys">BIBSYS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90364954">90364954</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1162624">XX1162624</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11903785q">cb11903785q</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11903785q">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA04043107?l=en">DA04043107</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118864718">118864718</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/000000037418233X">0000 0003 7418 233X</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n85356785">n85356785</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mzk2003198569&CON_LNG=ENG">mzk2003198569</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Australia">NLA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an49784529">49784529</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Istituto_Centrale_per_il_Catalogo_Unico" title="Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico">ICCU</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/risultati-autori/-/opac-autori/detail/BVEV026590?core=autoriall">BVEV026590</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/LIBRIS" title="LIBRIS">SELIBR</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/192315">192315</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026877376">026877376</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/11036">11036</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/WorldCat_Identities" class="mw-redirect" title="WorldCat Identities">WorldCat Identities</a> (via VIAF): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/11036">11036</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Control_de_autoritate" title="Ajutor:Control de autoritate"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Adus de la <a dir="ltr" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geber&oldid=16243944">https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geber&oldid=16243944</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categorii" title="Special:Categorii">Categorii</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alchimie" title="Categorie:Alchimie">Alchimie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Medicina_tradi%C8%9Bional%C4%83_iranian%C4%83" title="Categorie:Medicina tradițională iraniană">Medicina tradițională iraniană</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Medici_arabi" title="Categorie:Medici arabi">Medici arabi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Filozofi_arabi" title="Categorie:Filozofi arabi">Filozofi arabi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Chimi%C8%99ti_arabi" title="Categorie:Chimiști arabi">Chimiști arabi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Astronomi_arabi" title="Categorie:Astronomi arabi">Astronomi arabi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Descoperitori_de_elemente_chimice" title="Categorie:Descoperitori de elemente chimice">Descoperitori de elemente chimice</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Epoca_de_aur_a_islamului" title="Categorie:Epoca de aur a islamului">Epoca de aur a islamului</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categorie:Chimi%C8%99ti_ai_secolului_al_VIII-lea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categorie:Chimiști ai secolului al VIII-lea — pagină inexistentă">Chimiști ai secolului al VIII-lea</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categorie:Chimi%C8%99ti_ai_secolului_al_IX-lea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categorie:Chimiști ai secolului al IX-lea — pagină inexistentă">Chimiști ai secolului al IX-lea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Arabi_din_secolul_al_VIII-lea" title="Categorie:Arabi din secolul al VIII-lea">Arabi din secolul al VIII-lea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Arabi_din_secolul_al_IX-lea" title="Categorie:Arabi din secolul al IX-lea">Arabi din secolul al IX-lea</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorii ascunse: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Pagini_cu_cit%C4%83ri_f%C4%83r%C4%83_titluri" title="Categorie:Pagini cu citări fără titluri">Pagini cu citări fără titluri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Pagini_cu_cit%C4%83ri_de_simple_URL-uri" title="Categorie:Pagini cu citări de simple URL-uri">Pagini cu citări de simple URL-uri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Erori_CS1:_parameter_link" title="Categorie:Erori CS1: parameter link">Erori CS1: parameter link</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Pagini_ce_folosesc_leg%C4%83turi_automate_c%C4%83tre_ISBN" title="Categorie:Pagini ce folosesc legături automate către ISBN">Pagini ce folosesc legături automate către ISBN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Categorie:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_BIBSYS" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori BIBSYS">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori BIBSYS</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_BNE" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori BNE">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori BNE</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_BNF" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori BNF">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori BNF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_CINII" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori CINII">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori CINII</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_GND" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori GND">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_ISNI" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori ISNI">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori ISNI</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_LCCN" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori LCCN">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_NKC" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NKC">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NKC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_NLA" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NLA">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NLA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_SBN" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori SBN">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori SBN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_SELIBR" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori SELIBR">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori SELIBR</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_SUDOC" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori SUDOC">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori SUDOC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_VIAF" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori VIAF">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori VIAF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_WorldCat-VIAF" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori WorldCat-VIAF">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori WorldCat-VIAF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_control_de_autoritate" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu control de autoritate">Articole Wikipedia cu control de autoritate</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ultima editare a paginii a fost efectuată la 10 mai 2024, ora 21:41.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Acest text este disponibil sub licența <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ro">Creative Commons cu atribuire și distribuire în condiții identice</a>; pot exista și clauze suplimentare. Vedeți detalii la <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Termenii de utilizare</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Politica de confidențialitate</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Despre">Despre Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Termeni">Termeni</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Cod de conduită</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Dezvoltatori</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/ro.wikipedia.org">Statistici</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Declarație cookie</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//ro.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geber&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Versiune mobilă</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Căutare</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Căutare în Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Căutare"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Căutare</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Geber</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>88 limbi</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Adăugare subiect</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c6f46dcf-qfmgf","wgBackendResponseTime":119,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.670","walltime":"1.042","ppvisitednodes":{"value":996,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":27222,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":412,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":9,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":13,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":25742,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":32,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 977.641 1 -total"," 90.75% 887.178 1 Format:Infocaseta_Biografie"," 4.64% 45.372 1 Format:Mari_personalitati_ale_Islamului_medieval"," 4.46% 43.627 1 Format:Casetă_de_navigare_simplă"," 3.56% 34.812 10 Format:Listă_de_la_Wikidata"," 2.93% 28.668 1 Format:Control_de_autoritate"," 1.44% 14.117 1 Format:Valoare_unică_de_la_Wikidata"," 0.50% 4.888 1 Format:Webarchive"," 0.29% 2.859 2 Format:Editează_la_Wikidata"," 0.28% 2.749 1 Format:Listă_decorată_de_la_Wikidata"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.572","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5289401,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-585dc88b6-6f5h9","timestamp":"20250327000516","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Geber","url":"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Geber","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q167852","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q167852","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2008-02-09T05:01:26Z","dateModified":"2024-05-10T19:41:35Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/00\/Al-Jaahith_-_African_Arab_Naturalist_-_Basra_-_al_jahiz.jpg","headline":"savant persan"}</script> </body> </html>