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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Cue_sports_techniques" title="Special:EditPage/Cue sports techniques">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Cue+sports+techniques%22">"Cue sports techniques"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Cue+sports+techniques%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Cue+sports+techniques%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Cue+sports+techniques%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Cue+sports+techniques%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Cue+sports+techniques%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marked_cue_ball.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Marked_cue_ball.jpg/220px-Marked_cue_ball.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Marked_cue_ball.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="302" data-file-height="213" /></a><figcaption>Illustration from <a href="/wiki/Michael_Phelan_(billiards)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Phelan (billiards)">Michael Phelan</a>'s 1859 book, <i>The Game of Billiards</i></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Cue sports techniques</b> (usually more specific, e.g., <b>billiards techniques</b>, <b>snooker techniques</b>) are a vital important aspect of game play in the various <a href="/wiki/Cue_sports" title="Cue sports">cue sports</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Carom_billiards" title="Carom billiards">carom billiards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pocket_billiards" class="mw-redirect" title="Pocket billiards">pool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snooker" title="Snooker">snooker</a> and other games. Such techniques are used on each shot in an attempt to achieve an immediate aim such as scoring or playing a safety, while at the same time exercising control over the positioning of the <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#cue_ball" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Cue ball" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">cue ball</span></a></dfn> and often the <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#object_ball" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § object ball" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">object ball</span></a></dfn>s for the next shot or <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#inning" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § inning" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">inning</span></a></dfn>. </p><p>In carom games, an advanced player's aim on most shots is to leave the cue ball and the object balls in position so that the next shot is of a less difficult variety to make the requisite <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#carom" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Carom" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">carom</span></a></dfn>, and so that the next shot is in position to be manipulated in turn for yet another shot, <em>ad infinitum</em>. </p><p>Similarly, in many pocket billiards games, an advanced player's aim is to manipulate the cue ball so that it is in position to <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#pocket" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § pocket" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">pocket</span></a></dfn> (<dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#pot" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § pot" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">pot</span></a></dfn>) a chosen next object ball, and so that the next shot can also be manipulated for the <i>next</i> shot, and so on. Whereas in the carom games, manipulation of the object ball's position is crucial as well on every shot, in some pool games this is not as large a factor because on a successful shot the object ball is pocketed. However, many shots in <a href="/wiki/One-pocket" title="One-pocket">one-pocket</a>, for example, have this same added object ball control factor for most shots. </p><p>If a player is not attempting to score or pocket, depending on the game, then the goal is usually to exercise control over the cue ball to leave some type of <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#safety" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § safety" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">safety</span></a></dfn> to make it more difficult for the opponent to score or pocket. </p><p>In order to control the cue ball on a shot, a player must master a wide variety of techniques, and have a well-founded conceptual grasp of the mechanics involved. As stated by <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Fels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Fels (page does not exist)">George Fels</a>, "pool's poet laureate":<sup id="cite_ref-Atlas_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atlas-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The mere pocketing of a ball isn't that hard; in fact, it's relatively simple. What drives many, many players to distraction is the unpredictability of the cueball's path of travel .... [T]he game of <a href="/wiki/Carom_billiards" title="Carom billiards">billiards</a> requires you to drive a ball someplace; pool, in any form, mostly asks you to stop a ball someplace. In either case, you'll fare much better when you understand the how and why of a ball's getting from one place to another.</p></blockquote> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stance">Stance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports_techniques&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Stance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is no single universally accepted stance, with a wide variation between players who compete at professional cuesports. However, there are a number of common characteristics: generally the back leg is braced while the front leg is slightly bent with the player leaning into the shot; the player's weight is evenly distributed, and the body remains still for the duration of the shot. Many of the modern players face the line of the shot, while a more traditional stance would see the player twist their body so their back foot is at a right-angle to the shot.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sidespin_(english)"><span id="Sidespin_.28english.29"></span>Sidespin (english)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports_techniques&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Sidespin (english)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#english" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § english" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">english</span></a></dfn> (usually not capitalized in this context, and often called "side" in the UK, and sometimes simply called "left" or "right") normally refers to sidespin put on a cue ball by hitting it to the left or right of center. English is used for position by altering the <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#angle_of_reflection" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § angle of reflection" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">angle of reflection</span></a></dfn> of the cue ball after it contacts a rail cushion. More specific terms are sometimes employed, including "reverse english" for side that closes the cue ball's angle after contacting a cushion, and "natural english" or "running english" for side that widens that angle. Both left and right english change the direction an object ball takes upon impact with the cue ball (the "<dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#throw" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § throw" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">throw</span></a></dfn>" effect). For advanced players it is important to understand how the use of english can cause the cue ball to veer off its aiming line (an effect called <a href="#Deflection_(squirt)">deflection or "squirt"</a>). </p><p>An above-center hit on the cue ball is more precisely referred to as "<dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#follow" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § follow" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">follow</span></a></dfn>" ("top" in the UK), while a below-center hit is "draw", "bottom", or "back-spin". Any time the cue ball is not struck directly in the center of the vertical axis, some sidespin will be imparted either left or right on the cue ball. This unintentional sidespin is a common source of missed shots. Cue-ball spin is not always the shooter's doing; some spin is naturally imparted to the cue ball from contact with the cloth surface on the bed of the table, and by the table's cushions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Follow">Follow</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports_techniques&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Follow"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Follow, sometimes called top spin or simply "top," is spin in the direction of travel of the cue ball, so that it is spinning faster than it would from its natural roll. If the cue ball has top spin on it, it will resume rolling forward after making contact dead-on with the object ball and "follow" the object ball rather than stopping abruptly. </p><p>Top spin is imparted to a ball by hitting it above the midpoint of its vertical plane as it faces the shooter. Top spin is spin in the direction a ball naturally "wants" to take in reaction to friction from contact with the pool cloth. Because of this, a ball sliding on the cloth will rapidly pick up follow. Likewise, a ball struck so that it is spinning backwards (with <i>draw</i> — see below) immediately starts losing that spin, and if it travels far enough, will reach a sliding point (no spin), soon graduating to natural follow. </p><p>Follow applied to a non-dead-on shot will cause the angle of departure of the cue ball from the object ball to widen shortly after impact; the thicker the hit on the object ball, the more this effect will be noticeable (on very thin cut shots it practically does not exist). Similarly, top spin will cause a widening of the cue ball's rebound angle after impact with a rail cushion. </p><p>Follow also increases the rate of cue ball travel, both before and after object-ball impact, and actually imparts a small amount of draw to the object ball. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Force-follow">Force-follow</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports_techniques&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Force-follow"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Force-follow is an extreme variation of follow, produced by an imparting as much top-spin as possible, in a forceful shot that employs a long follow-through, as used on a draw shot but above rather than below centre. A straight-on force-follow shot causes the cue ball to hesitate for a split second (rebounding from impact), then charge forward again, due to the forward spin it still retains. It may also refuse a normal rebound from the rail by striking the same rail a second time, due to the forward spin's friction overcoming the rebound. This shot is useful both in trick shots and in positional play. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Draw">Draw</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports_techniques&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Draw"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Draw, sometimes called back-spin or "bottom" in the U.K., is backward spin applied to the cue ball by hitting it below the midpoint of its vertical plane as it faces the shooter. If the cue ball is hit with draw, and if that spin remains on the cue ball at the moment of impact with an object ball, the cue ball will reverse direction on a dead-on or center-to-center hit, and "draw" backwards. </p><p>Draw applied to a non-dead-on shot will cause the angle of departure of the cue ball from the object ball to narrow shortly after impact. Similarly, it will cause a narrowing of the cue ball's rebound angle after impact with a rail cushion. </p><p>Draw can also be used to slow the rate of cue ball travel as a result of increased friction between the cloth and the cue ball, and reduce the risk of having the cueball roll off line if the table is not level. This is often called "drag shot" or "drag draw".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A cue ball with back spin can impart a small amount of follow to the object ball. This is often useful in close combination shots to make the first ball struck follow instead of stun after second ball contact. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Slide">Slide</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports_techniques&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Slide"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"<dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#slide" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Slide" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">Slide</span></a></dfn>" refers to a cue ball that is sliding across the cloth with no follow or draw spin. To illustrate this principle, if a ball was marked with a single red dot on it which faced the ceiling at the time the cue ball was struck, an observer would see the cue ball traveling with that red dot remaining fixed at the top of the ball, because the bottom of the ball is sliding over the cloth. </p><p>In order to initially achieve a sliding cue ball, a middle-ball hit is employed. The more speed with which the cue ball is hit in this manner, the longer the cue ball will slide before picking up natural forward roll from cloth friction. However, because of this tendency of the cue ball to acquire follow from friction, in order to deliver a sliding cue ball to an object ball at a distance, the cue ball must be precisely hit with the necessary degree of draw (back or under spin) so that by the time it reaches the object ball, the draw has dissipated and the cue ball is sliding at the moment of impact. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stop_and_stun_shots">Stop and stun shots</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports_techniques&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Stop and stun shots"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When a sliding cue ball contacts an object ball dead-on (a center-to-center hit), the cue ball and object ball are of the same mass, and neither follow nor draw is on the cue ball at the moment of impact, the cue ball will transfer all of its momentum to the object ball and come to a complete stop; this is a <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#stop_shot" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Stop shot" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">stop shot</span></a></dfn>. If the sliding cue ball in the preceding scenario has sidespin on it when it contacts an object ball dead on, it will come to a complete stop but spin in place at that position until the sidespin dissipates. If the cue ball and object ball contact is not dead-on but still very full, the result will often be a <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#stun_shot" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Stun shot" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">"stun" shot</span></a></dfn>, where the cue ball departs the object ball in the expected direction but travels only a short distance. The stun effect can often be enhanced with a minimal amount of draw, to reduce cue ball speed before impact with the object ball. </p><p>If a cue ball is sliding, not rolling, at the time it contacts an object ball at an angle (i.e. on a <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#cut" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § cut" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">cut shot</span></a></dfn>, <em>not</em> a center-to-center impact), the cue ball will travel in a line tangential to the point of impact between both balls – the <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#tangent_line" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § tangent line" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">tangent line</span></a></dfn>. Because billiard balls are somewhat <a href="/wiki/Elastic_collision" title="Elastic collision">elastic</a>, the resulting tangent line is slightly less than 90 degrees from perpendicular to a line formed by the contact point between the balls. </p><p>If the cue ball hits an object ball at an angle and has follow on it (is spinning forward), the cue ball will first travel on the tangent line and then <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parabolic_arc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parabolic arc (page does not exist)">parabolically arc</a> forward from the tangent line in the direction of cue ball travel. By the same token, when such impact is made and the cue ball has draw (back-spin) on it, the cue ball will first travel on the tangent line and then parabolically arc backward from the tangent line in the opposite direction of cue ball travel. Whether follow or draw is on the cue ball, the faster the cue ball is traveling at the moment of impact, the farther it will travel on the tangent line before arcing forward or backward. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Throw">Throw</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports_techniques&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Throw"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"<dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#throw" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Throw" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">Throw</span></a></dfn>" refers to an object ball's motion away from the impact line due to relative sideways sliding motion between the cue ball and object ball caused by sidespin or a cut angle. </p><p>When a ball with english (sidespin) on it hits an object ball with a degree of fullness, the object ball will be "thrown" in the opposite direction of the side of the cue ball the english was applied. Thus, a cue ball with left hand english on it will "throw" a hit object ball to the right. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/File:Gears_animation.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Gears_animation.gif" decoding="async" width="172" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="172" data-file-height="120" /></a><figcaption>Intermeshing gears in motion; billiard balls in contact behave in a similar manner, due to friction between their surfaces.</figcaption></figure> <p>This effect is sometimes overarchingly referred to as the "gear system", so-called because of the interaction of the clockwork gears of a <span class="nowrap">clock<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span>—<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span></span>each circular gear is interlocked with an abutting circular gear and each spins in the opposite direction of its neighbor in a series. English on the cue ball can cause a very similar effect. If the cue ball with left hand english in the preceding scenario contacts an object ball relatively full and that object ball is frozen to another, the first object ball is thrown to the right and the second to the left, exactly as the name implies. </p><p>Throw is also imparted to a ball by collision from a cue ball with no english on it through friction. This is sometimes called "<dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#collision-induced_throw" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Collision-induced throw" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">collision-induced throw</span></a></dfn>". The direction of the object ball's throw depends on the cue ball's path immediately before impact. Collision-induced throw "pushes" the object ball in the same direction as the cue ball was traveling before impact. Thus, a cue ball traveling from the left will cause an impacted object ball to be thrown slightly to the left of the OB's natural impact line. </p><p>Both varieties of throw are highly influenced by speed. Generally, the less momentum the cue ball possesses at the time of impact, the more that throw will affect the object ball's resultant path of travel. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Semi-massé"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Semi-massé_("curve"_or_"swerve")_shot"><span id="Semi-mass.C3.A9_.28.22curve.22_or_.22swerve.22.29_shot"></span>Semi-<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">massé</i></span> ("curve" or "swerve") shot</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports_techniques&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Semi-massé ("curve" or "swerve") shot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A cue ball can be made to curve in its path of travel with a <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#semi-massé" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § semi-massé" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">semi-<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">massé</i></span></span></a></dfn> shot. This is usually employed for the purpose of avoiding an interfering ball or balls. </p><p>In order to achieve a curve, a player's cue stick must be elevated and the cue ball struck with english. A curve to the left is accomplished by hitting the cue ball with left-hand english, and vice versa for a rightward curve. The higher the elevation of the cue, the more severe the degree of curve. The greater force with which a cue ball is hit the farther it will travel in the direction it was hit before beginning to curve. </p><p>Such shots are typically referred to as "curve shots" by North Americans and "swerve shots" by the British (not be confused with the <i><a href="#Swerve_effect">swerve effect</a></i>, below). </p><p>Much steeper curves and even reversal of cue ball direction can be achieved with a <a href="#Massé_shot"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">massé</i></span></a> (below). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Massé_shot"><span id="Mass.C3.A9_shot"></span><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Massé</i></span> shot</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports_techniques&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Massé shot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mass%C3%A9_illustration-Modern_Billiards.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Mass%C3%A9_illustration-Modern_Billiards.png/120px-Mass%C3%A9_illustration-Modern_Billiards.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Mass%C3%A9_illustration-Modern_Billiards.png/180px-Mass%C3%A9_illustration-Modern_Billiards.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Mass%C3%A9_illustration-Modern_Billiards.png/240px-Mass%C3%A9_illustration-Modern_Billiards.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="736" /></a><figcaption>Illustration of a player performing a <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">massé</i></span> shot.</figcaption></figure> <p>"<dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#massé" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § massé" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Massé</i></span></span></a></dfn><span style="padding-left:.15em;">"</span> refers to imparting a high degree of spin along the vertical axis and often on the horizontal axis as well, so that the cue ball reverses direction, sharply curves, or both a few moments after being struck without the necessity of ever contacting another ball or rail. </p><p>A <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">massé</i></span> is performed by hitting the cue ball with the butt of the cue stick elevated; usually by 60 degrees or more. While controlling the aim, speed and curve of the cue ball takes a great deal of practice to master, there is a science to it.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the initial contact, the cue ball will travel straight along the path defined by the horizontal alignment of the cue until the cue ball slows enough for the imparted vertical spin to take over. The cue ball will then curve onto a line defined by an angle described by the cue ball's initial resting point on the table and point on the table where the cue tip was aimed. The time before vertical spin overcomes horizontal movement is determined by the force with which the cue ball is struck. <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Massés</i></span> are quite difficult for non-experts, and are not allowed in some venues, as the table's <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#cloth" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § cloth" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">cloth</span></a></dfn> can be easily damaged by unskilled players. </p><p>A <i>massé</i> shot is an equivalent to the <i><a href="/wiki/Hook_(bowling)" title="Hook (bowling)">hook</a></i> technique in <a href="/wiki/Ten-pin_bowling" title="Ten-pin bowling">ten-pin bowling</a>, used to impart spin on the ball and produce a curving pattern. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Swerve_effect">Swerve effect</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports_techniques&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Swerve effect"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Whenever a pool ball is struck with any degree of english, and with a cue that is not perfectly level, some curve in the ball's path will result. In the two immediately preceding sections, <i>intentional</i> curves of lesser and greater degrees were described. However, because in most billiards shots, the cue is slightly elevated, if english is employed, an <i>unintentional</i> (and often imperceptible to the naked eye) curve results. This is known as "<dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#swerve" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § swerve" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">swerve</span></a></dfn>" or "the swerve effect". The farther away an intended target is from the cue ball's original shooting position, the more swerve of the cue ball will affect where the cue ball arrives. For this reason, use of english (and unintentional english) are complicating factors in billiards and swerve must be compensated for. The <i>swerve effect</i> should not be confused with a "swerve shot", previously defined as Commonwealth terminology for a curve shot. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deflection_(squirt)"><span id="Deflection_.28squirt.29"></span>Deflection (squirt)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports_techniques&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Deflection (squirt)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"<dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#deflection" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § Deflection" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">Deflection</span></a></dfn>", sometimes referred to as "squirt", is displacement of the cue ball from the aimed direction in the opposite direction of the side to which english was applied. Like the swerve effect, deflection is an unwanted complicating factor, present whenever english is employed. </p><p>The physics of deflection has been studied extensively. Basically, when english is used, the cue ball will always begin its travel in a direction not exactly as aimed; it will "squirt" off the line parallel with the cue's direction. Deflection increases the faster the cue stick is traveling at impact and the more english has been applied. </p><p>In more detail, deflection occurs when the cue tip strikes the cue ball right or left of the vertical axis. When the cue tip strikes the cue ball off the vertical axis, the cue ball will deviate from what would seem to be the obvious path once the cue tip strikes the cue ball. The reason this occurs and how much the ball deviates from what seems like the obvious path is dependent on many factors that the player must be aware of to properly adjust the line of aim while using side-spin.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most impactful of factors is the front-end weight of the cue stick. What is actually causing the squirt to occur is the off-center hit on a spherical object from a linear source of energy. As the energy of the cue stick is imparted to the cue ball from the tip of the cue stick, it is actually making contact with an angled surface when the cue ball is struck off-center. The more off-center the hit, the more angle the cue tip encounters. As a result, when the tip strikes the cue ball, it imparts forward energy and a degree of energy directed left or right<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>⁠—<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span>a nudging-to-the-side effect. The left or right energy serves to push the cueball off the line just a little bit while most of the energy is distributed forward. A cue stick with less front end mass will naturally serve to minimize the left or right energy imparted on the cue ball thus reducing the amount of squirt realized on the shot. To really dig into the physics behind why squirt takes place, students from the University of Colorado's physics department wrote a detailed paper explaining the math behind what is taking place <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033199720">.mw-parser-output div.crossreference{padding-left:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference">(paper:<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</span>. </p><p>Deflection can be decreased by the type of cue used, and at high levels, players will often select a personal playing cue (or a primary shooting shaft for one) based on the amount of squirt it imparts (the less the better). Various manufacturers since the late 1990s have developed low-deflection shafts which flex slightly upon impact, to absorb some of this sideways momentum and prevent imparting it to the cue ball. These are essentially opposite the rigid shafts designed for breaking and for jump shots, which are intended to impart all available force into the cue ball. </p><p>Because swerve and deflection (for separate reasons) each cause the cue ball to take a different path than aimed, but each does so in the opposite direction of the other, under the right conditions swerve and deflection can cancel each other out. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jump_shot">Jump shot</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports_techniques&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Jump shot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A "<dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms#jump_shot" title="Glossary of cue sports terms"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of cue sports terms § jump shot" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">jump shot</span></a></dfn>" describes any shot where the cue ball is intentionally driven into the air in a legal manner. It is not permissible in some games (e.g. snooker, blackball, and Russian pyramid) and may be frowned upon or even forbidden in some venues as attempts at it by unskilled players may cause damage to a table's cloth. A legal jump shot requires that the cue ball be struck above center, driving it down into the table, so that the slightly elastic ball will leave the table surface on a rebound. All authoritative rule sources deem it illegal to "scoop" under the cue ball with the tip of the cue to fling it into the air (technically because it is illegal to contact the cue ball with the ferrule of the cue, and because the cue ball is struck twice in rapid succession on such a move, both of which are classic fouls). </p><p>Unintentional small jumps are ubiquitous to billiards. In most billiards shots, a player's cue is slightly elevated. Whenever a ball is struck with an elevated cue with much force, a jump, no matter how slight, occurs. An oft-used way to illustrate this principle is to lay a coin on the table approximately an inch in front of the cue ball. When shot very softly, the player will audibly hear the coin being struck and see the cue ball's reaction to that collision. When the same shot is performed with any degree of speed no sound or collision is evident, and it is clear that the coin is being jumped. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Drag">Drag</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports_techniques&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Drag"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The drag shot is a finesse stroke (usually over a long distance, often the full length of the table) where just enough backspin is applied to the cueball so that it will expire moments before contact with the object ball and finally roll with neither backspin or topspin at a slow pace. The cueball skims over the surface thus negating any nap or deformation (pilling) of the cloth and keeps a straight trajectory, up until the point where the spin wears off and the cueball rolls naturally. The great advantage of the finessed drag shot is that it allows great control of aim on less than perfect surfaces and delivers contact on the originally intended trajectory. <a href="/wiki/Willie_Smith_(billiards_player)" title="Willie Smith (billiards player)">Willie Smith</a> was a master of the drag shot. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports_techniques&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Atlas-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Atlas_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fels, George. Quoted in: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFels1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Fels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Fels (page does not exist)">Fels, George</a> (1991). "Introduction". In Harris, Walt (ed.). <i>The Billiard Atlas on Systems & Techniques</i>. Vol. 1. Cocoa Beach, Florida: Billiard Atlas. p. xvii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9631204-0-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-9631204-0-9"><bdi>0-9631204-0-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=The+Billiard+Atlas+on+Systems+%26+Techniques&rft.place=Cocoa+Beach%2C+Florida&rft.pages=xvii&rft.pub=Billiard+Atlas&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-9631204-0-9&rft.aulast=Fels&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACue+sports+techniques" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCallan" class="citation web cs1">Callan, Frank. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120617153709/http://www.fcsnooker.co.uk/basics/the_stance/stance.htm">"The Stance"</a>. <i>fcsnooker</i>. Preston, Lancashire: The Frank Callan Suite. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fcsnooker.co.uk/basics/the_stance/stance.htm">the original</a> on 17 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fcsnooker&rft.atitle=The+Stance&rft.aulast=Callan&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fcsnooker.co.uk%2Fbasics%2Fthe_stance%2Fstance.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACue+sports+techniques" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL354894M/Byrne's_new_standard_book_of_pool_and_billiards"><i>Byrne's New Standard Book of Pool and Billiards, p. 75</i></a>. Harcourt Brace & Co. 1998. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL354894M">354894M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byrne%27s+New+Standard+Book+of+Pool+and+Billiards%2C+p.+75&rft.pub=Harcourt+Brace+%26+Co.&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL354894M%23id-name%3DOL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL354894M%2FByrne%27s_new_standard_book_of_pool_and_billiards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACue+sports+techniques" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJewett1997" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Jewett" title="Bob Jewett">Jewett, Bob</a> (December 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716044133/http://www.sfbilliards.com/articles/1997-12.pdf">"Welcome to Masse 101"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Billiards Digest. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfbilliards.com/articles/1997-12.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2011-07-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-10-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+Masse+101&rft.pub=Billiards+Digest&rft.date=1997-12&rft.aulast=Jewett&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfbilliards.com%2Farticles%2F1997-12.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACue+sports+techniques" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180413205304/http://www.billiards.colostate.edu/physics/Shepard_squirt.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cue_sports" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cue_sports" title="Template:Cue sports"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cue_sports" title="Template talk:Cue sports"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cue_sports" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cue sports"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cue_sports" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cue_sports" title="Cue sports">Cue sports</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pool_(cue_sports)" title="Pool (cue sports)">Pool</a> games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eight-ball" title="Eight-ball">Eight-ball</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eight-ball_pool_(British_variation)" title="Eight-ball pool (British variation)">British eight-ball</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nine-ball" title="Nine-ball">Nine-ball</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Straight_pool" title="Straight pool">Straight pool</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ten-ball" title="Ten-ball">Ten-ball</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trick_shot" title="Trick shot"><i>Artistic pool</i> and trick shots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_pool" title="Bank pool">Bank pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_pocket_billiards" title="Baseball pocket billiards">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottle_pool" title="Bottle pool">Bottle pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowlliards" title="Bowlliards">Bowlliards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_(pool)" title="Chicago (pool)">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_pool" title="Cowboy pool">Cowboy pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cribbage_(pool)" title="Cribbage (pool)">Cribbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutthroat_(pool)" title="Cutthroat (pool)">Cutthroat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifteen-ball_pool" title="Fifteen-ball pool">Fifteen-ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golf_(billiards)" title="Golf (billiards)">Golf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honolulu_(pool)" title="Honolulu (pool)">Honolulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_pool" title="Kelly pool">Kelly pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killer_(pool)" title="Killer (pool)">Killer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-pocket" title="One-pocket">One-pocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid_pool" title="Pyramid pool">Pyramid pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotation_(pool)" title="Rotation (pool)">Rotation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven-ball" title="Seven-ball">Seven-ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_pool" title="Speed pool">Speed pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-ball" title="Three-ball">Three-ball</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cuesports" title="Cuesports"><img alt="A cube of blue chalk with a paper wrapper on all sides but one; a rounded indentation appears at the top where a cue would be chalked" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Chalk_stub.png" decoding="async" width="61" height="72" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="61" data-file-height="72" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Carom_billiards" title="Carom billiards">Carom billiards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Three-cushion_billiards" title="Three-cushion billiards">Three-cushion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/One-cushion_billiards" title="One-cushion billiards">One-cushion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Balkline" title="Balkline">Balkline</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_rail" title="Straight rail">Straight rail</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Five-pin_billiards" title="Five-pin billiards">Five-pins</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artistic_billiards" title="Artistic billiards">Artistic billiards</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-ball_billiards" title="Four-ball billiards">Four-ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goriziana" title="Goriziana">Goriziana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Snooker</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Snooker" title="Snooker">Snooker</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Six-red_snooker" title="Six-red snooker">Six-red snooker</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snooker_plus" class="mw-redirect" title="Snooker plus">Snooker plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_snooker" title="American snooker">American snooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinuca_brasileira" title="Sinuca brasileira">Brazilian snooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snooker_Shoot_Out" title="Snooker Shoot Out">Shoot Out</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cue_sports#List_of_cue_sports" title="Cue sports">Other games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/English_billiards" title="English billiards">English billiards</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Russian_pyramid" title="Russian pyramid">Russian pyramid</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaisa_(cue_sport)" title="Kaisa (cue sport)">Kaisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_pin_billiards" title="Danish pin billiards">Danish pin billiards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumper_pool" title="Bumper pool">Bumper pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagatelle" title="Bagatelle">Bagatelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boccette" title="Boccette">Boccette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_billiards" title="Bar billiards">Bar billiards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novuss" title="Novuss">Novuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_billiards" title="Ground billiards">Ground billiards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slosh_(cue_sport)" title="Slosh (cue sport)">Slosh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cue_sports_terms" title="Glossary of cue sports terms">Glossary</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billiard_table" title="Billiard table">Billiard table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billiard_ball" title="Billiard ball">Billiard ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billiard_hall" title="Billiard hall">Billiard hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cue_stick" title="Cue stick">Cue stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rack_(billiards)" title="Rack (billiards)">Rack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_cue_sports" title="Comparison of cue sports">Comparison of cue sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major<br />international<br />tournaments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_Billiards_World_Championship" title="Artistic Billiards World Championship">Artistic Billiards World Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UMB_World_Three-cushion_Championship" title="UMB World Three-cushion Championship">UMB World Three-cushion Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Snooker_Championship" title="World Snooker Championship">World Snooker Championship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Snooker_Championship_winners" title="List of World Snooker Championship winners">champions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-red_World_Championship" title="Six-red World Championship">Six-red World Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Women%27s_Snooker_Championship" title="World Women's Snooker Championship">World Women's Snooker Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPA_World_Nine-ball_Championship" title="WPA World Nine-ball Championship">WPA World Nine-ball Championship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WPA_Women%27s_World_Nine-ball_Championship" title="WPA Women's World Nine-ball Championship">Women's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_WPA_World_Nine-ball_champions" title="List of WPA World Nine-ball champions">champions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPA_World_Ten-ball_Championship" title="WPA World Ten-ball Championship">WPA World Ten-ball Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Straight_Pool_Championship" title="World Straight Pool Championship">World Straight Pool Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPA_World_Eight-ball_Championship" title="WPA World Eight-ball Championship">WPA World Eight-ball Championship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_world_eight-ball_champions" title="List of world eight-ball champions">champions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Cup_of_Pool" title="World Cup of Pool">World Cup of Pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosconi_Cup" title="Mosconi Cup">Mosconi Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Pool_Masters" title="World Pool Masters">World Pool Masters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cue_sports_at_the_World_Games" title="Cue sports at the World Games">Cue sports at the World Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Euro_Tour" title="Euro Tour">Euro Tour</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Euro_Tour_tournaments" title="List of Euro Tour tournaments">events</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Pool_Championships" title="European Pool Championships">European Pool Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._Open_pool_championships" title="List of U.S. Open pool championships">U.S. Open</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Open_Straight_Pool_Championship" title="U.S. Open Straight Pool Championship">Straight Pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Open_8-Ball_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Open 8-Ball Championships">8-Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Open_9-Ball_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Open 9-Ball Championships">9-Ball</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governing bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Confederation_of_Billiards_Sports" title="World Confederation of Billiards Sports">World Confederation of Billiards Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_Mondiale_de_Billard" title="Union Mondiale de Billard">Union Mondiale de Billard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Pool-Billiard_Association" title="World Pool-Billiard Association">World Pool-Billiard Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Billiards_and_Snooker_Federation" title="International Billiards and Snooker Federation">International Billiards and Snooker Federation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Professional_Billiards_and_Snooker_Association" title="World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association">World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Categories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cue_sports" title="Category:Cue sports">Cue sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cue_sports_players" title="Category:Cue sports players">Players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cue_sports_organizations" title="Category:Cue sports organizations">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cue_sports_competitions" title="Category:Cue sports competitions">Competitions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Eight_Ball_Rack_2005_SeanMcClean.jpg/16px-Eight_Ball_Rack_2005_SeanMcClean.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Eight_Ball_Rack_2005_SeanMcClean.jpg/24px-Eight_Ball_Rack_2005_SeanMcClean.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Eight_Ball_Rack_2005_SeanMcClean.jpg/32px-Eight_Ball_Rack_2005_SeanMcClean.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="697" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cue_sports" title="Portal:Cue sports">Cue sports portal</a></b><br /> The rules of games in <i>italics</i> are standardized by international sanctioning bodies.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports_techniques&oldid=1240726550">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cue_sports_techniques&oldid=1240726550</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cue_sports" title="Category:Cue sports">Cue sports</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sports_techniques" title="Category:Sports techniques">Sports techniques</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Snooker" title="Category:Snooker">Snooker</a></li></ul></div><div 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