CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" > <html> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("http://encarta.msn.com:80/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryHome.aspx?lextype=1","20081208125010","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1228740610"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <title> Translations - MSN Encarta </title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8">  <meta http-equiv="pics-label" content="(pics-1.1 "http://www.rsac.org/ratingsv01.html" l gen true for "http://encarta.msn.com" r (n 0 s 0 v 0 l 0) "http://www.icra.org/ratingsv02.html" l gen true for "http://encarta.msn.com" r (cz 1 lz 1 nz 1 oz 1 vz 1))">  <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010js_/http://help.msn.com/!shared/helppane26.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">  </script> <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010js_/http://encarta.msn.com/global.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010js_/http://encarta.msn.com/header.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010js_/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/Silverlight/Silverlight.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010js_/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/scripts/EncartaSilverlight.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010js_/http://ads1.msn.com/library/dap.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010cs_/http://encarta.msn.com/xStylesheets/pageshare.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010cs_/http://encarta.msn.com/xStylesheets/header.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010cs_/http://encarta.msn.com/xStylesheets/header_nonie.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" id="eot" href="/web/20081208125010cs_/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryHome.aspx?lextype=1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" id="eotSpec" href="/web/20081208125010cs_/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryHome.aspx?lextype=1"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/feeds/rssfeed.aspx?type=dyk" title="Did You Know/Fun Fact"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/feeds/rssfeed.aspx?type=otdfeed" title="On This Day"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/feeds/rssfeed.aspx?type=learn" title="Never Stop Learning"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/feeds/rssfeed.aspx?type=mystpic" title="Mystery Picture"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/feeds/rssfeed.aspx?type=word" title="Word of the Day"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/feeds/rssfeed.aspx?type=quote" title="Quote of the Day"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/feeds/rssfeed.aspx?type=quizfeed" title="Quiz of the Day"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/web/20081208125010cs_/http://encarta.msn.com/xStylesheets/DictHome.css"> </head> <body onload="SetKeyboardInputFocus()"> <table width="770" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td> <div class="ench"> <div class="enchb"><div id="banner"> <div id="advertisement"> <script type="text/javascript"> dap("&PG=ENCROS&AP=1390",728,90); </script> </div> </div>  <span style="display:none"> <script type="text/javascript">var s_account="msnportalencarta";</script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010js_/http://stj.msn.com/br/om/js/s_code.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> s.linkInternalFilters='javascript:encarta.msn.com,encartasr.msn.com,encartaupdate.msn.com'; s.charset='UTF-8'; s.channel='Encarta'; s.server="encarta.msn.com"; s.prop1='Encarta'; s.prop2="en-us"; s.prop11="Free"; s.pageName="Reference|Dictionary|Bilingual|Encarta"; s.prop3="Reference"; s.prop4="Reference|Dictionary"; s.prop5="Reference|Dictionary|Bilingual"; s.prop22="False"; var s_code=s.t(); if(s_code)document.write(s_code); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010js_/http://stj.msn.com/br/om/js/lt/lt.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"></script> <noscript> <img alt="" border="0" height="1" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010im_/http://msnportalencarta.112.2o7.net/b/ss/msnportalencarta/1/H.1--NS/0" width="1"/> </noscript> </span>  <div style="width:100%"><div class="b3c"><span class="b3l nob"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://g.msn.com/0nwenus0/AQ/00">MSN home</a></span><span class="b3l"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://hotmail.msn.com/">Mail</a></span><span class="b3l"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://g.msn.com/0nwenus0/AQ/01">My MSN</a></span><span class="b3l"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://login.live.com/login.srf?wa=wsignin1.0&rpsnv=10&ct=1228740610&rver=4.0.1534.0&wp=LBI&wreply=http:%2F%2Fencarta.msn.com%2Fencnet%2Fsignin%2Fsigninmain.aspx%3Fsc%3D1%26cred%3D8%26tgt%3Dhttp%253a%252f%252fencarta.msn.com%252fencnet%252ffeatures%252fdictionary%252fDictionaryHome.aspx%253flextype%253d1&lc=1033&id=30352">Sign in</a></span></div><div class="cnc"><span class="cnbs"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/">encarta</a></span><span class="cnb"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://www.greetings.msn.com/">greeting cards</a></span><span id="morecnt" class="cnb"><a href="javascript:MoreClick();"><span class="mtxt">more</span><img id="moreimg" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/header/expand.gif" alt=""></a></span></div><div id="morelinks" class="mlc"><div class="mtc"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://mail.live.com/"><strong><img width="25" height="20" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010im_/http://tk2.stb.s-msn.com/i/B6/32E46DE281A68B9C33FC582D2569D.gif" alt="Hotmail">Hotmail</strong></a> <br><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://im.live.com/messenger/im/home/?source=MSNTDLINK"><strong><img width="25" height="20" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010im_/http://tk2.stb.s-msn.com/i/48/86F1396496DFE1BAD68AB5F28409.gif" alt="Messenger">Messenger</strong></a> <br><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://my.msn.com/"><strong><img width="25" height="20" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010im_/http://tk2.stb.s-msn.com/i/48/6CDE404B4BFEC334D023E5422081E0.gif" alt="My MSN">My MSN</strong></a> <br><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://specials.msn.com/alphabet.aspx"><strong><img width="25" height="20" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010im_/http://tk2.stb.s-msn.com/i/78/7CE57843948D6DF13E79A2DE4E15C.gif" alt="MSN Directory">MSN Directory</strong></a> </div><div class="msc col5"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://travel.msn.com/default.aspx">Air Tickets/Travel</a> <br><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://autos.msn.com/default.aspx">Autos</a> <br><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://careers.msn.com/">Careers & Jobs</a> <br><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://cityguides.msn.com/">City Guides</a> <br><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://msn.match.com/index.aspx?TrackingID=516163&BannerID=543351 ">Dating & Personals</a> </div><div class="msc col5"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://msn.delish.com/">Food & Entertaining</a> <br><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://games.msn.com/">Games</a> <br><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://green.msn.com/">Green Living</a> <br><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://health.msn.com/">Health & Fitness</a> <br><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://astrocenter.astrology.msn.com/msn/DeptHoroscope.aspx?When=0&Af=-1000&VS">Horoscopes</a> </div><div class="msc col5"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://moneycentral.msn.com/investor/home.aspx?icid=money_invhome">Investing</a> <br><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://lifestyle.msn.com/default.aspx">Lifestyle</a> <br><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://maps.live.com/default.aspx?wip=2&v=2&rtp=~&FORM=MSNH">Maps & Directions</a> <br><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://moneycentral.msn.com/home.asp">Money</a> <br><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://movies.msn.com/">Movies</a> </div><div class="msc col5"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://music.msn.com/">Music</a> <br><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/">News</a> <br><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://realestate.msn.com/">Real Estate/Rentals</a> <br><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://g.msn.com/0AD00036/931292.1??HCType=1&CID=931292&PG=SHPHDR">Shopping</a> <br><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://msn.foxsports.com/?MSNHPHTN">Sports</a> </div><div class="msc col5"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://tech.msn.com/">Tech & Gadgets</a> <br><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://tv.msn.com/">TV</a> <br><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://weather.msn.com/">Weather</a> <br><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://msn.whitepages.com/">White Pages</a> <br><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://yellowpages.msn.com/">Yellow Pages</a> </div><div style="clear:left"></div></div></div><div class="hbdy"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://g.msn.com/0nwenus0/AQ/14"><img alt="Go to MSN Home" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010im_/http://stc.msn.com/br/gbl/lg/1/m/msft.gif"></a><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/"><span class="snt">encarta<span class="snr">®</span></span></a><form name="searchFrm" class="sfrm" action="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/search.aspx" method="get"><input type="text" id="search_encarta" class="sinp" maxlength="255" name="q" title="Enter a question or keyword to search MSN Encarta" value=""><span class="esbc"><input id="searchButton" type="submit" class="esb" value="Search Encarta"></span><span class="wsbc"><input type="button" class="wsb" value="Web" onclick="WebSearch('https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://search.live.com/results.aspx', 'en-us');"></span></form></div> <div class="enc"><span class="enl nob"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/">Home</a></span><span class="enl"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/artcenter_/browse.html">Encyclopedia</a></span><span class="enls"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/dictionaryhome.aspx">Dictionary</a></span><span class="enl nob"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/mapcenter/map.aspx">Atlas</a></span><span class="enl"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/hubpages_K12Success/K12Success.html">K-12 Success</a></span><span class="enl"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/hubpages_HigherEdPrep/HigherEdPrep.html">College & Grad School</a></span><span class="enl"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.degreesandtraining.com/">Degrees & Training</a></span><span class="enl"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/quiz/">Quizzes</a></span><span id="smcnt" class="enl" onmouseout="CheckSiteMore(event)"><a href="javascript:SiteMoreClick();">More</a></span></div><div id="smlinks" class="smlc" onmouseout="CheckSiteMore(event)"> <div class="smch">Additional Reference Materials</div><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/thesaurus__/thesaurus.html">Thesaurus</a><br><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryHome.aspx?lextype=1">Translations</a><br><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/mediacenter_/browse.html">Multimedia</a><br> <div class="smch">Other Resources</div><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/guide_page_Education/Education.html">Education Resources</a><br><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/homework/language.aspx">Foreign Language Help</a><br><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/studyplanner/plansummary.aspx">Project Planner</a><br><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/departments/financialaid/">Scholarships & Financial Aid</a><br><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/departments/college/default.aspx?page=JobsInternships">Jobs & Internships</a><br><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/departments/education_1">Coffee Break</a><br><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/author_askbillnye/Ask_Bill_Nye.html">Ask Bill Nye the Science Guy</a><br><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/lists/">Top 10 Lists</a><br><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/columns/">Columns</a><br><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/onthisday.aspx">On This Day</a><br><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/support/EncartaProducts.aspx">Encarta Products</a><br><a href="javascript:DoHelp();">Help</a><br></div></div><div class="enb"><img width="1" height="2" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif" alt=""></div> </div> </td> </tr> </table> <table width="770" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <tr> <td width="458" valign="top"> <table width="458" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td width="458" height="42" colspan="2"> <h1 class="FeatureTitle"> Dictionary </h1> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="8" bgcolor="#ffffff"> <img width="8" alt="" border="0" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td> <td width="450" valign="top"> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td height="48" colspan="3" width="100%"> <style type="text/css"> .CtlCntr { background-color:#b44540; padding:4px 18px 16px 18px } .CtlTitle { font:bold 70% Verdana; color:#d0e7fd } .CtlTip { font:normal 70% Verdana; color:#d0e7fd; padding:0 4px 0 4px } .CtlText { font:normal 70% Verdana; color:#000000 } </style> <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript"> function bilsubmit(index) { var query= document.dictSearchFrm.search_dict.value; if(query=="") document.forms["dictSearchFrm"].action= "/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryHome.aspx?lextype=1&langidx=" + index; else document.forms["dictSearchFrm"].action= "/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?lextype=1&langidx=" + index + "&search=" + query; document.forms["dictSearchFrm"].submit(); } function dictsubmit() { var query= document.dictSearchFrm.search_dict.value; var isBil= document.dictSearchFrm.isBilViewState.value; var isThes = document.dictSearchFrm.isThesViewState.value; var escapedQuery = UTF8UrlEncode(query); if(query!="" && isBil=="1") document.forms["dictSearchFrm"].action= "/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?lextype=1&search=" + escapedQuery; else if(isBil=="1") document.forms["dictSearchFrm"].action= "/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?lextype=1"; else { escapedQuery = UTF8UrlEncode(escapedQuery); escapedQuery = getSafeFileName(escapedQuery); if (isThes==1) { if(escapedQuery!="") document.forms["dictSearchFrm"].action= "/thesaurus_/" + escapedQuery + ".html"; else document.forms["dictSearchFrm"].action= "/thesaurus_/_.html"; } else { if(escapedQuery!="") document.forms["dictSearchFrm"].action= "/dictionary_/" + escapedQuery + ".html"; else document.forms["dictSearchFrm"].action= "/dictionary_/_.html"; } } document.forms["dictSearchFrm"].submit(); } function homesubmit(lextype) { if(lextype==1) document.forms["dictSearchFrm"].action= "/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryHome.aspx?lextype=1"; else if (lextype==2) document.forms["dictSearchFrm"].action= "/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryHome.aspx?lextype=2"; else document.forms["dictSearchFrm"].action= "/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryHome.aspx"; document.forms["dictSearchFrm"].submit(); } function getSafeFileName(query) { var deviceNames = new Array("con","prn","aux","nul"); var deviceNamesWithDigit = new Array("com","lpt"); if (query.length == 3) { for (i=0; i<deviceNames.length; i++) { if (query.toLowerCase() == deviceNames[i]) return query + "_"; } } else if (query.length == 4) { for (i=0; i<deviceNamesWithDigit.length; i++) { if (query.substr(0,3).toLowerCase() == deviceNamesWithDigit[i]) { if (query.charAt(3) >= '0' && query.charAt(3) <= '9') return query + "_"; else break; } } } return query; } </script> <form style="margin-bottom:0" name="dictSearchFrm" method="post" action="javascript:dictsubmit()"> <input type="hidden" name="isBilViewState" value="1"> <input type="hidden" name="isThesViewState" value="0"> <div class="CtlCntr"> <div class="CtlTitle">Find</div> <div> <input type="text" class="CtlText" name="search_dict" maxlength="100" value=""> <span class="CtlTip">in</span> <input type="button" name="DictionarySearchButton" value="Translations" title="Search only the Encarta Translation Reference" onclick="dictsubmit();" class="CtlText"> </div> </div> </form> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <img height="13" width="1" alt="" border="0" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <style type="text/css"> .TextSel {text-align:center; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 70%; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Gradient(GradientType="0", StartColorStr="#dbe5ee", EndColorStr="#ffffff"); } .TextNotSel {cursor:hand; text-decoration:none; text-align:center; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 70%; COLOR: #0066cc; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Gradient(GradientType="0", StartColorStr="#dbe5ee", EndColorStr="#ffffff"); } .Letters {font: 60% Verdana,Arial,sans-serif} </style> <table width="100%" style="height:25px" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr style="height:25px" valign="top"> <td width="1" height="25" bgcolor="#999999"><img alt="" width="1" height="25" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td> <td width="1" height="25" bgcolor="#ffffff"><img alt="" width="1" height="25" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td> <td height="25" width="1"> <table style="height:25px" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr style="height:1px"> <td height="1" bgcolor="#999999"><img alt="" width="1" height="1" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:23px"> <td class="TextNotSel" nowrap="nowrap"><img alt="" width="10" height="1" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"><a href="javascript:homesubmit(3);">Dictionary</a><img alt="" width="10" height="1" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:1px"> <td height="1" bgcolor="#999999"></td> </tr> </table> </td> <td width="1" height="25" bgcolor="#999999"><img alt="" width="1" height="25" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td> <td width="1" height="25" bgcolor="#ffffff"><img alt="" width="1" height="25" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td> <td height="25"> <table style="height:25px" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr style="height:1px"> <td height="1" bgcolor="#999999"><img alt="" width="1" height="1" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:23px"> <td class="TextNotSel" nowrap="nowrap"><img alt="" width="10" height="1" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"><a href="javascript:homesubmit(2);">Thesaurus</a><img alt="" width="10" height="1" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:1px"> <td height="1" bgcolor="#999999"></td> </tr> </table> </td> <td width="1" height="25" bgcolor="#999999"><img alt="" width="1" height="25" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td> <td width="1" height="25" bgcolor="#ffffff"><img alt="" width="1" height="25" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td> <td height="25"> <table style="height:25px" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr style="height:3px"> <td height="3" bgcolor="#b44540"><img alt="" width="1" height="3" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:21px"> <td class="TextSel" nowrap="nowrap"><img alt="" width="10" height="1" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif">Translations<img alt="" width="10" height="1" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:1px"> <td height="1" bgcolor="#ffffff"></td> </tr> </table> </td> <td width="1" height="25" bgcolor="#999999"><img alt="" width="1" height="25" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td> <td height="25"> <table style="height:25px" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr style="height:24px"><td><img alt="" width="1" height="24" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px"><td height="1" bgcolor="#999999"><img alt="" width="1" height="1" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td></tr> </table> </td> <td height="25" width="100%"> <table width="100%" style="height:25px" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr style="height:24px"><td><img alt="" width="1" height="24" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px"><td height="1" bgcolor="#999999"><img alt="" width="1" height="1" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <style type="text/css"> .LangSel {cursor:normal; text-align:center; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 70%; COLOR: #ffffff; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; } .LangNotSel {cursor:hand; text-decoration:none; text-align:center; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 70%; COLOR: #0066cc; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; } </style> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr style="height:7px"> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr><td width="97" height="16" bgcolor="#b44540" class="LangSel">English-Spanish</td></tr> <tr style="height:7px"><td></td></tr> <tr><td width="97" height="16" bgcolor="" class="LangNotSel"><a href="javascript:bilsubmit('1');">Spanish-English</a></td></tr> </table> </td> <td width="20"></td> <td> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr><td width="97" height="16" class="LangNotSel"><a href="javascript:bilsubmit('2');">English-French</a></td></tr> <tr style="height:7px"><td></td></tr> <tr><td width="97" height="16" bgcolor="" class="LangNotSel"><a href="javascript:bilsubmit('3');">French-English</a></td></tr> </table> </td> <td width="20"></td> <td> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr><td width="97" height="16" class="LangNotSel"><a href="javascript:bilsubmit('4');">English-German</a></td></tr> <tr style="height:7px"><td></td></tr> <tr><td width="97" height="16" bgcolor="" class="LangNotSel"><a href="javascript:bilsubmit('5');">German-English</a></td></tr> </table> </td> <td width="20"></td> <td> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr><td width="97" height="16" class="LangNotSel"><a href="javascript:bilsubmit('6');">English-Italian</a></td></tr> <tr style="height:7px"><td></td></tr> <tr><td width="97" height="16" bgcolor="" class="LangNotSel"><a href="javascript:bilsubmit('7');">Italian-English</a></td></tr> </table> </td> <td width="20"></td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <img height="15" alt="" border="0" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr valign="middle"> <td valign="top"> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td height="10"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <img height="65" width="100" border="0" alt="" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/Dictionary/dictionary_sm2.gif"> </td> </tr> </table> </td> <td width="15"> <img width="15" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif" alt=""></td> <td valign="top" height="65"> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="3" class="Branding" valign="top"> Encarta <font color="#000000"><b> Language Translations</b></font> are available exclusively to MSN Encarta Premium subscribers. You can translate words from English to Spanish, French, German, and Italian -- and back again! Learn more... </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" height="15"> <img height="15" alt="" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" height="10"> <img height="10" alt="" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="height: 3px" bgcolor="#b44540"> <img style="height: 3px" alt="" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" height="8" class="Transit"> <img height="8" alt="" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" height="20"> <img height="20" alt="" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="210" valign="top"> <table width="210" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr><td> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td height="100%" bgcolor="#e8c7c5" width="1"> </td> <td valign="top"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td height="1" bgcolor="#e8c7c5" colspan="3" width="100%"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="WordOfTheDayTitle" valign="middle" align="left"> <img width="6" border="0" alt="" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"> <span id="bilingualAlsoWorthAClickTitle">Also Worth a Click</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="1" bgcolor="#e8c7c5" colspan="3" width="100%"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr><td height="13"></td></tr><tr><td width="6"><img width="6" border="0" alt="" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td><td width="2" valign="middle"><img width="2" height="2" border="0" alt="" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/dictionary/wdbullet.gif"></td><td width="5"><img width="5" border="0" alt="" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td><td valign="top"><span class="WordOfTheDayGray"><a href=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://translator.live.com/" target="_new">Translate text or web pages</a></a></span></td></tr><tr><td height="13"></td></tr><tr><td width="6"><img width="6" border="0" alt="" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td><td width="2" valign="middle"><img width="2" height="2" border="0" alt="" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/dictionary/wdbullet.gif"></td><td width="5"><img width="5" border="0" alt="" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td><td valign="top"><span class="WordOfTheDayGray"><a href="/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/Departments/College/?article=OnlineProfilesFactorInCollegeAdmissions">Online profiles factor into college admissions</a></span></td></tr><tr><td height="13"></td></tr><tr><td width="6"><img width="6" border="0" alt="" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td><td width="2" valign="middle"><img width="2" height="2" border="0" alt="" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/dictionary/wdbullet.gif"></td><td width="5"><img width="5" border="0" alt="" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td><td valign="top"><span class="WordOfTheDayGray"><a href="/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/Departments/Elementary/?article=ParentsFromMars">Parents are from Mars, teachers are from Venus</a></span></td></tr><tr><td height="13"></td></tr><tr><td width="6"><img width="6" border="0" alt="" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td><td width="2" valign="middle"><img width="2" height="2" border="0" alt="" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/dictionary/wdbullet.gif"></td><td width="5"><img width="5" border="0" alt="" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td><td valign="top"><span class="WordOfTheDayGray"><a href="/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/Departments/eLearning/?article=LiberalArtsLaughing">Liberal arts grads laughing all the way to the bank</a></span></td></tr><tr><td height="13"></td></tr><tr><td width="6"><img width="6" border="0" alt="" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td><td width="2" valign="middle"><img width="2" height="2" border="0" alt="" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/dictionary/wdbullet.gif"></td><td width="5"><img width="5" border="0" alt="" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td><td valign="top"><span class="WordOfTheDayGray"><a href="/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/Departments/AdultLearning/?article=RecyclableDegree">Is your degree recyclable?</a></span></td></tr><tr><td height="13"></td></tr><tr><td width="6"><img width="6" border="0" alt="" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td><td width="2" valign="middle"><img width="2" height="2" border="0" alt="" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/dictionary/wdbullet.gif"></td><td width="5"><img width="5" border="0" alt="" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td><td valign="top"><span class="WordOfTheDayGray"><a href="/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/quiz_294/dance_craze_quiz.html">Dance Craze Quiz</a></span></td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="20"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="1" bgcolor="#e8c7c5" colspan="3" width="100%"> </td> </tr> </table> </td> <td height="100%" bgcolor="#e8c7c5" width="1"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="20"> </td> </tr> </table> </td></tr> <tr> <td height="20"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" colspan="3"> </td> </tr> </table> </td> <td width="6"> <img width="6" alt="" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td> <td width="232" valign="top"> <div style="background-color: #e7eff8;"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td height="7"><img height="7" border="0" alt="" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td></tr><tr align="left" valign="top"><td align="left" class="ContentPolicyTitle"><img width="7" border="0" alt="" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif">Our Content Policy</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><img height="7" border="0" alt="" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td></tr></table><table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td colspan="2" height="1" bgcolor="#ffffff"><img height="1" border="0" alt="" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td></tr><tr><td height="17" colspan="2"><img height="17" border="0" alt="" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td></tr><tr align="left"><td width="12" align="left" rowspan="3"><img width="12" border="0" alt="" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td><td align="left" class="ContentPolicyBody">Encarta takes seriously its responsibility both to encourage learning and to respect the role of parents in their children's education. We have rated our dictionary content according to the guidelines of the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://www.icra.org/">Internet Content Rating Association (ICRA)</a>. You can set your Internet browser to help block potentially objectionable material, including dictionary entries that may be considered offensive.<br><br>See our <a href="javascript:DoHelp();">Help topic</a> for more information on the parental control features available.</td></tr><tr><td height="15"><img height="15" border="0" alt="" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td></tr><tr><td height="31"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://www.icra.org/"><img width="88" height="31" alt="" border="0" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/dictionary/ICRA.gif"></a></td></tr><tr><td height="15" colspan="2"><img height="15" border="0" alt="" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td></tr></table> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> <td width="11" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <img src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif" width="11" alt=""></td> <td valign="top" height="100%" width="300"> <table width="300" style="height:100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="promocolumn"> <tr> <td id="promocolumn_promoContentArea" valign="top" width="300"> <div class="ModAdDiv"> <div class="adtext">Advertisement</div> <img height="2" width="1" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif" alt=""><br> <script type="text/javascript">dap("&PG=ENC9AI&AP=1089",300,250);</script> </div> <table width="100%" bgcolor="#ffffff" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td valign="top" width="10"><img height="1" width="10" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif" alt=""></td> <td valign="top" width="198"><img height="1" width="198" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif" alt=""></td> <td valign="top" width="10"><img height="1" width="10" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif" alt=""></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" class="moduletitle" bgcolor="#f1efef" style="padding-left:10;filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Gradient(gradientType=1,startColorStr=#f1efef,endColorStr=#ffffff)">Also on Encarta</td> </tr> <tr><td width="100%" height="9" colspan="3"><img alt="" height="9" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="3"> <table style="border-color:red" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0" bgcolor=""> <tr> <td class="promomodule" align="left"></td> <td width="9"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="promolink" align="left"><table border="0" style="border-color:green" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" class="modulebullet">• </td><td width="100%"><a class="modulelink" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.englishtown.com/Sp/portal.aspx?art1=149-vocab&etag=E01624" title="">10 tips for building your English vocabulary</a></td><td width="9"></td></tr><tr> <td height="9" colspan="3" width="100%"><img alt="" height="9" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td></tr></table><table border="0" style="border-color:green" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" class="modulebullet">• </td><td width="100%"><a class="modulelink" href="/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/departments/elearning/?article=alternativestothemba" title="">Alternatives to the M.B.A.</a></td><td width="9"></td></tr><tr> <td height="9" colspan="3" width="100%"><img alt="" height="9" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td></tr></table><table border="0" style="border-color:green" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" class="modulebullet">• </td><td width="100%"><a class="modulelink" href="/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/Departments/Elementary/?article=GPSforStudents" title="">GPS for students</a></td><td width="9"></td></tr><tr> <td height="9" colspan="3" width="100%"><img alt="" height="9" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td></tr></table><table border="0" style="border-color:green" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" class="modulebullet">• </td><td width="100%"><a class="modulelink" href="/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/Departments/College/?article=SavingForCollege" title="">Saving for college</a></td><td width="9"></td></tr><tr> <td height="9" colspan="3" width="100%"><img alt="" height="9" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td></tr></table><table border="0" style="border-color:green" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" class="modulebullet">• </td><td width="100%"><a class="modulelink" href="/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/quiz_297/presidential_myths_quiz.html" title="">Presidential Myths Quiz</a></td><td width="9"></td></tr><tr> <td height="9" colspan="3" width="100%"><img alt="" height="9" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td></tr></table><table border="0" style="border-color:green" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" class="modulebullet">• </td><td width="100%"><a class="modulelink" href="/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/departments/education_1/" title="">Coffee break: Recharge your brain</a></td><td width="9"></td></tr></table></td> <td><img alt="" width="4" height="1" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td> </tr> </table> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="3" width="100%" height="20"><img alt="" height="20" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td></tr> </table> <table width="100%" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr bgcolor="#e5e5e5"> <td valign="top" width="8" height="1"></td> <td valign="top" width="198" height="1"></td> <td valign="top" width="8" height="1"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" class="moduletitle" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="padding-left:8;filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Gradient(gradientType=1,startColorStr=#FFFFFF,endColorStr=#FFFFFF)"></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="3" style="padding-left:8px;padding-right:4px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%"><tr><td rowspan="4"></td><td></td><td rowspan="4"></td></tr><tr> <td height="9" width="100%"><img alt="" height="9" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td></tr><tr><td class="moduletext" align="left" valign="top"><table align="left" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.englishtown.com/sp/brochure.aspx?ctr=us_en&lng=en&etag=E01616"><img src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/othermedia/adultlearning/april_external250x60b_s.gif" alt="Englishtown: Learn English online" width="250" height="60" border="0"></a></td><td><img height="1" width="8" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif" alt=""></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><img height="8" width="1" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif" alt=""></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><img height="20" width="1" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif" alt=""></td></tr></table></td></tr> </table> <table width="100%" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td valign="top" width="10"><img height="1" width="10" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif" alt=""></td> <td valign="top" width="198"><img height="1" width="198" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif" alt=""></td> <td valign="top" width="10"><img height="1" width="10" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif" alt=""></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" class="moduletitle" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="padding-left:10;filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Gradient(gradientType=1,startColorStr=#FFFFFF,endColorStr=#FFFFFF)">Our Partners</td> </tr> <tr><td width="100%" height="9" colspan="3"><img alt="" height="9" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="3"> <table style="border-color:red" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0" bgcolor=""> <tr> <td class="promomodule" align="left"></td> <td width="9"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="promolink" align="left"><table border="0" style="border-color:green" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" class="modulebullet">• </td><td width="100%"><a class="modulelink" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://click.linksynergy.com/fs-bin/click?id=by4zLLjCoxw&offerid=132628.10000007&type=3&subid=0" title="ApplyWise Online College Admissions Counseling">ApplyWise Online College Admissions Counseling</a></td><td width="9"></td></tr><tr> <td height="9" colspan="3" width="100%"><img alt="" height="9" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td></tr></table><table border="0" style="border-color:green" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" class="modulebullet">• </td><td width="100%"><a class="modulelink" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://g.msn.com/0ENNAELF/rev_ourpartners" title="Test prep &amp; admissions">The Princeton Review</a></td><td width="9"></td></tr><tr> <td height="9" colspan="3" width="100%"><img alt="" height="9" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td></tr></table><table border="0" style="border-color:green" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" class="modulebullet">• </td><td width="100%"><a class="modulelink" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://www.tutor.com/default.aspx?utm_campaign=MSNENCAR&utm_source=MSNENLOG&utm_content=&utm_term=&utm_medium=wbst" title="Tutor.com: Live Help When You Get Stuck">Tutor.com: Live Help When You Get Stuck</a></td><td width="9"></td></tr></table></td> <td><img alt="" width="4" height="1" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td> </tr> </table> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="3" width="100%" height="20"><img alt="" height="20" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td></tr> </table> <table width="100%" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td valign="top" width="10"><img height="1" width="10" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif" alt=""></td> <td valign="top" width="198"><img height="1" width="198" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif" alt=""></td> <td valign="top" width="10"><img height="1" width="10" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif" alt=""></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" class="moduletitle" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="padding-left:10;filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Gradient(gradientType=1,startColorStr=#FFFFFF,endColorStr=#FFFFFF)">Also on MSN</td> </tr> <tr><td width="100%" height="9" colspan="3"><img alt="" height="9" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="3"> <table style="border-color:red" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0" bgcolor=""> <tr> <td class="promomodule" align="left"></td> <td width="9"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="promolink" align="left"><table border="0" style="border-color:green" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" class="modulebullet">• </td><td width="100%"><a class="modulelink" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://science.discovery.com/brink/brink.html?campaign=w01-104-ae-0010" title="">"Brink": cutting-edge scientific discoveries on the Science Channel</a></td><td width="9"></td></tr><tr> <td height="9" colspan="3" width="100%"><img alt="" height="9" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td></tr></table><table border="0" style="border-color:green" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" class="modulebullet">• </td><td width="100%"><a class="modulelink" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://shopping.msn.com/content/shp/?ctID=402&ptnrid=8&ptnrdata=23998" title="">MSN Shopping: Best books for the season</a></td><td width="9"></td></tr><tr> <td height="9" colspan="3" width="100%"><img alt="" height="9" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td></tr></table><table border="0" style="border-color:green" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" class="modulebullet">• </td><td width="100%"><a class="modulelink" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://msn.careerbuilder.com/custom/msn/careeradvice/viewarticle.aspx?articleid=615&SiteId=cbmsnle4615&sc_extcmp=JS_615_learning1" title="">MSN Careers: Nail that job interview</a></td><td width="9"></td></tr><tr> <td height="9" colspan="3" width="100%"><img alt="" height="9" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td></tr></table><table border="0" style="border-color:green" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" class="modulebullet">• </td><td width="100%"><a class="modulelink" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/" title="">Today's news on MSNBC</a></td><td width="9"></td></tr></table></td> <td><img alt="" width="4" height="1" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td> </tr> </table> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="3" width="100%" height="20"><img alt="" height="20" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td></tr> </table> <table width="100%" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr bgcolor="#e5e5e5"> <td valign="top" width="8" height="1"></td> <td valign="top" width="198" height="1"></td> <td valign="top" width="8" height="1"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" class="moduletitle" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="padding-left:8;filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Gradient(gradientType=1,startColorStr=#FFFFFF,endColorStr=#FFFFFF)"></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="3" style="padding-left:8px;padding-right:4px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%"><tr><td rowspan="4"></td><td></td><td rowspan="4"></td></tr><tr> <td height="9" width="100%"><img alt="" height="9" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td></tr><tr><td class="moduletext" align="left" valign="top"><table align="left" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><a href="/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/departments/MessageBoards/boards.aspx"><img src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/othermedia/features/MB_module_270x70.jpg" alt="Encarta Message Boards (漏 Rubberball/Jupiterimages)" width="280" height="70" border="0"></a></td><td><img height="1" width="8" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif" alt=""></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><img height="8" width="1" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif" alt=""></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><img height="20" width="1" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif" alt=""></td></tr></table></td></tr> </table> <table width="100%" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td valign="top" width="10"><img height="1" width="10" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif" alt=""></td> <td valign="top" width="198"><img height="1" width="198" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif" alt=""></td> <td valign="top" width="10"><img height="1" width="10" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif" alt=""></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" class="moduletitle" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="padding-left:10;filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Gradient(gradientType=1,startColorStr=#FFFFFF,endColorStr=#FFFFFF)">MSN Shopping</td> </tr> <tr><td width="100%" height="9" colspan="3"><img alt="" height="9" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="3">  <script type="text/javascript"> var fSucceed = false; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010js_/http://shopping.msn.com/i/ptnrContent.aspx?ptnrId=8&ptnrData=74682&mapKey=74682"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> if (!fSucceed) { document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://shopping.msn.com/i/ptnrContent.aspx?ptnrId=8&ptnrData=74682&mapKey=74282" ><\/script>'); } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> if (!fSucceed) { document.write('<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://shopping.msn.com"><font size="1" family="Verdana">MSN Shopping<\/font><\/a>'); } </script>  </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="3" width="100%" height="20"><img alt="" height="20" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td></tr> </table> <table width="100%" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr bgcolor="#e5e5e5"> <td valign="top" width="8" height="1"></td> <td valign="top" width="198" height="1"></td> <td valign="top" width="8" height="1"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" class="moduletitle" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="padding-left:8;filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Gradient(gradientType=1,startColorStr=#FFFFFF,endColorStr=#FFFFFF)"></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="3" style="padding-left:8px;padding-right:4px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%"><tr><td rowspan="4"></td><td></td><td rowspan="4"></td></tr><tr> <td height="9" width="100%"><img alt="" height="9" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td></tr><tr><td class="moduletext" align="left" valign="top"><table align="left" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><a href="/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/feeds/RssCenter.aspx"><img src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/othermedia/Marketing/RSS_button_Aqua-whitetxt_280x31.jpg" alt="Encarta RSS Feeds" width="280" height="31" border="0"></a></td><td><img height="1" width="8" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif" alt=""></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><img height="8" width="1" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif" alt=""></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><img height="20" width="1" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif" alt=""></td></tr></table></td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="100%" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <img alt="" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" height="15"> <img height="15" alt="" border="0" src="/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/trans.gif"></td> </tr> </table> <table width="770" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td>  <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td><div id="foot"><ul id="legal"><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://g.msn.com/0nwenus0/AQ/20">MSN Privacy</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://g.msn.com/0nwenus0/AQ/18">Legal</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://g.msn.com/0nwenus0/AQ/19">Advertise</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/newsletter/default.aspx">Newsletter</a></li><li class="last"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/worldwide.aspx">Worldwide</a></li></ul><ul id="support"><li><a href="javascript:OnFeedbackClickHandler()">Feedback</a></li><li class="last"><a href="javascript:DoHelp();">Help</a></li></ul></div><div class="logocontright"><span class="copyright">© 2008 Microsoft</span><img alt="" class="logosep" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/footer/ms_logo_sep.jpg" align="absmiddle"><img alt="" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010im_/http://encarta.msn.com/xImages/footer/ms_logo.gif" align="absmiddle"></div> <script type="text/javascript" language="Javascript"> function OnFeedbackClickHandler() { var count = 1; var p1=escape(document.location.href); var p2; try { do { count++; } while ( (count < 10) && (document.all[count].nodeName != "TITLE") ) if (count == 10) p2=""; else p2=escape(sublSpcs(document.all[count].innerText)); } catch(ex)//e.g. NS6+,Safari1.0 { p2=""; } window.open("https://web.archive.org/web/20081208125010/http://g.msn.com/0ENNAD/Feedback_ENUS" + "?P1=" + p1 + "&P2=" + p2); } function sublSpcs(s) { var re=/ /g; return s.replace(re,"_"); } </script></td> </tr> <tr> <td height="5"></td> </tr> </table> <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript"> var userAgent = navigator.userAgent; if((userAgent.indexOf("MSIE 5.0") > 0) || ((userAgent.indexOf("MSIE 5") > 0) && (userAgent.indexOf("Mac") > 0))) { try { document.all.ovtrfrm.height = 400; } catch(err) {} } </script>  </td> </tr> </table> </body> </html>