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<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="no-js" lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11" /> <link rel="pingback" href="https://quackwatch.org/xmlrpc.php" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.typekit.net/lmm6ycy.css"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://cdn.centerforinquiry.org/uploads/apple-icons/centerforinquiry/touch-icon-iphone-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="https://cdn.centerforinquiry.org/uploads/apple-icons/centerforinquiry/touch-icon-ipad-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="https://cdn.centerforinquiry.org/uploads/apple-icons/centerforinquiry/touch-icon-iphone-retina-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="https://cdn.centerforinquiry.org/uploads/apple-icons/centerforinquiry/touch-icon-ipad-retina-152x152.png">  <title>Home Page | Quackwatch</title> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//centerforinquiry.org' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.googletagmanager.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Quackwatch » Feed" href="https://quackwatch.org/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Quackwatch » Comments Feed" href="https://quackwatch.org/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Quackwatch » Home Page Comments Feed" href="https://quackwatch.org/quackwatch/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"wpemoji":"https:\/\/quackwatch.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji.js?ver=6.6.2","twemoji":"https:\/\/quackwatch.org\/wp-includes\/js\/twemoji.js?ver=6.6.2"}}; /** * @output wp-includes/js/wp-emoji-loader.js */ /** * Emoji Settings as exported in PHP via _print_emoji_detection_script(). * @typedef WPEmojiSettings * @type {object} * @property {?object} source * @property {?string} source.concatemoji * @property {?string} source.twemoji * @property {?string} source.wpemoji * @property {?boolean} DOMReady * @property {?Function} readyCallback */ /** * Support tests. * @typedef SupportTests * @type {object} * @property {?boolean} flag * @property {?boolean} emoji */ /** * IIFE to detect emoji support and load Twemoji if needed. * * @param {Window} window * @param {Document} document * @param {WPEmojiSettings} settings */ ( function wpEmojiLoader( window, document, settings ) { if ( typeof Promise === 'undefined' ) { return; } var sessionStorageKey = 'wpEmojiSettingsSupports'; var tests = [ 'flag', 'emoji' ]; /** * Checks whether the browser supports offloading to a Worker. * * @since 6.3.0 * * @private * * @returns {boolean} */ function supportsWorkerOffloading() { return ( typeof Worker !== 'undefined' && typeof OffscreenCanvas !== 'undefined' && typeof URL !== 'undefined' && URL.createObjectURL && typeof Blob !== 'undefined' ); } /** * @typedef SessionSupportTests * @type {object} * @property {number} timestamp * @property {SupportTests} supportTests */ /** * Get support tests from session. * * @since 6.3.0 * * @private * * @returns {?SupportTests} Support tests, or null if not set or older than 1 week. */ function getSessionSupportTests() { try { /** @type {SessionSupportTests} */ var item = JSON.parse( sessionStorage.getItem( sessionStorageKey ) ); if ( typeof item === 'object' && typeof item.timestamp === 'number' && new Date().valueOf() < item.timestamp + 604800 && // Note: Number is a week in seconds. typeof item.supportTests === 'object' ) { return item.supportTests; } } catch ( e ) {} return null; } /** * Persist the supports in session storage. * * @since 6.3.0 * * @private * * @param {SupportTests} supportTests Support tests. */ function setSessionSupportTests( supportTests ) { try { /** @type {SessionSupportTests} */ var item = { supportTests: supportTests, timestamp: new Date().valueOf() }; sessionStorage.setItem( sessionStorageKey, JSON.stringify( item ) ); } catch ( e ) {} } /** * Checks if two sets of Emoji characters render the same visually. * * This function may be serialized to run in a Worker. Therefore, it cannot refer to variables from the containing * scope. Everything must be passed by parameters. * * @since 4.9.0 * * @private * * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} context 2D Context. * @param {string} set1 Set of Emoji to test. * @param {string} set2 Set of Emoji to test. * * @return {boolean} True if the two sets render the same. */ function emojiSetsRenderIdentically( context, set1, set2 ) { // Cleanup from previous test. context.clearRect( 0, 0, context.canvas.width, context.canvas.height ); context.fillText( set1, 0, 0 ); var rendered1 = new Uint32Array( context.getImageData( 0, 0, context.canvas.width, context.canvas.height ).data ); // Cleanup from previous test. context.clearRect( 0, 0, context.canvas.width, context.canvas.height ); context.fillText( set2, 0, 0 ); var rendered2 = new Uint32Array( context.getImageData( 0, 0, context.canvas.width, context.canvas.height ).data ); return rendered1.every( function ( rendered2Data, index ) { return rendered2Data === rendered2[ index ]; } ); } /** * Determines if the browser properly renders Emoji that Twemoji can supplement. * * This function may be serialized to run in a Worker. Therefore, it cannot refer to variables from the containing * scope. Everything must be passed by parameters. * * @since 4.2.0 * * @private * * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} context 2D Context. * @param {string} type Whether to test for support of "flag" or "emoji". * @param {Function} emojiSetsRenderIdentically Reference to emojiSetsRenderIdentically function, needed due to minification. * * @return {boolean} True if the browser can render emoji, false if it cannot. */ function browserSupportsEmoji( context, type, emojiSetsRenderIdentically ) { var isIdentical; switch ( type ) { case 'flag': /* * Test for Transgender flag compatibility. Added in Unicode 13. * * To test for support, we try to render it, and compare the rendering to how it would look if * the browser doesn't render it correctly (white flag emoji + transgender symbol). */ isIdentical = emojiSetsRenderIdentically( context, '\uD83C\uDFF3\uFE0F\u200D\u26A7\uFE0F', // as a zero-width joiner sequence '\uD83C\uDFF3\uFE0F\u200B\u26A7\uFE0F' // separated by a zero-width space ); if ( isIdentical ) { return false; } /* * Test for UN flag compatibility. This is the least supported of the letter locale flags, * so gives us an easy test for full support. * * To test for support, we try to render it, and compare the rendering to how it would look if * the browser doesn't render it correctly ([U] + [N]). */ isIdentical = emojiSetsRenderIdentically( context, '\uD83C\uDDFA\uD83C\uDDF3', // as the sequence of two code points '\uD83C\uDDFA\u200B\uD83C\uDDF3' // as the two code points separated by a zero-width space ); if ( isIdentical ) { return false; } /* * Test for English flag compatibility. England is a country in the United Kingdom, it * does not have a two letter locale code but rather a five letter sub-division code. * * To test for support, we try to render it, and compare the rendering to how it would look if * the browser doesn't render it correctly (black flag emoji + [G] + [B] + [E] + [N] + [G]). */ isIdentical = emojiSetsRenderIdentically( context, // as the flag sequence '\uD83C\uDFF4\uDB40\uDC67\uDB40\uDC62\uDB40\uDC65\uDB40\uDC6E\uDB40\uDC67\uDB40\uDC7F', // with each code point separated by a zero-width space '\uD83C\uDFF4\u200B\uDB40\uDC67\u200B\uDB40\uDC62\u200B\uDB40\uDC65\u200B\uDB40\uDC6E\u200B\uDB40\uDC67\u200B\uDB40\uDC7F' ); return ! isIdentical; case 'emoji': /* * Four and twenty blackbirds baked in a pie. * * To test for Emoji 15.0 support, try to render a new emoji: Blackbird. * * The Blackbird is a ZWJ sequence combining 🐦 Bird and ⬛ large black square., * * 0x1F426 (\uD83D\uDC26) == Bird * 0x200D == Zero-Width Joiner (ZWJ) that links the code points for the new emoji or * 0x200B == Zero-Width Space (ZWS) that is rendered for clients not supporting the new emoji. * 0x2B1B == Large Black Square * * When updating this test for future Emoji releases, ensure that individual emoji that make up the * sequence come from older emoji standards. */ isIdentical = emojiSetsRenderIdentically( context, '\uD83D\uDC26\u200D\u2B1B', // as the zero-width joiner sequence '\uD83D\uDC26\u200B\u2B1B' // separated by a zero-width space ); return ! isIdentical; } return false; } /** * Checks emoji support tests. * * This function may be serialized to run in a Worker. Therefore, it cannot refer to variables from the containing * scope. Everything must be passed by parameters. * * @since 6.3.0 * * @private * * @param {string[]} tests Tests. * @param {Function} browserSupportsEmoji Reference to browserSupportsEmoji function, needed due to minification. * @param {Function} emojiSetsRenderIdentically Reference to emojiSetsRenderIdentically function, needed due to minification. * * @return {SupportTests} Support tests. */ function testEmojiSupports( tests, browserSupportsEmoji, emojiSetsRenderIdentically ) { var canvas; if ( typeof WorkerGlobalScope !== 'undefined' && self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope ) { canvas = new OffscreenCanvas( 300, 150 ); // Dimensions are default for HTMLCanvasElement. } else { canvas = document.createElement( 'canvas' ); } var context = canvas.getContext( '2d', { willReadFrequently: true } ); /* * Chrome on OS X added native emoji rendering in M41. Unfortunately, * it doesn't work when the font is bolder than 500 weight. So, we * check for bold rendering support to avoid invisible emoji in Chrome. */ context.textBaseline = 'top'; context.font = '600 32px Arial'; var supports = {}; tests.forEach( function ( test ) { supports[ test ] = browserSupportsEmoji( context, test, emojiSetsRenderIdentically ); } ); return supports; } /** * Adds a script to the head of the document. * * @ignore * * @since 4.2.0 * * @param {string} src The url where the script is located. * * @return {void} */ function addScript( src ) { var script = document.createElement( 'script' ); script.src = src; script.defer = true; document.head.appendChild( script ); } settings.supports = { everything: true, everythingExceptFlag: true }; // Create a promise for DOMContentLoaded since the worker logic may finish after the event has fired. var domReadyPromise = new Promise( function ( resolve ) { document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', resolve, { once: true } ); } ); // Obtain the emoji support from the browser, asynchronously when possible. new Promise( function ( resolve ) { var supportTests = getSessionSupportTests(); if ( supportTests ) { resolve( supportTests ); return; } if ( supportsWorkerOffloading() ) { try { // Note that the functions are being passed as arguments due to minification. var workerScript = 'postMessage(' + testEmojiSupports.toString() + '(' + [ JSON.stringify( tests ), browserSupportsEmoji.toString(), emojiSetsRenderIdentically.toString() ].join( ',' ) + '));'; var blob = new Blob( [ workerScript ], { type: 'text/javascript' } ); var worker = new Worker( URL.createObjectURL( blob ), { name: 'wpTestEmojiSupports' } ); worker.onmessage = function ( event ) { supportTests = event.data; setSessionSupportTests( supportTests ); worker.terminate(); resolve( supportTests ); }; return; } catch ( e ) {} } supportTests = testEmojiSupports( tests, browserSupportsEmoji, emojiSetsRenderIdentically ); setSessionSupportTests( supportTests ); resolve( supportTests ); } ) // Once the browser emoji support has been obtained from the session, finalize the settings. .then( function ( supportTests ) { /* * Tests the browser support for flag emojis and other emojis, and adjusts the * support settings accordingly. */ for ( var test in supportTests ) { settings.supports[ test ] = supportTests[ test ]; settings.supports.everything = settings.supports.everything && settings.supports[ test ]; if ( 'flag' !== test ) { settings.supports.everythingExceptFlag = settings.supports.everythingExceptFlag && settings.supports[ test ]; } } settings.supports.everythingExceptFlag = settings.supports.everythingExceptFlag && ! settings.supports.flag; // Sets DOMReady to false and assigns a ready function to settings. settings.DOMReady = false; settings.readyCallback = function () { settings.DOMReady = true; }; } ) .then( function () { return domReadyPromise; } ) .then( function () { // When the browser can not render everything we need to load a polyfill. if ( ! settings.supports.everything ) { settings.readyCallback(); var src = settings.source || {}; if ( src.concatemoji ) { addScript( src.concatemoji ); } else if ( src.wpemoji && src.twemoji ) { addScript( src.twemoji ); addScript( src.wpemoji ); } } } ); } )( window, document, window._wpemojiSettings ); /* ]]> */ </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://quackwatch.org/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.css?ver=6.6.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-library-theme-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){ color:#555; font-size:13px; text-align:center; } .is-dark-theme .wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){ 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The sites focus on health frauds, myths, fads, fallacies, and misconduct. Their main goal is to provide <a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/quackdef.html">quackery</a>-related information that is difficult or impossible to get elsewhere. To help visitors with special areas of interest, there are sites that cover autism, chiropractic, dentistry, multilevel marketing, and many other problematic areas. The Internet Health Pilot site provides links to hundreds of reliable health sites. Casewatch contains a large library of legal cases, licensing board actions, government sanctions, and regulatory actions against questionable medical products. All of these can be accessed through the “Visit Our Affiliated Sites” drop-down menu above. Their contents can be searched all at once through our search page</span><span class="redbold"><em>. </em>We also offer a <a href="http://lists.quackwatch.org/mailman/listinfo/healthfraud_lists.quackwatch.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Health Fraud Discussion List</a> with more than 550 members and <a href="http://www.quackwatch.org/00AboutQuackwatch/chd.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Consumer Health Digest</a>, a free weekly e-mail newsletter that summarizes scientific reports, legislative developments, enforcement actions, and other information relevant to consumer protection and consumer decision-making. Its primary focus is on health, but occasionally it includes non-health scams.</span></p> <h5>About Quackwatch</h5> <ul> <li><a href="/about/mission/">Mission Statement</a></li> <li><a href="/00AboutQuackwatch/navigate.html">Tips for Navigating Our Web Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/00AboutQuackwatch/faq2.html">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)</a></li> <li><a href="/00AboutQuackwatch/funding.html">Who Funds Quackwatch</a>?</li> <li><a href="http://www.badcredit.org/news/quackwatch-acts-as-a-healthcare-watchdog-for-avoiding-costly-fads/">Quackwatch Acts as a Healthcare Watchdog</a> (badcredit.org)</li> <li><a href="https://www.datingnews.com/daters-pulse/quackwatch-debunks-health-related-frauds-impacting-couples/">Quackwatch Compiles Trustworthy Information</a> (DatingNews.com)</li> <li><a href="https://www.cardrates.com/news/quackwatch-protects-against-questionable-healthcare-claims-and-their-financial-implications/">Quackwatch: Vigilance Against Questionable Healthcare Claims and Their Financial Implications</a> (cardrates.com)</li> <li><a href="/09Advisors/advbd.html">How to Become a Quackwatch Advisor</a></li> <li><a href="/00AboutQuackwatch/Awards/awards.html">Honors and Awards (70+) Given to Quackwatch</a></li> <li><a href="/00AboutQuackwatch/comments.html">Cheers and Jeers from Quackwatch Visitors</a></li> <li><a href="/00AboutQuackwatch/nasty.html">More Nasty Comments Sent to Quackwatch</a></li> <li><a href="/00AboutQuackwatch/altseek.html">Special Message for Cancer Patients Seeking Alternative Treatment</a></li> <li><a href="http://lists.quackwatch.org/mailman/listinfo/healthfraud_lists.quackwatch.org">Join the Health Fraud Discussion List</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.sceptiques.qc.ca/quackwatch/">Quackwatch en Français</a></li> <li><a href="http://verificiencia.com/quackwatch.html"><span lang="es"><span title="">Índice de traducciones al español</span></span></a></li> </ul> <h5>About Dr. Barrett</h5> <ul> <li><a href="/bio/">Biographical Sketch and Contact Information</a></li> <li><a href="/10Bio/biovitae.html">Curriculum Vitae</a></li> <li><a href="/10Bio/biobooks.html">Books and Book Chapters</a></li> <li><a href="/about/faq/">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)</a></li> <li><a href="https://centerforinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/quackwatch/apa_news.pdf">Attacking ‘Health Robbers’ (American Psychiatric News, 1977)</a></li> <li><a href="/10Bio/psychiatric_times.html">Psychiatric Times article (1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/10Bio/biography.html">Biography Magazine Interview</a></li> <li><a href="/10Bio/medhunters.html">MEDHUNTERS magazine article</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.datingadvice.com/for-men/quackwatch-explains-how-health-misinformation-can-affect-relationships">DatingAdvice.com article</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20127436,00.html">People Magazine article</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1101010430-107254,00.html">TIME Magazine article</a></li> <li><a href="http://paulgibbons.net/podcast/quackery-chiropractic-health-fraud/">Paul Gibbons Podcast Interview</a></li> <li><a href="http://skepticzone.libsyn.com/the-skeptic-zone-514-26august2018">Skeptics Zone Podcast Interview</a></li> <li><a href="https://quackwatch.org/bio/my-private-war-against-the-tobacco-industry/">Dr. Barrett’s “Private War” against the Tobacco Industry</a></li> </ul> <h5>General Observations</h5> <ul> <li class="feature2">Quackery <ul> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/quackdef.html">How Should It Be Defined?</a> (updated 1/17/09)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/quacksell.html">How It Sells</a> (updated 1/20/05) <span class="feature">FEATURE</span></li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/spotquack.html">29 Ways to Spot It</a> (updated 1/14/22) <span class="feature">FEATURE</span></li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/harmquack.html">How It Harms Cancer Patients</a> (posted 5/29/97)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/hfreedom.html">“Health Freedom”</a> (updated 9/27/97)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/ploys.html">More Ploys That May Fool You</a> (updated 8/12/18)</li> <li><a href="https://quackwatch.org/the-semantics-of-quackery/">The Semantics of Quackery</a> (posted 7/28/22)</li> <li><a href="/06ResearchProjects/ploys.html">“Research” Associated with Promotion of Questionable Methods</a> (updated 1/31/08) <span class="feature">FEATURE</span></li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/signs.html">Seven Warning Signs of Bogus Science</a> (posted 3/5/03)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/miscon.html">Common Misconceptions</a> (updated 8/30/99)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/quackvul.html">Why People Are Vulnerable</a> (updated 1/16/19)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/ideomotor.html">How People Are Fooled by Ideomotor Action</a> (posted 8/26/03)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/endorsements.html">Endorsements Don’t Guarantee Reliability</a> (posted 2/12/03)</li> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/coincidence.html">The Power of Coincidence</a> (posted 8/31/00)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/pseudo.html">Distinguishing Science and Pseudoscience</a> (posted 5/30/01)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/russian.html">Why Science Needs to Combat Pseudoscience</a> (posted 12/13/98)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/quackpro.html">Why Health Professionals Become Quacks</a> (posted 12/11/98)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/epidemic.html">Epidemic Quackery (James Harvey Young, 1978</a>) (posted 7/17/18)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/persistance.html">Why Quackery Persists</a> (posted 12/7/01)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/Victims/victims.html">Victim Case Reports (47)</a> <span class="feature">FEATURE</span></li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/Nonvictims/nonvictims.html">Nonvictim Case Reports (4)</a></li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/avoid.html">Ten Ways to Avoid Being Quacked</a> (posted 4/24/97)</li> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/BookContents/quackdevice.html">Signs of a Quack Device </a>(posted 9/23/00)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/quackweb.html">Signs of a “Quacky” Web Site</a> (updated 4/10/17)</li> <li><a href="/07PoliticalActivities/quacklaws.html">Pro-Quackery Legislation</a> (updated 5/16/01)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/misccomments.html">Incisive Comments</a> (updated 3/6/11)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/Hearing/witness.html">Senate Hearing on Anti-Aging Quackery</a> (updated 11/11/01)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/ota_myth.html">Debunking the Myth that “Only 10-20% of Medical Procedures Are Proved”</a> (posted 8/12/18)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/propa.html">Propaganda Techniques Related to Environmental Scares</a> (posted 3/10/98)</li> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/placebo.html">Spontaneous Remission and the Placebo Effect </a>(posted 12/19/01)</li> <li><a href="https://quackwatch.org/how-to-become-a-successful-quack/">How to Become a Successful Quack</a> (posted 12/3/20)</li> <li><a href="/07PoliticalActivities/moore.html">Why Strong Laws Are Needed to Protect Us</a> (updated 11/15/98)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/science.html">Some Notes on the Nature of Science</a> (updated 6/22/01)</li> <li><a href="https://centerforinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/quackwatch/savage.pdf">The Myth of the Healthy Savage</a> (posted 6/13/19)</li> <li><a href="/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/quackwatch/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/quackery_and_you.pdf">Quackery and You (booklet</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://quackwatch.org/related/treatmentindex/">Index of Questionable Treatments</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="feature2">Historic Reports (Mostly Books) <ul> <li><a href="/13Hx/humbug.html">A Historian’s View of Quackery in 1974</a></li> <li><a href="https://centerforinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/quackwatch/health_frauds_and_quackery.pdf">Health Frauds and Quackery (1977 Interview of Dr. Barrett</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/quackwatch/13Hx/quackery_unmasked.pdf">Quackery Unmasked (Dan King, MD, 1858</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://quackwatch.org/hx/american-quackery-how-the-sick-are-imposed-upon-ingenious-swindlers/">American Quackery: How the Sick Are Imposed Upon (1869</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://quackwatch.org/hx/ingenious-quackery/">Ingenious Quackery (1888)</a></li> <li><a href="https://centerforinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/quackwatch/nostrums_1b.pdf">Nostrums and Quackery, Volume I (AMA, 1912</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://centerforinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/quackwatch/nostrums_2.pdf">Nostrums and Quackery Volume II, (AMA, 1921</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://centerforinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/quackwatch/nostrums_3.pdf">Nostrums and Quackery and Pseudomedicine, Volume III</a> (AMA, 1936)</li> <li><a href="https://centerforinquiry.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/2023/12/10195440/medical_follies.pdf">The Medical Follies</a> (AMA, 1925)</li> <li><a href="https://centerforinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/quackwatch/hooker_delusions.pdf">Lessons from the History of Medical Delusions (Worthington Hooker, MD, 1850</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://centerforinquiry.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/2021/02/22170721/third_national_congress_on_medical-quackery.pdf">Third National Congress on Medical Quackery (1966)</a></li> <li><a href="/hx/mm/mm/">The Medical Messiahs: A Social History of Quackery in 20th-Century America</a> <span class="feature">FEATURE</span></li> <li><a href="/hx/tm/tm/">The Toadstool Millionaires: Social History of Patent Medicines before Federal Regulation</a> <span class="feature">FEATURE</span></li> <li><a href="https://centerforinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/quackwatch/health_practices_and_opinions.pdf">FDA Survey of Health Practices and Opinions (1972)</a></li> <li><a href="https://centerforinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/quackwatch/13Hx/comstock_1972.pdf">History of the Comstock Patent Medicine Business and Dr. Morse’s Indian Root Pills</a></li> <li><span class="feature2">Quackery: A $10 Billion Scandal (1984)</span> <a href="https://centerforinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/quackwatch/pepper-report.pdf">[Report</a>] [<a href="https://centerforinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/quackwatch/pepper_hearing.pdf">Congressional Hearing</a>]</li> <li><a href="https://centerforinquiry.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/2020/11/22170752/health_robbers_1976.pdf">The Health Robbers: How to Protect Your Money and Your Life (1976</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://centerforinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/quackwatch/health_robbers_1980.pdf">The Health Robbers: How to Protect Your Money and Your Life (1980</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2595940/pdf/yjbm00123-0099.pdf">“The Foolmaster Who Fooled Them” (James Harvey Young, 1980</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://centerforinquiry.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/2021/03/22170719/vitamins_and_health_foods.pdf">Vitamins and “Health” Foods: The Great American Hustle (1981</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://centerforinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/quackwatch/health_robbers.pdf">The Health Robbers: A Close Look at Quackery in America (1993</a>) <span class="feature">FEATURE</span></li> <li><a href="https://centerforinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/quackwatch/vitamin_pushers.pdf">The Vitamin Pushers: How the “Health Food” Industry Is Selling America a Bill of Goods (1994</a>) <span class="feature">FEATURE</span></li> <li><a href="/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/quackwatch/04ConsumerEducation/health_smarts.pdf">Health Smarts (1990</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/quackwatch/13Hx/nutrition_cultism.pdf">Nutrition Cultism: Facts and Fictions (1983</a>)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h5>Questionable Products, Services, and Theories</h5> <ul> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/acu.html">Acupuncture</a> (updated 12/6/22) <span class="feature">FEATURE</span></li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/aids.html">AIDS-Related Quackery and Fraud</a> (updated 12/5/01)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/algae.html">Algae Products: False Claims and Hype</a> (updated 1/14/07)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/Tests/allergytests.html">Allergies: Dubious Diagnosis and Treatment</a> (updated 1/17/08)</li> <li><span class="feature2">“Alternative,” “Complementary,” and “Integrative” Methods</span> <ul> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/quackdef2.html">Important Definitions</a> (posted 1/3/01)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/altwary.html">Be Wary of “Alternative” “Complementary,” and “Integrative” Health Methods</a> (updated 4/17/17) <span class="feature">FEATURE</span></li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/altmini.html">Miniglossary of “Alternative” Methods</a> (updated 12/31/07)</li> <li><a href="/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/quackwatch/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/alternative_medicine.pdf">A Critical Review (W.T. Jarvis, 2000</a>) (posted 6/15/20)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/altmini.html">“Alternative Medicine as Self-Care</a> (posted 12/1/00)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/altmini.html">Commonly Publicized Methods</a> (updated 12/8/99)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/altbraid.html">The Braid of the ‘Alternative’ Medicine Movement</a> (posted 6/21/01)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/scivsalt.html">Science vs “Alternative” Methods</a> (posted 8/22/97)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/altmed.html">A Public Health Perspective</a> (updated 8/16/99)</li> <li><a href="/11Ind/eisenberg.html">The Eisenberg Data: Flawed and Deceptive</a> (posted 3/16/02)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/extraproof.html">Why Extraordinary Claims Demand Extraordinary Proof</a> (posted 12/26/98)</li> <li>“<a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/altpsych.html">Alternative Medicine” and the Psychology of Belief</a> (posted 6/24/01)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/reality.html">“Postmodern” Attacks on Science and Reality</a> (posted 5/30/98)</li> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/peer.html">Problems with “CAM” Peer Review and Accreditation</a> (revised 6/14/04)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/alteng.html">“Alternative Engineering”: A Postmodern Parable</a> (posted 1/4/00)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/altmc.html">Should Managed Care Companies Cover “Alternative Medicine”?</a> (posted 1/24/99)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/altview.html">Views of a Concerned Layperson</a> (posted 8/23/01)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/cam.html">Additional Thoughts about “CAM” Beliefs</a> (posted 7/24/02)</li> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/newsweek.html">Newsweek’s Misleading Report</a> (revised 7/14/03)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/dictionary/md00.html">Definitions of 1,169 Methods</a> (130-page dictionary posted 5/27/97)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/whcpp.html">White House Commission on Complementary and Alternative Medicine Policy</a> (posted 3/4/02) <span class="feature">FEATURE</span></li> <li><a href="/07PoliticalActivities/whccamp3.html">Detailed Analysis of WHCCAMP Draft Report</a> (updated 3/4/02) <span class="feature">FEATURE</span></li> <li><a href="/07PoliticalActivities/iomreport.html">Institute of Medicine Publishes Dishonest “CAM” Report</a> (posted 1/12/05)</li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/antiagingpp.html">“Antiaging Medicine”</a> (posted 8/26/04)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/aroma.html">Aromatherapy: Making Dollars out of Scents</a> (updated 8/22/01)</li> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/chopra.html">Ayurvedic Mumbo-Jumbo</a> (updated 7/14/12)</li> <li><a href="/pharmacy/strategy/bioidentical.shtml">“Bio-Identical” Hormones</a> (updated 1/19/08)</li> <li><a href="/00AboutQuackwatch/altseek.html">Cancer: Questionable Therapies</a> (index to many articles, updated 9/16/07) <span class="feature">FEATURE</span></li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/blockers.html">“Calorie-Blockers”</a> (posted 7/5/01)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/candida.html">“Candidiasis Hypersensitivity/Yeast Allergy”</a> (updated 10/8/05)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/cellulite.html">“Cellulite” Removers</a> (updated 8/10/00)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/chelation.html">Chelation Therapy</a> (updated 11/9/13) <span class="feature">FEATURE</span></li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/acu.html">Chinese Medicine</a> (updated 1/12/11)</li> <li><span class="feature2">Chiropractic</span>: <span class="feature">FEATURE TOPIC – <a href="/chiropractic/">ALSO VISIT CHIROBASE</a></span> <ul> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/chiro.html">Don’t Be Fooled</a> (updated 7/31/98)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/chirostroke.html">Chiropractic’s Dirty Secret: Neck Manipulation and Strokes</a> (updated 11/26/16)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/chiroad.html">Advertising Gimmicks</a> (posted 5/20/97)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/chironutr.html">Steer Clear of Chiropractic Nutrition</a> (updated 2/28/15))</li> <li>“Chiropractic Pediatrics” (to be posted)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/chirosub.html">Subluxations: Chiropractic’s Elusive Buzzword</a> (updated 7/11/08)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/chiroinv.html">Undercover Investigations</a> (updated 12/12/03)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/chirosell.html">How Chiropractors Oversell Themselves</a> (updated 11/20/98)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/chirovisit.html">My Visit to a “Straight” Chiropractor</a> (updated 9/11/98)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/chiroasst.html">Inside View of a Chiropractic Office</a> (posted 7/14/97)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/Tests/ak.html">Applied Kinesiology</a> (updated 8/23/14)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/Tests/cra.html">Contact Reflex Analysis</a> (updated 8/27/09)</li> <li><a href="/chiropractic/07Strategy/goodchiro.html">What a Rational Chiropractor Can Do for You</a> (link to Chirobase)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/chiroeval.html">Does the Bad Outweigh the Good?</a> (posted 3/23/01)</li> <li><a href="/chiropractic/06DD/chirovet.html">“Veterinary Chiropractic”</a> (link to Chirobase)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/chirovic.html">Chiropractic Victim Support Group</a> (posted 6/13/98)</li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/DSH/colloidalminerals.html">Colloidal Minerals</a> (posted 12/11/98)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/PhonyAds/silverad.html">Colloidal Silver</a> (updated 6/25/21)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/gastro.html">Colon Therapy and Related Quackery</a> (updated 8/4/10)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/cranial.html">Craniosacral Therapy</a> (updated 1/11/18)</li> <li><span class="feature2">Dentistry: Dubious Care</span> <ul> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/holisticdent.html">“Holistic Dentistry” / “Biologic Dentistry”</a> (updated 8/1/18)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/mercury.html">The “Mercury Toxicity” Scam</a> (updated 6/1/18)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/cavitation.html">Neuralgia Inducing Cavitational Osteonecrosis (NICO)</a> (updated 7/15/18)</li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/detox_overview.html">“Detoxification” Schemes and Scams</a> (updated 6/11/11) <span class="feature">FEATURE</span></li> <li><a href="/related/dhea/">DHEA: Ignore the Hype</a> (updated 10/12/98)</li> <li><a href="/related/suppsherbs/">Dietary Supplements, Herbs, and Hormones</a> (index to many articles) <span class="feature">FEATURE</span></li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/Tests/tests.html">Dubious Diagnostic Tests</a> (index to many articles) <span class="feature">FEATURE</span></li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/candling.html">Ear Candling</a> (updated 4/15/05/03)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/electro.html">Electrodiagnostic Device Quackery</a> (updated 6/4/16) <span class="feature">FEATURE</span></li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/ergo.html">“Ergogenic Aids”</a> (updated 8/14/00)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/eyequack.html">Eye-Related Quackery</a> (updated 9/13/07)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/fadindex.html">Fad Diagnoses</a> (updated 3/28/19) <span class="feature">FEATURE</span></li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/faith.html">Faith Healing</a> (updated 12/27/09)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/Tests/genomics.html">Genetic Testing Scams</a> (updated 11/24/083)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/gerovital.html">Gerovital</a> (posted 2/24/11)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/DSH/glucosamine.html">Glucosamine and Chondroitin for Arthritis</a> (updated 12/14/08)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/ghb.html">Gamma-hydroxybutyric Acid: A Growing Danger</a> (posted 7/17/98)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/hgh.html">Growth Hormone Schemes and Scams</a> (updated 10/16/07)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/hair-2.html">Hair Analysis: A Cardinal Sign of Quackery</a> (updated 8/31/18)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/Hair/hairindex.html">Hair Removal Methods: What Works and What Doesn’t</a> (updated 8/21/01)</li> <li><span class="feature2">Herbal Practices and Products</span> <ul> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/herbs.html">The Herbal Minefield</a> (updated 8/19/12)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/paraherbalism.html">Paraherbalism: Ten False Tenets</a> (posted 8/31/99)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/DSH/hm.html">“Natural Product” of the Month: Garcinia</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><span class="feature2">Homeopathy</span>: <span class="feature">FEATURE TOPIC – <a href="/homeopathy/">ALSO VISIT HOMEOWATCH</a></span> <ul> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/homeo.html">The Ultimate Fake</a> (updated 8/25/16) <span class="feature">FEATURE</span></li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/holmes.html">Essay by Oliver Wendell Holmes (1842)</a> (posted 3/26/99)</li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/HBOT/hmindex.html">Hyperbaric Medicine: What Works and What Does Not</a>? (partially posted 4/21/01)</li> <li><a href="/02ConsumerProtection/insfraud.html">Insurance Fraud and Abuse</a> (updated 11/17/05)</li> <li><a href="/device/reports/aquadetox.shtml">Ionic Cleansing</a> (link to Device Watch)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/iridology.html">Iridology</a> (updated 3/28/08)</li> <li><a href="/mlm/04C/NSA/juiceplus.html">Juice Plus+</a><sup>®</sup> (link to MLM Watch)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/juicing.html">Juicing</a> (updated 9/7/99)</li> <li><a href="/08Misc/zamboni/overview.html">“Liberation Therapy” for Multiple Sclerosis</a> (posted 5/2/18)</li> <li><a href="https://quackwatch.org/hx/leifcort-for-arthritis-worthless-and-dangerous/">Liiefcort for Arthritis: Worthless and Dangerous</a> (posted 8/23/20)</li> <li><a href="/06ResearchProjects/lcd.html">Low-Carbohydrate Diets (including Atkins Diet)</a> (major update 7/13/08)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/lyme.html">Lyme Disease: Questionable Diagnosis and Treatment</a> (updated 3/12/07)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/kushi.html">Macrobiotics</a> (posted 9/27/01)</li> <li><a href="https://centerforinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/quackwatch/magic_muiscle_pills.pdf">Magic Muscle Pills!!: Health and Fitness Quackery in Nutrition Supplements (1992</a>) (posted 5/24/18)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/mailquack.html">Mail-Order Quackery</a> (updated 7/11/01)</li> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/QA/magnet.html">Magnet Therapy: A Skeptical View</a> (updated 6/29/08)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/massage.html">Massage Therapy: Riddled with Quackery</a> (updated 3/9/06)</li> <li><span class="feature2">Mental Help, Questionable Approaches</span> <ul> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/feingold.html">Feingold Diet</a> (updated 3/11/02)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/down.html">Nutritional Supplements for Down Syndrome</a> (updated 10/18/98)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/ortho.html">Orthomolecular Therapy</a> (updated 7/12/00)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/mentserv.html">Procedures to Avoid</a> (updated 11/9/08)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/patterning.html">Psychomotor Patterning</a> (posted 7/6/01)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/mispsych.html">Psychotherapy Mismanagement</a> (updated 3/22/11)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/mentprod.html">Self-Help Products</a> (updated 8/18/04)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/mhindex.html">Index to Mental Help Topics</a> (updated 2/6/04)</li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/Cancer/manner.html">Metabolic Therapy</a> (posted 7/1/01)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/mcs.html">Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS)</a> (updated 3/18/11)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/ms.html">Multiple Sclerosis “Cures”</a> (updated 8/1/16)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/mlm.html">Multilevel Marketing: Mostly a Mirage</a> (updated 5/4/14) <span class="feature"><a href="/mlm/">ALSO VISIT MLM WATCH</a></span></li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/natural_hygiene.html">Natural Hygiene: A Critical Look</a> (posted 12/31/07)</li> <li><span class="feature2">Naturopathy</span> <span class="feature"><a href="/naturopathy/">ALSO VISIT NATUROWATCH</a></span> <ul> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/Naturopathy/naturopathy.html">A Close Look</a> (updated 1/4/12)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/Naturopathy/immu.html">Opposition to Immunization</a> (posted 12/29/01)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/Naturopathy/hew.html">HEW Report (1968)</a> (updated 8/30/99)</li> <li><a href="/related/naturopathy/nanp/nanp/">Medicare Testimony (1970)</a> (posted 5/25/99)</li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/DSH/suppinsurance.html">Nutrition Insurance: A Skeptical View</a> (posted 12/12/01)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/organic.html">Organic Foods: Certification Does Not Protect Consumers</a> (updated 7/17/06)</li> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/QA/osteo.html">Osteopathy’s Dubious Aspects</a> (updated 2/1/18)</li> <li><span class="feature2">Pharmacists</span> <ul> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/pharm.html">Unethical and Ignorant Behavior</a> (major update 7/19/11)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/compounding.html">Misuse of Compounding</a> (updated 10/14/02)</li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/06ResearchProjects/pnt.html">Pneumatic Trabeculoplasty (PNT) for Glaucoma</a> (updated 1/15/06)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/emf.html">Power Lines and Cancer: Nothing to Fear</a> (updated 5/17/01)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/psychic2.html">Psychic Practices (Astrology, Tarot, Palm Reading, Tarot, etc.</a>) (posted 5/1/03)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/acu.html">Qigong</a> (updated 7/30/99)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/reiki.html">Reiki is Nonsense</a> (updated 8/22/15)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/reflex.html">Reflexology: A Close Look </a>(updated 3/28/15)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/tt.html">Therapeutic Touch</a> (several articles, updated 2/3/08)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/fdatopfrauds.html">Top Health Frauds</a> (FDA list, updated 4/5/99)</li> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/crhsurgery.html">Unnecessary Surgery</a> (posted 2/22/99)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/pauling.html">Vitamin C: The Dark Side of Linus Pauling’s Legacy</a> (updated 9/14/14)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/waterindex.html">Water-Related Frauds and Quackery </a>(index to several articles, posted 12/2/01)</li> <li><a href="/diet/slim/1999-2/">Weight Control Gimmicks and Fraud</a><a href="/diet/slim/1997-2/">s</a> (updated 2/7/99)</li> </ul> <h5>Questionable Advertisements</h5> <ul> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/PhonyAds/antioxad.html">“80% of Doctors Take Antioxidants”</a> (updated 12/6/97)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/PhonyAds/florsheim.html">Can Florsheim Shoes Cure Your Magnetic Deficiency</a>? (updated 8/8/00)</li> <li><a href="/chiropractic/04Ads/chirohealing.html">“Chiropractic Healing Successfully Treats Cancer”</a> (link to Chirobase)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/PhonyAds/ghee.html">Clarified Butter (Ghee): Is It a health food</a>? (updated 9/1/98)</li> <li><a href="/15Ads/goodnighties.html">Dr. Oz Makes Wacky Claims for Pyjamas</a> (updated 7/26/12)</li> <li><a href="/ads/overview/">Dubious Claims Made for DZ10 Enzyme Supplement </a>(updated 7/26/15)</li> <li><a href="/12Web/eckerdtest.html">Eckerd Drugs’ “Personalized Vitamins”</a> (posted 7/4/01)</li> <li><a href="/02ConsumerProtection/enzyte.html">Enzyte Marketers Sued</a> (posted 9/28/04)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/PhonyAds/mp.html">“Enzyme Deficiency”</a> (updated 3/11/03)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/PhonyAds/braswell.html">Gero Vita, A. Glenn Braswell, and the ‘Journal’ of Longevity</a> (updated 2/6/06)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/homeopetition/homeoad.html">Homeopathic Hype</a> (posted 2/15/98)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/PhonyAds/weightlossfraud.html">Impossible Weight-Loss Claims: Summary of an FTC Report</a> (posted 12/16/03)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/PhonyAds/chidisc.html">Life Force Energy Discs</a> (posted 10/25/97)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/PhonyAds/bracelet.html">Magnetic Bracelet</a> (posted 8/13/99)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/PhonyAds/magnetad.html">Magnetize Your Beverages?</a> (posted 9/19/98)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/PhonyAds/earshurt.html">“Mommy My Ears Hurt”</a> (updated 6/9/06)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/PhonyAds/oxygencooler.html">“Oxygenated Water” Device</a> (updated 7/3/06)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/PhonyAds/oxcgen.html">More Oxygen Hype:”Magnesium-Based Oxygen Therapy”</a> (posted 1/19/08)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/PhonyAds/phytopharma.html">Phytopharma/Plant Macerat Weight-Loss Plan</a> (updated 9/14/01)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/PhonyAds/centrum.html">“Recommend Centrum to Bridge Nutrition Gaps”</a> (updated 8/9/98)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/PhonyAds/recovery.html">Recovery™: An “Amazing” Story</a> (posted 11/30/01)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/PhonyAds/reflex.html">Reflexology Steering Wheel Cover</a> (posted 9/16/97)</li> <li><a href="/related/phonyads/slim-slippers/">Slim Slippers: A Precautionary Tale</a> (posted 2/28/02)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/Tests/contour.html">“Free Preliminary Spinal Examination”</a> (posted 10/11/97)</li> <li><a href="https://centerforinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/quackwatch/usps_media_guidelines.pdf">USPS Media Guidelines (1990</a>) (posted 7/19/18)</li> </ul> <h5>Nonrecommended Sources of Health Advice</h5> <ul> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/nonrecbooks.html">Books</a> (updated 10/29/17)</li> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/dm0.html">Degree Mills</a> (updated 6/2/00)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/hfsadvice.html">Health-Food-Store Advice: Don’t Trust It!</a> (updated 11/1/16)</li> <li><span class="feature2">Individuals</span> <ul> <li>Robert Atkins, MD</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/DSH/coral.html">Robert Barefoot</a> (updated 6/13/03)</li> <li><a href="/11Ind/breggin.html">Peter R. Breggin, MD</a> (posted 9/12/02)</li> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/bland.html">Jeffrey Bland, PhD</a> (updated 4/19/04)</li> <li><a href="/11Ind/bolen.html">Patrick T. “Tim” Bolen</a> (updated 7/3/13)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/Cancer/clark.html">Hulda Clark’s Bizarre Claims</a> (updated 10/23/09)</li> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/davis.html">Adelle Davis</a> (updated 1/15/06)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/Cancer/day.html">Lorraine Day, MD</a> (updated 3/16/13)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/donsbach.html">Kurt W. Donsbach</a> (updated 4/17/11)</li> <li><a href="/11Ind/eisenberg.html">David Eisenberg, MD</a> (posted 3/16/02)</li> <li><a href="http://www.casewatch.net/foreign/gibson/gibson.shtml">Belle Gibson</a><span class="redbold">*</span></li> <li><a href="https://quackwatch.org/11ind/a-skeptical-look-at-simone-gold-and-americas-frontline-doctors/">Simone Gold, MD, JD</a> (updated 7/17/22)</li> <li><a href="/11Ind/gordon2.html">James S. Gordon, MD</a> (posted 2/14/02)</li> <li><a href="https://quackwatch.org/11ind/a-skeptical-look-at-dr-marty-hinz-and-his-views-of-neurotransmitter-related-diseases/">Marty Hinz, MD</a> (updated 8/17/21)</li> <li><a href="https://apnews.com/article/how-rfk-jr-built-anti-vaccine-juggernaut-amid-covid-4997be1bcf591fe8b7f1f90d16c9321e">Robert F. Kennedy, Jr</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://quackwatch.org/11ind/mercola/">Joseph Mercola, DO</a> (updated 7/25/21)</li> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/NegativeBR/vbible.html">Earl Mindell</a> (posted 3/14/05)</li> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/null.html">Gary Null</a> (updated 5/10/19)</li> <li><a href="https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/a-seal-of-approval/#more-18092">Memhet Oz, MD</a> (link to another site)</li> <li><a href="/11Ind/rowland.html">David W. Rowland</a> (updated 5/6/00)</li> <li><a href="/11Ind/rubin.html">Jordan S. Rubin</a> (posted 3/13/06)</li> <li><a href="http://www.salon.com/2010/10/13/vaccine_book_sears/">Robert Sears, MD</a> (link to another site)</li> <li><a href="/11Ind/weil.html">Andrew Weil, MD</a> (posted 3/10/02)</li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050209132314/http://www.acsh.org/healthissues/newsID.901/healthissue_detail.asp">Julian Whitaker, MD</a> (link to another site)</li> <li><a href="/11Ind/young3.html">Robert O. Young</a> (updated 8/10/22)</li> <li><a href="/11Ind/index.html">Other Nonrecommended Individuals (Index)</a> (updated 1/17/23)</li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/nonrecorg.html">Questionable Organizations: An Overview</a> <ul> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/Nonrecorg/aanc.html">American Association of Nutritional Consultants</a> (updated 10/18/05)</li> <li>Center for Medical Consumers</li> <li>Citizens for Health</li> <li>Council for Responsible Nutrition</li> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/faim.html">Foundation for the Advancement of Innovative Medicine</a> (updated 9/21/99)</li> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/Nonrecorg/nhf.html">National Health Federation</a> (posted 7/18/03)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/pms.html">People’s Medical Society</a> (updated 8/23/06)</li> <li><a href="http://www.ncahf.org/articles/o-r/pcrm.html">Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine</a> (link to another site)</li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/nonrecperiodicals.html">Periodicals</a> (updated 10/23/15)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/psychic.html">“Psychic” Advice by Mail or Telephone</a> (updated 8/2/01)</li> <li><span class="feature2">Publishers That Promote Quackery</span> <ul> <li>Avery Publishing Group</li> <li><a href="/infomercial/reports/treasury.shtml">Bottom Line Books</a></li> <li>EBSCO (Natural & Alternative Treatments Database)</li> <li>Future Medicine Publishing</li> <li>Keats Publishing</li> <li>Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.</li> <li>Rodale Press</li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/#nonrecommendedsites">Nonrecommended Web Sites</a> (updated 2/22/20)</li> </ul> <h5>Consumer Protection</h5> <ul> <li><a href="/02ConsumerProtection/intell.html">Intelligent Consumer Behavior</a> (posted 5/1/97)</li> <li><a href="/02ConsumerProtection/commtips.html">Doctor-Patient Communication Tips</a> (updated 10/9/06)</li> <li><a href="/02ConsumerProtection/mill.html">How to Spot a Personal Injury Mill</a> (posted 7/25/02)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/altbelief.html">Why Bogus Therapies Often Seem to Work</a> (posted 9/2/97)</li> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/BookContents/spotban.html">Fifteen Ways to Spot an Internet Bandit</a> (posted 12/29/96)</li> <li><a href="/02ConsumerProtection/conorgs.html">Antiquackery Organizations</a> (updated 4/29/07)</li> <li><a href="/02ConsumerProtection/complain.html">Where to Complain or Seek Help</a> (updated 1/30/20)</li> <li><a href="/02ConsumerProtection/onscam.html">Online Scams: A Message from the FTC</a> (posted 5/20/97)</li> <li><a href="/02ConsumerProtection/victims.html">Legal Help for Quackery Victims</a> (updated 3/23/10)</li> <li><a href="/07PoliticalActivities/telemarketers.html">Dealing with Telephone Pests</a> (posted 5/15/02)</li> <li><span class="feature2">Spam Messages</span> <ul> <li><a href="/02ConsumerProtection/spam.html">Some Strategies to Prevent Spams</a> (updated 10/29/02)</li> <li><a href="/02ConsumerProtection/spamscams.html">FTC Names “Dirty Dozen” Spam Scams</a> (posted 4/6/00)</li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/02ConsumerProtection/laws.html">Strengths and Weaknesses of Our Laws</a> (updated 9/15/01)</li> <li><a href="https://centerforinquiry.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/2020/12/22170729/charles_w_crawford.pdf">Charles W. Crawford, FDA Commssioner, 1951-1954</a></li> <li><a href="/02ConsumerProtection/dshea.html">How Congress Weakened the FDA in 1994</a> (updated 9/30/20)</li> <li><a href="/03HealthPromotion/gmo.html">Genetically Engineered Foods Should NOT Bear Special Labels</a> (posted 1/2/00)</li> <li><a href="/02ConsumerProtection/licensing.html">Why Nutritionist Licensing Is Important</a> (updated 8/16/11)</li> <li><a href="/02ConsumerProtection/doctorsales.html">AMA Discourages Product Sales in Medical Offices</a> (updated 11/23/99)</li> <li><a href="https://centerforinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/quackwatch/nyc_hfs.pdf">NYC Dept. of Consumer Affairs Health Food Stores Investigation (1983</a>) (posted 11/29/14)</li> <li><a href="/02ConsumerProtection/viatical.html">Viatical Settlements</a> (posted 8/16/00)</li> <li><a href="/02ConsumerProtection/enforcement_priority.html">Why the FDA Should Use More Criminal Prosecutions</a> (posted 9/27/18)</li> <li><a href="https://centerforinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/quackwatch/fda_regulatory_primer_1995.pdf">FDA Regulatory Primer (1995</a>) (posted 7/16/18)</li> <li><span class="feature2"><a href="/cases/">FDA Warning Letters</a></span><a href="/cases/"> (indexed by year on Casewatch</a>)</li> <li><a href="/02ConsumerProtection/FTCActions/ftc_food_advertising.html">Some Notes of the FTC’s Food Advertising Policy</a> (posted 4/3/19)</li> <li><a href="/13Hx/dr_rinse/background.html">The Dr. Rinse Case: An Inside Look at FDA Dietary Supplement Regulation in the 1980s</a> (posted 6/19/11)</li> <li><span class="feature2">Other Important Regulatory Actions</span> <ul> <li><a href="/02ConsumerProtection/enzymaticfdac.html">Enzymatic Therapy</a> (posted 8/15/00)</li> <li><a href="/02ConsumerProtection/gnc.html">General Nutrition</a> (updated 11/29/14)</li> <li><a href="/02ConsumerProtection/hsn.html">Home Shopping Network</a> (posted 4/17/99)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h5>Consumer Strategy: Health Promotion</h5> <ul> <li><a href="/03HealthPromotion/antioxidants.html">Antioxidants and other Phytochemicals: Current Scientific Perspective</a> (updated 6/2/18)</li> <li><span class="feature2">Cardiovascular Disease</span> <ul> <li><a href="/03HealthPromotion/cardiorisk.html">Risk Factors</a> (updated 12/20/00)</li> <li><a href="/03HealthPromotion/homocysteine.html">Does Lowering Homocysteine Prevent Cardiovascular Disease</a>? (updated 5/6/10)</li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/03HealthPromotion/supplements.html">Dietary Supplements: Appropriate Use</a> (updated 11/12/10)</li> <li><a href="/03HealthPromotion/eqpt.html">Exercise: Choosing and Using Equipment</a> (posted 11/7/97)</li> <li><a href="/03HealthPromotion/fluoride.html">Fluoridation: Don’t Let the Poisonmongers Scare You!</a> (4 articles, updated 3/30/13)</li> <li><a href="https://www.acsh.org/search?search_api_views_fulltext=food+irradiation">Food Irradiation</a> (link to another site)</li> <li><a href="/03HealthPromotion/immu/immu00.html">Immunization: Common Misconceptions </a>(updated 4/20/13)</li> <li><a href="/03HealthPromotion/tobacco.html">Tobacco-Related News</a> (updated 4/7/00)</li> <li><a href="/03HealthPromotion/vegetarian.html">Vegetarianism: Healthful But Not Necessary</a> (updated 3/17/00)</li> <li><a href="/03HealthPromotion/k.html">Vitamin K Injections Needed to Prevent Bleeding in Infants</a> (posted 11/23/13)</li> </ul> <h5>Consumer Strategy: Tips for Provider Selection</h5> <ul> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/dentalchoose.html">Choosing a Dentist </a>(posted 1/31/01)</li> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/mentchoose.html">Where to Get Mental Help</a> (updated 11/14/02)</li> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/nutritionist.html">Where to Get Professional Nutrition Advice</a> (updated 1/3/10)</li> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/QA/osteo.html">Choosing an Osteopathic Physician</a> (updated 4/24/01)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/chirochoose.html">Choosing a Chiropractor</a> (updated 10/13/00)</li> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/freefootexams.html">Be Wary of “Free Foot Exam” Ads</a> (updated 12/20/98)</li> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/QA/board.html">Board Certification: What Does It Mean?</a> (updated 12/5/00)</li> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/QA/mdcheck.html">How to Check a Physician’s Credentials</a> (updated 1/14/08)</li> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/trainer.html">Choosing a Personal Trainer</a> (updated 7/30/08)</li> <li><a href="https://centerforinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/quackwatch/health_club.pdf">Choosing a Health Club</a> (posted 1/2/17)</li> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/pers.html">Personal Emergency Response Systems</a> (posted 4/20/02)</li> <li><a href="/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/facilityindex.html">Nonrecommended Treatment Facilities</a> (posted 4/13/02)</li> </ul> <h5>Consumer Strategy: Disease Management</h5> <ul> <li><span class="feature2">Drugs</span> <ul> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/drugs.html">Tips for Prudent Use</a> (posted 10/25/99)</li> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/generic.html">Generic Drugs: What You Need to Know</a> (posted 9/22/02)</li> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/glaucomadrops.html">Glaucoma Patients: Don’t Waste Money on Overpriced Eyedrops</a> (posted 5/1/00)</li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/03HealthPromotion/fibromyalgia/index.html">Fibromyalgia Strategies</a> (8 articles, updated 2/13/00)</li> <li><a href="/03HealthPromotion/ibs.html">Irritable Bowel Syndrome</a> (posted 6/7/00)</li> <li><a href="/03HealthPromotion/latex.html">Latex Allergy Epidemic</a> (updated 1/23/00)</li> <li><a href="/03HealthPromotion/lbp.html">Low Back Pain</a> (updated 5/18/99)</li> <li><a href="/03HealthPromotion/rk.html">Refractive Surgery</a> (updated 8/23/05)</li> <li><a href="/03HealthPromotion/scoliosis.html">Scoliosis: A Sensible Approach</a> (posted 1/14/98)</li> </ul> <h5>Education for Consumers and Health Professionals</h5> <ul> <li><a href="https://centerforinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/quackwatch/smoking_gun.pdf">A Smoking Gun: How the Tobacco Industry Gets Away with Murder (1984</a>) posted 11/3/13)</li> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/chlibrary.html">Consumer Health Library: Recommended Reference Books</a> (updated 8/7/09)</li> <li><a href="/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/quackwatch/04ConsumerEducation/freireich.pdf">Evaluating Unproven Remedies (Freireich</a>) (posted 8/25/20)</li> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/evidence.html">Evidence vs. Nonsense: A Guide to the Scientific Method</a> (posted 2/11/05)</li> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/challenges.html">Handling Challenges to Skepticism</a> (posted 9/30/99)</li> <li><a href="/00AboutQuackwatch/honcode.html">HONcode Principles: What Do They Signify</a>? (updated 8/10/14)</li> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/healthscares.html">Internet Health Scares</a> (posted 9/12/99)</li> <li><a href="/12Web/webfind.html">Internet Search Strategies</a> (posted 8/25/01)</li> <li><a href="/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/quackwatch/04ConsumerEducation/lying.pdf">Lying for Fun and Profit: The Truth about the Media</a> (posted 10/10/20)</li> <li><span class="feature2">Media Watch: Critiques of Prominent Articles and Broadcasts</span> <ul> <li><a href="/03HealthPromotion/cu.html">Consumer Reports’ Attack on Pesticides Criticized</a> (posted 4/30/99)</li> <li><a href="/03HealthPromotion/immu/autism.html">The Unfounded Vaccination/Autism Scare</a> (updated 11/17/02)</li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/News/news.html">News Briefs</a> (many topics, updated 12/18/01)</li> <li><a href="https://centerforinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/quackwatch/nf_1984-2000.pdf">Nutrition Forum Newsletter 1984-200</a>0 (posted 6/14/18)</li> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/QA/qa.html">Questions and Answers</a> (updated 3/31/03)</li> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/iq.html">Quiz: What’s Your Consumer Health IQ</a>? (posted 9/19/97)</li> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/org.html">Reliable Agencies and Organizations</a> (updated 1/15/09)</li> <li><a href="/04ConsumerEducation/urbanlegends.html">Urban Legends, Rumors, and Hoaxes</a> (updated 3/3/02)</li> <li><a href="/web/">Web Site Evaluations</a> (updated 3/18/04)</li> </ul> <h5>Legal and Political Activities</h5> <ul> <li><a href="/07PoliticalActivities/antiquackery.html">Fighting Quackery: Tips for Activists</a> (revised 3/11/04)</li> <li><a href="/02ConsumerProtection/activism.html">Scientific Activism for Cosmetic Chemists (and Others)</a> (posted 5/18/15)</li> <li><a href="/02ConsumerProtection/fca.html">Qui Tam Suits against Health Care Fraud</a> (posted 8/23/00)</li> <li><a href="/07PoliticalActivities/rxp1.html">Why Psychologists Should Not Be Licensed to Prescribe Psychiatric Drugs</a> (posted 4/15/02)</li> </ul> <h5>Recommended Links <i class="fas fa-arrow-alt-up"></i></h5> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.alsuntangled.com/">ALS Untangled</a> (Investigates clinics claiming to treat ALS)</li> <li><a href="http://mindblowingdecisions.com/">Alternative Medicine: A Mindblowing Mystery Tour</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.acsh.org/">American Council on Science and Health (ACSH)</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.chem1.com/CQ/johnellisbunk.html">Aquascams</a> (Water-related scams and quackery)</li> <li><a href="http://www.badscience.net/">Bad Science</a> (Ben Goldacre, M.D. blog)</li> <li><a href="http://www.badsceince.ca/">Bad Science Watch</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.sciencebasedhealthcare.org/">Campaign for Science-Based Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/chiropractic/">Chirobase</a> (Quackwatch’s skeptical guide to chiropractic history, theories, and current practices)</li> <li><a href="http://www.csicop.org/">Committee for Skeptical Inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.cinam.net/">Current Issues in Alternative Medicine (CINAM)</a> (Quackery viewed from a Christian perspective)</li> <li><a href="/dental/">Dental Watch</a> (Quackwatch’s guide to intelligent dental care)</li> <li><a href="http://www.ebm-first.com/">ebm-first.com</a> (What “alternative” medical practitioners might not tell you)</li> <li><a href="https://drbillsukala.com/">Dr. Bill Sukula</a></li> <li><a href="http://edzardernst.com/">Edzard Ernst’s CAM Blog</a> (scroll down to see articles)</li> <li><a href="https://americanloons.blogspot.com/">Encyclopedia of American Loons</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.scienceinmedicine.org.au/">Friends of Science in Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="http://genome.fieldofscience.com/">Genomics, Medicine, and Pseudoscience</a> (Steven Saltzberg’s blog)</li> <li><a href="http://www.chem1.com/CQ/index.html">H<sub>2</sub>O dot con</a> (water-related pseudoscience and quackery)</li> <li><a href="http://www.hairquackery.com/">Hair quackery.com</a></li> <li><a href="/homeopathy/">Homeowatch</a> (Quackwatch’s skeptical guide to homeopathy’s history, theories, and current practices)</li> <li><a href="https://web.randi.org/">James Randi Educational Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="https://lymescience.org">LymeScience</a></li> <li><a href="/mlm/">MLM Watch</a> (Quackwatch’s guide to multilevel marketing)</li> <li><a href="http://www.museumofquackery.com/">Museum of Questionable Medical Devices</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.nightingale-collaboration.org/">The Nightingale Collaboration</a> (consumer protection campaigns)</li> <li><a href="https://www.painscience.com/">PainScience.com </a>(science-based medicine for aches, pains, and injuries)</li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130307215950/http://www.quackfiles.com/">The Quack-Files (archived through 2013)</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.quackcast.com/">Quackcast</a> (skeptical evaluations of “alternative” medicine)</li> <li><a href="http://www.quackometer.net/">Quackometer</a> (efficient Web search for critical information)</li> <li><a href="https://quacktrack.org/">QuackTrack</a> (Indian anti-quackery site)</li> <li><a href="http://www.ratbags.com/">RatbagsDotCom</a> (fighting quackery with humor)</li> <li><a href="http://www.senseaboutscience.org/">Sense about Science</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/">Science-Based Medicine</a> (antiquackery blog)</li> <li><a href="http://sbh.nz/">Society for Science-Based Healthcare</a> (New Zealand)</li> <li><a href="http://www.sfsbm.org/">Society for Science-Based Medicine</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/05Links/skepticsites.html">Skeptical Information Sources</a> (updated 4/11/07)</li> <li><a href="https://skepticscircle.blogspot.com/">Skeptics Circle Blogspot</a></li> <li><a href="http://skepdic.com/">Skeptics Dictionary</a> (over 400 topics)</li> <li><a href="http://www.skepticnorth.com/">Skeptic North</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.skepticzone.tv/">Skeptic Zone Podcasts</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.skepdoc.info/">The SkepDoc</a> (Harriet Hall, M.D.)</li> <li><a href="http://www.skeptvet.com/">The SkeptVet</a></li> <li><a href="http://whatstheharm.net/index.html">What’s the Harm</a>?</li> <li><a href="/05Links/othersites.html">Other Valuable Sites</a> (About 200 links, updated 11/18/17)</li> </ul> <h6 style="text-align: center">Quackwatch home page visitors since 1/4/97</h6> <p><a href="https://www.free-website-hit-counter.com/"><img decoding="async" class="aligncenter" title="free website hit counter" src="https://www.free-website-hit-counter.com/c.php?d=8&id=121211&s=5" border="0" /></a></p> <p>Our home-page hits reached 1 million in March 2000, 5 million on August 2004, 10 million in July 2009, and 15 million in December 2019.</p> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> <footer class="entry-meta"> </footer> </article> </main> </div> <div id="sidebar-wrapper" class=""> <div id="sidebar-right">   <li id="media_image-2" class="widget widget_media_image"><a 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