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<span>Toggle Classification and distribution subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Classification_and_distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_Afghanistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Afghanistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>In Afghanistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Afghanistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Tajikistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Tajikistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>In Tajikistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Tajikistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Pakistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Pakistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>In Pakistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Pakistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>In China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>In Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Turkey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Turkey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>In Turkey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Turkey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phonology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Phonology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Phonology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vowels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vowels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Vowels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vowels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consonants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consonants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Consonants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consonants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orthography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orthography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Orthography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Orthography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Orthography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Orthography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Perso-Arabic_script" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perso-Arabic_script"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Perso-Arabic script</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perso-Arabic_script-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Afghan_Perso-Arabic_alphabet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afghan_Perso-Arabic_alphabet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Afghan Perso-Arabic alphabet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afghan_Perso-Arabic_alphabet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pakistani_Perso-Arabic_alphabet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pakistani_Perso-Arabic_alphabet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Pakistani Perso-Arabic alphabet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pakistani_Perso-Arabic_alphabet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cyrillic_script" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cyrillic_script"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Cyrillic script</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cyrillic_script-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latin_script" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latin_script"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Latin script</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latin_script-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sample_text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sample_text"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Sample text</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sample_text-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vocabulary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vocabulary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vocabulary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vocabulary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Wakhi language</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 44 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_waj%C3%AD" title="Idioma wají – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma wají" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="ওয়াখি ভাষা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ওয়াখি ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Вахански език – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вахански език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakheg" title="Wakheg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Wakheg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakhi_(Sprache)" title="Wakhi (Sprache) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wakhi (Sprache)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahhi_keel" title="Vahhi keel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vahhi keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_waj%C3%AD" title="Idioma wají – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma wají" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زبان واخانی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان واخانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakhi" title="Wakhi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Wakhi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_vakh%C3%AD" title="Lingua vakhí – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua vakhí" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%99%80%ED%82%A4%EC%96%B4" title="와키어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="와키어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="वाख़ी भाषा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वाख़ी भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Wakhi" title="Bahasa Wakhi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Wakhi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Вахайнаг æвзаг – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Вахайнаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_wakhi" title="Lingua wakhi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua wakhi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiwakhi" title="Kiwakhi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiwakhi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Вахан кыв – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Вахан кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_wex%C3%AE" title="Zimanê wexî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê wexî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahanu_valoda" title="Vahanu valoda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vahanu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wachi_(taal)" title="Wachi (taal) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wachi (taal)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AF%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%E8%AA%9E" title="ワハン語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ワハン語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakhi" title="Wakhi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Wakhi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vohon_tili" title="Vohon tili – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vohon tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%AE%DB%8C" title="وخی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="وخی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="واخي ژبه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="واخي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8" title="ភាសាវ៉ាគី – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសាវ៉ាគី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_Wakhi" title="Lenga Wakhi – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga Wakhi" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_wacha%C5%84ski" title="Język wachański – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język wachański" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_wakhi" title="Língua wakhi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua wakhi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Ваханский язык – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ваханский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakhi_language" title="Wakhi language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wakhi language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahanin_kieli" title="Vahanin kieli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vahanin kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Вахи теле – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Вахи теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B5" title="ภาษาวาคี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาวาคี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Забони вахонӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони вахонӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahanca" title="Vahanca – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vahanca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Eastern Iranian language spoken by the Wakhi people</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Lead_too_short plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-lead_too_short" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img 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.infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Wakhi</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;"><span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl" dir="rtl">ښیکوار زیک</span></span><br /><span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl-Cyrl">Х̆икв̆ор зик</span></span><br />X̌ikwor zik</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Wakhi_in_Nastaliq,_Latin,_and_Cyrillic.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Wakhi_in_Nastaliq%2C_Latin%2C_and_Cyrillic.png/220px-Wakhi_in_Nastaliq%2C_Latin%2C_and_Cyrillic.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Wakhi_in_Nastaliq%2C_Latin%2C_and_Cyrillic.png/330px-Wakhi_in_Nastaliq%2C_Latin%2C_and_Cyrillic.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Wakhi_in_Nastaliq%2C_Latin%2C_and_Cyrillic.png/440px-Wakhi_in_Nastaliq%2C_Latin%2C_and_Cyrillic.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="728" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;">Wakhi written in <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic script</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nastaliq" title="Nastaliq">Nastaliq</a> style, <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic script</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Wakhi_people" title="Wakhi people">Wakhi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">(20,000 in Pakistan (2016);<br />58,000 cited 1992–2012)<sup id="cite_ref-e18_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranian_languages" title="Indo-Iranian languages">Indo-Iranian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Iranian_languages" title="Eastern Iranian languages">Eastern</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Wakhi</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Early forms</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Scythian_languages" title="Scythian languages">Scythian</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Saka_language" title="Saka language">Saka</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Perso-Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/wbl" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:wbl">wbl</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/wakh1245">wakh1245</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Endangered_Languages_Project" title="Endangered Languages Project">ELP</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/3155">Wakhi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Linguasphere_Observatory" title="Linguasphere Observatory">Linguasphere</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hortensj-garden.org/index.php?tnc=1&tr=lsr&nid=58-ABD-c">58-ABD-c</a></code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#E7E7FF;color:inherit;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> phonetic symbols.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA#Rendering_issues" title="Help:IPA">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p><b>Wakhi</b> (<span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl" dir="rtl">ښیکوار زیک</span></span>, <span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl-Cyrl">Х̆икв̆ор зик</span></span>, IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[xikwɔr zik]</a>) is an <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European language</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Iranian_languages" title="Eastern Iranian languages">Eastern Iranian</a> branch of the language family spoken today in <a href="/wiki/Wakhan_District" title="Wakhan District">Wakhan District</a>, Northern <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, and neighboring areas of <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification_and_distribution">Classification and distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wakhi_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Classification and distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wakhi is one of several languages that belong to the <a href="/wiki/Sprachbund" title="Sprachbund">areal</a> <a href="/wiki/Pamir_languages" title="Pamir languages">Pamir language group</a>. It is believed to be a descendant of the <a href="/wiki/Saka_language" title="Saka language">Scytho-Khotanese language</a> once spoken in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Khotan" title="Kingdom of Khotan">Kingdom of Khotan</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Wakhi_people" title="Wakhi people">Wakhi people</a> are occasionally called <a href="/wiki/Pamiris" title="Pamiris">Pamiris</a> and Guhjali. It is spoken by the inhabitants of the Wakhan Corridor of Afghanistan, parts of <a href="/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgit-Baltistan</a> (the former NAs) of Pakistan, the Gorno-Badakhshan region of Tajikistan, and Xinjiang in Western <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. The Wakhi use the self-appellation 'X̌ik' (ethnic) and suffix it with 'wor'/'war' to denote their language as 'X̌ik-wor' themselves. The noun 'X̌ik' comes from <i>*waxša-ī̆ka-</i> (an inhabitant of <i>*Waxša-</i> 'Oxus', for Wakhan, in Wakhi 'Wux̌.' There are other equivalents for the name Wakhi (Anglicised) or Wakhani (Arabic and Persian), Vakhantsy (Russian), Gojali/Gojo (Dingrik-wor/Shina), Guyits/Guicho (Burushaski), Wakhigi/Wakhik-war (Kivi-wor/Khow-wor) and Cert (Turki). </p><p>The language belongs, as yet to be confirmed according to studies and sources, to the southern group of the Pamir languages, in the Iranian group of the Indo-European family (450) of languages, where the Ishkashmi, Shighni/...nani and Wakhi languages are included. A very rough estimate of the population of Wakhis is 58,000 worldwide. The Wakhi live in six countries. In the Gilgit-Baltistan region of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, the Wakhi people mainly live in <a href="/wiki/Gojal" class="mw-redirect" title="Gojal">Gojal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ishkoman_Valley" title="Ishkoman Valley">Ishkoman</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Darkut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Darkut (page does not exist)">and Darkut</a>, as well as in Chitral District's <a href="/wiki/Broghil_Pass" title="Broghil Pass">Broghol</a>. They live in parts of <a href="/wiki/Wakhan" title="Wakhan">Wakhan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gorno-Badakhshan" title="Gorno-Badakhshan">Gorno-Badakhshan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Taxkorgan_Tajik_Autonomous_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County">Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County</a> in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Afghanistan">In Afghanistan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wakhi_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In Afghanistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Wakhan_Corridor" title="Wakhan Corridor">Wakhan Corridor</a> of Afghanistan, Wakhi is spoken from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Putur,_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Putur, Afghanistan (page does not exist)">Putur</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Ishkashim,_Afghanistan" title="Ishkashim, Afghanistan">Ishkashim</a>, to the upper reaches of the <a href="/wiki/Wakhan_River" title="Wakhan River">Wakhan River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Tajikistan">In Tajikistan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wakhi_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In Tajikistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Tajikistan, the Wakhi and other communities that speak one of the <a href="/wiki/Pamir_languages" title="Pamir languages">Pamir languages</a> refer to themselves as <a href="/wiki/Pamiris" title="Pamiris">Pamiri</a> or Badakhshani, and there has been a movement to separate their identity from that of the majority of Persian-speaking <a href="/wiki/Tajiks" title="Tajiks">Tajiks</a>. <a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">Linguists</a> universally refer to Wakhi as an <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Iranian_languages" title="Eastern Iranian languages">East Iranian language</a> independent of Tajik Persian, but many Tajik <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalists</a> insist that Wakhi and other Pamir languages are dialects of Tajik Persian.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Pakistan">In Pakistan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wakhi_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In Pakistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgit-Baltistan</a>, Wakhi is spoken in the sparsely populated upper portions of five of the northernmost valleys: <a href="/wiki/Hunza_Valley" title="Hunza Valley">Hunza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gojal" class="mw-redirect" title="Gojal">Gojal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ishkoman_Valley" title="Ishkoman Valley">Ishkoman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yasin_Valley" title="Yasin Valley">Yasin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gupis_Tehsil" title="Gupis Tehsil">Gupis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yarkhun" class="mw-redirect" title="Yarkhun">Yarkhun</a>. The Hunza Valley has the largest Wakhi population in Pakistan. The Wakhis of Ishkoman lives primarily in the Karambar valley, the town of Imit, and beyond. In <a href="/wiki/Yasin_Valley" title="Yasin Valley">Yasin</a>, they live mainly in the vicinity of Darkot, and in Yarhkun, they are found in Baroghil and a few other small villages in the high, upper portion of the valley. </p><p>In Pakistan, the central organization of the Wakhi is the <a href="/wiki/Wakhi_people#Cultural_preservation" title="Wakhi people">Wakhi Cultural Association</a> Pakistan (WCA). This organization is registered with the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">Government of Pakistan</a> and collaborates with the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and Lok Virsa Pakistan. The Association is working to preserve the Wakhi language and culture and document their <a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">poetry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Radio_Pakistan" title="Radio Pakistan">Radio Pakistan</a> <a href="/wiki/Gilgit" title="Gilgit">Gilgit</a> relays the Wakhi radio programme "Sadoyah Boomy Dunyo", the voice of the roof of the world. The <a href="/wiki/Wakhi_people#Cultural_preservation" title="Wakhi people">Wakhi Cultural Association</a> has arranged more than twenty programmes since 1984, which include cultural shows, musical nights, and large-scale musical festivals with the collaboration of Lok Virsa Pakistan, the <a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan_Trust_for_Culture" title="Aga Khan Trust for Culture">Aga Khan Cultural Service Pakistan (AKCSP)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Television_Corporation" title="Pakistan Television Corporation">Pakistan television</a>. In 2000, the WCA won a "Best Programme" organizer award in the <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a> <a href="/wiki/Festival" title="Festival">Festival</a> from the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Pakistan" title="President of Pakistan">President of Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pervez_Musharraf" title="Pervez Musharraf">Pervez Musharraf</a>. A computerized codification of the Wakhi script has been released, which will help to promote the language development program and documentation of Wakhi poetry, literature, and <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_China">In China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wakhi_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tajiks_of_Xinjiang" title="Tajiks of Xinjiang">Tajiks of Xinjiang</a></div> <p>Wakhi is also spoken in the <a href="/wiki/Taxkorgan_Tajik_Autonomous_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County">Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County</a>, in Xinjiang of China, mainly in the township of <a href="/wiki/Dafdar" title="Dafdar">Dafdar</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Russia">In Russia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wakhi_language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: In Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are approximately 21,000 Wakhi in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, Most of them have migrated from <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Turkey">In Turkey</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wakhi_language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: In Turkey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are some Wakhi villages in <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> in the eastern regions, where they have migrated from Afghanistan in 1979 during the <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Afghan and Russian war</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wakhi_language&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowels">Vowels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wakhi_language&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Vowels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Close central unrounded vowel">ɨ</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">ə</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <td colspan="3"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open central unrounded vowel">a</a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants">Consonants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wakhi_language&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Consonants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">Dental</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alveolo-palatal_consonant" title="Alveolo-palatal consonant">Alveolo-<br />palatal</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant">Retroflex</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Uvular_consonant" title="Uvular consonant">Uvular</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Nasal_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasal stop">Nasal</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Plosive_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Plosive consonant">Plosive</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental plosive">t̪</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental plosive">d̪</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiceless retroflex plosive">ʈ</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiced retroflex plosive">ɖ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Affricate_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Affricate consonant">Affricate</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolar affricate">t͡s</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiced alveolar affricate">d͡z</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">t͡ʃ</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">d͡ʒ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_affricate" title="Voiceless retroflex affricate">ʈ͡ʂ</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_affricate" title="Voiced retroflex affricate">ɖ͡ʐ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Fricative_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Fricative consonant">Fricative</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_fricative" title="Voiceless dental fricative">θ</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_fricative" title="Voiced dental fricative">ð</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiceless retroflex fricative">ʂ</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiced retroflex fricative">ʐ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">ɣ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_fricative" title="Voiceless uvular fricative">χ</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_fricative" title="Voiced uvular fricative">ʁ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/Approximant_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Approximant consonant">Approximant</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Rhotic_consonant" title="Rhotic consonant">Rhotic</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orthography">Orthography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wakhi_language&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Orthography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traditionally, Wakhi was not a written language. Wakhi people live in 4 countries, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, and are in contact with speakers of various other languages. Writing systems have been developed for the language using <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin scripts</a>, each with inspirations from neighboring languages and orthographic conventions. However, due to the pluricentric nature of Wakhi dialects, marginalization in favour of a more significant national/regional language, remoteness, and political instability, no one orthographic standard has managed to rise to the level of a singular unifying writing system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perso-Arabic_script">Perso-Arabic script</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wakhi_language&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Perso-Arabic script"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Perso-Arabic script for the Wakhi language has been derived from the <a href="/wiki/Persian_alphabet" title="Persian alphabet">Persian alphabet</a> used in <a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Afghanistan</a>. However, there are sounds in Wakhi that are not found in Persian. Here, two diverging conventions have emerged, one in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> and another in <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> (and Pakistani-controlled <a href="/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgit-Baltistan</a>). <a href="/wiki/Pashto_alphabet" title="Pashto alphabet">Pashto</a> has inspired letters in Afghanistan to represent missing sounds in Wakhi, especially the various <a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant">retroflex sounds</a> missing in Persian. <a href="/wiki/Urdu_alphabet" title="Urdu alphabet">Urdu</a> and orthographies of other languages of <a href="/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgit-Baltistan</a> have been the inspiration in Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-Pakistan_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pakistan-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Afghanistan_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Afghanistan-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Afghan_Perso-Arabic_alphabet">Afghan Perso-Arabic alphabet</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wakhi_language&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Afghan Perso-Arabic alphabet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The below table is the Afghan version of the Perso-Arabic alphabet for the Wakhi language. The alphabet has been derived from the alphabet of <a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Dari</a> (Persian), one of Afghanistan's national languages. <a href="/wiki/Pashto_alphabet" title="Pashto alphabet">Pashto</a>, the other national language of Afghanistan, has been the source of letters for phonemes that don't exist in Persian. This orthographic standard has similarities to the orthographies of other <a href="/wiki/Pamir_languages" title="Pamir languages">Pamir languages</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Shughni_language" title="Shughni language">Shughni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Munji_language" title="Munji language">Munji</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Afghanistan_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Afghanistan-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable Unicode" dir="rtl"> <caption>Wakhi Perso-Arabic Letters (Afghanistan) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Perso-Arabic<br /><small>(Latin)</small><br />[<a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>] </th> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ا</span>‎</span><sup>1</sup><br /><small>‌ - (A a/E e/I i/U u)</small><br />[∅]([a][u][e][i]) </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">آ / ـا</span>‎</span><sup>2</sup><br /><small>(A a)</small><br />[ɔ] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ب</span>‎</span><br /><small>(B b)</small><br />[b] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">پ</span>‎</span><br /><small>(P p)</small><br />[p] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ت</span>‎</span><br /><small>(T t)</small><br />[t̪] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ټ</span>‎</span><br /><small>(Ṭ ṭ)</small><br />[ʈ] </td></tr> <tr> <th>Perso-Arabic<br /><small>(Latin)</small><br />[<a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>] </th> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ث</span>‎<sup>3</sup></span><br /><small>(S s)</small><br />[s] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ٿ</span>‎<sup>3</sup></span><br /><small>(Θ ϑ)</small><br />[θ] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ج</span>‎</span><br /><small>(J̌ ǰ)</small><br />[d͡ʒ] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ڃ</span>‎</span><br /><small>(J̣̌ ǰ̣)</small><br />[ɖ͡ʐ] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">چ</span>‎</span><br /><small>(Č č)</small><br />[t͡ʃ] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ڇ</span>‎</span><br /><small>(Č̣ č̣)</small><br />[ʈ͡ʂ] </td></tr> <tr> <th>Perso-Arabic<br /><small>(Latin)</small><br />[<a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>] </th> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ح</span>‎</span><br /><small>(H h)</small><br />[h] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">خ</span>‎</span><br /><small>(X x)</small><br />[χ] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ځ</span>‎</span><br /><small>(Ʒ ʒ)</small><br />[d͡z] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">څ</span>‎</span><br /><small>(C c)</small><br />[t͡s] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">د</span>‎</span><br /><small>(D d)</small><br />[d̪] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ډ</span>‎</span><br /><small>(Ḍ ḍ)</small><br />[ɖ] </td></tr> <tr> <th>Perso-Arabic<br /><small>(Latin)</small><br />[<a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>] </th> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ذ</span>‎<sup>4</sup></span><br /><small>(Z z)</small><br />[z] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ڎ</span>‎<sup>4</sup></span><br /><small>(Δ δ)</small><br />[ð] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ر</span>‎</span><br /><small>(R r)</small><br />[r] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ز</span>‎</span><br /><small>(Z z)</small><br />[z] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ژ</span>‎</span><br /><small>(Ž ž)</small><br />[ʒ] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ڙ</span>‎</span><br /><small>(Ẓ̌ ẓ̌)</small><br />[ʐ] </td></tr> <tr> <th>Perso-Arabic<br /><small>(Latin)</small><br />[<a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>] </th> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ږ</span>‎</span><br /><small>(Ɣ̌ ɣ̌)</small><br />[ɣ] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">س</span>‎</span><br /><small>(S s)</small><br />[s] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ش</span>‎</span><br /><small>(Š š)</small><br />[ʃ] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ڜ</span>‎</span><br /><small>(Ṣ̌ ṣ̌)</small><br />[ʂ] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ښ</span>‎</span><br /><small>(X̌ x̌)</small><br />[x] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ص</span>‎</span><br /><small>(S s)</small><br />[s] </td></tr> <tr> <th>Perso-Arabic<br /><small>(Latin)</small><br />[<a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>] </th> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ض</span>‎</span><br /><small>(Z z)</small><br />[z] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ط</span>‎</span><br /><small>(T t)</small><br />[t̪] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ظ</span>‎</span><br /><small>(Z z)</small><br />[z] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ع</span>‎</span><br /><small>( - )</small><br />[∅]/[ʔ] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">غ</span>‎</span><br /><small>(Ɣ γ)</small><br />[ʁ] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ف</span>‎</span><br /><small>(F f)</small><br />[f] </td></tr> <tr> <th>Perso-Arabic<br /><small>(Latin)</small><br />[<a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>] </th> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ڤ</span>‎</span><br /><small>(V v)</small><br />[v] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ق</span>‎</span><br /><small>(Q q)</small><br />[q] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ک</span>‎</span><br /><small>(K k)</small><br />[k] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">گ</span>‎</span><br /><small>(G g)</small><br />[ɡ] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ل</span>‎</span><br /><small>(L l)</small><br />[l] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">م</span>‎</span><br /><small>(M m)</small><br />[m] </td></tr> <tr> <th>Perso-Arabic<br /><small>(Latin)</small><br />[<a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>] </th> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ن</span>‎</span><br /><small>(N n)</small><br />[n] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">او / و</span>‎<sup>5</sup></span><br /><small>(W w)</small><br />[u][w] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ؤ</span>‎<sup>6</sup></span><br /><small>(Ы ы)</small><br />[ɨ] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">هـ / ه</span>‎</span><sup>7</sup><br /><small>(H h/ - a)</small><br />[h][a] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ایـ / یـ / ی</span>‎</span><sup>8,9</sup><br /><small>(E e/I i/Y y)</small><br />[e][i][j] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ي</span>‎</span><sup>9</sup><br /><small>(- i)</small><br />[i] </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Notes</b>: </p> <ol><li>Letter <i>alef</i> at the beginning of a word can serve two functions. First, it precedes vowel letters "<span title="Shughni-language text"><span lang="sgh"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ایـ</span>‎</span></span>" [e] and [i], or "<span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">او</span>‎</span></span>" [u]. Second, it acts as a vowel carrier for diacritics of the vowel, "<span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">اَ</span>‎</span></span>" [a].</li> <li>Vowel phoneme [ɔ] is represented with "<span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">آ</span>‎</span></span>" when at the beginning of a word, and with "<span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـا / ا</span>‎</span></span>" when in the middle or end of a word.</li> <li>While the letter <i>se</i> "<span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ث</span>‎</span></span>" represents the phoneme [θ] in Arabic, this letter in Arabic loanwords that have entered <a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Dari (Persian)</a> have come to be pronounced as [s]. Due to consistent contact with <a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Dari (Persian)</a>, Arabic loanwords have entered Wakhi via Persian, with their modified Persian pronunciation. Unlike Persian, Wakhi does have a separate phoneme [θ]. Some sources use the letter <i>se</i> "<span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ث</span>‎</span></span>", whereas others use a new letter, <i>te with 4 dots</i> "<span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ٿ</span>‎</span></span>" that has been introduced so that there can be distinguishment between the native sound [θ] and the sound [s] produced by the letter <i>se</i> "<span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ث</span>‎</span></span>" in loanwords.</li> <li>While the letter <i>zal</i> "<span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ذ</span>‎</span></span>" represents the phoneme [ð] in Arabic, this letter in Arabic loanwords that have entered <a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Dari (Persian)</a> have come to be pronounced as [z]. Due to consistent contact with <a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Dari (Persian)</a>, Arabic loanwords have entered Wakhi via Persian, with their modified Persian pronunciation. Unlike Persian, Wakhi does have a separate phoneme [ð]. Some sources use the letter <i>zal</i> "<span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ذ</span>‎</span></span>", whereas others use a new letter, <i>dal with 3 dots</i> "<span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ڎ</span>‎</span></span>" that has been introduced so that there can be distinguishment between the native sound [ð] and the sound [z] produced by the letter <i>zal</i> "<span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ذ</span>‎</span></span>" in loanwords.</li> <li>Represents two phonemes based on context, [w] and [u]. If used at the beginning of a word, if representing consonant [w], it will be written standalone "<span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">و</span>‎</span></span>", if representing a vowel [u], it will be preceded by <i>alef</i> "<span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">او</span>‎</span></span>".</li> <li>Represents a vowel phoneme. But even if at the beginning of a word, it is written standalone, and without a preceding <i>alef</i>; "<span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ؤ</span>‎</span></span>".</li> <li>At the end of a word, the letter <i>he</i> "<span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ـه ه</span>‎</span></span>" can either represent a consonant sound [h] or a vowel sound [a] depending on context.</li> <li>The letter <i>ye</i> represents three phonemes based on context, [e], [i] and [j]. If used at the beginning of a word, if representing consonant [j], it will be written standalone "<span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">یـ</span>‎</span></span>", if representing a vowel [e] or a vowel [i], it will be preceded by <i>alef</i> "<span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ایـ</span>‎</span></span>".</li> <li>There are two types of <i>final ye</i>. in At the end of a word, if representing the consonant [j], the <i>dotless final ye</i> "<span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ی</span>‎</span></span>" is ued. If representing the vowel [i], the <i>double dot final ye</i> "<span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ي</span>‎</span></span>" is used.</li></ol> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Wakhi Perso-Arabic Vowels (Afghanistan) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>A a</th> <th>O o</th> <th>E e</th> <th>I i</th> <th>Ə ə</th> <th>U u</th> <th>Ы ы </th></tr> <tr> <th>[a]</th> <th>[ɔ]</th> <th>[e]</th> <th>[i]</th> <th>[ə]</th> <th>[u]</th> <th>[ɨ] </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="7">Vowels at the beginning of a word </th></tr> <tr dir="rtl"> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">اَ / ا</span>‎</span></span></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">آ</span>‎</span></span></span> </td> <td>- </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ایـ</span>‎</span></span></span> </td> <td>- </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">او</span>‎</span></span></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ؤ</span>‎</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="7">Vowels at the middle of a word </th></tr> <tr dir="rtl"> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><span title="Wakhi-language text"><i lang="wbl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">◌َ</span>‎</i></span></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ا / ـا</span>‎</span></span></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">◌ِ / یـ / ـیـ</span>‎</span></span></span> </td> <td>- </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">و / ـو</span>‎</span></span></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ؤ / ـؤ</span>‎</span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="7">Vowels at the end of a word </th></tr> <tr dir="rtl"> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ه / ـه</span>‎</span></span></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ا / ـا</span>‎</span></span></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ی / ـی</span>‎</span></span></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ي / ـي</span>‎</span></span></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ی / ـی</span>‎</span></span></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">و / ـو</span>‎</span></span></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ؤ / ـؤ</span>‎</span></span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pakistani_Perso-Arabic_alphabet">Pakistani Perso-Arabic alphabet</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wakhi_language&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Pakistani Perso-Arabic alphabet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The below table is the Pakistani version of the Perso-Arabic alphabet for the Wakhi language.[1] This alphabet has also been derived from the alphabet of <a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Dari</a> (Persian). However, <a href="/wiki/Urdu_alphabet" title="Urdu alphabet">Urdu</a>, Pakistan's national language, has been the source of letters for phonemes that don't exist in Persian. The vowels are shown to reflect Urdu pronunciations and not the <a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Dari</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tajik_language" title="Tajik language">Tajik</a> pronunciation. Meaning that, for example, the phoneme [ɔ], which is equivalent to <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Persian" title="Iranian Persian">Iranian Persian</a>[<a href="/wiki/Open_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open back rounded vowel">ɒː</a>] after having undergone a <a href="/wiki/Chain_shift" title="Chain shift">chain shift</a>, is not written with <i>alef</i> "آ / ا /ا ـا‎", but with the letter <i>waw</i> "<span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">او / و / ـو</span>‎</span></span>".<sup id="cite_ref-Pakistan_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pakistan-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stylistically, while in Afghanistan <i><a href="/wiki/Naskh_(script)" title="Naskh (script)">Naskh</a></i> is the more common script, in Pakistan, similar with Urdu and other orthographies of Northern Pakistan and Pakistani-controlled <a href="/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgit-Baltistan</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Nastaliq" title="Nastaliq">Nastaliq</a></i> is the more common script. </p> <table class="wikitable Unicode" dir="rtl"> <caption>Wakhi Perso-Arabic Letters (Pakistan) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Perso-Arabic<br /><small>(Latin)</small><br />[<a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>] </th> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ا</span></span><sup>1</sup><br /><small>‌ - (A a/E e/I i/U u)</small><br />[∅]([ɨ][ɔ][e][i]) </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">آ / ـا</span></span><sup>2</sup><br /><small>(A a)</small><br />[a] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ب</span></span><br /><small>(B b)</small><br />[b] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">پ</span></span><br /><small>(P p)</small><br />[p] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ت</span></span><br /><small>(T t)</small><br />[t̪] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ٹ</span></span><br /><small>(Ṭ ṭ)</small><br />[ʈ] </td></tr> <tr> <th>Perso-Arabic<br /><small>(Latin)</small><br />[<a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>] </th> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ث</span><sup>3</sup></span><br /><small>(S s)</small><br />[s] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ٿ</span><sup>3</sup></span><br /><small>(Θ ϑ)</small><br />[θ] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ج</span></span><br /><small>(J̌ ǰ)</small><br />[d͡ʒ] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ڃ</span></span><br /><small>(Ž ž)</small><br />[ʒ] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">چ</span></span><br /><small>(Č č)</small><br />[t͡ʃ] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ڇ</span></span><br /><small>(Č̣ č̣)</small><br />[ʈ͡ʂ] </td></tr> <tr> <th>Perso-Arabic<br /><small>(Latin)</small><br />[<a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>] </th> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ح</span></span><br /><small>(H h)</small><br />[h] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">خ</span></span><br /><small>(X x)</small><br />[χ] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ݗ</span></span><br /><small>(X̌ x̌)</small><br />[x] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">څ</span></span><br /><small>(C c)</small><br />[t͡s] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">د</span></span><br /><small>(D d)</small><br />[d̪] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ڈ</span></span><br /><small>(Ḍ ḍ)</small><br />[ɖ] </td></tr> <tr> <th>Perso-Arabic<br /><small>(Latin)</small><br />[<a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>] </th> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ذ</span><sup>4</sup></span><br /><small>(Z z)</small><br />[z] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ڌ</span><sup>4</sup></span><br /><small>(Δ δ)</small><br />[ð] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ر</span></span><br /><small>(R r)</small><br />[r] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ز</span></span><br /><small>(Z z)</small><br />[z] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ڗ</span></span><br /><small>(Ʒ ʒ)</small><br />[d͡z] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ژ</span></span><br /><small>(Ẓ̌ ẓ̌)</small><br />[ʐ] </td></tr> <tr> <th>Perso-Arabic<br /><small>(Latin)</small><br />[<a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>] </th> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ڙ</span></span><br /><small>(J̣̌ ǰ̣)</small><br />[ɖ͡ʐ] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">س</span></span><br /><small>(S s)</small><br />[s] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ش</span></span><br /><small>(Š š)</small><br />[ʃ] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ݜ</span></span><br /><small>(Ṣ̌ ṣ̌)</small><br />[ʂ] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ص</span></span><br /><small>(S s)</small><br />[s] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ض</span></span><br /><small>(Z z)</small><br />[z] </td></tr> <tr> <th>Perso-Arabic<br /><small>(Latin)</small><br />[<a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>] </th> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ط</span></span><br /><small>(T t)</small><br />[t̪] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ظ</span></span><br /><small>(Z z)</small><br />[z] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ع</span></span><br /><small>( - )</small><br />[∅]/[ʔ] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">غ</span></span><br /><small>(Ɣ γ)</small><br />[ʁ] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ݝ</span></span><br /><small>(Ɣ̌ ɣ̌)</small><br />[ɣ] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ف</span></span><br /><small>(F f)</small><br />[f] </td></tr> <tr> <th>Perso-Arabic<br /><small>(Latin)</small><br />[<a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>] </th> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ڤ</span></span><br /><small>(V v)</small><br />[v] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ق</span></span><br /><small>(Q q)</small><br />[q] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ک</span></span><br /><small>(K k)</small><br />[k] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">گ</span></span><br /><small>(G g)</small><br />[ɡ] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ل</span></span><br /><small>(L l)</small><br />[l] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">م</span></span><br /><small>(M m)</small><br />[m] </td></tr> <tr> <th>Perso-Arabic<br /><small>(Latin)</small><br />[<a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>] </th> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ن</span></span><br /><small>(N n)</small><br />[n] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">او / ـُو / و</span><sup>5</sup></span><br /><small>(O o/U u/W w)</small><br />[ɔ][u][w] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ہـ / ہ</span></span><sup>7</sup><br /><small>(H h/ - a)</small><br />[h][a] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ایـ / یـ / ی</span></span><sup>8,9</sup><br /><small>(E e/I i/Y y)</small><br />[e][i][j] </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ے</span></span><sup>9</sup><br /><small>(- e)</small><br />[e] </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Notes</b>: </p> <ol><li>Letter <i>alef</i> at the beginning of a word can serve two functions. First, it precedes vowel letters "<span title="Shughni-language text"><span lang="sgh"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ایـ</span></span></span>" [e] and [i], or "<span title="Shughni-language text"><span lang="sgh"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">او</span></span></span>" [ɔ]. Second, it acts as a vowel carrier for diacritics of the vowel, "<span title="Shughni-language text"><span lang="sgh"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">اُ</span></span></span>" [ɨ].</li> <li>Vowel phoneme [a] is represented with "<span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">آ</span></span></span>" when at the beginning of a word, and with "<span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ـا / ا</span></span></span>" when in the middle or end of a word.</li> <li>While the letter <i>se</i> "<span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ث</span></span></span>" represents the phoneme [θ] in Arabic, this letter in Arabic loanwords that have entered <a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Dari (Persian)</a> have come to be pronounced as [s]. Due to consistent contact with <a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Dari (Persian)</a>, Arabic loanwords have entered Wakhi via Persian, with their modified Persian pronunciation. Unlike Persian, Wakhi does have a separate phoneme [θ]. Some sources use the letter <i>se</i> "<span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ث</span></span></span>", whereas others use a new letter, <i>te with 4 dots</i> "<span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ٿ</span></span></span>" that has been introduced so that there can be distinguishment between the native sound [θ] and the sound [s] produced by the letter <i>se</i> "<span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ث</span></span></span>" in loanwords.</li> <li>While the letter <i>zal</i> "<span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ذ</span></span></span>" represents the phoneme [ð] in Arabic, this letter in Arabic loanwords that have entered <a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Dari (Persian)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a> have come to be pronounced as [z]. Due to consistent contact with <a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Dari (Persian)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>, Arabic loanwords have entered Wakhi via Persian and Urdu, with their modified pronunciation. Unlike Persian and Urdu, Wakhi does have a separate phoneme [ð]. Some sources use the letter <i>zal</i> "<span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ذ</span></span></span>", whereas others use a new letter, <i>dal with 2 dots</i> "<span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ڌ</span></span></span>" that has been introduced so that there can be distinguishment between the native sound [ð] and the sound [z] produced by the letter <i>zal</i> "<span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ذ</span></span></span>" in loanwords.</li> <li>Represents three phonemes based on context, [w], [ɔ], and [u]. If used at the beginning of a word, if representing consonant [w], it will be written standalone "<span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">و</span></span></span>". If representing a vowel [ɔ], it will be preceded by <i>alef</i> "<span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">او</span></span></span>". If representing the vowel [u], it will be preceded by a [w] consonant, carrying a <i><a href="/wiki/Arabic_diacritics#Ḍammah" title="Arabic diacritics">zammah diacritic</a></i> "<span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">وُو</span></span></span>".</li> <li>At the end of a word, the letter <i>he</i> "<span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ـہ ہ</span></span></span>" can either represent a consonant sound [h] or a vowel sound [a] depending on context.</li> <li>The letter <i>ye</i> represents three phonemes based on context, [e], [i] and [j]. If used at the beginning of a word, if representing consonant [j], it will be written standalone "<span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">یـ</span></span></span>", if representing a vowel [e] or a vowel [i], it will be preceded by <i>alef</i> "<span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ایـ</span></span></span>".</li> <li>There are two types of <i>final ye</i>. in At the end of a word, if representing the consonant [j] or the vowel [i], the <i>small ye</i> "<span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ی</span></span></span>" is used. If representing the vowel [e], the <i>big ye</i> "<span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ے</span></span></span>" is used.</li></ol> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Wakhi Perso-Arabic Vowels (Afghanistan) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>A a</th> <th>E e</th> <th>I i</th> <th>Ə ə</th> <th>Ы ы</th> <th>O o</th> <th>U u </th></tr> <tr> <th>[a]</th> <th>[e]</th> <th>[i]</th> <th>[ə]</th> <th>[ɨ]</th> <th>[ɔ]</th> <th>[u] </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="7">Vowels at the beginning of a word </th></tr> <tr dir="rtl"> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">آ</span></span></span></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ایـ</span></span></span></span> </td> <td>- </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">اُ</span></span></span></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">او</span></span></span></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">وُو</span></span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="7">Vowels at the middle of a word </th></tr> <tr dir="rtl"> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">◌َ / ا / ـا</span></span></span></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">◌ِ / یـ / ـیـ</span></span></span></span> </td> <td>- </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><span title="Wakhi-language text"><i lang="wbl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">◌ُ</span></i></span></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">و / ـو</span></span></span></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">◌ُو / ـُو</span></span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="7">Vowels at the end of a word </th></tr> <tr dir="rtl"> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ہ / ـہ</span></span></span></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ے / ـے</span></span></span></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">ی / ـی</span></span></span></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">◌ُ / ـُہ</span></span></span></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">و / ـو</span></span></span></span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;"><span title="Wakhi-language text"><span lang="wbl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">◌ُو / ـُو</span></span></span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cyrillic_script">Cyrillic script</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wakhi_language&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Cyrillic script"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When Wakhi is written in Cyrillic, the sounds are usually represented by these letters:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <table class="wikitable Unicode"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th>Letter </th> <td><b>А а</b></td> <td><b>Б б</b></td> <td><b>В в</b></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%CC%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="В̌">В̌</a> в̌</b></td> <td><b>Г г</b></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%D2%92" class="mw-redirect" title="Ғ">Ғ</a> ғ</b></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%CC%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="Г̌">Г̌</a> г̌</b></td> <td><b>Д д</b></td> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%CC%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Д̣ (page does not exist)">Д̣</a> д̣</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%CC%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="Д̌">Д̌</a> д̌</td> <td><b>Е е</b></td> <td><b>Ё ё</b></td> <td><b>Ж ж</b></td> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%96%CC%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ж̣ (page does not exist)">Ж̣</a> ж̣</b></td> <td><b>З з</b></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%D2%98" class="mw-redirect" title="Ҙ">Ҙ</a> ҙ</b></td> <td><b>И и</b></td> <td><b>Й й</b></td> <td><b>К к</b></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%D2%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="Қ">Қ</a> қ</b></td> <td><b>Л л</b></td> <td><b>М м</b></td> <td><b>Н н</b></td> <td><b>О о</b></td> <td><b>П п</b> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> </th> <td>[a]</td> <td>[b]</td> <td>[v]</td> <td>[w]</td> <td>[ɡ]</td> <td>[ʁ]</td> <td>[ɣ]</td> <td>[d̪]</td> <td>[ɖ]</td> <td>[ð]</td> <td>[e], [je]</td> <td>[jo]</td> <td>[ʒ]</td> <td>[ʐ]</td> <td>[z]</td> <td>[d͡z]</td> <td>[i]</td> <td>[j]</td> <td>[k]</td> <td>[q]</td> <td>[l]</td> <td>[m]</td> <td>[n]</td> <td>[ɔ]</td> <td>[p] </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>Letter </th> <td><b>Р р</b></td> <td><b>С с</b></td> <td><b>Т т</b></td> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%CC%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Т̣ (page does not exist)">Т̣</a> т̣</b></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%CC%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="Т̌">Т̌</a> т̌</b></td> <td><b>У у</b></td> <td><b>Ф ф</b></td> <td><b>Х х</b></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%CC%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="Х̌">Х̌</a> х̌</b></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%D2%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ҳ">Ҳ</a> ҳ</b></td> <td><b>Ц ц</b></td> <td><b>Ч ч</b></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%CC%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="Ч̣">Ч̣</a> ч̣</b></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%D2%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ҷ">Ҷ</a> ҷ</b></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%D2%B6%CC%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="Ҷ̣">Ҷ̣</a> ҷ̣</b></td> <td><b>Ш ш</b></td> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%CC%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ш̣ (page does not exist)">Ш̣</a> ш̣</b></td> <td><b>Щ щ</b></td> <td><b>Ъ ъ</b></td> <td><b>Ы ы</b></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%D3%98" class="mw-redirect" title="Ә">Ә</a> ә</b></td> <td><b>Ь ь</b></td> <td><b>Э э</b></td> <td><b>Ю ю</b></td> <td><b>Я я</b> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> </th> <td>[r]</td> <td>[s]</td> <td>[t̪]</td> <td>[ʈ] </td> <td>[θ]</td> <td>[u]</td> <td>[f]</td> <td>[χ]</td> <td>[x]</td> <td>[h]</td> <td>[t͡s]</td> <td>[t͡ʃ]</td> <td>[ʈ͡ʂ]</td> <td>[d͡ʒ]</td> <td>[ɖ͡ʐ]</td> <td>[ʃ]</td> <td>[ʂ]</td> <td>[ʃt͡ʃ]</td> <td>Ø</td> <td>[ɨ]</td> <td>[ə]</td> <td>Ø</td> <td>[e]</td> <td>[ju]</td> <td>[ja] </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latin_script">Latin script</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wakhi_language&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Latin script"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WakhiAlphabetNew.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/WakhiAlphabetNew.png/220px-WakhiAlphabetNew.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="343" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/WakhiAlphabetNew.png/330px-WakhiAlphabetNew.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/WakhiAlphabetNew.png 2x" data-file-width="367" data-file-height="573" /></a><figcaption>The new Wakhi alphabet, which includes some Cyrillic and Greek letters, which was developed in 1984 by Haqiqat Ali:<sup id="cite_ref-Ali_1984_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali_1984-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure><p>A Latin alphabet, which in some variants includes Cyrillic and Greek letters, was developed in 1953 by I.I. Zaroubine and V. S. Sokolova, and further developed by A.L Grünberg and I.M Stéblinn-Kamensky in the early 1960s:<sup id="cite_ref-Luke_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Luke-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ali_1984_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali_1984-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><table class="wikitable Unicode"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th>Letter </th> <td><b>A a</b></td> <td><b>Ā ā</b></td> <td><b>Ā̒ ā̒</b></td> <td><b>B b</b></td> <td><b>C c</b></td> <td><b>Č č</b></td> <td><b>Č̣ č̣</b></td> <td><b>D d</b></td> <td><b>Ḍ ḍ</b></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%CE%94" class="mw-redirect" title="Δ">Δ</a> δ</b></td> <td><b>E e</b></td> <td><b>Ə ə</b></td> <td><b>F f</b></td> <td><b>G g</b></td> <td><b>Ɣ γ</b></td> <td><b>Ɣ̌ ɣ̌</b></td> <td><b>H h</b></td> <td><b>I i</b></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/J%CC%8C" title="J̌">J̌</a> <a href="/wiki/J%CC%8C" title="J̌">ǰ</a></b></td> <td><b>J̣̌ ǰ̣</b></td> <td><b>K k</b></td> <td><b>L l</b></td> <td><b>M m</b></td> <td><b>N n</b> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> </th> <td>[a]</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>[b]</td> <td>[t͡s]</td> <td>[t͡ʃ]</td> <td>[ʈ͡ʂ]</td> <td>[d̪]</td> <td>[ɖ]</td> <td>[ð]</td> <td>[e]</td> <td>[ə]</td> <td>[f]</td> <td>[ɡ]</td> <td>[ʁ]</td> <td>[ɣ]</td> <td>[h]</td> <td>[i]</td> <td>[d͡ʒ]</td> <td>[ɖ͡ʐ]</td> <td>[k]</td> <td>[l]</td> <td>[m]</td> <td>[n] </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>Letter </th> <td><b>O o</b></td> <td><b>Ō ō</b></td> <td><b>Ō̒ ō̒</b></td> <td><b>P p</b></td> <td><b>Q q</b></td> <td><b>R r</b></td> <td><b>S s</b></td> <td><b>Š š</b></td> <td><b>Ṣ̌ ṣ̌</b></td> <td><b>T t</b></td> <td><b>Ṭ ṭ</b></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Theta" title="Theta">Θ</a> <a href="/wiki/%CE%98" class="mw-redirect" title="Θ">θ</a></b></td> <td><b>U u</b></td> <td><b>U̒ u̒</b></td> <td><b>Ū̒ ū̒</b></td> <td><b>V v</b></td> <td><b>W w</b></td> <td><b>X x</b></td> <td><b>X̌ x̌</b></td> <td><b>Y y</b></td> <td><b>Z z</b></td> <td><b>Ž ž</b></td> <td><b>Ẓ̌ ẓ̌</b></td> <td><b>Ʒ ʒ</b></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ы">Ы</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ы">ы</a></b> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> </th> <td>[ɔ]</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>[p]</td> <td>[q]</td> <td>[r]</td> <td>[s]</td> <td>[ʃ]</td> <td>[ʂ]</td> <td>[t̪]</td> <td>[ʈ]</td> <td>[θ]</td> <td>[u]</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>[v]</td> <td>[w]</td> <td>[χ]</td> <td>[x]</td> <td>[j]</td> <td>[z]</td> <td>[ʒ]</td> <td>[ʐ]</td> <td>[d͡z]</td> <td>[ɨ] </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sample_text">Sample text</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wakhi_language&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sample text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sample text from a Bible translation published in 2001 is shown below:<sup id="cite_ref-Luke_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Luke-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a> 11:2–4)</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Wakhi in Latin alphabet </th> <th>Wakhi in Cyrillic alphabet </th> <th>English (<a href="/wiki/English_Standard_Version" title="English Standard Version">ESV</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <td><sup>2</sup>Yiso yavər x̌atəy: «Sayišt ʒi dəo carəv, x̌anəv: „Ey bzыrgwor Tat ki də osmonət cəy! Ti bəzыrg nung bər olam ыmыt! Ləcər dəwroni Ti podšoyi γ̌at-ət, zəmin-ət zəmon də hыkmi taw ыmыt! </td> <td><sup>2</sup>Йисо йавəр х̌атəй: «Сайишт ҙи дəо царəв, х̌анəв: „Ей бзыргв̌ор Тат ки дə осмонəт цəй! Ти бəзырг нунг бəр олам ымыт! Лəцəр дəв̌рони Ти подшойи г̌ат-əт, зəмин-əт зəмон дə ҳыкми тав̌ ымыт! </td> <td><sup>2</sup>And he said to them, When you pray, say: Father, hallowed be your name. Your kingdom come. </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>3</sup>Spo rыsq-ət rыzi sakər nəsib car! </td> <td><sup>3</sup>Спо рысқ-əт рызи сакəр нəсиб цар! </td> <td><sup>3</sup>Give us each day our daily bread, </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>4</sup>Cə spo gənoən šəxs! Sak bə kuy, ki sakər šakiγ̌ cə kərk! kыx̌tər baxṣ̌əṣ̌ carən. Cə bandi nafs-ət awasən, Cə waswasayi Iblisən saki niga δыr!“» </td> <td><sup>4</sup>Цə спо гəноəн шəхс! Сак бə куй, ки сакəр шакиг̌ цə кəрк! Кых̌тəр бахш̣əш̣ царəн. Цə банди нафс-əт ав̌асəн, Цə в̌асв̌асайи Иблисəн саки нига д̌ыр!“» </td> <td><sup>4</sup>and forgive us our sins, for we ourselves forgive everyone who is indebted to us. And lead us not into temptation. </td></tr> <tr> <th>Wakhi in Perso-Arabic Script (Afghanistan) </th> <th>Wakhi in Perso-Arabic Script (Pakistan) </th> <th>Dari <sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td dir="rtl"><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;"><sup>۲</sup>عیسا یَڤر ښَتی:‌ «سَییشت ځي دعا څَری ښَنڤ: ای بزؤرگوار تَت کي دی آسمانت څی! تي بزؤرگ نونگ بر عالم اؤمؤت! لڅر دورانی تي پادشایي ږَتت، زمینت زمان دی حؤکمي تَو اؤمؤت!</span>‎</span> </td> <td dir="rtl"><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;"><sup>۲</sup>عیسو یاڤر ݗاتی:‌ «ساییشت ڃی دعو څانڤ:‌ ای بزُرگووْر تات دی اوسمونت څای! تی بزُرگ نُونگ بر عولَم اُمُت! لڅر دورونی تی پودشویی ݝاتت، زمینت زمون دی حُکمی تاو اُمُت!</span>‎</span> </td> <td dir="rtl"><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;"><sup>۲</sup>عیسی به آنها گفت: «هر وقت دعا می کنید، بگویید: ای پدر آسمانی، نام تو مقدس باد. پادشاهی تو بیاید.</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td dir="rtl"><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;"><sup>۳</sup>سپا رؤزقت رؤزي سَکر نصیب څَر!</span>‎</span> </td> <td dir="rtl"><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;"><sup>۳</sup>سپو رُزقت زُزی ساکر نصیب څار!</span>‎</span> </td> <td dir="rtl"><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;"><sup>۳</sup>نان روزانۀ ما را امروز به ما بده.</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td dir="rtl"><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;"><sup>۴</sup>څی سپا گناهن شخص! سک بی کوی، کي سَکر شاکیږ څی کرک! کؤښتر بخڜڜ څَرن. څی بَندي نَفست اَوَسن، څی وَسوَسه‌یي اِبلیسن سَکي نیگه ڎؤر!»</span>‎</span> </td> <td dir="rtl"><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;"><sup>۴</sup>څی سپو گنوهن شخص! سکا بی کوی، کی ساکر شاکیݝ څی کرک! کُݗتر باخݜݜ څارن. څی باندی نَفست آواسن، څی وَسوَسه‌یی اِبلیسن ساکی نیگہ ڌُر!»</span>‎</span> </td> <td dir="rtl"><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;"><sup>۴</sup>گناهان ما را ببخش، زیرا ما نیز همه کسانی را که به ما گناه کرده اند می بخشیم. ما را آزمایش مکن.»</span>‎</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vocabulary">Vocabulary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wakhi_language&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Vocabulary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Wakhi lexicon exhibits significant differences with the other Pamir languages. Gawarjon's comparison of the dialects of <a href="/wiki/Sarikoli_language" title="Sarikoli language">Sarikoli</a> and Wakhi spoken in China is reproduced below. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Lexical comparison of seven Iranian languages</b><sup id="cite_ref-Gawarjon_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawarjon-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English gloss</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Tajik_language" title="Tajik language">Tajik</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Shughni_language" title="Shughni language">Shughni</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Sarikoli_language" title="Sarikoli language">Sarikoli</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a> </th> <th>Wakhi </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Avestan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Avestan language">Avestan</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>one</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">jæk</span> (یک)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">jak</span> (як)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">jiw</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">iw</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">jaw</span> (يو)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ji</span></td> <td>aēuua- </td></tr> <tr> <td>meat</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɡuʃt</span> (گوشت)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɡuʃt</span> (гушт)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɡuːxt</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɡɯxt</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɣwaxa,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɣwaʂa</span> (غوښه)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɡuʂt</span></td> <td>? </td></tr> <tr> <td>son</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">pesær</span> (پسر)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">pisar</span> (писар)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">puts</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">pɯts</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">zoi</span> (زوی)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">putr</span></td> <td>puθra- </td></tr> <tr> <td>fire</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɒtæʃ</span> (اتش)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">otaʃ</span> (оташ)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">joːts</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">juts</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">or</span> (اور)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">rɯχniɡ</span></td> <td>ātar- </td></tr> <tr> <td>water</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɒb</span> (اب)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ob</span> (об)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">xats</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">xats</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">obə</span> (اوبه)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">jupk</span></td> <td>āp-, ap- </td></tr> <tr> <td>hand</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">dæst</span> (دست)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">dast</span> (даст)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ðust</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ðɯst</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">lɑs</span> (لاس)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ðast</span></td> <td>zasta- </td></tr> <tr> <td>foot</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">pɒ</span> (پا)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">po</span> (по)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">poːð</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">peð</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">pxa,<span class="wrap"> </span>pʂa</span> (پښه)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">pɯð</span></td> <td>pāδ- </td></tr> <tr> <td>tooth</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">dændɒn</span> (دندان)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">dandon</span> (дандон)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ðinðʉn</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ðanðun</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɣɑx,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɣɑʂ</span> (غاښ)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ðɯnðɯk</span></td> <td>daṇt- </td></tr> <tr> <td>eye</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tʃæʃm</span> (چشم)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tʃaʃm</span> (чашм)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tsem</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tsem</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">stərɡa</span> (سترګه)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tʂəʐm</span></td> <td>cašman- </td></tr> <tr> <td>horse</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">æsb</span> (اسب)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">asp</span> (асп)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">voːrdʒ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">vurdʒ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɑs</span> (masculine), <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">aspa</span> (feminine) (آس,اسپه)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">jaʃ</span></td> <td>aspa- </td></tr> <tr> <td>cloud</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">æbr</span> (ابر)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">abr</span> (абр)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">abre</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">varm</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">urjadz</span> (اوريځ)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">mur</span></td> <td>maēγa-, aβra- </td></tr> <tr> <td>wheat</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɡændom</span> (گندم)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɡandum</span> (гандум)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʒindam</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʒandam</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɣanam</span> (غنم)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɣɯdim</span></td> <td>gaṇtuma- </td></tr> <tr> <td>many</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">besjɒr</span> (بسيار)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">bisjor</span> (бисёр)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">bisjoːr</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">pɯr</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɖer</span> (ډېر)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">təqi</span></td> <td>pouru- </td></tr> <tr> <td>high</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">bolænd</span> (بلند)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">baland</span> (баланд)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">biland</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">bɯland</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">lwaɻ</span> (لوړ)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">bɯland</span></td> <td>bərəzaṇt- </td></tr> <tr> <td>far</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">dur</span> (دور)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">dur</span> (дур)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ðar</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ðar</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ləre</span> (لرې)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ðir</span></td> <td>dūra- </td></tr> <tr> <td>good</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">χub</span> (خوب)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">χub</span> (хуб)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">baʃand</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tʃardʒ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">xə,<span class="wrap"> </span>ʂə</span> (ښه)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">baf</span></td> <td>vohu-, vaŋhu- </td></tr> <tr> <td>small</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">kutʃik</span> (کوچک)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">χurd</span> (хурд)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">dzulik</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">dzɯl</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ləɡ,<span class="wrap"> </span>ləʐ</span> (لږ)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">dzəqlai</span></td> <td>? </td></tr> <tr> <td>to say</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɡoft</span> (گفت)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɡuft</span> (гуфт)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">lʉvdo</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">levd</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">wajəl</span> (ويل)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">xənak</span></td> <td>aoj-, mrū-, saŋh- </td></tr> <tr> <td>to do</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">kærd</span> (کرد)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">kard</span> (кард)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tʃiːdo</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tʃeiɡ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">kawəl</span> (کول)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tsərak</span></td> <td>kar- </td></tr> <tr> <td>easiness</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɒsɒni</span> (آسانی)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">osonj</span> (осонй)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">os:une</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ossoni</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">asanatiya</span> (اسانتیا)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ossony</span></td> <td>usi- </td></tr> <tr> <td>to see</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">did</span> (ديد)/ bin (present stem)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">did</span> (дид)/ bin(бин)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">wiːnto</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">wand</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">lid</span> (لید)/ win (present stem)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">wiŋɡ</span></td> <td>dī-, vaēn- </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wakhi_language&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Pakistan multiple books have been published since 1980s. X̌ikwor zik by Master Haqiqat, Religious hymes by Riaz Ahmed Riaz. Qaida e Wakhi Zaban by Ahmed Jami Sakhi. Magazines and Parlon Wakhi by Karim Khan Saka. "Beyoz-e-Bulbul" by <a href="/wiki/Nazir_Ahmad_Bulbul" title="Nazir Ahmad Bulbul">Nazir Ahmad Bulbul</a>. A collection of old and new poems folklores compiled by Bulbulik Heritage Center, Gulmit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wakhi_language&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wakhi_people" title="Wakhi people">Wakhi people</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wakhi_language&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-e18-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e18_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/wbl/">Wakhi</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (18th ed., 2015) <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFrye1984" class="citation book cs1">Frye, R.N. (1984). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofancient0000frye"><i>The History of Ancient Iran</i></a></span>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofancient0000frye/page/192">192</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783406093975" title="Special:BookSources/9783406093975"><bdi>9783406093975</bdi></a>. <q>[T]hese western Saka he distinguishes from eastern Saka who moved south through the Kashgar-Tashkurgan-Gilgit-Swat route to the plains of the sub-continent of India. This would account for the existence of the ancient Khotanese-Saka speakers, documents of whom have been found in western Sinkiang, and the modern Wakhi language of Wakhan in Afghanistan, another modern branch of descendants of Saka speakers parallel to the Ossetes in the west.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Ancient+Iran&rft.pages=192&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=9783406093975&rft.aulast=Frye&rft.aufirst=R.N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofancient0000frye&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWakhi+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBailey1982" class="citation book cs1">Bailey, H.W. (1982). <i>The culture of the Sakas in ancient Iranian Khotan</i>. Caravan Books. pp. 7–10. <q>It is noteworthy that the Wakhi language of Wakhan has features, phonetics, and vocabulary the nearest of Iranian dialects to Khotan Saka.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+culture+of+the+Sakas+in+ancient+Iranian+Khotan&rft.pages=7-10&rft.pub=Caravan+Books&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=H.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWakhi+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarpelanParpolaKoskikallio2001" class="citation journal cs1">Carpelan, C.; Parpola, A.; Koskikallio, P. (2001). "Early Contacts Between Uralic and Indo-European: Linguistic and Archaeological Considerations: Papers Presented at an International Symposium Held at the Tvärminne Research Station of the University of Helsinki, 8–10 January, 1999". <i>Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura</i>. <b>242</b>: 136. <q>...descendants of these languages survive now only in the Ossete language of the Caucasus and the Wakhi language of the Pamirs, the latter related to the Saka once spoken in Khotan.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Suomalais-Ugrilainen+Seura&rft.atitle=Early+Contacts+Between+Uralic+and+Indo-European%3A+Linguistic+and+Archaeological+Considerations%3A+Papers+Presented+at+an+International+Symposium+Held+at+the+Tv%C3%A4rminne+Research+Station+of+the+University+of+Helsinki%2C+8%E2%80%9310+January%2C+1999&rft.volume=242&rft.pages=136&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Carpelan&rft.aufirst=C.&rft.au=Parpola%2C+A.&rft.au=Koskikallio%2C+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWakhi+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPayne1989" class="citation book cs1">Payne, John (1989). "Pamir Languages". In Schmitt, Rüdiger (ed.). <i>Compendium Linguarum Iranicum</i>. Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag. p. 419. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-88226-413-6" title="Special:BookSources/3-88226-413-6"><bdi>3-88226-413-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pamir+Languages&rft.btitle=Compendium+Linguarum+Iranicum&rft.place=Wiesbaden&rft.pages=419&rft.pub=Dr.+Ludwig+Reichert+Verlag&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=3-88226-413-6&rft.aulast=Payne&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWakhi+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFViiresLauri_Vahtre2001" class="citation book cs1">Viires, Ants; Lauri Vahtre (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/index1.shtml"><i>The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire</i></a>. Tallinn: NGO Red Book. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9985-9369-2-2" title="Special:BookSources/9985-9369-2-2"><bdi>9985-9369-2-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Red+Book+of+the+Peoples+of+the+Russian+Empire&rft.place=Tallinn&rft.pub=NGO+Red+Book&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9985-9369-2-2&rft.aulast=Viires&rft.aufirst=Ants&rft.au=Lauri+Vahtre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eki.ee%2Fbooks%2Fredbook%2Findex1.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWakhi+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Wakhi Tajik Cultural Association report 1991–2001</i>. Pakistan: Wakhi Cultural Association. 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wakhi+Tajik+Cultural+Association+report+1991%E2%80%932001&rft.place=Pakistan&rft.pub=Wakhi+Cultural+Association&rft.date=2001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWakhi+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See the book online<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> "The Kirghiz and Wakhi of Afghanistan in Turkey"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pakistan-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pakistan_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pakistan_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jami, Sakhi Ahmad. (2004) <i>Languages and Literature of the Northern Areas (Balti, Shina, Khowar, Burushaski, Wakhi)</i> / شمالی علاقہ جات کی زبانیں و ادب (بلتی، شنا، کھوار، بروشسکی، وخی) (Urdu). Chapter <i>The origin and evolution of the Wakhi language</i> / وخی زبان کا آغاز و ارتقاء. Allama Iqbal Open University <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/20220522_20220522_1846">Access</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Afghanistan-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Afghanistan_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Afghanistan_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gurg Ali Khayrkhah. <i>Wakhi Literacy Primer - Teacher’s Guide</i> / ڜؤرد جاینکؤرگڤ کتاب - سک ښیک زیک - کتاب رهنمای معلمڤر (Wakhani ). AP Mersi Afghanistan Publisher <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://zabanha.af/sites/default/files/print-resources/wakhi/Wakhi%20literacy%20primer%20teachers_%20guide.pdf">[1]</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240318144109/https://zabanha.af/sites/default/files/print-resources/wakhi/Wakhi%20literacy%20primer%20teachers_%20guide.pdf">Archive</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180502141043/http://www.pamirian.ru/Wakhi_language_transition.pdf">"[.m] masterhost - профессиональный хостинг сайтаwww.pamirian.ru"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.pamirian.ru</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pamirian.ru/Wakhi_language_transition.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2018-05-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.pamirian.ru&rft.atitle=%26%2391%3B.m%26%2393%3B+masterhost+-+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3+%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B0www.pamirian.ru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pamirian.ru%2FWakhi_language_transition.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWakhi+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scriptsource.org/cms/scripts/page.php?item_id=wrSys_detail&key=wbl-Arab">"ScriptSource - Wakhi written with Arabic script, Naskh variant"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ScriptSource+-+Wakhi+written+with+Arabic+script%2C+Naskh+variant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscriptsource.org%2Fcms%2Fscripts%2Fpage.php%3Fitem_id%3DwrSys_detail%26key%3Dwbl-Arab&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWakhi+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ido, S. (2017). The Vowel System of Jewish Bukharan Tajik: With Special Reference to the Tajik Vowel Chain Shift. Journal of Jewish Languages, 5(1), 81–103. doi:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134638-12340078">10.1163/22134638-12340078</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ali_1984-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ali_1984_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ali_1984_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAli1984" class="citation book cs1">Ali, Haqiqat (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ju1jAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Haqiqat+Ali%22+%2BWakhi"><i>Wakhi Language</i></a>. Vol. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wakhi+Language&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=Haqiqat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJu1jAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522Haqiqat%2BAli%2522%2B%252BWakhi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWakhi+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Luke-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Luke_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Luke_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Luqo Inǰil (Gospel of Luke)</i>. (in Wakhi). Bəzыrg Kitob tarǰimacrakыzg institute. 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Luqo+In%C7%B0il+%28Gospel+of+Luke%29&rft.series=%28in+Wakhi%29&rft.pub=B%C9%99z%D1%8Brg+Kitob+tar%C7%B0imacrak%D1%8Bzg+institute&rft.date=2001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWakhi+language" class="Z3988"></span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christusrex.org/www1/pater/kuhl1/wakhani-rom-source.jpg">Title page</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christusrex.org/www1/pater/kuhl1/wakhani-rom-1.jpg">passages in Roman alphabet</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.christusrex.org/www1/pater/kuhl1/wakhani-rom-2.jpg">[2]</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christusrex.org/www1/pater/kuhl1/wakhani-cyr-1.jpg">passages in Cyrillic alphabet</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.christusrex.org/www1/pater/kuhl1/wakhani-cyr-2.jpg">[3]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Afghan Bibles</i>. (2022-New Dari). <i>The Holy Bible in Dari</i> / کتاب مقدس دری (Dari). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://afghanbibles.org/prs/dari-bible/luke/luke-11?prefdialect=ndv">https://afghanbibles.org/prs/dari-bible/luke/luke-11?prefdialect=ndv</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gawarjon-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gawarjon_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGawarjon_(高尔锵/Gāo_Ěrqiāng)1985" class="citation book cs1">Gawarjon (高尔锵/Gāo Ěrqiāng) (1985). <i>Outline of the Tajik language (塔吉克语简志/Tǎjíkèyǔ Jiǎnzhì)</i>. Beijing: Nationalities Publishing House.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Outline+of+the+Tajik+language+%28%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD%E7%AE%80%E5%BF%97%2FT%C7%8Ej%C3%ADk%C3%A8y%C7%94+Ji%C7%8Enzh%C3%AC%29&rft.place=Beijing&rft.pub=Nationalities+Publishing+House&rft.date=1985&rft.au=Gawarjon+%28%E9%AB%98%E5%B0%94%E9%94%B5%2FG%C4%81o+%C4%9Arqi%C4%81ng%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWakhi+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wakhi_language&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Kaufman, Daniel. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sunysb.edu/commcms/nacil/pdfs/slides-handouts/Kaufman_NACIL1_handout.pdf">Double oblique case and agreement across two dialects of Wakhi</a>." First North American Conference in Iranian Linguistics (NACIL). Vol. 1. 2017.</li> <li>Obrtelová, Jaroslava. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rdwg.sciencesconf.org/data/programReported_speech_reported_perception_and_deictic_shifts_in_Wakhi_final.pdf">Reported speech, reported perception and deictic shifts in Wakhi</a>." (Uppsala University / CeRMI; CNRS, Paris)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wakhi_language&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/32px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/48px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/64px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/wbl" class="extiw" title="incubator:Wp/wbl">Wakhi language test</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> at <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Incubator" class="extiw" title="meta:Wikimedia Incubator">Wikimedia Incubator</a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.angelfire.com/sd/tajikistanupdate/engpamirlanguages.html">English-Ishkashimi-Zebaki-Wakhi-Yazghulami Vocabulary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090102044259/http://bulbulek.webs.com/">Wakhi poetry</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Afghanistan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Afghanistan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Afghanistan" title="Languages of Afghanistan">Languages of Afghanistan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Dari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Afghanistan" title="Portal:Afghanistan">Afghanistan portal</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balochi_language" title="Balochi language">Balochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuristani_languages" title="Nuristani languages">Nuristani</a> (language family)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashayi_languages" title="Pashayi languages">Pashayi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_language" title="Tajik language">Tajiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Askunu_language" title="Askunu language">Ashkun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahui_language" title="Brahui language">Brahui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kat%C3%AB_language" title="Katë language">Katë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khowar_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Khowar language">Khowar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moghol_language" title="Moghol language">Moghol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamir_languages" title="Pamir languages">Pamiri</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Ishkashimi_language" title="Ishkashimi language">Ishkashimi</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Munji_language" title="Munji language">Munji</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Shughni_language" title="Shughni language">Shughni</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Yidgha_language" title="Yidgha language">Yidgha</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasi-wari" title="Wasi-wari">Prasun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tregami_language" title="Tregami language">Tregami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalasha-ala" title="Kalasha-ala">Waigali</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wakhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zemiaki_language" title="Zemiaki language">Zemiaki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Sign_Language" title="Afghan Sign Language">Afghan Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Pakistan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Pakistan" title="Template:Languages of Pakistan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Pakistan" title="Template talk:Languages of Pakistan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Pakistan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Pakistan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Pakistan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Pakistan" title="Languages of Pakistan">Languages of Pakistan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_language" title="National language">national</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_English" title="Pakistani English">English</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other languages<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(by <a href="/wiki/Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Administrative units of Pakistan">administrative unit</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir">Azad Kashmir</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_language" title="Dogri language">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujari_language" title="Gujari language">Gujari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_language" title="Kashmiri language">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundal_Shahi_language" title="Kundal Shahi language">Kundal Shahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahari-Pothwari" title="Pahari-Pothwari">Pahari-Pothwari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Balochistan, Pakistan">Balochistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balochi_language" title="Balochi language">Balochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahui_language" title="Brahui language">Brahui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehwari_language" title="Dehwari language">Dehwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazaragi_dialect" title="Hazaragi dialect">Hazaragi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jadgali_language" title="Jadgali language">Jadgali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khetrani_language" title="Khetrani language">Khetrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanetsi" title="Wanetsi">Wanetsi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgit-Baltistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balti_language" title="Balti language">Balti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burushaski" title="Burushaski">Burushaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawoodi_language" title="Dawoodi language">Dawoodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khowar_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Khowar language">Khowar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purgi_language" title="Purgi language">Purgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shina_language" title="Shina language">Shina</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wakhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burushaski" title="Burushaski">Burushaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badeshi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Badeshi language">Badeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bateri_language" title="Bateri language">Bateri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilisso_language" title="Chilisso language">Chilisso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dameli_language" title="Dameli language">Dameli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gawar-Bati_language" title="Gawar-Bati language">Gawar-Bati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gowro_language" title="Gowro language">Gowro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindko" title="Hindko">Hindko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Kohistani" title="Indus Kohistani">Indus Kohistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalami language">Kalami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalasha-mun" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalasha-mun">Kalasha-mun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalkoti_language" title="Kalkoti language">Kalkoti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamviri_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamviri dialect">Kamviri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khowar_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Khowar language">Khowar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohistani_Shina" title="Kohistani Shina">Kohistani Shina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mankiyali_language" title="Mankiyali language">Mankiyali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munji_language" title="Munji language">Munji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ormuri" title="Ormuri">Ormuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palula_language" title="Palula language">Palula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawi_language_(Dardic)" title="Sawi language (Dardic)">Sawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shekhani_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Shekhani dialect">Shekhani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torwali_language" title="Torwali language">Torwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushoji_language" title="Ushoji language">Ushoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waziristani_dialect" title="Waziristani dialect">Wazir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yidgha_language" title="Yidgha language">Yidgha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagri_language" title="Bagri language">Bagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_language" title="Dogri language">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindko" title="Hindko">Hindko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabutra_language" title="Kabutra language">Kabutra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwari_language" title="Marwari language">Marwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mewari_language" title="Mewari language">Mewari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahari-Pothwari" title="Pahari-Pothwari">Pothwari Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_dialects_and_languages" title="Punjabi dialects and languages">dialects</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraiki_language" title="Saraiki language">Saraiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthani_languages" title="Rajasthani languages">Rajasthani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangri_dialect_(Haryanvi)" title="Rangri dialect (Haryanvi)">Rangri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aer_language" title="Aer language">Aer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagri_language" title="Bagri language">Bagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaya_language" title="Bhaya language">Bhaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhatki_language" title="Dhatki language">Dhatki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goaria_language" title="Goaria language">Goaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jandavra_language" title="Jandavra language">Jandavra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jogi_language" title="Jogi language">Jogi</a></li> <li>Koli <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kachi_Koli_language" title="Kachi Koli language">Kachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkari_Koli_language" title="Parkari Koli language">Parkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadiyara_Koli_language" title="Wadiyara Koli language">Wadiyara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutchi_language" title="Kutchi language">Kutchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loarki_language" title="Loarki language">Loarki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwari_language" title="Marwari language">Marwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memoni_language" title="Memoni language">Memoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mewari_language" title="Mewari language">Mewari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Od_language" title="Od language">Od</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthani_languages" title="Rajasthani languages">Rajasthani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangri_dialect_(Haryanvi)" title="Rangri dialect (Haryanvi)">Rangri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaghri_language" title="Vaghri language">Vaghri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dardic_languages" title="Dardic languages">Dardic languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranic languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_Sign_Language" title="Indo-Pakistani Sign Language">Pakistani Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_language_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Persian language in the Indian subcontinent">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi_in_Pakistan" title="Hindi in Pakistan">Pakistani Hindi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_language" title="Chagatai language">Chagatai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Tajikistan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Tajikistan" title="Template:Languages of Tajikistan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Tajikistan" title="Template talk:Languages of Tajikistan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Tajikistan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Tajikistan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Tajikistan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tajikistan" title="Languages of Tajikistan">Languages of Tajikistan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_language" title="Tajik language">Tajik</a> (state)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> (interethnic)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Significant<br />minority</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Uzbek" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uzbek</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Northern Uzbek language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Uzbek_language" title="Southern Uzbek language">Southern Uzbek language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous languages">Indigenous languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pamir" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pamir_languages" title="Pamir languages">Pamir</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aimaqi" class="mw-redirect" title="Aimaqi">Aimaqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartangi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bartangi">Bartangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukhori" class="mw-redirect" title="Bukhori">Bukhori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishkashimi_language" title="Ishkashimi language">Ishkashimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khowar" title="Khowar">Khowar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khufi_language" title="Khufi language">Khufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oroshani_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Oroshani language">Oroshani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parya_language" title="Parya language">Parya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rushani" class="mw-redirect" title="Rushani">Rushani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanglechi-Ishkashimi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanglechi-Ishkashimi">Sanglechi-Ishkashimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shughni_language" title="Shughni language">Shughni</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wakhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaghnobi_language" title="Yaghnobi language">Yaghnobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazgulyam_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yazgulyam language">Yazgulyam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional/Minority<br />languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_Arabic" title="Central Asian Arabic">Central Asian Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_language" title="Crimean Tatar language">Crimean Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungan_language" title="Dungan language">Dungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazaragi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazaragi">Hazaragi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parya_language" title="Parya language">Parya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashto_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashto language">Pashto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_language" title="Tatar language">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Families</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Slavic_languages" title="East Slavic languages">East Slavic languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Sign_Language_family" title="French Sign Language family">French Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic languages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mixed-speech</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Iranian style</li> <li>Russian-Tajik mixed speech</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">Signs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Sign_Language" title="Russian Sign Language">Russian Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Farsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Farsi">Farsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_China" title="Template:Languages of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_China" title="Template talk:Languages of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_China" title="Languages of China">Languages of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Chinese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_China" title="Autonomous regions of China">ARs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">SARs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a><sup><b><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Cantonese" title="Hong Kong Cantonese">HK</a>/MC</b></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_English" title="Hong Kong English">English</a><sup><b>HK</b></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language_in_Inner_Mongolia" title="Mongolian language in Inner Mongolia">Mongolian</a><sup><b>NM</b></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macanese_Portuguese" title="Macanese Portuguese">Portuguese</a><sup><b>MC</b></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Tibetan" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Tibetan">Tibetan</a><sup><b>XZ</b></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_language" title="Uyghur language">Uyghur</a><sup><b>XJ</b></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Zhuang" title="Standard Zhuang">Zhuang</a><sup><b>GX</b></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_prefectures_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous prefectures of China">Prefecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_language" title="Hmong language">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kam_language" title="Kam language">Kam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouyei_language" title="Bouyei language">Bouyei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tujia_language" title="Tujia language">Tujia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_language_in_China" title="Korean language in China">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiangic_languages" title="Qiangic languages">Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_people#Language" title="Yi people">Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Nuea_language" title="Tai Nuea language">Tai Nüa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Lue_language" title="Tai Lue language">Tai Lü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaiwa_language" title="Zaiwa language">Zaiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisu_language" title="Lisu language">Lisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bai_language" title="Bai language">Bai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hani_language" title="Hani language">Hani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Zhuang" title="Standard Zhuang">Zhuang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_counties_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous counties of China">Counties</a>/<a href="/wiki/Banners_of_Inner_Mongolia#Autonomous_banner" title="Banners of Inner Mongolia">Banners</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">numerous</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Sino-Tibetan_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lolo-Burmese_languages" title="Lolo-Burmese languages">Lolo-<br />Burmese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mondzish_languages" title="Mondzish languages">Mondzish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kathu_language" title="Kathu language">Kathu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maang_language" title="Maang language">Maang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manga_language_(China)" title="Manga language (China)">Manga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mango_language_(China)" title="Mango language (China)">Mango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maza_language" title="Maza language">Maza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantsi_language" title="Mantsi language">Mondzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muangphe_language" title="Muangphe language">Muangphe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Burmish_languages" title="Burmish languages">Burmish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achang_language" title="Achang language">Achang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiandao_dialect" title="Xiandao dialect">Xiandao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pela_language" title="Pela language">Pela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lashi_language" title="Lashi language">Lashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chashan_language" title="Chashan language">Chashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhao_Vo_language" title="Lhao Vo language">Lhao Vo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaiwa_language" title="Zaiwa language">Zaiwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Loloish_languages" title="Loloish languages">Loloish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Loloish_languages" title="Southern Loloish languages">Hanoish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akeu_language" title="Akeu language">Akeu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akha_language" title="Akha language">Akha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amu_language" title="Amu language">Amu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angluo_language" title="Angluo language">Angluo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asuo_language" title="Asuo language">Asuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baihong_language" title="Baihong language">Baihong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisu_language" title="Bisu language">Bisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budu_language_(China)" title="Budu language (China)">Budu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukong_language" title="Bukong language">Bukong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosao_language" title="Cosao language">Cosao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duoni_language" title="Duoni language">Duoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duota_language" title="Duota language">Duota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enu_language" title="Enu language">Enu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habei_language" title="Habei language">Habei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hani_language" title="Hani language">Hani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honi_language" title="Honi language">Honi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jino_language" title="Jino language">Jino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khabi_language" title="Khabi language">Kabie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaduo_language" title="Kaduo language">Kaduo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lami_language" title="Lami language">Lami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laomian_language" title="Laomian language">Laomian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laopin_language" title="Laopin language">Laopin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mpi_language" title="Mpi language">Mpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muda_language" title="Muda language">Muda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuobi_language" title="Nuobi language">Nuobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuomei_language" title="Nuomei language">Nuomei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phana%CA%BC_language" title="Phanaʼ language">Phana’</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piyo_language" title="Piyo language">Piyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qidi_language" title="Qidi language">Qidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadu_language" title="Sadu language">Sadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangkong_language" title="Sangkong language">Sangkong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suobi_language" title="Suobi language">Suobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsukong_language" title="Tsukong language">Tsukong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woni_language" title="Woni language">Woni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiche_language" title="Yiche language">Yiche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lisoish_languages" title="Lisoish languages">Lisoish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eka_language" title="Eka language">Eka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hlersu_language" title="Hlersu language">Hlersu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kua-nsi_language" title="Kua-nsi language">Kua-nsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuamasi_language" title="Kuamasi language">Kuamasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laizisi_language" title="Laizisi language">Laizisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalo_language" title="Lalo language">Lalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamu_language" title="Lamu language">Lamu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavu_language" title="Lavu language">Lavu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawu_language" title="Lawu language">Lawu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limi_language" title="Limi language">Limi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipo_language" title="Lipo language">Lipo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisu_language" title="Lisu language">Lisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolopo_language" title="Lolopo language">Lolopo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangdi_language" title="Mangdi language">Mangdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micha_language" title="Micha language">Micha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mili_language" title="Mili language">Mili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonaga_language" title="Sonaga language">Sonaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tholo_language" title="Tholo language">Toloza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuzhang_language" title="Xuzhang language">Xuzhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangliu_language" title="Yangliu language">Yangliu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zibusi_language" title="Zibusi language">Zibusi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nisoish_languages" title="Nisoish languages">Nisoish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alingpo_language" title="Alingpo language">Alingpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phupha_language" title="Phupha language">Alugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluo_language" title="Aluo language">Aluo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axi_language" title="Axi language">Axi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azha_language" title="Azha language">Azha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azhe_language" title="Azhe language">Azhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muji_language" title="Muji language">Bokha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gepo_language" title="Gepo language">Gepo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khlula_language" title="Khlula language">Khlula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lope_language" title="Lope language">Lope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moji_language" title="Moji language">Moji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muji_language" title="Muji language">Muji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzi_language" title="Muzi language">Muzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasu_language" title="Nasu language">Nasu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisu_language" title="Nisu language">Nisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuosu_language" title="Nuosu language">Nuosu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phola_language" title="Phola language">Phala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phola_language" title="Phola language">Phola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phowa_language" title="Phowa language">Phowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muji_language" title="Muji language">Phukha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phuma_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Phuma language">Phuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phupha_language" title="Phupha language">Phupa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phupha_language" title="Phupha language">Phupha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phupha_language" title="Phupha language">Phuza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samei_language" title="Samei language">Samei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sani_language" title="Sani language">Sani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thopho_language" title="Thopho language">Thopho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zokhuo_language" title="Zokhuo language">Zokhuo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gokhy_language" title="Gokhy language">Gokhy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katso_language" title="Katso language">Katso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kucong_language" title="Kucong language">Kucong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahu_language" title="Lahu language">Lahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naruo_language" title="Naruo language">Naruo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namuyi_language" title="Namuyi language">Namuyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxi_language" title="Naxi language">Naxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nusu_language" title="Nusu language">Nusu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samu_language" title="Samu language">Samu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanie_language" title="Sanie language">Sanie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zauzou_language" title="Zauzou language">Zauzou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qiangic_languages" title="Qiangic languages">Qiangic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baima_language" title="Baima language">Baima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choyo_language" title="Choyo language">Choyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersu_language" title="Ersu language">Ersu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiqiong_language" title="Guiqiong language">Guiqiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horpa_language" title="Horpa language">Horpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japhug_language" title="Japhug language">Japhug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khroskyabs_language" title="Khroskyabs language">Khroskyabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laze_language" title="Laze language">Laze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizu_language" title="Lizu language">Lizu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na_language" title="Na language">Na</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muya_language" title="Muya language">Muya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namuyi_language" title="Namuyi language">Namuyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxi_language" title="Naxi language">Naxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumi_language" title="Pumi language">Pumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Qiang_language" title="Northern Qiang language">Northern Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Qiang_language" title="Southern Qiang language">Southern Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shixing_language" title="Shixing language">Shixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situ_language" title="Situ language">Situ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tshobdun_language" title="Tshobdun language">Tshobdun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zbu_language" title="Zbu language">Zbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaba_language" title="Zhaba language">Zhaba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibetic_languages" title="Tibetic languages">Tibetic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amdo_Tibetan" title="Amdo Tibetan">Amdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baima_language" title="Baima language">Baima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basum_language" title="Basum language">Basum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Tibetan" title="Central Tibetan">Central Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choni_language" title="Choni language">Choni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dao_language_(China)" title="Dao language (China)">Dao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongwang_Tibetan_language" title="Dongwang Tibetan language">Dongwang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drugchu_language" title="Drugchu language">Drugchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groma_language" title="Groma language">Groma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gserpa_language" title="Gserpa language">Gserpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalong_Tibetan_language" title="Khalong Tibetan language">Khalong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khams_Tibetan" title="Khams Tibetan">Khams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyirong_language" title="Kyirong language">Kyirong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakhi_language" title="Ladakhi language">Ladakhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tseku_language" title="Tseku language">Tseku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongu_Tibetan_language" title="Zhongu Tibetan language">Zhongu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zitsadegu_language" title="Zitsadegu language">Zitsadegu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bai_language" title="Bai language">Bai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caijia_language" title="Caijia language">Caijia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derung_language" title="Derung language">Derung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingpo_language" title="Jingpo language">Jingpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longjia_language" title="Longjia language">Longjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nung_language_(Sino-Tibetan)" title="Nung language (Sino-Tibetan)">Nung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tujia_language" title="Tujia language">Tujia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waxiang_Chinese" title="Waxiang Chinese">Waxianghua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other languages</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bit_language" title="Bit language">Bit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blang_language" title="Blang language">Blang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolyu_language" title="Bolyu language">Bolyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugan_language" title="Bugan language">Bugan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumang_language" title="Bumang language">Bumang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_language" title="Hu language">Hu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuan_language" title="Kuan language">Kuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%E1%BA%A3ng_language" title="Mảng language">Mang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_Met_language" title="Man Met language">Man Met</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muak_language" title="Muak language">Muak Sa-aak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaung_language" title="Palaung language">Palaung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riang_language" title="Riang language">Riang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U_language" title="U language">U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Va_language" title="Va language">Va</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wa_language" title="Wa language">Wa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hmong-Mien_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Hmong-Mien languages">Hmong-Mien</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hmongic_languages" title="Hmongic languages">Hmongic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-Hmao_language" title="A-Hmao language">A-Hmao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu-Nao_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Bu-Nao languages">Bu-Nao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gejia_language" title="Gejia language">Gejia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiyang_Miao_language" title="Guiyang Miao language">Guiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hm_Nai_language" title="Hm Nai language">Hm Nai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_language" title="Hmong language">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmu_language" title="Hmu language">Hmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huishui_Miao_language" title="Huishui Miao language">Huishui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiong_Nai_language" title="Kiong Nai language">Kiong Nai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luobohe_Miao_language" title="Luobohe Miao language">Luobohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashan_Miao_language" title="Mashan Miao language">Mashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa-Hng_language" title="Pa-Hng language">Pa-Hng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa_Na_language" title="Pa Na language">Pa Na</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingtang_Miao_language" title="Pingtang Miao language">Pingtang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xong_language" title="Xong language">Qo Xiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raojia_language" title="Raojia language">Raojia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/She_language" title="She language">She</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gha-Mu_language" title="Gha-Mu language">Small Flowery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xixiu_Miao_language" title="Xixiu Miao language">Xixiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Younuo_language" title="Younuo language">Younuo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mienic_languages" title="Mienic languages">Mienic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biao_Min_language" title="Biao Min language">Biao Min</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzao_Min_language" title="Dzao Min language">Dzao Min</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iu_Mien_language" title="Iu Mien language">Iu Mien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Mun_language" title="Kim Mun language">Kim Mun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongolic_languages" title="Mongolic languages">Mongolic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonan_language" title="Bonan language">Bonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buryat_language" title="Buryat language">Buryat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagur_language" title="Dagur language">Daur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Yugur_language" title="Eastern Yugur language">Eastern Yugur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangjia_language" title="Kangjia language">Kangjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamnigan_Mongol" title="Khamnigan Mongol">Khamnigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monguor_language" title="Monguor language">Monguor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oirat_language" title="Oirat language">Oirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_Mongolian" title="Ordos Mongolian">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_language" title="Santa language">Santa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torgut_Oirat" title="Torgut Oirat">Torgut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kra-Dai_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Kra-Dai languages">Kra-Dai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_languages" title="Zhuang languages">Zhuang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bouyei_language" title="Bouyei language">Bouyei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_Zhuang_language" title="Dai Zhuang language">Dai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Zhuang_language" title="Min Zhuang language">Min</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_languages" title="Zhuang languages">Ningming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nong_Zhuang_language" title="Nong Zhuang language">Nong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Dam_language" title="Tai Dam language">Tai Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_D%C3%B3n_language" title="Tai Dón language">Tai Dón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Ya_language" title="Tai Ya language">Tai Hongjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Lue_language" title="Tai Lue language">Tai Lü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Nuea_language" title="Tai Nuea language">Tai Nüa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Ya_language" title="Tai Ya language">Tai Ya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Zhuang_language" title="Yang Zhuang language">Yang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yei_Zhuang_language" title="Yei Zhuang language">Yei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ai-Cham_language" title="Ai-Cham language">Ai-Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biao_language" title="Biao language">Biao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buyang_language" title="Buyang language">Buyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Miao_language" title="Cao Miao language">Cao Miao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadong_language" title="Chadong language">Chadong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cun_language" title="Cun language">Cun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelao_languages" title="Gelao languages">Gelao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hlai_languages" title="Hlai languages">Hlai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiamao_language" title="Jiamao language">Jiamao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kam_language" title="Kam language">Kam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakkia_language" title="Lakkia language">Lakkja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mak_language" title="Mak language">Mak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maonan_language" title="Maonan language">Maonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulam_language" title="Mulam language">Mulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuoxi_language" title="Nuoxi language">Naxi Yao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be_languages" title="Be languages">Ong Be</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paha_language" title="Paha language">Paha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qabiao_language" title="Qabiao language">Qabiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui_language" title="Sui language">Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Then_language" title="Then language">Then</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tungusic_languages" title="Tungusic languages">Tungusic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evenki_language" title="Evenki language">Evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_language" title="Manchu language">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanai_language" title="Nanai language">Nanai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oroqen_language" title="Oroqen language">Oroqen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xibe_language" title="Xibe language">Xibe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%84ynu_language" title="Äynu language">Äynu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyu_Kyrgyz_language" title="Fuyu Kyrgyz language">Fuyu Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ili_Turki_language" title="Ili Turki language">Ili Turki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lop_dialect" title="Lop dialect">Lop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salar_language" title="Salar language">Salar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Yugur_language" title="Western Yugur language">Western Yugur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarikoli_language" title="Sarikoli language">Sarikoli</a> <small>(Indo-European)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsat_language" title="Tsat language">Tsat</a> <small>(Austronesian)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formosan_languages" title="Formosan languages">Formosan languages</a> <small>(Austronesian)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_in_China" title="Esperanto in China">Esperanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_language" title="Tatar language">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvan_language" title="Tuvan language">Tuvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a> (Kinh)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wakhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Chinese" title="Varieties of Chinese">Varieties of<br />Chinese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Mandarin" title="Northeastern Mandarin">Northeastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Mandarin_(division_of_Mandarin)" title="Beijing Mandarin (division of Mandarin)">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilu_Mandarin" title="Jilu Mandarin">Ji-Lu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaoliao_Mandarin" title="Jiaoliao Mandarin">Jiao-Liao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Plains_Mandarin" title="Central Plains Mandarin">Zhongyuan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lanyin_Mandarin" title="Lanyin Mandarin">Lan-Yin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_Chinese" title="Jin Chinese">Jin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Mandarin" title="Southwestern Mandarin">Southwestern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sichuanese_dialects" title="Sichuanese dialects">Sichuanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Yangtze_Mandarin" title="Lower Yangtze Mandarin">Southeastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gan_Chinese" title="Gan Chinese">Gan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou_Chinese" title="Huizhou Chinese">Hui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Chinese" title="Min Chinese">Min</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teochew_Min" title="Teochew Min">Teoswa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainanese" title="Hainanese">Hainanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Min" title="Eastern Min">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%E2%80%93Xian_Min" title="Pu–Xian Min">Puxian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Min" title="Central Min">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Min" title="Northern Min">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shao%E2%80%93Jiang_Min" title="Shao–Jiang Min">Shaojiang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taihu_Wu" title="Taihu Wu">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenzhounese" title="Wenzhounese">Auish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiang_Chinese" title="Xiang Chinese">Xiang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Xiang" title="New Xiang">New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Xiang" title="Old Xiang">Old</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yue_Chinese" title="Yue Chinese">Yue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinghua" title="Pinghua">Ping</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Creole/Mixed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/E_language" title="E language">E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezhou_language" title="Hezhou language">Hezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linglinghua" title="Linglinghua">Lingling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macanese_Patois" title="Macanese Patois">Macanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maojia_dialect" title="Maojia dialect">Maojia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qoqmon%C4%8Daq_language" title="Qoqmončaq language">Qoqmončaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanqiao_language" title="Sanqiao language">Sanqiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangwang_language" title="Tangwang language">Tangwang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wutun_language" title="Wutun language">Wutun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extinct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba%E2%80%93Shu_Chinese" title="Ba–Shu Chinese">Ba–Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jie_language" title="Jie language">Jie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_language" title="Khitan language">Khitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Yue_language" title="Old Yue language">Old Yue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouran_language" title="Rouran language">Rouran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saka_language" title="Saka language">Saka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangut_language" title="Tangut language">Tangut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocharian_languages" title="Tocharian languages">Tocharian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_language" title="Tuoba language">Tuoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuyuhun_language" title="Tuyuhun language">Tuyuhun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianbei#Language" title="Xianbei">Xianbei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang-Zhung_language" title="Zhang-Zhung language">Zhangzhung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Sign_Language" title="Chinese Sign Language">Chinese Sign</a> <ul><li>Northern (Beijing) Sign</li> <li>Southern (Shanghai) Sign <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Sign_Language" title="Hong Kong Sign Language">Hong Kong Sign</a><b><sup>HK/MC</sup></b></span></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Sign_Language" title="Tibetan Sign Language">Tibetan Sign</a><b><sup>XZ</sup></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li>GX = Guangxi</li> <li>HK = Hong Kong</li> <li>MC = Macau</li> <li>NM = Inner Mongolia</li> <li>XJ = Xinjiang</li> <li>XZ = Tibet</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arabic_alphabets" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arabic_script" title="Template:Arabic script"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arabic_script" title="Template talk:Arabic script"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arabic_script" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arabic script"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arabic_alphabets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic alphabets</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elifba_alphabet" title="Elifba alphabet">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aljamiado" title="Aljamiado">Aljamiado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avar_language#Writing_systems" title="Avar language">Avar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_alphabet" title="Azerbaijani alphabet">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Arabic_alphabet" title="Belarusian Arabic alphabet">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_language#Alphabets" title="Chechen language">Chechen</a></li> <li>Circassian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adyghe_language#Other_writing_systems" title="Adyghe language">Adyghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabardian_language#Orthography" title="Kabardian language">Kabardian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_alphabet" title="Crimean Tatar alphabet">Crimean Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobrujan_Tatar_alphabet" title="Dobrujan Tatar alphabet">Dobrujan Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Aljamiado" title="Greek Aljamiado">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachay-Balkar" title="Karachay-Balkar">Karachay-Balkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_alphabets" title="Kazakh alphabets">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumyk_language" title="Kumyk language">Kumyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lak_language#Writing_Comparison_Table" title="Lak language">Lak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_alphabet" title="Ottoman Turkish alphabet">Ottoman Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arebica" title="Arebica">Serbo-Croatian</a></li> <li>Tatar (<a href="/wiki/%C4%B0ske_iml%C3%A2_alphabet" title="İske imlâ alphabet">İske imlâ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%C3%B1a_iml%C3%A2_alphabet" title="Yaña imlâ alphabet">Yaña imlâ</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_alphabet" title="Azerbaijani alphabet">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochi_Standard_Alphabet" title="Balochi Standard Alphabet">Balochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buri_Wolio" title="Buri Wolio">Buri Wolio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burushaski#Writing_system" title="Burushaski">Burushaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_Jawi" title="Cham Jawi">Cham Jawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawi_script" title="Jawi script">Jawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_language#Writing_system" title="Kashmiri language">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_alphabets" title="Kazakh alphabets">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khowar_alphabet" title="Khowar alphabet">Khowar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_alphabets" title="Kurdish alphabets">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_alphabets" title="Kyrgyz alphabets">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabi_Malayalam_script" title="Arabi Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_alphabet" title="Ottoman Turkish alphabet">Ottoman Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwari_language" title="Marwari language">Marwari (Rajasthani)</a></li> <li>Pamir (<a href="/wiki/Munji_language" title="Munji language">Munjani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarikoli_language" title="Sarikoli language">Sarikoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shughni_language" title="Shughni language">Shughni</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wakhi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkari_Koli_language" title="Parkari Koli language">Parkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashto_alphabet" title="Pashto alphabet">Pashto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegon_script" title="Pegon script">Pegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_alphabet" title="Persian alphabet">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_Arabic_Alphabet" title="Rohingya Arabic Alphabet">Rohingya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraiki_alphabet" title="Saraiki alphabet">Saraiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language#Writing_system" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahmukhi" title="Shahmukhi">Shahmukhi</a></li> <li>Shina <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shina_language#Orthography" title="Shina language">Gilgiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohistani_Shina#Alphabet" title="Kohistani Shina">Kohistani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tausug_language" title="Tausug language">Sulat Sug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arwi" title="Arwi">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torwali_language#Alphabet" title="Torwali language">Torwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_alphabet" title="Turkmen alphabet">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu_alphabet" title="Urdu alphabet">Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Arabic_alphabet" title="Uyghur Arabic alphabet">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_alphabet" title="Uzbek alphabet">Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiao%27erjing" title="Xiao'erjing">Xiao'erjing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_Afrikaans" title="Arabic Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_Arabic_alphabet" title="Berber Arabic alphabet">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comorian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Comorian language">Comorain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fula_alphabets" title="Fula alphabets">Fula Ajami</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adamawa_Fulfulde#Orthography" title="Adamawa Fulfulde">Adamawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagirmi_Fulfulde#Orthography" title="Bagirmi Fulfulde">Bagirmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Fulfulde" title="Nigerian Fulfulde">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pular_language#Writing" title="Pular language">Fuuta Jalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulaar_language#Orthography" title="Pulaar language">Fuuta Tooro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maasina_Fulfulde#Orthography" title="Maasina Fulfulde">Maasina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushi_language" title="Bushi language">Kibushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_Ajami" title="Hausa Ajami">Hausa Ajami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanembu_language" title="Kanembu language">Kanembu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maba_language" title="Maba language">Maba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer_language#Writing_system" title="Serer language">Serer Ajami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maore_dialect" title="Maore dialect">Shimaore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songhay_languages" title="Songhay languages">Songhay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humburi_Senni_language" title="Humburi Senni language">Humburi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koyra_Chiini_language" title="Koyra Chiini language">Koyra Chiini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koyraboro_Senni" title="Koyraboro Senni">Koyraboro Senni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarma_language" title="Zarma language">Zarma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorabe_alphabet" title="Sorabe alphabet">Sorabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuareg_languages" title="Tuareg languages">Tuareg</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Tamajeq_language" title="Air Tamajeq language">Air Tamajeq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawellemmet_language" title="Tawellemmet language">Tawellemmet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swahili_Ajami" title="Swahili Ajami">Swahili Ajami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadaad%27s_writing" title="Wadaad's writing">Wadaad's</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somali_language" title="Somali language">Somali</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolofal_alphabet" title="Wolofal alphabet">Wolof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjemi" title="Anjemi">Yoruba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Arabic_script" title="Category:Arabic script">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Iranian_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Iranian_languages" title="Template:Iranian languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Iranian_languages" title="Template talk:Iranian languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iranian_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iranian languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Iranian_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Iranian_language" title="Proto-Iranian language">Proto-Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages#Old_Iranian" title="Iranian languages">Old Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages#Middle_Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Middle Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages#New_Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">New Iranian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Iranian_languages" title="Eastern Iranian languages">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pamir_languages" title="Pamir languages">Pamir</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ishkashimi_language" title="Ishkashimi language">Ishkashimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khufi_language" title="Khufi language">Khufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munji_language" title="Munji language">Munji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rushani_language" title="Rushani language">Rushani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanglechi_language" title="Sanglechi language">Sanglechi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shughni_language" title="Shughni language">Shughni</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bartangi_language" title="Bartangi language">Bartangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khufi_language" title="Khufi language">Khufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oroshori_dialect" title="Oroshori dialect">Oroshori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarikoli_language" title="Sarikoli language">Sarikoli</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vanji_language" title="Vanji language">Vanji</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wakhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazghulami_language" title="Yazghulami language">Yazghulami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yidgha_language" title="Yidgha language">Yidgha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Avestan" title="Avestan">Avestan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bactrian_language" title="Bactrian language">Bactrian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khwarezmian_language" title="Khwarezmian language">Khwarezmian</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parachi_language" title="Parachi language">Parachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Pashto" title="Central Pashto">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Pashto" title="Northern Pashto">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Pashto" title="Southern Pashto">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanetsi" title="Wanetsi">Wanetsi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ormuri" title="Ormuri">Ormuri</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sarghulami" title="Sarghulami">Sarghulami</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scythian_languages" title="Scythian languages">Scythian</a></i> <ul><li><i>Alanian</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ossetian_language" title="Ossetian language">Ossetian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digor_Ossetian" title="Digor Ossetian">Digor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Ossetian" title="Iron Ossetian">Iron</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jassic_dialect" title="Jassic dialect">Jassic</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saka_language" title="Saka language">Saka</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sogdian_language" title="Sogdian language">Sogdian</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yaghnobi_language" title="Yaghnobi language">Yaghnobi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Iranian_languages" title="Western Iranian languages">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashtiani_language" title="Ashtiani language">Ashtiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochi_language" title="Balochi language">Balochi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Makrani_dialect" title="Makrani dialect">Makrani</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daylami_language" title="Daylami language">Daylami</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialects_of_Fars" title="Dialects of Fars">Fars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilaki_language" title="Gilaki language">Gilaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorani_language" title="Gorani language">Gorani</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gorgani_language" title="Gorgani language">Gorgani</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karingani_language" title="Karingani language">Karingani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurmanji" title="Kurmanji">Kurmanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorani" title="Sorani">Sorani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Kurdish" title="Southern Kurdish">Xwarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kordali_language" title="Kordali language">Kordali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laki_language" title="Laki language">Laki</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazanderani_language" title="Mazanderani language">Mazanderani</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tabaroid_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tabaroid dialects (page does not exist)">Tabaroid</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Median_language" title="Median language">Median</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Azeri" title="Old Azeri">Old Azeri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parthian_language" title="Parthian language">Parthian</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semnani_languages" title="Semnani languages">Semnani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lasgerdi_language" title="Lasgerdi language">Lasgerdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangsari_language" title="Sangsari language">Sangsari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semnani_language" title="Semnani language">Semnani proper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorkhei_language" title="Sorkhei language">Sorkhei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talysh_language" title="Talysh language">Talysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tati_language_(Iran)" title="Tati language (Iran)">Tati</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tatoid_dialects" title="Tatoid dialects">Tatoid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaza_language" title="Zaza language">Zaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian_Dari_language" title="Zoroastrian Dari language">Zoroastrian Dari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achomi_language" title="Achomi language">Achomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashkardi_language" title="Bashkardi language">Bashkardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garmsiri_language" title="Garmsiri language">Garmsiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuhmareyi_language" title="Kuhmareyi language">Kuhmareyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumzari_language" title="Kumzari language">Kumzari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luri_language" title="Luri language">Luri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakhtiari_dialect" title="Bakhtiari dialect">Bakhtiari</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pahlavani_language" title="Pahlavani language">Pahlavani</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tat_language_(Caucasus)" title="Tat language (Caucasus)">Caucasian Tat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Dari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazaragi_dialect" title="Hazaragi dialect">Hazaragi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_language" title="Tajik language">Tajik</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Persian" title="Old Persian">Old Persian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Middle_Persian" title="Middle Persian">Middle Persian</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badeshi" title="Badeshi">Badeshi</a> (unknown further classification)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct</a> or <a href="/wiki/Historical_language" title="Historical language">historical languages</a>.</li> <li>Languages between parentheses are <a href="/wiki/Variety_(linguistics)" title="Variety (linguistics)">varieties</a> of the language on their left.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox 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