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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%85%93%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-工商業與航海貿易" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#工商業與航海貿易"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>工商業與航海貿易</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-工商業與航海貿易-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-殖民地" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#殖民地"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>殖民地</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-殖民地-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关殖民地子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-殖民地-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-伊比利亞半島" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#伊比利亞半島"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>伊比利亞半島</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-伊比利亞半島-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-腓尼基字母" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#腓尼基字母"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>腓尼基字母</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-腓尼基字母-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文化交流" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文化交流"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>文化交流</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-文化交流-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关文化交流子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-文化交流-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-埃及" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#埃及"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>埃及</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-埃及-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-希臘" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#希臘"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>希臘</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-希臘-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-名考" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#名考"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>名考</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-名考-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-引用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>引用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">腓尼基</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。100种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-100" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">100种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenisi%C3%AB" title="Fenisië – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Fenisië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%8A%E1%8A%95%E1%89%84" title="ፊንቄ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፊንቄ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="فينيقيا – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فينيقيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="فينيقيا – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فينيقيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenicia" title="Fenicia – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Fenicia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finikiya" title="Finikiya – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Finikiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%B1" title="فنیقی‌لر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فنیقی‌لر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Финикия – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Финикия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Фінікія – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фінікія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Финикия – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Финикия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="ফিনিশিয়া – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফিনিশিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenikia" title="Fenikia – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Fenikia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenikija" title="Fenikija – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Fenikija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Финики – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Финики" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fen%C3%ADcia" title="Fenícia – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fenícia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%AD-n%C3%A0%CC%A4-g%C4%AD" title="Pĭ-nà̤-gĭ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Pĭ-nà̤-gĭ" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penisya" title="Penisya – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Penisya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9nicie" title="Fénicie – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fénicie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ffenicia" title="Ffenicia – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ffenicia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B8nikien" title="Fønikien – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fønikien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%B6nizien" title="Phönizien – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Phönizien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Phoenicia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenicio" title="Fenicio – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fenicio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenicia" title="Fenicia – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fenicia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foiniikia" title="Foiniikia – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Foiniikia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenizia" title="Fenizia – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fenizia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="فنیقی‌ها – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فنیقی‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foinikia" title="Foinikia – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Foinikia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%A9nicie" title="Phénicie – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Phénicie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenysje" title="Fenysje – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Fenysje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Fh%C3%A9in%C3%ADc" title="An Fhéiníc – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Fhéiníc" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenicios" title="Fenicios – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fenicios" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Phoenicia" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%94" title="פיניקיה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פיניקיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="फ़ोनीशिया – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ़ोनीशिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenicija" title="Fenicija – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Fenicija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6n%C3%ADcia" title="Fönícia – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fönícia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Փյունիկիա – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փյունիկիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A7" title="Փիւնիկէ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Փիւնիկէ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangsa_Fenisia" title="Bangsa Fenisia – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bangsa Fenisia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6n%C3%ADka" title="Föníka – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Föníka" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenicia" title="Fenicia – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fenicia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%8B%E3%82%AD%E3%82%A2" title="フェニキア – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フェニキア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangsa_Fenisia" title="Bangsa Fenisia – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bangsa Fenisia" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ფინიკია – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფინიკია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifniqen" title="Ifniqen – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ifniqen" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Финикия – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Финикия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EB%8B%88%ED%82%A4%EC%95%84" title="페니키아 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="페니키아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%AEn%C3%AEkya" title="Fînîkya – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Fînîkya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Финикия – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Финикия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenices" title="Phoenices – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Phoenices" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenisia" title="Fenisia – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Fenisia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finikija" title="Finikija – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Finikija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feni%C4%B7ija" title="Feniķija – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Feniķija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenisia" title="Fenisia – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fenisia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Феникија – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Феникија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ഫിനീഷ്യൻ സംസ്കാരം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫിനീഷ്യൻ സംസ്കാരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Финик – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Финик" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="फिनीशिया – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फिनीशिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Phoenicia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feni%C4%8Bi" title="Feniċi – 马耳他语" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Feniċi" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="马耳他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%87" title="فینیقیه – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فینیقیه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenici%C3%AB" title="Fenicië – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fenicië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B8nikia" title="Fønikia – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fønikia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B8nikia" title="Fønikia – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fønikia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenicia" title="Fenicia – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Fenicia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiinishiyaa" title="Fiinishiyaa – 奥罗莫语" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Fiinishiyaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奥罗莫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਫੋਨੀਸ਼ੀਆ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫੋਨੀਸ਼ੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenicja" title="Fenicja – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fenicja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C" title="فونیقی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فونیقی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="فینیکیان – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="فینیکیان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fen%C3%ADcia" title="Fenícia – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fenícia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenicia" title="Fenicia – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fenicia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Финикия – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Финикия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fen%C3%ACtzios" title="Fenìtzios – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Fenìtzios" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finici" title="Finici – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Finici" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenicie" title="Phoenicie – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Phoenicie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenikija" title="Fenikija – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Fenikija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="පීනිෂියාව – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පීනිෂියාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Phoenicia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feni%C4%8Dania" title="Feničania – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Feničania" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenicija" title="Fenicija – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Fenicija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenikasit" title="Fenikasit – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Fenikasit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Феникија – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Феникија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenicien" title="Fenicien – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fenicien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finisia" title="Finisia – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Finisia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="போனீசியா – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="போனீசியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ฟินิเชีย – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฟินิเชีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Phoenicia" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenikeliler" title="Fenikeliler – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fenikeliler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Фінікія – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фінікія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C" title="فونیقی – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فونیقی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finikiya" title="Finikiya – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Finikiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenici" title="Fenici – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Fenici" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phoenicia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenisya" title="Fenisya – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Fenisya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%85%93%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA" title="腓尼基 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="腓尼基" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ფინიკია – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფინიკია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Phoenicia" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%85%93%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA" title="腓尼基 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="腓尼基" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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.ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">腓尼基</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span dir="rtl" title="腓尼基字母" class="script-phoenician" style="font-family: 'ALPHABETUM Unicode', 'MPH 2B Damase', Aegean, Code2001, 'Noto Sans Phoenician', FreeSans, 'Segoe UI Historic', sans-serif;">𐤊𐤍𐤏𐤍</span>‬ <br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenician_nun.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="��"><img alt="��" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Phoenician_nun.svg/12px-Phoenician_nun.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Phoenician_nun.svg/18px-Phoenician_nun.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Phoenician_nun.svg/24px-Phoenician_nun.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="85" data-file-height="85" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenician_ayin.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="��"><img alt="��" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Phoenician_ayin.svg/12px-Phoenician_ayin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Phoenician_ayin.svg/18px-Phoenician_ayin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Phoenician_ayin.svg/24px-Phoenician_ayin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="85" data-file-height="85" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenician_nun.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="��"><img alt="��" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Phoenician_nun.svg/12px-Phoenician_nun.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Phoenician_nun.svg/18px-Phoenician_nun.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Phoenician_nun.svg/24px-Phoenician_nun.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="85" data-file-height="85" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenician_kaph.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="��"><img alt="��" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Phoenician_kaph.svg/12px-Phoenician_kaph.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Phoenician_kaph.svg/18px-Phoenician_kaph.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Phoenician_kaph.svg/24px-Phoenician_kaph.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="85" data-file-height="85" /></a></span> <br /> <span lang="grc">Φοινίκη</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">前2500年—前539年</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenicia_map-zh.png" class="mw-file-description" title="腓尼基地圖"><img alt="腓尼基地圖" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Phoenicia_map-zh.png/250px-Phoenicia_map-zh.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Phoenicia_map-zh.png/375px-Phoenicia_map-zh.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Phoenicia_map-zh.png/500px-Phoenicia_map-zh.png 2x" data-file-width="3836" data-file-height="2556" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">腓尼基地圖</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">首都</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><small><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E6%8B%9C%E5%8B%92" title="朱拜勒">比布魯斯</a> (2500-1000 BC)<br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="泰爾">泰爾</a> (900-550 BC)<sup id="cite_ref-Aubet2001_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aubet2001-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">常用语言</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%93%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%AD" title="腓尼基语">腓尼基語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%8C%BF%E8%AA%9E" title="布匿語">布匿語</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">宗教<div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古迦南宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ancient_Canaanite_religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E8%BF%A6%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古迦南宗教（页面不存在）">古迦南宗教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Canaanite_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Ancient Canaanite religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ancient_Canaanite_religion</span></a></span>）</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">政府</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%B6" title="君主制">君主制</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E9%82%A6" title="城邦">城邦联盟</a>）<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">著名的腓尼基城邦国王</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 约前1000年 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿希拉姆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ahiram sarcophagus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%8C%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿希拉姆（页面不存在）">阿希拉姆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahiram_sarcophagus" class="extiw" title="en:Ahiram sarcophagus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ahiram sarcophagus</span></a></span>）</span></span>（比布鲁斯）</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 前969年–前936年 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="希拉姆一世" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hiram I"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%8C%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="希拉姆一世（页面不存在）">希拉姆一世</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_I" class="extiw" title="en:Hiram I"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hiram I</span></a></span>）</span></span>（比布鲁斯）</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 前820年–前774年 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="皮格馬利翁 (泰爾)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pygmalion of Tyre"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9A%AE%E6%A0%BC%E9%A6%AC%E5%88%A9%E7%BF%81_(%E6%B3%B0%E7%88%BE)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="皮格馬利翁 (泰爾)（页面不存在）">皮格馬利翁 (泰爾)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pygmalion_of_Tyre" class="extiw" title="en:Pygmalion of Tyre"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pygmalion of Tyre</span></a></span>）</span></span>（泰爾）</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">历史时期</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="古典时代">古典时代</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 建立 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">前2500年</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 希拉姆一世統治下的泰爾成为诸城邦盟主 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">前969年</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%84%E5%A4%9A" title="狄多">狄多</a>建立<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%A6%E5%A4%AA%E5%9F%BA" title="迦太基">迦太基</a>（传说） </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">前814年</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E9%B2%81%E5%A3%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="居鲁士大帝">居鲁士大帝</a>征服腓尼基 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">前539年</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="">人口</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 前1200年<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">200,000</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67735281">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>前身</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>继承</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%A6%E5%8D%97" title="迦南">迦南</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; background:transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A5%91%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="阿契美尼德王朝">阿契美尼德王朝</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Map_of_the_Achaemenid_Empire.jpg/20px-Map_of_the_Achaemenid_Empire.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Map_of_the_Achaemenid_Empire.jpg/30px-Map_of_the_Achaemenid_Empire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Map_of_the_Achaemenid_Empire.jpg/40px-Map_of_the_Achaemenid_Empire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1314" data-file-height="635" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%A6%E5%A4%AA%E5%9F%BA%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="迦太基王国">迦太基王國</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">今属于</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/22px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/33px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/44px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%AB%A9" title="黎巴嫩">黎巴嫩</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="叙利亚">叙利亚</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="阿尔及利亚">阿尔及利亚</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/22px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/33px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/44px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="賽普勒斯">賽普勒斯</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/22px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/33px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/44px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/22px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/33px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/44px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="希腊">希腊</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/33px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/44px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利">義大利</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%97%A6" title="约旦">约旦</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/22px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/33px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/44px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="利比亚">利比亞</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/22px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/33px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/44px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%80%B3%E4%BB%96" title="马耳他">馬爾他</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/22px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/33px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/44px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%B4%9B%E5%93%A5" title="摩洛哥">摩洛哥</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/22px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/33px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/44px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%9C%8B" title="巴勒斯坦國">巴勒斯坦</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/22px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/44px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙">葡萄牙</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/22px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/33px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/44px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" title="突尼西亞">突尼西亞</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其">土耳其</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>腓尼基</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%93%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%AD" title="腓尼基语">腓尼基語</a>：<span dir="rtl" title="腓尼基字母" class="script-phoenician" style="font-family: 'ALPHABETUM Unicode', 'MPH 2B Damase', Aegean, Code2001, 'Noto Sans Phoenician', FreeSans, 'Segoe UI Historic', sans-serif;">𐤊𐤍𐤏𐤍</span>‬；英語：<span lang="en">Phoenicia</span>；<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘語">希臘語</a>：<span lang="el">Φοινίκη</span>；阿拉伯语：<span lang="ar" dir="rtl">فينيقية</span>‎；<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E8%AF%AD" title="埃及语">埃及語</a>：<i>fnḥw</i> (<i>fenkhu</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>）是古代<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" title="地中海">地中海</a>東岸偏北的一個地區，其範圍接近於如今的<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%AB%A9" title="黎巴嫩">黎巴嫩</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="敘利亞">敘利亞</a>。為了便於修築堡壘以及防禦，大部分的腓尼基城鎮都建在沿海地帶，而且是各自獨立的。腓尼基人是<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%83%E7%B1%B3%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%BA" title="閃米特人">閃米特人</a>的一支，善於<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E6%B5%B7" title="航海">航海</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E5%95%86" class="mw-redirect" title="經商">經商</a>，在全盛期曾控制了西地中海的貿易，也在中東和北非建立了不少殖民點，成為今天地中海國家民族組成的一部分。他們的<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%93%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="腓尼基字母">腓尼基字母</a>，與<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BE%86%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="希伯來字母">希伯來字母</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘字母">希臘字母</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a>同源。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%85%93%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Griechischen_und_ph%C3%B6nizischen_Kolonien.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Griechischen_und_ph%C3%B6nizischen_Kolonien.jpg/325px-Griechischen_und_ph%C3%B6nizischen_Kolonien.jpg" decoding="async" width="325" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Griechischen_und_ph%C3%B6nizischen_Kolonien.jpg/488px-Griechischen_und_ph%C3%B6nizischen_Kolonien.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Griechischen_und_ph%C3%B6nizischen_Kolonien.jpg/650px-Griechischen_und_ph%C3%B6nizischen_Kolonien.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2836" data-file-height="1616" /></a><figcaption>黃色為腓尼基城邦，紅色為希臘城邦，灰色為其它。 </figcaption></figure> <p>他們於公元前十四、五世紀時定居於地中海濱，建立了許多城邦。根據<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="聖經">聖經</a>記載，古腓尼基城市包括現今在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a>境內的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BB%80%E6%9D%9C%E5%BE%B7" title="阿什杜德">阿什杜德</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BB%80%E5%87%AF%E9%9A%86" title="阿什凯隆">阿什凱隆</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E9%9D%A9%E4%BC%A6" title="以革伦">以革倫</a>；在<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%AB%A9" title="黎巴嫩">黎巴嫩</a>境內的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="泰爾">泰爾</a>（推羅）和<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%BD%E9%81%94_(%E9%BB%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%AB%A9%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82)" class="mw-redirect" title="賽達 (黎巴嫩城市)">西頓</a>。其中泰爾（推羅）和西頓二城曾先後為各城邦的盟主。但他們並不曾組織過近代式的國家，在政治上不過是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="古埃及">埃及</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E8%BF%B0" title="亚述">亞述</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%AF%94%E5%80%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="巴比倫">巴比倫</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF" title="波斯">波斯</a>等周邊帝國的附庸而已。在被<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="亞歷山大大帝">亞歷山大大帝</a>征服後，接續被<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%90%89%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="塞琉古帝國">塞琉古帝國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E5%8B%92%E5%AF%86%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="托勒密王朝">托勒密王朝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="亞美尼亞王國">亞美尼亞王國</a>統治。直至變為<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="羅馬帝國">羅馬</a>行省後，逐漸羅馬化並失去自治地位。當<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97" title="穆斯林">穆斯林</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="阿拉伯人">阿拉伯人</a>成功入侵該地區後，開始了<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%8C%96" title="伊斯兰化">伊斯蘭化</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E5%8C%96" title="阿拉伯化">阿拉伯化</a>的進程並演變為現今的<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%AB%A9" title="黎巴嫩">黎巴嫩</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="工商業與航海貿易"><span id=".E5.B7.A5.E5.95.86.E6.A5.AD.E8.88.87.E8.88.AA.E6.B5.B7.E8.B2.BF.E6.98.93"></span>工商業與航海貿易</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%85%93%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：工商業與航海貿易"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>腓尼基社會主要以商業、玻璃器皿製造業、紡織業以及金屬製造業為主，而其中最著名的、同時使他們獲利最多的，是從地中海海螺身上提取醬汁進而加工成一種紫色顏料。 </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PhoenicianTrade_ZH.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/PhoenicianTrade_ZH.svg/325px-PhoenicianTrade_ZH.svg.png" decoding="async" width="325" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/PhoenicianTrade_ZH.svg/488px-PhoenicianTrade_ZH.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/PhoenicianTrade_ZH.svg/650px-PhoenicianTrade_ZH.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1250" /></a><figcaption>腓尼基人的貿易航線</figcaption></figure> <p>腓尼基人擅長航海和貿易。腓尼基所處的地理環境面朝大海，交通發達，而在東面的<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%AB%A9" title="黎巴嫩">黎巴嫩</a>山區盛產輕質木材，為造船業提供了便利條件。所以腓尼基人從事航海貿易有著得天獨厚的優勢。 </p><p>環繞<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" title="地中海">地中海</a>，腓尼基人建立了往返於<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘">希臘</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="西西里島">西西里島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E4%B8%81%E5%B2%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="撒丁岛">撒丁島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%88%A9%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="巴利阿里群島">巴利阿里群島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="伊比利亞半島">伊比利亞半島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E9%82%A3%E5%88%A9%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="加那利群島">加那利群島</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%BA%BF" title="航线">航線</a>，他們的定期船隻往來於北非、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%87%A1%E7%89%B9" title="黎凡特">黎凡特</a>、希臘和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" title="地中海">地中海</a>各島嶼。為了貿易他們曾冒險進出<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E5%B8%83%E7%BE%85%E9%99%80%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%BD" title="直布羅陀海峽">直布羅陀海峽</a>到<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E9%82%A3%E5%88%A9%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="加那利群島">加那利群島</a>進行<a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="錫">錫</a>的採挖和買賣。甚至有證據表明他們的商船曾遠至<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A1%9B%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="不列顛群島">不列顛群島</a>，尤其是在前600年左右在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="古埃及">古埃及</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="新王國時期">新王國時期</a>晚期的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%80%81" title="法老">法老</a>支持下的一支由四十艘船組成的艦隊首先從<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%88%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" title="西奈半島">西奈半島</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E5%96%80%E5%B7%B4%E7%81%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="亞喀巴灣">亞喀巴灣</a>出發沿著<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="紅海">紅海</a>岸走，穿過<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%BE%B7%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%A1" title="曼德海峡">曼德海峽</a>進入<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E4%B8%81%E7%81%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="亞丁灣">亞丁灣</a>；其次沿著今天的索馬里海岸線一直南下到達今<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E" title="南非">南非</a>南海岸；再次從南非和今<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B1%B3%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="納米比亞">納米比亞</a>的非洲西海岸北上到<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%A0%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A%E6%B9%BE" title="几内亚湾">幾內亞灣</a>，最後沿著西非的海岸線轉入<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E5%B8%83%E7%BE%85%E9%99%80%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%BD" title="直布羅陀海峽">直布羅陀海峽</a>進入地中海回到家鄉腓尼基。歷時三年，航程三萬公里並環繞<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="非洲">非洲</a>。 </p><p>腓尼基人也是一群優秀的軍事家，他們為了爭奪地中海航線上的利益與當時活躍在地中海的其他勢力之間曾發生過多次戰事。 </p><p>腓尼基人的工商業、航海貿易及軍事方面的成功，某程度上是建基於他們的技術發展。以造船技術而言，西班牙國家博物館的考古專家，在腓尼基人的一個海外殖民地迦太基的一處海灣發現了腓尼基沉船的木塊，從這些木船的殘骸，可以發現他們當時已經懂得用入榫的方法固定不同的木塊，這樣的結構，令到他們可以造出長八九米的船隻，而這些船也可以承載更重的貨物。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="殖民地"><span id=".E6.AE.96.E6.B0.91.E5.9C.B0"></span>殖民地</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%85%93%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：殖民地"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>由於腓尼基地狹人稠，他們便向其在航線上建立的貿易據點殖民。地中海的西海岸，特別是<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%9E" title="北非">北非</a>都遍布他們的殖民地。這些殖民地中有一些在日後的歷史裡發展壯大，其中比較著名的就是後來與<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="古羅馬">古羅馬</a>發生過多次戰爭的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%A6%E5%A4%AA%E5%9F%BA" title="迦太基">迦太基</a>。有意見以為，腓尼基人是部分<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA" title="突尼西亞人">突尼西亞人</a>的祖先。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="伊比利亞半島"><span id=".E4.BC.8A.E6.AF.94.E5.88.A9.E4.BA.9E.E5.8D.8A.E5.B3.B6"></span>伊比利亞半島</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%85%93%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：伊比利亞半島"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>腓尼基人一直試圖壟斷伊比利亞半島南部的金屬開採（錫、銅、銀）以及相應的貿易路線。從公元前十一世紀開始，腓尼基人就在伊比利亞半島上建立商業據點，其中較早且重要的舉措之一就是在直布羅陀海峽建立城市加地爾（<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%93%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%AD" title="腓尼基语">腓尼基語</a>：גדר，意為“被牆圍繞的城市”，今名<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%AF" title="加的斯">加的斯</a>（西班牙語：Cádiz））。 </p><p>除此之外，腓尼基人也在地中海沿岸的馬拉加（Malaka，現在的西班牙馬拉加 Málaga）、塞西（Sexi，現今的西班牙<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E7%A9%86%E6%B6%85%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="阿爾穆涅卡爾">阿爾穆涅卡</a>）和阿德拉（Abdera，現在的西班牙<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E6%A2%85%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="阿爾梅里亞">阿爾梅里亞</a>）建立了商業據點。 </p><p>在腓尼基人殖民時期，<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E9%81%94%E7%9B%A7%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" title="安達盧西亞">安達盧西亞</a>地區不僅有礦產、金屬等商業活動，也盛行陶器、紫色布、編織品、酒、油、玻璃等手工業產品的貿易，也不乏魚、醃製品以及奴隸貿易。 </p><p>儘管腓尼基人與半島當地的塞爾特伊比利亞人之間並無巨大的衝突，然而腓尼基人的勢力仍無法滲透入半島內部。腓尼基人只是藉由商業活動，向半島南部的居民傳播文化，教導當地人使用錢幣、使用字母、金屬製造技術以及編織技術，其影響力也反映在了伊比利亞人的宗教信仰上。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="腓尼基字母"><span id=".E8.85.93.E5.B0.BC.E5.9F.BA.E5.AD.97.E6.AF.8D"></span>腓尼基字母</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%85%93%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：腓尼基字母"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%93%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="腓尼基字母">腓尼基字母</a></div> <p>腓尼基人最初使用<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%94%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="苏美尔人">蘇美爾人</a>創制的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%94%E5%BD%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="楔形文字">楔形文字</a>。後來為了提高效率，在公元前1000年左右他們以原始<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%A6%E5%8D%97" title="迦南">迦南</a>字母為基礎，合併埃及的部分<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="聖書體">聖書體</a>（一種<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E5%BD%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="象形">象形</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="表音文字">表音文字</a>）和簡化後的楔形文字設計出了22個腓尼基字母。腓尼基字母犧牲了前人文字的華麗外形來換取更高的書寫效率。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文化交流"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.8C.96.E4.BA.A4.E6.B5.81"></span>文化交流</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%85%93%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：文化交流"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>腓尼基人對外營商發達，與其他民族通婚，因此他們失去了他們的文化特色，漸漸受異族同化了。雖然如此，腓尼基人在<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%B4%84%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="新約聖經">新約</a>時代仍是一群強大的民族。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="埃及"><span id=".E5.9F.83.E5.8F.8A"></span>埃及</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%85%93%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：埃及"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>他們深受埃及文化的影響，奉的是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="多神教">多神教</a>。所以他們學會了製作<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E4%B9%83%E4%BC%8A" title="木乃伊">木乃伊</a>的技巧，並把死者遺體製成為木乃伊後放入人形的棺槨內；也朝拜<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a>的神祇。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="希臘"><span id=".E5.B8.8C.E8.87.98"></span>希臘</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%85%93%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：希臘"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>腓尼基也是<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E" title="希臘文明">希臘文明</a>的来源之一。希臘人從他們的商船上得到了許多東方的製造品，學到了許多工藝美術。但其中最重要的乃是腓尼基人的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="字母">字母</a>。希臘人喪失了公元前十二世紀的字母，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E9%BB%91%E6%9A%97%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="希腊黑暗时代">黑暗时代</a>後，希臘人才再學會了那些腓尼基字母之後，又加上了幾個<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="母音">母音</a>，完成了字母的作用，成為後來歐洲各類字母之祖。腓尼基的商船上又載有埃及等處運來的筆墨紙等文具，在這個情形之下，希臘的文學也就漸漸地萌芽起來了。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="名考"><span id=".E5.90.8D.E8.80.83"></span>名考</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%85%93%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：名考"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>近代的語言學家確認“phoinix”這個詞源自<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AD%90%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="印歐語系">印歐語系</a>，意為“紫色/紫紅色”。希臘人應是將住在腓尼基地區“擁有面部黝黑膚色”的居民與紫色聯想在一起（“Phoínik”是指腓尼基人著名的工業，可能與紫紅色染布工業有關，而復數“phoínikes”指的是腓尼基人）。即便如此，“腓尼基”這個詞的來源依然存在混淆，在其他的語言裡有著不同的含義。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="引用"><span id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8"></span>引用</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%85%93%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：引用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Phoenicia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Phoenicia"><span style="font-weight:bold;">腓尼基</span></a></div></div> </div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Aubet2001-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Aubet2001_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">María Eugenia Aubet. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B7SLWT2vpNcC&pg=PA18">The Phoenicians and the West: Politics, Colonies and Trade</a>. Cambridge University Press. 6 September 2001: 18, 44. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-79543-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-521-79543-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-521-79543-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%85%93%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA&rft.au=Mar%C3%ADa+Eugenia+Aubet&rft.btitle=The+Phoenicians+and+the+West%3A+Politics%2C+Colonies+and+Trade&rft.date=2001-09-06&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-521-79543-2&rft.pages=18%2C+44&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB7SLWT2vpNcC%26pg%3DPA18&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/phoe/hd_phoe.htm">The Phoenicians (1500–300 B.C.) - Thematic Essay - Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History - The Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-02-10</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210503194250/https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/phoe/hd_phoe.htm">存档</a>于2021-05-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%85%93%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA&rft.btitle=The+Phoenicians+%281500%E2%80%93300+B.C.%29+-+Thematic+Essay+-+Heilbrunn+Timeline+of+Art+History+-+The+Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Ftoah%2Fhd%2Fphoe%2Fhd_phoe.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080906131446/http://bartleby.com/67/109.html">Phoenicia – The Rise of Sidon</a>. The Encyclopedia of World History, Sixth edition. Houghton Mifflin Company: 1. 2001 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-12-11</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartleby.com/67/109.html">原始内容</a>存档于2008-09-06）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%85%93%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA&rft.atitle=Phoenicia+%E2%80%93+The+Rise+of+Sidon&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+World+History%2C+Sixth+edition&rft.pages=1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bartleby.com%2F67%2F109.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Briquel-Chatonnet, Françoise; Gubel, Éric. <span></span><i>Les Phéniciens : Aux origines du Liban</i><span></span>. Collection « <a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E7%8F%BE%E4%B9%8B%E6%97%85%E5%8F%A2%E6%9B%B8" title="發現之旅叢書">Découvertes Gallimard</a> » (nº 358). Paris: Éditions Gallimard. 1998-09-24: p. 18. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-2-07-053456-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-2-07-053456-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-2-07-053456-2</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到法语网页">（法语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%85%93%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA&rft.au=Gubel%2C+%C3%89ric&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7oise&rft.aulast=Briquel-Chatonnet&rft.btitle=Les+Ph%C3%A9niciens+%3A+Aux+origines+du+Liban&rft.date=1998-09-24&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-2-07-053456-2&rft.pages=p.+18&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Gallimard&rft.series=Collection+%C2%AB+D%C3%A9couvertes+Gallimard+%C2%BB+%28n%C2%BA+358%29&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img 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