CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913639fb7ad087a8',cH: 'j6E0hQlmTqdJUfEYWMDSnFnIbvCtA5X8sATaKby.j_c-1739800017-1.2.1.1-hlsUmWs1F2JEVnTvi.vcn9IlB1ewpltGrIMCs2.45WFn_clrltVuzf46kJM0kB9n',cUPMDTk: "\/10012209\/endnote?__cf_chl_tk=gZdz_iYp578H6fkaq83uLBN2Em.LXcTveXaEV07LNEg-1739800017-1.0.1.1-p2.O.q_G17quWHz12nKLtPyMnfw.d9vF28_ZlcuBapE",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739800017',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10012209\/endnote?__cf_chl_f_tk=gZdz_iYp578H6fkaq83uLBN2Em.LXcTveXaEV07LNEg-1739800017-1.0.1.1-p2.O.q_G17quWHz12nKLtPyMnfw.d9vF28_ZlcuBapE",md: "MGWAt9LJ409fG6DvwLRWdc.enEAAUCseLPBUj9d75RQ-1739800017-1.2.1.1-6EIiAx4W1jUFTUw7DtH.hgHyqr53whEvWykLCMC61Iws8sjkfnMMvoS.5xExwoVFrCcG6hyz2gI3gM_VeDmPxTqwoLSPf5T39nJf7MKKzCjaUfoCb_T0WHfkkPylAaZq3QzWfHQPnE9JkewQaIQl9xzsf6t.lvuV8KCDGXN6Bha3iZMDJta7p433OIh6.1EjUm0oDq9KIeaWB.fbWdQvo6BTarWyCh209h5ktGS_jefijlOwJhDqgX065nDKwdmI1rYzwF6ZcXL.MaRSAksJBBvw6t23QI0YJMLeQUD64_oNgxihaZc7yA07lp4h0qQHecNbmBJ.1dD7edyVIbptn3yDSU0olZ78UsTt2NvsMuBgwEZQWsb687d5HgfdjmkLrYlpfxDWA09NaqLMsIty56mHQtfEOmIBMQEB5IFaXIo1vmm.CTqVzXkLMdRcCds3bJ7wN7UGvNbxEJ1FX_xfNotrOdSMzvS444FkBdqcwacrT7ptDERiFH15U.p6PJzXlZbPdUqsUw_l0KLr0E1NuHOshI.0iAkOprqbN5PaIWPLaSN_Kyn8Ego3peEVVZ1qpn7yjhH9GlK4h8.frn44ewRLtnDk439Mju4PUqhHKtP2R3fkCacfMppKqv2nxbj449vReh1D6kye1Cc3M8C4CL4Jtyy.Hogu8QKEN0FEgp6usRjcAWYlYs.ndsuk8pug51Mkhkuxw.w.3fb8Z2r0bscQRc6RSjoFLWsVXZcz8_iuA_iciTxxndS2hiuVyhDv2eYid037p4k6YZ6pXE.G55LvVOPfbtbiOYwOZhgg9PDToZuzpxmAv6a0rXGYsPr1MZdDufHDZnMBPM.FkFHNALi2CyHSY4G1e7PjSv4PlVh6e_VyNLnKdcRvm_WST2TK73uOoFQtJMElSkQB1h35cNNhzzI_L2_Owxtp_6l2zJvOKA.kExyr9jF.clkguTM9ejenK9sc4oOi6dCBBO_6VPwuku9A5ozdm4oWu2526O_ccfnbLoRNcVccQWil8xt4q2bhyUYDFx2VTG9TkqW0ov0jJm7ZoWjhcTBIztKYb._.dAL9Z4O4tYfWi6OdRYG6lSJPSlgpBNqAjpRHPwTno4Dh4yx5MKw_HCJm9P291Rbrm2MFpphcCLhKKpmxGL206QchDU37_X0rtiqkkdals_f.mgHoMG0Hy9plBTtHgpJ3T5iBY30SpBOUTl8ShvaI2s_z4tJ3tDrAxdOdokuwHnNdLdU7fcBjzfZZmtyST2sQZ9iQlWtXgxfvOQ_OWecwG_OKEDT9wYEkCAJcOdMCZ6mqr_XZuxLZFBAZskLjX2hRPZh7QQMu65QBywDj_b9pfzSrHqlaJKeqlaKnGg0m5ebL0_iGg.Hlhw8TGU_rTQ6EcGF..9ZnsQQi7_PG6cu3qV398mQj_BhWsJwAmgoctyfKrvt_uXHjbPDPWp08w.137ALlFRTY4sUtFIKhJiI8UtNgBJU45vvxqjQ_bEnhFRlPX7fP81ua5fHA6J7U.MVmUvB_Khs0bJnv2Kaa1sQjmH5KOdAYqFUF9f6wiu6WWPi5JUh0IV7NVrPRqK8VF0f.4_c9kA0TiJCa7OS.kDzoZ_rXT1Q5A.7Sv7EWHFQ7aFhOQWVNpfZ4rDCPPYwqo1R.vTfZYoINe6FJWZVUb35lfOz4HvdQ403do1oqk17yQC1xALcXSBbWQqE1yrwz4Gp4qun.9g7kbbJDYtvWii_KH3evjSv2bphIxtWiTA05ZjgHOYZuZ7K4ewENhCWgxZkPS2KC.sk24IvcfTuN8PyD3VOjPR4X.DU_64I_Yaka6aL4MKX1tvnfT818jJCk9LkF_uSZ_5WLvnE._kvVcWDnfmYywACGZUSPfsDOsXVLd2wxB8hzDMMHmmu6TvG4p0Q",mdrd: "ijAW.n3LJp3Zb.4zrhJV1xTjpReAqGYUI_HGVn3a5Jo-1739800017-1.2.1.1-rN.f_keochHHfbuASlMj66ptjw9uls2Ne3j.vbHmYr01j5LqmPzaS4dZDmVcN9jUMMIcIdCYwvA7GgvXiNBeEq6Te5NcwNVPdRdqa_LvCxls91kEONlZKFfLSi1hiD5LHYJVARXTgeE7Shj0bPYpvq6A0fj.FMC1LImqP1SyNFsA7mFcVp8ClQkjZKUe7dfL7uSIXNAw1r53V7KWxdqKMB0Pc17if1VrTjZIX6onDewxma37zO1zo3Jy3Wur7bKlxLcH70aNXOQLIOXG_ae3LNT26El33XjI8.um92vU8qR6ypgAqPWZ_zEgPLm5ryL4EFcFLbMw7jasX5DKABiigPQE5XYSa4jrYVfAODHdpmf_7Y2olVlB9uai62bxFQoT9b0AGIFMOG6inDP_UnsDI0CWT3AH2zQrO8v3r9nt0BpBRR1w35ewp7ItqWPHelk3odwsrjCKMAUDTfnhlp52LC0zVlPnleVYv26Qn9gApSbbWCyLZVia96LExylXmLyXR8rSNtEoTB8KCpmIG3_EpHl3As1aARJe0dG.h1gHK2sSPNDHb3l5kW8Xm9jVyBvLyaXs1sXszqJ4blfnmIfUBgHwvgJUMsc0pn87V.t1rmMRK_iDe79v1dzYb5KRX2D3uu6Fp80v924uSkNzWE1yF9ts975SeFYg7_vU7IFi.KpQ5VE6arbjrHMNZVwmNQ6mZOXhhikCJZpjyC6JFMxkuH4BuEnKGcW8EzwTWD1ZGdOuysuTSoIF7rjdRVzZbjyuzYnLC.Hq4cpZQHsMllPvVEi_1vBniWZqvHXN1mAEdupt5faNHBhmef4JgiDpsXRCtc2gZK7VHaSVtZX_W1ru6xTOP4U2YxPLo.SpjR7DGoQgRY0PXwMoTxNLQ2Evtl9QH1f9kSAjG3tNRTdkR7XBw.CPV7gZIRa.5cQ2HNgs5.TmV6_SIZVYUuXkMj4ZA4jMSajuJ.AJn2V0O.yLxowevT6O5FibXfHtSojVpmMVi5mNkpk6_.maGSJKJTmLOR5.ZYQeD5ATULkU0JUPS4GYzYFGPdeHMJ9zOB_UsL2z3YpfQg4nMK9f2hRgzlbIKzQ2aBVwQC_fs_UNay9DYWC4Jxb6KlLoSr0zjXr3TcU_t.vHsc.VDAQKjiy67DiRIsdi9yhiZPqquo1XnwsKhNGqz_ndWFOtXbCSljxA.vYJwziNC9a1tZwI5fkmeUC2honvEDCR4kVF3FHRdL5Ld56dIHcy6sEvqB1U0pizsxxvCcMD7lE07bFlniIs1GFXZekiPqQt5A8H82vQ._BuQCb24XiJc8_s3z_Jo7LIzC7lHzvf0Q_YZD27PSP6HNV1NL4htvh6mU6DC7fYix1YxyuiPFWZ.e8Nr_jMVOXmI1Poj3a3QCZkrCm5.CWEi2S23IHEufLy.8LFd9fuUqgVxC4yF5X2VJv8xCrjFXX84Z2_GqU6CAanagFZFi6hzNuh2yeeQ7PFks_eCXm0bhGRwQHRVdiIMisJ6jHPl3Cx_ZYE8zyLTEKiigig5wCw65bsaAotXpkGqz4Lcul6QEU3kkl3tdaIEW9XtIoGLJi2oUytQgytBBvxlUZVcgBe5QHHQGJBc5NtT2rCAkRcvkErSWh16ZZn4K6zZNJs._2MwbVUd98R0MKhUSbuekLA2FudbmPOV58HK0bexupHpltVbkVEEsf7WN.p3NxOP7QEyZs6rahdmRlu3E3yCh3302z_8JFBEUzuSLml83EMjncq_esDxP.bNLoRrhLtqoATim1nqX4Cisa9xzBo18a5SiAQtysERM26iEFa0CC3cnQaUIqsBYEmHZuxmCZuAY92wtfoYudO6rlLwZYeb58eDYKcF4GagUghdXRHvXZ_d47kv6OnEWKpvp0yJy6szh27B93lPSy7huVY0OqhhglNHpbrvNYNr6JTmzpNw_I17bEeCtt.C8Z3cJtMk0yw6iDUJPDMGCifChX6JDiyV.Pd98aNNnIK"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913639fb7ad087a8';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10012209\/endnote?__cf_chl_rt_tk=gZdz_iYp578H6fkaq83uLBN2Em.LXcTveXaEV07LNEg-1739800017-1.0.1.1-p2.O.q_G17quWHz12nKLtPyMnfw.d9vF28_ZlcuBapE" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>