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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ricci in China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ricci_in_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ricci's_approach_to_Chinese_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ricci's_approach_to_Chinese_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ricci's approach to Chinese culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ricci's_approach_to_Chinese_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cause_of_canonization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cause_of_canonization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cause of canonization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cause_of_canonization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commemoration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commemoration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Commemoration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commemoration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Works</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Works subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_True_Meaning_of_the_Lord_of_Heaven" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_True_Meaning_of_the_Lord_of_Heaven"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span><i>The True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_True_Meaning_of_the_Lord_of_Heaven-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Other works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Matteo Ricci</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 50 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A" title="ماتيو ريتشي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماتيو ريتشي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matteo_Ricci" title="Matteo Ricci – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Matteo Ricci" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D1%8B%D1%87%D1%8B" title="Матэа Рычы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Матэа Рычы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matteo_Ricci" title="Matteo Ricci – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Matteo Ricci" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matteo_Ricci" title="Matteo Ricci – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Matteo Ricci" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matteo_Ricci" title="Matteo Ricci – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Matteo Ricci" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matteo_Ricci" title="Matteo Ricci – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Matteo Ricci" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matteo_Ricci" title="Matteo Ricci – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Matteo Ricci" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matteo_Ricci" title="Matteo Ricci – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Matteo Ricci" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A6%D9%88_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%DA%86%DB%8C" title="ماتئو ریتچی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ماتئو ریتچی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matteo_Ricci" title="Matteo Ricci – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Matteo Ricci" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matteo_Ricci" title="Matteo Ricci – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Matteo Ricci" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E7%91%AA%E7%AB%87" title="利瑪竇 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="利瑪竇" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_M%C3%A2-teu" title="Li Mâ-teu – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Li Mâ-teu" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%ED%85%8C%EC%98%A4_%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%98" title="마테오 리치 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마테오 리치" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matteo_Ricci" title="Matteo Ricci – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Matteo Ricci" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matteo_Ricci" title="Matteo Ricci – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Matteo Ricci" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matteo_Ricci" title="Matteo Ricci – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Matteo Ricci" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%90%D7%95_%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A6%27%D7%99" title="מטאו ריצ'י – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מטאו ריצ'י" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matteo_Ricci" title="Matteo Ricci – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Matteo Ricci" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthaeus_Riccius" title="Matthaeus Riccius – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Matthaeus Riccius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mateo_Ri%C4%8Di" title="Mateo Riči – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mateo Riči" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matteo_Ricci" title="Matteo Ricci – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Matteo Ricci" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF" title="മത്തേയോ റിച്ചി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മത്തേയോ റിച്ചി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%89" title="ماتيو ريتشى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ماتيو ريتشى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matteo_Ricci" title="Matteo Ricci – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Matteo Ricci" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9_M%C4%81-d%C3%A2iu" title="Lé Mā-dâiu – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Lé Mā-dâiu" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matteo_Ricci" title="Matteo Ricci – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Matteo Ricci" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%86%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%83%81" title="マテオ・リッチ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マテオ・リッチ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matteo_Ricci" title="Matteo Ricci – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Matteo Ricci" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matteo_Ricci" title="Matteo Ricci – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Matteo Ricci" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matteo_Ricci" title="Matteo Ricci – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Matteo Ricci" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matteo_Ricci" title="Matteo Ricci – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Matteo Ricci" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matteo_Ricci" title="Matteo Ricci – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Matteo Ricci" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mateo_Ricci" title="Mateo Ricci – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Mateo Ricci" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B8,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE" title="Риччи, Маттео – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Риччи, Маттео" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matteo_Ricci" title="Matteo Ricci – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Matteo Ricci" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matteo_Ricci" title="Matteo Ricci – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Matteo Ricci" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matteo_Ricci" title="Matteo Ricci – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Matteo Ricci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matteo_Ricci" title="Matteo Ricci – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Matteo Ricci" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matteo_Ricci" title="Matteo Ricci – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Matteo Ricci" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8B_%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="மத்தேயோ ரீச்சி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மத்தேயோ ரீச்சி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matteo_Ricci" title="Matteo Ricci – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Matteo Ricci" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE_%D0%A0%D1%96%D1%87%D1%87%D1%96" title="Маттео Річчі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Маттео Річчі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%B1%DA%86%DB%8C" title="ماتیو رچی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ماتیو رچی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matteo_Ricci" title="Matteo Ricci – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Matteo Ricci" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E7%91%AA%E7%AB%87" title="利瑪竇 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="利瑪竇" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div class="cdx-message cdx-message--block cdx-message--warning mw-revision"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content"><div id="mw-revision-info-current"><p><b>This is the <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">current revision</a> of this page, as edited by <span id="mw-revision-name"><a href="/wiki/User:Jevansen" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Jevansen" data-mw-revid="1255944654"><bdi>Jevansen</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Jevansen" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Jevansen">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Jevansen" 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The present address (URL) is a <a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">permanent link</a> to this version.</b></p><div id="revision-info-current-plain" style="display: none;">Revision as of 11:45, 7 November 2024 by <a href="/wiki/User:Jevansen" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Jevansen" data-mw-revid="1255944654"><bdi>Jevansen</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Jevansen" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Jevansen">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Jevansen" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Jevansen">contribs</a>)</span> <span class="comment">(Moving from <a href="/wiki/Category:16th-century_male_writers" title="Category:16th-century male writers">Category:16th-century male writers</a> to <a href="/wiki/Category:16th-century_Italian_male_writers" title="Category:16th-century Italian male writers">Category:16th-century Italian male writers</a> using <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Cat-a-lot" class="extiw" title="c:Help:Cat-a-lot">Cat-a-lot</a>)</span></div></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Matteo_Ricci&diff=prev&oldid=1255944654" title="Matteo Ricci">diff</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matteo_Ricci&direction=prev&oldid=1255944654" title="Matteo Ricci">← Previous revision</a> | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Italian Catholic missionary (1552–1610)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Matteo Ricci, see <a href="/wiki/Matteo_Ricci_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Matteo Ricci (disambiguation)">Matteo Ricci (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice skin-invert-image" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output 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color: #000000;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Venerable" title="The Venerable">The Venerable</a></div><div class="fn">Matteo Ricci</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">SJ</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ricciportrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Ricciportrait.jpg/220px-Ricciportrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Ricciportrait.jpg/330px-Ricciportrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Ricciportrait.jpg/440px-Ricciportrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="974" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">1610 Chinese portrait of Ricci</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Title</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Superior_general_(Christianity)" title="Superior general (Christianity)">Superior General</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Jesuit_missions_in_China" title="Jesuit missions in China">China mission</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #FFCC99; color: #000000;">Personal</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">6 October 1552<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Macerata" title="Macerata">Macerata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">11 May 1610<span style="display:none">(1610-05-11)</span> (aged 57)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Beijing, <a href="/wiki/Ming_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming Empire">Ming Empire</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zhalan_Cemetery" title="Zhalan Cemetery">Zhalan Cemetery</a>, Beijing</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable work(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Kunyu_Wanguo_Quantu" title="Kunyu Wanguo Quantu">Kunyu Wanguo Quantu</a></i></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #FFCC99; color: #000000;">Organization</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Order</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Society of Jesus</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #FFCC99; color: #000000;">Senior posting</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Period in office</th><td class="infobox-data">1597–1610</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%B2_Longobardo" title="Nicolò Longobardo">Nicolò Longobardo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reason for exit</th><td class="infobox-data">His death</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Matteo Ricci</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">SJ</a></span> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Italian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[matˈtɛːo<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈrittʃi]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Matthaeus Riccius</i>; 6 October 1552 – 11 May 1610) was an Italian <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> <a href="/wiki/Priesthood_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Priesthood in the Catholic Church">priest</a> and one of the founding figures of the <a href="/wiki/Jesuit_China_missions" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit China missions">Jesuit China missions</a>. He created the <span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Kunyu_Wanguo_Quantu" title="Kunyu Wanguo Quantu">Kunyu Wanguo Quantu</a></i></span>, a 1602 map of the world written in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a>. In 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Apostolic See</a> declared its recognition of Ricci's <a href="/wiki/Heroic_virtue" title="Heroic virtue">heroic virtues</a>, thereby bestowing upon him the honorific of <a href="/wiki/Venerable" class="mw-redirect" title="Venerable">Venerable</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ricci arrived at the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Macau" title="Portuguese Macau">Portuguese settlement of Macau</a> in 1582 where he began his missionary work in China. He mastered the Chinese language and writing system. He became the first European to enter the <a href="/wiki/Forbidden_City" title="Forbidden City">Forbidden City</a> of Beijing in 1601 when invited by the <a href="/wiki/Wanli_Emperor" title="Wanli Emperor">Wanli Emperor</a>, who sought his services in matters such as <a href="/wiki/Chinese_astronomy" title="Chinese astronomy">court astronomy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">calendrical science</a>. He emphasized parallels between <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a> but opposed <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>. He converted several prominent Chinese officials to Catholicism. He also worked with several Chinese elites, such as <a href="/wiki/Xu_Guangqi" title="Xu Guangqi">Xu Guangqi</a>, in translating <a href="/wiki/Euclid%27s_Elements" title="Euclid's Elements">Euclid's <i>Elements</i></a> into Chinese as well as the <a href="/wiki/Confucian_classics" class="mw-redirect" title="Confucian classics">Confucian classics</a> into <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> for the first time in history. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matteo_Ricci&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ricci was born on 6 October 1552 in <a href="/wiki/Macerata" title="Macerata">Macerata</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a> and today a city in the Italian region of <a href="/wiki/Marche" title="Marche">Marche</a>. He studied the classics in his native hometown and studied law at Rome for two years. He entered the Society of Jesus in April 1571 at the <a href="/wiki/Roman_College" title="Roman College">Roman College</a>. While there, in addition to philosophy and theology, he also studied mathematics, cosmology, and astronomy under the direction of <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Clavius" title="Christopher Clavius">Christopher Clavius</a>. In 1577, he applied for a missionary expedition to the Far East. He sailed from Lisbon, Portugal, in March 1578 and arrived in <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a>, a Portuguese colony, the following September. Ricci remained employed in teaching and the ministry there until the end of Lent 1582 when he was summoned to <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Macau" title="Portuguese Macau">Macau</a> to prepare to enter China. Ricci arrived in Macau in the early part of August.<sup id="cite_ref-Brucker_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brucker-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ricci_in_China">Ricci in China</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matteo_Ricci&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ricci in China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Europeans_in_Medieval_China" title="Europeans in Medieval China">Europeans in Medieval China</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Matteo Ricci</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Macau_-_panoramio_(81).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Macau_-_panoramio_%2881%29.jpg/220px-Macau_-_panoramio_%2881%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Macau_-_panoramio_%2881%29.jpg/330px-Macau_-_panoramio_%2881%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Macau_-_panoramio_%2881%29.jpg/440px-Macau_-_panoramio_%2881%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2432" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The statue of Ricci in downtown <a href="/wiki/Macao" class="mw-redirect" title="Macao">Macao</a>, unveiled on 7 August 2010, the anniversary of his arrival on the island</div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%88%A9" class="extiw" title="wikt:利">利</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%91%AA" class="extiw" title="wikt:瑪">瑪</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%AB%87" class="extiw" title="wikt:竇">竇</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%88%A9" class="extiw" title="wikt:利">利</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%8E%9B" class="extiw" title="wikt:玛">玛</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%AA%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:窦">窦</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Lì Mǎdòu</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">ㄌㄧˋ ㄇㄚˇㄉㄡˋ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Lih Maadow</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span>Li<sup>4</sup> Ma<sup>3</sup>-tou<sup>4</sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Lì Mǎ-dòu</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[lî màtôʊ]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">lei6 maa5dau6</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[lej˨ ma˩˧tɐw˨]</a></span></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;"><a href="/wiki/Courtesy_name" title="Courtesy name">Courtesy name</a>: Xitai</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF" class="extiw" title="wikt:西">西</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B3%B0" class="extiw" title="wikt:泰">泰</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Xītài</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">ㄒㄧㄊㄞˋ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shitay</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span>Hsi<sup>1</sup>-t</span>ʻ<span>ai<sup>4</sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Si-tài</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[ɕítʰâɪ]</a></span></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Matteo_Ricci%27s_way_from_Macau_to_Beijing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Matteo_Ricci%27s_way_from_Macau_to_Beijing.jpg/200px-Matteo_Ricci%27s_way_from_Macau_to_Beijing.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Matteo_Ricci%27s_way_from_Macau_to_Beijing.jpg/300px-Matteo_Ricci%27s_way_from_Macau_to_Beijing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Matteo_Ricci%27s_way_from_Macau_to_Beijing.jpg/400px-Matteo_Ricci%27s_way_from_Macau_to_Beijing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2421" data-file-height="1904" /></a><figcaption>Matteo Ricci's way from Macau to Beijing</figcaption></figure> <p>In August 1582, Ricci arrived at Macau, a Portuguese trading post on the <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:132_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:132-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 79">: 79 </span></sup> At the time, Christian missionary activity in China was almost completely limited to Macau, where some of the local Chinese people had converted to Christianity. Three years before, <a href="/wiki/Michele_Ruggieri" title="Michele Ruggieri">Michele Ruggieri</a> was invited from <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese India</a> expressly to study Chinese, by <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Valignano" title="Alessandro Valignano">Alessandro Valignano</a>, founder of <a href="/wiki/St._Paul_Jesuit_College_(Macau)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Paul Jesuit College (Macau)">St. Paul Jesuit College (Macau)</a>, and to prepare for the Jesuits' mission from Macau into <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Once in Macau, Ricci studied the Chinese language and customs. It was the beginning of a long project that made him one of the first Western scholars to master Chinese script and <a href="/wiki/Classical_Chinese" title="Classical Chinese">Classical Chinese</a>. With Ruggieri, he travelled to <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a>'s major cities, <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Canton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a> (then the residence of the Viceroy of Guangdong and Guangxi), seeking to establish a permanent Jesuit mission outside Macau.<sup id="cite_ref-Brucker_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brucker-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1583, Ricci and Ruggieri settled in Zhaoqing, at the invitation of the governor of Zhaoqing, Wang Pan, who had heard of Ricci's skill as a mathematician and cartographer. Ricci stayed in Zhaoqing from 1583 to 1589, when he was expelled by a new viceroy. It was in Zhaoqing, in 1584, that Ricci composed the first European-style world map in Chinese, called "Da Ying Quan Tu" (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">大瀛全圖</span>; <abbr title="Literal translation"><small>lit.</small></abbr> 'Complete Map of the Great World').<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No prints of the 1584 map are known to exist, but, of the much improved and expanded <a href="/wiki/Kunyu_Wanguo_Quantu" title="Kunyu Wanguo Quantu">Kunyu Wanguo Quantu</a> of 1602,<sup id="cite_ref-Baran_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baran-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> six recopied, rice-paper versions survive.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_News_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is thought that, during their time in Zhaoqing, Ricci and <a href="/wiki/Michele_Ruggieri" title="Michele Ruggieri">Ruggieri</a> compiled a Portuguese-Chinese dictionary, the first in any European language, for which they developed a system for transcribing Chinese words in the Latin alphabet. The manuscript was misplaced in the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit</a> Archives in Rome, rediscovered only in 1934, and published only in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-camus_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-camus-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ricciDict_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ricciDict-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Matteo_Ricci_Museum_in_Zhaoqing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Matteo_Ricci_Museum_in_Zhaoqing.jpg/220px-Matteo_Ricci_Museum_in_Zhaoqing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Matteo_Ricci_Museum_in_Zhaoqing.jpg/330px-Matteo_Ricci_Museum_in_Zhaoqing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Matteo_Ricci_Museum_in_Zhaoqing.jpg/440px-Matteo_Ricci_Museum_in_Zhaoqing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Matteo Ricci Museum in Zhaoqing (肇庆, 崇禧塔), location of the ancient Catholic Church he helped found called 仙花寺</figcaption></figure> <p>There is now a memorial plaque in Zhaoqing to commemorate Ricci's six-year stay there, as well as a "Ricci Memorial Centre"<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in a building dating from the 1860s. </p><p>Expelled from Zhaoqing in 1588, Ricci obtained permission to relocate to <a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a> (Shaozhou, in Ricci's account) in the north of the province, and reestablish his mission there.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Further travels saw Ricci reach <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a> (Ming's southern capital) and <a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang">Nanchang</a> in 1595. In August 1597, <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Valignano" title="Alessandro Valignano">Alessandro Valignano</a> (1539–1606), his superior, appointed him Major Superior of the mission in China, with the rank and powers of a Provincial, a charge that he fulfilled until his death.<sup id="cite_ref-dehergne_219_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dehergne_219-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He moved to <a href="/wiki/Tongzhou_District,_Beijing" class="mw-redirect" title="Tongzhou District, Beijing">Tongzhou</a> (a port of Beijing) in 1598, and first reached the capital <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> itself on 7 September 1598. However, because of a <a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasions_of_Korea_(1592-1598)" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese invasions of Korea (1592-1598)">Chinese intervention against the Japanese invasion of Korea</a> at the time, Ricci could not reach the <a href="/wiki/Forbidden_City" title="Forbidden City">Imperial Palace</a>. After waiting for two months, he left Beijing; first for Nanjing and then <a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a> in <a href="/wiki/Zhili" title="Zhili">Southern Zhili Province</a>. </p><p>During the winter of 1598, Ricci, with the help of his Jesuit colleague <a href="/wiki/Lazzaro_Cattaneo" title="Lazzaro Cattaneo">Lazzaro Cattaneo</a>, compiled another Chinese-Portuguese dictionary, in which tones in Chinese syllables were indicated in Roman text with diacritical marks. Unlike Ricci's and Ruggieri's earlier Portuguese-Chinese dictionary, this work has not been found.<sup id="cite_ref-camus_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-camus-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1601, Ricci was invited to become an adviser to the imperial court of the <a href="/wiki/Wanli_Emperor" title="Wanli Emperor">Wanli Emperor</a>, the first Westerner to be invited into the <a href="/wiki/Forbidden_City" title="Forbidden City">Forbidden City</a>. This honor was in recognition of Ricci's scientific abilities, chiefly his predictions of solar eclipses, which were significant events in the Chinese world.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He established the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_in_Beijing" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception in Beijing">Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception in Beijing</a>, the oldest <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_China" title="Catholic Church in China">Catholic</a> church in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ricci was given free access to the Forbidden City but never met the reclusive Wanli Emperor, who, however, granted him patronage, with a generous stipend and supported Ricci's completion of the <i><a href="/wiki/Zhifang_Waiji" title="Zhifang Waiji">Zhifang Waiji</a></i>, China's first global atlas.<sup id="cite_ref-wdl_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wdl-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Once established in Beijing, Ricci was able to meet important officials and leading members of the Beijing cultural scene and convert a number of them to Christianity,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the most prominent being leading agronomist <a href="/wiki/Xu_Guangqi" title="Xu Guangqi">Xu Guangqi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ricci was also the first European to learn about the <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng_Jews" title="Kaifeng Jews">Kaifeng Jews</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-white_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-white-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> being contacted by a member of that community who was visiting Beijing in 1605. Ricci never visited <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a> Province, but he sent a junior missionary there in 1608, the first of many such missions. In fact, the elderly <a href="/wiki/Chief_Rabbi" title="Chief Rabbi">Chief Rabbi</a> of the Jews was ready to cede his power to Ricci, as long as he gave up eating pork, but Ricci never accepted the position.<sup id="cite_ref-white_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-white-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Matteo_Ricci_Tombstone_Beijing_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Matteo_Ricci_Tombstone_Beijing_2017.jpg/200px-Matteo_Ricci_Tombstone_Beijing_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Matteo_Ricci_Tombstone_Beijing_2017.jpg/300px-Matteo_Ricci_Tombstone_Beijing_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Matteo_Ricci_Tombstone_Beijing_2017.jpg/400px-Matteo_Ricci_Tombstone_Beijing_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Ricci's grave (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">利玛窦墓</span></span>) in <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Zhalan_Cemetery" title="Zhalan Cemetery">Zhalan Cemetery</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Ricci died on 11 May 1610, in <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, aged 57.<sup id="cite_ref-Brucker_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brucker-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the code of the Ming Dynasty, foreigners who died in China had to be buried in <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Macao" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Macao">Macau</a>. <a href="/wiki/Diego_de_Pantoja" title="Diego de Pantoja">Diego de Pantoja</a> made a special plea to the court, requesting a burial plot in Beijing, in the light of Ricci's contributions to China. The Wanli Emperor granted this request and designated a Buddhist temple for the purpose. In October 1610, Ricci's remains were transferred there.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The graves of <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Verbiest" title="Ferdinand Verbiest">Ferdinand Verbiest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Adam_Schall_von_Bell" title="Johann Adam Schall von Bell">Johann Adam Schall von Bell</a>, and other missionaries are also there, and it became known as the <a href="/wiki/Zhalan_Cemetery" title="Zhalan Cemetery">Zhalan Cemetery</a>, which is today located within the campus of the <a href="/wiki/Beijing_Administrative_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing Administrative College">Beijing Administrative College</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Xicheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xicheng District">Xicheng District</a>, Beijing.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ricci was succeeded as Provincial Superior of the China mission by <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%B2_Longobardo" title="Nicolò Longobardo">Nicolò Longobardo</a> in 1610. Longobardo entrusted another Jesuit, <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Trigault" title="Nicolas Trigault">Nicolas Trigault</a>, with expanding and editing, as well as translating into Latin, those of Ricci's papers that were found in his office after his death. This work was first published in 1615 in <a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a> as <i><a href="/wiki/De_Christiana_expeditione_apud_Sinas" title="De Christiana expeditione apud Sinas">De Christiana expeditione apud Sinas</a></i> and soon was translated into a number of other European languages.<sup id="cite_ref-Mungello_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mungello-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ricci's_approach_to_Chinese_culture"><span id="Ricci.27s_approach_to_Chinese_culture"></span>Ricci's approach to Chinese culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matteo_Ricci&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ricci's approach to Chinese culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Matteo_Ricci_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Matteo_Ricci_2.jpg/200px-Matteo_Ricci_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Matteo_Ricci_2.jpg/300px-Matteo_Ricci_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Matteo_Ricci_2.jpg/400px-Matteo_Ricci_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>An early 17th-century depiction of Ricci in <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese_clothing" class="mw-redirect" title="Han Chinese clothing">Chinese robes</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Ricci could speak Chinese as well as read and write <a href="/wiki/Classical_Chinese" title="Classical Chinese">classical Chinese</a>, the literary language of scholars and officials. He was known for his appreciation of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a> in general but condemned the <a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_China" title="Prostitution in China">prostitution</a> which was widespread in Beijing at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also called the Chinese "barbarians" in letters back home to his friends, and opposed what he considered to be <a href="/wiki/Racism_in_China" title="Racism in China">anti-Black prejudice</a> among the populace. He noted this, however, in the context of his function as a <a href="/wiki/Slave_catcher" title="Slave catcher">slave catcher</a> for the Portuguese. (Ricci himself also owned African slaves.)<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his research, he discovered that in contrast to the cultures of <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>, Chinese culture was strongly intertwined with <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucian</a> values and therefore decided to use existing Chinese concepts to explain Christianity.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With his superior Valignano's formal approval, he aligned himself with the Confucian intellectually elite literati,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and even adopted their mode of dress. He did not explain the Catholic faith as entirely foreign or new; instead, he said that the Chinese culture and people always believed in God and that Christianity is the completion of their faith,<sup id="cite_ref-Franzen_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franzen-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 323">: 323 </span></sup> and explained the tenets of the Catholic faith through existing Chinese precepts and practices.<sup id="cite_ref-:132_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:132-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 79">: 79 </span></sup> He borrowed an unusual Chinese term, <a href="/wiki/Tianzhu_(Chinese_name_of_God)" title="Tianzhu (Chinese name of God)"><i>Tiānzhǔ</i></a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB" class="extiw" title="wikt:天主">天主</a></span></span>, "Lord of Heaven") to describe the <a href="/wiki/God_of_Abraham" title="God of Abraham">God of Abraham</a>, despite the term's origin in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">traditional Chinese worship</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tian" title="Tian">Heaven</a>. (He also cited many synonyms from the Confucian Classics.) </p><p>Ricci took an accommodating approach on various Chinese practices, including rituals such as ancestor worship.<sup id="cite_ref-:132_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:132-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 81">: 81 </span></sup><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominican</a> and <a href="/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">Franciscan</a> missionaries considered this an unacceptable accommodation and later appealed to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Vatican</a> on the issue.<sup id="cite_ref-Franzen_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franzen-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 324">: 324 </span></sup> This <a href="/wiki/Chinese_rites_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese rites controversy">Chinese rites controversy</a> continued for centuries. In 1721, fallout from the controversy led the <a href="/wiki/Kangxi_Emperor" title="Kangxi Emperor">Kangxi emperor</a> to expel the Jesuits.<sup id="cite_ref-:132_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:132-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 81">: 81 </span></sup> The Vatican's most recent statement on the Chinese rites controversy came in 1939. Some contemporary authors have praised Ricci as an exemplar of beneficial <a href="/wiki/Inculturation" title="Inculturation">inculturation</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-griffiths_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-griffiths-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dunn_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunn-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> avoiding at the same time distorting the <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a> message or neglecting the indigenous cultural media.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like developments in India, the identification of European culture with Christianity led almost to the end of <a href="/wiki/Catholic_missions" title="Catholic missions">Catholic missions</a> in China, but Christianity continued to grow in <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a> and some other locations.<sup id="cite_ref-Franzen_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franzen-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 324">: 324 </span></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Xu_Guangqi" title="Xu Guangqi">Xu Guangqi</a> and Ricci became the first two to translate some of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_classics" title="Chinese classics">Confucian classics</a> into a Western language, Latin. </p><p>Ricci also met a <a href="/wiki/Joseon" title="Joseon">Korean</a> emissary to China, teaching the basic tenets of Catholicism and donating several books.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along with <a href="/wiki/Joao_Rodrigues_Tcuzu" class="mw-redirect" title="Joao Rodrigues Tcuzu">João Rodrigues</a>'s gifts to the ambassador <a href="/wiki/Jeong_Duwon" title="Jeong Duwon">Jeong Duwon</a> in 1631, Ricci's gifts influenced the creation of Korea's <a href="/wiki/Silhak" title="Silhak">Silhak</a> movement.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cause_of_canonization">Cause of canonization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matteo_Ricci&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cause of canonization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;background-color:gold;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Matteo Ricci</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Kircher_-_Toonneel_van_China_-_Ricci_and_Guangqi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Kircher_-_Toonneel_van_China_-_Ricci_and_Guangqi.jpg/220px-Kircher_-_Toonneel_van_China_-_Ricci_and_Guangqi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Kircher_-_Toonneel_van_China_-_Ricci_and_Guangqi.jpg/330px-Kircher_-_Toonneel_van_China_-_Ricci_and_Guangqi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Kircher_-_Toonneel_van_China_-_Ricci_and_Guangqi.jpg/440px-Kircher_-_Toonneel_van_China_-_Ricci_and_Guangqi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2521" data-file-height="3773" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Ricci with <a href="/wiki/Xu_Guangqi" title="Xu Guangqi">Xu Guangqi</a> (right), <span class="nowraplinks">from <a href="/wiki/Athanasius_Kircher" title="Athanasius Kircher">Athanasius Kircher</a>'s <i>China Illustrata</i>, 1667</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1552-10-06</span>)</span>6 October 1552<br /><a href="/wiki/Macerata" title="Macerata">Macerata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">11 May 1610<span style="display:none">(1610-05-11)</span> (aged 57)<br />Beijing, <a href="/wiki/Ming_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming Empire">Ming Empire</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The cause of his beatification, originally begun in 1984, was reopened on 24 January 2010, at the cathedral of the Italian diocese of Macerata-Tolentino-Recanati-Cingoli-Treia.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bishop Claudio Giuliodori, the apostolic administrator of the Diocese of Macerata, formally closed the diocesan phase of the sainthood process on 10 May 2013. The cause moved to the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Causes_of_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for the Causes of Saints">Congregation for the Causes of Saints</a> at the Vatican in 2014. Pope Francis issued a decree on 17 December 2022 that Ricci had lived a life of heroic virtue, thus conferring on him the title of <i>Venerable</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commemoration">Commemoration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matteo_Ricci&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Commemoration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following places and institutions are named after Matteo Ricci: </p> <ul><li>Matteo Ricci Pacific Studies Reading Room at The <a href="/wiki/National_Central_Library" title="National Central Library">National Central Library</a> of Taiwan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricci_Hall" title="Ricci Hall">Ricci Hall</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a dormitory at <a href="/wiki/The_University_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="The University of Hong Kong">The University of Hong Kong</a></li> <li>Ricci Building, a building at <a href="/wiki/Wah_Yan_College,_Kowloon" title="Wah Yan College, Kowloon">Wah Yan College, Kowloon</a> in Hong Kong</li> <li>The Matteo Ricci Study Hall,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at the <a href="/wiki/Ateneo_de_Manila_University" title="Ateneo de Manila University">Ateneo de Manila University</a></li> <li>Matteo Ricci College, Kowloon<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Hong Kong</li> <li>Matteo Ricci College,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at <a href="/wiki/Seattle_University" title="Seattle University">Seattle University</a></li> <li>Colégio Mateus Ricci,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li> <li>Sekolah Katolik Ricci 1 and 2 in <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taipei_Ricci_Institute" title="Taipei Ricci Institute">Taipei Ricci Institute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li>Macau Ricci Institute,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ricci Institute for Chinese-Western Cultural History<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at <a href="/wiki/Boston_College" title="Boston College">Boston College</a>.</li> <li>The Matteo Ricci Seminar at <a href="/wiki/Fordham_University" title="Fordham University">Fordham University</a><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Centro Matteo Ricci, a centre for refugees and asylum seekers run by the Italian branch of the <a href="/wiki/Jesuit_Refugee_Service" title="Jesuit Refugee Service">Jesuit Refugee Service</a><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Rome, Italy</li> <li>Matteo Ricci Hall-"R" Hall,<sup id="cite_ref-hompi.sogang.ac.kr_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hompi.sogang.ac.kr-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ricci Hall Annex-"RA" Hall,<sup id="cite_ref-hompi.sogang.ac.kr_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hompi.sogang.ac.kr-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> two buildings at <a href="/wiki/Sogang_University" title="Sogang University">Sogang University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>, South Korea</li></ul> <p>In 2010, to commemorate the 400th anniversary of Matteo Ricci's death, the Italy Pavilion at the Shanghai World Expo in China commissioned Italian sculptor <a href="/wiki/Dionisio_Cimarelli" title="Dionisio Cimarelli">Dionisio Cimarelli</a><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to create a monumental bust in his honor. This sculpture was later exhibited for about two years at the Italian Embassy in Beijing. Subsequently, the Marche Regional Government purchased the work, while the original model is now permanently exhibited at the main entrance of the Italian Consulate in Shanghai. </p><p>In the run-up to the 400th anniversary of Ricci's death, the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Vatican Museums</a> hosted a major exhibit dedicated to his life. Additionally, Italian film director Gjon Kolndrekaj produced a 60-minute documentary about Ricci, released in 2009, titled <i>Matteo Ricci: A Jesuit in the Dragon's Kingdom</i>, filmed in Italy and China.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Taipei, the <a href="/wiki/Taipei_Ricci_Institute" title="Taipei Ricci Institute">Taipei Ricci Institute</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Central_Library" title="National Central Library">National Central Library</a> of Taiwan opened jointly the Matteo Ricci Pacific Studies Reading Room<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Taipei-based online magazine <i><a href="/wiki/ERenlai" class="mw-redirect" title="ERenlai">eRenlai</a></i>, directed by Jesuit <a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Vermander" title="Benoît Vermander">Benoît Vermander</a>, dedicated its June 2010 issue to the commemoration of the 400th anniversary of Ricci's death.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Matteo_Ricci_Far_East_1602_Larger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Matteo_Ricci_Far_East_1602_Larger.jpg/220px-Matteo_Ricci_Far_East_1602_Larger.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Matteo_Ricci_Far_East_1602_Larger.jpg/330px-Matteo_Ricci_Far_East_1602_Larger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Matteo_Ricci_Far_East_1602_Larger.jpg/440px-Matteo_Ricci_Far_East_1602_Larger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1925" data-file-height="2463" /></a><figcaption>Map of East Asia by Matteo Ricci in 1602</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matteo_Ricci&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_True_Meaning_of_the_Lord_of_Heaven"><i>The True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matteo_Ricci&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>The True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven</i> (天主實義) is a book written by Ricci, which argues that <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> are not opposed and in fact are remarkably similar in key respects. It was written in the form of a dialogue, originally in Chinese. Ricci used the treatise in his missionary effort to convert Chinese literati, men who were educated in Confucianism and the Chinese classics. In the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Rites_controversy" title="Chinese Rites controversy">Chinese Rites controversy</a>, some Roman-Catholic missionaries raised the question of whether Ricci and other <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuits</a> had gone too far and changed Christian beliefs to win converts.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Peter Phan argues that <i>True Meaning</i> was used by a Jesuit missionary to Vietnam, <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_de_Rhodes" title="Alexandre de Rhodes">Alexandre de Rhodes</a>, in writing a catechism for Vietnamese Christians.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1631, <a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Maiorica" title="Girolamo Maiorica">Girolamo Maiorica</a> and Bernardino Reggio, both Jesuit missionaries to Vietnam, started a short-lived press in Thăng Long (present-day <a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a>) to print copies of <i>True Meaning</i> and other texts.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book was also influential on later Protestant missionaries to China, James Legge and Timothy Richard, and through them John Nevius, John Ross, and <a href="/wiki/William_Edward_Soothill" title="William Edward Soothill">William Edward Soothill</a>, all influential in establishing Protestantism in China and Korea. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_works">Other works</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matteo_Ricci&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:358px;max-width:358px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:177px;max-width:177px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kunyu_Wanguo_Quantu_by_Matteo_Ricci_Plate_1-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Kunyu_Wanguo_Quantu_by_Matteo_Ricci_Plate_1-3.jpg/175px-Kunyu_Wanguo_Quantu_by_Matteo_Ricci_Plate_1-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Kunyu_Wanguo_Quantu_by_Matteo_Ricci_Plate_1-3.jpg/263px-Kunyu_Wanguo_Quantu_by_Matteo_Ricci_Plate_1-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Kunyu_Wanguo_Quantu_by_Matteo_Ricci_Plate_1-3.jpg/350px-Kunyu_Wanguo_Quantu_by_Matteo_Ricci_Plate_1-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="22678" data-file-height="20538" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Left plates 1–3</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:177px;max-width:177px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kunyu_Wanguo_Quantu_by_Matteo_Ricci_Plate_4-6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Kunyu_Wanguo_Quantu_by_Matteo_Ricci_Plate_4-6.jpg/175px-Kunyu_Wanguo_Quantu_by_Matteo_Ricci_Plate_4-6.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Kunyu_Wanguo_Quantu_by_Matteo_Ricci_Plate_4-6.jpg/263px-Kunyu_Wanguo_Quantu_by_Matteo_Ricci_Plate_4-6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Kunyu_Wanguo_Quantu_by_Matteo_Ricci_Plate_4-6.jpg/350px-Kunyu_Wanguo_Quantu_by_Matteo_Ricci_Plate_4-6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="22499" data-file-height="20335" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Right plates 4–6</div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><i><a href="/wiki/Kunyu_Wanguo_Quantu" title="Kunyu Wanguo Quantu">Kunyu Wanguo Quantu</a></i> (坤輿萬國全圖), printed by Matteo Ricci upon request of the <a href="/wiki/Wanli_Emperor" title="Wanli Emperor">Wanli Emperor</a> in Beijing, 1602</div></div></div></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kunyu_Wanguo_Quantu_(%E5%9D%A4%E8%BC%BF%E8%90%AC%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%A8%E5%9C%96).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Kunyu_Wanguo_Quantu_%28%E5%9D%A4%E8%BC%BF%E8%90%AC%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%A8%E5%9C%96%29.jpg/355px-Kunyu_Wanguo_Quantu_%28%E5%9D%A4%E8%BC%BF%E8%90%AC%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%A8%E5%9C%96%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="355" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Kunyu_Wanguo_Quantu_%28%E5%9D%A4%E8%BC%BF%E8%90%AC%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%A8%E5%9C%96%29.jpg/533px-Kunyu_Wanguo_Quantu_%28%E5%9D%A4%E8%BC%BF%E8%90%AC%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%A8%E5%9C%96%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Kunyu_Wanguo_Quantu_%28%E5%9D%A4%E8%BC%BF%E8%90%AC%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%A8%E5%9C%96%29.jpg/710px-Kunyu_Wanguo_Quantu_%28%E5%9D%A4%E8%BC%BF%E8%90%AC%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%A8%E5%9C%96%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11726" data-file-height="5266" /></a><figcaption>Unattributed, very detailed, two-page colored edition (1604?), copy of the 1602 map with Japanese <a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">katakana</a> transliterations of the phonetic Chinese characters</figcaption></figure><p>Ricci translated various European scientific works into Chinese.<sup id="cite_ref-:132_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:132-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 79">: 79 </span></sup> Other works by Ricci include: </p><ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/De_Christiana_expeditione_apud_Sinas" title="De Christiana expeditione apud Sinas">De Christiana expeditione apud Sinas</a></i>: the journals of Ricci that were completed and translated into Latin by another Jesuit, <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Trigault" title="Nicolas Trigault">Nicolas Trigault</a>, soon after Ricci's death. Available in various editions: <ul><li>Trigault, Nicolas S. J. "China in the Sixteenth Century: The Journals of Mathew Ricci: 1583–1610". English translation by <a href="/wiki/Louis_J._Gallagher" title="Louis J. Gallagher">Louis J. Gallagher</a>, S.J. (New York: Random House, Inc. 1953)</li> <li><i>On Chinese Government</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an excerpt from Chapter One of Gallagher's translation</li> <li>De Christiana expeditione apud Sinas,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> full Latin text, available on <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></li> <li><i>A discourse of the Kingdome of China, taken out of Ricius and Trigautius, containing the countrey, people, government, religion, rites, sects, characters, studies, arts, acts; and a Map of China added, drawne out of one there made with Annotations for the understanding thereof</i> (an early English translation of excerpts from <i>De Christiana expeditione</i>) in <i><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Purchas" title="Samuel Purchas">Purchas his Pilgrimes</a></i> (1625). Can be found in the "Hakluytus posthumus".<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book also appears on <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>, but only in snippet view.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>An excerpt from <i>The Art of Printing </i> by Matteo Ricci<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ricci's <i>On Friendship</i> published in Chinese in 1595, translated to English in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ricci's <i>World Map of 1602</i>.</li> <li>Rare 1602 World Map, the First Map in Chinese to Show the Americas, on Display at Library of Congress, 12 Jan to 10 April 2010<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Chinese translation of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_mathematics" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek mathematics">ancient Greek mathematical</a> treatise <i><a href="/wiki/Euclid%27s_Elements" title="Euclid's Elements">Euclid's Elements</a></i> (幾何原本), published and printed in 1607 by Matteo Ricci and his Chinese colleague <a href="/wiki/Xu_Guangqi" title="Xu Guangqi">Xu Guangqi</a></li> <li>The <i>Ershiwu Yan</i> or <i>Book of Twenty-Five Paragraphs</i>. A moral treatise published in 1605, the text is a highly redacted and adapted version of the <i>Enchiridion</i> by Epictetus. Ricci took the core ideas from the <i>Enchiridion</i> and condensed them into twenty-five sections. The text is a blend of Stoic philosophy, Christian theology, and Confucian ethics that influenced Chinese converts to Catholicism.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matteo_Ricci&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Valignano" title="Alessandro Valignano">Alessandro Valignano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th-century_Protestant_missions_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="19th-century Protestant missions in China">19th-century Protestant missions in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_China" title="Christianity in China">Christianity in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_East_Asian_warfare" title="Horses in East Asian warfare">Horses in East Asian warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesuit_China_missions" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit China missions">Jesuit China missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_Roman_Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chinese Roman Catholics">List of Chinese Roman Catholics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jesuit_scientists" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Jesuit scientists">List of Jesuit scientists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Protestant_missionaries_in_China" title="List of Protestant missionaries in China">List of Protestant missionaries in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_Catholic_missionaries_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman Catholic missionaries in China">List of Roman Catholic missionaries in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_Catholic_scientist-clerics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman Catholic scientist-clerics">List of Roman Catholic scientist-clerics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo" title="Marco Polo">Marco Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_China" title="Religion in China">Religion in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Guangqi" title="Xu Guangqi">Xu Guangqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_de_Pantoja" title="Diego de Pantoja">Diego de Pantoja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunyu_Wanguo_Quantu" title="Kunyu Wanguo Quantu">Kunyu Wanguo Quantu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Dai" title="Zhang Dai">Zhang Dai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_West_(Taixi)" title="Far West (Taixi)">Far West (Taixi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Pillars_of_Chinese_Catholicism" title="Three Pillars of Chinese Catholicism">Three Pillars of Chinese Catholicism</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matteo_Ricci&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matteo_Ricci&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2022/12/17/0941/01984.html">"Promulgazione di Decreti del Dicastero delle Cause dei Santi"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Promulgazione+di+Decreti+del+Dicastero+delle+Cause+dei+Santi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpress.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fsalastampa%2Fit%2Fbollettino%2Fpubblico%2F2022%2F12%2F17%2F0941%2F01984.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatteo+Ricci" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brucker-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brucker_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brucker_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brucker_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrucker1912" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Brucker, Joseph (1912). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Matteo_Ricci" class="extiw" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Matteo Ricci">Matteo Ricci</a>". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. Vol. 13. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Matteo+Ricci&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=Brucker&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatteo+Ricci" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:132-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:132_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:132_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:132_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:132_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:132_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimpson2023" class="citation book cs1">Simpson, Tim (2023). <i>Betting on Macau: Casino Capitalism and China's Consumer Revolution</i>. Globalization and Community series. Minneapolis: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota_Press" title="University of Minnesota Press">University of Minnesota Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5179-0031-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5179-0031-1"><bdi>978-1-5179-0031-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Betting+on+Macau%3A+Casino+Capitalism+and+China%27s+Consumer+Revolution&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.series=Globalization+and+Community+series&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-1-5179-0031-1&rft.aulast=Simpson&rft.aufirst=Tim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatteo+Ricci" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gallagher (trans) (1953), pp. 131–132, 137</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">TANG Kaijian and ZHOU Xiaolei, "Four Issues in the Dissemination of Matteo Ricci's World Map during the Ming Dynasty", in STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, Vol. 34, No. 3 (2015), pp. 294–315. 汤开建周孝雷《明代利玛窦世界地图传播史四题》，《自然科学史研究》第34卷，第3期（2015年）：294–315</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baran-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Baran_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaran2009" class="citation news cs1">Baran, Madeleine (16 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://minnesota.publicradio.org/display/web/2009/12/16/tulip-map/">"Historic map coming to Minnesota"</a>. St. Paul, Minnesota.: Minnesota Public Radio<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Historic+map+coming+to+Minnesota&rft.date=2009-12-16&rft.aulast=Baran&rft.aufirst=Madeleine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminnesota.publicradio.org%2Fdisplay%2Fweb%2F2009%2F12%2F16%2Ftulip-map%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatteo+Ricci" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_News-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_News_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/8454049.stm">"Ancient map with China at centre goes on show in US"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 12 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ancient+map+with+China+at+centre+goes+on+show+in+US&rft.date=2010-01-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fasia-pacific%2F8454049.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatteo+Ricci" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-camus-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-camus_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-camus_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Yves Camus, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riccimac.org/doc/JesuitsJourneys.pdf">"Jesuits' Journeys in Chinese Studies"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924090942/http://www.riccimac.org/doc/JesuitsJourneys.pdf">Archived</a> 24 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ricciDict-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ricciDict_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Dicionário Português-Chinês: 葡汉辞典 (Pu-Han cidian): Portuguese-Chinese dictionary" by Michele Ruggieri, Matteo Ricci; edited by John W. Witek. Published 2001, Biblioteca Nacional. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/972-565-298-3" title="Special:BookSources/972-565-298-3">972-565-298-3</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A7h5YbM5M60C">Partial preview</a> available on <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oneminuteenglish.com/map-dyj.htm">"Ricci Memorial Centre"</a>. <i>Oneminuteenglish.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oneminuteenglish.com&rft.atitle=Ricci+Memorial+Centre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oneminuteenglish.com%2Fmap-dyj.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatteo+Ricci" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gallagher (253), pp. 205–227.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dehergne_219-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dehergne_219_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dehergne, 219.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chan Kei thong. <i>Faith of Our Father</i>, Shanghai: China Publishing Group Orient Publishing Centre.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Chinese) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/beijing/31024.htm">"The Tomb of Matteo Ricci" <i>Beijing A Guide to China's Capital City</i></a> Accessed 5 October 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wdl-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wdl_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLi,_Zhizao1623" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Li, Zhizao (1623). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/227/">"職方外紀六卷卷首一卷"</a> [Chronicle of Foreign Lands]. <i><a href="/wiki/World_Digital_Library" title="World Digital Library">World Digital Library</a></i> (in Chinese).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Digital+Library&rft.atitle=%E8%81%B7%E6%96%B9%E5%A4%96%E7%B4%80+%E5%85%AD%E5%8D%B7%E5%8D%B7%E9%A6%96%E4%B8%80%E5%8D%B7&rft.date=1623&rft.au=Li%2C+Zhizao&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wdl.org%2Fen%2Fitem%2F227%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatteo+Ricci" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gallagher (trans) (1953), pp. 433–435</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEngelfriet1998" class="citation cs2">Engelfriet, Peter M. (1998), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aKLr5duAiwMC"><i>Euclid in China: the genesis of the first Chinese translation of Euclid's Elements, books I-VI (Jihe yuanben, Beijing, 1607) and its reception up to 1723</i></a>, BRILL, p. 70, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-10944-7" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-10944-7"><bdi>90-04-10944-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Euclid+in+China%3A+the+genesis+of+the+first+Chinese+translation+of+Euclid%27s+Elements%2C+books+I-VI+%28Jihe+yuanben%2C+Beijing%2C+1607%29+and+its+reception+up+to+1723&rft.pages=70&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=90-04-10944-7&rft.aulast=Engelfriet&rft.aufirst=Peter+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaKLr5duAiwMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatteo+Ricci" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Niell, Stephen <i>A History of Christian Missions</i> 1984 p.165 ISBN 0140206280</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-white-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-white_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-white_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">White, William Charles. <i>The Chinese Jews</i>. New York: Paragon Book Reprint Corporation, 1966</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/beijing/31024.htm">"The Tomb of Matteo Ricci"</a>. <i>China.org.cn</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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University of Hawaii Press. pp. 46–48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8248-1219-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8248-1219-0"><bdi>0-8248-1219-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Curious+Land%3A+Jesuit+Accommodation+and+the+Origins+of+Sinology&rft.pages=46-48&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-8248-1219-0&rft.aulast=Mungello&rft.aufirst=David+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dwb4yPw4ZgZQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatteo+Ricci" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHinsch1990" class="citation book cs1">Hinsch, Bret (1990). <i>Passions of the Cut Sleeve: The Male Homosexual Tradition in China</i>. University of California Press. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-06720-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-06720-7"><bdi>0-520-06720-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Passions+of+the+Cut+Sleeve%3A+The+Male+Homosexual+Tradition+in+China&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-520-06720-7&rft.aulast=Hinsch&rft.aufirst=Bret&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatteo+Ricci" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruno2013" class="citation web cs1">Bruno, Debra (13 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/china/archive/2013/11/can-matteo-ricci-s-beatification-mend-china-s-rift-with-the-catholic-church/281405/">"Can Matteo Ricci's Beatification Mend China's Rift With the Catholic Church?"</a>. <i>The Atlantic</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Can+Matteo+Ricci%27s+Beatification+Mend+China%27s+Rift+With+the+Catholic+Church%3F&rft.date=2013-11-13&rft.aulast=Bruno&rft.aufirst=Debra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fchina%2Farchive%2F2013%2F11%2Fcan-matteo-ricci-s-beatification-mend-china-s-rift-with-the-catholic-church%2F281405%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatteo+Ricci" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zvi Ben-Dor Benite, <i>"Western Gods Meet in the East": Shapes and Contexts of the Muslim-Jesuit Dialogue in Early Modern China</i>, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, Vol. 55, No. 2/3, Cultural Dialogue in South Asia and Beyond: Narratives, Images and Community (sixteenth-nineteenth centuries) (2012), pp. 517–546.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bashir, Hassan <i>Europe and the Eastern Other</i> Lexington Books 2013 p.93 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780739138038" title="Special:BookSources/9780739138038">9780739138038</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Franzen-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Franzen_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Franzen_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Franzen_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFranzen1988" class="citation book cs1">Franzen, August (1988). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/kleinekirchenges00fran"><i>Kleine Kirchengeschichte</i></a></span>. Freiburg: Herder. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-451-08577-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-451-08577-1"><bdi>3-451-08577-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kleine+Kirchengeschichte&rft.place=Freiburg&rft.pub=Herder&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=3-451-08577-1&rft.aulast=Franzen&rft.aufirst=August&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkleinekirchenges00fran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatteo+Ricci" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-griffiths-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-griffiths_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffiths1965" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Bede_Griffiths" title="Bede Griffiths">Griffiths, Bede</a> (1965), "The meeting of East and West", in <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Derrick" title="Christopher Derrick">Derrick, Christopher</a> (ed.), <i>Light of Revelation and Non-Christians</i>, New York, NY: Alba House</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+meeting+of+East+and+West&rft.btitle=Light+of+Revelation+and+Non-Christians&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Alba+House&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Griffiths&rft.aufirst=Bede&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatteo+Ricci" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dunn-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dunn_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunn1965" class="citation cs2">Dunn, George H. (1965), "The contribution of China's culture towards the future of Christianity", in <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Derrick" title="Christopher Derrick">Derrick, Christopher</a> (ed.), <i>Light of Revelation and Non-Christians</i>, New York, NY: Alba House</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+contribution+of+China%27s+culture+towards+the+future+of+Christianity&rft.btitle=Light+of+Revelation+and+Non-Christians&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Alba+House&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=George+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatteo+Ricci" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhiqiu_Xu2016" class="citation book cs1">Zhiqiu Xu (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N6fOCwAAQBAJ"><i>Natural Theology Reconfigured: Confucian Axiology and American Pragmatism</i></a>. New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317089681" title="Special:BookSources/9781317089681"><bdi>9781317089681</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Natural+Theology+Reconfigured%3A+Confucian+Axiology+and+American+Pragmatism&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781317089681&rft.au=Zhiqiu+Xu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN6fOCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatteo+Ricci" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">National Assembly, Republic of Korea: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://korea.assembly.go.kr/history_html/history_07/jos_L_07.jsp">Korea History</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowman2000" class="citation book cs1">Bowman, John S. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.erenlai.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3553">the original</a> on 8 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Remembering+Ricci%3A+Opening+of+the+Matteo+Ricci+%E2%80%93+Pacific+Studies+Reading+Room+at+the+National+Central+Library&rft.pub=www.eRenlai.com&rft.date=2010-05-20&rft.au=Category%3A+Focus%3A+The+Legacy+of+Matteo+Ricci&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.erenlai.com%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D3553&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatteo+Ricci" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160118020312/http://www.erenlai.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=665&Itemid=321&lang=en">"June 2010"</a>. www.eRenlai.com. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=June+2010&rft.pub=www.eRenlai.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.erenlai.com%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Dcategory%26layout%3Dblog%26id%3D665%26Itemid%3D321%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatteo+Ricci" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuiper2006" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Kuiper, Kathleen (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Chinese-Rites-Controversy">"Chinese Rites Controversy (Roman Catholicism)"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chinese+Rites+Controversy+%28Roman+Catholicism%29&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Kuiper&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fevent%2FChinese-Rites-Controversy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatteo+Ricci" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhan2015" class="citation book cs1">Phan, Peter C. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WMlDCgAAQBAJ&q=%22True%20Meaning%20of%20the%20Lord%20of%20Heaven%22"><i>Mission and Catechesis: Alexandre de Rhodes & Inculturation in Seventeenth-Century Vietnam</i></a>. Orbis Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60833-474-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60833-474-2"><bdi>978-1-60833-474-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mission+and+Catechesis%3A+Alexandre+de+Rhodes+%26+Inculturation+in+Seventeenth-Century+Vietnam&rft.pub=Orbis+Books&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-60833-474-2&rft.aulast=Phan&rft.aufirst=Peter+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWMlDCgAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522True%2520Meaning%2520of%2520the%2520Lord%2520of%2520Heaven%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatteo+Ricci" class="Z3988"></span> Note: Phan offers a concise summary of the contents of <i>True Meaning</i> as well.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlberts2012" class="citation journal cs1">Alberts, Tara (2012). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu&rft.atitle=Chinese+Cultural+Studies%3A+Matteo+Ricci%3A+On+Chinese+Government%2C+Selection+from+his+Journals+%281583%E2%80%931610+CE%29&rft.aulast=Halsall&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Facc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu%2F~phalsall%2Ftexts%2Fric-jour.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatteo+Ricci" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRicciTrigault2017" class="citation web cs1">Ricci, Matteo; Trigault, Nicolas (17 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iLsWAAAAQAAJ">"De Christiana expeditione apud sinas suscepta ab Societate Jesu. Ex P. Matthaei Riccii eiusdem Societatis commentariis Libri V: Ad S.D.N. Paulum V. In Quibus Sinensis Regni mores, leges, atque instituta, & novae illius Ecclesiae difficillima primordia accurate & summa fide describuntur"</a>. Gualterus<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2017</span> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hakluytus+Posthumus%2C+Or%2C+Purchas+His+Pilgrimes%3A+Contayning+a+History+of+the+World+in+Sea+Voyages+and+Lande+Travells+by+Englishmen+and+Others&rft.pub=J.+MacLehose+and+Sons&rft.date=1906&rft.aulast=Purchas&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_wrBAXK9wOnUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatteo+Ricci" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040611095107/http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/core9/phalsall/texts/ric-prt.html">"Chinese Cultural Studies: Matteo Ricci on the Art of Printing"</a>. 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In Carla Risseeuw & Marlein van Raalte (Eds.): <i>Conceptualizing Friendship in Time and Place</i> pp. 169- 183. Leiden & Boston: Brill-Rodipi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2010/10-002.html">"Rare 1602 World Map, the First Map in Chinese to Show the Americas, on Display at Library of Congress, Jan. 12 to April 10"</a>. <i>loc.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=loc.gov&rft.atitle=Rare+1602+World+Map%2C+the+First+Map+in+Chinese+to+Show+the+Americas%2C+on+Display+at+Library+of+Congress%2C+Jan.+12+to+April+10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Ftoday%2Fpr%2F2010%2F10-002.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatteo+Ricci" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matteo_Ricci&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Dehergne, Joseph, S.J. (1973). <i>Répertoire des Jésuites de Chine de 1552 à 1800.</i> Rome: Institutum Historicum S.I. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/462805295">OCLC 462805295</a></li> <li>Hsia, R. Po-chia. (2007). "The Catholic Mission and translations in China, 1583–1700" in <i>Cultural Translation in Early Modern Europe</i> (Peter Burke and R. Po-chia Hsia, eds.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521862080" title="Special:BookSources/9780521862080">9780521862080</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521862086" title="Special:BookSources/0521862086">0521862086</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/76935903">OCLC 76935903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Spence" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonathan Spence">Spence, Jonathan D.</a> (1984). <i>The Memory Palace of Matteo Ricci.</i> New York: Viking. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780670468300" title="Special:BookSources/9780670468300">9780670468300</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/230623792">OCLC 230623792</a></li> <li>Vito Avarello, L'oeuvre italienne de Matteo Ricci: anatomie d'une rencontre chinoise, Paris, Classiques Garnier, 2014, 738 pages. (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-8124-3107-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-8124-3107-4">978-2-8124-3107-4</a>)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matteo_Ricci&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Cronin" title="Vincent Cronin">Cronin, Vincent</a>. (1955). <i>The Wise Man from the West: Matteo Ricci and his Mission to China.</i> (1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/664953">OCLC 664953</a> <i>N.B</i>.: A convenient paperback reissue of this study was published in 1984 by Fount Paperbacks, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-00-626749-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-00-626749-1">0-00-626749-1</a>.</li> <li>Gernet, Jacques. (1981). <a href="/wiki/China_and_the_Christian_Impact" title="China and the Christian Impact"><i>China and the Christian Impact: a conflict of cultures</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521313198" title="Special:BookSources/0521313198">0521313198</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521313193" title="Special:BookSources/9780521313193">9780521313193</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/21173711">OCLC 21173711</a></li> <li>George L. Harris, "The Mission of Matteo Ricci, S.J.: A Case Study of an Effort at Guided Culture Change in China in The Sixteenth Century", in Monumenta Serica, Vol. XXV, 1966 (168 pp.).</li> <li>Simon Leys, <i>Madness of the Wise: Ricci in China</i>, an article from his book, <i>The Burning Forest</i> (1983). This is an interesting account, and contains a critical review of The Memory Palace by Jonathan D. Spence.</li> <li>Mao Weizhun, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ojs.uclouvain.be/index.php/emulations/article/view/5673">« European influences on Chinese humanitarian practices. A longitudinal study »</a></i> in: <i>Emulations – Journal of young scholars in Social Sciences</i>, n°7 (June 2010).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/227/"><i>職方外紀六卷卷首一卷</i></a> [<i>Chronicle of Foreign Lands</i>]. 1623 – via <a href="/wiki/World_Digital_Library" title="World Digital Library">World Digital Library</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E8%81%B7%E6%96%B9%E5%A4%96%E7%B4%80+%E5%85%AD%E5%8D%B7%E5%8D%B7%E9%A6%96%E4%B8%80%E5%8D%B7&rft.date=1623&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wdl.org%2Fen%2Fitem%2F227%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatteo+Ricci" class="Z3988"></span> This book explains Matteo Ricci's world map of 1574.</li> <li>《利瑪竇世界地圖研究》(A Study of Matteo Ricci's World Map), book in Chinese by HUANG Shijian and GONG Yingyan (黃時鑒龔纓晏), 上海古籍出版社 (Shanghai Ancient Works Publishing House), 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9787532536962" title="Special:BookSources/9787532536962">9787532536962</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matteo_Ricci&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Matteo_Ricci" class="extiw" title="commons:Matteo Ricci"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Matteo Ricci</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222054121/http://www.georgetown.edu/inculturation.html">Inculturation: Matteo Ricci's Legacy in China</a> [Short videos from Georgetown's Ricci Legacy Symposium.]</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080318204413/http://matrix.scranton.edu/about/ab_matteo_ricci.shtml"><i>University of Scranton</i>: Matteo Ricci, S.J.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150419130654/http://v2catholic.com/riccicenter/">The Zhaoqing Ricci Center</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/beijing/31024.htm"><i>Article about the tomb of Matteo Ricci in Beijing</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usfca.edu/ricci/">Ricci Institute for Chinese-Western Cultural History</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100227103857/http://www.usfca.edu/ricci/">Archived</a> 27 February 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rotarymaceratamricci.it">Rotary Club Macerata Matteo Ricci (in Italian)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100630063703/http://www.romereports.com/palio/Matteo-Ricci-moves-closer-toward-beatification-english-2327.html">Matteo Ricci moves closer toward beatification</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Notable_foreigners_who_visited_China" title="Template:Notable foreigners who visited China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Notable_foreigners_who_visited_China" title="Template talk:Notable foreigners who visited China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Notable_foreigners_who_visited_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Notable foreigners who visited China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Notable_foreigners_who_visited_pre-Qing_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Notable foreigners who visited pre-Qing China</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Pre-Yuan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kum%C4%81raj%C4%ABva" title="Kumārajīva">Kumārajīva</a> (344–413)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aubhakarasi%E1%B9%83ha" title="Śubhakarasiṃha">Śubhakarasiṃha</a> (637-735)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrabodhi" title="Vajrabodhi">Vajrabodhi</a> (671–741)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peroz_III" title="Peroz III">Peroz III</a> (7th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narsieh" title="Narsieh">Narsieh</a> (7th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ono_no_Imoko" title="Ono no Imoko">Ono no Imoko</a> (7th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takamuko_no_Kuromaro" title="Takamuko no Kuromaro">Takamuko no Kuromaro</a> (7th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27d_ibn_Abi_Waqqas" title="Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas">Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas</a> (7th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhisena" title="Bodhisena">Bodhisena</a> (704–760)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoghavajra" title="Amoghavajra">Amoghavajra</a> (705–774)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugawara_no_Kiyotomo" title="Sugawara no Kiyotomo">Sugawara no Kiyotomo</a> (770-842)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abe_no_Nakamaro" title="Abe no Nakamaro">Abe no Nakamaro</a> (8th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awata_no_Mahito" title="Awata no Mahito">Awata no Mahito</a> (8th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibi_no_Makibi" title="Kibi no Makibi">Kibi no Makibi</a> (8th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamanoue_no_Okura" title="Yamanoue no Okura">Yamanoue no Okura</a> (8th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyecho" title="Hyecho">Hyecho</a> (8th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_massacre" title="Guangzhou massacre">Abu Zayd Al-Sirafi</a> (9th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%27oe_Ch%27i-w%C5%8Fn" title="Ch'oe Ch'i-wŏn">Ch'oe Ch'i-wŏn</a> (9th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egaku" title="Egaku">Egaku</a> (9th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulaiman_al-Tajir" title="Sulaiman al-Tajir">Sulaiman al-Tajir</a> (9th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vairocanavajra" title="Vairocanavajra">Vairocanavajra</a> (12th c.)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajall_Shams_al-Din_Omar" title="Ajall Shams al-Din Omar">Ajall Shams al-Din Omar</a> (1211–1279)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_and_Maffeo_Polo" title="Niccolò and Maffeo Polo">Niccolò and Maffeo Polo</a> (1230–1309)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Fanakati" title="Ahmad Fanakati">Ahmad Fanakati</a> (1242—1282)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Montecorvino" title="John of Montecorvino">John of Montecorvino</a> (1247–1328)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo" title="Marco Polo">Marco Polo</a> (1254–1324)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odoric_of_Pordenone" title="Odoric of Pordenone">Odoric of Pordenone</a> (1286–1331)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhy%C4%81nabhadra" title="Dhyānabhadra">Dhyānabhadra</a> (1289-1363)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_de%27_Marignolli" title="Giovanni de' Marignolli">Giovanni de' Marignolli</a> (1290–1353)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27id_of_Mogadishu" title="Sa'id of Mogadishu">Sa'id of Mogadishu</a> (1301– ? )</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta">Ibn Battuta</a> (1304–1369)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kench%C5%AB_Keimitsu" title="Kenchū Keimitsu">Kenchū Keimitsu</a> (15th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghiy%C4%81th_al-d%C4%ABn_Naqq%C4%81sh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghiyāth al-dīn Naqqāsh">Ghiyāth al-dīn Naqqāsh</a> (fl. 1419-22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galeote_Pereira" title="Galeote Pereira">Galeote Pereira</a> (1549-1553)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_%C3%81lvares" title="Jorge Álvares">Jorge Álvares</a> (16th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fern%C3%A3o_Pires_de_Andrade" title="Fernão Pires de Andrade">Fernão Pires de Andrade</a> (16th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A9_Pires" title="Tomé Pires">Tomé Pires</a> (1465–1540)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonel_de_Sousa" title="Leonel de Sousa">Leonel de Sousa</a> (16th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Ali_Akbar_Khata%27i" title="'Ali Akbar Khata'i">'Ali Akbar Khata'i</a> (fl. ca. 1500–1516)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Matteo Ricci</a> (1552–1610)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Adam_Schall_von_Bell" title="Johann Adam Schall von Bell">Johann Adam Schall von Bell</a> (1591–1666)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Petlin" title="Ivan Petlin">Ivan Petlin</a> (17th c.)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Christianity_in_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christianity_in_China" title="Template:Christianity in China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christianity_in_China" title="Template talk:Christianity in China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity_in_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity in China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Christianity_in_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_China" title="Christianity in China">Christianity in China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foundations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Chinese_history" title="Timeline of Chinese history">Timeline of Chinese history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_China" title="Catholic Church in China">Catholic Church in China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Sichuan" title="Catholic Church in Sichuan">Catholic Church in Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Shaanxi" title="Catholic Church in Shaanxi">Catholic Church in Shaanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Tibet" title="Catholic Church in Tibet">Catholic Church in Tibet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_China" title="Protestantism in China">Protestantism in China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Sichuan" title="Protestantism in Sichuan">Protestantism in Sichuan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Orthodox_Church" title="Chinese Orthodox Church">Chinese Orthodox Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_names_for_the_God_of_Abrahamic_religions" title="Chinese names for the God of Abrahamic religions">Terms for God</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tianzhu_(Chinese_name_of_God)" title="Tianzhu (Chinese name of God)">Tianzhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_(Chinese_religion)" title="Shen (Chinese religion)">Shen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangdi" title="Shangdi">Shangdi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible_translations_into_Chinese" title="Bible translations into Chinese">Bible translations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delegates%27_Version" title="Delegates' Version">Delegates' Version</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Union_Version" title="Chinese Union Version">Chinese Union Version</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studium_Biblicum_Version" title="Studium Biblicum Version">Studium Biblicum Version</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Version" title="Chinese New Version">Chinese New Version</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Today%27s_Chinese_Version" title="Today's Chinese Version">Today's Chinese Version</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_hymn_books" title="List of Chinese hymn books">Hymns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hymns_of_Universal_Praise" title="Hymns of Universal Praise">Hymns of Universal Praise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Hymnal" title="Chinese New Hymnal">Chinese New Hymnal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canaan_Hymns" title="Canaan Hymns">Canaan Hymns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">Mission history</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East_in_China" title="Church of the East in China">Church of the East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_Stele" title="Xi'an Stele">Xi'an Stele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingjiao_Documents" title="Jingjiao Documents">Jingjiao Documents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogao_Christian_painting" title="Mogao Christian painting">Mogao Christian painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murals_from_the_Christian_temple_at_Qocho" title="Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho">Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alopen" title="Alopen">Alopen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_(monk)" title="Adam (monk)">Adam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Catholic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_missions_to_Mongol_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic missions to Mongol China">Franciscan missions (Yuan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesuit_China_missions" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit China missions">Jesuit missions (Ming)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Foreign_Missions_Society" title="Paris Foreign Missions Society">Foreign Missions Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Montecorvino" title="John of Montecorvino">John of Montecorvino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odoric_of_Pordenone" title="Odoric of Pordenone">Odoric of Pordenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_de%27_Marignolli" title="Giovanni de' Marignolli">Giovanni de' Marignolli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Francis Xavier</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Matteo Ricci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Bouvet" title="Joachim Bouvet">Joachim Bouvet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelo_Zottoli" title="Angelo Zottoli">Angelo Zottoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric-Vincent_Lebbe" title="Frédéric-Vincent Lebbe">Frédéric-Vincent Lebbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Rites_controversy" title="Chinese Rites controversy">Chinese Rites controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyr_Saints_of_China" title="Martyr Saints of China">Martyr Saints of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Paul%27s_College,_Macau" title="St. Paul's College, Macau">St. Paul's College, Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protestant_missions_in_China" title="Protestant missions in China">Protestant</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Protestant_missionary_societies_in_China_(1807%E2%80%931953)" title="List of Protestant missionary societies in China (1807–1953)">Agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_missions_in_China" title="Medical missions in China">Medical missions in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Morrison_(missionary)" title="Robert Morrison (missionary)">Robert Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_G%C3%BCtzlaff" title="Karl Gützlaff">Karl Gützlaff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divie_Bethune_McCartee" title="Divie Bethune McCartee">Divie Bethune McCartee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Taylor" title="Hudson Taylor">Hudson Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lottie_Moon" title="Lottie Moon">Lottie Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Richard" title="Timothy Richard">Timothy Richard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Goforth" title="Jonathan Goforth">Jonathan Goforth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Seven" title="Cambridge Seven">Cambridge Seven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Liddell" title="Eric Liddell">Eric Liddell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladys_Aylward" title="Gladys Aylward">Gladys Aylward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Protestant_missionaries_in_China" title="List of Protestant missionaries in China"><i>(more...)</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By province<br />and region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_China" title="East China">East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Anhui" title="Christianity in Anhui">Christianity in Anhui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Fujian" title="Christianity in Fujian">Christianity in Fujian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Jiangsu" title="Christianity in Jiangsu">Christianity in Jiangsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Jiangxi" title="Christianity in Jiangxi">Christianity in Jiangxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Shandong" title="Christianity in Shandong">Christianity in Shandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Shanghai" title="Christianity in Shanghai">Christianity in Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Zhejiang" title="Christianity in Zhejiang">Christianity in Zhejiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_China" title="Western China">West</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Sichuan" title="Christianity in Sichuan">Christianity in Chongqing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity_in_Gansu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christianity in Gansu (page does not exist)">Christianity in Gansu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Guizhou" title="Christianity in Guizhou">Christianity in Guizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity_in_Ningxia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christianity in Ningxia (page does not exist)">Christianity in Ningxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Qinghai" title="Christianity in Qinghai">Christianity in Qinghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Shaanxi" title="Catholic Church in Shaanxi">Christianity in Shaanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Sichuan" title="Christianity in Sichuan">Christianity in Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tibet#Christianity" title="Religion in Tibet">Christianity in Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Xinjiang" title="Christianity in Xinjiang">Christianity in Xinjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Yunnan" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Yunnan">Christianity in Yunnan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_China" title="Central China">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Henan" title="Christianity in Henan">Christianity in Henan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity_in_Hubei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christianity in Hubei (page does not exist)">Christianity in Hubei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Hunan" title="Christianity in Hunan">Christianity in Hunan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_China" title="North China">North</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity_in_Beijing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christianity in Beijing (page does not exist)">Christianity in Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Hebei" title="Christianity in Hebei">Christianity in Hebei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Heilongjiang" title="Christianity in Heilongjiang">Christianity in Heilongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Inner_Mongolia" title="Christianity in Inner Mongolia">Christianity in Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Jilin" title="Christianity in Jilin">Christianity in Jilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Liaoning" title="Christianity in Liaoning">Christianity in Liaoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Shanxi" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Shanxi">Christianity in Shanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity_in_Tianjin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christianity in Tianjin (page does not exist)">Christianity in Tianjin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_China" title="South China">South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Guangdong" title="Christianity in Guangdong">Christianity in Guangdong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity_in_Guangxi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christianity in Guangxi (page does not exist)">Christianity in Guangxi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity_in_Hainan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christianity in Hainan (page does not exist)">Christianity in Hainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Hong_Kong" title="Christianity in Hong Kong">Christianity in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Macau#Christianity" title="Religion in Macau">Christianity in Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chinese Christians <br /><small>(by period of <br />prominence)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candida_Xu" title="Candida Xu">Candida Xu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Guangqi" title="Xu Guangqi">Xu Guangqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Tingyun" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang Tingyun">Yang Tingyun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Xiuquan" title="Hong Xiuquan">Hong Xiuchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liang_Fa" title="Liang Fa">Liang Fa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Shengmo" title="Xi Shengmo">Xi Shengmo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T._C._Chao" title="T. C. Chao">T. C. Chao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheng_Jingyi" title="Cheng Jingyi">Cheng Jingyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Yuzhi" title="Deng Yuzhi"> Deng Yuzhi (Cora Deng)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feng_Yuxiang" title="Feng Yuxiang">Feng Yuxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Hsu" title="Francis Hsu">Francis Hsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jia_Yuming" title="Jia Yuming">Jia Yuming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Zhengxiang" title="Lu Zhengxiang">Lu Zhengxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Xiangbo" title="Ma Xiangbo">Ma Xiangbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watchman_Nee" title="Watchman Nee">Watchman Nee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Stone_(doctor)" title="Mary Stone (doctor)">Mary Stone (Shi Meiyu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sung" title="John Sung">John Sung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun Yatsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeng_Baosun" title="Zeng Baosun">Tseng Pao-sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Ming-Dao" title="Wang Ming-Dao">Wang Ming-Dao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_C._M._Wei" title="Francis C. M. Wei">Francis C. M. Wei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Wei" title="Paul Wei">Paul Wei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ching_Hsiung_Wu" title="John Ching Hsiung Wu">John Ching Hsiung Wu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Leichuan" title="Wu Leichuan">Wu Leichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Yi-fang" title="Wu Yi-fang">Wu Yi-fang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y._C._James_Yen" title="Y. C. James Yen">Y. C. James Yen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ying_Lianzhi" title="Ying Lianzhi">Ying Lianzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dora_Yu" title="Dora Yu">Dora Yu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Yu_Pin" title="Paul Yu Pin">Paul Yu Pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Z._T._Yui" title="David Z. T. Yui">David Z. T. Yui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's<br />Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gu" title="Joseph Gu">Joseph Gu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Guanghu" title="He Guanghu">He Guanghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloysius_Jin_Luxian" title="Aloysius Jin Luxian">Aloysius Jin Luxian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_Kung_Pin-Mei" title="Ignatius Kung Pin-Mei">Ignatius Kung Pin-Mei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Lamb" title="Samuel Lamb">Samuel Lamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin_Shengben" title="Lin Shengben">Lin Shengben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Xiaofeng_(academic)" title="Liu Xiaofeng (academic)">Liu Xiaofeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Xiaomin" title="Lu Xiaomin">Lü Xiaomin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Lu" title="Matthias Lu">Matthias Lu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._H._Ting" title="K. H. Ting">K. H. Ting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Weifan" title="Wang Weifan">Wang Weifan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yi_(pastor)" title="Wang Yi (pastor)">Wang Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y._T._Wu" title="Y. T. Wu">Y. T. Wu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Yuan" title="Allen Yuan">Allen Yuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Fusan" title="Zhao Fusan">Zhao Fusan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_China" title="Freedom of religion in China">Church-state relations<br />in People's Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Patriotic_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Patriotic Association">Catholic Patriotic Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_church" title="Underground church">Underground church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Manifesto" title="The Christian Manifesto">The Christian Manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianghui_(Protestantism)" title="Lianghui (Protestantism)">Protestant Lianghui</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three-Self_Patriotic_Movement" title="Three-Self Patriotic Movement">Three-Self Patriotic Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Christian_Council" title="China Christian Council">China Christian Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Protestant_theological_seminaries_in_China" title="List of Protestant theological seminaries in China">Seminaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_church_(China)" title="House church (China)">House church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_rites_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese rites controversy">Rites controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Century_of_humiliation" title="Century of humiliation">Century of humiliation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opium_Wars" title="Opium Wars">Opium Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiping_Rebellion" title="Taiping Rebellion">Taiping Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhou_riot" title="Yangzhou riot">Yangzhou riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin_Massacre" title="Tianjin Massacre">Tianjin Massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Revolution" title="1911 Revolution">Xinhai Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_Movement_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Christian Movement (China)">Anti-Christian Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanking_incident_of_1927" title="Nanking incident of 1927">Nanjing incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boluan_Fanzheng" title="Boluan Fanzheng">Boluan Fanzheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Impact</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_science_and_technology_in_China#Jesuit_activity_in_China" title="History of science and technology in China">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-selective_abortion#China" title="Sex-selective abortion">Anti-sex-selective abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot_binding#History" title="Foot binding">Anti-footbinding campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opium#Prohibition_and_conflict_in_China" title="Opium">Anti-opium campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Chinese#Missionary_systems" title="Romanization of Chinese">Chinese Roman Type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese#Romanization" title="Cantonese">Cantonese Roman Type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_colleges_in_China" title="List of Christian colleges in China">Chinese Christian Colleges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchurian_revival" title="Manchurian revival">Manchurian revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Christian_theology" title="Sino-Christian theology">Sino-Christian theology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interdenominational<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Christian_Council" title="China Christian Council">China Christian Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Christian_Council_of_China" title="National Christian Council of China">National Christian Council of China</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233340#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233340#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233340#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118600222">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81005150">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11921821p">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11921821p">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00454094">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Ricci, Matteo <1552-1610>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RAVV108829">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35789859">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kup20030000082515&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1143200">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/182003">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p07015158X">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90101722">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000744733&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000093903">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199622907">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/hftx13712qx7k6b">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810654758605606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/78749">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007270915605171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058529310706706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14426202">Belgium</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14801189">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00421789?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:ricci.matteo">zbMATH</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/MRAuthorID/230632">MathSciNet</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1088863">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="RICCI, Matteo"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/matteo-ricci_(Dizionario-Biografico)">Italian People</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118600222.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118600222">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02709829X">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w64v07z4">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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