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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Politisk_verksamhet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politisk_verksamhet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Politisk verksamhet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politisk_verksamhet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Schack" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schack"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Schack</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schack-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Begravningen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Begravningen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Begravningen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Begravningen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Släktingar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Släktingar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Släktingar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Släktingar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Övrigt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Övrigt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Övrigt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Övrigt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Benjamin Franklin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 134 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-134" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">134 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – schweizertyska" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="schweizertyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A4%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%83%E1%88%9A%E1%8A%95_%E1%8D%8D%E1%88%AB%E1%8A%95%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%8A%E1%8A%95" title="ቤንጃሚን ፍራንክሊን – amhariska" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቤንጃሚን ፍራንክሊን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%9F%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Франклин, Бенџьамин – abchaziska" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Франклин, Бенџьамин" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abchaziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86" title="بنجامين فرانكلين – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بنجامين فرانكلين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – aragonesiska" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Պենճամին Ֆրանքլին – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Պենճամին Ֆրանքլին" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – frankoprovensalska" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="frankoprovensalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="বেঞ্জামিন ফ্ৰেংকলিন – assamesiska" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বেঞ্জামিন ফ্ৰেংকলিন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bencamin_Franklin" title="Bencamin Franklin – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bencamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86" title="بنجامین فرانکلین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بنجامین فرانکلین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="বেঞ্জামিন ফ্রাঙ্কলিন – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বেঞ্জামিন ফ্রাঙ্কলিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Бенджамин Франклин – basjkiriska" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бенджамин Франклин" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkiriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Бенджамін Франклін – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бенджамін Франклін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Бэнджамін Франклін – belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бэнджамін Франклін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Бенджамин Франклин – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бенджамин Франклин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – bosniska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – bretonska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Франклин Бенджамин – tjuvasjiska" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Франклин Бенджамин" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tjuvasjiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – walesiska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – Pennsylvaniatyska" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvaniatyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bra artikel"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%BD_%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Βενιαμίν Φραγκλίνος – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βενιαμίν Φραγκλίνος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bra artikel"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86" title="بنجامین فرانکلین – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بنجامین فرانکلین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – västfrisiska" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="västfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – iriska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A4%EC%A0%80%EB%AF%BC_%ED%94%84%EB%9E%AD%ED%81%B4%EB%A6%B0" title="벤저민 프랭클린 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="벤저민 프랭클린" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Բենջամին Ֆրանկլին – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բենջամին Ֆրանկլին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="बेंजामिन फ्रैंकलिन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बेंजामिन फ्रैंकलिन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – isländska" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="isländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%92%27%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9F" title="בנג'מין פרנקלין – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בנג'מין פרנקלין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – javanesiska" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಬೆಂಜಮಿನ್ ಫ್ರ್ಯಾಂಕ್ಲಿನ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬೆಂಜಮಿನ್ ಫ್ರ್ಯಾಂಕ್ಲಿನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bra artikel"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ბენჯამინ ფრანკლინი – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბენჯამინ ფრანკლინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – kasjubiska" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kasjubiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Бенджамин Франклин – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бенджамин Франклин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – haitiska" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – kurdiska" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Бенжамин Франклин – kirgiziska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Бенжамин Франклин" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beniaminus_Franklinius" title="Beniaminus Franklinius – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Beniaminus Franklinius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bend%C5%BEamins_Franklins" title="Bendžamins Franklins – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bendžamins Franklins" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – luxemburgiska" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – limburgiska" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – lombardiska" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Бенџамин Френклин – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бенџамин Френклин" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – malagassiska" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="ബെഞ്ചമിൻ ഫ്രാങ്ക്ലിൻ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബെഞ്ചമിൻ ഫ്രാങ്ക്ലിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="बेंजामिन फ्रँकलिन – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बेंजामिन फ्रँकलिन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ბენჯამინ ფრანკლინი – mingrelianska" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბენჯამინ ფრანკლინი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86" title="بينچامين فرانكلين – egyptisk arabiska" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بينچامين فرانكلين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86" title="بنجامین فرانکلین – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بنجامین فرانکلین" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Бенжамин Франклин – mongoliska" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бенжамин Франклин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="बेन्जामिन फ्र्याङ्कलिन – nepalesiska" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बेन्जामिन फ्र्याङ्कलिन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%9F%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3" title="ベンジャミン・フランクリン – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ベンジャミン・フランクリン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8" title="ਬੈਂਜਾਮਿਨ ਫ਼ਰੈਂਕਲਿਨ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬੈਂਜਾਮਿਨ ਫ਼ਰੈਂਕਲਿਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%86" title="بنجمن فرینکلن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بنجمن فرینکلن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86" title="بنجامين فرانکلين – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بنجامين فرانکلين" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – piemontesiska" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – karakalpakiska" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Франклин, Бенджамин – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Франклин, Бенджамин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9E%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D" title="बेञ्जामिन् फ्रॅङ्कलिन् – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="बेञ्जामिन् फ्रॅङ्कलिन्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – skotska" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%86%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%91%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="බෙන්ජමින් ෆ්‍රෑන්ක්ලින් – singalesiska" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බෙන්ජමින් ෆ්‍රෑන්ක්ලින්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86" title="بێنجامین فرانکلین – centralkurdiska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بێنجامین فرانکلین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralkurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Бенџамин Френклин – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бенџамин Френклин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="பெஞ்சமின் பிராங்கிளின் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பெஞ்சமின் பிராங்கிளின்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bnyamin_Frankliyn" title="Bnyamin Frankliyn – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Bnyamin Frankliyn" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Бенджамин Франклин – tatariska" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Бенджамин Франклин" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="బెంజమిన్ ఫ్రాంక్లిన్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బెంజమిన్ ఫ్రాంక్లిన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="เบนจามิน แฟรงคลิน – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เบนจามิน แฟรงคลิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D2%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Бенҷамин Франклин – tadzjikiska" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бенҷамин Франклин" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadzjikiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – turkmeniska" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Бенджамін Франклін – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бенджамін Франклін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%86" title="بنجمن فرینکلن – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بنجمن فرینکلن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – venetianska" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklini_Benjamin" title="Franklini Benjamin – võru" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Franklini Benjamin" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E6%9D%B0%E6%98%8E%C2%B7%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97" title="本杰明·法兰克林 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="本杰明·法兰克林" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%96%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9F" title="בענדזשאמין פרענקלין – jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בענדזשאמין פרענקלין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97" title="富蘭克林 – kantonesiska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="富蘭克林" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Benjamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%82%91%E6%98%8E%C2%B7%E5%AF%8C%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97" title="本傑明·富蘭克林 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="本傑明·富蘭克林" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben%C4%8Damin_Franklin" title="Benčamin Franklin – talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Benčamin Franklin" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q34969#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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table.ambox th.ambox-text,.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-text{padding:.25em .5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-image{padding:2px 0 2px .5em;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-imageright{padding:2px 4px 2px 0;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #608ec2}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete,.mw-parser-output table.ambox-serious{border-left:10px solid #b22222}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-merge{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox{border-top-width:0}.mw-parser-output .messagebox{border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#f8f9fa;width:80%;margin:0 auto 1em auto;padding:.2em}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.merge{border:1px solid #c0b8cc;background-color:#f0e5ff;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.cleanup{border:1px solid #9f9fff;background-color:#efefff;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.standard-talk{border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:#f8eaba}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.nested-talk{border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:#f8eaba;width:100%;margin:2px 4px}</style><table class="metadata ambox ambox-content" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td class="ambox-image"> <div style="width:52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/40px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/60px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/80px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div></td> <td class="ambox-text">Den här artikeln <b>behöver fler eller bättre <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:K%C3%A4llh%C3%A4nvisningar" title="Wikipedia:Källhänvisningar">källhänvisningar</a> för att kunna <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifierbarhet" title="Wikipedia:Verifierbarhet">verifieras</a>.</b> <small>(2014-11)</small> <br /><small>Åtgärda genom att lägga till pålitliga källor (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduktion_till_k%C3%A4llh%C3%A4nvisningar" title="Wikipedia:Introduktion till källhänvisningar">gärna som fotnoter</a>). Uppgifter utan källhänvisning kan <a href="/wiki/Mall:K%C3%A4lla_beh%C3%B6vs" title="Mall:Källa behövs">ifrågasättas</a> och tas bort utan att det behöver diskuteras på <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskussion:Benjamin_Franklin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diskussion:Benjamin Franklin [inte skriven än]">diskussionssidan</a>.</small></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r53696904">.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black;margin:.5em 0 .5em 1em;padding:.2em;float:right;clear:right;width:22em;text-align:left;font-size:88%;line-height:1.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox td,.mw-parser-output .infobox th{vertical-align:top;padding:0 .2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton button,.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton .mw-collapsible-text{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow th{border:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow th{border:0;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography{border:1px solid #ccd2d9;text-align:left;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow th{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th{border-top:0;border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard" style="border-spacing:3px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="padding:2px; text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold;"><span class="fn">Benjamin Franklin</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Joseph_Siffrein_Duplessis_-_Benjamin_Franklin_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Joseph_Siffrein_Duplessis_-_Benjamin_Franklin_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/250px-Joseph_Siffrein_Duplessis_-_Benjamin_Franklin_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Joseph_Siffrein_Duplessis_-_Benjamin_Franklin_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/375px-Joseph_Siffrein_Duplessis_-_Benjamin_Franklin_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Joseph_Siffrein_Duplessis_-_Benjamin_Franklin_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/500px-Joseph_Siffrein_Duplessis_-_Benjamin_Franklin_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6396" data-file-height="7801" /></a></span> <div style=""></div></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Född</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/17_januari" title="17 januari">17 januari</a> (enl. <a href="/wiki/Nya_stilen" class="mw-redirect" title="Nya stilen">n.s</a>; 6 januari enl. <a href="/wiki/Gamla_stilen" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamla stilen">g.s</a>) <a href="/wiki/1706" title="1706">1706</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay-provinsen" title="Massachusetts Bay-provinsen">Massachusetts Bay-provinsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brittiska_Amerika" title="Brittiska Amerika">Brittiska Amerika</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Död</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/17_april" title="17 april">17 april</a> <a href="/wiki/1790" title="1790">1790</a> (84 år)<br /><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Begravd</th><td class="etikett" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christ_Church,_Philadelphia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christ Church, Philadelphia [inte skriven än]">Christ Church, Philadelphia</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Andra namn</th><td class="smeknamn" style="">Silence Dogood</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Medborgare i</th><td class="kategori" style=""><a href="/wiki/Brittiska_Amerika" title="Brittiska Amerika">Brittiska Amerika</a> och <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Utbildad vid</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Hemundervisning" title="Hemundervisning">hemundervisning</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Boston_Latin_School" title="Boston Latin School">Boston Latin School</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34969?uselang=sv#P69"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Sysselsättning</th><td class="roll" style=""><a href="/wiki/Politiker" title="Politiker">Politiker</a><sup id="cite_ref-abc3800daca3ac8a1f839d48edbfd4a6eff97105_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abc3800daca3ac8a1f839d48edbfd4a6eff97105-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-b695df62a1179cb127ee7e1cbec2c0bf67683be5_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b695df62a1179cb127ee7e1cbec2c0bf67683be5-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Diplomat" title="Diplomat">diplomat</a><sup id="cite_ref-b695df62a1179cb127ee7e1cbec2c0bf67683be5_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b695df62a1179cb127ee7e1cbec2c0bf67683be5-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rfattare_(yrke)" class="mw-redirect" title="Författare (yrke)">författare</a><sup id="cite_ref-17719537c93d3b75709dc5a408afd9a5d3cd7899_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17719537c93d3b75709dc5a408afd9a5d3cd7899-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5f6311d062399682614a518069b07ed009978549_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5f6311d062399682614a518069b07ed009978549-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Befattning</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;padding-left:1em;">Ledamot av Pennsylvanias representanthus<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talman_i_Pennsylvanias_representanthus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talman i Pennsylvanias representanthus [inte skriven än]">Talman i Pennsylvanias representanthus</a><small> (1764–1764)</small><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA:s_generalpostm%C3%A4stare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA:s generalpostmästare [inte skriven än]">USA:s generalpostmästare</a><small> (1775–1776)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/USA:s_ambassad%C3%B6r_i_Frankrike" title="USA:s ambassadör i Frankrike">USA:s ambassadör i Frankrike</a><small> (1778–1785)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/USA:s_ambassad%C3%B6r_i_Sverige" class="mw-redirect" title="USA:s ambassadör i Sverige">USA:s ambassadör i Sverige</a><small> (1782–1783)</small><br />President av högsta verkställande rådet i Pennsylvania<small> (1785–1788)</small><br />Delegat vid USA:s konstitutionskonvent<small>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></small><small> (1787–1787)</small><sup id="cite_ref-b2bd0d056eb27e8d0dc7c52b840c779cd0946ae5_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b2bd0d056eb27e8d0dc7c52b840c779cd0946ae5-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Arbetsgivare</th><td class="org" style=""><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Politiskt parti</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="org" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;padding-left:1em;">Inget</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Maka</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deborah_Read_Franklin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deborah Read Franklin [inte skriven än]">Deborah Read Franklin</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Barn</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Franklin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Franklin [inte skriven än]">William Franklin</a> <small>(f. 1730)</small><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Folger_Franklin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Folger Franklin [inte skriven än]">Francis Folger Franklin</a> <small>(f. 1732)</small><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarah_Franklin_Bache&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarah Franklin Bache [inte skriven än]">Sarah Franklin Bache</a> <small>(f. 1743 och 1744)</small></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Föräldrar</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Josiah_Franklin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josiah Franklin [inte skriven än]">Josiah Franklin</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abiah_Folger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abiah Folger [inte skriven än]">Abiah Folger</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Släktingar</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Ann_Smith_Franklin" title="Ann Smith Franklin">Ann Smith Franklin</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-top: 1px solid #aaa; text-align:left">Utmärkelser</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"><a href="/wiki/Copleymedaljen" title="Copleymedaljen">Copleymedaljen</a><small> (1753)</small><sup id="cite_ref-51141e1514645682d6bef19e42d5903d35bb761e_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51141e1514645682d6bef19e42d5903d35bb761e-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences">Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a><sup id="cite_ref-cd7a5639221e1ce7a51bb1c8567ba80198b4af4b_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cd7a5639221e1ce7a51bb1c8567ba80198b4af4b-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hedersdoktor_vid_Saint_Andrews-universitetet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hedersdoktor vid Saint Andrews-universitetet [inte skriven än]">Hedersdoktor vid Saint Andrews-universitetet</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-top: 1px solid #aaa; text-align:left">Namnteckning</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Benjamin_Franklin_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Benjamin_Franklin_Signature.svg/197px-Benjamin_Franklin_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="197" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Benjamin_Franklin_Signature.svg/295px-Benjamin_Franklin_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Benjamin_Franklin_Signature.svg/394px-Benjamin_Franklin_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="234" data-file-height="119" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-top: 1px solid #aaa; text-align:left">Heraldiskt vapen</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Coat_of_Arms_of_Benjamin_Franklin.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Coat_of_Arms_of_Benjamin_Franklin.svg/120px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Benjamin_Franklin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Coat_of_Arms_of_Benjamin_Franklin.svg/180px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Benjamin_Franklin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Coat_of_Arms_of_Benjamin_Franklin.svg/240px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Benjamin_Franklin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="395" data-file-height="493" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; text-align:left" class=""><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:ItemByTitle/svwiki/Benjamin_Franklin" class="extiw" title="d:Special:ItemByTitle/svwiki/Benjamin Franklin">Redigera Wikidata</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Benjamin Franklin</b>, född <a href="/wiki/17_januari" title="17 januari">17 januari</a> (<a href="/wiki/6_januari" title="6 januari">6 januari</a> enligt <a href="/wiki/Gamla_stilen" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamla stilen">gamla stilen</a>, som då gällde i de amerikanska kolonierna) <a href="/wiki/1706" title="1706">1706</a> i <a href="/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston, Massachusetts">Boston</a> i <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay-provinsen" title="Massachusetts Bay-provinsen">Massachusetts Bay-provinsen</a> i <a href="/wiki/Brittiska_Amerika" title="Brittiska Amerika">Brittiska Amerika</a>, död <a href="/wiki/17_april" title="17 april">17 april</a> <a href="/wiki/1790" title="1790">1790</a> i <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia, Pennsylvania">Philadelphia</a>, var en <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">amerikansk</a> författare, vetenskapsman, filosof och politiker. Han var en av <a href="/wiki/USA:s_grundlagsf%C3%A4der" title="USA:s grundlagsfäder">USA:s grundlagsfäder</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Franklin_lightning_engraving.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Franklin_lightning_engraving.jpg/190px-Franklin_lightning_engraving.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Franklin_lightning_engraving.jpg/285px-Franklin_lightning_engraving.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Franklin_lightning_engraving.jpg/380px-Franklin_lightning_engraving.jpg 2x" data-file-width="962" data-file-height="1555" /></a><figcaption>Benjamin Franklin uppfann <a href="/wiki/%C3%85skledare" title="Åskledare">åskledaren</a>.</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografi">Biografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Franklin&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Biografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Franklin&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Biografi"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Benjamin_Franklin_1767.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Benjamin_Franklin_1767.jpg/190px-Benjamin_Franklin_1767.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Benjamin_Franklin_1767.jpg/285px-Benjamin_Franklin_1767.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Benjamin_Franklin_1767.jpg/380px-Benjamin_Franklin_1767.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2386" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Porträtt av Benjamin Franklin 1767.</figcaption></figure> <p>Franklin var yngst i en syskonskara på 15. När han var tio år fick han sluta skolan och vid tolv började han som lärling hos sin bror som arbetade som tryckare på en lokal tidning. Så småningom fick Franklin själv skriva material till tidningen. Efter ett gräl med brodern gav han sig iväg, först till <a href="/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New York</a> och sedan till <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, dit han kom i oktober 1723. Där återupptog han sin syssla som skribent och tryckare; efter ett par månader reste han dock till <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> för att söka lyckan, men återvände snart till Philadelphia och började arbeta för handelsmannen Thomas Denham. Då Denham avled återvände Franklin till sin tidigare syssla och startade snart ett eget tryckeri där han tryckte <i>The Pennsylvania Gazette,</i> till vilken han även bidrog med material och använde för att få ut sina åsikter angående reformer han ansåg nödvändiga. </p><p>1727 grundade han en diskussionsklubb, "<i>The Junto</i>", som 1743 blev <i>The American Philosophical Society</i>. 1731 startade Franklin, tillsammans med några av The Juntos medlemmar, det första allmänna biblioteket i Philadelphia. Det nystartade <i>Library Company</i> beställde sina första böcker 1732. Detta bibliotek blev en stor succé och med blodad tand öppnade man bibliotek i andra amerikanska städer. Nu ägnade Franklin mer och mer tid åt officiella uppdrag; han hade politiska administrativa uppdrag och han organiserade postväsendet i de amerikanska <a href="/wiki/Koloni" title="Koloni">kolonierna</a>. Han gjorde upp planer för en <a href="/wiki/Akademi" title="Akademi">akademi</a> som sedermera skulle utvecklas till <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a>. Vid sidan av allt detta bedrev han även forskning om elektricitet. 1748 upphörde Franklin att vara engagerad i tryckeribranschen och han gjorde ett avtal med sin förman, David Hill, om att han skulle få hälften av verksamhetens vinst under de kommande 18 åren. Nu hade han en stadig ekonomisk grund att stå på, och under de kommande åren skulle han skaffa sig ett anseende bland <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europas</a> lärda. Det handlade om hans upptäckter inom elektricitetens område, upptäckten av <a href="/wiki/Elektrisk_laddning" title="Elektrisk laddning">negativ</a>- och <a href="/wiki/Positiv_laddning" class="mw-redirect" title="Positiv laddning">positiv laddning</a> och hans upptäckt att blixten var strömförande. </p><p>Den 15 juni 1752 kan han ha utfört det experiment han var mest känd för, att flyga en drake under ett åskväder. Följande fransmannen Thomas-François Dalibards lyckade experiment från den 10 maj samma år, är det möjligt att han försökte. Det finns dock teorier om att han aldrig faktiskt utförde experimentet själv. Andra som försökte kopiera hans experiment omkom, exempelvis professor <a href="/wiki/George_Richmann" title="George Richmann">George Richmann</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sankt_Petersburg" title="Sankt Petersburg">Sankt Petersburg</a>. Ett annat område som intresserade Franklin var <a href="/wiki/Meteorologi" title="Meteorologi">meteorologi</a>. På den tiden då han fortfarande arbetade med att skriva reportage hade han en gång besökt en marknad i Philadelphia och där hört ett samtal om ett oväder på en annan plats i Pennsylvania. Han drog slutsatsen att detta var samma oväder som dagen innan dragit fram över Philadelphia och att detta måste innebära att oväder kan förflytta sig. Franklin var även först med att föreslå införande av <a href="/wiki/%C3%85skledare" title="Åskledare">åskledare</a> och sommartid. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politisk_verksamhet">Politisk verksamhet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Franklin&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Politisk verksamhet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Franklin&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Politisk verksamhet"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Declaration_of_Independence_(1819),_by_John_Trumbull.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Declaration_of_Independence_%281819%29%2C_by_John_Trumbull.jpg/250px-Declaration_of_Independence_%281819%29%2C_by_John_Trumbull.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Declaration_of_Independence_%281819%29%2C_by_John_Trumbull.jpg/375px-Declaration_of_Independence_%281819%29%2C_by_John_Trumbull.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Declaration_of_Independence_%281819%29%2C_by_John_Trumbull.jpg/500px-Declaration_of_Independence_%281819%29%2C_by_John_Trumbull.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1970" /></a><figcaption>Självständighetsförklaringen. Målning av <a href="/wiki/John_Trumbull" title="John Trumbull">John Trumbull</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>1751 grundade Franklin och doktor <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bond" title="Thomas Bond">Thomas Bond</a> ett sjukhus, det första i det som skulle bli <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a>. Inom politiken gjorde han en stor insats då han organiserade postväsendet i de amerikanska kolonierna, bildade den första frivilliga brandkåren och gratis bokutlåning från allmänna bibliotek. Men hans insatser som politiker väger lätt då man ser vad han åstadkom som <a href="/wiki/Diplomat" title="Diplomat">diplomat</a>. Han hade stor betydelse när det gällde förbindelserna med <a href="/wiki/Storbritannien" title="Storbritannien">Storbritannien</a> och senare även med <a href="/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike">Frankrike</a>. 1754 ledde han Pennsylvanias delegation vid <a href="/wiki/Albanykongressen" title="Albanykongressen">Albanykongressen</a>. Detta möte mellan flera av kolonierna hade begärts av <a href="/wiki/Kommerskollegium" title="Kommerskollegium">kommerskollegium</a> i England för att förbättra relationerna mellan <a href="/wiki/Amerikanska_urfolk" title="Amerikanska urfolk">urfolksamerikaner</a> och att organisera försvaret mot Frankrike. Franklin föreslog att kolonierna skulle bilda en <a href="/wiki/Union_(statsvetenskap)" title="Union (statsvetenskap)">union</a>. Detta förslag antogs inte men delar av det införlivades sedermera med den <a href="/wiki/Amerikanska_konstitutionen" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerikanska konstitutionen">amerikanska konstitutionen</a>. </p><p>1757 sändes han till England för att protestera mot deras inblandning i Pennsylvanias inre angelägenheter; han stannade i fem år för att informera allmänheten och politikerna där om förhållandena i Pennsylvania. Franklin utsågs även till <a href="/wiki/Hedersdoktor" title="Hedersdoktor">hedersdoktor</a> vid <a href="/wiki/Oxfords_Universitet" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxfords Universitet">Oxfords Universitet</a> för sina insatser inom vetenskapen. Hädanefter använde han titeln doktor Franklin. Väl hemkommen utsågs han till medlem i <a href="/wiki/Kongressen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kongressen">kongressen</a> och gjorde en stor insats vid skrivandet av <a href="/wiki/USA:s_sj%C3%A4lvst%C3%A4ndighetsf%C3%B6rklaring" title="USA:s självständighetsförklaring">självständighetsförklaringen</a>. </p><p>1776 sändes han till Frankrike som <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A4ndebud" title="Sändebud">sändebud</a> för USA. Han bodde där i ett hus i <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Parisförorten</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Passy,_Paris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passy, Paris [inte skriven än]">Passy</a>, donerat av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques-Donatien_Le_Ray_de_Chaumont&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques-Donatien Le Ray de Chaumont [inte skriven än]">Jacques-Donatien Le Ray de Chaumont</a> som skulle bli en viktig allierad till USA under <a href="/wiki/Nordamerikanska_frihetskriget" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordamerikanska frihetskriget">frihetskriget</a>. Under sin tid som diplomat i Paris var en av Franklins roller även att agera som minister för Sverige, befullmäktigad av hans majestät kung <a href="/wiki/Gustav_III" title="Gustav III">Gustav III</a>. Efter krigets slut undertecknade Franklin tillsammans med det svenska sändebudet <a href="/wiki/Gustaf_Filip_Creutz" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustaf Filip Creutz">Gustaf Filip Creutz</a> den 3 april 1783 en svensk-amerikansk vänskaps- och handelstraktat. Franklin stannade i Frankrike till 1785 och han var en populär person i den franska societeten. Han var så populär att det blev mode att hänga upp tavlor med hans porträtt i sitt hem. När han 1785 återvänt till Amerika förärades han med att få sitt porträtt, målat av <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Siffred_Duplessis" title="Joseph Siffred Duplessis">Joseph Siffred Duplessis</a>, utställt vid <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a> i <a href="/wiki/Washington_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Washington D.C.">Washington D.C.</a> </p><p>Nu började han arbeta för att få slaveriet förbjudet inom unionen, och han utsågs även till ordförande i <i>The Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery and the Relief of Negroes Unlawfully Held in Bondage</i>. 1787, då han egentligen gått i pension, åtog han sig uppdraget att upprätta den <a href="/wiki/Amerikanska_konstitutionen" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerikanska konstitutionen">amerikanska konstitutionen</a> som skulle ersätta <a href="/wiki/Konfederationsartiklarna" title="Konfederationsartiklarna">Konfederationsartiklarna</a>. Franklin var den ende som satte sin namnteckning på alla tre dokument som lett fram till självständigheten: <a href="/wiki/Amerikanska_sj%C3%A4lvst%C3%A4ndighetsf%C3%B6rklaringen" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerikanska självständighetsförklaringen">amerikanska självständighetsförklaringen</a> (1776), <a href="/wiki/Paristraktatet" class="mw-redirect" title="Paristraktatet">Paristraktatet</a> (1783) och konstitutionen. Samma år föreslog några pastorer i <a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_Pennsylvania" title="Lancaster, Pennsylvania">Lancaster</a> att man skulle bygga ett nytt <a href="/wiki/College" title="College">college</a> som skulle uppkallas efter Franklin. Franklin donerade 200 <a href="/wiki/Brittiskt_pund" title="Brittiskt pund">pund</a> till bygget av <i>Franklin College</i>, som 1853 slogs samman med Marshall College. Numera heter det <i>Franklin and Marshall College</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Schack">Schack</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Franklin&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Schack" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Franklin&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Schack"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Franklin var en hängiven <a href="/wiki/Schackspelare" title="Schackspelare">schackspelare</a>. Han spelade schack omkring 1733 och är därmed den första schackspelaren vars namn är känt i de amerikanska kolonierna.<sup id="cite_ref-McCraryChessandFranklin_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCraryChessandFranklin-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Begravningen">Begravningen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Franklin&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Begravningen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Franklin&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Begravningen"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Den 17 april 1790 avled Franklin och begravdes i Philadelphia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Släktingar"><span id="Sl.C3.A4ktingar"></span>Släktingar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Franklin&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Släktingar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Franklin&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Släktingar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Den amerikanska skådespelaren <a href="/wiki/Jack_Coleman" title="Jack Coleman">Jack Coleman</a> (född 1958) är i rakt nedstigande led släkt med Benjamin Franklin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Övrigt"><span id=".C3.96vrigt"></span>Övrigt</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Franklin&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Övrigt" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Franklin&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Övrigt"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Benjamin Franklins porträtt finns på 100-dollarsedeln. Benjamin Franklin var en hängiven <a href="/wiki/Frimureri" title="Frimureri">Frimurare</a>. Han gifte sig 1730 med Deborah Read Rogers, hon dog 1774. <a href="/wiki/Nedslagskrater" title="Nedslagskrater">Nedslagskratern</a> <a href="/wiki/Franklin_(m%C3%A5nkrater)" title="Franklin (månkrater)">Franklin</a> på <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A5nen" title="Månen">månen</a> och <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroiden</a> <a href="/wiki/5102_Benfranklin" title="5102 Benfranklin">5102 Benfranklin</a> är uppkallade efter honom.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Franklin&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Franklin&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-abc3800daca3ac8a1f839d48edbfd4a6eff97105-1"><a href="#cite_ref-abc3800daca3ac8a1f839d48edbfd4a6eff97105_1-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i><span title="engelska">A New Nation Votes: American Electoral Returns, 1788-1825</span></i>, American Astronomical Society och <a href="/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University">Tufts University</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/FB0023">läs online</a> och <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/10427/005073">läs online</a>, läst: 23 december 2020.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-b695df62a1179cb127ee7e1cbec2c0bf67683be5-2">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-b695df62a1179cb127ee7e1cbec2c0bf67683be5_2-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-b695df62a1179cb127ee7e1cbec2c0bf67683be5_2-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><i>Archive of Fine Arts</i>, abART person-ID: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cs.isabart.org/person/152605">152605</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cs.isabart.org/person/152605">läs online</a>, läst: 1 april 2021.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17719537c93d3b75709dc5a408afd9a5d3cd7899-3"><a href="#cite_ref-17719537c93d3b75709dc5a408afd9a5d3cd7899_3-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dudley_Warner" title="Charles Dudley Warner">Charles Dudley Warner</a> (red.), <i><a href="https://sv.wikisource.org/wiki/en:Library_of_the_World%27s_Best_Literature" class="extiw" title="src:en:Library of the World's Best Literature"><span title="engelska">Library of the World's Best Literature</span></a></i>, 1897, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/library">läs online</a>.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5f6311d062399682614a518069b07ed009978549-4"><a href="#cite_ref-5f6311d062399682614a518069b07ed009978549_4-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Olomoucs stadsbiblioteks regionala databas</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tritius.kmol.cz/authority/777285">läs online</a>, läst: 26 september 2024.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-b2bd0d056eb27e8d0dc7c52b840c779cd0946ae5-5"><a href="#cite_ref-b2bd0d056eb27e8d0dc7c52b840c779cd0946ae5_5-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/founding-fathers">läs online</a>, <i>www.archives.gov</i> .<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51141e1514645682d6bef19e42d5903d35bb761e-6"><a href="#cite_ref-51141e1514645682d6bef19e42d5903d35bb761e_6-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1dsunM9ukGLgaW3HdG9cvJ_QKd7pWjGI0qi_fCb1ROD4/pubhtml?gid=1336391689&single=true"><span title="engelska">Award winners : Copley Medal</span></a></i> (på engelska), <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1dsunM9ukGLgaW3HdG9cvJ_QKd7pWjGI0qi_fCb1ROD4/pubhtml?gid=1336391689&single=true">läs online</a>, läst: 30 december 2018.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cd7a5639221e1ce7a51bb1c8567ba80198b4af4b-7"><a href="#cite_ref-cd7a5639221e1ce7a51bb1c8567ba80198b4af4b_7-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i><span title="engelska">Members of the American Academy Listed by election year, 1780-1799</span></i>, <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amacad.org/sites/default/files/media/document/2019-10/electionIndex1780-1799.pdf">läs online</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amacad.org/sites/default/files/media/document/2019-10/electionIndex1780-1799.pdf">läs online</a>.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCraryChessandFranklin-8"><a href="#cite_ref-McCraryChessandFranklin_8-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">John McCrary, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.benfranklin300.org/_etc_pdf/Chess_John_McCrary.pdf"><i>Chess and Benjamin Franklin-His Pioneering Contributions</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101221212852/http://www.benfranklin300.org/_etc_pdf/Chess_John_McCrary.pdf">Arkiverad</a> 21 december 2010 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>. (<a href="/wiki/PDF" class="mw-redirect" title="PDF">PDF</a>). Retrieved on April 26, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/2014">”Franklin on Moon”</a> (på engelska). International Astronomical Union. 18 oktober 2010<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/2014">https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/2014</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 4 november 2023</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Franklin+on+Moon&rft.atitle=&rft.date=18+oktober+2010&rft.pub=International+Astronomical+Union&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplanetarynames.wr.usgs.gov%2FFeature%2F2014&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Benjamin_Franklin"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=5102">”Minor Planet Center 5102 Benfranklin”</a> (på engelska). Minor Planet Center<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=5102">https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=5102</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 5 juli 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Minor+Planet+Center+5102+Benfranklin&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Minor+Planet+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.minorplanetcenter.net%2Fdb_search%2Fshow_object%3Fobject_id%3D5102&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Benjamin_Franklin"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Franklin&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Franklin&action=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> Wikimedia Commons har media som rör <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Benjamin_Franklin" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a>.<div class="interProject commons" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Benjamin_Franklin" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Benjamin Franklin">Bilder & media</a></div></li> <li><div style="display: inline;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/15px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/30px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span> Wikiquote har citat av eller om <a href="https://sv.wikiquote.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" class="extiw" title="q:Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a>.<div class="interProject wikiquote" style="display:none;"><a href="https://sv.wikiquote.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" class="extiw" title="q:Benjamin Franklin">Citat</a></div></div></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/hitlist.jsp?q=f%C3%B6rf%3A%28Franklin%2C+Benjamin%2C+1706-1790%29&m=50">Benjamin Franklin</a> i <a href="/wiki/Libris_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="Libris (bibliotekskatalog)">Libris</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ushistory.org/franklin/autobiography/">Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin</a> hos <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ushistory.org/franklin/">The Electric Franklin</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FACEFF;">Diplomatiska titlar </th></tr> <tr> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1"><b>Ny titel</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/USA:s_ambassad_i_Paris" title="USA:s ambassad i Paris">USA:s ambassadör i Paris</a></b><br />1779–1785 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Efterträddes av<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{background:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background:#d0e0f5}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background:#deeafa}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background:transparent}</style><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Politisk_filosofi" title="Mall:Politisk filosofi"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Politisk_filosofi&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Politisk_filosofi" title="Politisk filosofi">Politisk filosofi</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Termer</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Auktoritet" title="Auktoritet">Auktoritet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Egendom" title="Egendom">Egendom</a> • <a href="/wiki/Elit" title="Elit">Elit</a> • <a href="/wiki/Emancipation" title="Emancipation">Emancipation</a> • <a href="/wiki/Folk" title="Folk">Folk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fred" title="Fred">Fred</a> • <a href="/wiki/Frihet" title="Frihet">Frihet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hegemoni" title="Hegemoni">Hegemoni</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hierarki" title="Hierarki">Hierarki</a> • <a href="/wiki/Krig" title="Krig">Krig</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lag" title="Lag">Lag</a> • <a href="/wiki/Legitimitet" title="Legitimitet">Legitimitet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lydnad" title="Lydnad">Lydnad</a> • <a href="/wiki/Makt" title="Makt">Makt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Monopol" title="Monopol">Monopol</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">Nation</a> • <a href="/wiki/Plikt" title="Plikt">Plikt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pluralism" title="Pluralism">Pluralism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">Propaganda</a> • <a href="/wiki/Regering" title="Regering">Regering</a> • <a href="/wiki/Revolution" title="Revolution">Revolution</a> • <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4ttighet" title="Rättighet">Rättigheter</a> • <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4ttvisa" title="Rättvisa">Rättvisa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Samh%C3%A4lle_(sociologi)" title="Samhälle (sociologi)">Samhälle</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kontraktualism" title="Kontraktualism">Samhällskontrakt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Stat" title="Stat">Stat</a> • <a href="/wiki/Suver%C3%A4nitet" title="Suveränitet">Suveränitet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Utopi" title="Utopi">Utopi</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Statsskick</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Aristokrati" title="Aristokrati">Aristokrati</a> • <a href="/wiki/Env%C3%A4lde" title="Envälde">Autokrati</a> • <a href="/wiki/Byr%C3%A5krati" title="Byråkrati">Byråkrati</a> • <a href="/wiki/Diktatur" title="Diktatur">Diktatur</a> • <a href="/wiki/Demokrati" title="Demokrati">Demokrati</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gerontokrati" title="Gerontokrati">Gerontokrati</a> • <a href="/wiki/Meritokrati" title="Meritokrati">Meritokrati</a> • <a href="/wiki/Monarki" title="Monarki">Monarki</a> • <a href="/wiki/Oligarki" title="Oligarki">Oligarki</a> • <a href="/wiki/Plutokrati" title="Plutokrati">Plutokrati</a> • <a href="/wiki/Teknokrati" title="Teknokrati">Teknokrati</a> • <a href="/wiki/Teokrati" title="Teokrati">Teokrati</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Ideologier</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">Agrarianism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Anarkism" title="Anarkism">Anarkism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ekologism" title="Ekologism">Ekologism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">Feminism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Feodalism" title="Feodalism">Feodalism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kapitalism" title="Kapitalism">Kapitalism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kolonialism" title="Kolonialism">Kolonialism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kommunism" title="Kommunism">Kommunism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kommunitarism" title="Kommunitarism">Kommunitarism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Konfucianism" title="Konfucianism">Konfucianism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Konservatism" title="Konservatism">Konservatism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Korporativism" title="Korporativism">Korporativism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kristdemokrati" title="Kristdemokrati">Kristdemokrati</a> • <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Monarkism" title="Monarkism">Monarkism</a> • <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A5ngkultur" title="Mångkultur">Multikulturalism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Republikanism" title="Republikanism">Republikanism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Socialdarwinism" title="Socialdarwinism">Socialdarwinism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Socialdemokrati" title="Socialdemokrati">Socialdemokrati</a> • <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tredje_v%C3%A4gens_politik" title="Tredje vägens politik">Tredje vägen</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Teorier</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Bellum_omnium_contra_omnes" title="Bellum omnium contra omnes">Bellum omnium contra omnes</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Civilisationernas_kamp" class="mw-redirect" title="Civilisationernas kamp">Civilisationernas kamp</a> • <a href="/wiki/Familjen_som_statsmodell" title="Familjen som statsmodell">Familjen som statsmodell</a> • <a href="/wiki/Folkhemmet" title="Folkhemmet">Folkhemmet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kungad%C3%B6met_av_Guds_n%C3%A5de" title="Kungadömet av Guds nåde">Kungadömet av Guds nåde</a> • <a href="/wiki/Majoritetsf%C3%B6rtryck" title="Majoritetsförtryck">Majoritetsförtryck</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maktdelningsprincipen" title="Maktdelningsprincipen">Maktdelning</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maktbalans" title="Maktbalans">Maktbalans</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nattv%C3%A4ktarstat" title="Nattväktarstat">Nattväktarstat</a> • <a href="/wiki/Naturr%C3%A4tt" title="Naturrätt">Naturrätt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Naturtillst%C3%A5nd" title="Naturtillstånd">Naturtillstånd</a> • <a href="/wiki/Negativa_och_positiva_r%C3%A4ttigheter" title="Negativa och positiva rättigheter">Negativa och positiva rättigheter</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Noblesse_oblige" class="mw-redirect" title="Noblesse oblige">Noblesse oblige</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Ursprungspositionen" title="Ursprungspositionen">Okunnighetens slöja</a> • <a href="/wiki/Organismtanken" title="Organismtanken">Organismtanken</a> • <a href="/wiki/Overton-f%C3%B6nstret" title="Overton-fönstret">Overton-fönstret</a> • <a href="/wiki/Samh%C3%A4llskontrakt" class="mw-redirect" title="Samhällskontrakt">Samhällskontrakt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Statolatri" title="Statolatri">Statolatri</a> • <a href="/wiki/Triangulering_(politik)" title="Triangulering (politik)">Triangulering</a> • <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A5gm%C3%A4stare_(politik)" title="Vågmästare (politik)">Vågmästare</a> • <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A5ldsmonopol" title="Våldsmonopol">Våldsmonopol</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C3%84del_l%C3%B6gn" title="Ädel lögn">Ädel lögn</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C3%96ppet_samh%C3%A4lle" title="Öppet samhälle">Öppet samhälle</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Filosofer</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Antiken</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles">Aristoteles</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chanakya" title="Chanakya">Chanakya</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a> • <a href="/wiki/Han_Feizi" title="Han Feizi">Han Feizi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Konfucius" title="Konfucius">Konfucius</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mencius" title="Mencius">Mencius</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mozi" title="Mozi">Mozi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Platon" title="Platon">Platon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Shang_Yang" title="Shang Yang">Shang</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sun_Zi" title="Sun Zi">Sun Zi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thukydides" title="Thukydides">Thukydides</a> • <a href="/wiki/Xenofon" title="Xenofon">Xenofon</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Medeltiden</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Al_Farabi" title="Al Farabi">Al Farabi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_av_Aquino" title="Thomas av Aquino">Aquino</a> • <a href="/wiki/Averro%C3%ABs" title="Averroës">Averroës</a> • <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Bruni" title="Leonardo Bruni">Bruni</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gelasius_I" title="Gelasius I">Gelasius</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ghazali" title="Mohammad Ghazali">Ghazali</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun">Ibn Khaldun</a> • <a href="/wiki/Muhammed" title="Muhammed">Muhammed</a> • <a href="/wiki/William_Ockham" title="William Ockham">Ockham</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Tidigmodern tid</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_de_La_Bo%C3%A9tie" title="Étienne de La Boétie">Boétie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin">Bodin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jacques-B%C3%A9nigne_Bossuet" title="Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet">Bossuet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jean_Calvin" title="Jean Calvin">Calvin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Grotius" title="Hugo Grotius">Grotius</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes">Hobbes</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">Locke</a> • <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Luther</a> • <a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli">Machiavelli</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">Milton</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">More</a> • <a href="/wiki/Samuel_von_Pufendorf" title="Samuel von Pufendorf">Pufendorf</a> • <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza" title="Baruch Spinoza">Spinoza</a> • <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Francisco Suárez">Suárez</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">17- och 18-<br />hundratalen</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Michail_Bakunin" title="Michail Bakunin">Bakunin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bastiat" title="Frédéric Bastiat">Bastiat</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham" title="Jeremy Bentham">Bentham</a> • <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Carlyle</a> • <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Comte" title="Auguste Comte">Comte</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_de_Condorcet" title="Nicolas de Condorcet">Condorcet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Constant" title="Benjamin Constant">Constant</a> • <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engels</a> • <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte" title="Johann Gottlieb Fichte">Fichte</a> • <a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Fourier</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Franklin</a> • <a href="/wiki/William_Godwin" title="William Godwin">Godwin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_Herder" title="Johann Gottfried Herder">Herder</a> • <a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">Hume</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Iqbal" title="Mohammad Iqbal">Iqbal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a> • <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Kant</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Le_Bon" title="Gustave Le Bon">Le Bon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">Maistre</a> • <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">Mill</a> • <a href="/wiki/Charles-Louis_de_Secondat_Montesquieu" title="Charles-Louis de Secondat Montesquieu">Montesquieu</a> • <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a> • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Owen" title="Robert Owen">Owen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Paine</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Renan" title="Ernest Renan">Renan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseau</a> • <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Saint-Simon" title="Henri de Saint-Simon">Saint-Simon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Smith</a> • <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer" title="Herbert Spencer">Spencer</a> • <a href="/wiki/Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Germaine de Staël">de Staël</a> • <a href="/wiki/Max_Stirner" title="Max Stirner">Stirner</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Taine" title="Hippolyte Taine">Taine</a> • <a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">Tocqueville</a> • <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">19- och 20-<br />hundratalen</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Agamben" title="Giorgio Agamben">Agamben</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bhimrao_Ramji_Ambedkar" title="Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar">Ambedkar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt" title="Hannah Arendt">Arendt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Aron" title="Raymond Aron">Aron</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alain_de_Benoist" title="Alain de Benoist">Benoist</a> • <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Berlin" title="Isaiah Berlin">Berlin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Bernstein" title="Eduard Bernstein">Bernstein</a> • <a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a> • <a href="/wiki/W.E.B._Du_Bois" title="W.E.B. Du Bois">Du Bois</a> • <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dugin" title="Aleksandr Dugin">Dugin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Julius_Evola" title="Julius Evola">Evola</a> • <a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Foucault</a> • <a href="/wiki/Erich_Fromm" title="Erich Fromm">Fromm</a> • <a href="/wiki/Francis_Fukuyama" title="Francis Fukuyama">Fukuyama</a> • <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Gentile" title="Giovanni Gentile">Gentile</a> • <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" title="Antonio Gramsci">Gramsci</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Gu%C3%A9non" title="René Guénon">Guénon</a> • <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas" title="Jürgen Habermas">Habermas</a> • <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_Hayek" title="Friedrich von Hayek">Hayek</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a> • <a href="/wiki/Samuel_P._Huntington" title="Samuel P. Huntington">Huntington</a> • <a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk">Kirk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pjotr_Kropotkin" title="Pjotr Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Lenin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a> • <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Mansfield" title="Harvey Mansfield">Mansfield</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao</a> • <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Marcuse</a> • <a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Maurras</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises" title="Ludwig von Mises">Mises</a> • <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Negri" title="Antonio Negri">Negri</a> • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Nozick" title="Robert Nozick">Nozick</a> • <a href="/wiki/Martha_Nussbaum" title="Martha Nussbaum">Nussbaum</a> • <a href="/wiki/Michael_Oakeshott" title="Michael Oakeshott">Oakeshott</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ortega_y_Gasset" title="José Ortega y Gasset">Ortega</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vilfredo_Pareto" title="Vilfredo Pareto">Pareto</a> • <a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Popper</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Qutb" title="Sayyid Qutb">Qutb</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Rand</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Rawls" title="John Rawls">Rawls</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6pke" title="Wilhelm Röpke">Röpke</a> • <a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Rothbard</a> • <a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Schmitt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Roger_Scruton" title="Roger Scruton">Scruton</a> • <a href="/wiki/Georges_Sorel" title="Georges Sorel">Sorel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Oswald_Spengler" title="Oswald Spengler">Spengler</a> • <a href="/wiki/Leo_Strauss" title="Leo Strauss">Strauss</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun</a> • <a href="/wiki/Eric_Voegelin" title="Eric Voegelin">Voegelin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Max_Weber" title="Max Weber">Weber</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Verk</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Staten_(Platon)" title="Staten (Platon)">Staten</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(ca 375 f.Kr.)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/Politiken" title="Politiken">Politiken</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(ca 350 f.Kr.)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/Fursten" title="Fursten">Fursten</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1532)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/Leviathan_(Thomas_Hobbes)" title="Leviathan (Thomas Hobbes)">Leviathan</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1651)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/De_l%27esprit_des_lois" title="De l'esprit des lois">Om lagarnas anda</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1748)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/Om_samh%C3%A4llsf%C3%B6rdraget" title="Om samhällsfördraget">Om samhällsfördraget</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1762)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/Reflektioner_om_franska_revolutionen" title="Reflektioner om franska revolutionen">Reflektioner om franska revolutionen</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1790)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/Grundlinien_der_Philosophie_des_Rechts" title="Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts">Rättsfilosofins grunddrag</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1820)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/Kommunistiska_manifestet" title="Kommunistiska manifestet">Kommunistiska manifestet</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1848)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/Om_friheten" title="Om friheten">Om friheten</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1859)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/Massornas_uppror" title="Massornas uppror">Massornas uppror</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1929)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4gen_till_tr%C3%A4ldom" title="Vägen till träldom">Vägen till träldom</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1944)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/Det_%C3%B6ppna_samh%C3%A4llet_och_dess_fiender" title="Det öppna samhället och dess fiender">Det öppna samhället och dess fiender</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1945)</span> • <i><a href="/wiki/En_teori_om_r%C3%A4ttvisa" title="En teori om rättvisa">En teori om rättvisa</a></i> <span style="font-size:90%;">(1971)</span></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Se även</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Auktoritarianism" title="Auktoritarianism">Auktoritarianism</a> • <a href="/wiki/De_politiska_id%C3%A9ernas_historia" title="De politiska idéernas historia">De politiska idéernas historia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Egalitarism" title="Egalitarism">Egalitarism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ekonomikritik" title="Ekonomikritik">Ekonomikritik</a> • <a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Elitteori" title="Elitteori">Elitteori</a> • <a href="/wiki/GAL%E2%80%93TAN" title="GAL–TAN">GAL–TAN</a> • <a href="/wiki/Politiskt_spektrum" title="Politiskt spektrum">Politiskt spektrum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Politisk_v%C3%A4nster" title="Politisk vänster">Vänster</a> • <a href="/wiki/Politisk_mitt" title="Politisk mitt">Mitt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Politisk_h%C3%B6ger" title="Politisk höger">Höger</a>) • <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4ttsfilosofi" title="Rättsfilosofi">Rättsfilosofi</a> • <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4ttsvetenskap" title="Rättsvetenskap">Rättsvetenskap</a> • <a href="/wiki/Separatism_(statsvetenskap)" title="Separatism (statsvetenskap)">Separatism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Etatism" title="Etatism">Statism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Totalitarism" title="Totalitarism">Totalitarism</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Politisk_filosofi" title="Kategori:Politisk filosofi">Kategori:Politisk filosofi</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Copleymedalj%C3%B6rer_1751%E2%80%931800" title="Mall:Copleymedaljörer 1751–1800"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Copleymedalj%C3%B6rer_1751%E2%80%931800&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Copleymedaljen" title="Copleymedaljen">Copleymedaljörer</a> 1751–1800</span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/John_Canton" title="John Canton">John Canton</a> (1751)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/John_Pringle" title="John Pringle">John Pringle</a> (1752)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Benjamin Franklin</a> (1753)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/William_Lewis_(naturforskare)" title="William Lewis (naturforskare)">William Lewis</a> (1754)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Huxham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Huxham [inte skriven än]">John Huxham</a> (1755)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><i>Ingen pristagare</i> (1756)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Cavendish_(naturforskare)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Cavendish (naturforskare) [inte skriven än]">Charles Cavendish</a> (1757)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/John_Dollond" title="John Dollond">John Dollond</a> (1758)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/John_Smeaton" title="John Smeaton">John Smeaton</a> (1759)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Wilson_(konstn%C3%A4r)" title="Benjamin Wilson (konstnär)">Benjamin Wilson</a> (1760)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><i>Inga pristagare</i> (1761-1763)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/John_Canton" title="John Canton">John Canton</a> (1764)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><i>Ingen pristagare</i> (1765)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Brownrigg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Brownrigg [inte skriven än]">William Brownrigg</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Delaval&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Delaval [inte skriven än]">Edward Delaval</a> och <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cavendish" title="Henry Cavendish">Henry Cavendish</a> (1766)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/John_Ellis_(naturforskare)" title="John Ellis (naturforskare)">John Ellis</a> (1767)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Woulfe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Woulfe [inte skriven än]">Peter Woulfe</a> (1768)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hewson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Hewson [inte skriven än]">William Hewson</a> (1769)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/William_Hamilton_(diplomat)" title="William Hamilton (diplomat)">William Hamilton</a> (1770)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthew_Raper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matthew Raper [inte skriven än]">Matthew Raper</a> (1771)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Priestley" title="Joseph Priestley">Joseph Priestley</a> (1772)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Walsh_(vetenskapsman)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Walsh (vetenskapsman) [inte skriven än]">John Walsh</a> (1773)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><i>Ingen pristagare</i> (1774)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Nevil_Maskelyne" title="Nevil Maskelyne">Nevil Maskelyne</a> (1775)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a> (1776)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mudge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Mudge [inte skriven än]">John Mudge</a> (1777)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hutton" title="Charles Hutton">Charles Hutton</a> (1778)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><i>Ingen pristagare</i> (1779)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Vince&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Vince [inte skriven än]">Samuel Vince</a> (1780)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/William_Herschel" title="William Herschel">William Herschel</a> (1781)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Kirwan" title="Richard Kirwan">Richard Kirwan</a> (1782)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/John_Goodricke" title="John Goodricke">John Goodricke</a> och <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Hutchins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Hutchins [inte skriven än]">Thomas Hutchins</a> (1783)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Edward_Waring" title="Edward Waring">Edward Waring</a> (1784)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Roy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Roy [inte skriven än]">William Roy</a> (1785)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><i>Ingen pristagare</i> (1786)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/John_Hunter_(l%C3%A4kare)" title="John Hunter (läkare)">John Hunter</a> (1787)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Blagden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Blagden [inte skriven än]">Charles Blagden</a> (1788)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/William_Morgan" title="William Morgan">William Morgan</a> (1789)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><i>Ingen pristagare</i> (1790)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/James_Rennell" title="James Rennell">James Rennell</a> och <a href="/wiki/Jean-Andr%C3%A9_Deluc" title="Jean-André Deluc">Jean-André Deluc</a> (1791)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Thompson" title="Benjamin Thompson">Benjamin Thompson</a> (1792)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><i>Ingen pristagare</i> (1793)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Volta" title="Alessandro Volta">Alessandro Volta</a> (1794)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Ramsden" title="Jesse Ramsden">Jesse Ramsden</a> (1795)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/George_Atwood" title="George Atwood">George Atwood</a> (1796)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><i>Ingen pristagare</i> (1797)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Shuckburgh-Evelyn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Shuckburgh-Evelyn [inte skriven än]">George Shuckburgh-Evelyn</a> och <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Hatchett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Hatchett [inte skriven än]">Charles Hatchett</a> (1798)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Hellins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Hellins [inte skriven än]">John Hellins</a> (1799)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Edward_Howard_(vetenskapsman)" title="Edward Howard (vetenskapsman)">Edward Charles Howard</a> (1800)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="2"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><small><a href="/wiki/Mall:Copleymedalj%C3%B6rer_1731%E2%80%931750" title="Mall:Copleymedaljörer 1731–1750">1731–1750</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Mall:Copleymedalj%C3%B6rer_1751%E2%80%931800" title="Mall:Copleymedaljörer 1751–1800">1751–1800</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Mall:Copleymedalj%C3%B6rer_1801%E2%80%931850" title="Mall:Copleymedaljörer 1801–1850">1801–1850</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Mall:Copleymedalj%C3%B6rer_1851%E2%80%931900" title="Mall:Copleymedaljörer 1851–1900">1851–1900</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Mall:Copleymedalj%C3%B6rer_1901%E2%80%931950" title="Mall:Copleymedaljörer 1901–1950">1901–1950</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Mall:Copleymedalj%C3%B6rer_1951%E2%80%932000" title="Mall:Copleymedaljörer 1951–2000">1951–2000</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Mall:Copleymedalj%C3%B6rer_2001%E2%80%932050" title="Mall:Copleymedaljörer 2001–2050">2001–idag</a></small></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"><table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks hlist auktoritetsdata navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Auktoritetsdata" title="Auktoritetsdata">Auktoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n79043402">WorldCat</a> • <a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/56609913">56609913</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79043402">n79043402</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/0000000121339941">0000 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