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writing</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: copy writing"> <meta name="keywords" content="copy writing"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="copy writing"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 893</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: copy writing</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">893</span> The Role of Paper in the Copy Identification of Safavid Era Shahnamehs of Tabriz Doctrine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashrafosadat%20Mousavi%20Lar">Ashrafosadat Mousavi Lar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elahe%20Moravej"> Elahe Moravej</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To investigate and explain the history of each copy, we must refer to its past because it highlights parts of the civilization of people among which this copy has been codified. In this paper, eight Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh of Safavid era of Tabriz doctrine available in Iranian libraries and museums are studied. Undoubtedly, it can be said that Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh is one of the most important books that has been transcribed many times in different eras because it explains the Iranian champions’ prowess and it includes the history of Iran from Pishdadian to Sasanian dynasty. In addition, it has been attractive for governors and artists. The research methodology of this article is based on the analytical-descriptive arguments. The research hypothesis is based on papers used in Shahnameh writing in Safavid era of Tabriz doctrine were mostly Isfahanian papers existed. At that time, Isfahanian paper was unique in terms of quality, clarity, flatness of the sheets, volume, shape, softness and elegance, strength, and smoothness. This paper was mostly used to prepare the courtier and exquisite copies. This shows that the prepared copies in Safavid era of Tabriz doctrine were very important because the artists and people who ordered and were out of the court have ordered Isfahanian paper for writing their books. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paper" title="paper">paper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahnameh" title=" Shahnameh"> Shahnameh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Safavid%20era" title=" Safavid era"> Safavid era</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tabriz%20doctrine" title=" Tabriz doctrine"> Tabriz doctrine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34893/the-role-of-paper-in-the-copy-identification-of-safavid-era-shahnamehs-of-tabriz-doctrine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34893.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">892</span> A Dirty Page Migration Method in Process of Memory Migration Based on Pre-copy Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kang%20Zijian">Kang Zijian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhang%20Tingyu"> Zhang Tingyu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Burra%20Venkata%20Durga%20Kumar"> Burra Venkata Durga Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article investigates the challenges in memory migration during the live migration of virtual machines. We found three challenges probably existing in pre-copy technology. One of the main challenges is the challenge of downtime migration. Decrease the downtime could promise the normal work for a virtual machine. Although pre-copy technology is greatly decreasing the downtime, we still need to shut down the machine in order to finish the last round of data transfer. This paper provides an optimization scheme for the problems existing in pro-copy technology, mainly the optimization of the dirty page migration mechanism. The typical pre-copy technology copy n-1th’s dirty pages in nth turn. However, our idea is to create a double iteration method to solve this problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20machine" title="virtual machine">virtual machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-copy%20technology" title=" pre-copy technology"> pre-copy technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memory%20migration%20process" title=" memory migration process"> memory migration process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=downtime" title=" downtime"> downtime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dirty%20pages%20migration%20method" title=" dirty pages migration method"> dirty pages migration method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169033/a-dirty-page-migration-method-in-process-of-memory-migration-based-on-pre-copy-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169033.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">891</span> Academic Writing vs Creative Writing for Arabic Speaking Students </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yacoub%20Aljaffery">Yacoub Aljaffery</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many English writing instructors try to avoid creative writing in their classrooms thinking they need to teach essay rules and organization skills. They seem to forget that creative writing has do’s and don’ts as well. While academic writing is different from fiction writing in some important ways (although perhaps the boundaries are fruitfully blurring), there is much that can be writerly selves. The differences between creative writing and academic writing are that creative writing is written mainly to entertain with the creativity of the mind and academic writing is written mainly to inform in a formal manner or to incite the reader to make an action such as purchase the writer’s product. In this research paper, we are going to find out how could Arabic speaking students, who are learning academic writing in universities, benefit from creative writing such as literature, theatrical scripts, music, and poems. Since Arabic language is known as poetic language, students from this culture tend to like writing with creativity. We will investigate the positive influence of creative writing rules on academic essays and paragraphs in universities, and We will prove the importance of using creative writing activities in any academic writing classroom. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ESL%20teaching" title="ESL teaching">ESL teaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivation" title=" motivation"> motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20methods" title=" teaching methods"> teaching methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20writing" title="academic writing ">academic writing </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creative%20writing" title=" creative writing"> creative writing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16224/academic-writing-vs-creative-writing-for-arabic-speaking-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16224.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">554</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">890</span> The Constructivist Approach to Teaching Second Language Writing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andreea%20Cervatiuc">Andreea Cervatiuc</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study focuses on teaching second language writing through a constructivist approach. Unlike traditional approaches to teaching second language writing, which were product-oriented and emphasized surface features of writing, such as spelling and grammar, the constructivist approach to teaching second language writing is process-oriented and fosters discovery of meaning, creativity, collaboration, and writing for an audience. Educators who take a constructivist approach to teaching second language writing create communities of writers in their classrooms, emphasize that the goal of writing is to share ideas with others, and engage their students in collaborative, creative, and authentic writing activities, such as writing conferences, group story writing, finish the story, and chain writing. The constructivist approach to teaching second language writing combines a focus on genres, scaffolding, and treating writing as a process. Through constructivist writing, students co-create knowledge and engage in meaningful dialogue with various texts and their peers. The findings of this study can have implications for applied linguists, teachers, and language learners. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constructivist%20second%20language" title="constructivist second language">constructivist second language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=writing%20genres" title=" writing genres"> writing genres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20writing" title=" process writing"> process writing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scaffolding" title=" scaffolding"> scaffolding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194112/the-constructivist-approach-to-teaching-second-language-writing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194112.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">10</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">889</span> The Impact of Collaborative Writing through Wikis and Blogs on Iranian EFL Learners’ Writing Achievement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhad%20Ghorbandordinejad">Farhad Ghorbandordinejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shamsoddin%20Aref"> Shamsoddin Aref</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wikis and blogs, defined as educational tools in line with the objectives of collaborative writing, are regarded as innovative ways of writing addressing the problems of conventional types of writing. Although writing in wikis and blogs step in different contexts, they are both aiming at betterment of collaborative writing procedures. It is believed that due to certain reasons bringing in wikis and blogs to learners' life can lead to better performance of writing. This study aimed at dipping into pedagogical aspects of wikis and blogs in the hope of eliminating prior traditional mistakes and bringing students together in a more constructive L2 context. To this end, three groups of intermediate students were experimented in three settings of wiki-group, blog-group and conventional (control) group. Despite conventional group learners, participants in both experimental groups experienced L2 writing in a new telecollaborative context. An achievement test was administered after the treatment to check learners’ degree of improvement in EFL writing. The results of this study provide a deep insight towards the effectiveness of writing in the contexts of wikis and blogs compared with conventional writing procedures. The overall conclusion drawn from the distinction of conventional writing, on one hand, and wikis and blogs, on the other hand, indicates that the latter channels of writing are more constructive for learners’ writing improvements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collaborative%20writing" title="collaborative writing">collaborative writing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wikis" title=" wikis"> wikis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blogs" title=" blogs"> blogs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=writing%20achievement" title=" writing achievement"> writing achievement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41516/the-impact-of-collaborative-writing-through-wikis-and-blogs-on-iranian-efl-learners-writing-achievement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41516.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">391</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">888</span> Discovering the Relationship between Teaching Creativity and Creative Writing in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Humaira%20Irfan%20Khan">Humaira Irfan Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper explores teaching of creative writing in Pakistani classroom. The data collected from the questionnaire and focus group interview with a large public sector university’s Master of Arts in English students, who are also in-service school teachers, discovers that English teachers in Pakistan do not teach to develop the creative writing of pupils. The findings show that English teachers can define creative writing but are confused about strategies needed in rousing learners’ interest in creative writing. The teachers make their students memorise compositions from the textbooks to be reproduced in class. English teachers must be encouraged and trained to engage in activities that are essential for enhancing creative writing in schools. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creative%20writing" title="creative writing">creative writing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20creative%20writing" title=" teaching creative writing"> teaching creative writing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textbooks" title=" textbooks"> textbooks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22332/discovering-the-relationship-between-teaching-creativity-and-creative-writing-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22332.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">887</span> Analysis of Various Copy Move Image Forgery Techniques for Better Detection Accuracy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grishma%20D.%20Solanki">Grishma D. Solanki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karshan%20Kandoriya"> Karshan Kandoriya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In modern era of information age, digitalization has revolutionized like never before. Powerful computers, advanced photo editing software packages and high resolution capturing devices have made manipulation of digital images incredibly easy. As per as image forensics concerns, one of the most actively researched area are detection of copy move forgeries. Higher computational complexity is one of the major component of existing techniques to detect such tampering. Moreover, copy move forgery is usually performed in three steps. First, copying of a region in an image then pasting the same one in the same respective image and finally doing some post-processing like rotation, scaling, shift, noise, etc. Consequently, pseudo Zernike moment is used as a features extraction method for matching image blocks and as a primary factor on which performance of detection algorithms depends. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copy-move%20image%20forgery" title="copy-move image forgery">copy-move image forgery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20forensics" title=" digital forensics"> digital forensics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20forensics" title=" image forensics"> image forensics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20forgery" title=" image forgery"> image forgery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49539/analysis-of-various-copy-move-image-forgery-techniques-for-better-detection-accuracy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49539.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">886</span> Using Focused Free-Writing to Help English to Speakers of Other Languages Students Generate Ideas for Critical, Academic Writing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ratnawati%20Mohd%20Asraf">Ratnawati Mohd Asraf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabreena%20Ahmed"> Sabreena Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes how the method of focused freewriting can be used to help teachers to foster critical thinking through writing. In this study, we used focused freewriting during the pre-writing stage of our writing course to help our English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) students to generate ideas and to think critically about the issues they were to write on. In each of the four classes where we applied this technique, we used pictures or videos to stimulate their thinking during the prewriting stage of writing and then asked them to write non-stop for ten minutes about whatever that came to their minds as a result of being presented with these prompts. We then asked them to focus on the themes that emerged from their brief writing. Using observations, in-depth interviews, and an analysis of their brief essays, our study found that focused freewriting helped our students to generate ideas and think critically about the issues they were writing on. We postulate that by using focused freewriting and discussions during the prewriting stage of writing, instructors can help their students to think critically about various issues and facilitate their efforts at organising their arguments for critical, academic essays. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20writing" title="academic writing">academic writing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20writing" title=" critical writing"> critical writing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20thinking" title=" critical thinking"> critical thinking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=focused%20free-writing" title=" focused free-writing"> focused free-writing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-writing" title=" pre-writing"> pre-writing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100302/using-focused-free-writing-to-help-english-to-speakers-of-other-languages-students-generate-ideas-for-critical-academic-writing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100302.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">885</span> Technology Impact in Learning and Teaching English Language Writing </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20Naka">Laura Naka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The invention of computer writing programs has changed the way of teaching second language writing. This artificial intelligence engine can provide students with feedback on their essays, on their grammatical and spelling errors, convenient writing and editing tools to facilitate student’s writing process. However, it is not yet proved if this technology is helping students to improve their writing skills. There are several programs that are of great assistance for students concerning their writing skills. New technology provides students with different software programs which enable them to be more creative, to express their opinions and ideas in words, pictures and sounds, but at the end main and most correct feedback should be given by their teachers. No matter how new technology affects in writing skills, always comes from their teachers. This research will try to present some of the advantages and disadvantages that new technology has in writing process for students. The research takes place in the University of Gjakova ‘’Fehmi Agani’’ Faculty of Education-Preschool Program. The research aims to provide random sample response by using questionnaires and observation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20language%20learning" title="English language learning">English language learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology" title=" technology"> technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20writing" title=" academic writing"> academic writing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20L2." title=" teaching L2."> teaching L2.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22239/technology-impact-in-learning-and-teaching-english-language-writing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22239.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">571</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">884</span> Learners’ Reactions to Writing Activities in an Elementary Algebra Classroom</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Early%20Sol%20A.%20Gadong">Early Sol A. Gadong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lourdes%20C.%20Zamora"> Lourdes C. Zamora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonny%20B.%20Pornel"> Jonny B. Pornel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aurora%20Fe%20C.%20Bautista"> Aurora Fe C. Bautista</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Various research has shown that writing allows students to engage in metacognition and provides them with a venue to communicate their disposition towards what they are learning. However, few studies have explored students’ feelings about the incorporation of such writing activities in their mathematics classes. Through reflection sheets, group discussions, and interviews, this mixed-methods study explored students’ perceptions and insights on supplementary writing activities in their Elementary Algebra class. Findings revealed that while students generally have a positive regard for writing activities, they have conflicting views about how writing activities can help them in their learning. A big majority contend that writing activities can enhance the learning of mathematical content and attitudes towards mathematics if they allow students to explore and synthesize what they have learned and reflected on their emotional disposition towards mathematics. Also, gender does not appear to play a significant role in students’ reactions to writing activities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=writing%20in%20math" title="writing in math">writing in math</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metacognition" title=" metacognition"> metacognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=affective%20factors%20in%20learning" title=" affective factors in learning"> affective factors in learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elementary%20algebra%20classroom" title=" elementary algebra classroom"> elementary algebra classroom</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17578/learners-reactions-to-writing-activities-in-an-elementary-algebra-classroom" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17578.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">883</span> Codifying the Creative Self: Conflicts of Theory and Content in Creative Writing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danielle%20L.%20Iamarino">Danielle L. Iamarino</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper explores the embattled territory of academic creative writing—and most focally, the use of critical theory in the teaching and structuring of creative practice. It places creative writing in contemporary social, cultural, and otherwise anthropological contexts, and evaluates conventional creative writing pedagogies based on how well they serve the updated needs of increasingly diverse student congregations. With continued emphasis on student-centered learning, this paper compares theoretical to practical applications of discipline-specific knowledge, examining and critiquing theory in terms of its relevance, accessibility, and whether or not it is both actionable and beneficial in the creative writing classroom. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creative%20writing" title="creative writing">creative writing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literary%20theory" title=" literary theory"> literary theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=content" title=" content"> content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedagogy" title=" pedagogy"> pedagogy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workshop" title=" workshop"> workshop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching" title=" teaching"> teaching</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13983/codifying-the-creative-self-conflicts-of-theory-and-content-in-creative-writing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13983.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">882</span> An Efficient Clustering Technique for Copy-Paste Attack Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Chaitawittanun">N. Chaitawittanun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Munlin"> M. Munlin </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to rapid advancement of powerful image processing software, digital images are easy to manipulate and modify by ordinary people. Lots of digital images are edited for a specific purpose and more difficult to distinguish form their original ones. We propose a clustering method to detect a copy-move image forgery of JPEG, BMP, TIFF, and PNG. The process starts with reducing the color of the photos. Then, we use the clustering technique to divide information of measuring data by Hausdorff Distance. The result shows that the purposed methods is capable of inspecting the image file and correctly identify the forgery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20detection" title="image detection">image detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forgery%20image" title=" forgery image"> forgery image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copy-paste" title=" copy-paste"> copy-paste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attack%20detection" title=" attack detection"> attack detection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1346/an-efficient-clustering-technique-for-copy-paste-attack-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1346.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">881</span> Positive Politeness in Writing Centre Consultations with an Emphasis on Praise</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Avasha%20Rambiritch">Avasha Rambiritch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adelia%20Carstens"> Adelia Carstens</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In especially the context of a writing center, learning takes place during, and as part of, the conversations between the writing center tutor and the student. This interaction or dialogue is an integral part of writing center research and is the focus of this largely qualitative study, employing a politeness lens. While there is some research on positive politeness strategies employed by writing center tutors, there is very little research on specifically praising as a positive politeness strategy. This study attempts to fill this gap by analyzing a corpus of 10 video-recorded consultations to determine how tutors in a writing center utilize the positive politeness strategy of praise. Findings indicate that while tutors exploit a range of politeness strategies, praise is used more often than any other strategy. The research indicates that praise as a politeness strategy is utilized significantly more when commenting on higher-order concerns, as in line with the writing center literature. The benefits of this study include insights into how such analyses can be used to better prepare and equip the tutors (usually postgraduate students appointed as part-time tutors in the writing center) for the work they do on a daily basis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=writing%20center" title="writing center">writing center</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20writing" title=" academic writing"> academic writing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=positive%20politeness" title=" positive politeness"> positive politeness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tutor" title=" tutor"> tutor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135646/positive-politeness-in-writing-centre-consultations-with-an-emphasis-on-praise" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135646.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">214</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">880</span> Effectiveness of a Traits Cooperative Learning on Developing Writing Achievement and Composition among Teacher Candidates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelaziz%20Hussien">Abdelaziz Hussien</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article reports investigations of a study into the effectiveness of a traits cooperative learning (TCL) on teacher candidates’ writing achievement, composition, and attitudes towards traits of writing approach and small group learning. Mixed methodologies were used with the participants in a repeated measures quasi-experimental design. Forty-two class teacher candidates, enrolled in the Bahrain Teachers College, completed the pre and post author-developed measures. The results suggest that TCL has a positive effect on the participants’ writing achievement, composition, and attitudes towards traits of writing approach, but not on the attitudes towards small group learning. Further implications to teacher education are presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trait-based%20language%20education" title="trait-based language education">trait-based language education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooperative%20learning" title=" cooperative learning"> cooperative learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=writing%20achievement" title=" writing achievement"> writing achievement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=writing%20composition" title=" writing composition"> writing composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traits%20of%20writing" title=" traits of writing"> traits of writing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%20education" title=" teacher education "> teacher education </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102335/effectiveness-of-a-traits-cooperative-learning-on-developing-writing-achievement-and-composition-among-teacher-candidates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102335.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">879</span> Development of a Rating Scale for Elementary EFL Writing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20S.%20Assiri">Mohammed S. Assiri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In EFL programs, rating scales used in writing assessment are often constructed by intuition. Intuition-based scales tend to provide inaccurate and divisive ratings of learners’ writing performance. Hence, following an empirical approach, this study attempted to develop a rating scale for elementary-level writing at an EFL program in Saudi Arabia. Towards this goal, 98 students’ essays were scored and then coded using comprehensive taxonomy of writing constructs and their measures. An automatic linear modeling was run to find out which measures would best predict essay scores. A nonparametric ANOVA, the Kruskal-Wallis test, was then used to determine which measures could best differentiate among scoring levels. Findings indicated that there were certain measures that could serve as either good predictors of essay scores or differentiators among scoring levels, or both. The main conclusion was that a rating scale can be empirically developed using predictive and discriminative statistical tests. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytic%20scoring" title="analytic scoring">analytic scoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rating%20scales" title=" rating scales"> rating scales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=writing%20assessment" title=" writing assessment"> writing assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=writing%20constructs" title=" writing constructs"> writing constructs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=writing%20performance" title=" writing performance"> writing performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16785/development-of-a-rating-scale-for-elementary-efl-writing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16785.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">463</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">878</span> Design and Realization of Social Responsibility Report Writing System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hao%20Qin">Hao Qin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes a guiding tool for companies to write social responsibility report by developing an applicable writing system based on analysis of its functional requirements, writing indicators and roles. The system’s operation and results concerned will be demonstrated as well. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20responsibility" title="social responsibility">social responsibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=report%20writing" title=" report writing"> report writing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system" title=" system"> system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20and%20realization" title=" design and realization"> design and realization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43610/design-and-realization-of-social-responsibility-report-writing-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43610.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">877</span> The Writing Eight Exercise and Its Impact on Kindergartners</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karima%20Merchant">Karima Merchant</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of the Writing Eight Exercise, an exercise from the Brain Integration Therapy, with Kindergartners who are struggling with writing tasks in school. With the help of this exercise, children were able to cross the midline, an invisible line running from our brain to our feet, which separates the body’s right from left. Crossing the midline integrates the brain hemispheres, thus encouraging bilateral movement. The study was spread over 15 weeks where the children were required to do the Writing Eight Exercise 4 times a week. The data collection methods included observations, student work samples and feedback from teachers and parents. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the Writing Eight Exercise had a positive impact on students’ approach towards writing tasks, letter formation, and fine motor skills. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crossing%20the%20midline" title="crossing the midline">crossing the midline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fine%20motor%20skills" title=" fine motor skills"> fine motor skills</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=letter%20formation" title=" letter formation"> letter formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=writing" title=" writing"> writing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64184/the-writing-eight-exercise-and-its-impact-on-kindergartners" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64184.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">460</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">876</span> Research Writing Anxiety among Engineering Postgraduate Students in Taiwan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mei-Ching%20Ho">Mei-Ching Ho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Graduate-level writing practices have gained increasing scholarly attention in recent years. Due to its discipline-specific conventions and requirements, research writing can cause various levels of anxiety for native English speaking and English as a second/foreign language (ESL/EFL) postgraduate students. Although many studies have investigated how writing anxiety can negatively affect writing performance, self-efficacy, and disciplinary discourse socialization process, relatively few have examined the impact of writing anxiety from the perspectives of postgraduate students in EFL contexts. This study aims to 1) examine the level of and the relationship between research writing anxiety and self-efficacy among Taiwanese EFL students at the master's and doctoral levels and 2) to uncover the causes of students' research writing anxiety. The data was collected from an adapted version of Second Language Writing Anxiety Inventory (SLWAI) and Research Writing Self-Efficacy Scale with 218 EFL graduate students in engineering-related fields at two research-oriented universities in Taiwan. A pilot study was conducted to ensure the construct and content validity of the instruments. Semi-structured interviews were also undertaken with 30 survey respondents to better understand the causes of their writing anxiety. The results revealed that while both master's and doctoral students had low to moderate research writing anxiety and self-efficacy, the doctoral students with more experiences in writing research papers in English were more anxious but not necessarily more confident than the master's students. A significantly weak negative correlation was found between the two constructs. The contributing factors for these results include different degree of writing exigency, perceived importance and types of writing tasks, writing for publication as graduation thresholds, and mentoring relationship with thesis/dissertation advisers. The study also identified several causes of graduate-level writing anxiety, of which writing under time constraints and concern on linguistic and rhetorical proficiency appeared to be the major concern. Pedagogical implications regarding facilitating graduate students' writing process and reducing anxiety will also be drawn. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=writing%20affect" title="writing affect">writing affect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=writing%20anxiety" title=" writing anxiety"> writing anxiety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=writing%20self-efficacy" title=" writing self-efficacy"> writing self-efficacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EFL" title=" EFL"> EFL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postgraduate%20students" title=" postgraduate students"> postgraduate students</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21343/research-writing-anxiety-among-engineering-postgraduate-students-in-taiwan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21343.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">484</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">875</span> English Writing Anxiety in Debate Writing among Japanese Senior High School EFL Learners: Sources, Effects and Implication</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Lita%20Sudo">Maria Lita Sudo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The debate is an effective tool in cultivating critical thinking skills in English classes. It involves writing evidence-based arguments about a resolution in a form of constructive speech and oral discussion using constructive speech, which will then be attacked and defended. In the process of writing, EFL learners may experience anxiety, an emotional problem that affects writing achievement and cognitive processing. Thus, this study explored the sources and effect of English writing anxiety in the context of debate writing with a view to providing EFL teachers pedagogical suggestions in alleviating English writing anxiety in debate writing. The participants of this study are 95 Japanese senior high school EFL learners and 3 Japanese senior high school English teachers. In selecting the participants, opportunity sampling was employed and consent from Japanese English teachers was sought. Data were collected thru (1) observation (2) open-ended questionnaire and (3) semi-structured interview. This study revealed that not all teachers of English in the context of this study recognize the existence of English writing anxiety among their students and that the very nature of the debate, in general, may also be a source of English writing anxiety in the context of debate writing. The interview revealed that English writing anxiety affects students’ ability to retrieve L2 vocabulary. Further, this study revealed different sources of writing anxiety in debate writing, which can be categorized into four main categories: (1) L2 linguistic ability-related factors (2) instructional –related factors, (3) interpersonal-related factors, and (4) debate- related factors. Based on the findings, recommendations for EFL teachers and EFL learners in managing writing anxiety in debate writing are provided. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=debate" title="debate">debate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EFL%20learners" title=" EFL learners"> EFL learners</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20writing%20anxiety" title=" English writing anxiety"> English writing anxiety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sources" title=" sources"> sources</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114901/english-writing-anxiety-in-debate-writing-among-japanese-senior-high-school-efl-learners-sources-effects-and-implication" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114901.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">874</span> An Overview of College English Writing Teaching Studies in China Between 2002 and 2022: Visualization Analysis Based on CiteSpace</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Yiting">Yang Yiting</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper employs CiteSpace to conduct a visualiazation analysis of literature on college English writing teaching researches published in core journals from the CNKI database and CSSCI journals between 2002 and 2022. It aims to explore the characteristics of researches and future directions on college English writing teaching. The present study yielded the following major findings: the field primarily focuses on innovative writing teaching models and methods, the integration of traditional classroom teaching and information technology, and instructional strategies to enhance students' writing skills. The future research is anticipated to involve a hybrid writing teaching approach combining online and offline teaching methods, leveraging the "Internet+" digital platform, aiming to elevate students' writing proficiency. This paper also presents a prospective outlook for college English writing teaching research in China. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citespace" title="citespace">citespace</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=college%20English" title=" college English"> college English</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=writing%20teaching" title=" writing teaching"> writing teaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visualization%20analysis" title=" visualization analysis"> visualization analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173765/an-overview-of-college-english-writing-teaching-studies-in-china-between-2002-and-2022-visualization-analysis-based-on-citespace" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173765.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">873</span> Copywriting and the Creative Edge</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dandeswar%20Bisoyi">Dandeswar Bisoyi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Preeti%20Yadav"> Preeti Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Utpal%20Barua"> Utpal Barua</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study address particular way that verbal information can affect the processing of positive and interesting qualities which help in making the brand attractive to the consumer. Also, it address the development of a communication strategy which is a very important part of the marketing plan we have to take into account many factors. Out of all the product strengths, the strategy has to outline one marked differential which will drive our brand. This is the fundamental base on which the entire creative strategy will be big idea-based. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copy%20writing" title="copy writing">copy writing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advertisement" title=" advertisement"> advertisement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marketing" title=" marketing"> marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=branding" title=" branding"> branding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recall" title=" recall"> recall</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24121/copywriting-and-the-creative-edge" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24121.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">582</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">872</span> The Influence of Collaboration on Individual Writing Quality: The Case of Iranian vs. Malaysian Freshers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Yasin%20Yazdi-Amirkhiz">Seyed Yasin Yazdi-Amirkhiz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azirah%20Hashim"> Azirah Hashim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study purported to comparatively investigate the influence of collaborative writing on the quality of individual writing of four female Iranian and four female Malaysian students. The first semester students at a private university in Malaysia, who were homogeneous in terms of age, gender, study discipline, and language proficiency, were divided into two Iranian and two Malaysian dyads. The dyads performed collaborative writing tasks for 15 sessions; after three consecutive collaborative writing sessions, each participant was asked to individually attempt a writing task. Both collaborative and individual writing tasks comprised isomorphic graphic prompts (IELTS Academic Module task 1). Writing quality of the five individually-produced texts during the study was scored in terms of task achievement (TA), cohesion/coherence (C/C), grammatical range/accuracy (GR/A), and lexical resources (LR). The findings indicated a hierarchy of development in TA and C/C among all the students, while LR showed minor improvement only among three of Malaysian students, and GR/A barely exhibited any progress among all the participants. Intermittent progressions and regressions were also discerned in the trajectory of their writing development. The findings are discussed in the light of the socio-cultural and emergentist perspectives, the typology of tasks used as well as the role of the participants’ level of language proficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collaborative%20writing" title="collaborative writing">collaborative writing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=writing%20quality" title=" writing quality"> writing quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=individual%20writing" title=" individual writing"> individual writing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collaboration" title=" collaboration"> collaboration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12786/the-influence-of-collaboration-on-individual-writing-quality-the-case-of-iranian-vs-malaysian-freshers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12786.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">458</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">871</span> New Features for Copy-Move Image Forgery Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Zimba">Michael Zimba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A novel set of features for copy-move image forgery, CMIF, detection method is proposed. The proposed set presents a new approach which relies on electrostatic field theory, EFT. Solely for the purpose of reducing the dimension of a suspicious image, firstly performs discrete wavelet transform, DWT, of the suspicious image and extracts only the approximation subband. The extracted subband is then bijectively mapped onto a virtual electrostatic field where concepts of EFT are utilised to extract robust features. The extracted features are shown to be invariant to additive noise, JPEG compression, and affine transformation. The proposed features can also be used in general object matching. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20electrostatic%20field" title="virtual electrostatic field">virtual electrostatic field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=features" title=" features"> features</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=affine%20transformation" title=" affine transformation"> affine transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copy-move%20image%20forgery" title=" copy-move image forgery"> copy-move image forgery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29604/new-features-for-copy-move-image-forgery-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29604.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">543</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">870</span> Shakespeare’s Sister and the Crisis of Women’s Autonomy: A Critical Analysis of a Room of One’s Own</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Mohammadi">Ali Mohammadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explored the root causes of women's lack of writing in literature by digging into Virginia Woolf's A Room of One’s Own. Virginia Woolf was the pioneer of feminist literary criticism in the 20th century. She was hugely preoccupied, throughout her writing life, with the role of women in history and with the relationship between women and fiction. Besides, she wrote continuously about the difficulties of women's writing and of writing as a woman. This research aims to mirror a number of key arguments concerning women’s issues: the social and economic conditions necessary for writing; the problem of a tradition of women's writing; the concept of a 'female sentence' articulating women's voices and values and the idea of the androgynous aesthetic in which an author would be able to write free from an awareness of their sex as male or female. Woolf was very wary of making any definitive assertions about women's writing, or at least in terms of its style or form. Indeed, much of the essay is taken up with her reflections on the lack of women's writing over the history of English literature. It was concluded that the reason for this absence of female writing does not just spring from the deficiency of genius, but of material circumstances and facilities. Additionally, the demands of the domestic household, the poverty of education available to women, and the laws that denied married women’s ownership of funds or property made it virtually impossible for women to take up writing as a profession. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomy" title="autonomy">autonomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facilities" title=" facilities"> facilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genius" title=" genius"> genius</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literature" title=" literature"> literature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women" title=" women"> women</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132278/shakespeares-sister-and-the-crisis-of-womens-autonomy-a-critical-analysis-of-a-room-of-ones-own" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132278.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">869</span> A Practical Guide to Collaborative Writing Assignments as a Pedagogical Technique in Higher Education Implemented in an Economics Course</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahia%20Braktia">Bahia Braktia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belkacem%20Braktia"> Belkacem Braktia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Collaborative writing is now an established pedagogical technique in higher education. Since most educators do not have training in the design, execution, and evaluation of writing assignments, implementing such tasks has proven difficult. This paper firstly proposes a framework for a collaborative writing assignment based on a literature study and adopting a writing-to-learn concept. It then describes the research undertaken and shows how this framework is implemented in an economics course, at an Algerian university, with undergraduate students. Finally, using a mixed methods design, it examines the students’ perceptions of what they have learned about collaborative writing. Preliminary results show that group assignments will always be a challenge, but with careful planning and structure, a collaborative writing assignment can be used effectively to help students improve their analytical and critical thinking abilities, research and group work skills, as well as writing proficiency. Students have a positive experience of working in a team and identified a wide variety of different team skills that they have learned through the process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collaborative%20writing" title="collaborative writing">collaborative writing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=research%20assignment" title=" research assignment"> research assignment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=students%E2%80%99%20perception" title=" students’ perception"> students’ perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=survey" title=" survey"> survey</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84573/a-practical-guide-to-collaborative-writing-assignments-as-a-pedagogical-technique-in-higher-education-implemented-in-an-economics-course" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84573.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">203</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">868</span> Using Blackboard to Enhance Academic Writing Classes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laurence%20Craven">Laurence Craven</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Academic writing is one of the most important class a freshman will take, as it provides the skill needed to formulate an academic essay in any discipline. Written assignments are the most common form of assessment in higher education and thus it is of paramount importance for students to master the skill of academic writing. This presentation aims to give practitioners multiple ways to enhance their academic writing classes using the Blackboard environment, with a view to improving student performance. The presentation will include ways to improve assessment and give corrective feedback. It will also provide ideas on how to increase variety in teaching lessons, assigning homework and on organizing materials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20writing" title="academic writing">academic writing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assessment" title=" assessment"> assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-learning" title=" e-learning"> e-learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology" title=" technology"> technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41426/using-blackboard-to-enhance-academic-writing-classes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41426.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">867</span> The Comparative Effect of Practicing Self-Assessment and Critical Thinking Skills on EFL Learners’ Writing Ability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behdokht%20Mall-Amiri">Behdokht Mall-Amiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Farzaminejad"> Sara Farzaminejad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of the present study was to discover which of the two writing activities, a self-assessment questioner or a critical thinking skills handout, is more effective on Iranian EFL learners’ writing ability. To fulfill the purpose of the study, a sample of 120 undergraduate students of English SAT for a standardized sample of PET. Eighty-two students whose scores fell one standard deviation above and below the sample mean were selected and randomly divided into two equal groups. One group practiced self-assessment and the other group practiced critical thinking skills while they were learning process writing. A writing posttest was finally administered to the students in both groups and the mean rank scores were compared by t-test. The result led to the rejection of the null hypothesis, indicating that practicing critical thinking skills had a significantly higher effect on the writing ability. The implications of the study for students and teachers as well as course book designers are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=writing%20ability" title="writing ability">writing ability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20writing" title=" process writing"> process writing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20thinking%20skills" title=" critical thinking skills"> critical thinking skills</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-assessment" title=" self-assessment"> self-assessment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11143/the-comparative-effect-of-practicing-self-assessment-and-critical-thinking-skills-on-efl-learners-writing-ability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11143.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">336</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">866</span> Correction of Frequent English Writing Errors by Using Coded Indirect Corrective Feedback and Error Treatment: The Case of Reading and Writing English for Academic Purposes II</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaiwat%20Tantarangsee">Chaiwat Tantarangsee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purposes of this study are 1) to study the frequent English writing errors of students registering the course: Reading and Writing English for Academic Purposes II, and 2) to find out the results of writing error correction by using coded indirect corrective feedback and writing error treatments. Samples include 28 2nd year English Major students, Faculty of Education, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University. Tool for experimental study includes the lesson plan of the course; Reading and Writing English for Academic Purposes II, and tool for data collection includes 4 writing tests of short texts. The research findings disclose that frequent English writing errors found in this course comprise 7 types of grammatical errors, namely Fragment sentence, Subject-verb agreement, Wrong form of verb tense, Singular or plural noun endings, Run-ons sentence, Wrong form of verb pattern and Lack of parallel structure. Moreover, it is found that the results of writing error correction by using coded indirect corrective feedback and error treatment reveal the overall reduction of the frequent English writing errors and the increase of students’ achievement in the writing of short texts with the significance at .05. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coded%20indirect%20corrective%20feedback" title="coded indirect corrective feedback">coded indirect corrective feedback</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=error%20correction" title=" error correction"> error correction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=error%20treatment" title=" error treatment"> error treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20writing" title=" English writing"> English writing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12169/correction-of-frequent-english-writing-errors-by-using-coded-indirect-corrective-feedback-and-error-treatment-the-case-of-reading-and-writing-english-for-academic-purposes-ii" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12169.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">305</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">865</span> The Differential Role of Written Corrective Feedback in L2 Students’ Noticing and Its Impact on Writing Scores</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20ElEbyary">Khaled ElEbyary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramy%20Shabara"> Ramy Shabara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> L2 research has generally acknowledged the role of noticing in language learning. The role of teacher feedback is to trigger learners’ noticing of errors and direct the writing process. Recently L2 learners are seemingly using computerized applications which provide corrective feedback (CF) at different stages of writing (i.e., during and after writing). This study aimed principally to answer the question, “Is noticing likely to be maximized when feedback on erroneous output is electronically provided either during or after the composing stage, or does teacher annotated feedback have a stronger effect?”. Seventy-five participants were randomly distributed into four groups representing four conditions. These include receiving automated feedback at the composing stage, automated feedback after writing, teacher feedback, and no feedback. Findings demonstrate the impact of CF on writing and the intensity of noticing certain language areas at different writing stages and from different feedback sources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=written%20corrective%20feedback" title="written corrective feedback">written corrective feedback</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=error%20correction" title=" error correction"> error correction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noticing" title=" noticing"> noticing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automated%20written%20corrective%20feedback" title=" automated written corrective feedback"> automated written corrective feedback</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L2%20acquisition" title=" L2 acquisition"> L2 acquisition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166316/the-differential-role-of-written-corrective-feedback-in-l2-students-noticing-and-its-impact-on-writing-scores" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166316.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">864</span> Examining Whether the Reflection Activities Help and Encourage Students’ Writing and Critical Thinking Skills Within the Law faculty, 3rd year students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Motlatjo%20Ntatamala">Motlatjo Ntatamala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natasha%20Ravyse"> Natasha Ravyse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Laubsher"> Michael Laubsher</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As much as students are being assessed through reflective activities, it is important to examine and check if those very same activities really assist in influencing and shaping both their writing and critical thinking skills. The skills which students will acquire from the reflective activities will not only be beneficial for the present or immediate moment, but they will also carry them over to their 4th year of writing a mini dissertation and in future for those who would want to explore their post-graduate studies. Thus, the only way to source the reliable and raw feedback on whether students think the reflective activities help them think about their writing and critical thinking skills is to get a direct students’ perspective by analysing their submitted reflective activities. Writing a research proposal implies that critical thinking is a talent that will grow in a holistic manner, as evidenced by previous studies. However, no research has been conducted to investigate the impact of critical thinking on legal writing skills in the South African setting. This study seeks to examine the effectiveness of the reflective activities in 3rd years’ students’ writing and towards their critical thinking. The proposed paper aims to examine the effectiveness of the reflection activities as an encouragement and motivation to their both writing and thinking skills. The paper will make use of students’ activities as a means of data collection and the activities will thus be analysed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reflection%20activities" title="reflection activities">reflection activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=writing%20skills" title=" writing skills"> writing skills</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20thinking%20skills" title=" critical thinking skills"> critical thinking skills</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reflective%20thinking" title=" reflective thinking"> reflective thinking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170709/examining-whether-the-reflection-activities-help-and-encourage-students-writing-and-critical-thinking-skills-within-the-law-faculty-3rd-year-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a 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