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Lebaran Ketupat dan Tradisi Masyarakat Jawa | NU Online
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href="/web/20190617113148/http://www.nu.or.id/indeks">Indeks</a></li></ul></nav> </div> </div> <!--div class="header-cat"> <div class="container"> <nav class="sub-cat"> </nav> </div> </div!--> </header> <input type="hidden" id="sosName" value="NU Online"> <input type="hidden" id="sosPic" value="http://www.nu.or.id/o-images/imageContent.php?cl=nu_or_id&assets=pictures&cnt=post&type=mid&files=15602230815cff1d69b83ca.jpg"> <input type="hidden" id="realURL" value="http://www.nu.or.id/post/read/39434/lebaran-ketupat-dan-tradisi-masyarakat-jawa"> <input type="hidden" id="sosDesc" value="Oleh : Dito Alif Pratama Idul Fitri merupakan momentum suci nan agung, Umat Islam di seluruh"> <section class="m-t-10"> <div class="container arsip"> <div class="content-710"> <div class="s-title"><h1>Lebaran Ketupat dan Tradisi Masyarakat Jawa</h1></div> <div class="s-info"> Selasa, 11 Juni 2019 11:00 <span class="right"><a href="/web/20190617113148/http://www.nu.or.id/post/62/opini/" class="cat"><i 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</p> </div> <div id="konten_detil" style="z-index:2;"> <div> <div class="s-foto" style="position: relative;"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190617113148im_/http://www.nu.or.id/o-client/nu_or_id/pictures/post/big/15602230815cff1d69b83ca.jpg" alt="Lebaran Ketupat dan Tradisi Masyarakat Jawa" style="width:100%;"> </div> <div class="s-post"><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Oleh Dito Alif Pratama</span><br></p> <p>Idul Fitri merupakan momentum suci nan agung. Umat Islam di seluruh penjuru Tanah Air tentunya memiliki cara tersendiri untuk menyambut datangnya hari kemenangan tersebut, begitupun masyarakat Jawa yang terbiasa melaksanakan Lebaran ketupat, yang kerap dianggap sebagai pelengkap hari kemenangan.<br><br>Masyarakat Jawa umumnya mengenal dua kali pelaksanaan Lebaran, yaitu Idul Fitri dan Lebaran ketupat. Idul Fitri dilaksanakan tepat pada tanggal 1 Syawal, sedangkan Lebaran ketupat adalah satu minggu setelahnya (8 Syawal). Tradisi Lebaran ketupat diselenggarakan pada hari ke delapan bulan Syawal setelah menyelesaikan puasa Syawal selama 6 hari. Hal ini berdasarkan sunnah Nabi Muhammad SAW yang menganjurkan umat Islam untuk berpuasa sunnah 6 Hari di bulan Syawal.<br><br>Dalam sejarahnya, Lebaran ketupat pertama kali diperkenalkan oleh Sunan Kalijaga, saat itu, beliau memperkenalkan dua istilah <em>Bakda </em>kepada masyarakat Jawa, <em>Bakda </em>Lebaran dan <em>Bakda Kupat</em>. <em>Bakda </em>Lebaran dipahami dengan prosesi pelaksanaan shalat Ied satu Syawal hingga tradisi saling kunjung dan memaafkan sesama muslim, sedangkan <em>Bakda </em>Kupat dimulai seminggu sesudah Lebaran. Pada hari itu, masyarakat muslim Jawa umumnya membuat ketupat, yaitu jenis makanan yang dibuat dari beras yang dimasukkan ke dalam anyaman daun kelapa (janur) yang dibuat berbentuk kantong, kemudian dimasak.. Setelah masak, ketupat tersebut diantarkan ke kerabat terdekat dan kepada mereka yang lebih tua, sebagai simbol kebersamaan dan lambang kasih sayang.<br><br>Dalam tradisi masyarakat Jawa, terdapat aneka macam bentuk ketupat yang dimiliki tiap-tiap daerah yang juga memiliki arti dan maksud tersendiri. Sebut aja ketupat Bawang khas Madura, ketupat ini berbentuk persegi empat dan dianggap sebagai ketupat penyedap, sebagaimana bumbu masak berupa bawang. Juga ada Ketupat Glabed yang dipopulerkan oleh masyarakat Tegal, Kupat glabed adalah ketupat yang dimakan dengan kuah berwarna kuning kental. Sedangkan penamaan ketupat ini pun berasal dari ucapan orang Tegal yang mengekspresikan kekentalan kuah ketupat tersebut dengan istilah Glabed-glabed-glabed!. Juga ada Ketupat Bebanci khas Betawi, Sesuai dengan namanya, ketupat bebanci adalah masakan dengan unsur utamanya adalah ketupat. Ketupat ini disantap dengan kuah santan berisi daging sapi dan diberi aneka bumbu seperti kemiri, bawang merah, bawang putih, cabai, dan rempah-rempah.<br><br><strong>Filosofi Ketupat</strong><br><br>Penggunaan istilah ketupat dalam Lebaran ketupat tentu bukan tanpa filosofi yang mendasarinya, Kata “ketupat” atau “kupat” berasal dari istilah bahasa Jawa yaitu <em>“ngaku lepat”</em> (Mengakui Kesalahan) dan <em>laku papat</em> (empat tindakan).<br><br>Prosesi <em>ngaku lepat</em> umumnya diimplementasikan dengan tradisi sungkeman, yaitu seorang anak bersimpuh dan memohon maaf di hadapan orangtuanya. Dengan begitu, kita diajak untuk memahami arti pentingnya menghormati orang tua, tidak angkuh dan tidak sombong kepada mereka serta senantiasa mengharap ridho dan bimbinganya. Ini merupakan sebuah bukti cinta dan kasih sayang seorang anak kepada orang tuanya begitupun orang tua kepada anaknya.<br><br>Prosesi <em>ngaku lepat</em> pun tidak hanya berkutat pada tradisi sungkeman seorang anak kepada orang tua, lebih jauh lagi adalah memohon maaf kepada tetangga, kerabat dekat maupun jauh hingga masyarakat muslim lainya, dengan begitu umat Islam dituntun untuk mau mengakui kesalahan dan saling memaafkan dengan penuh keikhlasan yang disimbolkan dengan ketupat tersebut. Ketupat menjadi simbol “maaf” bagi masyarakat Jawa, yaitu ketika seseorang berkunjung ke rumah kerabatnya nantinya mereka akan disuguhkan ketupat dan diminta untuk memakannya, apabila ketupat tersebut dimakan secara otomatis pintu maaf telah dibuka dan segala salah dan khilaf antar keduanya terhapus.<br><br>Untuk istilah laku papat (empat tindakan), masyarakat Jawa mengartikanya dengan empat istilah, yaitu <em>lebaran, luberan, leburan, dan laburan.</em><br><br><em>Lebaran </em>berarti akhir dan usai, yaitu menandakan telah berakhirnya waktu puasa Ramadhan dan siap menyongsong hari kemenangan. Sedangkan <em>Luberan </em>bermakna meluber atau melimpah, layaknya air yang tumpah dan meluber dari bak air. Pesan moral yang dihendak disampaikan dari <em>luberan</em> adalah budaya mau berbagi dan mengeluarkan sebagian harta yang lebih <em>(luber)</em> kepada fakir miskin, dengan begitu akan membahagiakan para fakir miskin dan diharapkan angka mengikis angka kemiskinan yang ada di negara kita. Adapun <em>Leburan</em> berarti habis dan melebur. Yaitu momen untuk saling melebur dosa dengan saling memaafkan satu sama lain, dengan kata lain dosa kita dengan sesama dimulai dari Nol kembali. Yang terakhir adalah <em>Laburan </em>yang berasal dari kata <em>labur</em> atau kapur. Kapur merupakan zat padat berwarna putih yang juga bisa menjernihkan zat cair, dari ini <em>Laburan</em> dipahami bahwa hati seorang muslim haruslah kembali jernih nan putih layaknya sebuah kapur. Karena itu merupakan simbol kejernihan dan kesucian hati yang sebenarnya.<br><br>Demikian pesan moral yang hendak disampaikan Lebaran ketupat kepada umat Islam, yang semuanya diyakini merupakan tuntunan yang luhur untuk bagaimana menajdi pribadi yang baik dan luhur di kemudian hari. Ada istilah ‘sayur tanpa garam akan terasa hambar” Demikian kiranya masyarakat Jawa memaknai Idul Fitri tanpa Lebaran ketupat, lebaran ketupat merupakan tradisi baik yang telah lama mengakar kuat dalam benak masyarakat muslim Jawa. Harapanya tradisi yang telah lama terjaga ini tetap bisa dilestarikan, dengan begitu mampu menjadi salah satu budaya keislaman yang tidak punah dari tanah jawa. Amin. Selamat Berlebaran Ketupat 1433 H.<br></p><p><br><em>Penulis adalah pemerhati sosial keagamaan di Farabi Institute IAIN Walisongo Semarang, alumnus Pondok Modern Assalam Sukabumi</em></p><p><em><br></em></p><p>:::::</p><p><p></p></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: " helvetica neue", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: italic;">Catatan: Naskah ini terbit pertama kali di NU Online pada 26 Agustus 2012, pukul 07.37. 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