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<!doctype html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><title>Using packages | Flutter</title><link rel="icon" href="/assets/images/branding/flutter/icon/64.png" eleventy:ignore><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/assets/images/branding/flutter/logo/flutter-logomark-320px.png" eleventy:ignore><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin><meta name="google-site-verification" content="HFqxhSbf9YA_0rBglNLzDiWnrHiK_w4cqDh2YD2GEY4"><script>!function(e,t,a,n){e[n]=e[n]||[],e[n].push({"gtm.start":(new Date).getTime(),event:"gtm.js"});var 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data-target="#header-sidenav-5-1" href="#header-sidenav-5-1" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-5-1">AI</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-5-1"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/ai-overview">Overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://ai.google.dev/gemini-api/docs/get-started/dart" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Get started with the Gemini API</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://pub.dev/packages/google_generative_ai" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Google AI Dart SDK (pub.dev)</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AuzJEiHjO4" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Build with Google AI Dart SDK (video)</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-5-2" href="#header-sidenav-5-2" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-5-2">Firebase & Firestore</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-5-2"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/firebase">Overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/flutter" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Discover Firebase for Flutter</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wUSkeTaBonA" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Get to know Firebase for Flutter</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://firebase.google.com/codelabs/firebase-auth-in-flutter-apps" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Add a user authentication flow to a Flutter app using FirebaseUI</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://firebase.google.com/codelabs/firebase-get-to-know-web" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Get to know Firebase for web</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-5-3" href="#header-sidenav-5-3" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-5-3">Games</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-5-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/games-toolkit">Overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/games/achievements-leaderboard">Add achievements and leaderboards</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://firebase.google.com/codelabs/build-leaderboards-with-firestore#0" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Build leaderboards with Firestore</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/plugins/google-mobile-ads">Add advertising</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/games/firestore-multiplayer">Add multiplayer support</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/flutter-in-app-purchases" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Add in-app purchases</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://firebase.google.com/codelabs/firebase-auth-in-flutter-apps" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Add user authentication</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/crashlytics/get-started?platform=flutter" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Debug using Crashlytics</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/flutter-flame-brick-breaker" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Intro to Flame with Flutter</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-5-4" href="#header-sidenav-5-4" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-5-4">Monetization</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-5-4"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-5-4-1" href="#header-sidenav-5-4-1" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-5-4-1">Advertising</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-5-4-1"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/ads-overview">Ads overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/plugins/google-mobile-ads">Add advertising</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/admob-ads-in-flutter" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Add AdMob ads to your Flutter app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/admob-inline-ads-in-flutter" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Add an AdMob banner and native inline ads</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://developers.google.com/admob/flutter/mediation" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Google AdMob mediation</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://pub.dev/packages/interactive_media_ads" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Interactive Media Ads SDK</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-5-4-2" href="#header-sidenav-5-4-2" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-5-4-2">In-app purchases</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-5-4-2"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/in-app-purchases-overview">In-app purchases overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/flutter-in-app-purchases" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Add in-app purchases</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-5-4-3" href="#header-sidenav-5-4-3" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-5-4-3">Payments</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-5-4-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/payments-overview">Payments overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://pub.dev/packages/pay" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Google pay package</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-5-5" href="#header-sidenav-5-5" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-5-5">Maps</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-5-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/google-maps-in-flutter" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Add Google maps to a Flutter app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://developers.google.com/maps/flutter-package" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Google Maps package</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-5-6" href="#header-sidenav-5-6" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-5-6">News</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-5-6"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/news-toolkit">Build a news app</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li aria-hidden="true"><div class="sidebar-primary-divider"></div></li><li class="nav-header">User interface</li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui">Introduction</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/widgets">Widget catalog</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-10" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-10">Layout</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-10"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/layout">Introduction</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/layout/tutorial">Build a layout</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-10-3" href="/ui/layout/lists" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-10-3">Lists & grids</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-10-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/basic-list">Create and use lists</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/horizontal-list">Create a horizontal list</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/grid-lists">Create a grid view</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/mixed-list">Create lists with different types of items</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/spaced-items">Create lists with spaced items</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/long-lists">Work with long lists</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-10-4" href="/ui/layout/scrolling" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-10-4">Scrolling</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-10-4"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/layout/scrolling">Overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/layout/scrolling/slivers">Use slivers to achieve fancy scrolling</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/floating-app-bar">Place a floating app bar above a list</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/effects/parallax-scrolling">Create a scrolling parallax effect</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-11" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-11">Adaptive & responsive design</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-11"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive">Overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/general">General approach</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/safearea-mediaquery">SafeArea & MediaQuery</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/large-screens">Large screens & foldables</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/input">User input & accessibility</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/capabilities">Capabilities & policies</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/best-practices">Best practices</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/more-info">Additional resources</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-12" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-12">Design & theming</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-12"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/design/themes">Share styles with themes</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/design/material">Material design</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/release/breaking-changes/material-3-migration">Migrate to Material 3</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-12-4" href="/ui/design/text" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-12-4">Text</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-12-4"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/design/text/typography">Fonts & typography</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/design/fonts">Use a custom font</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/design/package-fonts">Export fonts from a package</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://pub.dev/packages/google_fonts" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Google Fonts package</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-12-5" href="/ui/design/graphics" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-12-5">Custom graphics</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-12-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/design/graphics/fragment-shaders">Use custom fragment shaders</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-13" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-13">Interactivity</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-13"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/interactivity">Add interactivity to your app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-13-2" href="/ui/interactivity/gestures" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-13-2">Gestures</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-13-2"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/interactivity/gestures">Introduction</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/gestures/handling-taps">Handle taps</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/interactivity/gestures/drag-outside">Drag an object outside an app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/effects/drag-a-widget">Drag a UI element within an app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/gestures/ripples">Add Material touch ripples</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/gestures/dismissible">Implement swipe to dismiss</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-13-3" href="/ui/interactivity/input" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-13-3">Input & forms</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-13-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/forms/text-input">Create and style a text field</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/forms/retrieve-input">Retrieve the value of a text field</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/forms/text-field-changes">Handle changes to a text field</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/forms/focus">Manage focus in text fields</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/forms/validation">Build a form with validation</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/design/snackbars">Display a snackbar</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/interactivity/actions-and-shortcuts">Implement actions & shortcuts</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/interactivity/focus">Manage keyboard focus</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-14" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-14">Assets & media</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-14"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/assets/assets-and-images">Add assets and images</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/images/network-image">Display images from the internet</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/images/fading-in-images">Fade in images with a placeholder</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/plugins/play-video">Play and pause a video</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/assets/asset-transformation">Transform assets at build time</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-15" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-15">Navigation & routing</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-15"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/navigation">Overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/design/tabs">Add tabs to your app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/navigation/navigation-basics">Navigate to a new screen and back</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/navigation/passing-data">Send data to a new screen</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/navigation/returning-data">Return data from a screen</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/design/drawer">Add a drawer to a screen</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/navigation/deep-linking">Set up deep linking</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/navigation/set-up-app-links">Set up app links for Android</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/navigation/set-up-universal-links">Set up universal links for iOS</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/navigation/url-strategies">Configure web URL strategies</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-16" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-16">Animations & transitions</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-16"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/animations">Introduction</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/animations/tutorial">Tutorial</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/animations/implicit-animations">Implicit animations</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/animation/animated-container">Animate the properties of a container</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/animation/opacity-animation">Fade a widget in and out</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/animations/hero-animations">Hero animations</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/animation/page-route-animation">Animate a page route transition</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/animation/physics-simulation">Animate using a physics simulation</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/animations/staggered-animations">Staggered animations</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/effects/staggered-menu-animation">Create a staggered menu animation</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/animations/overview">API overview</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-17" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-17">Accessibility & internationalization</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-17"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/accessibility-and-internationalization/accessibility">Accessibility</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/accessibility-and-internationalization/internationalization">Internationalization</a></li></ul></li><li aria-hidden="true"><div class="sidebar-primary-divider"></div></li><li class="nav-header">Beyond UI</li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-20" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-20">Data & backend</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-20"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-20-1" href="/data-and-backend/state-mgmt" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-20-1">State management</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-20-1"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/state-mgmt/intro">Introduction</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/state-mgmt/declarative">Think declaratively</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/state-mgmt/ephemeral-vs-app">Ephemeral vs app state</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/state-mgmt/simple">Simple app state management</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/state-mgmt/options">Options</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-20-2" href="/data-and-backend/networking" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-20-2">Networking & http</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-20-2"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/networking">Overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/fetch-data">Fetch data from the internet</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/authenticated-requests">Make authenticated requests</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/send-data">Send data to the internet</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/update-data">Update data over the internet</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/delete-data">Delete data on the internet</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/web-sockets">Communicate with WebSockets</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-20-3" href="/data-and-backend/serialization" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-20-3">Serialization</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-20-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/serialization/json">JSON serialization</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/background-parsing">Parse JSON in the background</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-20-4" href="/data-and-backend/persistence" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-20-4">Persistence</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-20-4"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/persistence/key-value">Store key-value data on disk</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/persistence/reading-writing-files">Read and write files</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/persistence/sqlite">Persist data with SQLite</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-20-5" href="/data-and-backend/firebase" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-20-5">Firebase</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-20-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/firebase">Overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/flutter/setup" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Add Firebase to your Flutter app</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/google-apis">Google APIs</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-21" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-21">App architecture</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-21"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/app-architecture">Introduction</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/app-architecture/concepts">Architecture concepts</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/app-architecture/guide">Guide to app architecture</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/app-architecture/recommendations">Recommendations</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-21-5" href="/cookbook/architecture" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-21-5">Design patterns</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-21-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/architecture/optimistic-state">Optimistic state</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/architecture/key-value-data">Persistent storage architecture: Key-value data</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/architecture/sql">Persistent storage architecture: SQL</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/architecture/offline-first">Offline-first</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-22" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-22">Platform integration</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-22"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/reference/supported-platforms">Supported platforms</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/desktop">Build desktop apps with Flutter</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/platform-channels">Write platform-specific code</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/platform-adaptations">Automatic platform adaptations</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-22-5" href="/platform-integration/android" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-22-5">Android</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-22-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/install-android">Add Android as build target</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/splash-screen">Add a splash screen</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/predictive-back">Add predictive back</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/c-interop">Bind to native code</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/platform-views">Host a native Android view</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/call-jetpack-apis">Calling JetPack APIs</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/compose-activity">Launch a Jetpack Compose activity</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/restore-state-android">Restore state on Android</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/chromeos">Target ChromeOS with Android</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-22-6" href="/platform-integration/ios" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-22-6">iOS</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-22-6"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/install-ios">Add iOS as build target</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/ios-latest">Flutter on latest iOS</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/apple-frameworks">Leverage Apple's system libraries</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/launch-screen">Add a launch screen</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/ios-app-clip">Add iOS App Clip support</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/app-extensions">Add iOS app extensions</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/c-interop">Bind to native code</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/platform-views">Host a native iOS view</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/ios-debugging">Enable debugging on iOS</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/restore-state-ios">Restore state on iOS</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-22-7" href="/platform-integration/linux" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-22-7">Linux</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-22-7"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/linux/install-linux">Add Linux as build target</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/linux/building">Build a Linux app</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-22-8" href="/platform-integration/macos" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-22-8">macOS</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-22-8"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/macos/install-macos">Add macOS as build target</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/macos/building">Build a macOS app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/macos/c-interop">Bind to native code</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/macos/platform-views">Host a native macOS view</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-22-9" href="/platform-integration/web" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-22-9">Web</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-22-9"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/">Web support in Flutter</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/install-web">Add web as build target</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/building">Build a web app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/wasm">Compile to WebAssembly</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/initialization">Customize app initialization</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/embedding-flutter-web">Add Flutter to any web app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/web-content-in-flutter">Web content in Flutter</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/renderers">Web renderers</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/web-images">Display images on the web</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/faq">Web FAQ</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-22-10" href="/platform-integration/windows" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-22-10">Windows</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-22-10"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/windows/install-windows">Add Windows as build target</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/windows/building">Build a Windows app</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link active collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-23" role="button" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="header-sidenav-23">Packages & plugins</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse show" id="header-sidenav-23"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link active" href="/packages-and-plugins/using-packages">Use packages & plugins</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/packages-and-plugins/developing-packages">Develop packages & plugins</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-23-3" href="/packages-and-plugins/swift-package-manager" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-23-3">Swift Package Manager</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-23-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/packages-and-plugins/swift-package-manager/for-app-developers">For app developers</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/packages-and-plugins/swift-package-manager/for-plugin-authors">For plugin authors</a></li></ul></li><div class="dropdown-divider"></div><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/packages-and-plugins/favorites">Flutter Favorites</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://pub.dev/flutter" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Package repository</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#header-sidenav-24" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-24">Testing & debugging</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-24"><li class="nav-header">Testing</li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/overview">Overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-24-3" href="#header-sidenav-24-3" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-24-3">Unit testing</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-24-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/unit/introduction">Introduction</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/unit/mocking">Mock dependencies</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-24-4" href="#header-sidenav-24-4" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-24-4">Widget testing</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-24-4"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/widget/introduction">Introduction</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/widget/finders">Find widgets</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/widget/scrolling">Simulate scrolling</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/widget/tap-drag">Simulate user interaction</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#header-sidenav-24-5" href="#header-sidenav-24-5" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-sidenav-24-5">Integration testing</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="header-sidenav-24-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/integration/introduction">Introduction</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/integration-tests">Write and run an integration test</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/integration/profiling">Profile an integration test</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/testing-plugins">Test a plugin</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/plugins-in-tests">Handle plugin code in tests</a></li><li class="nav-header">Debugging</li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/debugging">Debugging tools</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/code-debugging">Debug your app programmatically</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/native-debugging">Use a native language debugger</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/build-modes">Flutter's build modes</a></li><li 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collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-5-3" href="#fixed-sidenav-5-3" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-5-3">Games</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-5-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/games-toolkit">Overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/games/achievements-leaderboard">Add achievements and leaderboards</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://firebase.google.com/codelabs/build-leaderboards-with-firestore#0" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Build leaderboards with Firestore</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/plugins/google-mobile-ads">Add advertising</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/games/firestore-multiplayer">Add multiplayer support</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/flutter-in-app-purchases" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Add in-app purchases</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://firebase.google.com/codelabs/firebase-auth-in-flutter-apps" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Add user authentication</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/crashlytics/get-started?platform=flutter" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Debug using Crashlytics</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/flutter-flame-brick-breaker" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Intro to Flame with Flutter</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-5-4" href="#fixed-sidenav-5-4" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-5-4">Monetization</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-5-4"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-5-4-1" href="#fixed-sidenav-5-4-1" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-5-4-1">Advertising</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-5-4-1"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/ads-overview">Ads overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/plugins/google-mobile-ads">Add advertising</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/admob-ads-in-flutter" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Add AdMob ads to your Flutter app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/admob-inline-ads-in-flutter" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Add an AdMob banner and native inline ads</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://developers.google.com/admob/flutter/mediation" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Google AdMob mediation</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://pub.dev/packages/interactive_media_ads" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Interactive Media Ads SDK</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-5-4-2" href="#fixed-sidenav-5-4-2" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-5-4-2">In-app purchases</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-5-4-2"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/in-app-purchases-overview">In-app purchases overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/flutter-in-app-purchases" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Add in-app purchases</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-5-4-3" href="#fixed-sidenav-5-4-3" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-5-4-3">Payments</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-5-4-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/payments-overview">Payments overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://pub.dev/packages/pay" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Google pay package</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-5-5" href="#fixed-sidenav-5-5" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-5-5">Maps</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-5-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/google-maps-in-flutter" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Add Google maps to a Flutter app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://developers.google.com/maps/flutter-package" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Google Maps package</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-5-6" href="#fixed-sidenav-5-6" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-5-6">News</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-5-6"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/resources/news-toolkit">Build a news app</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li aria-hidden="true"><div class="sidebar-primary-divider"></div></li><li class="nav-header">User interface</li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui">Introduction</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/widgets">Widget catalog</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#fixed-sidenav-10" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-10">Layout</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-10"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/layout">Introduction</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/layout/tutorial">Build a layout</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-10-3" href="/ui/layout/lists" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-10-3">Lists & grids</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-10-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/basic-list">Create and use lists</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/horizontal-list">Create a horizontal list</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/grid-lists">Create a grid view</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/mixed-list">Create lists with different types of items</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/spaced-items">Create lists with spaced items</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/long-lists">Work with long lists</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-10-4" href="/ui/layout/scrolling" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-10-4">Scrolling</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-10-4"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/layout/scrolling">Overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/layout/scrolling/slivers">Use slivers to achieve fancy scrolling</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/lists/floating-app-bar">Place a floating app bar above a list</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/effects/parallax-scrolling">Create a scrolling parallax effect</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#fixed-sidenav-11" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-11">Adaptive & responsive design</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-11"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive">Overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/general">General approach</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/safearea-mediaquery">SafeArea & MediaQuery</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/large-screens">Large screens & foldables</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/input">User input & accessibility</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/capabilities">Capabilities & policies</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/best-practices">Best practices</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/adaptive-responsive/more-info">Additional resources</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#fixed-sidenav-12" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-12">Design & theming</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-12"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/design/themes">Share styles with themes</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/design/material">Material design</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/release/breaking-changes/material-3-migration">Migrate to Material 3</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-12-4" href="/ui/design/text" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-12-4">Text</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-12-4"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/design/text/typography">Fonts & typography</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/design/fonts">Use a custom font</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/design/package-fonts">Export fonts from a package</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://pub.dev/packages/google_fonts" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Google Fonts package</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-12-5" href="/ui/design/graphics" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-12-5">Custom graphics</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-12-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/design/graphics/fragment-shaders">Use custom fragment shaders</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#fixed-sidenav-13" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-13">Interactivity</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-13"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/interactivity">Add interactivity to your app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-13-2" href="/ui/interactivity/gestures" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-13-2">Gestures</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-13-2"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/interactivity/gestures">Introduction</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/gestures/handling-taps">Handle taps</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/interactivity/gestures/drag-outside">Drag an object outside an app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/effects/drag-a-widget">Drag a UI element within an app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/gestures/ripples">Add Material touch ripples</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/gestures/dismissible">Implement swipe to dismiss</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-13-3" href="/ui/interactivity/input" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-13-3">Input & forms</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-13-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/forms/text-input">Create and style a text field</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/forms/retrieve-input">Retrieve the value of a text field</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/forms/text-field-changes">Handle changes to a text field</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/forms/focus">Manage focus in text fields</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/forms/validation">Build a form with validation</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/design/snackbars">Display a snackbar</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/interactivity/actions-and-shortcuts">Implement actions & shortcuts</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/interactivity/focus">Manage keyboard focus</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#fixed-sidenav-14" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-14">Assets & media</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-14"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/assets/assets-and-images">Add assets and images</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/images/network-image">Display images from the internet</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/images/fading-in-images">Fade in images with a placeholder</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/plugins/play-video">Play and pause a video</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/assets/asset-transformation">Transform assets at build time</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#fixed-sidenav-15" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-15">Navigation & routing</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-15"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/navigation">Overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/design/tabs">Add tabs to your app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/navigation/navigation-basics">Navigate to a new screen and back</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/navigation/passing-data">Send data to a new screen</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/navigation/returning-data">Return data from a screen</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/design/drawer">Add a drawer to a screen</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/navigation/deep-linking">Set up deep linking</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/navigation/set-up-app-links">Set up app links for Android</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/navigation/set-up-universal-links">Set up universal links for iOS</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/navigation/url-strategies">Configure web URL strategies</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#fixed-sidenav-16" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-16">Animations & transitions</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-16"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/animations">Introduction</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/animations/tutorial">Tutorial</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/animations/implicit-animations">Implicit animations</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/animation/animated-container">Animate the properties of a container</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/animation/opacity-animation">Fade a widget in and out</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/animations/hero-animations">Hero animations</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/animation/page-route-animation">Animate a page route transition</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/animation/physics-simulation">Animate using a physics simulation</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/animations/staggered-animations">Staggered animations</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/effects/staggered-menu-animation">Create a staggered menu animation</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/animations/overview">API overview</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#fixed-sidenav-17" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-17">Accessibility & internationalization</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-17"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/accessibility-and-internationalization/accessibility">Accessibility</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/ui/accessibility-and-internationalization/internationalization">Internationalization</a></li></ul></li><li aria-hidden="true"><div class="sidebar-primary-divider"></div></li><li class="nav-header">Beyond UI</li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#fixed-sidenav-20" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-20">Data & backend</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-20"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-20-1" href="/data-and-backend/state-mgmt" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-20-1">State management</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-20-1"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/state-mgmt/intro">Introduction</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/state-mgmt/declarative">Think declaratively</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/state-mgmt/ephemeral-vs-app">Ephemeral vs app state</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/state-mgmt/simple">Simple app state management</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/state-mgmt/options">Options</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-20-2" href="/data-and-backend/networking" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-20-2">Networking & http</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-20-2"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/networking">Overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/fetch-data">Fetch data from the internet</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/authenticated-requests">Make authenticated requests</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/send-data">Send data to the internet</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/update-data">Update data over the internet</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/delete-data">Delete data on the internet</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/web-sockets">Communicate with WebSockets</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-20-3" href="/data-and-backend/serialization" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-20-3">Serialization</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-20-3"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/serialization/json">JSON serialization</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/networking/background-parsing">Parse JSON in the background</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-20-4" href="/data-and-backend/persistence" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-20-4">Persistence</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-20-4"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/persistence/key-value">Store key-value data on disk</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/persistence/reading-writing-files">Read and write files</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/persistence/sqlite">Persist data with SQLite</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-20-5" href="/data-and-backend/firebase" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-20-5">Firebase</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-20-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/firebase">Overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://firebase.google.com/docs/flutter/setup" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Add Firebase to your Flutter app</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/data-and-backend/google-apis">Google APIs</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#fixed-sidenav-21" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-21">App architecture</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-21"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/app-architecture">Introduction</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/app-architecture/concepts">Architecture concepts</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/app-architecture/guide">Guide to app architecture</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/app-architecture/recommendations">Recommendations</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-21-5" href="/cookbook/architecture" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-21-5">Design patterns</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-21-5"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/architecture/optimistic-state">Optimistic state</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/architecture/key-value-data">Persistent storage architecture: Key-value data</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/architecture/sql">Persistent storage architecture: SQL</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/architecture/offline-first">Offline-first</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" href="#fixed-sidenav-22" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-22">Platform integration</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-22"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/reference/supported-platforms">Supported platforms</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/desktop">Build desktop apps with Flutter</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/platform-channels">Write platform-specific code</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/platform-adaptations">Automatic platform adaptations</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" 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class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/compose-activity">Launch a Jetpack Compose activity</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/restore-state-android">Restore state on Android</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/android/chromeos">Target ChromeOS with Android</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-22-6" href="/platform-integration/ios" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-22-6">iOS</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-22-6"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/install-ios">Add iOS as build target</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/ios-latest">Flutter on latest iOS</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/apple-frameworks">Leverage Apple's system libraries</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/launch-screen">Add a launch screen</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/ios-app-clip">Add iOS App Clip support</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/app-extensions">Add iOS app extensions</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/c-interop">Bind to native code</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/platform-views">Host a native iOS view</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/ios-debugging">Enable debugging on iOS</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/ios/restore-state-ios">Restore state on iOS</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" 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href="/platform-integration/macos/building">Build a macOS app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/macos/c-interop">Bind to native code</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/macos/platform-views">Host a native macOS view</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsible collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#fixed-sidenav-22-9" href="/platform-integration/web" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="fixed-sidenav-22-9">Web</a><ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse" id="fixed-sidenav-22-9"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/">Web support in Flutter</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/install-web">Add web as build target</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/platform-integration/web/building">Build a web app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" 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href="/testing/integration-tests">Write and run an integration test</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/cookbook/testing/integration/profiling">Profile an integration test</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/testing-plugins">Test a plugin</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/plugins-in-tests">Handle plugin code in tests</a></li><li class="nav-header">Debugging</li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/debugging">Debugging tools</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/code-debugging">Debug your app programmatically</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/native-debugging">Use a native language debugger</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/build-modes">Flutter's build modes</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/testing/common-errors">Common Flutter errors</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a 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href="/deployment/obfuscate">Obfuscate Dart code</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/flavors">Create flavors of an app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/android">Build and release an Android app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/ios">Build and release an iOS app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/macos">Build and release a macOS app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/linux">Build and release a Linux app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/windows">Build and release a Windows app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/web">Build and release a web app</a></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/deployment/cd">Set up continuous deployment</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link collapsed collapsible" data-toggle="collapse" 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target="_blank" rel="noopener">API docs</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div><main class="site-content col-12 col-md-9 offset-md-3 col-xl-8 offset-xl-2 col-xxl-8 offset-xxl-2"><div id="site-toc--side" class="site-toc fixed-col col-xl-2 order-3" data-fixed-column><header class="site-toc__title">Contents</header><ul class="section-nav"><li class="toc-entry nav-item toc-h2"><a class="nav-link" href="#using-packages">Using packages</a><ul class="nav"><li class="toc-entry nav-item toc-h3"><a class="nav-link" href="#searching-for-packages">Searching for packages</a></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item toc-h3"><a class="nav-link" href="#adding-a-package-dependency-to-an-app">Adding a package dependency to an app</a></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item toc-h3"><a class="nav-link" href="#adding-a-package-dependency-to-an-app-using-flutter-pub-add">Adding a package dependency to an app using flutter pub add</a></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item toc-h3"><a class="nav-link" href="#removing-a-package-dependency-to-an-app-using-flutter-pub-remove">Removing a package dependency to an app using flutter pub remove</a></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item toc-h3"><a class="nav-link" href="#conflict-resolution">Conflict resolution</a></li></ul></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item toc-h2"><a class="nav-link" href="#developing-new-packages">Developing new packages</a></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item toc-h2"><a class="nav-link" href="#managing-package-dependencies-and-versions">Managing package dependencies and versions</a><ul class="nav"><li class="toc-entry nav-item toc-h3"><a class="nav-link" href="#package-versions">Package versions</a></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item toc-h3"><a class="nav-link" href="#updating-package-dependencies">Updating package dependencies</a></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item toc-h3"><a class="nav-link" href="#dependencies-on-unpublished-packages">Dependencies on unpublished packages</a></li></ul></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item toc-h2"><a class="nav-link" href="#examples">Examples</a><ul class="nav"><li class="toc-entry nav-item toc-h3"><a class="nav-link" href="#css-example">Example: Using the css_colors package</a></li><li class="toc-entry nav-item toc-h3"><a class="nav-link" href="#url-example">Example: Using the url_launcher package to launch the browser</a></li></ul></li></ul></div><div class="container"><header class="site-content__title" id="site-content-title"><h1>Using packages</h1><nav class="breadcrumbs" aria-label="breadcrumb"><ol class="breadcrumb-list" vocab="https://schema.org/" typeof="BreadcrumbList"><li class="breadcrumb-item" property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem"><a href="/packages-and-plugins" property="item" typeof="WebPage"><span property="name">Packages & plugins</span></a><meta property="position" content="0"><span class="material-symbols-outlined child-icon" aria-hidden="true">chevron_right</span></li><li class="breadcrumb-item active" property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem" aria-current="page"><a href="/packages-and-plugins/using-packages" property="item" typeof="WebPage"><span property="name">Using packages</span></a><meta property="position" content="1"></li></ol></nav></header><div id="site-toc--inline" class="site-toc toc-collapsible toc-collapsed"><header class="site-toc__title">Contents <span class="site-toc--inline__toggle toc-toggle-down" title="Expand table of contents"><i class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">keyboard_arrow_down</i></span> <span class="site-toc--inline__toggle toc-toggle-up" title="Collapse table of contents"><i class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">keyboard_arrow_up</i></span></header><ul class="section-nav"><li class="toc-entry toc-h2"><a href="#using-packages">Using packages</a><ul><li class="toc-entry toc-h3"><a href="#searching-for-packages">Searching for packages</a></li><li class="toc-entry toc-h3"><a href="#adding-a-package-dependency-to-an-app">Adding a package dependency to an app</a></li><li class="toc-entry toc-h3"><a href="#adding-a-package-dependency-to-an-app-using-flutter-pub-add">Adding a package dependency to an app using flutter pub add</a></li><li class="toc-entry toc-h3"><a href="#removing-a-package-dependency-to-an-app-using-flutter-pub-remove">Removing a package dependency to an app using flutter pub remove</a></li><li class="toc-entry toc-h3"><a href="#conflict-resolution">Conflict resolution</a></li></ul></li><li class="toc-entry toc-h2"><a href="#developing-new-packages">Developing new packages</a></li><li class="toc-entry toc-h2"><a href="#managing-package-dependencies-and-versions">Managing package dependencies and versions</a><ul><li class="toc-entry toc-h3"><a href="#package-versions">Package versions</a></li><li class="toc-entry toc-h3"><a href="#updating-package-dependencies">Updating package dependencies</a></li><li class="toc-entry toc-h3"><a href="#dependencies-on-unpublished-packages">Dependencies on unpublished packages</a></li></ul></li><li class="toc-entry toc-h2"><a href="#examples">Examples</a><ul><li class="toc-entry toc-h3"><a href="#css-example">Example: Using the css_colors package</a></li><li class="toc-entry toc-h3"><a href="#url-example">Example: Using the url_launcher package to launch the browser</a></li></ul></li></ul><span class="site-toc--inline__toggle toc-toggle-more-items" title="Expand table of contents"><i class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">more_horiz</i></span></div> <?code-excerpt path-base="platform_integration/plugin_api_migration"?> <p>Flutter supports using shared packages contributed by other developers to the Flutter and Dart ecosystems. This allows quickly building an app without having to develop everything from scratch.</p><aside class="alert alert-info"><div class="alert-header"><i class="material-symbols" aria-hidden="true">info</i> <span>Difference between packages and plugins</span></div><div class="alert-content"><p>A plugin is a <em>type</em> of package—the full designation is <em>plugin package</em>, which is generally shortened to <em>plugin</em>.</p><dl><dt><strong>Packages</strong></dt><dd>At a minimum, a Dart package is a directory containing a <code>pubspec.yaml</code> file. Additionally, a package can contain dependencies (listed in the pubspec), Dart libraries, apps, resources, tests, images, fonts, and examples. The <a href="https://pub.dev">pub.dev</a> site lists many packages—developed by Google engineers and generous members of the Flutter and Dart community— that you can use in your app.</dd><dt><strong>Plugins</strong></dt><dd>A plugin package is a special kind of package that makes platform functionality available to the app. Plugin packages can be written for Android (using Kotlin or Java), iOS (using Swift or Objective-C), web, macOS, Windows, Linux, or any combination thereof. For example, a plugin might provide Flutter apps with the ability to use a device's camera.</dd></dl><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Y9WifT8aN6o" title="Packages versus plugins | Decoding Flutter" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen loading="lazy"></iframe><br><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch/Y9WifT8aN6o" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Open 'Packages versus plugins | Decoding Flutter' video in new tab">Packages versus plugins | Decoding Flutter</a></p></div></aside><p>Existing packages enable many use cases—for example, making network requests (<a href="/cookbook/networking/fetch-data"><code>http</code></a>), navigation/route handling (<a href="https://pub.dev/packages/go_router"><code>go_router</code></a>), integration with device APIs (<a href="https://pub.dev/packages/url_launcher"><code>url_launcher</code></a> and <a href="https://pub.dev/packages/battery_plus"><code>battery_plus</code></a>), and using third-party platform SDKs like Firebase (<a href="https://github.com/firebase/flutterfire">FlutterFire</a>).</p><p>To write a new package, see <a href="/packages-and-plugins/developing-packages">developing packages</a>. To add assets, images, or fonts, whether stored in files or packages, see <a href="/ui/assets/assets-and-images">Adding assets and images</a>.</p><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="using-packages">Using packages</h2><a class="heading-link" href="#using-packages" aria-label="Link to 'Using packages' section">#</a></div><p>The following section describes how to use existing published packages.</p><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="searching-for-packages">Searching for packages</h3><a class="heading-link" href="#searching-for-packages" aria-label="Link to 'Searching for packages' section">#</a></div><p>Packages are published to <a href="https://pub.dev">pub.dev</a>.</p><p>The <a href="https://pub.dev/flutter">Flutter landing page</a> on pub.dev displays top packages that are compatible with Flutter (those that declare dependencies generally compatible with Flutter), and supports searching among all published packages.</p><p>The <a href="https://pub.dev/flutter/favorites">Flutter Favorites</a> page on pub.dev lists the plugins and packages that have been identified as packages you should first consider using when writing your app. For more information on what it means to be a Flutter Favorite, see the <a href="/packages-and-plugins/favorites">Flutter Favorites program</a>.</p><p>You can also browse the packages on pub.dev by filtering on <a href="https://pub.dev/packages?q=sdk%3Aflutter+platform%3Aandroid">Android</a>, <a href="https://pub.dev/packages?q=sdk%3Aflutter+platform%3Aios">iOS</a>, <a href="https://pub.dev/packages?q=sdk%3Aflutter+platform%3Aweb">web</a>, <a href="?q=sdk%3Aflutter+platform%3Alinux">Linux</a>, <a href="https://pub.dev/packages?q=sdk%3Aflutter+platform%3Awindows">Windows</a>, <a href="https://pub.dev/packages?q=sdk%3Aflutter+platform%3Amacos">macOS</a>, or any combination thereof.</p><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="adding-a-package-dependency-to-an-app">Adding a package dependency to an app</h3><a class="heading-link" href="#adding-a-package-dependency-to-an-app" aria-label="Link to 'Adding a package dependency to an app' section">#</a></div><p>To add the package, <code>css_colors</code>, to an app:</p><ol><li><p>Depend on it</p><ul><li>Open the <code>pubspec.yaml</code> file located inside the app folder, and add <code>css_colors:</code> under <code>dependencies</code>.</li></ul></li><li><p>Install it</p><ul><li>From the terminal: Run <code>flutter pub get</code>.<br><strong>OR</strong></li><li>From VS Code: Click <strong>Get Packages</strong> located in right side of the action ribbon at the top of <code>pubspec.yaml</code> indicated by the Download icon.</li><li>From Android Studio/IntelliJ: Click <strong>Pub get</strong> in the action ribbon at the top of <code>pubspec.yaml</code>.</li></ul></li><li><p>Import it</p><ul><li>Add a corresponding <code>import</code> statement in the Dart code.</li></ul></li><li><p>Stop and restart the app, if necessary</p><ul><li>If the package brings platform-specific code (Kotlin/Java for Android, Swift/Objective-C for iOS), that code must be built into your app. Hot reload and hot restart only update the Dart code, so a full restart of the app might be required to avoid errors like <code>MissingPluginException</code> when using the package.</li></ul></li></ol><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="adding-a-package-dependency-to-an-app-using-flutter-pub-add">Adding a package dependency to an app using <code>flutter pub add</code></h3><a class="heading-link" href="#adding-a-package-dependency-to-an-app-using-flutter-pub-add" aria-label="Link to 'Adding a package dependency to an app using flutter pub add' section">#</a></div><p>To add the package, <code>css_colors</code>, to an app:</p><ol><li><p>Issue the command while being inside the project directory</p><ul><li><code>flutter pub add css_colors</code></li></ul></li><li><p>Import it</p><ul><li>Add a corresponding <code>import</code> statement in the Dart code.</li></ul></li><li><p>Stop and restart the app, if necessary</p><ul><li>If the package brings platform-specific code (Kotlin/Java for Android, Swift/Objective-C for iOS), that code must be built into your app. Hot reload and hot restart only update the Dart code, so a full restart of the app might be required to avoid errors like <code>MissingPluginException</code> when using the package.</li></ul></li></ol><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="removing-a-package-dependency-to-an-app-using-flutter-pub-remove">Removing a package dependency to an app using <code>flutter pub remove</code></h3><a class="heading-link" href="#removing-a-package-dependency-to-an-app-using-flutter-pub-remove" aria-label="Link to 'Removing a package dependency to an app using flutter pub remove' section">#</a></div><p>To remove the package, <code>css_colors</code>, to an app:</p><ol><li>Issue the command while being inside the project directory<ul><li><code>flutter pub remove css_colors</code></li></ul></li></ol><p>The <a href="https://pub.dev/packages/css_colors/install">Installing tab</a>, available on any package page on pub.dev, is a handy reference for these steps.</p><p>For a complete example, see the <a href="#css-example">css_colors example</a> below.</p><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="conflict-resolution">Conflict resolution</h3><a class="heading-link" href="#conflict-resolution" aria-label="Link to 'Conflict resolution' section">#</a></div><p>Suppose you want to use <code>some_package</code> and <code>another_package</code> in an app, and both of these depend on <code>url_launcher</code>, but in different versions. That causes a potential conflict. The best way to avoid this is for package authors to use <a href="https://dart.dev/tools/pub/dependencies#version-constraints">version ranges</a> rather than specific versions when specifying dependencies.</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-yaml"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language yaml">yaml</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7">dependencies</span><span style="color:#222222">:</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> url_launcher</span><span style="color:#222222">: </span><span style="color:#0C7064">^5.4.0</span><span style="color:#6E6E70"> # Good, any version >= 5.4.0 but < 6.0.0</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> image_picker</span><span style="color:#222222">: </span><span style="color:#0C7064">'5.4.3'</span><span style="color:#6E6E70"> # Not so good, only version 5.4.3 works.</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>If <code>some_package</code> declares the dependencies above and <code>another_package</code> declares a compatible <code>url_launcher</code> dependency like <code>'5.4.6'</code> or <code>^5.5.0</code>, pub resolves the issue automatically. Platform-specific dependencies on <a href="https://docs.gradle.org/current/userguide/declaring_dependencies.html">Gradle modules</a> and/or <a href="https://guides.cocoapods.org/syntax/podspec.html#dependency">CocoaPods</a> are solved in a similar way.</p><p>Even if <code>some_package</code> and <code>another_package</code> declare incompatible versions for <code>url_launcher</code>, they might actually use <code>url_launcher</code> in compatible ways. In this situation, the conflict can be resolved by adding a dependency override declaration to the app's <code>pubspec.yaml</code> file, forcing the use of a particular version.</p><p>For example, to force the use of <code>url_launcher</code> version <code>5.4.0</code>, make the following changes to the app's <code>pubspec.yaml</code> file:</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-yaml"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language yaml">yaml</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7">dependencies</span><span style="color:#222222">:</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> some_package</span><span style="color:#222222">:</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> another_package</span><span style="color:#222222">:</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7">dependency_overrides</span><span style="color:#222222">:</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> url_launcher</span><span style="color:#222222">: </span><span style="color:#0C7064">'5.4.0'</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>If the conflicting dependency is not itself a package, but an Android-specific library like <code>guava</code>, the dependency override declaration must be added to Gradle build logic instead.</p><p>To force the use of <code>guava</code> version <code>28.0</code>, make the following changes to the app's <code>android/build.gradle</code> file:</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-groovy"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language groovy">groovy</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">configurations.all {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> resolutionStrategy {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> force </span><span style="color:#0C7064">'com.google.guava:guava:28.0-android'</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> }</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">}</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>CocoaPods doesn't currently offer dependency override functionality.</p><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="developing-new-packages">Developing new packages</h2><a class="heading-link" href="#developing-new-packages" aria-label="Link to 'Developing new packages' section">#</a></div><p>If no package exists for your specific use case, you can <a href="/packages-and-plugins/developing-packages">write a custom package</a>.</p><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="managing-package-dependencies-and-versions">Managing package dependencies and versions</h2><a class="heading-link" href="#managing-package-dependencies-and-versions" aria-label="Link to 'Managing package dependencies and versions' section">#</a></div><p>To minimize the risk of version collisions, specify a version range in the <code>pubspec.yaml</code> file.</p><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="package-versions">Package versions</h3><a class="heading-link" href="#package-versions" aria-label="Link to 'Package versions' section">#</a></div><p>All packages have a version number, specified in the package's <code>pubspec.yaml</code> file. The current version of a package is displayed next to its name (for example, see the <a href="https://pub.dev/packages/url_launcher"><code>url_launcher</code></a> package), as well as a list of all prior versions (see <a href="https://pub.dev/packages/url_launcher/versions"><code>url_launcher</code> versions</a>).</p><p>To ensure that the app doesn't break when you update a package, specify a version range using one of the following formats.</p><ul><li><p><strong>Ranged constraints:</strong> Specify a minimum and maximum version.</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-yaml"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language yaml">yaml</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7">dependencies</span><span style="color:#222222">:</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> url_launcher</span><span style="color:#222222">: </span><span style="color:#0C7064">'>=5.4.0 <6.0.0'</span></span></code></pre></div></div></li><li><p><strong>Ranged constraints using the <a href="https://dart.dev/tools/pub/dependencies#caret-syntax">caret syntax</a>:</strong> Specify the version that serves as the inclusive minimum version. This covers all versions from that version to the next major version.</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-yaml"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language yaml">yaml</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7">dependencies</span><span style="color:#222222">:</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> collection</span><span style="color:#222222">: </span><span style="color:#0C7064">'^5.4.0'</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>This syntax means the same as the one noted in the first bullet.</p></li></ul><p>To learn more, check out the <a href="https://dart.dev/tools/pub/versioning">package versioning guide</a>.</p><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="updating-package-dependencies">Updating package dependencies</h3><a class="heading-link" href="#updating-package-dependencies" aria-label="Link to 'Updating package dependencies' section">#</a></div><p>When running <code>flutter pub get</code> for the first time after adding a package, Flutter saves the concrete package version found in the <code>pubspec.lock</code> <a href="https://dart.dev/tools/pub/glossary#lockfile">lockfile</a>. This ensures that you get the same version again if you, or another developer on your team, run <code>flutter pub get</code>.</p><p>To upgrade to a new version of the package, for example to use new features in that package, run <code>flutter pub upgrade</code> to retrieve the highest available version of the package that is allowed by the version constraint specified in <code>pubspec.yaml</code>. Note that this is a different command from <code>flutter upgrade</code> or <code>flutter update-packages</code>, which both update Flutter itself.</p><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="dependencies-on-unpublished-packages">Dependencies on unpublished packages</h3><a class="heading-link" href="#dependencies-on-unpublished-packages" aria-label="Link to 'Dependencies on unpublished packages' section">#</a></div><p>Packages can be used even when not published on pub.dev. For private packages, or for packages not ready for publishing, additional dependency options are available:</p><dl><dt><strong>Path dependency</strong></dt><dd><p>A Flutter app can depend on a package using a file system <code>path:</code> dependency. The path can be either relative or absolute. Relative paths are evaluated relative to the directory containing <code>pubspec.yaml</code>. For example, to depend on a package, packageA, located in a directory next to the app, use the following syntax:</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-yaml"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language yaml">yaml</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> dependencies</span><span style="color:#222222">:</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> packageA</span><span style="color:#222222">:</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> path</span><span style="color:#222222">: </span><span style="color:#0C7064">../packageA/</span></span></code></pre></div></div></dd><dt><strong>Git dependency</strong></dt><dd><p>You can also depend on a package stored in a Git repository. If the package is located at the root of the repo, use the following syntax:</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-yaml"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language yaml">yaml</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> dependencies</span><span style="color:#222222">:</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> packageA</span><span style="color:#222222">:</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> git</span><span style="color:#222222">:</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> url</span><span style="color:#222222">: </span><span style="color:#0C7064">https://github.com/flutter/packageA.git</span></span></code></pre></div></div></dd><dt><strong>Git dependency using SSH</strong></dt><dd><p>If the repository is private and you can connect to it using SSH, depend on the package by using the repo's SSH url:</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-yaml"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language yaml">yaml</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> dependencies</span><span style="color:#222222">:</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> packageA</span><span style="color:#222222">:</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> git</span><span style="color:#222222">:</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> url</span><span style="color:#222222">: </span><span style="color:#0C7064">git@github.com:flutter/packageA.git</span></span></code></pre></div></div></dd><dt><strong>Git dependency on a package in a folder</strong></dt><dd><p>Pub assumes the package is located in the root of the Git repository. If that isn't the case, specify the location with the <code>path</code> argument. For example:</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-yaml"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language yaml">yaml</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7">dependencies</span><span style="color:#222222">:</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> packageA</span><span style="color:#222222">:</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> git</span><span style="color:#222222">:</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> url</span><span style="color:#222222">: </span><span style="color:#0C7064">https://github.com/flutter/packages.git</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> path</span><span style="color:#222222">: </span><span style="color:#0C7064">packages/packageA</span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>Finally, use the <code>ref</code> argument to pin the dependency to a specific git commit, branch, or tag. For more details, see <a href="https://dart.dev/tools/pub/dependencies">Package dependencies</a>.</p></dd></dl><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="examples">Examples</h2><a class="heading-link" href="#examples" aria-label="Link to 'Examples' section">#</a></div><p>The following examples walk through the necessary steps for using packages.</p><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="css-example">Example: Using the css_colors package</h3><a class="heading-link" href="#css-example" aria-label="Link to 'Example: Using the css_colors package' section">#</a></div><p>The <a href="https://pub.dev/packages/css_colors"><code>css_colors</code></a> package defines color constants for CSS colors, so use the constants wherever the Flutter framework expects the <code>Color</code> type.</p><p>To use this package:</p><ol><li><p>Create a new project called <code>cssdemo</code>.</p></li><li><p>Open <code>pubspec.yaml</code>, and add the <code>css-colors</code> dependency:</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-yaml"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language yaml">yaml</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7">dependencies</span><span style="color:#222222">:</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> flutter</span><span style="color:#222222">:</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> sdk</span><span style="color:#222222">: </span><span style="color:#0C7064">flutter</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> css_colors</span><span style="color:#222222">: </span><span style="color:#0C7064">^1.0.0</span></span></code></pre></div></div></li><li><p>Run <code>flutter pub get</code> in the terminal, or click <strong>Get Packages</strong> in VS Code.</p></li><li><p>Open <code>lib/main.dart</code> and replace its full contents with:</p> <?code-excerpt "lib/css_colors.dart (css-colors)"?> <div class="code-block-wrapper language-dart"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language dart">dart</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314">import</span><span style="color:#0C7064"> 'package:css_colors/css_colors.dart'</span><span style="color:#222222">;</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314">import</span><span style="color:#0C7064"> 'package:flutter/material.dart'</span><span style="color:#222222">;</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314">void</span><span style="color:#6200EE"> main</span><span style="color:#222222">() {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#6200EE"> runApp</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span><span style="color:#BD2314">const</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> MyApp</span><span style="color:#222222">());</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">}</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314">class</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> MyApp</span><span style="color:#BD2314"> extends</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> StatelessWidget</span><span style="color:#222222"> {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> const</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> MyApp</span><span style="color:#222222">({</span><span style="color:#BD2314">super</span><span style="color:#222222">.key});</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> @override</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> Widget</span><span style="color:#6200EE"> build</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span><span style="color:#0468D7">BuildContext</span><span style="color:#222222"> context) {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> return</span><span style="color:#BD2314"> const</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> MaterialApp</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> home: </span><span style="color:#0468D7">DemoPage</span><span style="color:#222222">(),</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> );</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> }</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">}</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314">class</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> DemoPage</span><span style="color:#BD2314"> extends</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> StatelessWidget</span><span style="color:#222222"> {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> const</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> DemoPage</span><span style="color:#222222">({</span><span style="color:#BD2314">super</span><span style="color:#222222">.key});</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> @override</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> Widget</span><span style="color:#6200EE"> build</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span><span style="color:#0468D7">BuildContext</span><span style="color:#222222"> context) {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> return</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> Scaffold</span><span style="color:#222222">(body: </span><span style="color:#0468D7">Container</span><span style="color:#222222">(color: </span><span style="color:#0468D7">CSSColors</span><span style="color:#222222">.orange));</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> }</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">}</span></span></code></pre></div></div></li></ol><ol><li>Run the app. The app's background should now be orange.</li></ol><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="url-example">Example: Using the url_launcher package to launch the browser</h3><a class="heading-link" href="#url-example" aria-label="Link to 'Example: Using the url_launcher package to launch the browser' section">#</a></div><p>The <a href="https://pub.dev/packages/url_launcher"><code>url_launcher</code></a> plugin package enables opening the default browser on the mobile platform to display a given URL, and is supported on Android, iOS, web, Windows, Linux, and macOS. This package is a special Dart package called a <em>plugin package</em> (or <em>plugin</em>), which includes platform-specific code.</p><p>To use this plugin:</p><ol><li><p>Create a new project called <code>launchdemo</code>.</p></li><li><p>Open <code>pubspec.yaml</code>, and add the <code>url_launcher</code> dependency:</p><div class="code-block-wrapper language-yaml"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language yaml">yaml</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7">dependencies</span><span style="color:#222222">:</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> flutter</span><span style="color:#222222">:</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> sdk</span><span style="color:#222222">: </span><span style="color:#0C7064">flutter</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> url_launcher</span><span style="color:#222222">: </span><span style="color:#0C7064">^5.4.0</span></span></code></pre></div></div></li><li><p>Run <code>flutter pub get</code> in the terminal, or click <strong>Get Packages get</strong> in VS Code.</p></li><li><p>Open <code>lib/main.dart</code> and replace its full contents with the following:</p> <?code-excerpt "lib/url_launcher.dart (url-launcher)"?> <div class="code-block-wrapper language-dart"><div class="code-block-body"><span class="code-block-language" title="Language dart">dart</span><pre class="shiki dash-light" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314">import</span><span style="color:#0C7064"> 'package:flutter/material.dart'</span><span style="color:#222222">;</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314">import</span><span style="color:#0C7064"> 'package:path/path.dart'</span><span style="color:#BD2314"> as</span><span style="color:#222222"> p;</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314">import</span><span style="color:#0C7064"> 'package:url_launcher/url_launcher.dart'</span><span style="color:#222222">;</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314">void</span><span style="color:#6200EE"> main</span><span style="color:#222222">() {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#6200EE"> runApp</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span><span style="color:#BD2314">const</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> MyApp</span><span style="color:#222222">());</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">}</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314">class</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> MyApp</span><span style="color:#BD2314"> extends</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> StatelessWidget</span><span style="color:#222222"> {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> const</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> MyApp</span><span style="color:#222222">({</span><span style="color:#BD2314">super</span><span style="color:#222222">.key});</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> @override</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> Widget</span><span style="color:#6200EE"> build</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span><span style="color:#0468D7">BuildContext</span><span style="color:#222222"> context) {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> return</span><span style="color:#BD2314"> const</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> MaterialApp</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> home: </span><span style="color:#0468D7">DemoPage</span><span style="color:#222222">(),</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> );</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> }</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">}</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314">class</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> DemoPage</span><span style="color:#BD2314"> extends</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> StatelessWidget</span><span style="color:#222222"> {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> const</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> DemoPage</span><span style="color:#222222">({</span><span style="color:#BD2314">super</span><span style="color:#222222">.key});</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> void</span><span style="color:#6200EE"> launchURL</span><span style="color:#222222">() {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#6200EE"> launchUrl</span><span style="color:#222222">(p.</span><span style="color:#6200EE">toUri</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span><span style="color:#0C7064">'https://flutter.dev'</span><span style="color:#222222">));</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> }</span></span> <span class="line"></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> @override</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#0468D7"> Widget</span><span style="color:#6200EE"> build</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span><span style="color:#0468D7">BuildContext</span><span style="color:#222222"> context) {</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#BD2314"> return</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> Scaffold</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> body: </span><span style="color:#0468D7">Center</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> child: </span><span style="color:#0468D7">ElevatedButton</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> onPressed: launchURL,</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> child: </span><span style="color:#BD2314">const</span><span style="color:#0468D7"> Text</span><span style="color:#222222">(</span><span style="color:#0C7064">'Show Flutter homepage'</span><span style="color:#222222">),</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> ),</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> ),</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> );</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222"> }</span></span> <span class="line"><span style="color:#222222">}</span></span></code></pre></div></div></li><li><p>Run the app (or stop and restart it, if it was already running before adding the plugin). Click <strong>Show Flutter homepage</strong>. You should see the default browser open on the device, displaying the homepage for flutter.dev.</p></li></ol><p id="page-github-links"><span>Unless stated otherwise, the documentation on this site reflects the latest stable version of Flutter. Page last updated on 2024-07-06.</span> <a href="https://github.com/flutter/website/tree/main/src/content/packages-and-plugins/using-packages.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener">View source</a> <span>or </span><a href="https://github.com/flutter/website/issues/new?template=1_page_issue.yml&&page-url=https://docs.flutter.dev/packages-and-plugins/using-packages/&page-source=https://github.com/flutter/website/tree/main/src/content/packages-and-plugins/using-packages.md" title="Report an issue with this page" target="_blank" rel="noopener">report an issue</a>.</p></div></main></div></div><footer class="site-footer"><div class="container-fluid"><div class="row"><div class="col-md-12 site-footer__wrapper"><div class="site-footer__logo"><img src="/assets/images/branding/flutter/logo/flutter-mono-81x100.png" alt="Flutter Logo" width="81" height="100"></div><div class="site-footer__content"><ul class="site-footer__link-list"><li><a href="/tos">terms</a></li><li><a href="/brand">brand usage</a></li><li><a href="/security">security</a></li><li><a href="https://www.google.com/intl/en/policies/privacy">privacy</a></li><li><a href="https://esflutter.dev/">español</a></li><li><a href="https://flutter.cn" class="text-nowrap">社区中文资源</a></li><li><a href="https://blog.google/inside-google/company-announcements/standing-with-black-community">We stand in solidarity with the Black community. 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