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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Other book-eating insects</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_book-eating_insects-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other book-eating insects subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_book-eating_insects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Beetles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beetles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Beetles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beetles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Woodboring_beetles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Woodboring_beetles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Woodboring beetles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Woodboring_beetles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Auger_beetles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Auger_beetles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Auger beetles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Auger_beetles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Long_horned_beetles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Long_horned_beetles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Long horned beetles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Long_horned_beetles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bark_beetles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bark_beetles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>Bark beetles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bark_beetles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-True_weevils" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#True_weevils"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.5</span> <span>True weevils</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-True_weevils-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skin_beetles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skin_beetles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.6</span> <span>Skin beetles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skin_beetles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Powderpost_beetles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Powderpost_beetles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.7</span> <span>Powderpost beetles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Powderpost_beetles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Darkling_beetles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Darkling_beetles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.8</span> <span>Darkling beetles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Darkling_beetles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Termites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Termites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Termites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Termites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Ants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Moths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fungus_moths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fungus_moths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Fungus moths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fungus_moths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pyralid_moths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pyralid_moths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>Pyralid moths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pyralid_moths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Concealer_moths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concealer_moths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.3</span> <span>Concealer moths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concealer_moths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cockroaches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cockroaches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Cockroaches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cockroaches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wood_cockroaches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wood_cockroaches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.1</span> <span>Wood cockroaches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wood_cockroaches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Household_cockroaches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Household_cockroaches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.2</span> <span>Household cockroaches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Household_cockroaches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zygentoma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zygentoma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Zygentoma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zygentoma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lepismatidae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lepismatidae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.1</span> <span>Lepismatidae</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lepismatidae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Management</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_human_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_human_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>In human culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_human_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knihomol_(hmyz)" title="Knihomol (hmyz) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Knihomol (hmyz)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogorm" title="Bogorm – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bogorm" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polilla_de_los_libros" title="Polilla de los libros – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Polilla de los libros" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasites_du_livre" title="Parasites du livre – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Parasites du livre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutu_buku" title="Kutu buku – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kutu buku" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Книжен молец – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Книжен молец" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bokorm" title="Bokorm – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bokorm" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitob_qurti_(hasharot)" title="Kitob qurti (hasharot) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kitob qurti (hasharot)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3l_ksi%C4%85%C5%BCkowy" title="Mól książkowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mól książkowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bookworm_(insect)" title="Bookworm (insect) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bookworm (insect)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uod_ng_aklat_(kulisap)" title="Uod ng aklat (kulisap) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Uod ng aklat (kulisap)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">Any insect that is said to bore through books</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bookworm_damage_on_Errata_page.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Bookworm_damage_on_Errata_page.jpg/290px-Bookworm_damage_on_Errata_page.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Bookworm_damage_on_Errata_page.jpg/435px-Bookworm_damage_on_Errata_page.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Bookworm_damage_on_Errata_page.jpg/580px-Bookworm_damage_on_Errata_page.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3197" data-file-height="1719" /></a><figcaption>Pages riddled with bookworm damage on <a href="/wiki/Errata" class="mw-redirect" title="Errata">Errata</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bookworm_traces.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Bookworm_traces.JPG/220px-Bookworm_traces.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Bookworm_traces.JPG/330px-Bookworm_traces.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Bookworm_traces.JPG/440px-Bookworm_traces.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>Traces of a bookworm in a book</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bookworm_Grub_and_the_damage_done.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Bookworm_Grub_and_the_damage_done.jpg/220px-Bookworm_Grub_and_the_damage_done.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Bookworm_Grub_and_the_damage_done.jpg/330px-Bookworm_Grub_and_the_damage_done.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Bookworm_Grub_and_the_damage_done.jpg/440px-Bookworm_Grub_and_the_damage_done.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>A bookworm / beetle grub found inside a paperback book, showing some of the damage it has wrought</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Bookworm</b> is a general name for any <a href="/wiki/Insect" title="Insect">insect</a> that is said to bore through <a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">books</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Distillations_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Distillations-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The damage to books that is commonly attributed to "bookworms" is often caused by the <a href="/wiki/Larva" title="Larva">larvae</a> of various types of insects, including <a href="/wiki/Beetle" title="Beetle">beetles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moth" title="Moth">moths</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cockroach" title="Cockroach">cockroaches</a>, which may bore or chew through books seeking food. The damage is not caused by any species of <a href="/wiki/Worm" title="Worm">worm</a>. Some such larvae exhibit a superficial resemblance to worms and are the likely inspiration for the term, though they are not true worms. In other cases, <a href="/wiki/Termite" title="Termite">termites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carpenter_ant" title="Carpenter ant">carpenter ants</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Woodboring_beetle" title="Woodboring beetle">woodboring beetles</a> will first infest wooden bookshelves and later feed on books placed upon the shelves, attracted by the <a href="/wiki/Pulp_(paper)" title="Pulp (paper)">wood-pulp</a> <a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">paper</a> used in most commercial book production. </p><p>True book-borers are uncommon. The primary food sources for many "bookworms" are the leather or cloth bindings of a book, the glue used in the binding process, or molds and fungi that grow on or inside books. When the pages themselves are attacked, a gradual encroachment across the surface of one page or a small number of pages is typical, rather than the boring of holes through the entire book.<sup id="cite_ref-Cornell_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cornell-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term has come to have a second, idiomatic meaning of a <a href="/wiki/Bibliophile" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliophile">bibliophile</a>, who reads a great deal or to perceived excess: someone who devours books metaphorically. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Booklice">Booklice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bookworm_(insect)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Booklice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Psocoptera" title="Psocoptera">Psocoptera</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Book_louse_03.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Book_louse_03.JPG/220px-Book_louse_03.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Book_louse_03.JPG/330px-Book_louse_03.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Book_louse_03.JPG/440px-Book_louse_03.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3584" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>A booklouse</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>booklouse</b>, also known as a <b>paperlouse</b>, is a soft-bodied, wingless insect in the order <a href="/wiki/Psocoptera" title="Psocoptera">Psocoptera</a> (usually <i><a href="/wiki/Trogium_pulsatorium" title="Trogium pulsatorium">Trogium pulsatorium</a></i>), typically 1 mm or less in length. Booklice feed on microscopic <a href="/wiki/Mold_(fungus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mold (fungus)">molds</a> and other organic matter found in or on aging items that have been stored in places that lack the climate control necessary to inhibit organic growth. Areas of archives, libraries, and museums that are cool, damp, dark, and generally undisturbed are common sites for such growth, generating a food source which subsequently attracts booklice. Booklice will also attack bindings, glue, and paper. </p><p>Despite their name, booklice are not considered to be true <a href="/wiki/Louse" title="Louse">lice</a>, as they do not feed on a living host. </p><p>By the 20th century, bookbinding materials had developed a high resistance against damage by various types of book-boring insects.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many museums and archives in possession of materials vulnerable to booklouse damage employ pest control methods to manage existing infestations and make use of climate control to prevent the growth of potential booklouse food sources.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_book-eating_insects">Other book-eating insects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bookworm_(insect)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Other book-eating insects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beetles">Beetles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bookworm_(insect)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Beetles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Of the quarter million species of beetles, some adults damage books by eating paper and binding materials themselves. However, their larvae do the most damage. Typically eggs are laid on the book's edges and spine. Upon hatching, they bore into, and sometimes even through, the book.<sup id="cite_ref-Cornell_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cornell-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Drugstore_beetle_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Drugstore_beetle_02.jpg/220px-Drugstore_beetle_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Drugstore_beetle_02.jpg/330px-Drugstore_beetle_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Drugstore_beetle_02.jpg/440px-Drugstore_beetle_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="491" /></a><figcaption>Drugstore beetle on a human finger</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Woodboring_beetles"><a href="/wiki/Ptinidae" title="Ptinidae">Woodboring beetles</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bookworm_(insect)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Woodboring beetles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_furniture_beetle" title="Common furniture beetle">Common furniture beetle</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deathwatch_beetle" title="Deathwatch beetle">Deathwatch beetle</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The genus <i><a href="/wiki/Gastrallus" title="Gastrallus">Gastrallus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gastrallus_indicus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gastrallus indicus (page does not exist)">Indian bookworm beetle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptinus_tectus" title="Ptinus tectus">Australian spider beetle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasioderma_serricorne" title="Lasioderma serricorne">Cigarette beetle</a><sup id="cite_ref-ufl_drugstore_beetle_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ufl_drugstore_beetle-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drugstore_beetle" title="Drugstore beetle">Drugstore beetle</a><sup id="cite_ref-ufl_drugstore_beetle_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ufl_drugstore_beetle-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Auger_beetles"><a href="/wiki/Bostrichidae" title="Bostrichidae">Auger beetles</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bookworm_(insect)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Auger beetles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhyzopertha" title="Rhyzopertha">Lesser grain borer</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Long_horned_beetles"><a href="/wiki/Cerambycidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerambycidae">Long horned beetles</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bookworm_(insect)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Long horned beetles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hylotrupes" title="Hylotrupes">House longhorn beetle</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bark_beetles"><a href="/wiki/Cucujidae" title="Cucujidae">Bark beetles</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bookworm_(insect)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bark beetles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laemophloeidae" title="Laemophloeidae">Flat bark beetle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oryzaephilus_mercator" title="Oryzaephilus mercator">Merchant beetle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oryzaephilus_surinamensis" title="Oryzaephilus surinamensis">Sawtoothed grain beetle</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="True_weevils"><a href="/wiki/Curculionidae" title="Curculionidae">True weevils</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bookworm_(insect)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: True weevils"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rice_weevil" title="Rice weevil">Rice weevil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_weevil" title="Wheat weevil">Wheat weevil</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CSIRO_ScienceImage_2899_Larvae_stage_of_a_museum_beetle_Anthrenus_museorum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/CSIRO_ScienceImage_2899_Larvae_stage_of_a_museum_beetle_Anthrenus_museorum.jpg/220px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_2899_Larvae_stage_of_a_museum_beetle_Anthrenus_museorum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/CSIRO_ScienceImage_2899_Larvae_stage_of_a_museum_beetle_Anthrenus_museorum.jpg/330px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_2899_Larvae_stage_of_a_museum_beetle_Anthrenus_museorum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/CSIRO_ScienceImage_2899_Larvae_stage_of_a_museum_beetle_Anthrenus_museorum.jpg/440px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_2899_Larvae_stage_of_a_museum_beetle_Anthrenus_museorum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1772" data-file-height="1159" /></a><figcaption>Larval stage of the museum beetle <i>Anthrenus museorum</i></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Skin_beetles"><a href="/wiki/Dermestidae" title="Dermestidae">Skin beetles</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bookworm_(insect)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Skin beetles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These beetles have been known to feed on leather bindings. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthrenus_flavipes" title="Anthrenus flavipes">Furniture carpet beetle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthrenus_museorum" title="Anthrenus museorum">Museum beetle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthrenus_scrophulariae" title="Anthrenus scrophulariae">Common carpet beetle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varied_carpet_beetle" title="Varied carpet beetle">Varied carpet beetle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attagenus_pellio" title="Attagenus pellio">Fur beetle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_carpet_beetle" title="Black carpet beetle">Black carpet beetle</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dermestes_coarctatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dermestes coarctatus (page does not exist)">Dermestes coarctatus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dermestes_lardarius" title="Dermestes lardarius">Larder beetle</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dermestes_maculatus" title="Dermestes maculatus">Dermestes maculatus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dermestes_vorax&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dermestes vorax (page does not exist)">Dermestes vorax</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khapra_beetle" title="Khapra beetle">Khapra beetle</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reesa" title="Reesa">Reesa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trogoderma_versicolor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trogoderma versicolor (page does not exist)">Trogoderma versicolor</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thylodrias" title="Thylodrias">Odd beetle</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Powderpost_beetles"><a href="/wiki/Powderpost_beetle" title="Powderpost beetle">Powderpost beetles</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bookworm_(insect)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Powderpost beetles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyctus_africanus" title="Lyctus africanus">African powderpost beetle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyctus_brunneus" title="Lyctus brunneus">Brown powderpost beetle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyctus_planicollis" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyctus planicollis">Black powderpost beetle</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Darkling_beetles"><a href="/wiki/Darkling_beetle" title="Darkling beetle">Darkling beetles</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bookworm_(insect)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Darkling beetles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confused_flour_beetle" title="Confused flour beetle">Confused flour beetle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destructive_flour_beetle" title="Destructive flour beetle">Destructive flour beetle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenebrio_obscurus" title="Tenebrio obscurus">Dark mealworm beetle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mealworm" title="Mealworm">Mealworm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_flour_beetle" title="Red flour beetle">Red flour beetle</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Termites">Termites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bookworm_(insect)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Termites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Termites are the most devastating type of book-eating pest. They will eat almost every part of a book including paper, cloth, and cardboard, not to mention the damage that can be done to shelves. Termites can make entire collections unusable before the infestation is even noticed.<sup id="cite_ref-Cornell_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cornell-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cryptotermes_brevis" title="Cryptotermes brevis">Powderpost termite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incisitermes_minor" title="Incisitermes minor">Western drywood termite</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hercules_Ant_(Camponotus_herculeanus).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Hercules_Ant_%28Camponotus_herculeanus%29.jpg/250px-Hercules_Ant_%28Camponotus_herculeanus%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Hercules_Ant_%28Camponotus_herculeanus%29.jpg/330px-Hercules_Ant_%28Camponotus_herculeanus%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Hercules_Ant_%28Camponotus_herculeanus%29.jpg/500px-Hercules_Ant_%28Camponotus_herculeanus%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Hercules Ant (<i>Camponotus herculeanus</i>)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ants">Ants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bookworm_(insect)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Ants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some species of ants can damage books in a way that is similar to termites.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_carpenter_ant" title="Black carpenter ant">Black carpenter ant</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Camponotus_obscuripes" title="Camponotus obscuripes">Camponotus obscuripes</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camponotus_herculeanus" title="Camponotus herculeanus">Hercules ant</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moths">Moths</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bookworm_(insect)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Moths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Clothes_moth" title="Clothes moth">Clothes moths</a> will, in addition to attacking clothes and fabrics, also feed on bookbindings, decaying organic material (which includes paper), and mold. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fungus_moths"><a href="/wiki/Tineidae" title="Tineidae">Fungus moths</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bookworm_(insect)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Fungus moths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carpet_moth" title="Carpet moth">Carpet moth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinea_pellionella" title="Tinea pellionella">Case-bearing clothes moth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tineola_bisselliella" title="Tineola bisselliella">Common clothing moth</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tineola_bisselliella_E-MK-17521a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Tineola_bisselliella_E-MK-17521a.jpg/250px-Tineola_bisselliella_E-MK-17521a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Tineola_bisselliella_E-MK-17521a.jpg/330px-Tineola_bisselliella_E-MK-17521a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Tineola_bisselliella_E-MK-17521a.jpg/500px-Tineola_bisselliella_E-MK-17521a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="474" /></a><figcaption><i>Tineola bisselliella</i>, common clothing moth</figcaption></figure><sup id="cite_ref-controllingpests_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-controllingpests-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Integrated_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Integrated-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pyralid_moths"><a href="/wiki/Pyralidae" title="Pyralidae">Pyralid moths</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bookworm_(insect)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Pyralid moths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_flour_moth" title="Mediterranean flour moth">Mediterranean flour moth</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianmeal_moth" title="Indianmeal moth">Indianmeal moth</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephestia_elutella" title="Ephestia elutella">Warehouse moth</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Concealer_moths"><a href="/wiki/Oecophoridae" title="Oecophoridae">Concealer moths</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bookworm_(insect)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Concealer moths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hofmannophila_pseudospretella" class="mw-redirect" title="Hofmannophila pseudospretella">brown house moth</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Integrated_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Integrated-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cockroaches">Cockroaches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bookworm_(insect)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Cockroaches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Book-damaging cockroach species chew away at the starch in cloth bindings and paper. Their droppings can also harm books.<sup id="cite_ref-Cornell_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cornell-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wood_cockroaches"><a href="/wiki/Ectobiidae" title="Ectobiidae">Wood cockroaches</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bookworm_(insect)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Wood cockroaches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_cockroach" title="German cockroach">German cockroach</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Household_cockroaches"><a href="/wiki/Blattidae" title="Blattidae">Household cockroaches</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bookworm_(insect)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Household cockroaches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_cockroach" title="American cockroach">American cockroach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_cockroach" title="Oriental cockroach">Oriental cockroach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smokybrown_cockroach" title="Smokybrown cockroach">Smokybrown cockroach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_cockroach" title="Australian cockroach">Australian cockroach</a><sup id="cite_ref-Cornell_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cornell-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zygentoma"><a href="/wiki/Zygentoma" title="Zygentoma">Zygentoma</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bookworm_(insect)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Zygentoma"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These insects consume portions of books that contain <a href="/wiki/Polysaccharide" title="Polysaccharide">polysaccharides</a>. Paper that is slightly ragged at the edges is usually the work of silverfish.<sup id="cite_ref-Cornell_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cornell-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-controllingpests_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-controllingpests-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LepismaSaccharina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LepismaSaccharina.jpg/250px-LepismaSaccharina.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LepismaSaccharina.jpg/330px-LepismaSaccharina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/LepismaSaccharina.jpg/500px-LepismaSaccharina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="1425" /></a><figcaption>Silverfish (<i>Lepisma saccharina</i>)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lepismatidae"><a href="/wiki/Lepismatidae" title="Lepismatidae">Lepismatidae</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bookworm_(insect)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Lepismatidae"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firebrat" title="Firebrat">Firebrat</a><sup id="cite_ref-Thomas_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silverfish" title="Silverfish">Silverfish</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thermobia_domesticae_-_Firebrat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Thermobia_domesticae_-_Firebrat.jpg/250px-Thermobia_domesticae_-_Firebrat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Thermobia_domesticae_-_Firebrat.jpg/330px-Thermobia_domesticae_-_Firebrat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Thermobia_domesticae_-_Firebrat.jpg/500px-Thermobia_domesticae_-_Firebrat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2097" data-file-height="2033" /></a><figcaption><i>Thermobia domestica</i>, firebrat</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Management">Management</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bookworm_(insect)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Human awareness of bookworms dates back to the <a href="/wiki/Medieval_literature" title="Medieval literature">Middle Ages</a>, when infested books were identified and <a href="/wiki/Book_burning" title="Book burning">burned</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Frenemies_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frenemies-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pesticide" title="Pesticide">Pesticides</a> can be used to protect books from these insects, but they are often made with harsh chemicals that make them an unattractive option. Museums and universities that want to keep their archives bookworm free without using pesticides often turn towards temperature control. Books can be stored at low temperatures that keep eggs from hatching, or placed in a deep-freezer to kill larvae and adults. The idea was taken from commercial food storage practices, as they are often dealing with the same pests. <sup id="cite_ref-Thomas_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pseudoscorpion" title="Pseudoscorpion">Pseudoscorpions</a> such as <i><a href="/wiki/Chelifer_cancroides" title="Chelifer cancroides">Chelifer cancroides</a></i> may live in books and feed on book-eating insects, controlling their numbers.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_human_culture">In human culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bookworm_(insect)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: In human culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bookworms were one of the threats to book preservation identified by 19th Century collector and printer <a href="/wiki/William_Blades" title="William Blades">William Blades</a> in his work <i><a href="/wiki/The_Enemies_of_Books" title="The Enemies of Books">The Enemies of Books</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Frenemies_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frenemies-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> How to protect papyrus, paper (and later parchment) collections from bugs is a topic that already <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a> was interested in and that kept librarians busy through the centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term bookworm is also used <a href="/wiki/Idiom" title="Idiom">idiomatically</a> to describe an avid or voracious reader,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or a <a href="/wiki/Bibliophile" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliophile">bibliophile</a>. In its earliest iterations, it had a negative <a href="/wiki/Connotation" title="Connotation">connotation</a>, referring to someone who would rather read than participate in the world around them. Over the years its meaning has drifted in a more positive direction.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Bookworm_(video_game)" title="Bookworm (video game)">Bookworm</a></i> is a word-forming <a href="/wiki/Puzzle_video_game" title="Puzzle video game">puzzle video game</a> developed by <a href="/wiki/PopCap_Games" title="PopCap Games">PopCap Games</a> that follows Lex, an actual bookworm who accompanies the player as they form words from the deck. From a grid of available letters, players connect letters to form words. The game was well received by various audiences and has become the most downloaded word puzzle game, being downloaded over 100 million times. The game was given a follow-up entitled <i><a href="/wiki/Bookworm_Adventures" title="Bookworm Adventures">Bookworm Adventures</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bookworm_(insect)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bookworm_(insect)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-britannica-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-britannica_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/animal/bookworm">"Bookworm insect"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>, inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pest+Control+%7C+Library+Preservation+and+Conservation+Tutorial&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchinapreservationtutorial.library.cornell.edu%2Fcontent%2Fpest-control&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABookworm+%28insect%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMurray2009" class="citation book cs1">Murray, Stuart (2009). <i>The Library: An Illustrated History</i>. 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Retrieved 7 May 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/rest.1984.6.issue-3-4/rest.1984.6.3-4.147/rest.1984.6.3-4.147.xml">The Yale Non-toxic Method of Eradicating Book-eating Insects by Deep-freezing</a> Kenneth Nesheim</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCrew2014" class="citation web cs1">Crew, Bec (August 25, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/running-ponies/how-book-scorpions-tend-to-your-dusty-tomes">"How Book Scorpions Tend to Your Dusty Tomes"</a>. <i>Scientific American</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=How+Book+Scorpions+Tend+to+Your+Dusty+Tomes&rft.date=2014-08-25&rft.aulast=Crew&rft.aufirst=Bec&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.scientificamerican.com%2Frunning-ponies%2Fhow-book-scorpions-tend-to-your-dusty-tomes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABookworm+%28insect%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicole C. Karafyllis, Jörg Overmann, Ulrich Johannes Schneider, Christoph Mackert (eds.): The contaminated library: microbes in book culture. Leipzig 2023, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ul.qucosa.de/landing-page/https%3A%2F%2Ful.qucosa.de%2Fapi%2Fqucosa%253A86921%2Fmets%2F/">open access</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619160038/https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/bookworm">"Bookworm"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i>. Lexico. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/bookworm">the original</a> on June 19, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Bookworm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fen%2Fdefinition%2Fbookworm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABookworm+%28insect%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/is-the-meaning-of-bookworm-positive-or-negative">"Is 'bookworm' positive or negative?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Merriam_Webster" class="mw-redirect" title="Merriam Webster">Merriam Webster</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Is+%27bookworm%27+positive+or+negative%3F&rft.pub=Merriam+Webster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fwords-at-play%2Fis-the-meaning-of-bookworm-positive-or-negative&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABookworm+%28insect%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bookworm_(insect)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bookworms" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bookworms">Bookworms</a></span>.</div></div> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Bookworm" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Bookworm">Bookworm</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WE08AAAAMAAJ&q=book+worms%2C">"John Francis Xavier O'Conor, Facts about bookworms: their history in literature and work in libraries (New York: Francis P. Harper, 1898.)</a></li> <li>Dr. John V. Richardson Jr., PhD.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jvrichardsonjr.net/insects/pests.htm">"Bookworms: The Most Common Insect Pests of Paper in Archives, Libraries, and Museums"</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.termite.com.au/borers-pest-control.html">"Timber Borers – Anobium & Lyctus Borers"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0008/000821/082141eo.pdf">"Study on integrated pest management for libraries and archives" – prepared by Thomas A Parker for the General Information Programme and UNISIST (Paris: Unesco, 1988)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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size">Size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typesetting" title="Typesetting">Typesetting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volume_(bibliography)" title="Volume (bibliography)">Volume (bibliography)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collection_(publishing)" title="Collection (publishing)">Collection (publishing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_series" title="Book series">Book series</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Consumption</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literary_award" title="Literary award">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bestseller" title="Bestseller">Bestsellers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_books" title="List of best-selling books">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography" title="Bibliography">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliomania" title="Bibliomania">Bibliomania</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tsundoku" title="Tsundoku">tsundoku</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliophilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliophilia">Bibliophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliotherapy" title="Bibliotherapy">Bibliotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bookmark" title="Bookmark">Bookmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bookselling" title="Bookselling">Bookselling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blurb" title="Blurb">blurbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_town" title="Book town">book towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_bookselling" title="History of bookselling">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Used_book" title="Used book">used</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_censorship" title="Book censorship">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_discussion_club" title="Book discussion club">Clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_collecting" title="Book collecting">Collecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_scanning" title="Book scanning">Digitizing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bookworm (insect)</a></li> <li>Furniture <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bookcase" title="Bookcase">bookcases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bookend" title="Bookend">bookends</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library" title="Library">Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Print_culture" title="Print culture">Print culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading" title="Reading">Reading</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literacy" title="Literacy">literacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_review" title="Book review">Reviews</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_Brazil" title="Books in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_bookbinding" title="Traditional Chinese bookbinding">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_France" title="Books in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_Germany" title="Books in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_Italy" title="Books in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Was%C5%8Dbon" title="Wasōbon">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_the_Netherlands" title="Books in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_and_publishing_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Books and publishing in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_Spain" title="Books in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Books in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_the_United_States" title="Books in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Genres <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fictional_book" class="mw-redirect" title="Fictional book">fictional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_book" title="Miniature book">miniature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop-up_book" title="Pop-up book">pop-up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textbook" title="Textbook">textbook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimoire" title="Grimoire">Grimoire</a></li> <li>Formats <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audiobook" title="Audiobook">audiobooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebook" title="Ebook">Ebooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folio" title="Folio">Folio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_table_book" title="Coffee table book">Coffee table book</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_banned_books" title="Lists of banned books">Banned books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_burning" title="Book burning">Book burning</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_book-burning_incidents" title="List of book-burning incidents">incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_book_burnings" title="Nazi book burnings">Nazi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_curse" title="Book curse">Book curses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_packaging" title="Book packaging">Book packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_swapping" title="Book swapping">Book swapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_tour" title="Book tour">Book tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_books,_manuscripts,_documents_and_ephemera" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation and restoration of books, manuscripts, documents and ephemera">Conservation and restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_ears" title="Dog ears">Dog ears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_books" title="History of books">History of books</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scroll" title="Scroll">scroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex" title="Codex">codex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">Intellectual property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novel" title="Novel">Novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_books" title="Outline of books">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preservation_(library_and_archive)" title="Preservation (library and archive)">Preservation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Philobiblon" title="The Philobiblon">The Philobiblon</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Book_Day" title="World Book Day">World Book Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Book_Capital" title="World Book Capital">World Book Capital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/20px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/40px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_books" title="Outline of books">Outline</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a 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wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg/19px-Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg/29px-Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg/38px-Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Books" title="Portal:Books">Books</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.png/20px-Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.png/40px-Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.png 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