CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Coronation of Napoleon - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"e7548862-d7ee-4123-878a-f266dc44794c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Coronation_of_Napoleon","wgTitle":"Coronation of Napoleon","wgCurRevisionId":1275490931,"wgRevisionId":1275490931,"wgArticleId":24587366,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from December 2014","CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use mdy dates from November 2020","Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020","Commons category link is on Wikidata","1804 in France","Coronations of French monarchs","First French Empire","Napoleon","1800s in Paris","Notre-Dame de Paris","December 1804","Joséphine de Beauharnais","Paris in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Coronation_of_Napoleon","wgRelevantArticleId":24587366,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q973118","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.21"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Coronation_of_Napoleon_%281805-1807%29.jpg/1200px-Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Coronation_of_Napoleon_%281805-1807%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="755"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Coronation_of_Napoleon_%281805-1807%29.jpg/800px-Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Coronation_of_Napoleon_%281805-1807%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="503"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Coronation_of_Napoleon_%281805-1807%29.jpg/640px-Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Coronation_of_Napoleon_%281805-1807%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="402"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Coronation of Napoleon - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronation_of_Napoleon"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Coronation_of_Napoleon&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronation_of_Napoleon"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Coronation_of_Napoleon rootpage-Coronation_of_Napoleon skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Coronation+of+Napoleon" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Coronation+of+Napoleon" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Coronation+of+Napoleon" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Coronation+of+Napoleon" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Preparations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preparations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Preparations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preparations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ceremony" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ceremony"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ceremony</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ceremony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Coronation of Napoleon</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AC_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="تتويج نابليون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تتويج نابليون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronaci%C3%B3_de_Napole%C3%B3_I" title="Coronació de Napoleó I – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Coronació de Napoleó I" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiserkr%C3%B6nung_Napoleons_I." title="Kaiserkrönung Napoleons I. – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kaiserkrönung Napoleons I." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleoni_kroonimine" title="Napoleoni kroonimine – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Napoleoni kroonimine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%88%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9D%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1_%CE%91%CE%84" title="Στέψη του Ναπολέοντα Α΄ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Στέψη του Ναπολέοντα Α΄" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronaci%C3%B3n_de_Napole%C3%B3n" title="Coronación de Napoleón – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Coronación de Napoleón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kronigo_de_Napoleono_la_1-a" title="Kronigo de Napoleono la 1-a – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kronigo de Napoleono la 1-a" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacre_de_Napol%C3%A9on_Ier" title="Sacre de Napoléon Ier – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sacre de Napoléon Ier" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incoronazione_di_Napoleone" title="Incoronazione di Napoleone – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Incoronazione di Napoleone" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroning_van_Napoleon" title="Kroning van Napoleon – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kroning van Napoleon" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_I" title="Коронация Наполеона I – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Коронация Наполеона I" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posve%C4%87enje_Napoleona_I" title="Posvećenje Napoleona I – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Posvećenje Napoleona I" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleons_kr%C3%B6ning_(ceremoni)" title="Napoleons kröning (ceremoni) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Napoleons kröning (ceremoni)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_I" title="Коронація Наполеона I – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Коронація Наполеона I" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E5%B4%99%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96%E5%92%8C%E7%B4%84%E7%91%9F%E8%8A%AC%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E%E7%9A%84%E5%8A%A0%E5%86%95%E7%A6%AE" title="拿破崙一世和約瑟芬皇后的加冕禮 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="拿破崙一世和約瑟芬皇后的加冕禮" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q973118#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Napoleon" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Coronation_of_Napoleon" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Napoleon"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coronation_of_Napoleon&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coronation_of_Napoleon&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Napoleon"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coronation_of_Napoleon&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coronation_of_Napoleon&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Coronation_of_Napoleon" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Coronation_of_Napoleon" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coronation_of_Napoleon&oldid=1275490931" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coronation_of_Napoleon&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Coronation_of_Napoleon&id=1275490931&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCoronation_of_Napoleon"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCoronation_of_Napoleon"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Coronation_of_Napoleon&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coronation_of_Napoleon&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Coronation_of_Napoleon_I" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q973118" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1804 French royal event</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the painting, see <a href="/wiki/The_Coronation_of_Napoleon" title="The Coronation of Napoleon">The Coronation of Napoleon</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Coronation of Napoleon and Josephine</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:#aaa solid 1px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Coronation_of_Napoleon_(1805-1807).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Coronation_of_Napoleon_%281805-1807%29.jpg/240px-Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Coronation_of_Napoleon_%281805-1807%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Coronation_of_Napoleon_%281805-1807%29.jpg/360px-Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Coronation_of_Napoleon_%281805-1807%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Coronation_of_Napoleon_%281805-1807%29.jpg/480px-Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Coronation_of_Napoleon_%281805-1807%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="3773" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Coronation_of_Napoleon" title="The Coronation of Napoleon">Consecration of the Emperor Napoleon I and Coronation of the Empress Josephine in the Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris on December 2, 1804</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jacques-Louis_David" title="Jacques-Louis David">Jacques-Louis David</a> (completed in 1808)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">December 2, 1804 <br />(11 Frimaire XIII)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Notre-Dame de Paris">Notre-Dame de Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Participants</th><td class="infobox-data attendee" style="text-align: left;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Napoleon_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Napoleon I">Emperor Napoleon I</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Josephine" class="mw-redirect" title="Empress Josephine">Empress Josephine</a></li><li>others</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I">Napoleon I</a> and his wife <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9phine_de_Beauharnais" title="Joséphine de Beauharnais">Joséphine</a> were crowned <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_the_French" title="Emperor of the French">Emperor</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_French_royal_consorts" title="List of French royal consorts">Empress of the French</a> on Sunday, December 2, 1804 (11 <a href="/wiki/Frimaire" title="Frimaire">Frimaire</a>, Year XIII according to the <a href="/wiki/French_Republican_calendar" title="French Republican calendar">French Republican calendar</a>, commonly used at the time in France), at <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Notre-Dame de Paris">Notre-Dame de Paris</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>. It marked "the instantiation of [the] <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">modern empire</a>" and was a "transparently masterminded piece of modern propaganda".<sup id="cite_ref-PorterfieldSiegfried2006_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PorterfieldSiegfried2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Napoleon wanted to establish the legitimacy of his imperial reign with its new dynasty and nobility. To this end, he designed a new <a href="/wiki/Coronation" title="Coronation">coronation</a> ceremony unlike that <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_French_monarch" title="Coronation of the French monarch">for the kings of France</a>, which had emphasised the king's consecration (<i>sacre</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Anointing" title="Anointing">anointment</a> and was conferred by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Reims" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Reims">archbishop of Reims</a> in <a href="/wiki/Reims_Cathedral" title="Reims Cathedral">Reims Cathedral</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund2005_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund2005-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Napoleon's was a sacred ceremony held in the great cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris in the presence of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VII" title="Pope Pius VII">Pope Pius VII</a>. Napoleon brought together various rites and customs, incorporating ceremonies of <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingian</a> tradition, the <i><a href="/wiki/Ancien_r%C3%A9gime" title="Ancien régime">ancien régime</a>,</i> and the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, all presented in sumptuous luxury.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 18, 1804, the <i><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9nat_conservateur" title="Sénat conservateur">Sénat conservateur</a></i> vested the Republican government of the <a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">French First Republic</a> in an emperor, and preparations for the coronation followed. Napoleon's elevation to emperor was overwhelmingly approved by the French people in the <a href="/wiki/1804_French_constitutional_referendum" title="1804 French constitutional referendum">French constitutional referendum of 1804</a>. Among Napoleon's motivations for being crowned were to gain prestige in international <a href="/wiki/Royalist" title="Royalist">royalist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a> circles and to lay the foundation for a future dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund2005_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund2005-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 243">: 243 </span></sup> </p><p>In 1805, Napoleon was also separately crowned with the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Crown" title="Iron Crown">Iron Crown</a> as <a href="/wiki/King_of_Italy" title="King of Italy">King of Italy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Milan_Cathedral" title="Milan Cathedral">Milan Cathedral</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preparations">Preparations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coronation_of_Napoleon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Preparations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:This_stool_was_part_of_a_set_made_for_the_reception_of_Napoleon_by_the_corps_legislatif_after_his_coronation_as_emperor._Made_in_the_workshop_of_Jacob-Desmalter._Designed_by_Bernard_Poyet._1805_CE._The_Victoria_and_Albert_Museum,_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/This_stool_was_part_of_a_set_made_for_the_reception_of_Napoleon_by_the_corps_legislatif_after_his_coronation_as_emperor._Made_in_the_workshop_of_Jacob-Desmalter._Designed_by_Bernard_Poyet._1805_CE._The_Victoria_and_Albert_Museum%2C_London.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/This_stool_was_part_of_a_set_made_for_the_reception_of_Napoleon_by_the_corps_legislatif_after_his_coronation_as_emperor._Made_in_the_workshop_of_Jacob-Desmalter._Designed_by_Bernard_Poyet._1805_CE._The_Victoria_and_Albert_Museum%2C_London.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/This_stool_was_part_of_a_set_made_for_the_reception_of_Napoleon_by_the_corps_legislatif_after_his_coronation_as_emperor._Made_in_the_workshop_of_Jacob-Desmalter._Designed_by_Bernard_Poyet._1805_CE._The_Victoria_and_Albert_Museum%2C_London.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4944" data-file-height="3818" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Curule_seat" title="Curule seat">curule seat</a> that was part of a set made for the reception of Napoleon by the <i><a href="/wiki/Corps_l%C3%A9gislatif" title="Corps législatif">Corps législatif</a></i> after his coronation as emperor. Made in the workshop of <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Honor%C3%A9-Georges_Jacob-Desmalter" title="François-Honoré-Georges Jacob-Desmalter">Jacob-Desmalter</a> and designed by <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Poyet" title="Bernard Poyet">Bernard Poyet</a>, 1805</figcaption></figure> <p>When <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VII" title="Pope Pius VII">Pope Pius VII</a> agreed to come to Paris to officiate at Napoleon's coronation, it was initially established that it would follow the coronation liturgy in the Roman Pontifical.<sup id="cite_ref-Woolley_1915_https://archive.org/details/coronationrites00wooluoft/page/106_106_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woolley_1915_https://archive.org/details/coronationrites00wooluoft/page/106_106-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, after the Pope's arrival, Napoleon persuaded the papal delegation to allow the introduction of several French elements in the rite<sup id="cite_ref-Woolley_1915_https://archive.org/details/coronationrites00wooluoft/page/106_106_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woolley_1915_https://archive.org/details/coronationrites00wooluoft/page/106_106-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – such as the singing of the <i><a href="/wiki/Veni_Creator_Spiritus" title="Veni Creator Spiritus">Veni Creator Spiritus</a></i> followed by the collect of Pentecost for the monarch's entrance procession, the use of <a href="/wiki/Chrism" title="Chrism">chrism</a> instead of the <a href="/wiki/Oil_of_catechumens" title="Oil of catechumens">oil of catechumens</a> for the anointing (although the Roman anointing prayers were used), placing the sacred oil on the head and hands rather than the right arm and back of the neck, and the inclusion of several prayers and formulas from the coronations of French kings, to bless the regalia as it was delivered. In essence, French and Roman elements were combined into a new rite unique to the occasion.<sup id="cite_ref-Woolley1915_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woolley1915-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, the special rite composed <i>ad hoc</i> allowed Napoleon to remain mostly seated and not kneeling during the delivery of the regalia and during several other ceremonies, and reduced his acceptance of the oath demanded by the Church in the beginning of the liturgy to one word only.<sup id="cite_ref-Woolley1915_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woolley1915-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Percier_et_Fontaine_003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Percier_et_Fontaine_003.jpg/220px-Percier_et_Fontaine_003.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Percier_et_Fontaine_003.jpg/330px-Percier_et_Fontaine_003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Percier_et_Fontaine_003.jpg/440px-Percier_et_Fontaine_003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="1003" /></a><figcaption>Arrival of Napoleon at Notre-Dame for his coronation</figcaption></figure> <p>Not wanting to be an <i>ancien régime</i> monarch, Napoleon explained: "To be a king is to inherit old ideas and genealogy. I don't want to descend from anyone."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ceremony">Ceremony</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coronation_of_Napoleon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ceremony"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M%C3%A9daille_c%C3%A9l%C3%A9brant_le_sacre_de_Napol%C3%A9on_Ier_par_Pie_VII.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/M%C3%A9daille_c%C3%A9l%C3%A9brant_le_sacre_de_Napol%C3%A9on_Ier_par_Pie_VII.jpg/250px-M%C3%A9daille_c%C3%A9l%C3%A9brant_le_sacre_de_Napol%C3%A9on_Ier_par_Pie_VII.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/M%C3%A9daille_c%C3%A9l%C3%A9brant_le_sacre_de_Napol%C3%A9on_Ier_par_Pie_VII.jpg/330px-M%C3%A9daille_c%C3%A9l%C3%A9brant_le_sacre_de_Napol%C3%A9on_Ier_par_Pie_VII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/M%C3%A9daille_c%C3%A9l%C3%A9brant_le_sacre_de_Napol%C3%A9on_Ier_par_Pie_VII.jpg/500px-M%C3%A9daille_c%C3%A9l%C3%A9brant_le_sacre_de_Napol%C3%A9on_Ier_par_Pie_VII.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption>Commemorative medallion with the image of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VII" title="Pope Pius VII">Pope Pius VII</a> on the obverse and Notre Dame on the reverse. Note that the date on the reverse is given both according to the Gregorian and French Revolutionary calendars.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Early_flight_02561u_(6).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Early_flight_02561u_%286%29.jpg/250px-Early_flight_02561u_%286%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Early_flight_02561u_%286%29.jpg/330px-Early_flight_02561u_%286%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Early_flight_02561u_%286%29.jpg/500px-Early_flight_02561u_%286%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="972" data-file-height="1422" /></a><figcaption>The coronation balloon</figcaption></figure> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Louis_Constant_Wairy" title="Louis Constant Wairy">Louis Constant Wairy</a>, Napoleon awoke at 8:00 a.m. to the sound of a cannonade and left the <a href="/wiki/Tuileries_Palace" title="Tuileries Palace">Tuileries Palace</a> at 11:00 a.m. in a white <a href="/wiki/Velvet" title="Velvet">velvet</a> vest embedded gold embroidery and diamond buttons, a crimson velvet tunic and a short crimson coat with <a href="/wiki/Satin" title="Satin">satin</a> lining, a wreath of laurel on his brow.<sup id="cite_ref-Junot1836_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Junot1836-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 54">: 54 </span></sup> The number of onlookers, as estimated by Wairy, was between four and five thousand, many of whom had held their places all night through intermittent showers that cleared in the morning.<sup id="cite_ref-Wairy1895_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wairy1895-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 301">: 301 </span></sup> </p><p>The ceremony started at 9:00 a.m. when the papal procession set out from the Tuileries led by a bishop on a <a href="/wiki/Mule" title="Mule">mule</a> holding aloft the papal <a href="/wiki/Crucifix" title="Crucifix">crucifix</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NC_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NC-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">pope</a> entered Notre Dame first, to the anthem <i>Tu es Petrus</i>, and took his seat on a throne near the high altar.<sup id="cite_ref-Junot1836_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Junot1836-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Napoleon and Josephine’s carriage was drawn by eight bay horses and escorted by <a href="/wiki/Mounted_Grenadiers_of_the_Imperial_Guard" title="Mounted Grenadiers of the Imperial Guard">Mounted Grenadiers of the Imperial Guard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elite_Gendarmes_of_the_Imperial_Guard" title="Elite Gendarmes of the Imperial Guard">Elite Gendarmes of the Imperial Guard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (The <a href="/wiki/Ormolu" title="Ormolu">ormolu</a> fitting from the carriage was owned for several years by American preservationist <a href="/wiki/James_Arthur_Williams" title="James Arthur Williams">Jim Williams</a>. It is seen several times in the movie <i><a href="/wiki/Midnight_in_the_Garden_of_Good_and_Evil_(film)" title="Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil (film)">Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil</a></i>.)<sup id="cite_ref-tdc2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tdc2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two parts of the ceremony were held at different ends of Notre Dame to contrast its religious and secular facets. An unmanned <a href="/wiki/Balloon" title="Balloon">balloon</a>, ablaze with three thousand lights in an imperial crown pattern, was launched from the front of Notre Dame during the celebration.<sup id="cite_ref-NC_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NC-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Napoleon_in_Coronation_Robes_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Napoleon_in_Coronation_Robes_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard.jpg/170px-Napoleon_in_Coronation_Robes_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Napoleon_in_Coronation_Robes_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard.jpg/255px-Napoleon_in_Coronation_Robes_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Napoleon_in_Coronation_Robes_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard.jpg/340px-Napoleon_in_Coronation_Robes_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1812" data-file-height="2792" /></a><figcaption>Napoleon in coronation robes by <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard" title="François Gérard">François Gérard</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Before entering Notre Dame, Napoleon was vested in a long white satin tunic embroidered in gold thread and Josephine similarly wore a white satin empire-style dress embroidered in gold thread. During the coronation he was formally clothed in a heavy <a href="/wiki/Mantle_(royal_garment)" title="Mantle (royal garment)">coronation mantle</a> of crimson velvet lined with <a href="/wiki/Stoat" title="Stoat">ermine</a>; the velvet was covered with embroidered golden bees, drawn from the golden bees among the regalia that had been discovered in the <a href="/wiki/Merovingian_dynasty" title="Merovingian dynasty">Merovingian</a> <a href="/wiki/Childeric_I#Tomb" title="Childeric I">tomb of Childeric I</a>, a symbol that looked beyond the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">Bourbon</a> past and linked the new dynasty with the ancient Merovingians; the bee replaced the <a href="/wiki/Fleur-de-lis" title="Fleur-de-lis">fleur-de-lis</a> on imperial tapestries and garments. The mantle weighed at least eighty pounds and was supported by four dignitaries.<sup id="cite_ref-Wairy1895_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wairy1895-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 299">: 299 </span></sup> Josephine was at the same time formally clothed in a similar crimson velvet mantle embroidered with bees in gold thread and lined with ermine, which was borne by Napoleon's three sisters.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were two orchestras with four choruses, numerous <a href="/wiki/Military_band" title="Military band">military bands</a> playing heroic marches, and over three hundred musicians.<sup id="cite_ref-Wairy1895_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wairy1895-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 302">: 302 </span></sup> A 400-voice choir performed <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Paisiello" title="Giovanni Paisiello">Giovanni Paisiello</a>'s Mass and <a href="/wiki/Te_Deum" title="Te Deum">Te Deum</a>. Because the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Charlemagne" title="Crown of Charlemagne">traditional coronation crown</a> had been destroyed during the French Revolution, the so-called <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Napoleon" title="Crown of Napoleon">Crown of Napoleon</a>, made to look medieval and called the "Crown of Charlemagne" for the occasion,<sup id="cite_ref-Junot1836_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Junot1836-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 55">: 55 </span></sup> was waiting on the altar. While the crown was new, the <a href="/wiki/Scepter_of_Charles_V" title="Scepter of Charles V">sceptre</a> was reputed to have belonged to <a href="/wiki/Charles_V_of_France" title="Charles V of France">Charles V</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Joyeuse" title="Joyeuse">sword</a> to <a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_France" title="Philip III of France">Philip III</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ingres,_Napoleon_on_his_Imperial_throne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Ingres%2C_Napoleon_on_his_Imperial_throne.jpg/170px-Ingres%2C_Napoleon_on_his_Imperial_throne.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Ingres%2C_Napoleon_on_his_Imperial_throne.jpg/255px-Ingres%2C_Napoleon_on_his_Imperial_throne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Ingres%2C_Napoleon_on_his_Imperial_throne.jpg/340px-Ingres%2C_Napoleon_on_his_Imperial_throne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2047" data-file-height="3364" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I_on_His_Imperial_Throne" title="Napoleon I on His Imperial Throne">Napoleon I on His Imperial Throne</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Auguste-Dominique_Ingres" title="Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres">Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres</a>, 1806</figcaption></figure> <p>The coronation proper began with the singing of the hymn <i><a href="/wiki/Veni_Creator_Spiritus" title="Veni Creator Spiritus">Veni Creator Spiritus</a></i>, followed by the versicle, "Lord, send forth your Spirit" and response, "And renew the face of the earth" and the collect for the Feast of <a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a>, "God, who has taught the hearts of your faithful by sending them the light of your Holy Spirit,..." After this the prayer, "Almighty, everlasting God, the Creator of all..."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Litany_of_the_Saints" title="Litany of the Saints">Litany of the Saints</a>, the Emperor and Empress remained seated, only kneeling for special petitions. The Emperor and Empress were both anointed on their heads and on both hands with <a href="/wiki/Chrism" title="Chrism">chrism</a> – the Emperor with the prayers, "God, the Son of God..."<sup id="cite_ref-Woolley1915_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woolley1915-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "God who established Hazael over Syria...",<sup id="cite_ref-Woolley1915_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woolley1915-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Empress with the prayer, "God the Father of eternal glory..." – while the <a href="/wiki/Antiphon" title="Antiphon">antiphon</a> <i>Unxerunt Salomonem Sadoc Sacerdos...</i> (Zadok the priest...) was sung. The Mass then began. At Napoleon's request, the <a href="/wiki/Collect" title="Collect">collect</a> of the Blessed Virgin (as the patron of the cathedral) was said in place of the proper collect for the day. After the epistle, the articles of the imperial regalia were individually blessed,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and delivered<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the Emperor and Empress.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The coronation of Napoleon and Josephine also differed in this respect from the pattern observed in other Western coronation rites: usually, in joint coronations of sovereign and consort, the sovereign is first anointed, invested with the regalia, crowned and enthroned, and only then is a similar but simplified rite of anointing, investiture, coronation and enthronement of the consort performed. However, for the coronation of Napoleon and Josephine, each of those steps was performed jointly, so that Josephine was anointed immediately after Napoleon, and each item of regalia was delivered to her immediately after being given to him, a procedure that found no precedent either in the Roman Pontifical or in the French Ceremonial.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robe_de_la_comtesse_B%C3%A9renger_au_sacre_de_Napol%C3%A9on.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Robe_de_la_comtesse_B%C3%A9renger_au_sacre_de_Napol%C3%A9on.PNG/250px-Robe_de_la_comtesse_B%C3%A9renger_au_sacre_de_Napol%C3%A9on.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Robe_de_la_comtesse_B%C3%A9renger_au_sacre_de_Napol%C3%A9on.PNG/330px-Robe_de_la_comtesse_B%C3%A9renger_au_sacre_de_Napol%C3%A9on.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Robe_de_la_comtesse_B%C3%A9renger_au_sacre_de_Napol%C3%A9on.PNG/500px-Robe_de_la_comtesse_B%C3%A9renger_au_sacre_de_Napol%C3%A9on.PNG 2x" data-file-width="529" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Last dress of Napoleon's coronation, worn by Countess Bérenger, wife of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Count_Jean_B%C3%A9renger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Count Jean Bérenger (page does not exist)">Count Jean Bérenger</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_B%C3%A9renger_(homme_politique)" class="extiw" title="fr:Jean Bérenger (homme politique)">fr</a>]</span> (1767–1850)</figcaption></figure><p> For the crowning, as recorded in the official <i><a href="/wiki/Proc%C3%A8s-verbal" title="Procès-verbal">procès-verbal</a></i> of the Coronation<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the formula <i>Coronet vos Deus...</i>, a variation to the plural of the traditional Latin formula <i>Coronet te Deus</i> (God crown you with a crown of glory and righteousness) – a formula that is also proper to the British coronation rite – was used exclusively, instead of the Roman formula <i>Accipe coronam...</i> (Receive the crown). This differed to the usage of the French royal coronations, in which both formulas – the Roman <i>Accipe coronam regni...</i> and the Anglo-French <i>Coronet te Deus...</i> – were recited successively. While the pope recited the above-mentioned formula, Napoleon turned and removed his laurel wreath and crowned himself and then crowned the kneeling Josephine with a small crown surmounted by a cross, which he had first placed on his own head.<sup id="cite_ref-Woolley1915_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woolley1915-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The crowning formula was varied to use a plural form ("<i>Coronet vos</i>..." instead of "<i>Coronet te</i>..."), precisely because the Coronation of Josephine followed immediately after the assumption of the Crown by Napoleon. As for the omitted Roman formula <i>Accipe coronam...</i>, which depicted the monarch as receiving his crown from the Church, its use would have clashed with Napoleon's decision to crown himself. Historian <a href="/wiki/J._David_Markham" title="J. David Markham">J. David Markham</a>, who also serves as head of the International Napoleonic Society,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> alleged in his book <i>Napoleon For Dummies</i> "Napoleon's detractors like to say that he snatched the crown from the pope, or that this was an act of unbelievable arrogance, but neither of those charges holds water. The most likely explanation is that Napoleon was symbolizing that he was becoming emperor based on his own merits and the will of the people, and not in the name of a religious consecration. The pope knew about this move from the beginning and had no objection (not that it would have mattered)."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> British historian <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Cronin" title="Vincent Cronin">Vincent Cronin</a> wrote in his book <i><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte:_An_Intimate_Biography" title="Napoleon Bonaparte: An Intimate Biography">Napoleon Bonaparte: An Intimate Biography</a></i> that "Napoleon told Pius that he would be placing the crown on his own head. Pius raised no objection."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Napoleon's enthronement the Pope said, "May God confirm you on this throne and may Christ give you to rule with him in his eternal kingdom".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Limited in his actions, Pius VII proclaimed further the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> formula <i>Vivat imperator in aeternum!</i> (May the Emperor live forever!), which was echoed by the full choirs in a <i>Vivat</i>, followed by "<i>Te Deum</i>". After the Mass was finished, the pope retired to the Sacristy, as he objected to presiding over or witnessing the civil oath that followed, due to its contents. With his hands on the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>, Napoleon took the oath: </p><blockquote><p>I swear to maintain the integrity of the territory of the Republic, to respect and enforce respect for the <a href="/wiki/Concordat_of_1801" title="Concordat of 1801">Concordat</a> and freedom of religion, equality of rights, political and civil liberty, the irrevocability of the sale of national lands; not to raise any tax except in virtue of the law; to maintain the institution of <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Legion of Honour</a> and to govern in the sole interest, happiness and glory of the French people.<sup id="cite_ref-Englund2005_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englund2005-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 245">: 245 </span></sup> </p></blockquote><p>The text was presented to Napoleon by the President of the <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9nat_conservateur" title="Sénat conservateur">Senate</a>, the President of the <a href="/wiki/Corps_l%C3%A9gislatif" title="Corps législatif">Legislature</a>, and the most senior President of the <a href="/wiki/Conseil_d%27%C3%89tat" title="Conseil d'État">Council of State</a>. After the oath the newly appointed <a href="/wiki/Herald" title="Herald">herald of arms</a> proclaimed loudly: "The thrice glorious and thrice august Emperor Napoleon is crowned and enthroned. Long live the Emperor!"<sup id="cite_ref-Sloane1910_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sloane1910-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the people's acclamations Napoleon, surrounded by dignitaries, left the cathedral while the choir sang "<i>Domine salvum fac imperatorem nostrum Napoleonem</i>" (God save our Emperor Napoleon).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>After the coronation the Emperor <a href="/wiki/The_Distribution_of_the_Eagle_Standards" title="The Distribution of the Eagle Standards">presented the imperial standards</a> to each of his regiments. According to government tallies, the entire cost was over 8.5 million <a href="/wiki/French_franc" title="French franc">francs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to <a href="/wiki/Jacques-Louis_David" title="Jacques-Louis David">Jacques-Louis David</a>'s paintings, including the famous <i><a href="/wiki/The_Coronation_of_Napoleon" title="The Coronation of Napoleon">The Coronation of Napoleon</a></i>, a commemorative medal was struck with the reverse design by <a href="/wiki/Antoine-Denis_Chaudet" title="Antoine-Denis Chaudet">Antoine-Denis Chaudet</a>. In 2005, a digital depiction of the coronation was made by <a href="/wiki/Vaughan_Hart" title="Vaughan Hart">Vaughan Hart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hicks" title="Peter Hicks">Peter Hicks</a>, and Joe Robson for the "Nelson and Napoleon" Exhibition at the <a href="/wiki/National_Maritime_Museum" title="National Maritime Museum">National Maritime Museum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coronation_of_Napoleon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Tiara" title="Napoleon Tiara">Napoleon Tiara</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coronation_of_Napoleon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">There is an anecdotal account that just as Joséphine reached the top of the steps of the high altar to be crowned, Napoleon's sisters deliberately gave her mantle a sudden tug which momentarily caused her to lose her balance, but she did not fall as her sisters-in-law had intended.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">With the substitution of the word "emperor" for "king" and the addition of the words "and of his consort" to the original prayer from the Roman Rite; a similar, but more elaborate prayer, specifically mentioning the "kingdoms of the Franks, the Burgundians, and of Aquitania" existed in the traditional French royal coronation rite.<sup id="cite_ref-Woolley1915_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woolley1915-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A translation of this prayer may be found at <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Hungarian_monarch" title="Coronation of the Hungarian monarch">Coronation of the Hungarian monarch</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The blessings for the sword, rings, gloves, the Hand of Justice and the scepter were taken from the <i>Cérémoniel françois</i>, while the blessing of the orb was special composed for the occasion.<sup id="cite_ref-Woolley1915_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woolley1915-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The forms for the delivery of the sword, rings, gloves, Hand of Justice and the scepter were also from the <i>Cérémoniel françois</i>, while that for the delivery of the mantles and the Orb were also specially composed for the occasion.<sup id="cite_ref-Woolley1915_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woolley1915-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The forms for the delivery of the rings and the mantles were in the plural, since they were given to the Emperor and Empress simultaneously.<sup id="cite_ref-Woolley1915_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woolley1915-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This enthronement formula was a new composition, different from all the variations of the traditional "Sta et retine..." formula usually employed in Western Coronation rites; even the starting words of the formula were different, and in all probability the traditional prayer was abandoned because it specified too clearly that the monarch received the Throne from the bishops and was a mediator between clergy and people. The new formula used for Napoleon's enthronement avoided any mention of this.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coronation_of_Napoleon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-PorterfieldSiegfried2006-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PorterfieldSiegfried2006_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPorterfieldSiegfried2006" class="citation book cs1">Porterfield, Todd Burke; Siegfried, Susan L. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Pt1KApT_bBsC&pg=PA4"><i>Staging empire: Napoleon, Ingres, and David</i></a>. Penn State Press. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-271-02858-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-271-02858-3"><bdi>978-0-271-02858-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Staging+empire%3A+Napoleon%2C+Ingres%2C+and+David&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Penn+State+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-271-02858-3&rft.aulast=Porterfield&rft.aufirst=Todd+Burke&rft.au=Siegfried%2C+Susan+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPt1KApT_bBsC%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoronation+of+Napoleon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Englund2005-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Englund2005_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund2005_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englund2005_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEnglund2005" class="citation book cs1">Englund, Steven (April 30, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N-ZJbxGwU4cC"><i>Napoleon: A Political Life</i></a>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01803-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01803-7"><bdi>978-0-674-01803-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Napoleon%3A+A+Political+Life&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2005-04-30&rft.isbn=978-0-674-01803-7&rft.aulast=Englund&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN-ZJbxGwU4cC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoronation+of+Napoleon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dwyer 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.napoleon.org/en/history-of-the-two-empires/timelines/napoleons-consecration-and-coronation-in-milan-26-may-1805/">"Napoleon's consecration and coronation in Milan, 26 May, 1805"</a>. Napoleon.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Napoleon%27s+consecration+and+coronation+in+Milan%2C+26+May%2C+1805&rft.pub=Napoleon.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.napoleon.org%2Fen%2Fhistory-of-the-two-empires%2Ftimelines%2Fnapoleons-consecration-and-coronation-in-milan-26-may-1805%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoronation+of+Napoleon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Woolley_1915_https://archive.org/details/coronationrites00wooluoft/page/106_106-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Woolley_1915_https://archive.org/details/coronationrites00wooluoft/page/106_106_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woolley_1915_https://archive.org/details/coronationrites00wooluoft/page/106_106_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWoolley1915" class="citation book cs1">Woolley, Reginald Maxwell (1915). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/coronationrites00wooluoft"><i>Coronation Rites</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/coronationrites00wooluoft/page/106">106</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coronation+Rites&rft.pages=106&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1915&rft.aulast=Woolley&rft.aufirst=Reginald+Maxwell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcoronationrites00wooluoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoronation+of+Napoleon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Woolley1915-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Woolley1915_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woolley1915_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woolley1915_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woolley1915_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woolley1915_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woolley1915_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woolley1915_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woolley1915_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woolley1915_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWoolley1915" class="citation book cs1">Woolley, Reginald Maxwell (1915). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/coronationrites00wooluoft"><i>Coronation Rites</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/coronationrites00wooluoft/page/106">106</a>–107.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coronation+Rites&rft.pages=106-107&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1915&rft.aulast=Woolley&rft.aufirst=Reginald+Maxwell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcoronationrites00wooluoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoronation+of+Napoleon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Junot1836-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Junot1836_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Junot1836_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Junot1836_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJunot1836" class="citation book cs1">Junot, Laure, duchesse d'Abrantès (1836). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RvgsAAAAYAAJ"><i>Memoirs of Napoleon, his court and family</i></a>. Vol. 2. R. Bentley<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memoirs+of+Napoleon%2C+his+court+and+family&rft.pub=R.+Bentley&rft.date=1836&rft.aulast=Junot&rft.aufirst=Laure%2C+duchesse+d%27Abrant%C3%A8s&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRvgsAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoronation+of+Napoleon" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wairy1895-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wairy1895_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wairy1895_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wairy1895_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWairy1895" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Constant_Wairy" title="Louis Constant Wairy">Wairy, Louis Constant</a> (1895). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=masUAAAAYAAJ"><i>Recollections of the private life of Napoleon</i></a>. Vol. 1. The Merriam company<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Recollections+of+the+private+life+of+Napoleon&rft.pub=The+Merriam+company&rft.date=1895&rft.aulast=Wairy&rft.aufirst=Louis+Constant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmasUAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoronation+of+Napoleon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NC-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NC_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NC_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.georgianindex.net/Napoleon/coronation/coronation.html">Napoleon's Coronation as Emperor of the French</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170603230054/http://www.georgianindex.net/Napoleon/coronation/coronation.html">Archived</a> June 3, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Georgian Index</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernard Picart, "Histoire des religions et des moeurs de tous les peuples du monde, Volume 5", Paris, 1819, p. 293 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QeFIAAAAcAAJ&dq=gendarmes+d%27%C3%89lite+sacre+napol%C3%A9on&pg=RA1-PA91">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tdc2-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tdc2_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tdclassicist.blogspot.com/2011/12/furnishings-mercer-house.html">"The Furnishings: Mercer House"</a> – The Devoted Classicist, December 16, 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_rorP0Chzx78C"><i>Procèsverbal de la cérémonie du sacre et du couronnement de LL. MM. l'Empereur Napoléon et l'impératrice Joséphine</i></a>. de l'imprimerie impériale. 1805.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proc%C3%A8sverbal+de+la+c%C3%A9r%C3%A9monie+du+sacre+et+du+couronnement+de+LL.+MM.+l%27Empereur+Napol%C3%A9on+et+l%27imp%C3%A9ratrice+Jos%C3%A9phine&rft.pub=de+l%27imprimerie+imp%C3%A9riale&rft.date=1805&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_rorP0Chzx78C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoronation+of+Napoleon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.napoleonichistory.com/">"J. David Markham Napoleonic History – Welcome to Napoleonic History!"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=J.+David+Markham+Napoleonic+History+%E2%80%93+Welcome+to+Napoleonic+History%21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.napoleonichistory.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoronation+of+Napoleon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Markham, J. David, Napoleon for Dummies, 2005, p. 286</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cronin, Vincent, Napoleon, 1971, p. 250</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sloane1910-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sloane1910_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSloane1910" class="citation book cs1">Sloane, William Milligan (1910). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifenapoleonbon01sloagoog"><i>The Life of Napoleon Bonaparte</i></a>. The Century Co. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifenapoleonbon01sloagoog/page/n386">344</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Napoleon+Bonaparte&rft.pages=344&rft.pub=The+Century+Co.&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Sloane&rft.aufirst=William+Milligan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flifenapoleonbon01sloagoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoronation+of+Napoleon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shannonselin.com/2016/12/coronation-of-napoleon/">"The Bumpy Coronation of Napoleon"</a>. <i>Shannon Selin</i>. December 2, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shannon+Selin&rft.atitle=The+Bumpy+Coronation+of+Napoleon&rft.date=2016-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fshannonselin.com%2F2016%2F12%2Fcoronation-of-napoleon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoronation+of+Napoleon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Hicks2009" class="citation web cs1">Peter Hicks (December 10, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3uXhErt5agA">"Coronation and consecration of Napoleon I"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211220/3uXhErt5agA">Archived</a> from the original on December 20, 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Coronation+and+consecration+of+Napoleon+I&rft.date=2009-12-10&rft.au=Peter+Hicks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D3uXhErt5agA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoronation+of+Napoleon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coronation_of_Napoleon&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Coronation_of_Napoleon_I" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Coronation of Napoleon I">Coronation of Napoleon I</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Dwyer, Philip. "Citizen Emperor’: Political Ritual, Popular Sovereignty and the Coronation of Napoleon I," <i>History</i> (2015) 100#339 pp 40–57, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-229X.12089/full">online</a></li> <li>Masson, Frederic; Cobb. Frederic (translator). <i>Napoleon and his Coronation</i>. London, 1911</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Napoleon4602" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Napoleon" title="Template:Napoleon"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Napoleon" title="Template talk:Napoleon"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Napoleon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Napoleon"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Napoleon4602" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_era" title="Napoleonic era">Napoleonic era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Napoleonic_era" title="Timeline of the Napoleonic era">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First French Empire</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Napoleonic_era" title="Timeline of the Napoleonic era">Life and career</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon%27s_stay_in_Auxonne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Napoleon's stay in Auxonne (page does not exist)">Stay in Auxonne</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9jour_de_Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte_%C3%A0_Auxonne" class="extiw" title="fr:Séjour de Napoléon Bonaparte à Auxonne">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_of_18_Brumaire" title="Coup of 18 Brumaire">Coup of 18 Brumaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Consulate" title="French Consulate">Consulate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_attempts_on_Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Assassination attempts on Napoleon Bonaparte">Assassination attempts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_souper_de_Beaucaire" title="Le souper de Beaucaire">Le souper de Beaucaire</a></li> <li>Constitutions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Year_VIII" title="Constitution of the Year VIII">1799</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Year_X" title="Constitution of the Year X">1802</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Year_XII" title="Constitution of the Year XII">1804</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_of_1815" title="Charter of 1815">1815</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Coronation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase" title="Louisiana Purchase">Sale of Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon%27s_planned_invasion_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Napoleon's planned invasion of the United Kingdom">Planned invasion of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_in_Holland" title="Napoleon in Holland">Holland</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mesures_usuelles" title="Mesures usuelles">Mesures usuelles</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_looting_of_art" title="Napoleonic looting of art">Looting of art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_tactics" title="Napoleonic tactics">Tactics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_weaponry_and_warfare" title="Napoleonic weaponry and warfare">Weaponry and warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Fontainebleau_(1814)" title="Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814)">1st abdication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Elba" title="Principality of Elba">1st exile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Route_Napol%C3%A9on" title="Route Napoléon">Route Napoléon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdication_of_Napoleon,_1815" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdication of Napoleon, 1815">2nd abdication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I%27s_exile_to_St._Helena" title="Napoleon I's exile to St. Helena">2nd exile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Napoleon" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Napoleon">Death</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mort_de_Napol%C3%A9on_Ier" class="extiw" title="fr:Mort de Napoléon Ier">fr</a>]</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_mask_of_Napoleon" title="Death mask of Napoleon">mask</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:David_-_Napoleon_crossing_the_Alps_-_Malmaison1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/David_-_Napoleon_crossing_the_Alps_-_Malmaison1.jpg/120px-David_-_Napoleon_crossing_the_Alps_-_Malmaison1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/David_-_Napoleon_crossing_the_Alps_-_Malmaison1.jpg/180px-David_-_Napoleon_crossing_the_Alps_-_Malmaison1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/David_-_Napoleon_crossing_the_Alps_-_Malmaison1.jpg/240px-David_-_Napoleon_crossing_the_Alps_-_Malmaison1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1169" data-file-height="1371" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_Napoleon" title="Military career of Napoleon">Battles and wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">French Revolutionary Wars</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Toulon_(1793)" title="Siege of Toulon (1793)">Siege of Toulon</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/13_Vend%C3%A9miaire" title="13 Vendémiaire">13 Vendémiaire</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lodi" title="Battle of Lodi">Battle of Lodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arcole" title="Battle of Arcole">Battle of Arcole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rivoli" title="Battle of Rivoli">Battle of Rivoli</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/French_campaign_in_Egypt_and_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="French campaign in Egypt and Syria">French campaign in Egypt and Syria</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Pyramids" title="Battle of the Pyramids">Battle of the Pyramids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jaffa" title="Siege of Jaffa">Siege of Jaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marengo" title="Battle of Marengo">Battle of Marengo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Third_Coalition" title="War of the Third Coalition">War of the Third Coalition</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Austerlitz" title="Battle of Austerlitz">Battle of Austerlitz</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fourth_Coalition" title="War of the Fourth Coalition">War of the Fourth Coalition</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jena" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Jena">Battle of Jena</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fifth_Coalition" title="War of the Fifth Coalition">War of the Fifth Coalition</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wagram" title="Battle of Wagram">Battle of Wagram</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia" title="French invasion of Russia">French invasion of Russia</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Borodino" title="Battle of Borodino">Battle of Borodino</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sixth_Coalition" title="War of the Sixth Coalition">War of the Sixth Coalition</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leipzig" title="Battle of Leipzig">Battle of Leipzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vauchamps" title="Battle of Vauchamps">Battle of Vauchamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arcis-sur-Aube" title="Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube">Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days" title="Hundred Days">Hundred Days</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ligny" title="Battle of Ligny">Battle of Ligny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Waterloo" title="Battle of Waterloo">Battle of Waterloo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Views</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_and_the_Catholic_Church" title="Napoleon and the Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concordat_of_1801" title="Concordat of 1801">Concordat of 1801</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Tiara" title="Napoleon Tiara">Tiara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_and_the_Jews" title="Napoleon and the Jews">Jewish people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Sanhedrin" title="Grand Sanhedrin">Grand Sanhedrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infamous_Decree" title="Infamous Decree">Infamous Decree</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_and_Protestants" title="Napoleon and Protestants">Protestants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organic_Articles" title="Organic Articles">Organic Articles</a></li></ul></li> <li>Slavery <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_20_May_1802" title="Law of 20 May 1802">Law of 20 May 1802</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Domingue_expedition" title="Saint-Domingue expedition">Saint-Domingue expedition</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Homes and honours</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arc_de_Triomphe" title="Arc de Triomphe">Arc de Triomphe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Malmaison" title="Château de Malmaison">Château de Malmaison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Column_of_the_Grande_Arm%C3%A9e" title="Column of the Grande Armée">Column of the Grande Armée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Napoleon_I_Monument" title="Emperor Napoleon I Monument">Emperor Napoleon I Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Napoleon" title="Equestrian statue of Napoleon">Equestrian statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Fontainebleau" title="Palace of Fontainebleau">Palace of Fontainebleau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_des_Invalides" class="mw-redirect" title="Hôtel des Invalides">Hôtel des Invalides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longwood_House" title="Longwood House">Longwood House</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maison_Bonaparte" title="Maison Bonaparte">Maison Bonaparte</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_as_Mars_the_Peacemaker" title="Napoleon as Mars the Peacemaker">Napoleon as Mars the Peacemaker</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_as_Mars_the_Peacemaker_(Milan)" title="Napoleon as Mars the Peacemaker (Milan)">Milan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_de_la_Victoire" title="Rue de la Victoire">Rue de la Victoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vend%C3%B4me_Column" class="mw-redirect" title="Vendôme Column">Vendôme Column</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Legacy_of_Napoleon" title="Legacy of Napoleon">Legacy and memory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_France" title="Bank of France">Bank of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonapartism" title="Bonapartism">Bonapartism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conseil_d%27%C3%89tat" title="Conseil d'État">Conseil d'État</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_Napoleon" title="Cultural depictions of Napoleon">Cultural depictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_is_a_sleeping_giant" title="China is a sleeping giant">"China is a sleeping giant" quote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Romanticism" title="German Romanticism">German Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_of_Saint_Helena" class="mw-redirect" title="Memorial of Saint Helena">Memorial of Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Code" title="Napoleonic Code">Napoleonic Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_propaganda" title="Napoleonic propaganda">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon%27s_tomb" title="Napoleon's tomb">Tomb</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Retour_des_cendres" title="Retour des cendres">Retour des cendres</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon%27s_penis" title="Napoleon's penis">Penis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_studies" title="Napoleonic studies">Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._3_(Beethoven)" title="Symphony No. 3 (Beethoven)">Symphony No. 3 (Beethoven)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bonaparte" title="House of Bonaparte">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9phine_de_Beauharnais" title="Joséphine de Beauharnais">Joséphine de Beauharnais</a> (first wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise,_Duchess_of_Parma" title="Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma">Marie Louise</a> (second wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L%C3%A9on" title="Charles Léon">Charles Léon</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Walewski" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre Walewski">Alexandre Walewski</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_II" title="Napoleon II">Napoleon II</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Maria_Buonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlo Maria Buonaparte">Carlo Maria Buonaparte</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letizia_Ramolino" class="mw-redirect" title="Letizia Ramolino">Letizia Ramolino</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bonaparte" title="Joseph Bonaparte">Joseph Bonaparte</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Bonaparte" title="Lucien Bonaparte">Lucien Bonaparte</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bonaparte" title="Louis Bonaparte">Louis Bonaparte</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Bonaparte" title="Jérôme Bonaparte">Jérôme Bonaparte</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Bonaparte" title="Caroline Bonaparte">Caroline Bonaparte</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Bonaparte" title="Pauline Bonaparte">Pauline Bonaparte</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisa_Bonaparte" title="Elisa Bonaparte">Elisa Bonaparte</a> (sister)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Napoleon" title="Category:Napoleon">Category</a> / <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:_Napoleon_I_of_France" class="extiw" title="commons:Category: Napoleon I of France">Commons</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Coronation_and_enthronement188" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Coronation" title="Template:Coronation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Coronation" title="Template talk:Coronation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Coronation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Coronation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Coronation_and_enthronement188" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Coronation" title="Coronation">Coronation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Enthronement" title="Enthronement">enthronement</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regalia" title="Regalia">Regalia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown" title="Crown">Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_crown" title="Coronation crown">Coronation crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_jewels" title="Crown jewels">Crown jewels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diadem" title="Diadem">Diadem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiara" title="Tiara">Tiara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armill" title="Armill">Armill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_(jewellery)" title="Ring (jewellery)">Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globus_cruciger" title="Globus cruciger"><i>Globus cruciger</i> (orb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceptre" title="Sceptre">Sceptre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword" title="Sword">Sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantle_(royal_garment)" title="Mantle (royal garment)">Mantle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Items</li><li>rituals</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Throne" title="Throne">Throne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing" title="Anointing">Anointing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enthronement" title="Enthronement">Enthronement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture" title="Investiture">Investiture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By continent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronations_in_Africa" title="Coronations in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronations_in_the_Americas" title="Coronations in the Americas">the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronations_in_Asia" title="Coronations in Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronations_in_Europe" title="Coronations in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronations_in_Oceania" title="Coronations in Oceania">Oceania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specific customs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronations_in_antiquity" title="Coronations in antiquity">Antiquity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_pharaoh" title="Coronation of the pharaoh">Ancient Egyptian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Bohemian_monarch" title="Coronation of the Bohemian monarch">Bohemian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Emperor_of_Brazil" title="Coronation of the Emperor of Brazil">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_British_monarch" title="Coronation of the British monarch">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Bulgarian_monarch" title="Coronation of the Bulgarian monarch">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Burmese_monarch" title="Coronation of the Burmese monarch">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Byzantine_emperor" title="Coronation of the Byzantine emperor">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Bokassa_I_and_Catherine" title="Coronation of Bokassa I and Catherine">Central African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Danish_monarch" title="Coronation of the Danish monarch">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_the_Dutch_monarch" title="Inauguration of the Dutch monarch">Dutch</a></li> <li>French <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_French_monarch" title="Coronation of the French monarch">royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Napoleon_and_Jos%C3%A9phine" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronation of Napoleon and Joséphine">Napoleon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Coronation of the Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Hungarian_monarch" title="Coronation of the Hungarian monarch">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81jy%C4%81bhi%E1%B9%A3eka" title="Rājyābhiṣeka">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enthronement_of_the_Japanese_emperor" title="Enthronement of the Japanese emperor">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Installation_of_the_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" title="Installation of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Nepalese_monarch" title="Coronation of the Nepalese monarch">Nepalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronations_in_Norway" title="Coronations in Norway">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_of_Osman" title="Sword of Osman">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_coronation" title="Papal coronation">Papal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronations_in_Poland" title="Coronations in Poland">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Russian_monarch" title="Coronation of the Russian monarch">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Serbian_monarch" title="Coronation of the Serbian monarch">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Swedish_monarch" title="Coronation of the Swedish monarch">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Thai_monarch" title="Coronation of the Thai monarch">Thai</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coronation" title="Coronation">others</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pretender" title="Pretender">Pretender</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_former_ruling_families" title="List of heads of former ruling families">List of current</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papabile" title="Papabile">Papabile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_succession" title="Order of succession">Order of succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_anthem" title="Coronation anthem">Coronation anthem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Notre-Dame_de_Paris127" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Template:Notre-Dame de Paris"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Template talk:Notre-Dame de Paris"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Notre-Dame de Paris"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Notre-Dame_de_Paris127" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Notre-Dame de Paris">Notre-Dame de Paris</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Paris" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paris">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paris</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pillar_of_the_Boatmen" title="Pillar of the Boatmen">Pillar of the Boatmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Saint_Etienne,_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of Saint Etienne, Paris">Saint-Étienne de Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_school" title="Notre-Dame school">Notre-Dame school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Napoleon_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronation of Napoleon I">Coronation of Napoleon I</a> (1804)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_Affair" title="Notre-Dame Affair">Notre-Dame Affair</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_Notre_Dame_de_Paris" title="Musée de Notre Dame de Paris">Musée de Notre Dame de Paris</a> (1951–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris_bombing_attempt" title="Notre-Dame de Paris bombing attempt">2016 bombing attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_attack" title="2017 Notre-Dame de Paris attack">2017 attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_fire" title="Notre-Dame fire">2019 fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reopening_of_Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Reopening of Notre-Dame de Paris">Reopening</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Architecture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parvis_Notre-Dame_%E2%80%93_Place_Jean-Paul_II" title="Parvis Notre-Dame – Place Jean-Paul II">Parvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sculptures_in_Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="List of sculptures in Notre-Dame de Paris">Sculptures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spire_of_Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Spire of Notre-Dame de Paris">Spire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collection</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bells_of_Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Bells of Notre-Dame de Paris">Bells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_(painting)" title="May (painting)">Mays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relics_of_Sainte-Chapelle" title="Relics of Sainte-Chapelle">Relics of Sainte-Chapelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sculptures_in_Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="List of sculptures in Notre-Dame de Paris">Sculptures</a> (<a href="/wiki/Virgin_of_Paris" title="Virgin of Paris">Virgin of Paris</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirt_of_Saint_Louis" title="Shirt of Saint Louis">Shirt of Saint Louis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_de_Sully" title="Maurice de Sully">Maurice de Sully</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Chelles" title="Jean de Chelles">Jean de Chelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Montreuil" title="Pierre de Montreuil">Pierre de Montreuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Chelles" title="Pierre de Chelles">Pierre de Chelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lassus" title="Jean-Baptiste Lassus">Jean-Baptiste Lassus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Viollet-le-Duc" title="Eugène Viollet-le-Duc">Eugène Viollet-le-Duc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Tallon" title="Andrew Tallon">Andrew Tallon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Georgelin" title="Jean-Louis Georgelin">Jean-Louis Georgelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Burials_at_Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Category:Burials at Notre-Dame de Paris"><i>Burials</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural<br />depictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Coronation_of_Napoleon" title="The Coronation of Napoleon">The Coronation of Napoleon</a></i> (1807 painting)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Leading_the_People" title="Liberty Leading the People">Liberty Leading the People</a></i> (1830 painting)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hunchback_of_Notre-Dame" title="The Hunchback of Notre-Dame">The Hunchback of Notre-Dame</a></i> (1831 novel, <a href="/wiki/The_Hunchback_of_Notre-Dame#Adaptations" title="The Hunchback of Notre-Dame">adaptations</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bohemian_(Bouguereau)" title="The Bohemian (Bouguereau)">The Bohemian</a></i> (1890 painting)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Quai_Saint-Michel_and_Notre-Dame" title="The Quai Saint-Michel and Notre-Dame">The Quai Saint-Michel and Notre-Dame</a></i> (1901 painting)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame,_une_fin_d%27apr%C3%A8s-midi" title="Notre-Dame, une fin d'après-midi">Notre-Dame, une fin d'après-midi</a></i> (1902 painting)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/View_of_Notre-Dame" title="View of Notre-Dame">View of Notre-Dame</a></i> (1914 painting)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Notre_Dame_de_Paris_Mosque" title="The Notre Dame de Paris Mosque">The Notre Dame de Paris Mosque</a></i> (2005 novel)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Assassin%27s_Creed_Unity" title="Assassin's Creed Unity">Assassin's Creed Unity</a></i> (2014 video game)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Halloween_Tree_(film)" title="The Halloween Tree (film)">The Halloween Tree</a></i> (1993 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_on_Fire" title="Notre-Dame on Fire">Notre-Dame on Fire</a></i> (2022 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_de_la_Cit%C3%A9" title="Île de la Cité">Île de la Cité</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox505" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q973118#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85089754">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007283606705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coronation_of_Napoleon&oldid=1275490931">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coronation_of_Napoleon&oldid=1275490931</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1804_in_France" title="Category:1804 in France">1804 in France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coronations_of_French_monarchs" title="Category:Coronations of French monarchs">Coronations of French monarchs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:First_French_Empire" title="Category:First French Empire">First French Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Napoleon" title="Category:Napoleon">Napoleon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1800s_in_Paris" title="Category:1800s in Paris">1800s in Paris</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Category:Notre-Dame de Paris">Notre-Dame de Paris</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:December_1804" title="Category:December 1804">December 1804</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jos%C3%A9phine_de_Beauharnais" title="Category:Joséphine de Beauharnais">Joséphine de Beauharnais</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Paris_in_the_French_Revolutionary_and_Napoleonic_Wars" title="Category:Paris in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars">Paris in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_December_2014" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2014">Articles with unsourced statements from December 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_November_2020" title="Category:Use mdy dates from November 2020">Use mdy dates from November 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2020" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 13 February 2025, at 10:15<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coronation_of_Napoleon&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Coronation of Napoleon</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>15 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-585dc88b6-967sv","wgBackendResponseTime":212,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.546","walltime":"0.739","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5460,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":95552,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":8338,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":9,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":92059,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 573.287 1 -total"," 27.23% 156.082 2 Template:Reflist"," 16.33% 93.617 8 Template:Cite_book"," 14.63% 83.864 1 Template:Napoleon"," 14.32% 82.071 1 Template:Military_navigation"," 10.25% 58.767 1 Template:Short_description"," 9.30% 53.340 5 Template:Citation_needed"," 7.79% 44.652 5 Template:Fix"," 7.48% 42.899 1 Template:Infobox_historical_event"," 7.27% 41.699 7 Template:Rp"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.246","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":8243675,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-7b4fff7949-z8gl9","timestamp":"20250326152525","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Coronation of Napoleon","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coronation_of_Napoleon","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q973118","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q973118","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2009-10-05T21:08:34Z","dateModified":"2025-02-13T10:15:48Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/1e\/Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Coronation_of_Napoleon_%281805-1807%29.jpg","headline":"French royal event"}</script> </body> </html>