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class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Datazione_e_recensioni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Datazione_e_recensioni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Datazione e recensioni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Datazione_e_recensioni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Il_tema_centrale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Il_tema_centrale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Il tema centrale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Il_tema_centrale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-I_sette_kanda_del_Ramayana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#I_sette_kanda_del_Ramayana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>I sette <i>kanda</i> del <i>Ramayana</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-I_sette_kanda_del_Ramayana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opere_derivate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opere_derivate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Opere derivate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opere_derivate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Bibliografia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Traduzioni_in_lingua_italiana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traduzioni_in_lingua_italiana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Traduzioni in lingua italiana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traduzioni_in_lingua_italiana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Riduzioni_in_lingua_italiana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Riduzioni_in_lingua_italiana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Riduzioni in lingua italiana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Riduzioni_in_lingua_italiana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rāmāyaṇa</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 117 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-117" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">117 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A3" title="रामायण - angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="रामायण" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="رامايانا - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رامايانا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A3" title="ৰামায়ণ - assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৰামায়ণ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A3" title="रामायण - awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="रामायण" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Рамаяна - baschiro" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Рамаяна" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baschiro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramajana" title="Ramajana - samogitico" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ramajana" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Рамаяна - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рамаяна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Рамаяна - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рамаяна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Рамаяна - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рамаяна" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A3" title="रामायण - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रामायण" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A3" title="রামায়ণ - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রামায়ণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BC%BC%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D%E0%BC%BD" title="༼ར་མ་ཡ་ན།༽ - tibetano" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="༼ར་མ་ཡ་ན།༽" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A3" title="রামায়ণ - bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="রামায়ণ" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - bretone" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - turco crimeo" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="turco crimeo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="voce di qualità"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1m%C3%A1jana" title="Rámájana - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rámájana" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - gallese" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A3" title="रामायण - Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="रामायण" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Ραμαγιάνα - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ραμαγιάνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramajano" title="Ramajano - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ramajano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%81m%C4%81jana" title="Rāmājana - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rāmājana" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="رامایانا - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رامایانا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - frisone occidentale" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisone occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%81m%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87a" title="Rāmāyaṇa - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rāmāyaṇa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A3" title="रामायण - konkani goano" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="रामायण" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="konkani goano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%A3" title="રામાયણ - gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="રામાયણ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%94" title="ראמאיאנה - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ראמאיאנה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A3" title="रामायण - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रामायण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - hindi figiano" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi figiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramajana" title="Ramajana - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ramajana" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1m%C3%A1jana" title="Rámájana - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rámájana" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1" title="Ռամայանա - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռամայանա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A4%E3%83%8A" title="ラーマーヤナ - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラーマーヤナ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - giavanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="giavanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="რამაიანა - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რამაიანა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Рамаяна - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Рамаяна" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%88" title="រាមាយណៈ - khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="រាមាយណៈ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%A3" title="ರಾಮಾಯಣ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಾಮಾಯಣ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EB%A7%88%EC%95%BC%EB%82%98" title="라마야나 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라마야나" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%8E%D9%86" title="رامایَن - kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="رامایَن" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - cornico" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%AB%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%C2%BB" title="«Рамаяна» - kirghiso" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="«Рамаяна»" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghiso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayanum" title="Ramayanum - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ramayanum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - lussemburghese" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lussemburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramajana" title="Ramajana - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ramajana" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%81m%C4%81jana" title="Rāmājana - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rāmājana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A3" title="रामायण - maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="रामायण" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Рамајана - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рамајана" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="രാമായണം - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="രാമായണം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Рамаяна - mongolo" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Рамаяна" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯔꯥꯃꯥꯌꯟ - manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯔꯥꯃꯥꯌꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A3" title="रामायण - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रामायण" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9A%E1%80%8F" title="ရာမာယဏ - birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရာမာယဏ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="رامایانا - mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="رامایانا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A3" title="रामायण - nepalese" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रामायण" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A3" title="रामायण - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="रामायण" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%A3" title="ରାମାୟଣ - odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ରାମାୟଣ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A3" title="ਰਾਮਾਇਣ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਾਮਾਇਣ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A3" title="रामायण - pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="रामायण" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramajana" title="Ramajana - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ramajana" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86" title="رامائن - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="رامائن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%DA%BC" title="رامايڼ - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="رامايڼ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%A1iana" title="Ramáiana - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ramáiana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Рамаяна - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рамаяна" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="रामायणम् - sanscrito" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रामायणम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrito" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Рамаайана - sacha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Рамаайана" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sacha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%DA%BB" title="رامائڻ - sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="رامائڻ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%BA" title="රාමායණය - singalese" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රාමායණය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1m%C3%A1jana" title="Rámájana - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rámájana" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86" title="رامائن - Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="رامائن" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramajana" title="Ramajana - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ramajana" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramajana" title="Ramajana - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ramajana" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Рамајана - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рамајана" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="இராமாயணம் - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இராமாயணம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%82" title="రామాయణం - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రామాయణం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B0" title="รามายณะ - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รามายณะ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Рамаяна - tataro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Рамаяна" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tataro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Рамаяна - udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Рамаяна" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Рамаяна - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рамаяна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86" title="راماین - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="راماین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%91%A9%E8%A1%8D%E9%82%A3" title="罗摩衍那 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="罗摩衍那" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="რამაიანა - mengrelio" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რამაიანა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mengrelio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%91%A9%E8%A1%8D%E9%82%A3" title="罗摩衍那 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="罗摩衍那" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%91%A9%E8%A1%8D%E9%82%A3" title="羅摩衍那 - cinese classico" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="羅摩衍那" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="cinese classico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana - min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ramayana" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%91%A9%E8%A1%8D%E9%82%A3" title="羅摩衍那 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" 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libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Reindirizzamento da <strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramayana&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></strong>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i principali dati di un libro"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="background:#C02050; color:white"><i>Rāmāyana</i></th></tr><tr><th>Altri titoli</th><td><i>Ramayana</i> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Rama%27s_Court,_Folio_from_a_Ramayana_(Adventures_of_Rama)_LACMA_AC1999.127.36.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Rama%27s_Court%2C_Folio_from_a_Ramayana_%28Adventures_of_Rama%29_LACMA_AC1999.127.36.jpg/260px-Rama%27s_Court%2C_Folio_from_a_Ramayana_%28Adventures_of_Rama%29_LACMA_AC1999.127.36.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Rama%27s_Court%2C_Folio_from_a_Ramayana_%28Adventures_of_Rama%29_LACMA_AC1999.127.36.jpg/390px-Rama%27s_Court%2C_Folio_from_a_Ramayana_%28Adventures_of_Rama%29_LACMA_AC1999.127.36.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Rama%27s_Court%2C_Folio_from_a_Ramayana_%28Adventures_of_Rama%29_LACMA_AC1999.127.36.jpg/520px-Rama%27s_Court%2C_Folio_from_a_Ramayana_%28Adventures_of_Rama%29_LACMA_AC1999.127.36.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1691" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>Rama e Sita (1775) </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Autore" title="Autore">Autore</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/V%C4%81lm%C4%ABki" title="Vālmīki">Vālmīki</a> </td></tr><tr><th><span class="nowrap">1ª ed. originale</span></th><td> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Genere_letterario" title="Genere letterario">Genere</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Poema_epico" title="Poema epico">poema epico</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Lingua_(linguistica)" title="Lingua (linguistica)"><span class="nowrap">Lingua originale</span></a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Lingua_sanscrita" title="Lingua sanscrita">sanscrito</a> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_piede2 noprint nomobile metadata" colspan="2"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37293" class="extiw" title="d:Q37293"><span title="Modifica i dati della voce Rāmāyaṇa su Wikidata">Modifica dati su Wikidata</span></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Libro/man" title="Template:Libro/man"><span title="Manuale del template Libro">Manuale</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Il <i><b>Rāmāyana</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Aiuto:IPA" title="Aiuto:IPA"><span title="Questa è una trascrizione IPA della pronuncia. Vedere l'alfabeto fonetico internazionale." class="IPA">[raːˈmaːjɐɳɐ]</span></a>; rāmāyaṇa, <a href="/wiki/Devan%C4%81gar%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanāgarī">devanagari</a> रामायण; lett. il "Cammino - <i>ayana</i>- di <a href="/wiki/R%C4%81ma" title="Rāma">Rama</a>"), insieme al <i><a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81bh%C4%81rata" title="Mahābhārata">Mahabharata</a></i> è uno dei più grandi <a href="/wiki/Itih%C4%81sa" title="Itihāsa">poemi epici</a> del <a href="/wiki/Induismo" title="Induismo">Sanatana Dharma</a>, oltre a risultare uno dei testi più importanti di questa tradizione filosofica. </p><p>Il poema, attribuito tradizionalmente a <a href="/wiki/V%C4%81lm%C4%ABki" title="Vālmīki">Vālmīki</a>, narra le avventure del principe <a href="/wiki/R%C4%81ma" title="Rāma">Rama</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Avatara" title="Avatara">avatara</a></i> di <a href="/wiki/Visn%C3%B9" title="Visnù">Visnù</a>, ingiustamente esiliato e privato della sua sposa con cui alla fine riuscirà a ricongiungersi, recuperando contemporaneamente il trono che gli spettava di diritto. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Datazione_e_recensioni">Datazione e recensioni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%81m%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87a&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Datazione e recensioni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%81m%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87a&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Datazione e recensioni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Valmiki_Reciting_the_Ramayana_to_His_Pupil_Bharadvaja,_Folio_from_the_%27Shangri%27_Ramayana_(Adventures_of_Rama)_LACMA_M.83.105.9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Valmiki_Reciting_the_Ramayana_to_His_Pupil_Bharadvaja%2C_Folio_from_the_%27Shangri%27_Ramayana_%28Adventures_of_Rama%29_LACMA_M.83.105.9.jpg/220px-Valmiki_Reciting_the_Ramayana_to_His_Pupil_Bharadvaja%2C_Folio_from_the_%27Shangri%27_Ramayana_%28Adventures_of_Rama%29_LACMA_M.83.105.9.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Valmiki_Reciting_the_Ramayana_to_His_Pupil_Bharadvaja%2C_Folio_from_the_%27Shangri%27_Ramayana_%28Adventures_of_Rama%29_LACMA_M.83.105.9.jpg/330px-Valmiki_Reciting_the_Ramayana_to_His_Pupil_Bharadvaja%2C_Folio_from_the_%27Shangri%27_Ramayana_%28Adventures_of_Rama%29_LACMA_M.83.105.9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Valmiki_Reciting_the_Ramayana_to_His_Pupil_Bharadvaja%2C_Folio_from_the_%27Shangri%27_Ramayana_%28Adventures_of_Rama%29_LACMA_M.83.105.9.jpg/440px-Valmiki_Reciting_the_Ramayana_to_His_Pupil_Bharadvaja%2C_Folio_from_the_%27Shangri%27_Ramayana_%28Adventures_of_Rama%29_LACMA_M.83.105.9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3203" data-file-height="2213" /></a><figcaption>Valmiki recita il <i>Ramayana</i> al suo allievo Bharadvaja (inizi XVIII secolo).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Birth_of_rama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Birth_of_rama.jpg/220px-Birth_of_rama.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Birth_of_rama.jpg/330px-Birth_of_rama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Birth_of_rama.jpg/440px-Birth_of_rama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="490" /></a><figcaption>La nascita di Rama (1712).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dasharatha_four_sons.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Dasharatha_four_sons.jpg/220px-Dasharatha_four_sons.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Dasharatha_four_sons.jpg/330px-Dasharatha_four_sons.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Dasharatha_four_sons.jpg/440px-Dasharatha_four_sons.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="342" /></a><figcaption>L'imperatore Dasharatha con i suoi quattro figli: Rama, Bharata, Lakshmana e Satrughuna (1700 circa).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hanuman_before_Rama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Hanuman_before_Rama.jpg/220px-Hanuman_before_Rama.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Hanuman_before_Rama.jpg/330px-Hanuman_before_Rama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Hanuman_before_Rama.jpg/440px-Hanuman_before_Rama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Rama e Sita assisi sul trono con Hanuman (a sinistra) e Lakshmana (a destra) in atteggiamento devozionale (XVI secolo).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ravana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Ravana.jpg/220px-Ravana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Ravana.jpg/330px-Ravana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Ravana.jpg/440px-Ravana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="890" /></a><figcaption>Ravana, il re di Lanka (1920). Demone dalle dieci teste e dalle venti braccia, Ravana è l'acerrimo nemico di Rama e l'antagonista principale del <i>Ramayana.</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Il nucleo originario del poema è sconosciuto, il completamento della sua redazione va invece ascritto ai primi secoli della nostra era<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. L'epos ramaico consta di 24.000 versi (<i>shloka</i>), 70.000 in meno rispetto al più complesso <i><a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81bh%C4%81rata" title="Mahābhārata">Mahabharata</a></i>, suddivisi in oltre 645 canti (<i>sarga)</i>, distribuiti in sette libri (<i>kanda)</i>, di cui il primo (<i>Balakandha</i>) e il settimo (<i>Uttarkandha</i>) sono considerati, a giudizio unanime della critica, delle addizioni posteriori<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Il nucleo originario dell'intera opera è costituito dai libri II-VI<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dove Rama appare nella sua veste eroica, acquisendo, nei due libri recenziori, il I e il VII, evidenti caratteristiche divine, anche se vi sono tracce di aspetti divini dello stesso Rama anche nelle parti più antiche del poema<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Il <i>Rāmāyana</i>, proprio come i poemi omerici, può essere considerato come un serbatoio o una raccolta dell'insieme delle conoscenze e dei modelli culturali di un'intera <a href="/wiki/Civilt%C3%A0" title="Civiltà">civiltà</a>. L'epos ramaico pertanto svolge una funzione educativa adempiendo in pieno, essendo depositario del sapere collettivo, al suo compito didattico-paradigmatico. Eppure questo deposito o "sedimento ereditario", trasmesso dalla tradizione orale, non va inteso come patrimonio onnicomprensivo, ma piuttosto come stratificazione e sovrapposizione progressiva di un materiale <a href="/wiki/Storia" title="Storia">storico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mitologia" title="Mitologia">mitico</a>, aneddotico e geografico che nel corso dei secoli è stato ricucito in una raccolta organica divenuta sintesi e simbolo dei contenuti culturali, religiosi e filosofici di un'intera civiltà. </p><p>In questo senso Rama, non è solo il protagonista dell'epos narrato, bensì il nome dato ad un codice di comportamento morale, religioso, politico, e sociale che appartiene ad una fase precisa dell'antica civiltà bharatiyana. Ciò significa che il poema ramaico non solo “descrive", ma "prescrive", attraverso il fulgido esempio di Rama e Sita come archetipi di perfezione e di adesione al <i><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">dharma</a></i>, un modello di condotta morale ed etica da imitare e interiorizzare. </p><p>La narrazione di questi eventi mitici ci è giunta grazie alle eleganti strofe di Valmiki che, con il suo stile raffinato ed erudito, sembra anticipare gli elaborati componimenti di epoca classica (<i>Kavya</i>), ossia un particolare tipo di letteratura caratterizzata da lunghissime descrizioni, sorprendenti paragoni e <a href="/wiki/Metafora" title="Metafora">metafore</a>, giochi di parole e ostentazioni di dottrina, rime interne e tutto un repertorio di ricercatezze formali e ornamenti stilistici (<i>alamkara</i>) che inducono gli studiosi ad ipotizzare una matrice di natura aristocratica e a individuare nelle corti e nelle cerchie di intellettuali il luogo privilegiato di irradiazione di questo nuova e sapiente produzione letteraria. Anche gli <a href="/wiki/Indologia" title="Indologia">indologi</a> sono unanimi nell'accettare il dato della tradizione che assegna a un cantore (<i>adivaki</i>) la composizione del poema o, almeno, di quello che è ritenuto il suo nucleo originario, nonostante il nome di questi, Valmiki, venga citato solo esclusivamente nelle due sezioni, la prima e la settima, notoriamente considerate spurie. </p><p>In ogni caso il celebre <i>adivaki</i> non avrebbe fatto altro che rielaborare e ricucire gli antichi materiali relativi all'eroe Rama, tramandati dai <a href="/wiki/Bardo" title="Bardo">bardi</a> o cantori itineranti (<i>carana</i>, <i>kushilava</i>), dei quali abbiamo traccia anche in tradizioni esterne alla cultura brahmanica, come quella <a href="/wiki/Buddismo" title="Buddismo">buddista</a> e quella <a href="/wiki/Giainismo" title="Giainismo">giainista</a>. </p><p>Il <i>Rāmāyana</i> è giunto a noi in tre recensioni<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <ul><li>l'edizione "meridionale" detta di Bombay o <i>vulgata</i> (in 24.049 strofe; 24.272 nella versione di Kumbakhonam; 645 <i>sarga</i>, "canti"), probabilmente la più antica; l'ultima ristampa di questa versione è in 7 volumi (4 di commenti) editi dalla Nag di Delhi 1990-1991;</li> <li>l'edizione "nord-occidentale" (24.202 strofe; 666 <i>sarga</i>); la pubblicazione di questa edizione è in 7 voll. curati da R. Labhaya, Bh. e V. Shastri, D.A.V. College Research Dept. Lahore 1928-1947.</li> <li>l'edizione "orientale", detta "bengalese" o <i>gauda</i> (23.930 strofe; 672 <i>sarga</i>).</li></ul> <p>Tutte e tre le recensioni, seppure differiscano per intere sezioni e persino per discrepanze di contenuto, sono suddivise in sette <i>kanda</i> e offrono ad ogni modo una visione omogenea e coerente dello svolgimento dell'azione principale. Ogni <i>kanda</i> origina il proprio nome dalla natura della materia trattata. </p><p>A queste tre recensioni se ne aggiunge un'altra detta "critica", in 18.766 strofe (606 <i>sarga</i>), la quale ha suscitato non poche opposizioni. Tale edizione "critica" è stata pubblicata in 7 volumi da G.H. Bhatt, L.P. Vaidya, P.C. Divanji, D.R. Mankad, G.C. Jhala e U. P. Shah, Oriental Institute, Baroda, 1970-1985. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Il_tema_centrale">Il tema centrale</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%81m%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87a&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Il tema centrale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%81m%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87a&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Il tema centrale"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il tema centrale del poema consiste nella storia di <a href="/wiki/R%C4%81ma" title="Rāma">Rama</a>, giovane principe valoroso e settimo <i><a href="/wiki/Avatara" title="Avatara">avatara</a></i> di <a href="/wiki/Visn%C3%B9" title="Visnù">Visnù</a>, e della sua sposa, <a href="/wiki/S%C4%ABt%C4%81" title="Sītā">Sita</a>. Gli eventi sono ambientati nel momento di passaggio tra la fine del <i>Treta-yuga</i> e l'inizio dello <i>Dvapara-yuga</i>. Rama, principe ereditario del regno dei Kosala viene privato ingiustamente del diritto al trono ed esiliato dalla capitale <a href="/wiki/Ayodhya" title="Ayodhya">Ayodhya</a> (collocata nei pressi dell'odierna <a href="/wiki/Faizabad" title="Faizabad">Faizabad</a>)."Rama trascorrerà quattordici anni in esilio, insieme alla moglie <a href="/wiki/S%C4%ABt%C4%81" title="Sītā">Sita</a> e al fratello Lakshmana, dapprima nei pressi della collina di Citrakuta, dove si trovava l'eremo di <a href="/wiki/V%C4%81lm%C4%ABki" title="Vālmīki">Valmiki</a> e di altri saggi, in seguito nella foresta Dandaka, popolata da molti demoni (<i><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81k%E1%B9%A3asa" title="Rākṣasa">rakshasa</a></i>). </p><p>Lì Sita viene rapita dal crudele demone <a href="/wiki/R%C4%81va%E1%B9%87a" title="Rāvaṇa">Ravana</a>, che la conduce nell'isola di <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Lanka</a>. Rama e Lakshmana si alleano quindi con un potente popolo di scimmie evolute (<i><a href="/wiki/V%C4%81nara" title="Vānara">vanara</a></i>) e, insieme ai guerrieri scimmia, tra i quali c'è il valoroso e fedele <a href="/wiki/Hanumat" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanumat">Hanuman</a>, costruiscono un ponte che collega l'estremità meridionale dell'<a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> con Lanka. L'esercito affronta l'armata dei demoni, e Ravana viene ucciso in duello da Rama, che torna vittorioso nella capitale Ayodhya, e viene incoronato imperatore. In seguito Rama, per proteggere la sua reputazione pubblica, è costretto a ripudiare Sita, a causa del sospetto che abbia ceduto alle molestie di Ravana, nonostante Sita si fosse già sottoposta ad una prova per verificare sua purezza, sottoponendosi alla prova del fuoco e uscendo indenne dalle fiamme. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="I_sette_kanda_del_Ramayana">I sette <i>kanda</i> del <i>Ramayana</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%81m%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87a&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione I sette kanda del Ramayana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%81m%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87a&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: I sette kanda del Ramayana"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81m%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87a_I:_%27%27B%C4%81lak%C4%81%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Da%27%27" title="Rāmāyaṇa I: ''Bālakāṇḍa''">Bālakāṇḍa</a></b></i> (बालकाण्ड; "La sezione [di Rama] giovane")</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81m%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87a_II_:_%27%27Ayodhy%C4%81k%C4%81%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Da%27%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Rāmāyaṇa II : ''Ayodhyākāṇḍa''">Ayodhyākāṇḍa</a></b></i> (अयोध्याकण्ड; "La sezione di Ayodhya")</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81m%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87a_III_:_%27%27%C4%80ra%E1%B9%87yak%C4%81%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Da%27%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Rāmāyaṇa III : ''Āraṇyakāṇḍa''">Āraṇyakāṇḍa</a></b></i> (आरण्यकाण्ड; "La sezione della foresta")</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81m%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87a_IV_:_%27%27Ki%E1%B9%A3kindh%C4%81k%C4%81%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Da%27%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Rāmāyaṇa IV : ''Kiṣkindhākāṇḍa''">Kiṣkindhākāṇḍa</a></b></i> (किष्किन्धाकाण्ड; "La sezione di Kiskinda")</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81m%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87a_V_:_%27%27Sundarak%C4%81%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Da%27%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Rāmāyaṇa V : ''Sundarakāṇḍa''">Sundarakāṇḍa</a></b></i> (सुन्दरकाण्ड; "La sezione bella")</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81m%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87a_VI_:_%27%27Yuddhak%C4%81%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Da%27%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Rāmāyaṇa VI : ''Yuddhakāṇḍa''">Yuddhakāṇḍa</a></b></i> (युद्धकाण्ड; "La sezione della battaglia")</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81m%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87a_VII_:_%27%27Uttarak%C4%81%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Da%27%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Rāmāyaṇa VII : ''Uttarakāṇḍa''">Uttarakāṇḍa</a></b></i> (उत्तरकाण्ड; "La sezione ulteriore")</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opere_derivate">Opere derivate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%81m%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87a&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Opere derivate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%81m%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87a&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Opere derivate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Dal 25 gennaio 1987 al 31 luglio 1988 la rete televisiva pubblica sanatani Durdarshana ha trasmesso, ogni domenica, ottanta puntate di una riduzione cinematografica dell'opera. La serie, la cui regia è di <a href="/wiki/Ramanand_Sagar" title="Ramanand Sagar">Ramanand Sagar</a>, è stata la più seguita nella storia delle televisioni indiane con una media di ottanta milioni di spettatori.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%81m%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87a&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%81m%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87a&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139517313">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione{margin-bottom:.5em;font-size:95%;padding-left:2.4em;padding-right:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-doppia{display:flex;gap:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-doppia>div{width:0;flex:1 1 0}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-footer{padding:0 1.2em 0 0;margin:0}</style><div class="itwiki-template-citazione"> <div class="itwiki-template-citazione-singola"> <p>«Gli studiosi collocano la sua redazione definitiva intorno al <a href="/wiki/II_secolo_d.C." class="mw-redirect" title="II secolo d.C.">II secolo d.C.</a> Peraltro, il nucleo originario della storia di Rāma è senz'altro più antico, forse ascrivibile al V-IV secolo a.C.» </p> </div><p class="itwiki-template-citazione-footer">(<small>Rigopoulos, p. CXIV</small>)</p></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Piantelli, p.123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Tra gli altri, Pelissero, p.69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Pelissero, p.69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Pelissero, p. 70</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%81m%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87a&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%81m%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87a&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Nella raccolta <i>Hinduismo antico</i>, su progetto editoriale e introduzione generale di Francesco Sferra, pubblicata nei Meridiani della Mondadori nel 2010 vi è una selezione dei brani del <i>Rāmāyaṇa </i> curata da Stefano Piano e Alberto Pelissero che fanno riferimento alla versione detta <i>vulgata</i> dell'opera. Alle pp. CXIII e sgg. di questo testo vi è l'introduzione all'opera di Antonio Rigopoulos.</li> <li>Un organizzato sommario 7 <i>kāṇḍa</i> del <i>Rāmāyaṇa</i>, curato da Stefano Piano, è alle pp. 132 e sgg. di Giuliano Boccali, Stefano Piano, Saverio Sani, <i>Le letterature dell'India</i> edito dalla UTET di Torino nel 2000.</li> <li>Alberto Pelissero, <i>Letterature classiche dell'India</i>. Brescia, Morcelliana, 2007, pp. 69 e sgg.</li> <li>Mario Piantelli, <i>Hindūismo: testi e dottrine</i> in <i>Hinduismo</i> (a cura di Giovanni Filoramo); Bari, Laterza, 2002.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traduzioni_in_lingua_italiana">Traduzioni in lingua italiana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%81m%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87a&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Traduzioni in lingua italiana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%81m%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87a&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Traduzioni in lingua italiana"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Il Ramayana</i>, a cura di <a href="/wiki/Gaspare_Gorresio" title="Gaspare Gorresio">Gaspare Gorresio</a>, 5 voll., Parigi, 1870; ristampa 3 voll. Genova, Fratelli Melita, 1988 (è una traduzione integrale della recensione "bengalese").</li> <li><i>Rāmāyaṇa. Il grande poema epico della mitologia indiana</i>, Voll. I-III, a cura di Saverio Sani, Carlo Della Casa, Vincenzina Mazzarino, Agata Pellegrini, Tiziana Pontillo, Milano, Mimesis, 2019.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Riduzioni_in_lingua_italiana">Riduzioni in lingua italiana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%81m%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87a&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Riduzioni in lingua italiana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%81m%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87a&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Riduzioni in lingua italiana"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Il Ramayana</i>, a cura di R. K. Narayan, Guanda, Milano 1991 (nell'originale è una riduzione in inglese)</li> <li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a href="/wiki/V%C4%81lm%C4%ABki" title="Vālmīki">Vālmīki</a>, <span style="font-style:italic;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mursia.com/index.php?page=shop.product_details&category_id=59&flypage=flypage.tpl&product_id=3479&option=com_virtuemart&Itemid=58">Ramayana (versione per bambini)</a></span>, Beccogiallo, <a href="/wiki/Mursia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mursia">Mursia</a>, p. 62, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-88-425-1963-8" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-88-425-1963-8">978-88-425-1963-8</a>.</cite></li> <li>Il <i>Ramayana,</i> a cura di Ornella Guidi, con prefazione di Oscar Botto, Sansoni Editore Narrativa, Firenze 1990.</li> <li>Nel volume <i>Miti dell'India e del Buddhismo</i>, (Roma - Bari, 2012, a cura di Giuliano Boccali, traduzione di Anna Odierno) è riportata la versione in prosa del Ramayana che ne diedero <a href="/wiki/%C4%80nanda_K._Coomaraswamy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ānanda K. Coomaraswamy">Ananda K. Coomaraswamy</a> e <a href="/wiki/Suor_Nivedita" class="mw-redirect" title="Suor Nivedita">Suor Nivedita</a> a inizi '900.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%81m%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87a&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%81m%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87a&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Induismo" title="Induismo">Induismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itih%C4%81sa" title="Itihāsa">Itihāsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81ma" title="Rāma">Rāma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81bh%C4%81rata" title="Mahābhārata">Mahābhārata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pur%C4%81%E1%B9%87a" title="Purāṇa">Purāṇa</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%81m%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87a&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%81m%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87a&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Ramayana"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ramayana?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ramayana?uselang=it"><span style="font-style:italic;">Rāmāyaṇa</span></a></span></b></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_odd{background:#fdfdfd;color:var(--color-base,black)}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_even{background:#f7f7f7;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox a.mw-selflink{color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox_image{padding-left:7px;vertical-align:middle;width:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal;text-align:right;width:7em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox_image img{max-width:none!important}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox{margin:-3px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:#e6e6ff;padding:0 10px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible autocollapse noprint metadata" id="navbox-Divinità_e_riti_induisti"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3" style="background:#FFC569;"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Divinit%C3%A0_e_riti_induisti" title="Template:Divinità e riti induisti"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:Divinit%C3%A0_e_riti_induisti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:Divinità e riti induisti (la pagina non esiste)"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Divinit%C3%A0_e_riti_induisti&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><a href="/wiki/Divinit%C3%A0_induiste" title="Divinità induiste">Divinità</a> e <a href="/wiki/Rito_liturgico" title="Rito liturgico">riti</a> propri dell'<a href="/wiki/Induismo" title="Induismo">induismo</a>, del <a href="/wiki/Vedismo" title="Vedismo">vedismo</a> e del <a href="/wiki/Bramanesimo" title="Bramanesimo">bramanesimo</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="background:#FFC569;"><a href="/wiki/Deva" title="Deva">Divinità maschili</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd" style="padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Trimurti" title="Trimurti">Trimurti</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brahm%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmā">Brahmā</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Siva_(divinit%C3%A0)" title="Siva (divinità)">Siva</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Visn%C3%B9" title="Visnù">Visnù</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Agni_(divinit%C3%A0)" title="Agni (divinità)">Agni</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/A%C5%9Bvin" title="Aśvin">Aśvin</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Chandra_(divinit%C3%A0)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandra (divinità)">Chandra</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dattatreya" title="Dattatreya">Dattatreya</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ganesha" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/K%C4%81ma" title="Kāma">Kāma</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Karttikeya" title="Karttikeya">Karttikeya</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Krishna" class="mw-redirect" title="Krishna">Krishna</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kubera" title="Kubera">Kubera</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/R%C4%81ma" title="Rāma">Rāma</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/S%C5%ABrya" title="Sūrya">Sūrya</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Varu%E1%B9%87a" title="Varuṇa">Varuṇa</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/V%C4%81yu" title="Vāyu">Vāyu</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Vi%C5%9Bvakarm%C4%81" title="Viśvakarmā">Viśvakarmā</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Yama" title="Yama">Yama</a><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Divinit%C3%A0_induiste" title="Divinità induiste">altri</a></i></td><td rowspan="3" class="navbox_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Om_symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/60px-Om_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/90px-Om_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/120px-Om_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="background:#FFC569;"><a href="/wiki/Dev%C4%AB" title="Devī">Divinità femminili</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even" style="padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Tridevi" title="Tridevi">Tridevi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sarasvat%C4%AB" title="Sarasvatī">Sarasvatī</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lak%E1%B9%A3m%C4%AB" title="Lakṣmī">Lakṣmī</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Adit%C4%AB" title="Aditī">Aditī</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Durg%C4%81" title="Durgā">Durgā</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ga%E1%B9%85g%C4%81" title="Gaṅgā">Gaṅgā</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/K%C4%81l%C4%AB" title="Kālī">Kālī</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mahadevi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahadevi">Mahadevi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81vidy%C4%81" title="Mahāvidyā">Mahāvidyā</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81t%E1%B9%9Bk%C4%81" title="Mātṛkā">Mātṛkā</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/R%C4%81dh%C4%81" title="Rādhā">Rādhā</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sati_(divinit%C3%A0_induista)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sati (divinità induista)">Satī</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aakti" title="Śakti">Śakti</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/S%C4%ABt%C4%81" title="Sītā">Sītā</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/U%E1%B9%A3%C3%A1s" title="Uṣás">Uṣás</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Yamuna_(dea)" title="Yamuna (dea)">Yami</a><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Divinit%C3%A0_induiste" title="Divinità induiste">altre</a></i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="background:#FFC569;"><a href="/wiki/Rito_liturgico#Induismo" title="Rito liturgico">Riti</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd" style="padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Agnichayana" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnichayana">Agnichayana</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/A%C5%9Bvamedha" title="Aśvamedha">Aśvamedha</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Namakarana" title="Namakarana">Namakarana</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/P%C5%ABj%C4%81" title="Pūjā">Pūjā</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Upanayana" title="Upanayana">Upanayana</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Yaj%C3%B1a" title="Yajña">Yajña</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" class="navbox_abovebelow" style="background:#FFC569;"><a href="/wiki/Induismo" title="Induismo">Induismo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Vedismo" title="Vedismo">Vedismo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bramanesimo" title="Bramanesimo">Bramanesimo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">Tantra</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Scivaismo" title="Scivaismo">Scivaismo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Visnuismo" title="Visnuismo">Visnuismo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Shaktismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaktismo">Shaktismo</a></th></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/310519999">310519999</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n82000506">n82000506</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4200969-8">4200969-8</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Spagna" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Spagna">BNE</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="spagnolo">ES</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX2216788">XX2216788</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX2216788">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007269330705171">987007269330705171</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-grow: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hinduism_symbol.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Induismo"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Hinduism_symbol.png/24px-Hinduism_symbol.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Hinduism_symbol.png/36px-Hinduism_symbol.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Hinduism_symbol.png/48px-Hinduism_symbol.png 2x" data-file-width="266" data-file-height="278" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Induismo" title="Portale:Induismo">Portale Induismo</a></b>: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di induismo</div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Estratto da "<a dir="ltr" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rāmāyaṇa&oldid=140351174">https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rāmāyaṇa&oldid=140351174</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Categorie" title="Categoria:Categorie">Categorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Opere_letterarie_in_sanscrito" title="Categoria:Opere letterarie in sanscrito">Opere letterarie in sanscrito</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:R%C4%81m%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87a" title="Categoria:Rāmāyaṇa">Rāmāyaṇa</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorie nascoste: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Scheda_libro_con_anno_di_prima_pubblicazione_mancante" title="Categoria:Scheda libro con anno di prima pubblicazione mancante">Scheda libro con anno di prima pubblicazione mancante</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P18_differente_su_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P18 differente su Wikidata">P18 differente su Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P50_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P50 letta da Wikidata">P50 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_VIAF" title="Categoria:Voci con codice VIAF">Voci con codice VIAF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_LCCN" title="Categoria:Voci con codice LCCN">Voci con codice LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_GND" title="Categoria:Voci con codice GND">Voci con codice GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_BNE" title="Categoria:Voci con codice BNE">Voci con codice BNE</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_J9U" title="Categoria:Voci con codice J9U">Voci con codice J9U</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_non_biografiche_con_codici_di_controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Categoria:Voci non biografiche con codici di controllo di autorità">Voci non biografiche con codici di controllo di autorità</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Questa pagina è stata modificata per l'ultima volta il 24 lug 2024 alle 15:29.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Il testo è disponibile secondo la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.it">licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo</a>; 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