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Andreas Peter Bernstorff – Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia

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Treść dostępna w 13 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 języków</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Peter_Bernstorff" title="Andreas Peter Bernstorff – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Andreas Peter Bernstorff" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Peter_von_Bernstorff" title="Andreas Peter von Bernstorff – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Andreas Peter von Bernstorff" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Peter_Bernstorff" title="Andreas Peter Bernstorff – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Andreas Peter Bernstorff" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Peter_von_Bernstorff" title="Andreas Peter von Bernstorff – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Andreas Peter von Bernstorff" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Peter_Bernstorff" title="Andreas Peter Bernstorff – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Andreas Peter Bernstorff" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%81" title="اندرياس بيتر بيرنستورف – egipski arabski" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اندرياس بيتر بيرنستورف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egipski arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E3%83%95" title="アンドレアス・ペーター・フォン・ベルンシュトルフ – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アンドレアス・ペーター・フォン・ベルンシュトルフ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Peter_Bernstorff" title="Andreas Peter Bernstorff – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Andreas Peter Bernstorff" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Peter_Bernstorff" title="Andreas Peter Bernstorff – norweski (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Andreas Peter Bernstorff" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norweski (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84,_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Бернсторф, Андреас Петер – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бернсторф, Андреас Петер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Peter_Bernstorff" title="Andreas Peter Bernstorff – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Andreas Peter Bernstorff" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Peter_Bernstorff" title="Andreas Peter Bernstorff – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Andreas Peter Bernstorff" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84" title="Андреас Петер Бернсторф – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Андреас Петер Бернсторф" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedii, wolnej encyklopedii</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox"> <caption class="naglowek"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r65781301">.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex{display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-ikona{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0;font-size:7px;max-width:40px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-tekst{flex-grow:1}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-1{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-2{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-3{font-style:italic;font-size:90%}</style><div class="iboxt-1">Andreas Peter Bernstorff</div> </caption> <tbody><tr class="grafika iboxs"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:AP_Bernstorff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ilustracja" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/AP_Bernstorff.jpg/222px-AP_Bernstorff.jpg" decoding="async" width="222" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/AP_Bernstorff.jpg/333px-AP_Bernstorff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/AP_Bernstorff.jpg/444px-AP_Bernstorff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2320" data-file-height="2507" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Data i&#160;miejsce urodzenia </th> <td> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/28_sierpnia" title="28 sierpnia">28 sierpnia</a> <a href="/wiki/1735" title="1735">1735</a></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Hanower" title="Hanower">Hanower</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Data śmierci </th> <td> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/21_czerwca" title="21 czerwca">21 czerwca</a> <a href="/wiki/1797" title="1797">1797</a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#EAECF0; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;"><a href="/wiki/Ministrowie_spraw_zagranicznych_Danii" title="Ministrowie spraw zagranicznych Danii">Minister spraw zagranicznych Danii</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Okres </th> <td> <p>od <a href="/wiki/1772" title="1772">1772</a><br /> do <a href="/wiki/1780" title="1780">1780</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Poprzednik </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Johann_Hartwig_Ernst_von_Bernstorff" title="Johann Hartwig Ernst von Bernstorff">Johann Hartwig Ernst von Bernstorff</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Następca </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Ove_H%C3%B8egh-Guldberg" title="Ove Høegh-Guldberg">Ove Høegh-Guldberg</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#EAECF0; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;"><a href="/wiki/Ministrowie_spraw_zagranicznych_Danii" title="Ministrowie spraw zagranicznych Danii">Minister spraw zagranicznych Danii</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Okres </th> <td> <p>od <a href="/wiki/1784" title="1784">1784</a><br /> do <a href="/wiki/1797" title="1797">1797</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Poprzednik </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Ove_H%C3%B8egh-Guldberg" title="Ove Høegh-Guldberg">Ove Høegh-Guldberg</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Następca </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Christian_G%C3%BCnther_von_Bernstorff" title="Christian Günther von Bernstorff">Christian Günther von Bernstorff</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#EAECF0; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;">Odznaczenia </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Order_S%C5%82onia" title="Order Słonia (Dania)"><img alt="Order Słonia (Dania)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Order_of_the_Elephant_Ribbon_bar.svg/40px-Order_of_the_Elephant_Ribbon_bar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Order_of_the_Elephant_Ribbon_bar.svg/60px-Order_of_the_Elephant_Ribbon_bar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Order_of_the_Elephant_Ribbon_bar.svg/80px-Order_of_the_Elephant_Ribbon_bar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Order_Danebroga" title="Krzyż Wielki Orderu Danebroga (Dania)"><img alt="Krzyż Wielki Orderu Danebroga (Dania)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Order_of_the_Dannebrog_S.K.svg/40px-Order_of_the_Dannebrog_S.K.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Order_of_the_Dannebrog_S.K.svg/60px-Order_of_the_Dannebrog_S.K.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Order_of_the_Dannebrog_S.K.svg/80px-Order_of_the_Dannebrog_S.K.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Order_Wierno%C5%9Bci_(Dania)" title="Order Wierności (Dania)"><img alt="Order Wierności (Dania)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/DEN_Ordre_de_l%27Union_Parfaite_ribbon.svg/40px-DEN_Ordre_de_l%27Union_Parfaite_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/DEN_Ordre_de_l%27Union_Parfaite_ribbon.svg/60px-DEN_Ordre_de_l%27Union_Parfaite_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/DEN_Ordre_de_l%27Union_Parfaite_ribbon.svg/80px-DEN_Ordre_de_l%27Union_Parfaite_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint plainlinks" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Andreas_Peter_Bernstorff" title="Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Andreas_Peter_Bernstorff" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Andreas Peter Bernstorff">Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Andreas Peter Bernstorff</b> (ur. <a href="/wiki/28_sierpnia" title="28 sierpnia">28 sierpnia</a> <a href="/wiki/1735" title="1735">1735</a>, zm. <a href="/wiki/21_czerwca" title="21 czerwca">21 czerwca</a> <a href="/wiki/1797" title="1797">1797</a>) – duński mąż stanu i polityk, z rodu <a href="/wiki/Bernstorff" title="Bernstorff">Bernstorff</a>. Odznaczony <a href="/wiki/Order_S%C5%82onia" title="Order Słonia">Orderem Słonia</a> w 1776 roku<sup id="cite_ref-jhf_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jhf-1">[1]</a></sup> </p><p>Urodził się w <a href="/wiki/Hanower" title="Hanower">Hanowerze</a>. W świat polityki wprowadził go wuj <a href="/wiki/Johann_Hartwig_Ernst_von_Bernstorff" title="Johann Hartwig Ernst von Bernstorff">Johann Hartwig Ernst von Bernstorff</a>. Po wielkim <i><a href="/wiki/Grand_Tour" title="Grand Tour">Grand Tour</a></i> po Europie, wszedł w służbę królewską w <a href="/wiki/1755" title="1755">1755</a> roku. W latach 1760 był zdolnym urzędnikiem lecz nie wybijającym się i pozostającym w świcie wuja. Rządzący w latach 1770-1771 Niemiec <a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Struensee" title="Johann Friedrich Struensee">Johann Friedrich Struensee</a> odwołał go, lecz nowy rząd, któremu przewodził <a href="/wiki/Ove_H%C3%B8egh-Guldberg" title="Ove Høegh-Guldberg">Ove Høegh-Guldberg</a> ponownie skorzystał z jego usług. </p><p>Gdy w roku <a href="/wiki/1773" title="1773">1773</a> został ministrem spraw zagranicznych rozpoczęła się jego prawdziwa kariera polityczna. </p><p>Jako minister spraw zagranicznych uprawiał politykę umiarkowanie prorosyjską, dzięki czemu trzymał Szwecję w cuglach. Starał się również unikać zadrażnień z Wielką Brytanią. Miał już wielu wrogów w ramach rządu. Gdy toczyła się <a href="/wiki/Wojna_o_niepodleg%C5%82o%C5%9B%C4%87_Stan%C3%B3w_Zjednoczonych" title="Wojna o niepodległość Stanów Zjednoczonych">amerykańska wojna rewolucyjna</a> poparł politykę "zbrojnej neutralności". W roku 1780 osiągnął ogromny sukces polityczny wstępując do anty-brytyjskiej <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liga_zbrojnej_neutralno%C5%9Bci&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Liga zbrojnej neutralności (strona nie istnieje)">Ligi Neutralności</a> ze Szwecją i Rosją i jednocześnie gwarantując Danii bezpieczeństwo jej handlowych interesów, poprzez odpowiednią umowę z Wielką Brytanią. </p><p>Głęboka niechęć Rosjan do niezależnej od nich polityki ministra, dała jego rywalom pretekst do zwolnienia go. W listopadzie <a href="/wiki/1780" title="1780">1780</a> <a href="/wiki/Ove_H%C3%B8egh-Guldberg" title="Ove Høegh-Guldberg">Ove Høegh-Guldberg</a> zdymisjonował Bernstorffa. </p><p>W latach <a href="/wiki/1784" title="1784">1784</a>–<a href="/wiki/1797" title="1797">1797</a> Bernstorff znów był ministrem spraw zagranicznych. Odmówił jakiejkolwiek interwencji przeciwko Francji, gdzie szalała <a href="/wiki/Rewolucja_francuska" title="Rewolucja francuska">rewolucja francuska</a>. </p><p>Słynął z obrony wolności, także teoretycznej. </p><p>Był odznaczony duńskimi orderami <a href="/wiki/Order_Danebroga" title="Order Danebroga">Danebroga</a> (1766), <a href="/wiki/Order_S%C5%82onia" title="Order Słonia">Słonia</a> (1776) i <a href="/wiki/Order_Wierno%C5%9Bci_(Dania)" title="Order Wierności (Dania)">Wierności</a> (1765)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup>. </p><p>Jego syn <a href="/wiki/Christian_G%C3%BCnther_von_Bernstorff" title="Christian Günther von Bernstorff">Christian Günther von Bernstorff</a> był również politykiem. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Peter_Bernstorff&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Peter_Bernstorff&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-jhf-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-jhf_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Johann Heinrich Friedrich Berlien: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.dk/books?id=-BAZAAAAYAAJ&amp;hl=pl&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s">Der Elephanten-Orden und seine Ritter</a></i>. Kopenhaga: Berlingschen Officin, 1846, s. 110</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Jan René Westh:&#32;<i>Ordenen de l'Union Parfaite 1732–1770</i>.&#32;Kopenhaga&#58;&#32;Ordenshistorisk Forslag,&#32;2003,&#32;s.&#32;27. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/8798713213" title="Specjalna:Książki/8798713213">ISBN&#160;<span class="isbn isbn-ulepszony">87-987132-1-3</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Ordenen+de+l%27Union+Parfaite+1732%E2%80%931770&amp;rft.au=Jan+Ren%C3%A9+Westh&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.pub=Ordenshistorisk+Forslag&amp;rft.place=Kopenhaga&amp;rft.pages=27&amp;rft.isbn=8798713213"></span>&#32;<span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku duńskim (dansk)">duń.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Peter_Bernstorff&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Peter_Bernstorff&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Bibliografia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Dansk Biografisk Leksikon</i>, vol. 2., 1980</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid 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