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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Departure_from_the_Jesuits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Departure from the Jesuits </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Departure_from_the_Jesuits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lectures,_writing,_and_publishing_(1950–1967)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lectures,_writing,_and_publishing_(1950–1967)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Lectures, writing, and publishing (1950–1967) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lectures,_writing,_and_publishing_(1950–1967)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_years:_Communio_and_ecclesiastical_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_years:_Communio_and_ecclesiastical_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 Later years: Communio and ecclesiastical honors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_years:_Communio_and_ecclesiastical_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8 Death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Theology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writings_and_thought" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writings_and_thought"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Writings and thought </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Writings_and_thought-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Writings and thought subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Writings_and_thought-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Trilogy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trilogy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Trilogy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trilogy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Herrlichkeit_(The_Glory_of_the_Lord)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Herrlichkeit_(The_Glory_of_the_Lord)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.1 Herrlichkeit (The Glory of the Lord) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Herrlichkeit_(The_Glory_of_the_Lord)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theodramatik_(Theo-Drama)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theodramatik_(Theo-Drama)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.2 Theodramatik (Theo-Drama) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theodramatik_(Theo-Drama)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theologik_(Theo-Logic)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theologik_(Theo-Logic)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.3 Theologik (Theo-Logic) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theologik_(Theo-Logic)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apokalypse_der_deutschen_Seele" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apokalypse_der_deutschen_Seele"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Apokalypse der deutschen Seele </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apokalypse_der_deutschen_Seele-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Other works </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Debate_on_Hell,_hope,_and_salvation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Debate_on_Hell,_hope,_and_salvation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Debate on Hell, hope, and salvation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Debate_on_Hell,_hope,_and_salvation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Theology_of_Holy_Saturday"_and_"eternal_super-kenosis"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Theology_of_Holy_Saturday"_and_"eternal_super-kenosis""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 "Theology of Holy Saturday" and "eternal super-kenosis" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Theology_of_Holy_Saturday"_and_"eternal_super-kenosis"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Reception </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Works </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label 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Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" > 30 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="هانس أورس فون بالتازار – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هانس أورس فون بالتازار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Urs_Von_Balthasar" title="Hans Urs Von Balthasar – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hans Urs Von Balthasar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar" title="Hans Urs von Balthasar – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hans Urs von Balthasar" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar" title="Hans Urs von Balthasar – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hans Urs von Balthasar" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar" title="Hans Urs von Balthasar – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hans Urs von Balthasar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar" title="Hans Urs von Balthasar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hans Urs von Balthasar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar" title="Hans Urs von Balthasar – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hans Urs von Balthasar" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar" title="Hans Urs von Balthasar – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hans Urs von Balthasar" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EC%8A%A4_%EC%9A%B0%EB%A5%B4%EC%8A%A4_%ED%8F%B0_%EB%B0%9C%ED%83%80%EC%9E%90%EB%A5%B4" title="한스 우르스 폰 발타자르 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="한스 우르스 폰 발타자르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD_%D5%88%D6%82%D6%80%D5%BD_%D6%86%D5%B8%D5%B6_%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Հանս Ուրս ֆոն Բալթազար – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հանս Ուրս ֆոն Բալթազար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar" title="Hans Urs von Balthasar – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hans Urs von Balthasar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar" title="Hans Urs von Balthasar – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hans Urs von Balthasar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar" title="Hans Urs von Balthasar – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hans Urs von Balthasar" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes_Ursinus_de_Balthasar" title="Ioannes Ursinus de Balthasar – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ioannes Ursinus de Balthasar" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar" title="Hans Urs von Balthasar – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hans Urs von Balthasar" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%89%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC" title="ഹാൻസ് ഉർസ് വോൺ ബാൽത്തസർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹാൻസ് ഉർസ് വോൺ ബാൽത്തസർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="هانس اورس فون بالتازار – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هانس اورس فون بالتازار" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar" title="Hans Urs von Balthasar – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hans Urs von Balthasar" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A6%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%90%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BF%E3%82%B5%E3%83%AB" title="ハンス・ウルス・フォン・バルタサル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハンス・ウルス・フォン・バルタサル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar" title="Hans Urs von Balthasar – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hans Urs von Balthasar" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar" title="Hans Urs von Balthasar – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hans Urs von Balthasar" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar" title="Hans Urs von Balthasar – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hans Urs von Balthasar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar" title="Hans Urs von Balthasar – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hans Urs von Balthasar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80,_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%81_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бальтазар, Ханс Урс фон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бальтазар, Ханс Урс фон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar" title="Hans Urs von Balthasar – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hans Urs von Balthasar" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar" title="Hans Urs von Balthasar – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hans Urs von Balthasar" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar" title="Hans Urs von Balthasar – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hans Urs von Balthasar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Urs_van_Balthasar" title="Hans Urs van Balthasar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hans Urs van Balthasar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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searchaux" style="display:none">Swiss Catholic theologian (1905–1988)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;">The Reverend</div><div class="fn">Hans Urs von Balthasar</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:HUvB-microphone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/HUvB-microphone.jpg/220px-HUvB-microphone.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/HUvB-microphone.jpg/330px-HUvB-microphone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/HUvB-microphone.jpg/440px-HUvB-microphone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="874" data-file-height="1280" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">(1905-08-12)12 August 1905 <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a>, Switzerland</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">26 June 1988(1988-06-26) (aged 82) <div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>, Switzerland</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Ecclesiastical career</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Church</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ordained</th><td class="infobox-data">26 July 1936 (priest) by <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Faulhaber" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal Faulhaber">Cardinal Faulhaber</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic background</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Influences</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Allers" title="Rudolf Allers">Rudolf Allers</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm of Canterbury</a><a href="#cite_note-Wigley-2">[2]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Barth" title="Karl Barth">Karl Barth</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Buber" title="Martin Buber">Martin Buber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Lubac" title="Henri de Lubac">Henri de Lubac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Johann Wolfgang von Goethe</a><a href="#cite_note-Polanco_2017,_p._413-5">[5]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano_Guardini" title="Romano Guardini">Romano Guardini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._W._F._Hegel" class="mw-redirect" title="G. W. F. Hegel">G. W. F. Hegel</a><a href="#cite_note-Polanco_2017,_p._413-5">[5]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_H%C3%B6lderlin" title="Friedrich Hölderlin">Friedrich Hölderlin</a><a href="#cite_note-Polanco_2017,_p._413-5">[5]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Loyola" title="Ignatius of Loyola">Ignatius of Loyola</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a><a href="#cite_note-Polanco_2017,_p._413-5">[5]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Przywara" title="Erich Przywara">Erich Przywara</a><a href="#cite_note-Polanco_2017,_p._413-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrienne_von_Speyr" title="Adrienne von Speyr">Adrienne von Speyr</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></li></ul> </div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic work</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discipline</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">Theology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sub-discipline</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Soteriology" title="Soteriology">soteriology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Systematic_theology" title="Systematic theology">systematic theology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Theological_aesthetics" title="Theological aesthetics">theological aesthetics</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">School or tradition</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_th%C3%A9ologie" title="Nouvelle théologie">Nouvelle théologie</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Influenced</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Barron" title="Robert Barron">Robert Barron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratford_Caldecott" title="Stratford Caldecott">Stratford Caldecott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Bentley_Hart" title="David Bentley Hart">David Bentley Hart</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_von_Hildebrand" title="Dietrich von Hildebrand">Dietrich von Hildebrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Marion" title="Jean-Luc Marion">Jean-Luc Marion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Milbank" title="John Milbank">John Milbank</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aidan_Nichols" title="Aidan Nichols">Aidan Nichols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thierry_de_Roucy" title="Thierry de Roucy">Thierry de Roucy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymund_Schwager" title="Raymund Schwager">Raymund Schwager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Voegelin" title="Eric Voegelin">Eric Voegelin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Hans_Balthasar._Signatur_1962.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Hans_Balthasar._Signatur_1962.jpg/150px-Hans_Balthasar._Signatur_1962.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Hans_Balthasar._Signatur_1962.jpg/225px-Hans_Balthasar._Signatur_1962.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Hans_Balthasar._Signatur_1962.jpg/300px-Hans_Balthasar._Signatur_1962.jpg 2x" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="193" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> Hans Urs von Balthasar (12 August 1905 – 26 June 1988) was a <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Swiss</a> theologian and <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> priest who is considered one of the most important Catholic theologians of the 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-oakes-13">[13]</a> With <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Joseph Ratzinger</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Lubac" title="Henri de Lubac">Henri de Lubac</a>, he founded the theological journal <a href="/wiki/Communio" title="Communio">Communio</a>. Over the course of his life, he authored 85 books, over 500 articles and essays, and almost 100 translations.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> He is known for his 15-volume trilogy on beauty (The Glory of the Lord), goodness (Theo-Drama), and truth (Theo-Logic). <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> announced his choice of Balthasar to become a <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">cardinal</a>, but he died shortly before the consistory. Ratzinger (later Pope Benedict XVI) said in his funeral oration for Balthasar that "he is right in what he teaches of the faith" and that he "points the way to the sources of living water."<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_career">Life and career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and career">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Franziskanerkirche_in_Lucerne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Franziskanerkirche_in_Lucerne.jpg/220px-Franziskanerkirche_in_Lucerne.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Franziskanerkirche_in_Lucerne.jpg/330px-Franziskanerkirche_in_Lucerne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Franziskanerkirche_in_Lucerne.jpg/440px-Franziskanerkirche_in_Lucerne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="827" /></a><figcaption>Franziskanerkirche (Franciscan Church) in <a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a>, Switzerland</figcaption></figure> Balthasar was born in <a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a>, Switzerland, on 12 August 1905, to a patrician family. His father, Oscar Ludwig Carl von Balthasar (1872–1946), was a church architect, and his mother, Gabrielle Pietzcker (d. 1929), helped found the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Schweizerischer_Katholischer_Frauenbund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schweizerischer Katholischer Frauenbund (page does not exist)">Schweizerischer Katholischer Frauenbund</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schweizerischer_Katholischer_Frauenbund" class="extiw" title="de:Schweizerischer Katholischer Frauenbund">de</a>] (Swiss League of Catholic Women). Pietzcker was related to the beatified Hungarian bishop <a href="/wiki/Vilmos_Apor" title="Vilmos Apor">Blessed Vilmos Apor</a>, who was shot by <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> troops in 1945 while trying to protect women from drunken Soviet soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Oscar and Gabrielle had three children. Hans Urs was the eldest. Their son Dieter would join the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Guard" title="Swiss Guard">Swiss Guard</a>. Their daughter Renée (1908–1986) became the superior general of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franciscan_Sisters_of_Sainte-Marie_des_Anges&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franciscan Sisters of Sainte-Marie des Anges (page does not exist)">Franciscan Sisters of Sainte-Marie des Anges</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciscaines_de_Sainte_Marie_des_Anges" class="extiw" title="fr:Franciscaines de Sainte Marie des Anges">fr</a>].<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Hans Urs would later describe his family as "straightforwardly Catholic ... I grew up with a faith that was equally straightforward, untroubled by doubt. I can still remember the silent and very moving early Masses on my own in the choir of the Franciscan church in Lucerne and the ten-o'clock Mass in the Jesuit church, which I thought was stunningly beautiful."<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> As a child, Hans and his family spent much time at the hotel Pension Felsberg, which his grandmother managed. Here, he was regularly exposed to a "cosmopolitan" atmosphere where "trilingualism (German, French, English) [was] taken for granted," as biographer <a href="/wiki/Peter_Henrici" title="Peter Henrici">Peter Henrici</a> notes.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Hans, who had <a href="/wiki/Absolute_pitch" title="Absolute pitch">absolute pitch</a>, was immersed in classical music, particularly <a href="/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert">Schubert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky" title="Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky">Tchaikovsky</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler">Mahler</a>, and this interest would continue through early adulthood. By his own account, he "spent endless hours on the piano".<a href="#cite_note-Von_Balthasar_p._36-20">[20]</a> While doing university studies in Vienna, he reportedly would play the piano <a href="/wiki/Piano_four_hands" title="Piano four hands">four hands</a> almost nightly with his roommate <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Allers" title="Rudolf Allers">Rudolf Allers</a>. Later, as a Jesuit chaplain, he would perform a transcription of <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Mozart</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni">Don Giovanni</a> from memory.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:07HUvB_Wien.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/07HUvB_Wien.jpg/220px-07HUvB_Wien.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/07HUvB_Wien.jpg/330px-07HUvB_Wien.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/07HUvB_Wien.jpg/440px-07HUvB_Wien.jpg 2x" data-file-width="629" data-file-height="857" /></a><figcaption>Balthasar in his early twenties, during studies in Vienna</figcaption></figure> Educated first by Benedictine monks at the abbey school of <a href="/wiki/Engelberg_Abbey" title="Engelberg Abbey">Engelberg</a> in central Switzerland—during the time of the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a>—Balthasar transferred to the more academically rigorous <a href="/wiki/Stella_Matutina_(Jesuit_school)" title="Stella Matutina (Jesuit school)">Stella Matutina</a>, a preparatory school run by the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Society of Jesus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Feldkirch,_Vorarlberg" title="Feldkirch, Vorarlberg">Feldkirch</a>, Austria, whose alumni include <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle" title="Arthur Conan Doyle">Arthur Conan Doyle</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> and the Thomist cardinal <a href="/wiki/Franz_Ehrle" title="Franz Ehrle">Franz Ehrle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Aside from music, Balthasar also took a strong interest in literature, later citing <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante</a> and <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Goethe</a> as key early influences.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> A year before graduation from Stella Matutina, he enrolled early at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Zurich" title="University of Zurich">University of Zurich</a> to study German literature. After stints researching in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, he obtained his doctorate in 1928, with a dissertation on the theme of <a href="/wiki/Eschatology" title="Eschatology">eschatology</a> in German and Germanophone thought, drawing heavily from Catholic theology.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Writing in the 1980s, he said of this latter work that "its fundamental impulse was the desire to reveal ... the ultimate religious attitude, often hidden, of the great figures of modern German literature. I wanted to let them, so to speak, 'make their confession'. The work was of insufficient maturity—most of the chapters ought to be rewritten—and yet some of it may still be valid."<a href="#cite_note-:1-26">[26]</a> According to Henrici, submitting a dissertation of this nature to the "Liberal Protestant" University of Zurich was academically risky for a student at that time, but the faculty awarded Balthasar his doctorate <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/summa_cum_laude" class="extiw" title="wikt:summa cum laude">summa cum laude</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Society_of_Jesus">Society of Jesus</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Society of Jesus">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="; color: #202122;background-color: beige;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> "I was struck as if by lightning.... I needed only to 'leave everything and follow.'" </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">— Hans Urs von Balthasar, on his vocation to the Jesuits</cite> </div> Though a practicing Catholic, with "untroubled faith" and "devotion to <a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">our Lady</a>," Balthasar had remained largely uninterested in theology and spirituality until his university years.<a href="#cite_note-Von_Balthasar_p._36-20">[20]</a> At the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Vienna" title="University of Vienna">University of Vienna</a>—where atheism was prevalent—he was influenced in his religious thinking by Hans Eibl and, more decisively, his friend <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Allers" title="Rudolf Allers">Rudolf Allers</a>, a convert to Catholicism.<a href="#cite_note-Von_Balthasar_p._36-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> While studying in Berlin, he also heard lectures by the theologian <a href="/wiki/Romano_Guardini" title="Romano Guardini">Romano Guardini</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> In 1929, Balthasar attended a retreat for students in <a href="/wiki/Grenzach-Wyhlen" title="Grenzach-Wyhlen">Wyhlen</a>, Germany, and sensed what he believed to be a sudden call to follow <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus Christ</a>:<blockquote>Even today [in 1959], after thirty years, I could still find again the tree on the lost path in the Black Forest, not far from Basel, under which I was struck as if by lightning.... [I]t was neither theology nor the priesthood that, at that moment, appeared in a flash before my mind; it was this alone: You have nothing to choose; you are called. You will not serve; another will use you. You have no plans to make; you are only a small little tile in a mosaic that has long been ready. I needed only to "leave everything and follow," without making plans, without wishes or ideas: I needed only to stand there and wait and see what I would be used for—and so it happened.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></blockquote>He understood this experience as having been mediated by the figure of <a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Loyola" title="Ignatius of Loyola">Ignatius of Loyola</a>. Balthasar would later write of Loyola, "I did not choose him; he set me ablaze like a bolt of lightning."<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> On November 18, 1929, Balthasar entered the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Society of Jesus</a> in south Germany, not long after the death of his mother.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> At that time, Jesuit work and ministry was prohibited in Switzerland by constitutional law.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Von_Balthasar_family_1930s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Von_Balthasar_family_1930s.jpg/220px-Von_Balthasar_family_1930s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Von_Balthasar_family_1930s.jpg/330px-Von_Balthasar_family_1930s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Von_Balthasar_family_1930s.jpg/440px-Von_Balthasar_family_1930s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="748" data-file-height="514" /></a><figcaption>Balthasar (second from left) with his sister, father, and brother</figcaption></figure> After two years as a <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit</a> novice, he studied philosophy at <a href="/wiki/Pullach" title="Pullach">Pullach</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, where he came into contact with <a href="/wiki/Erich_Przywara" title="Erich Przywara">Erich Przywara</a>, who formed him in <a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a> and whose work on the <a href="/wiki/Analogia_entis" title="Analogia entis">analogia entis</a> impacted him, though he would later express some hesitation about certain aspects of his thought. In 1932, Balthasar moved to Fourvière, the Jesuit school in <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, France, for four years of theological study. Here he encountered fellow Jesuits <a href="/wiki/Henri_Bouillard" title="Henri Bouillard">Henri Bouillard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dani%C3%A9lou" title="Jean Daniélou">Jean Daniélou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Fessard" title="Gaston Fessard">Gaston Fessard</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Lubac" title="Henri de Lubac">Henri de Lubac</a>, figures later associated with the <a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_th%C3%A9ologie" title="Nouvelle théologie">nouvelle théologie</a>. De Lubac kindled the young student's interest in the <a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> In Lyon, Balthasar also encountered the work of French writers <a href="/wiki/Charles_P%C3%A9guy" title="Charles Péguy">Charles Péguy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georges_Bernanos" title="Georges Bernanos">Georges Bernanos</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Claudel" title="Paul Claudel">Paul Claudel</a>. Balthasar was <a href="/wiki/Holy_Orders" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Orders">ordained</a> a priest on 26 July 1936. As a motto on his ordination card, he used the phrase "Benedixit, fregit, deditque" ("He blessed it, broke it, and gave"), taken from the words of the institution of the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Eucharist</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Gospel of Luke</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> After finishing his theological studies in 1937, he was sent to Munich to work at the journal <a href="/wiki/Stimmen_der_Zeit" title="Stimmen der Zeit">Stimmen der Zeit</a>, where he remained until 1939. He completed his <a href="/wiki/Tertianship" title="Tertianship">tertianship</a> with Albert Steger in 1940. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HUvB-Schulungsgemeinschaft.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/HUvB-Schulungsgemeinschaft.jpg/220px-HUvB-Schulungsgemeinschaft.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/HUvB-Schulungsgemeinschaft.jpg/330px-HUvB-Schulungsgemeinschaft.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/HUvB-Schulungsgemeinschaft.jpg/440px-HUvB-Schulungsgemeinschaft.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="929" /></a><figcaption>Balthasar (third from right) with the Studentische Schulungsgemeinschaft</figcaption></figure> When given the choice between a professorship at the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Gregorian_University" title="Pontifical Gregorian University">Gregorian University</a> in Rome and a role as student <a href="/wiki/Chaplain" title="Chaplain">chaplain</a> in <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>, Switzerland, he chose the chaplaincy, preferring pastoral work to academia. Moving to Basel in 1940, Balthasar edited the Europaische Reihe literary series for the Sammlung Klosterberg, translated <a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">French Resistance</a> poetry, helped to produce plays (including a staging of his own translations of Bernanos' Dialogues of the Carmelites and Claudel's The Satin Slipper), published book-length studies on <a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a>, and regularly lectured to students. He established the Studentische Schulungsgemeinschaft in 1941, an institute for student formation that featured courses and conferences by <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Rahner" title="Hugo Rahner">Hugo Rahner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Buber" title="Martin Buber">Martin Buber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yves_Congar" title="Yves Congar">Yves Congar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Siewerth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustav Siewerth (page does not exist)">Gustav Siewerth</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Siewerth" class="extiw" title="de:Gustav Siewerth">de</a>], Henri de Lubac, and others. To the students, Balthasar offered liturgies, sermons, retreats, and spiritual direction, with a particular emphasis on the <a href="/wiki/Spiritual_Exercises_of_Ignatius_of_Loyola" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius of Loyola">Spiritual Exercises</a> of Saint Ignatius of Loyola.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> According to Jacques Servais, "A good number of the young men eventually entered the Society of Jesus, while others decided to remain in the lay state, hoping to find a form of consecration to God in the world."<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Collaboration_with_Adrienne_von_Speyr">Collaboration with Adrienne von Speyr</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Collaboration with Adrienne von Speyr">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adrienne_von_Speyr_high_res.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Adrienne_von_Speyr_high_res.jpg/220px-Adrienne_von_Speyr_high_res.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Adrienne_von_Speyr_high_res.jpg/330px-Adrienne_von_Speyr_high_res.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Adrienne_von_Speyr_high_res.jpg/440px-Adrienne_von_Speyr_high_res.jpg 2x" data-file-width="924" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Adrienne_von_Speyr" title="Adrienne von Speyr">Adrienne von Speyr</a></figcaption></figure> During his first months in Basel, he met the physician <a href="/wiki/Adrienne_von_Speyr" title="Adrienne von Speyr">Adrienne von Speyr</a> through a mutual friend. A mother in her late thirties, and a somewhat prominent figure in Basel society, she was married to the historian <a href="/wiki/Werner_Kaegi" title="Werner Kaegi">Werner Kaegi</a>, with two children from her first marriage to <a href="/wiki/Emil_D%C3%BCrr" class="mw-redirect" title="Emil Dürr">Emil Dürr</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_D%C3%BCrr" class="extiw" title="de:Emil Dürr">de</a>], who had died suddenly in 1934. She was a Protestant, but interested in becoming Catholic. Balthasar began to offer her <a href="/wiki/Catechesis" title="Catechesis">catechetical</a> instruction and later said of this process, "In the instructions she understood everything immediately, as though she had only—and for how long!—waited to hear exactly what I was saying in order to affirm it."<a href="#cite_note-:0-38">[38]</a> Shortly following her reception into the Catholic Church on 1 November 1940—at a liturgy celebrated by Balthasar—Speyr began reporting intense experiences in prayer, including visions of <a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Christ's Passion</a> and encounters with various <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saints</a>. In Balthasar's words, "A veritable cataract of mystical graces poured over Adrienne in a seemingly chaotic storm that whirled her in all directions at once."<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> He began to accompany her as a spiritual director, in order to help evaluate the experiences. After he became convinced of the authenticity of Speyr's <a href="/wiki/Christian_mysticism" title="Christian mysticism">mysticism</a>, Balthasar and Speyr both began to believe that they had a shared theological mission.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Between 1944 and 1960, Speyr dictated to Balthasar some 60 books of spiritual and Scriptural commentary. Given Speyr's responsibilities as a mother and a practicing doctor, Balthasar alone worked to arrange, edit, and publish the texts. In 1947, he founded a publishing house, Johannes Verlag, in <a href="/wiki/Einsiedeln" title="Einsiedeln">Einsiedeln</a>, Switzerland, where he began to print and distribute her works with ecclesiastical <a href="/wiki/Imprimatur" title="Imprimatur">imprimatur</a>.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Some of Speyr's works, namely those of a more explicitly mystical character, were not released until <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> organized a Vatican symposium on her thought in 1985, almost 20 years after her death.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> In an interview with <a href="/wiki/Angelo_Scola" title="Angelo Scola">Angelo Scola</a> in 1986, Balthasar gave a portrait of his relationship with the "extensive theology" of von Speyr:<blockquote>All I attempted to do was gather it up and embed it in a space, such as the theology of the Fathers, that of the Middle Ages and the modern age, with which I was fairly familiar. My contribution consisted in providing a comprehensive theological horizon, so that all that was new and valid in her thought would not be watered down or falsified, but be given space to unfold. With a mere textbook-theology one could not have captured Adrienne's work; it required a knowledge of the great tradition to realize that her original propositions in no way contradicted it.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></blockquote>Von Speyr and von Balthasar also collaborated closely in the founding of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://balthasarspeyr.org/community-of-st-john/">Johannesgemeinschaft</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126125225/https://balthasarspeyr.org/community-of-st-john/">Archived</a> 2021-01-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Community of Saint John), a Catholic <a href="/wiki/Secular_institute" title="Secular institute">institute</a> of <a href="/wiki/Consecrated_life" title="Consecrated life">consecrated</a> laypeople established in 1945, with a mission to work for the sanctification of the world from within the world.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> It became more widely known three years later when Balthasar produced a theology for secular institutes in his work Der Laie und der Ordenstand, the first book to be published by Johannes Verlag.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> After a long discernment, Balthasar would eventually leave the Society of Jesus to found this community, since his superiors did not believe it would be compatible with Jesuit life. He saw it as a "personal, special, and non-delegable task."<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Speyr referred to the Johannesgemeinschaft metaphorically as a “Child” she shared with the priest—an analogy that has drawn some criticism<a href="#cite_note-:2-48">[48]</a> but been defended by others.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Speyr served as the superior of the women's branch of the community until her death. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Departure_from_the_Jesuits">Departure from the Jesuits</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Departure from the Jesuits">edit</a>]</div> Beginning in 1945, the year in which he published Das Herz der Welt (Heart of the World),<a href="#cite_note-:3-50">[50]</a> Balthasar met a series of difficulties. He was scheduled to give a Christmas sermon on Swiss public radio, but this was cancelled at the last moment because of the ongoing national constitutional ban on Jesuit activity. The event caused some controversy. In June 1946, his father passed away, followed not long after by his godmother. In May 1946, Robert Rast, a Jesuit novice who had been his friend and collaborator in the Schulungsgemeinschaft, died of tuberculosis.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> That same year, his Jesuit superiors informed him that the Society of Jesus could not be answerable for the Community of Saint John, the <a href="/wiki/Secular_institute" title="Secular institute">secular institute</a> he had begun to organize with Adrienne von Speyr.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Feeling that he "was being called by God to certain definite tasks in the Church", he made a 30-day retreat at the request of Father General <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Janssens" title="Jean-Baptiste Janssens">Jean-Baptiste Janssens</a>, where the director confirmed that Balthasar, while remaining a priest, should leave the Jesuit order to work with the Community of Saint John. Balthasar considered this a "very grave" step,<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> but in 1950, he officially left the Society of Jesus.<a href="#cite_note-Britannica-54">[54]</a> He renewed his religious vows a few months later. Shortly before his exit from the society, the <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Maximilian_University_of_Munich" title="Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich">University of Munich</a> offered him a professorship, as a successor to Romano Guardini, but he declined.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> He remained without a ministerial role in the church until, in 1956, he was <a href="/wiki/Incardinated" class="mw-redirect" title="Incardinated">incardinated</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Chur" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Chur">Diocese of Chur</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Secular_clergy" title="Secular clergy">diocesan priest</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lectures,_writing,_and_publishing_(1950–1967)">Lectures, writing, and publishing (1950–1967)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Lectures, writing, and publishing (1950–1967)">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Glory_of_the_Lord_vol_1_English.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Glory_of_the_Lord_vol_1_English.jpg/175px-Glory_of_the_Lord_vol_1_English.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Glory_of_the_Lord_vol_1_English.jpg/263px-Glory_of_the_Lord_vol_1_English.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Glory_of_the_Lord_vol_1_English.jpg/350px-Glory_of_the_Lord_vol_1_English.jpg 2x" data-file-width="852" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>The Glory of the Lord, vol. 1 (2nd English ed., Ignatius Press, 2009)</figcaption></figure> Balthasar's exit from the Jesuits left him "literally on the street", as biographer Peter Henrici notes, and he took up lecture tours across Germany, which helped him provide for himself and fund the Johannes Verlag publishing house.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> He also continued giving retreats to young people. Between 1950 and 1956, he authored a number of books and articles, including Therese von Lisieux (Thérèse of Lisieux) (1950), Schleifung der Bastionen (Razing the Bastions) (1952), Das betrachtende Gebet (Prayer) (1955), and Die Gottesfrage des heutigen Menschen (The God Question and Modern Man) (1956), as well as monograph studies of Georges Bernanos, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barth" title="Karl Barth">Karl Barth</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Reinhold_Schneider" title="Reinhold Schneider">Reinhold Schneider</a>. Much of his work during this period—written after the release of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII" title="Pope Pius XII">Pope Pius XII</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_constitution" title="Apostolic constitution">apostolic constitution</a> <a href="/wiki/Provida_Mater_Ecclesia" title="Provida Mater Ecclesia">Provida Mater Ecclesia</a>, which gave an ecclesiastical blessing to <a href="/wiki/Secular_institute" title="Secular institute">secular institutes</a>—confronts the question of how Christian discipleship might be lived from within the world.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> After he was welcomed into the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Chur" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Chur">Diocese of Chur</a>, he settled in the city of <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>, hosted by his married friends <a href="/wiki/Werner_Kaegi" title="Werner Kaegi">Werner Kaegi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adrienne_von_Speyr" title="Adrienne von Speyr">Adrienne von Speyr</a>, in whose home he remained until 1967. During this period—although he was diagnosed with leukemia in 1958—Balthasar wrote prolifically,<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> most notably the seven-volume work Herrlichkeit (The Glory of the Lord) (1961–1967), which was to serve as the first part of a theological trilogy on the three classical <a href="/wiki/Transcendentals" title="Transcendentals">transcendentals</a> of beauty, goodness, and truth. He also translated and edited for Johannes Verlag, with an emphasis on the writing of his collaborator Speyr. Balthasar was not invited to take part in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a>, which took place during this time, but after the release of Herrlichkeit, his theological reputation would grow significantly. <a href="/wiki/Adrienne_von_Speyr" title="Adrienne von Speyr">Adrienne von Speyr</a>, who had been seriously ill since the mid-1950s, died on September 17, 1967, and Balthasar assumed responsibility for the Community of Saint John. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_years:_Communio_and_ecclesiastical_honors">Later years: Communio and ecclesiastical honors</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Later years: Communio and ecclesiastical honors">edit</a>]</div> Moving to another house in Basel, Balthasar continued to write, edit, and translate extensively.<a href="#cite_note-:3-50">[50]</a> In 1969, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a> appointed him to the <a href="/wiki/International_Theological_Commission" title="International Theological Commission">International Theological Commission</a>. He worked as a theological secretary at the <a href="/wiki/Second_Ordinary_General_Assembly_of_the_Synod_of_Bishops" title="Second Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops">Second Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops</a> in 1971, penning the synod document on priestly spirituality, and he also received the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Romano_Guardini_Prize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romano Guardini Prize (page does not exist)">Romano Guardini Prize</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romano-Guardini-Preis" class="extiw" title="de:Romano-Guardini-Preis">de</a>] from the Catholic Academy of Bavaria.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> With <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Joseph Ratzinger</a> and Henri de Lubac, he founded the international theological journal <a href="/wiki/Communio" title="Communio">Communio</a> in 1971, with collaboration from members of the Italian <a href="/wiki/Communion_and_Liberation" title="Communion and Liberation">Communion and Liberation</a> movement, including <a href="/wiki/Angelo_Scola" title="Angelo Scola">Angelo Scola</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> The journal was conceived as a more traditionally minded alternative to the progressive <a href="/wiki/Concilium_(journal)" title="Concilium (journal)">Concilium</a>, and Balthasar described its mission in terms of courage: "[T]his truth we believe in strips us bare. Like lambs among wolves. It is not a matter of bravado, but of Christian courage, to expose oneself to risk."<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Karol Wojtyła became the editor of the Polish edition of the review. Later in the 1970s, he was given fellowships at the <a href="/wiki/British_Academy" title="British Academy">British Academy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_des_Sciences_Morales_et_Politiques" title="Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques">Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques</a>, in addition to prizes for translation. In 1984 John Paul II awarded him the first <a href="/wiki/Paul_VI_Prize" title="Paul VI Prize">Paul VI International Prize</a> for his contributions to theology.<a href="#cite_note-Britannica-54">[54]</a> The following year saw an official Vatican symposium on the life and work of Adrienne von Speyr, which closed with a laudatory closing address by the pope. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Death">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomba_200dpi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Tomba_200dpi.jpg/175px-Tomba_200dpi.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Tomba_200dpi.jpg/263px-Tomba_200dpi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Tomba_200dpi.jpg/350px-Tomba_200dpi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="796" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption>Tomb of von Balthasar, Church of St. Leodegar im Hof, Lucerne</figcaption></figure> From the low point of being banned from teaching as a result of his leaving the Society of Jesus,<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Balthasar's reputation had risen to the extent that John Paul II announced plans to make him a <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal (Catholicism)">cardinal</a> on 29 May 1988. He died, however, in his home in Basel on 26 June 1988, two days before the ceremony which would have granted him that rank.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> He is buried in the cemetery of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._Leodegar_(Lucerne)" title="Church of St. Leodegar (Lucerne)">Church of St. Leodegar im Hof</a> (Hofkirche) in Lucerne.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theology">Theology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Theology">edit</a>]</div> Along with <a href="/wiki/Karl_Rahner" title="Karl Rahner">Karl Rahner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lonergan" title="Bernard Lonergan">Bernard Lonergan</a>, Balthasar sought to offer a response to <a href="/wiki/Modernity#Culturally_and_philosophically" title="Modernity">Western modernity</a>, which posed a challenge to traditional Catholic thought.<a href="#cite_note-oakes-13">[13]</a>: 262  While Rahner offered a progressive, accommodating position on modernity and Lonergan worked out a philosophy of history that sought to critically appropriate modernity, Balthasar resisted the reductionism and human focus of modernity, wanting Christianity to be more challenging toward modern sensibilities.;<a href="#cite_note-oakes-13">[13]</a>: 262  <a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Balthasar is eclectic in his approach, sources, and interests and remains difficult to categorize.<a href="#cite_note-oakes-13">[13]</a>: 2  An example of his eclecticism was his long study and conversation with the influential Reformed Swiss theologian Karl Barth, on whose work he wrote the first Catholic analysis and response. Although Balthasar's major points of analysis on Barth's work have been disputed, his book The Theology of Karl Barth: Exposition and Interpretation (1951) remains a classic work for its sensitivity and insight; Barth himself agreed with its analysis of his own theological enterprise, calling it the best book on his own theology.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> A distinctive thought in Balthasar's work is that our first experience after birth is the face of love of our mothers, where the "I" encounters for the first time the "Thou", and the "Thou" smiles in a relationship of love and sustenance.<a href="#cite_note-oakes-13">[13]</a>: 236  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writings_and_thought">Writings and thought</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Writings and thought">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trilogy">Trilogy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Trilogy">edit</a>]</div> Balthasar was better known for his sixteen-volume systematic theological "trilogy", published between 1961 and 1987, with a concluding "epilog" ("epilogue"). It is called a trilogy because it is divided into <a href="/wiki/Trichotomy_(philosophy)" title="Trichotomy (philosophy)">three parts</a>: Herrlichkeit (The Glory of the Lord), Theodramatik (Theo-Drama), and Theologik (Theo-Logic). They follow the threefold self-description of Jesus in the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+14:6&version=nkjv">14:6</a> ("I am the way, the truth, and the life") and therefore the <a href="/wiki/Transcendentals" title="Transcendentals">transcendentals</a> bonum, verum, and pulchrum (the good, the true, and the beautiful),<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> although the trilogy begins with Herrlichkeit, a study of the pulchrum, the beautiful. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Herrlichkeit_(The_Glory_of_the_Lord)">Herrlichkeit (The Glory of the Lord)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Herrlichkeit (The Glory of the Lord)">edit</a>]</div> Herrlichkeit is a seven-volume work on <a href="/wiki/Theological_aesthetics" title="Theological aesthetics">theological aesthetics</a>. One of the most often quoted passages from the trilogy comes from the first volume, Schau der Gestalt (Seeing the Form): "Before the beautiful—no, not really before but within the beautiful—the whole person quivers. He not only 'finds' the beautiful moving; rather, he experiences himself as being moved and possessed by it."<a href="#cite_note-oakes-13">[13]</a>: 270  <ol><li>Schau der Gestalt (Seeing the Form) (1961)</li> <li>Fächer der Stile: Klerikale Stile (Studies in Theological Style: Clerical Styles) (1962)</li> <li>Fächer der Stile: Laikale Stile (Studies in Theological Style: Lay Styles) (1962)</li> <li>Im Raum der Metaphysik: Altertum (The Realm of Metaphysics in Antiquity) (1965)</li> <li>Im Raum der Metaphysik: Neuzeit (The Realm of Metaphysics in the Modern Age) (1965)</li> <li>Theologie: Alter Bund (Theology: The Old Covenant) (1967)</li> <li>Theologie: Neuer Bund (Theology: The New Covenant) (1967)</li></ol> According to Cyril O'Regan of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame" title="University of Notre Dame">University of Notre Dame</a>, "Aquinas is hardly absent from the three thousand pages of Glory of God" and "nowhere throughout the trilogy do we find a trace of Thomistic triumphalism in which Aquinas is considered to be the philosopher and theologian of the Catholic church."<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Theodramatik_(Theo-Drama)">Theodramatik (Theo-Drama)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Theodramatik (Theo-Drama)">edit</a>]</div> Theodramatik is a five-volume work of "theological dramatic theory", examining the <a href="/wiki/Ethics" title="Ethics">ethics</a> and goodness in the action of God and in man's response, especially in the events of <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holy_Saturday" title="Holy Saturday">Holy Saturday</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Easter_Sunday" class="mw-redirect" title="Easter Sunday">Easter Sunday</a>. Balthasar's <a href="/wiki/Soteriology" title="Soteriology">soteriology</a>, christology, and eschatology are here developed. <ol><li>Prolegomena (Prolegomena) (1973)</li> <li>Die Personen des Spiels: Der Mensch in Gott (Dramatis Personae: Man in God) (1976)</li> <li>Die Personen des Spiels: Die Personen in Christus (Dramatis Personae: Persons in Christ) (1978)</li> <li>Die Handlung (The Action) (1981)</li> <li>Das Endspiel (The Last Act) (1983)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Theologik_(Theo-Logic)">Theologik (Theo-Logic)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Theologik (Theo-Logic)">edit</a>]</div> Theologik is a three-volume work on "theological logical theory" describing the <a href="/wiki/Truth" title="Truth">truth</a> about the relation of the nature of Jesus Christ (christology) to reality itself (<a href="/wiki/Ontology" title="Ontology">ontology</a>, or the study of being). Volume 1, Wahrheit der Welt (Truth of the World), originally appeared as a standalone book in 1947, but was released with some revision in 1985 as the first part of Theologik. <ol><li>Wahrheit der Welt (Truth of the World) (1985)</li> <li>Wahrheit Gottes (Truth of God) (1985)</li> <li>Der Geist der Wahrheit (The Spirit of Truth) (1987)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apokalypse_der_deutschen_Seele">Apokalypse der deutschen Seele</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Apokalypse der deutschen Seele">edit</a>]</div> Balthasar's first major work, the three-volume Apokalypse der deutschen Seele (Apocalypse of the German Soul), written from 1937 to 1939, was an expansion of his doctoral dissertation and a study in German literature, theology, and philosophy. Published in Germany and Austria during the <a href="/wiki/Third_Reich" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Reich">Third Reich</a>, one scholar has argued that the work contains <a href="/wiki/Anti-Semitism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Semitism">anti-Semitism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Balthasar later remarked on the Apokalypse, "The work was of insufficient maturity—most of the chapters ought to be rewritten—and yet some of it may still be valid."<a href="#cite_note-:1-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_works">Other works</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Other works">edit</a>]</div> Balthasar also wrote of the lives of saints and <a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a>. Saints appear as an example of the lived Christian life throughout his writings. Instead of merely systematic analysis of theology, Balthasar described his theology as a "kneeling theology" deeply connected to contemplative prayer and as a "sitting theology" intensely connected to faith seeking understanding guided by the heart and mind of the Catholic Church.<a href="#cite_note-oakes-13">[13]</a>: 265  Balthasar was very concerned that his writings address spiritual and practical issues. He insisted that his theology never be divorced from the mystical experiences of his long-time friend and convert, the physician Adrienne von Speyr.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Balthasar published varied works spanning many decades, fields of study (e.g., literature and literary analysis, lives of the saints, and the Church Fathers), and languages. Balthasar used the expression Casta Meretrix to argue that the term <a href="/wiki/Whore_of_Babylon" title="Whore of Babylon">Whore of Babylon</a> was acceptable in a certain tradition of the Church, in the writings of <a href="/wiki/Rabanus_Maurus" title="Rabanus Maurus">Rabanus Maurus</a> for instance.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> At Balthasar's funeral, Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, later to become <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a>, said, speaking of Balthasar's work in general: "What the pope intended to express by this mark of distinction [i.e., elevation to the <a href="/wiki/Cardinalate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinalate">cardinalate</a>], and of honor, remains valid; no longer only private individuals but the Church itself, in its official responsibility, tells us that he is right in what he teaches of the faith."<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Debate_on_Hell,_hope,_and_salvation">Debate on Hell, hope, and salvation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Debate on Hell, hope, and salvation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edith_Stein_(ca._1938-1939).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Edith_Stein_%28ca._1938-1939%29.jpg/220px-Edith_Stein_%28ca._1938-1939%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Edith_Stein_%28ca._1938-1939%29.jpg/330px-Edith_Stein_%28ca._1938-1939%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Edith_Stein_%28ca._1938-1939%29.jpg/440px-Edith_Stein_%28ca._1938-1939%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1408" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Saint Teresia Benedicta of the Cross (<a href="/wiki/Edith_Stein" title="Edith Stein">Edith Stein</a>)</figcaption></figure> In light of the 1987 book Was dürfen wir hoffen? [English title: Dare We Hope "That All Men Be Saved"?], a number of critics have accused Balthasar of implicitly advocating <a href="/wiki/Christian_universalism" title="Christian universalism">universalism</a> or <a href="/wiki/Apocatastasis" class="mw-redirect" title="Apocatastasis">apocatastasis</a>, the teaching that all people will inherit eternal life, often associated with <a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Pitstick-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-Oakes_2004_p._261-77">[77]</a> Many, however, reject this criticism as a misreading of the theologian's work.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Balthasar himself denounces the doctrine of definite universal salvation and affirms the concrete possibility of being damned,<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> while insisting on the Christian duty to <a href="/wiki/Hope_(virtue)" title="Hope (virtue)">hope</a> charitably that each person will be saved: "Thomas Aquinas taught that 'one can hope for eternal life for the other as long as one is united with him through love,' and from which of our brothers would it be permissible to withhold this love?"<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_C._Martin" title="Ralph C. Martin">Ralph Martin</a> and James O'Connor<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> hold that Balthasar's denial of universalism is incomplete, given his prominent use of a quote by <a href="/wiki/Discalced_Carmelite" class="mw-redirect" title="Discalced Carmelite">Discalced Carmelite</a> saint <a href="/wiki/Edith_Stein" title="Edith Stein">Edith Stein</a> in his book-length essay Kleiner Diskurs über die Hölle (A Short Discourse on Hell, included in the English translation of Dare We Hope), which references an "infinitely improbable" resistance to grace. Stein writes:<blockquote>All-merciful love can thus descend to everyone. We believe that it does so. And now, can we assume that there are souls that remain perpetually closed to such love? As a possibility in principle, this cannot be rejected. In reality, it can become infinitely improbable—precisely through what preparatory grace is capable of effecting in the soul. It can do no more than knock at the door, and there are souls that already open themselves to it upon hearing this unobtrusive call. Others allow it to go unheeded. Then it can steal its way into souls and begin to spread itself out there more and more... If all the impulses opposed to the spirit have been expelled from the soul, then any free decision against this has become infinitely improbable.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a></blockquote> After witnessing the horrors of Nazism, Teresa Benedicta of the Cross later appeared to have come around to this more pessimistic view, saying that "The possibility of some final loss appears more real and pressing than one which would seem infinitely improbable."<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> Defending Balthasar, Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Avery_Dulles" title="Avery Dulles">Avery Dulles</a> interprets this passage as an "orthodox" expression of "hope" rather than a systematic <a href="/wiki/Soteriology" title="Soteriology">soteriological</a> doctrine.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> Other scholars have similarly recognized this distinction in the theologian's work more generally.<a href="#cite_note-Nyssa'_p._5-91">[91]</a> Balthasar responded to allegations of heresy after the publication of Was dürfen wir hoffen? by asking, "How can anyone equate hoping with knowing? I hope that my friend will recover from his serious illness—do I therefore know this?"<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> The position has been described as the result of a sort of conflict among the <a href="/wiki/Theological_virtues" title="Theological virtues">theological virtues</a>: since "Love believes all things, [but also] hopes all things" (<a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="First Epistle to the Corinthians">1 Corinthians</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esv.org/1+Corinthians+13:7">13:7</a>), what for <a href="/wiki/Faith_in_Christianity" title="Faith in Christianity">fides</a> must be rejected, for <a href="/wiki/Hope_(virtue)" title="Hope (virtue)">spes</a> must be accepted, in order to recover with the theology of hope what in 553 the <a href="/wiki/Dogmatic_theology" title="Dogmatic theology">dogmatic theology</a> had condemned with the <a href="/wiki/Anathema" title="Anathema">anathema</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Second Council of Constantinople">fifth Ecumenical Council of Constantinople</a> against the possibility of apocatastasis or universal salvation.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-Oakes_2004_p._261-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nyssa'_p._5-91">[91]</a> As Alyssa Pitstick phrases it, universal salvation, if it happens, would be the result of the "utter abandonment the Son undergoes".<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> In A Short Discourse on Hell, Balthasar lists Erich Przywara, Henri de Lubac, Gaston Fessard, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Blondel" title="Maurice Blondel">Maurice Blondel</a>, Charles Péguy, Paul Claudel, <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Marcel" title="Gabriel Marcel">Gabriel Marcel</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bloy" title="Léon Bloy">Léon Bloy</a>, Joseph Ratzinger, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kasper" title="Walter Kasper">Walter Kasper</a>, Romano Guardini, and Karl Rahner as Catholic thinkers who share his perspective on hope—"In summa: a company in which one can feel quite comfortable."<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Theology_of_Holy_Saturday"_and_"eternal_super-kenosis"">"Theology of Holy Saturday" and "eternal super-kenosis"</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: "Theology of Holy Saturday" and "eternal super-kenosis"">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mysterium_Paschale#Content" title="Mysterium Paschale">Mysterium Paschale</a></div> The debate on Balthasar's "Theology of <a href="/wiki/Holy_Saturday" title="Holy Saturday">Holy Saturday</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Harrowing_of_Hell" title="Harrowing of Hell">Christ's descent into Hell</a>", particularly as outlined in the last volume of the book Theo-Drama,<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> is still very heated. Following the magisterial principle expressed by the Fathers of the Church according to which "that what has not been taken up by Christ is not made whole"<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a> in Epistle 101: "For that which He has not assumed He has not healed",<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> Latin: quod non est assumptum non est sanatum<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> or quod non assumpsit, non redemit<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a>), then the redemption would be complete not with his death on the cross but only with the <a href="/wiki/Katabasis" title="Katabasis">katabasis</a> of his descensio ad inferos.<a href="#cite_note-Pitstick-74">[74]</a> Joseph Ratzinger called Theo-Drama a "profound analysis of the essence of Christian hope" and a "foundational contribution" to the theological field of <a href="/wiki/Eschatology" title="Eschatology">eschatology</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> However, while writing the trilogy, Balthasar belatedly realized that his soteriological argument arises not from the Christological kenosis or kenotic Christology, but from a <a href="/wiki/Theology_of_the_Cross" title="Theology of the Cross">theology of the Cross</a> shifted from the <a href="/wiki/Trinity#Economic_and_immanent_Trinity" title="Trinity">economic to the immanent Trinity</a>, constituting an essential characteristic of it: the <a href="/wiki/Oblation" title="Oblation">oblativity</a> of <a href="/wiki/Trinity#Trinity_and_love" title="Trinity">Christian divine love</a> would be an "<a href="/wiki/Eternal_super-kenosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Eternal super-kenosis">eternal super-kenosis</a>".<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> Since the transcendentals are "properties of <a href="/wiki/Existence" title="Existence">being</a>", pulchrum, bonum et verum derive from the Ens, just as in the aforementioned Gospel self-definition of Jesus "the way, the truth and the life" are consequential aspects of "I am." In <a href="/wiki/Christian_Wolff_(philosopher)" title="Christian Wolff (philosopher)">Christian Wolff</a>'s terms, <a href="/wiki/General_metaphysics" class="mw-redirect" title="General metaphysics">general metaphysics</a> must be posited as a prerequisite for the distinction between the three <a href="/wiki/Special_metaphysics" class="mw-redirect" title="Special metaphysics">special metaphysics</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Reception">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a> described Balthasar and Henri de Lubac as the two theologians he appreciated the most. In a 2016 interview, he claimed he shared an "inward intention" and "vision" with Balthasar, remarking positively, "It is unbelievable what this person has written and done."<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> Balthasar's dramatic theory in Theo-Drama influenced the work of <a href="/wiki/Raymund_Schwager" title="Raymund Schwager">Raymund Schwager</a>.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Balthasar's major writings have been translated into English, and the journal he co-founded with Henri de Lubac, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Lehmann" title="Karl Lehmann">Karl Lehmann</a>, and Joseph Ratzinger, <a href="/wiki/Communio" title="Communio">Communio</a>, currently appears in 12 languages. In delivering his eulogy, Ratzinger, quoting de Lubac, called Balthasar "perhaps the most cultured man of our time".<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> Balthasar has also been highly influential in the work of Bishop <a href="/wiki/Robert_Barron" title="Robert Barron">Robert Barron</a>, who has been an ardent advocate of Balthasar's soteriology.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Works">edit</a>]</div> The most comprehensive printed bibliography (223 pages, including translations up to 2005) now available of all of Balthasar's writings is <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCapolMüller2005" class="citation book cs1">Capol, Cornelia; Müller, Claudia, eds. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d8nyswEACAAJ">Hans Urs von Balthasar: Bibliographie 1925-2005</a>. <a href="/wiki/Einsiedeln" title="Einsiedeln">Einsiedeln</a>: Johannes Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3894110291" title="Special:BookSources/978-3894110291"><bdi>978-3894110291</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hans+Urs+von+Balthasar%3A+Bibliographie+1925-2005&rft.place=Einsiedeln&rft.pub=Johannes+Verlag&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-3894110291&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dd8nyswEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> <ul><li>The Christian and Anxiety (1951)</li> <li>Christian Meditation (1984)</li> <li>The Christian State of Life (1977)</li> <li>Convergences (1969)</li> <li>Cosmic Liturgy: The Universe According to Maximus the Confessor (1941)</li> <li>Credo (1988)</li> <li>Dare We Hope "That All Men Be Saved"? with a Short Discourse on Hell (1986/1987)</li> <li>Does Jesus Know Us? Do We Know Him? (1980)</li> <li>Elucidations (1971)</li> <li>Engagement with God (1971)</li> <li>Epilogue (1987)</li> <li>Explorations in Theology, Vol. 1: The Word Made Flesh (1960)</li> <li>Explorations in Theology, Vol. 2: Spouse of the Word (1961)</li> <li>Explorations in Theology, Vol. 3: Creator Spirit (1967)</li> <li>Explorations in Theology, Vol. 4: Spirit and Institution (1974)</li> <li>Explorations in Theology, Vol. 5: Man Is Created (1986)</li> <li>A First Glance at Adrienne von Speyr (1968)</li> <li>The Glory of the Lord: A Theological Aesthetics, Vol. 1: Seeing the Form (1961)</li> <li>The Glory of the Lord: A Theological Aesthetics, Vol. 2: Studies in Theological Style: Clerical Styles (1962)</li> <li>The Glory of the Lord: A Theological Aesthetics, Vol. 3: Studies in Theological Style: Lay Styles (1962)</li> <li>The Glory of the Lord: A Theological Aesthetics, Vol. 4: The Realm of Metaphysics in Antiquity (1965)</li> <li>The Glory of the Lord: A Theological Aesthetics, Vol. 5: The Realm of Metaphysics in the Modern Age (1965)</li> <li>The Glory of the Lord: A Theological Aesthetics, Vol. 6: The Old Covenant (1967)</li> <li>The Glory of the Lord: A Theological Aesthetics, Vol. 7: The New Covenant (1969)</li> <li>The Grain of Wheat: Aphorisms (1944)</li> <li>Heart of the World (1944)</li> <li>In the Fullness of the Faith: On the Distinctively Catholic (1975)</li> <li>The Laity in the Life of the Counsels (1993)</li> <li>Life Out of Death: Meditations on the Paschal Mystery (1984)</li> <li>Light of the Word (1987)</li> <li>Love Alone is Credible (1963)</li> <li>Mary for Today (1987)</li> <li>The Moment of Christian Witness (1966)</li> <li>My Work in Retrospect (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysterium_Paschale" title="Mysterium Paschale">Mysterium Paschale: The Mystery of Easter</a> (1969, second edition in 1983)</li> <li>The Office of Peter and the Structure of the Church (1974)</li> <li>Our Task (1984)</li> <li>Paul Struggles with His Congregation (1988)</li> <li>Prayer (1955) (German title: Das Betrachtende Gebet "Contemplative Prayer")</li> <li>Priestly Spirituality (2007)</li> <li>Razing the Bastions (1952)</li> <li>Romano Guardini: Reform from the Source (1970)</li> <li>A Short Primer for the Unsettled Layman (1980)</li> <li>Theo-Drama-Theological Dramatic Theory, Vol. 1; Prologomena (1973)</li> <li>Theo-Drama-Theological Dramatic Theory, Vol. 2: Dramatis Personae: Man in God (1976)</li> <li>Theo-Drama-Theological Dramatic Theory, Vol. 3: Dramatis Personae: Persons in Christ (1978)</li> <li>Theo-Drama-Theological Dramatic Theory, Vol. 4: The Performance (1980)</li> <li>Theo-Drama-Theological Dramatic Theory, Vol. 5: The Last Act (1983)</li> <li>The Theology of Henri de Lubac: An Overview (1976)</li> <li>A Theology of History (1959)</li> <li>The Theology of Karl Barth (1951)</li> <li>Theo-Logic, Vol. 1: Truth of the World (1985)</li> <li>Theo-Logic, Vol. 2: Truth of God (1986)</li> <li>Theo-Logic, Vol. 3: The Spirit of Truth (1987)</li> <li>The Threefold Garland (1977)</li> <li>To the Heart of the Mystery of Redemption (1980)</li> <li>Truth is Symphonic: Aspects of Christian Pluralism (1972)</li> <li>Two Sisters in the Spirit (1970)</li> <li>Unless You Become Like This Child (1988)</li> <li>Who is a Christian? (1965)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Evdokimov" title="Paul Evdokimov">Paul Evdokimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philokalia" title="Philokalia">Philokalia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNichols1998" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Aidan_Nichols" title="Aidan Nichols">Nichols, Aidan</a> (1998). "An Introduction to Balthasar". New Blackfriars. 79 (923): 2–10. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1741-2005.1998.tb02800.x">10.1111/j.1741-2005.1998.tb02800.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1741-2005">1741-2005</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43250077">43250077</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Blackfriars&rft.atitle=An+Introduction+to+Balthasar&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=923&rft.pages=2-10&rft.date=1998&rft.issn=1741-2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43250077%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1741-2005.1998.tb02800.x&rft.aulast=Nichols&rft.aufirst=Aidan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wigley-2"><a href="#cite_ref-Wigley_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephen_David_Wigley2006" class="citation thesis cs1">Stephen David Wigley (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/eprint/247">Karl Barth and Hans Urs von Balthasar: A Critical Engagement</a> (PhD thesis). Birmingham: University of Birmingham. p. 230. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Karl+Barth+and+Hans+Urs+von+Balthasar%3A+A+Critical+Engagement&rft.degree=PhD&rft.inst=University+of+Birmingham&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Stephen+David+Wigley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fetheses.bham.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F247&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> Stephen David Wigley (2006), p. 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Stephen David Wigley (2006), p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-Polanco_2017,_p._413-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Polanco_2017,_p._413_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Polanco_2017,_p._413_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Polanco_2017,_p._413_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Polanco_2017,_p._413_5-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Polanco_2017,_p._413_5-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolanco2017" class="citation journal cs1">Polanco, Rodrigo (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11144%2Fjaveriana.tx67-184.uvbt">"Understanding Von Balthasar's Trilogy"</a>. Theologica Xaveriana. 67 (184): 413. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11144%2Fjaveriana.tx67-184.uvbt">10.11144/javeriana.tx67-184.uvbt</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0120-3649">0120-3649</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theologica+Xaveriana&rft.atitle=Understanding+Von+Balthasar%27s+Trilogy&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=184&rft.pages=413&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.11144%2Fjaveriana.tx67-184.uvbt&rft.issn=0120-3649&rft.aulast=Polanco&rft.aufirst=Rodrigo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.11144%252Fjaveriana.tx67-184.uvbt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalatka2017" class="citation book cs1">Walatka, Todd (2017). Von Balthasar and the Option for the Poor: Theodramatics in the Light of Liberation Theology. Washington: Catholic University of America Press. p. 105. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8132-2948-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8132-2948-5"><bdi>978-0-8132-2948-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Von+Balthasar+and+the+Option+for+the+Poor%3A+Theodramatics+in+the+Light+of+Liberation+Theology&rft.place=Washington&rft.pages=105&rft.pub=Catholic+University+of+America+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-8132-2948-5&rft.aulast=Walatka&rft.aufirst=Todd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> Stephen David Wigley (2006), p. 144. </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> Stephen David Wigley (2006), p. 104. </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> Stephen David Wigley (2006), pp. 14–15. </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> Stephen David Wigley (2006), p. 145. </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlacher2004" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Placher" title="William Placher">Placher, William C.</a> (September 7, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christiancentury.org/reviews/2004-09/gods-beauty">"God's Beauty"</a>. The Christian Century. Vol. 121, no. 18. Chicago. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0009-5281">0009-5281</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190726084459/https://www.christiancentury.org/reviews/2004-09/gods-beauty">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2019. Retrieved 26 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Century&rft.atitle=God%27s+Beauty&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=18&rft.pages=42&rft.date=2004-09-07&rft.issn=0009-5281&rft.aulast=Placher&rft.aufirst=William+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.christiancentury.org%2Freviews%2F2004-09%2Fgods-beauty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLong2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/D._Stephen_Long" title="D. Stephen Long">Long, D. Stephen</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/divineeconomythe00long">Divine Economy: Theology and the Market</a>. Radical Orthodoxy. London: Routledge. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/divineeconomythe00long/page/n263">251</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-58888-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-58888-6"><bdi>978-1-134-58888-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Divine+Economy%3A+Theology+and+the+Market&rft.place=London&rft.series=Radical+Orthodoxy&rft.pages=251&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-134-58888-6&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=D.+Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdivineeconomythe00long&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-oakes-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oakes_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-oakes_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-oakes_13-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-oakes_13-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-oakes_13-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-oakes_13-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-oakes_13-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdward_T._OakesDavid_Moss2004" class="citation book cs1">Edward T. Oakes; David Moss, eds. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TBF6xVdJyQEC">The Cambridge Companion to Hans Urs von Balthasar</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-13982680-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-13982680-8"><bdi>1-13982680-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Hans+Urs+von+Balthasar&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-13982680-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTBF6xVdJyQEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Henrici1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Henrici" title="Peter Henrici">Peter Henrici</a> (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QTK8zhja1v4C&q=%22Hans+Urs+von+Balthasar:+A+Sketch+of+His+Life%22&pg=PT30">"Hans Urs von Balthasar: A Sketch of His Life"</a>. In David L. Schindler (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QTK8zhja1v4C">Hans Urs Von Balthasar. His Life and Work</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ignatius_Press" title="Ignatius Press">Ignatius Press</a>. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89870378-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-89870378-6"><bdi>0-89870378-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hans+Urs+von+Balthasar%3A+A+Sketch+of+His+Life&rft.btitle=Hans+Urs+Von+Balthasar.+His+Life+and+Work&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Ignatius+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-89870378-6&rft.au=Peter+Henrici&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQTK8zhja1v4C%26q%3D%2522Hans%2BUrs%2Bvon%2BBalthasar%3A%2BA%2BSketch%2Bof%2BHis%2BLife%2522%26pg%3DPT30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRatzinger1988" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ratzinger" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Ratzinger">Ratzinger, Joseph Cardinal</a> (Winter 1988). "Homily at the Funeral Liturgy for Hans Urs von Balthasar". <a href="/wiki/Communio" title="Communio">Communio</a>. 15: 512–16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communio&rft.atitle=Homily+at+the+Funeral+Liturgy+for+Hans+Urs+von+Balthasar&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=15&rft.pages=512-16&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Ratzinger&rft.aufirst=Joseph+Cardinal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mindszentyalapitvany.hu/en/canonization/hungarian-blesseds/blessed-vilmos-apor">"Blessed Vilmos Apor"</a>. Mindszenty Alapítvány. Retrieved 2020-10-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mindszenty+Alap%C3%ADtv%C3%A1ny&rft.atitle=Blessed+Vilmos+Apor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mindszentyalapitvany.hu%2Fen%2Fcanonization%2Fhungarian-blesseds%2Fblessed-vilmos-apor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> Peter Henrici (1991), p. 8. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Balthasar1994" class="citation book cs1">von Balthasar, Hans Urs (1994). Our Task. San Francisco: Ignatius Press. p. 35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780898705157" title="Special:BookSources/9780898705157"><bdi>9780898705157</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Our+Task&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=Ignatius+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780898705157&rft.aulast=von+Balthasar&rft.aufirst=Hans+Urs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> Peter Henrici (1991), pp. 8–9. </li> <li id="cite_note-Von_Balthasar_p._36-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Von_Balthasar_p._36_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Von_Balthasar_p._36_20-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Von_Balthasar_p._36_20-2">c</a> Von Balthasar, Our Task, p. 36. </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> Peter Henrici (1991), p. 16. </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives-manuscripts.dartmouth.edu/agents/people/1483">"Doyle, Arthur Conan, Sir, 1859-1930 | Dartmouth Library Archives & Manuscripts"</a>. archives-manuscripts.dartmouth.edu. Retrieved 2020-10-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archives-manuscripts.dartmouth.edu&rft.atitle=Doyle%2C+Arthur+Conan%2C+Sir%2C+1859-1930+%7C+Dartmouth+Library+Archives+%26+Manuscripts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchives-manuscripts.dartmouth.edu%2Fagents%2Fpeople%2F1483&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKent1985" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Kent, Allen, ed. (1985). Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science. Vol. 38, Supp. 3. New York: Marcel Dekker. p. 145. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0824720377" title="Special:BookSources/0824720377"><bdi>0824720377</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Library+and+Information+Science&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=145&rft.pub=Marcel+Dekker&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0824720377&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> Peter Henrici (1991), p. 9. </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> The doctorate was entitled "History of the Eschatological Problem in German Literature". It appeared, considerably rewritten, as Apokalypse der deutschen Seele, 3 vols, (Salzburg, 1937-9) </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_26-1">b</a> Von Balthasar, Our Task, p. 37. </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> Peter Henrici (1991), pp. 10–11. </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCirelli2011" class="citation journal cs1">Cirelli, Anthony (14 April 2011). "Facing the Abyss: Hans Urs von Balthasar's Reading of Anxiety". New Blackfriars. 92 (1042): 706. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1741-2005.2010.01388.x">10.1111/j.1741-2005.2010.01388.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Blackfriars&rft.atitle=Facing+the+Abyss%3A+Hans+Urs+von+Balthasar%27s+Reading+of+Anxiety&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=1042&rft.pages=706&rft.date=2011-04-14&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1741-2005.2010.01388.x&rft.aulast=Cirelli&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> Peter Henrici (1991), p. 10. </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> von Balthasar, Hans Urs. "Perché mi sono fatto sacerdote." In Hans Urs von Balthasar. Edited by Elio Guerriero. Milan: Edizioni Paoline, 1991. </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> von Balthasar, Hans Urs (1988). "Le sorgenti della vita." In La realtà e la gloria: Articoli e interviste 1978–1988. Milan: EDIT. </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> Peter Henrici (1991), p. 12. </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> Peter Henrici (1991), pp. 14–15. </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Balthasar1989" class="citation book cs1">von Balthasar, Hans Urs (1989). Test Everything—Hold Fast to What Is Good. San Francisco: Ignatius Press. pp. 11–12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780898701968" title="Special:BookSources/9780898701968"><bdi>9780898701968</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Test+Everything%E2%80%94Hold+Fast+to+What+Is+Good&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pages=11-12&rft.pub=Ignatius+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=9780898701968&rft.aulast=von+Balthasar&rft.aufirst=Hans+Urs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> Henrici, "A Sketch", p. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> Peter Henrici (1991), pp. 15–16. </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFServais2019" class="citation book cs1">Servais, Jacques, ed. (2019). Hans Urs von Balthasar on the Ignatian Spiritual Exercises: An Anthology. San Francisco: Ignatius Press. pp. xvi–xvii.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hans+Urs+von+Balthasar+on+the+Ignatian+Spiritual+Exercises%3A+An+Anthology&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pages=xvi-xvii&rft.pub=Ignatius+Press&rft.date=2019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-38"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_38-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVon_Balthasar2017" class="citation book cs1">Von Balthasar, Hans Urs (2017). First Glance at Adrienne von Speyr. San Francisco: Ignatius Press. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62164-180-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62164-180-3"><bdi>978-1-62164-180-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=First+Glance+at+Adrienne+von+Speyr&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Ignatius+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-62164-180-3&rft.aulast=Von+Balthasar&rft.aufirst=Hans+Urs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> Von Balthasar, First Glance, p. 33. </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> Von Balthasar, Our Task, p. 13–20. </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> Peter Henrici (1991), p. 19. </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> Von Balthasar, First Glance, pp. 91–95. </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> Von Balthasar, Our Task, p. 9. </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> Von Balthasar, Test Everything, p. 88. </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> Von Balthasar, Our Task, p. 55. </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> Aidan Nichols, The word has been abroad: a guide through Balthasar's aesthetics, Introduction to Hans Urs von Balthasar 1, (1998), p. xviii. </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFServais2019" class="citation book cs1">Servais, Jacques (2019). Hans Urs von Balthasar on the Spiritual Exercises. San Francisco: Ignatius Press. pp. xx–xxi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781621642794" title="Special:BookSources/9781621642794"><bdi>9781621642794</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hans+Urs+von+Balthasar+on+the+Spiritual+Exercises&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pages=xx-xxi&rft.pub=Ignatius+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781621642794&rft.aulast=Servais&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-48"><a href="#cite_ref-:2_48-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin" class="citation web cs1">Martin, Ralph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn:aaid:scds:US:52efcdaa-cdb5-4f7f-abc1-122cc68e4369">"Balthasar and Speyr: First Steps in a Discernment of Spirits"</a>. Adobe Cloud.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Adobe+Cloud&rft.atitle=Balthasar+and+Speyr%3A+First+Steps+in+a+Discernment+of+Spirits&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocumentcloud.adobe.com%2Flink%2Ftrack%3Furi%3Durn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3A52efcdaa-cdb5-4f7f-abc1-122cc68e4369&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> Miles, Obedience, pp. 11, 50–52. </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_50-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johannes-verlag.de/jh_huvb_bibliographie.pdf">"Bibliographie Hans Urs von Balthasar (1905–1988)"</a> (PDF). Johannes Verlag. 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Johannes+Verlag&rft.atitle=Bibliographie+Hans+Urs+von+Balthasar+%281905%E2%80%931988%29&rft.date=2020&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.johannes-verlag.de%2Fjh_huvb_bibliographie.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> Peter Henrici (1991), pp. 19-20. </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> Peter Henrici (1991), p. 21. </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> Peter Henrici (1991), pp. 20–21. </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_54-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMunro2014" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Munro, André (21 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hans-Urs-von-Balthasar">"Hans Urs von Balthasar"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Retrieved 9 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hans+Urs+von+Balthasar&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2014-01-21&rft.aulast=Munro&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FHans-Urs-von-Balthasar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> Peter Henrici (1991), p. 24. </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> Peter Henrici (1991), pp. 23–24. </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> Peter Henrici (1991), pp. 26–27. </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> Peter Henrici (1991), pp. 26. </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> Peter Henrici (1991), p. 35. </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuerriero2018" class="citation book cs1">Guerriero, Elio (2018). Benedict XVI: His Life and Thought. San Francisco: Ignatius Press. pp. 218–24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781642290493" title="Special:BookSources/9781642290493"><bdi>9781642290493</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Benedict+XVI%3A+His+Life+and+Thought&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pages=218-24&rft.pub=Ignatius+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9781642290493&rft.aulast=Guerriero&rft.aufirst=Elio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Balthasar2006" class="citation journal cs1">von Balthasar, Hans Urs (Spring 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.communio-icr.com/files/balthasar33-1.pdf">"Communio—A Program"</a> (PDF). Communio. 33: 153–69.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communio&rft.atitle=Communio%E2%80%94A+Program&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=33&rft.pages=153-69&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=von+Balthasar&rft.aufirst=Hans+Urs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.communio-icr.com%2Ffiles%2Fbalthasar33-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> Leaving the Society meant that Balthasar was without a position, a pastorate, a place to live, or an income. Because he had left the Jesuit order, the Catholic Congregation for Seminaries and Universities had banned him from teaching. But he eventually found an ecclesiastical home under a sympathetic bishop and was able to live by a grueling schedule of lecture tours. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homepages.which.net/~radical.faith/thought/balthasar.htm">"Hans Urs von Balthasar (1905-1988)" Radical Faith The Society of the Sacred Mission</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070405084550/http://homepages.which.net/~radical.faith/thought/balthasar.htm">Archived</a> 2007-04-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, retrieved 1 February 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> On 29 May 1988 <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> announced his intention to create Balthasar a cardinal at the next consistory, scheduled for 28 June 1988; see Salvador Miranda, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/consistories-xx.htm#6-28-88">Consistories for the creation of Cardinals: 20th Century (1903-2005)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150627065511/http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/consistories-xx.htm#6-28-88">Archived</a> 2015-06-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>," retrieved 9 May 2013. One is not a cardinal until the pope announces the new cardinal in a consistory with the existing members of the College of Cardinals; see <a href="/wiki/Code_of_Canon_Law_(1983)" class="mw-redirect" title="Code of Canon Law (1983)">Code of Canon Law (1983)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/cod-iuris-canonici/eng/documents/cic_lib2-cann330-367_en.html#CHAPTER_III.">canon 351</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Henrici1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Henrici" title="Peter Henrici">Peter Henrici</a> (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QTK8zhja1v4C&q=%22von+Balthasar%22+Hofkirche&pg=PT18">"A Sketch of His Life"</a>. In David L. Schindler (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QTK8zhja1v4C">Hans Urs Von Balthasar. His Life and Work</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ignatius_Press" title="Ignatius Press">Ignatius Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89870378-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-89870378-6"><bdi>0-89870378-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Sketch+of+His+Life&rft.btitle=Hans+Urs+Von+Balthasar.+His+Life+and+Work&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pub=Ignatius+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-89870378-6&rft.au=Peter+Henrici&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQTK8zhja1v4C%26q%3D%2522von%2BBalthasar%2522%2BHofkirche%26pg%3DPT18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Anthony_Berry2012" class="citation journal cs1">John Anthony Berry (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181011214507/https://www.um.edu.mt/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/224735/MT622013145-170JohnAnthonyBerry,HansUrsvonBalthasarontheMomentofChristianWitness.pdf">"Tested in Fire: Hans Urs von Balthasar on the Moment of Christian Witness"</a> (PDF). MELiTA THEoLoGiCA. 62: 145–170. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.um.edu.mt/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/224735/MT622013145-170JohnAnthonyBerry,HansUrsvonBalthasarontheMomentofChristianWitness.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 11 October 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MELiTA+THEoLoGiCA&rft.atitle=Tested+in+Fire%3A+Hans+Urs+von+Balthasar+on+the+Moment+of+Christian+Witness&rft.volume=62&rft.pages=145-170&rft.date=2012&rft.au=John+Anthony+Berry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.um.edu.mt%2F__data%2Fassets%2Fpdf_file%2F0005%2F224735%2FMT622013145-170JohnAnthonyBerry%2CHansUrsvonBalthasarontheMomentofChristianWitness.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColón-Emeric2005" class="citation journal cs1">Colón-Emeric, Edgardo Antonio (31 May 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/magazine/1G1-133108472/symphonic-truth-von-balthasar-and-christian-humanism">"Symphonic Truth: Von Balthasar and Christian Humanism"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Century" title="The Christian Century">The Christian Century</a>. 122 (11): 30–. Retrieved 21 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Century&rft.atitle=Symphonic+Truth%3A+Von+Balthasar+and+Christian+Humanism&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=30-&rft.date=2005-05-31&rft.aulast=Col%C3%B3n-Emeric&rft.aufirst=Edgardo+Antonio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.questia.com%2Fmagazine%2F1G1-133108472%2Fsymphonic-truth-von-balthasar-and-christian-humanism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathijs_LamberigtsLieven_BoeveTerrence_Merrigan2007" class="citation book cs1">Mathijs Lamberigts; <a href="/wiki/Lieven_Boeve" title="Lieven Boeve">Lieven Boeve</a>; Terrence Merrigan, eds. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DaFDKoELWY0C">Theology and the Quest for Truth. Historical- and Systematic-theological Studies</a>. In collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Dirk_Claes" title="Dirk Claes">Dirk Claes</a>. <a href="/wiki/Leuven" title="Leuven">Leuven</a>: <a href="/wiki/Peeters_(publishing_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peeters (publishing company)">Peeters Publishers</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DaFDKoELWY0C&dq=%22Balthasar+published+the+first+book+of+his+impressive+trilogy,+which+he+conceived+according+to+the+three+transcendentalia+'the+Beautiful,+the+Good,+and+the+True'%22%22purposefully+inverting+the+traditional+order+of+the+transcendentals+(verum,+bonum,+pulchrum)%22&pg=PA79">79</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-04291873-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-04291873-3"><bdi>978-9-04291873-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theology+and+the+Quest+for+Truth.+Historical-+and+Systematic-theological+Studies&rft.place=Leuven&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Peeters+Publishers&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-9-04291873-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDaFDKoELWY0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAidan_Nichols2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Aidan_Nichols" title="Aidan Nichols">Aidan Nichols</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PbgjKQEACAAJ">A Key to Balthasar. Hans Urs von Balthasar on Beauty, Goodness, and Truth</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ada_Township,_Michigan" title="Ada Township, Michigan">Ada Township, Michigan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Baker_Publishing_Group" title="Baker Publishing Group">Baker Publishing Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-80103974-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-80103974-4"><bdi>978-0-80103974-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Key+to+Balthasar.+Hans+Urs+von+Balthasar+on+Beauty%2C+Goodness%2C+and+Truth&rft.place=Ada+Township%2C+Michigan&rft.pub=Baker+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-80103974-4&rft.au=Aidan+Nichols&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPbgjKQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stpaulcenter.com/14-nv-18-2-oregan/">"Thomism in Ecstasy: Olivier-Thomas Vernard on the Wording of Theology and the Expropriation of Cultural Discourses"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nova_et_Vetera" title="Nova et Vetera">Nova et Vetera</a>. 18 (2): 700. 2020. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1542-7315">1542-7315</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/8603189023">8603189023</a>. Retrieved April 1, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nova+et+Vetera&rft.atitle=Thomism+in+Ecstasy%3A+Olivier-Thomas+Vernard+on+the+Wording+of+Theology+and+the+Expropriation+of+Cultural+Discourses&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=700&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F8603189023&rft.issn=1542-7315&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstpaulcenter.com%2F14-nv-18-2-oregan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> See "Chapter Seven: The anti-modern anti-Semitic complex" in Paul Silas Peterson, The Early Hans Urs von Balthasar: Historical Contexts and Intellectual Formation (2015). </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHans_Urs_von_Balthasar1993" class="citation book cs1">Hans Urs von Balthasar (1993) [1990]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iYhHDwAAQBAJ">My Work. In Retrospect</a>. San Francisco: Ignatius Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iYhHDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22The+greater+part+of+so+much+of+what+I+have+written+is+a+translation+of+what+is+present+in+more+immediate,+less+technical+fashion+in+the+powerful+work+of+Adrienne+von+Speyr%22&pg=PT51">153</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-68149347-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-68149347-0"><bdi>1-68149347-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+Work.+In+Retrospect&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pages=153&rft.pub=Ignatius+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=1-68149347-0&rft.au=Hans+Urs+von+Balthasar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiYhHDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wquercus.com/faith/casta_meretrix.htm">Casta Meretrix: The Church as Harlot</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100201093241/http://wquercus.com/faith/casta_meretrix.htm">Archived</a> 2010-02-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_L._Allen_Jr.2003" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_L._Allen_Jr." title="John L. Allen Jr.">John L. Allen Jr.</a> (November 28, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalcatholicreporter.org/word/word112803.htm">"The Word From Rome"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Catholic_Reporter" title="National Catholic Reporter">National Catholic Reporter</a>. 3 (15).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Catholic+Reporter&rft.atitle=The+Word+From+Rome&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=15&rft.date=2003-11-28&rft.au=John+L.+Allen+Jr.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalcatholicreporter.org%2Fword%2Fword112803.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pitstick-74">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pitstick_74-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pitstick_74-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlyssa_Lyra_Pitstick2016" class="citation book cs1">Alyssa Lyra Pitstick (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cnHGCwAAQBAJ">Christ's Descent into Hell. John Paul II, Joseph Ratzinger, and Hans Urs von Balthasar on the Theology of Holy Saturday</a>. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cnHGCwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Christ's+Descent,+Not+His+Cross,+Completes+the+Redemption%22&pg=PA1">1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-80286-905-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-80286-905-0"><bdi>978-0-80286-905-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christ%27s+Descent+into+Hell.+John+Paul+II%2C+Joseph+Ratzinger%2C+and+Hans+Urs+von+Balthasar+on+the+Theology+of+Holy+Saturday&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+Michigan&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-80286-905-0&rft.au=Alyssa+Lyra+Pitstick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcnHGCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2020" class="citation book cs1">Martin, Ralph (2020). A Church in Crisis: Pathways Forward. Steubenville, OH: Emmaus Road. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1645850489" title="Special:BookSources/978-1645850489"><bdi>978-1645850489</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Church+in+Crisis%3A+Pathways+Forward&rft.place=Steubenville%2C+OH&rft.pub=Emmaus+Road&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1645850489&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScanlon" class="citation web cs1">Scanlon, Regis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/view.cfm?recnum=3344">"The Inflated Reputation of Hans Urs von Balthasar"</a>. Catholic Culture.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic+Culture&rft.atitle=The+Inflated+Reputation+of+Hans+Urs+von+Balthasar&rft.aulast=Scanlon&rft.aufirst=Regis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicculture.org%2Fculture%2Flibrary%2Fview.cfm%3Frecnum%3D3344&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oakes_2004_p._261-77">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oakes_2004_p._261_77-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oakes_2004_p._261_77-1">b</a> Oakes; Moss, eds. (2004). p. 261. Quotation: "Balthasar does not deny the possibility of salvation outside the boundaries of explicit Christianity - in fact he is probably more emphatic than <a href="/wiki/Karl_Rahner" title="Karl Rahner">Rahner</a> in maintaining the legitimacy of Christian hope for universal salvation." </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHealy,_Jr.2015" class="citation journal cs1">Healy, Jr., Nicholas J. (Spring 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.communio-icr.com/files/healy42-1_rev.pdf">"Vatican II and the Catholicity of Salvation: A Response to Ralph Martin"</a> (PDF). Communio. 42: 36–60.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communio&rft.atitle=Vatican+II+and+the+Catholicity+of+Salvation%3A+A+Response+to+Ralph+Martin&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=42&rft.pages=36-60&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Healy%2C+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Nicholas+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.communio-icr.com%2Ffiles%2Fhealy42-1_rev.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNichols2020" class="citation book cs1">Nichols, Aidan (2020). Balthasar for Thomists. San Francisco: Ignatius Press. pp. 149–150.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Balthasar+for+Thomists&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pages=149-150&rft.pub=Ignatius+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Nichols&rft.aufirst=Aidan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOakes2006" class="citation journal cs1">Oakes, Edward (December 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.firstthings.com/article/2006/12/balthasar-hell-and-heresy-an-exchange">"Balthasar, Hell, and Heresy: An Exchange"</a>. First Things.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=First+Things&rft.atitle=Balthasar%2C+Hell%2C+and+Heresy%3A+An+Exchange&rft.date=2006-12&rft.aulast=Oakes&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstthings.com%2Farticle%2F2006%2F12%2Fbalthasar-hell-and-heresy-an-exchange&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrumley2015" class="citation web cs1">Brumley, Mark (January 19, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicworldreport.com/2015/01/19/should-we-hope-that-all-men-be-saved/">"Should We Hope "That All Men Be Saved"?"</a>. Catholic World Report.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic+World+Report&rft.atitle=Should+We+Hope+%22That+All+Men+Be+Saved%22%3F&rft.date=2015-01-19&rft.aulast=Brumley&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicworldreport.com%2F2015%2F01%2F19%2Fshould-we-hope-that-all-men-be-saved%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> "It is curious indeed that a text so often characterized as advocating an easy 'universalism' in regard to salvation actually commences with a clear statement that all men stand under the divine judgment. Whatever else Hans Urs von Balthasar says in this book, the one thing he is quite clearly not saying is that we have certain knowledge that all people will be saved." Barron, Robert (2014). Foreword to Dare We Hope "That All Men Be Saved"?, San Francisco: Ignatius Press. </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Balthasar1980" class="citation journal cs1">von Balthasar, Hans Urs (1980). "Gericht". Internationale Katholische Zeitschift Communio. 9 (3): 227–35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Internationale+Katholische+Zeitschift+Communio&rft.atitle=Gericht&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=227-35&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=von+Balthasar&rft.aufirst=Hans+Urs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHans_Urs_von_Balthasar1988" class="citation book cs1">Hans Urs von Balthasar (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iqGfwuPIYdwC">Dare We Hope "that All Men be Saved"? With a Short Discourse on Hell</a> ["Was dürfen wir hoffen?" (1986) and "Kleiner Diskurs über die Hölle" (1987)]. Translated by David Kipp and Lothar Krauth. San Francisco: Ignatius Press. pp. 64–65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89870-207-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-89870-207-0"><bdi>0-89870-207-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dare+We+Hope+%22that+All+Men+be+Saved%22%3F+With+a+Short+Discourse+on+Hell&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pages=64-65&rft.pub=Ignatius+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-89870-207-0&rft.au=Hans+Urs+von+Balthasar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiqGfwuPIYdwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> Hans Urs von Balthasar (1988), p. 171. Quoting Summa Theologiae II-II, q. 17, a. 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2012" class="citation book cs1">Martin, Ralph (2012). Will Many Be Saved? What Vatican II Actually Teaches and Its Implications for the New Evangelization. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781467436328" title="Special:BookSources/9781467436328"><bdi>9781467436328</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Will+Many+Be+Saved%3F+What+Vatican+II+Actually+Teaches+and+Its+Implications+for+the+New+Evangelization&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+MI&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781467436328&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Connor1989" class="citation journal cs1">O'Connor, James (July 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/view.cfm?recnum=565">"Von Balthasar and Salvation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Homiletic_and_Pastoral_Review" title="Homiletic and Pastoral Review">Homiletic and Pastoral Review</a>. 98 (20): 10–21 – via catholicculture.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Homiletic+and+Pastoral+Review&rft.atitle=Von+Balthasar+and+Salvation&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=20&rft.pages=10-21&rft.date=1989-07&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicculture.org%2Fculture%2Flibrary%2Fview.cfm%3Frecnum%3D565&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Edith_Stein" title="Edith Stein">Stein, Edith</a> (1962). Welt und Person. Freiburg. Quoted in Hans Urs von Balthasar (1988), pp. 175–76. </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKimel2021" class="citation web cs1">Kimel, Aidan (15 May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://afkimel.wordpress.com/2021/05/15/the-heresy-of-hopeful-universalism-kallistos-ware-hans-urs-von-balthasar-ralph-martin">"The "Heresy" of Hopeful Universalism: Kallistos Ware, Hans Urs von Balthasar, Ralph Martin"</a>. Eclectic Orthodoxy. Retrieved 11 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eclectic+Orthodoxy&rft.atitle=The+%22Heresy%22+of+Hopeful+Universalism%3A+Kallistos+Ware%2C+Hans+Urs+von+Balthasar%2C+Ralph+Martin&rft.date=2021-05-15&rft.aulast=Kimel&rft.aufirst=Aidan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fafkimel.wordpress.com%2F2021%2F05%2F15%2Fthe-heresy-of-hopeful-universalism-kallistos-ware-hans-urs-von-balthasar-ralph-martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDulles2003" class="citation journal cs1">Dulles, Avery Cardinal (May 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.firstthings.com/article/2003/05/the-population-of-hell">"The Population of Hell"</a>. First Things.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=First+Things&rft.atitle=The+Population+of+Hell&rft.date=2003-05&rft.aulast=Dulles&rft.aufirst=Avery+Cardinal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstthings.com%2Farticle%2F2003%2F05%2Fthe-population-of-hell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nyssa'_p._5-91">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nyssa'_p._5_91-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nyssa'_p._5_91-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/Morwenna_Ludlow" title="Morwenna Ludlow">Morwenna Ludlow</a> (2000). Universal Salvation: Eschatology in the Thought of Gregory of Nyssa p. 5. "Von Balthasar hopes for universal salvation and warns against asserting it outright (e.g. Mysterium Paschale, pp. 177–8, 262–6; Dare We Hope, pp. 148–57, 236–54)." </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> Hans Urs von Balthasar (1988), p. 131. </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> Hans Urs von Balthasar (1988) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iqGfwuPIYdwC&dq=%22Epilogue:+Apokatastasis:+Universal+reconciliation%22&pg=PT137">Epilogue. Apokatastasis: Universal Reconciliation (pp. 137ff.)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlyssa_Lyra_Pitstick2007" class="citation book cs1">Alyssa Lyra Pitstick (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4EiMomNgI7sC">Light in Darkness. Hans Urs von Balthasar and the Catholic Doctrine of Christ's Descent Into Hell</a>. <a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan" title="Grand Rapids, Michigan">Grand Rapids, Michigan</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_B._Eerdmans_Publishing_Company" title="William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company">Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4EiMomNgI7sC&dq=%22As+Balthasar+sees+it,+universal+salvation+(if+ac-+tual)+will+be+the+result+of+the+utter+abandonment+the+Son+undergoes%22&pg=PA264">264</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-80284-039-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-80284-039-4"><bdi>978-0-80284-039-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Light+in+Darkness.+Hans+Urs+von+Balthasar+and+the+Catholic+Doctrine+of+Christ%27s+Descent+Into+Hell&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+Michigan&rft.pages=264&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-80284-039-4&rft.au=Alyssa+Lyra+Pitstick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4EiMomNgI7sC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> Balthasar, Dare We Hope, p. 133. </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevering2019" class="citation book cs1">Levering, Matthew (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-xOXDwAAQBAJ">The Achievement of Hans Urs von Balthasar</a>. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/The_Catholic_University_of_America_Press" title="The Catholic University of America Press">Catholic University of America Press</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-xOXDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA213">213</a>–<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-xOXDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA214">14</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-81323-175-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-81323-175-4"><bdi>978-0-81323-175-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Achievement+of+Hans+Urs+von+Balthasar&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=213-14&rft.pub=Catholic+University+of+America+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-81323-175-4&rft.aulast=Levering&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-xOXDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKilby2012" class="citation book cs1">Kilby, Karen (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pW1yCgAAQBAJ">Balthasar: A (Very) Critical Introduction</a>. Grand Rapids, MI: <a href="/wiki/William_B._Eerdmans_Publishing_Company" title="William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company">Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0802827388" title="Special:BookSources/978-0802827388"><bdi>978-0802827388</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Balthasar%3A+A+%28Very%29+Critical+Introduction&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+MI&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0802827388&rft.aulast=Kilby&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpW1yCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPope_Paul_VI1965" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a> (7 December 1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decree_19651207_ad-gentes_en.html">"Ad Gentes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vatican.va" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican.va">vatican.va</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220428075019/https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache%3Ahttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2Fhist_councils%2Fii_vatican_council%2Fdocuments%2Fvat-ii_decree_19651207_ad-gentes_en.html+%22The+Fathers+of+the+Church+proclaim+without+hesitation+that+what+has+not+been+taken+up+by+Christ+is+not+made+whole%22">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2022. Retrieved 28 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vatican.va&rft.atitle=Ad+Gentes&rft.date=1965-12-07&rft.au=Pope+Paul+VI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2Fhist_councils%2Fii_vatican_council%2Fdocuments%2Fvat-ii_decree_19651207_ad-gentes_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /> One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913) [1894]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/3103a.htm+%22For+that+which+He+has+not+assumed+He+has+not+healed%22%22">"Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, Vol. 7. To Cledonius the Priest Against Apollinarius. (Ep. CI.)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a>. Translated by Charles Gordon Browne and James Edward Swallow. Revised and edited for <a href="/wiki/New_Advent" title="New Advent">New Advent</a> by Kevin Knight. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nicene+and+Post-Nicene+Fathers%2C+Second+Series%2C+Vol.+7.+To+Cledonius+the+Priest+Against+Apollinarius.+%28Ep.+CI.%29&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwebcache.googleusercontent.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3Dcache%3Ahttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Ffathers%2F3103a.htm%2B%2522For%2Bthat%2Bwhich%2BHe%2Bhas%2Bnot%2Bassumed%2BHe%2Bhas%2Bnot%2Bhealed%2522%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPope_John_Paul_II1988" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> (9 March 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.totus2us.co.uk/teaching/jpii-catechesis-on-god-the-son-jesus/conciliar-definitions-about-christ/">"Catechesis by Pope John Paul II on Jesus Christ - General Audience, Wednesday 9 March 1988 [English translation]"</a>. totus2us.co.uk. Retrieved 24 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Catechesis+by+Pope+John+Paul+II+on+Jesus+Christ+-+General+Audience%2C+Wednesday+9+March+1988+%5BEnglish+translation%5D&rft.pub=totus2us.co.uk&rft.date=1988-03-09&rft.au=Pope+John+Paul+II&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.totus2us.co.uk%2Fteaching%2Fjpii-catechesis-on-god-the-son-jesus%2Fconciliar-definitions-about-christ%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph_Lupi2001" class="citation web cs1">Joseph Lupi (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/123456789/31787/1/God_and_the_trinity_in_the_fathers%E2%80%93II_2001.pdf">"God and the trinity in the fathers – II"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Malta" title="University of Malta">University of Malta</a>. pp. 84–85. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220428075019/https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache%3Ahttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.um.edu.mt%2Flibrary%2Foar%2Fbitstream%2F123456789%2F31787%2F1%2FGod_and_the_trinity_in_the_fathers%25E2%2580%2593II_2001.pdf+%22Gregory+of+Nazianzus%3A+quod%3A%22%22non+assumpsit%2C+non+redemit%22">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2022. Retrieved 28 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=God+and+the+trinity+in+the+fathers+%E2%80%93+II&rft.pages=84-85&rft.pub=University+of+Malta&rft.date=2001&rft.au=Joseph+Lupi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.um.edu.mt%2Flibrary%2Foar%2Fbitstream%2F123456789%2F31787%2F1%2FGod_and_the_trinity_in_the_fathers%25E2%2580%2593II_2001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRatzinger2007" class="citation book cs1">Ratzinger, Joseph (2007). Eschatology: Death and Eternal Life (2nd ed.). Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press. p. 262. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-81321-516-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-81321-516-7"><bdi>978-0-81321-516-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eschatology%3A+Death+and+Eternal+Life&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=262&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Catholic+University+of+America+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-81321-516-7&rft.aulast=Ratzinger&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalthasar,_Hans_Urs_von1988" class="citation book cs1">Balthasar, Hans Urs von (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e44KAQAAMAAJ">Theo-Drama. Theological Dramatic Theory, Vol. 5: The Last Act</a>. Translated by Graham Harrison from the German Theodramatik. Das Endspiel, 1983. San Francisco: Ignatius Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e44KAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22it+must+be+said+that+this%22%22kenosis+of+obedience%22%22must+be+based+on+the+eternal+kenosis+of+the+Divine+Persons+one+to+another%22&pg=123">123</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89870185-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-89870185-6"><bdi>0-89870185-6</bdi></a>. <q>it must be said that this "kenosis of obedience"...must be based on the eternal kenosis of the Divine Persons one to another.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theo-Drama.+Theological+Dramatic+Theory%2C+Vol.+5%3A+The+Last+Act&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pages=123&rft.pub=Ignatius+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-89870185-6&rft.au=Balthasar%2C+Hans+Urs+von&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3De44KAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenedictSeewald2016" class="citation book cs1">Benedict; Seewald, Peter (2016). Last Testament: In His Own Words. New York: Bloomsbury. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781472944634" title="Special:BookSources/9781472944634"><bdi>9781472944634</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Last+Testament%3A+In+His+Own+Words&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781472944634&rft.au=Benedict&rft.au=Seewald%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> The influence is reflected in some of Schwager's titles, i.e.: Jesus in the Drama of Salvation. Toward a Biblical Doctrine of Redemption (German: Jesus im Heilsdrama. Entwurf einer biblischen Erlösungslehre), New York: Crossroad 1999, and: Banished from Eden: Original Sin and Evolutionary Theory in the Drama of Salvation (Duits: Erbsünde und Heilsdrama: Im Kontext von Evolution, Gentechnik und Apokalyptik), Londen: Gracewing 2006. </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100626032546/http://www.crossroadsinitiative.com/library_article/757/Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar_Eulogy_de_Lubac.html">"Hans Urs von Balthasar Eulogy - Cardinal Henri de Lubac -A Witness of Christ in the Church -Welcome to The Crossroads Initiative"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crossroadsinitiative.com/library_article/757/Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar_Eulogy_de_Lubac.html">the original</a> on 2010-06-26. Retrieved 2009-12-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hans+Urs+von+Balthasar+Eulogy+-+Cardinal+Henri+de+Lubac+-A+Witness+of+Christ+in+the+Church+-Welcome+to+The+Crossroads+Initiative&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crossroadsinitiative.com%2Flibrary_article%2F757%2FHans_Urs_von_Balthasar_Eulogy_de_Lubac.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Barron2011" class="citation web cs1">Robert Barron (30 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wordonfire.org/resources/article/is-hell-crowded-or-empty-a-catholic-perspective/">"Is Hell Crowded or Empty? A Catholic Perspective"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Word_on_Fire" title="Word on Fire">Word on Fire</a>. Retrieved 27 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Is+Hell+Crowded+or+Empty%3F+A+Catholic+Perspective&rft.pub=Word+on+Fire&rft.date=2011-03-30&rft.au=Robert+Barron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wordonfire.org%2Fresources%2Farticle%2Fis-hell-crowded-or-empty-a-catholic-perspective%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHans+Urs+von+Balthasar" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> Introductory studies <ul><li>Peter Henrici, "Hans Urs von Balthasar: a Sketch of His Life", Communio: International Catholic Review 16/3 (fall, 1989): 306–50</li> <li>Rodney Howsare, Balthasar: a guide for the perplexed, (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Kilby" title="Karen Kilby">Karen Kilby</a>, Balthasar: A (Very) Critical Introduction, (2012)</li> <li>Aidan Nichols, Balthasar for Thomists (2020)</li> <li>Aidan Nichols, The word has been abroad: a guide through Balthasar's aesthetics, Introduction to Hans Urs von Balthasar 1, (1998)</li> <li>Aidan Nichols, No bloodless myth: a guide through Balthasar's dramatics, Introduction to Hans Urs von Balthasar, (2000) </li> <li>Aidan Nichols, Say it is Pentecost: a guide through Balthasar's logic, Introduction to Hans Urs von Balthasar (2001)</li> <li>Aidan Nichols, Scattering the seed: a guide through Balthasar's early writings on philosophy and the arts, Introduction to Hans Urs von Balthasar, (2006)</li> <li>Aidan Nichols, Divine fruitfulness: a guide through Balthasar's theology beyond the trilogy, Introduction to Hans Urs von Balthasar, (2007)</li> <li>John O’Donnell, Hans Urs von Balthasar, Outstanding Christian Thinkers, (2000)</li> <li>Ben Quash, "Hans Urs von Balthasar", in David F. Ford, The Modern Theologians, (3rd edn, 2005)</li> <li>David L. Schindler (ed), Hans Urs von Balthasar: His Life and Work (1991)</li></ul> In-depth studies <ul><li>Lucy Gardner et al., Balthasar at the end of modernity, (1999)</li> <li>Mark A McIntosh, Christology from within: spirituality and the incarnation in Hans Urs von Balthasar, Studies in spirituality and theology; 3, (2000)</li> <li>Aidan Nichols, A key to Balthasar: Hans Urs von Balthasar on beauty, goodness and truth, (2011)</li> <li>Paul Silas Peterson, The Early Hans Urs von Balthasar: Historical Contexts and Intellectual Formation (2015)</li> <li>J. Riches, ed, The Analogy of Beauty: The theology of Hans Urs von Balthasar (Edinburgh, 1986)</li> <li>Gordon, James. 2016. A holy one in our midst. Minneapolis: Fortress Press</li> <li>Denny, Christopher. 2016. A generous symphony. Minneapolis: Fortress Press</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_O%27Regan" title="Cyril O'Regan">O'Regan, Cyril</a>. 2014. The Anatomy of Misremembering: Von Balthasar’s Response to Philosophical Modernity, Volume 1: Hegel. Chestnut Ridge: Crossroad Publishing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_O%27Regan" title="Cyril O'Regan">O'Regan, Cyril</a>. Forthcoming. The Anatomy of Misremembering: Von Balthasar's Response to Philosophical Modernity, Volume 2: Heidegger. Chestnut Ridge: Crossroad Publishing</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hans Urs von Balthasar">Hans Urs von Balthasar</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Hans Urs von Balthasar">Hans Urs von Balthasar</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.balthasar-stiftung.org/">Hans Urs von Balthasar Stiftung</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johannes-verlag.de/">Johannes Verlag</a>, a publishing house founded by Hans Urs von Balthasar</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.casabalthasar.org/">Casa Balthasar</a>, a house of vocational discernment, study, and formation in Rome, Italy, and home of the Accademia Balthasar</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vonbalthasar.com/">Balthasar: Beauty, Goodness, Truth</a>, an audio library on the thought and legacy of von Balthasar</li></ul> Additional bibliographical and biographical information <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nb-helveticat.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?query=any,contains,%22Hans+Urs+von+Balthasar%22&tab=LibraryCatalog&search_scope=MyInstitution&vid=41SNL_51_INST:helveticat&lang=de&offset=0">Publications by and about Hans Urs von Balthasar</a> in the catalogue Helveticat of the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_National_Library" title="Swiss National Library">Swiss National Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ratzingerfanclub.com/Balthasar/">Hans Urs von Balthasar: An Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?method=simpleSearch&cqlMode=true&query=idn%3D118506323">Literature by and about Hans Urs von Balthasar</a> in the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library" title="German National Library">German National Library</a> catalogue</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/entity/118506323">Works by and about Hans Urs von Balthasar</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Digitale_Bibliothek" title="Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek">Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek</a> (German Digital Library)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ignatiusinsight.com/authors/vonbalthasar.asp">Hans Urs von Balthasar's Author Page on IgnatiusInsight.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180817193432/http://www.ignatiusinsight.com/authors/vonbalthasar.asp">Archived</a> 2018-08-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, including a biography and a list of Balthasar's book's available in English</li></ul> Criticisms and commentaries <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholicculture.org/library/view.cfm?recnum=3344">The Inflated Reputation of Hans Urs von Balthasar</a>, by Regis Scanlon</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uT1Bg0YI6QE">Karen Kilby on Balthasar 1</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j9KIlfWtG08">and 2</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opwest.org/uploads/archive/2003/blankenhorn%5B1%5D.pdf">"Balthasar's Method of Divine Naming," Nova et Vetera 1 (2003): 245-68, available online</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍], article by Bernhard Blankenhorn</li> <li> Victor Conzemius: Balthasar, Hans Urs von in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D9716.php">German</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F9716.php">French</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I9716.php">Italian</a> in the online <a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060908054413/http://www.quod-est-dicendum.de/Theologie_und_Glaube/Balthasar_Einfuehrung_26_08_05_me.htm">Hans Urs von Balthasar,</a> an introduction by Mark Elliot</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051018070012/http://www.kirchensite.de/?myELEMENT=97718">Hans Urs von Balthasar. Der Theodramatiker,</a> short portrait by Katharina Klöcker</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040617001532/http://theol.uibk.ac.at/leseraum/artikel/470.html">Werner Löser: Herausforderungen, Begegnungen, Weichenstellungen.</a> (Rahner – Balthasar)</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF179;">Awards </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ignazio_Silone" title="Ignazio Silone">Ignazio Silone</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Gottfried-Keller-Preis" title="Gottfried-Keller-Preis">Gottfried-Keller-Preis</a> 1975 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Elias_Canetti" title="Elias Canetti">Elias Canetti</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">New award </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Paul_VI_Prize" title="Paul VI Prize">Paul VI Prize</a> 1983 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Messiaen" title="Olivier Messiaen">Olivier Messiaen</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_Catholic_theology" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_dogmatic_theology" title="Catholic dogmatic theology">History of Catholic theology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:gold"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_philosophers_and_theologians" title="List of Catholic philosophers and theologians">Key figures</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">History of the Catholic Church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Timeline of the Catholic Church">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_papacy" title="History of the papacy">History of the papacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_papal_primacy" title="History of papal primacy">Papal primacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecumenical_councils" title="Catholic ecumenical councils">Ecumenical councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bible" title="Catholic Bible">Catholic Bible</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Christian_biblical_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Development of the Christian biblical canon">Biblical canon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christian_theology" title="History of Christian theology">History of Christian theology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_Clement" title="First Epistle of Clement">First Epistle of Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didache" title="Didache">Didache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_Barnabas" title="Epistle of Barnabas">Epistle of Barnabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shepherd_of_Hermas" title="The Shepherd of Hermas">The Shepherd of Hermas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristides_of_Athens" title="Aristides of Athens">Aristides of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Martyr" title="Justin Martyr">Justin Martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Diognetus" title="Epistle to Diognetus">Epistle to Diognetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montanism" title="Montanism">Montanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novatian" title="Novatian">Antipope Novatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprian" title="Cyprian">Cyprian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine</a> to <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eusebius" title="Eusebius">Eusebius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arianism" title="Arianism">Arianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelagianism" title="Pelagianism">Pelagianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestorianism" title="Nestorianism">Nestorianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monophysitism" title="Monophysitism">Monophysitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_of_Poitiers" title="Hilary of Poitiers">Hilary of Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil of Caesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cassian" title="John Cassian">John Cassian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orosius" title="Orosius">Orosius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus" title="Peter Chrysologus">Peter Chrysologus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Pope Leo I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boethius" title="Boethius">Boethius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Dionysius_the_Areopagite" title="Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite">Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Climacus" title="John Climacus">John Climacus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monothelitism" title="Monothelitism">Monothelitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecthesis" title="Ecthesis">Ecthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Iconoclasm" title="Byzantine Iconoclasm">Iconoclasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transubstantiation" title="Transubstantiation">Transubstantiation dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predestination" title="Predestination">Predestination disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulinus_II_of_Aquileia" title="Paulinus II of Aquileia">Paulinus II of Aquileia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcuin" title="Alcuin">Alcuin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedict_of_Aniane" title="Benedict of Aniane">Benedict of Aniane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabanus_Maurus" title="Rabanus Maurus">Rabanus Maurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschasius_Radbertus" title="Paschasius Radbertus">Paschasius Radbertus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Scotus_Eriugena" title="John Scotus Eriugena">John Scotus Eriugena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/High_Middle_Ages" title="High Middle Ages">High Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roscellinus" title="Roscellinus">Roscellinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Narek" title="Gregory of Narek">Gregory of Narek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berengar_of_Tours" title="Berengar of Tours">Berengar of Tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Damian" title="Peter Damian">Peter Damian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_of_Fiore" title="Joachim of Fiore">Joachim of Fiore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Abelard" title="Peter Abelard">Peter Abelard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decretum_Gratiani" title="Decretum Gratiani">Decretum Gratiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Bernard of Clairvaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lombard" title="Peter Lombard">Peter Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Laon" title="Anselm of Laon">Anselm of Laon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildegard_of_Bingen" title="Hildegard of Bingen">Hildegard of Bingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Saint_Victor" title="Hugh of Saint Victor">Hugh of Saint Victor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Dominic" title="Saint Dominic">Dominic de Guzmán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Grosseteste" title="Robert Grosseteste">Robert Grosseteste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Padua" title="Anthony of Padua">Anthony of Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_of_Nazareth" title="Beatrice of Nazareth">Beatrice of Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus">Albertus Magnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boetius_of_Dacia" title="Boetius of Dacia">Boetius of Dacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Ghent" title="Henry of Ghent">Henry of Ghent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siger_of_Brabant" title="Siger of Brabant">Siger of Brabant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomism" title="Thomism">Thomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Bacon" title="Roger Bacon">Roger Bacon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">Mysticism</a> and reforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Llull" title="Ramon Llull">Ramon Llull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duns_Scotus" title="Duns Scotus">Duns Scotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_of_Ockham" title="William of Ockham">William of Ockham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rolle" title="Richard Rolle">Richard Rolle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_van_Ruysbroeck" class="mw-redirect" title="John van Ruysbroeck">John of Ruusbroec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridget_of_Sweden" title="Bridget of Sweden">Bridget of Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meister_Eckhart" title="Meister Eckhart">Meister Eckhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Tauler" title="Johannes Tauler">Johannes Tauler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Hilton" title="Walter Hilton">Walter Hilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cloud_of_Unknowing" title="The Cloud of Unknowing">The Cloud of Unknowing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Suso" title="Henry Suso">Heinrich Seuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geert_Groote" title="Geert Groote">Geert Groote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devotio_Moderna" title="Devotio Moderna">Devotio Moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_of_Norwich" title="Julian of Norwich">Julian of Norwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_%C3%A0_Kempis" title="Thomas à Kempis">Thomas à Kempis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_of_Cusa" title="Nicholas of Cusa">Nicholas of Cusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsilio_Ficino" title="Marsilio Ficino">Marsilio Ficino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Savonarola" title="Girolamo Savonarola">Girolamo Savonarola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pico_della_Mirandola" title="Giovanni Pico della Mirandola">Giovanni Pico della Mirandola</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a> <a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erasmus" title="Erasmus">Erasmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cajetan" title="Thomas Cajetan">Thomas Cajetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fisher" title="John Fisher">John Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Eck" title="Johann Eck">Johann Eck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Vitoria" title="Francisco de Vitoria">Francisco de Vitoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_of_Villanova" title="Thomas of Villanova">Thomas of Villanova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Loyola" title="Ignatius of Loyola">Ignatius of Loyola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Osuna" title="Francisco de Osuna">Francisco de Osuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_%C3%81vila" title="John of Ávila">John of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Francis Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa of Ávila">Teresa of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_de_Le%C3%B3n" title="Luis de León">Luis de León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_the_Cross" title="John of the Cross">John of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Canisius" title="Peter Canisius">Peter Canisius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_de_Molina" title="Luis de Molina">Luis de Molina</a> (<a href="/wiki/Molinism" title="Molinism">Molinism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Robert Bellarmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Francisco Suárez">Francisco Suárez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_of_Brindisi" title="Lawrence of Brindisi">Lawrence of Brindisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_de_Sales" title="Francis de Sales">Francis de Sales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque period</a> to <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Campanella" title="Tommaso Campanella">Tommaso Campanella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_B%C3%A9rulle" title="Pierre de Bérulle">Pierre de Bérulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Gassendi" title="Pierre Gassendi">Pierre Gassendi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">René Descartes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Jesus_of_%C3%81greda" title="Mary of Jesus of Ágreda">Mary of Jesus of Ágreda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Vieira" title="António Vieira">António Vieira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Olier" title="Jean-Jacques Olier">Jean-Jacques Olier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Thomassin" title="Louis Thomassin">Louis Thomassin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-B%C3%A9nigne_Bossuet" title="Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet">Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_F%C3%A9nelon" title="François Fénelon">François Fénelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Jansen" title="Cornelius Jansen">Cornelius Jansen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jansenism" title="Jansenism">Jansenism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Blaise Pascal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Malebranche" title="Nicolas Malebranche">Nicolas Malebranche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giambattista_Vico" title="Giambattista Vico">Giambattista Vico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonsus_Liguori" title="Alphonsus Liguori">Alphonsus Liguori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Montfort" title="Louis de Montfort">Louis de Montfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Gaetana_Agnesi" title="Maria Gaetana Agnesi">Maria Gaetana Agnesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Muzzarelli" title="Alfonso Muzzarelli">Alfonso Muzzarelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Michael_Sailer" title="Johann Michael Sailer">Johann Michael Sailer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Mary_Hofbauer" title="Clement Mary Hofbauer">Clement Mary Hofbauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Lanteri" title="Bruno Lanteri">Bruno Lanteri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_G%C3%B6rres" title="Joseph Görres">Joseph Görres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9licit%C3%A9_de_La_Mennais" title="Félicité de La Mennais">Félicité de La Mennais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Taparelli" title="Luigi Taparelli">Luigi Taparelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Rosmini" title="Antonio Rosmini">Antonio Rosmini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignaz_von_D%C3%B6llinger" title="Ignaz von Döllinger">Ignaz von Döllinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Newman" title="John Henry Newman">John Henry Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Henri_Lacordaire" title="Jean-Baptiste Henri Lacordaire">Henri Lacordaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Balmes" title="Jaime Balmes">Jaime Balmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Sanseverino" title="Gaetano Sanseverino">Gaetano Sanseverino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Maria_Cornoldi" title="Giovanni Maria Cornoldi">Giovanni Maria Cornoldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Emmanuel_von_Ketteler" title="Wilhelm Emmanuel von Ketteler">Wilhelm Emmanuel Freiherr von Ketteler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Pecci" title="Giuseppe Pecci">Giuseppe Pecci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hergenr%C3%B6ther" title="Joseph Hergenröther">Joseph Hergenröther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Maria_Zigliara" title="Tommaso Maria Zigliara">Tommaso Maria Zigliara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Joseph_Scheeben" title="Matthias Joseph Scheeben">Matthias Joseph Scheeben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Boutroux" title="Émile Boutroux">Émile Boutroux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Modernism in the Catholic Church">Modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-scholasticism" title="Neo-scholasticism">Neo-scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bloy" title="Léon Bloy">Léon Bloy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9-Joseph_Mercier" title="Désiré-Joseph Mercier">Désiré-Joseph Mercier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_H%C3%BCgel" title="Friedrich von Hügel">Friedrich von Hügel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Solovyov_(philosopher)" title="Vladimir Solovyov (philosopher)">Vladimir Solovyov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Joseph_Lagrange" title="Marie-Joseph Lagrange">Marie-Joseph Lagrange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Tyrrell" title="George Tyrrell">George Tyrrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Blondel" title="Maurice Blondel">Maurice Blondel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Lisieux" title="Thérèse of Lisieux">Thérèse of Lisieux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" title="G. K. Chesterton">G. K. Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9ginald_Garrigou-Lagrange" title="Réginald Garrigou-Lagrange">Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mar%C3%A9chal" title="Joseph Maréchal">Joseph Maréchal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Teilhard_de_Chardin" title="Pierre Teilhard de Chardin">Pierre Teilhard de Chardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Maritain" title="Jacques Maritain">Jacques Maritain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Gilson" title="Étienne Gilson">Étienne Gilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Knox" title="Ronald Knox">Ronald Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Bernanos" title="Georges Bernanos">Georges Bernanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_von_Hildebrand" title="Dietrich von Hildebrand">Dietrich von Hildebrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Marcel" title="Gabriel Marcel">Gabriel Marcel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Dominique_Chenu" title="Marie-Dominique Chenu">Marie-Dominique Chenu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano_Guardini" title="Romano Guardini">Romano Guardini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Stein" title="Edith Stein">Edith Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_J._Sheen" title="Fulton J. Sheen">Fulton Sheen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Lubac" title="Henri de Lubac">Henri de Lubac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Dorothy Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Daniel-Rops" title="Henri Daniel-Rops">Henri Daniel-Rops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Guitton" title="Jean Guitton">Jean Guitton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josemar%C3%ADa_Escriv%C3%A1" title="Josemaría Escrivá">Josemaría Escrivá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_th%C3%A9ologie" title="Nouvelle théologie">Nouvelle théologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Rahner" title="Karl Rahner">Karl Rahner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Congar" title="Yves Congar">Yves Congar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lonergan" title="Bernard Lonergan">Bernard Lonergan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Mounier" title="Emmanuel Mounier">Emmanuel Mounier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Dani%C3%A9lou" title="Jean Daniélou">Jean Daniélou</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hans Urs von Balthasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Lefebvre" title="Marcel Lefebvre">Marcel Lefebvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Copleston" title="Frederick Copleston">Frederick Copleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Delp" title="Alfred Delp">Alfred Delp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Schillebeeckx" title="Edward Schillebeeckx">Edward Schillebeeckx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Merton" title="Thomas Merton">Thomas Merton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Girard" title="René Girard">René Girard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_K%C3%BCng" title="Hans Küng">Hans Küng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Baptist_Metz" title="Johann Baptist Metz">Johann Baptist Metz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Vanier" title="Jean Vanier">Jean Vanier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Nouwen" title="Henri Nouwen">Henri Nouwen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_von_Hildebrand" title="Alice von Hildebrand">Alice von Hildebrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Maria_Martini" title="Carlo Maria Martini">Carlo Maria Martini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Gustavo Gutiérrez">Gustavo Gutiérrez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alasdair_MacIntyre" title="Alasdair MacIntyre">Alasdair MacIntyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Kasper" title="Walter Kasper">Walter Kasper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raniero_Cantalamessa" title="Raniero Cantalamessa">Raniero Cantalamessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micha%C5%82_Heller" title="Michał Heller">Michał Heller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kreeft" title="Peter Kreeft">Peter Kreeft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Marion" title="Jean-Luc Marion">Jean-Luc Marion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Hal%C3%ADk" title="Tomáš Halík">Tomáš Halík</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aidan_Nichols" title="Aidan Nichols">Aidan Nichols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Hahn" title="Scott Hahn">Scott Hahn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:gold"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Aesthetics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aesthetics" title="Template:Aesthetics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li 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href="/wiki/Japanese_aesthetics" title="Japanese aesthetics">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_and_art" title="Mathematics and art">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_aesthetics" title="Medieval aesthetics">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesthetics_of_music" title="Aesthetics of music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesthetics_of_nature" title="Aesthetics of nature">Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesthetics_of_science" title="Aesthetics of science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theological_aesthetics" title="Theological aesthetics">Theology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aestheticism" title="Aestheticism">Aestheticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classicism" title="Classicism">Classicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism#Aesthetics" title="Fascism">Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_aesthetics" title="Feminist aesthetics">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formalism_(art)" title="Formalism (art)">Formalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicism_(art)" title="Historicism (art)">Historicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxist_aesthetics" title="Marxist aesthetics">Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernism" title="Postmodernism">Postmodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychoanalytic_theory" title="Psychoanalytic theory">Psychoanalysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesthetic_Realism" title="Aesthetic Realism">Realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (arts)">Symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophy_and_visual_arts" title="Theosophy and visual arts">Theosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_movements" title="List of art movements">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhinavagupta" title="Abhinavagupta">Abhinavagupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._Adorno" title="Theodor W. Adorno">Adorno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Battista_Alberti" title="Leon Battista Alberti">Alberti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bal%C3%A1zs" title="Béla Balázs">Balázs</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Balthasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Baudelaire" title="Charles Baudelaire">Baudelaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baudrillard" title="Jean Baudrillard">Baudrillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Gottlieb_Baumgarten" title="Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten">Baumgarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clive_Bell" title="Clive Bell">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Benjamin" title="Walter Benjamin">Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Coleridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._G._Collingwood" title="R. G. Collingwood">Collingwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananda_Coomaraswamy" title="Ananda Coomaraswamy">Coomaraswamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Danto" title="Arthur Danto">Danto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Deleuze" title="Gilles Deleuze">Deleuze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Fry" title="Roger Fry">Fry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Goethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Goodman" title="Nelson Goodman">Goodman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Greenberg" title="Clement Greenberg">Greenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Hanslick" title="Eduard Hanslick">Hanslick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger" title="Martin Heidegger">Heidegger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">Hume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Hutcheson_(philosopher)" title="Francis Hutcheson (philosopher)">Hutcheson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Kant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Kierkegaard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Klee" title="Paul Klee">Klee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susanne_Langer" title="Susanne Langer">Langer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Lipps" title="Theodor Lipps">Lipps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Xie" title="Liu Xie">Liu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Luk%C3%A1cs" title="György Lukács">Lukács</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Lyotard" title="Jean-François Lyotard">Lyotard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_de_Man" title="Paul de Man">Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Marcuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Maritain" title="Jacques Maritain">Maritain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Merleau-Ponty" title="Maurice Merleau-Ponty">Merleau-Ponty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ortega_y_Gasset" title="José Ortega y Gasset">Ortega y Gasset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">Orwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Pater" title="Walter Pater">Pater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ranci%C3%A8re" title="Jacques Rancière">Rancière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Rand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._A._Richards" title="I. A. Richards">Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin" title="John Ruskin">Ruskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Santayana" title="George Santayana">Santayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schiller" title="Friedrich Schiller">Schiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer" title="Arthur Schopenhauer">Schopenhauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Scruton" title="Roger Scruton">Scruton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Tagore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun%27ichir%C5%8D_Tanizaki" title="Jun'ichirō Tanizaki">Tanizaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Vasari" title="Giorgio Vasari">Vasari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Wilde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Joachim_Winckelmann" title="Johann Joachim Winckelmann">Winckelmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aestheticians" title="List of aestheticians">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appropriation_(art)" title="Appropriation (art)">Appropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_for_art%27s_sake" title="Art for art's sake">Art for art's sake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_manifesto" title="Art manifesto">Art manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_merit" title="Artistic merit">Artistic merit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">Avant-garde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauty" title="Beauty">Beauty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminine_beauty_ideal" title="Feminine beauty ideal">Feminine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masculine_beauty_ideal" title="Masculine beauty ideal">Masculine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_(style)" title="Camp (style)">Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy" title="Comedy">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creativity" title="Creativity">Creativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuteness" title="Cuteness">Cuteness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depiction" title="Depiction">Depiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disgust" title="Disgust">Disgust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecstasy_(philosophy)" title="Ecstasy (philosophy)">Ecstasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elegance" title="Elegance">Elegance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesthetic_emotions" title="Aesthetic emotions">Emotions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment" title="Entertainment">Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eroticism" title="Eroticism">Eroticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion" title="Fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fun" title="Fun">Fun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaze" title="Gaze">Gaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmony" title="Harmony">Harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humour" title="Humour">Humour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesthetic_interpretation" title="Aesthetic interpretation">Interpretation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judgment" class="mw-redirect" title="Judgment">Judgment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kama" title="Kama">Kama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitsch" title="Kitsch">Kitsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_imitating_art" title="Life imitating art">Life imitating art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnificence_(history_of_ideas)" title="Magnificence (history of ideas)">Magnificence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimesis" title="Mimesis">Mimesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perception" title="Perception">Perception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picturesque" title="Picturesque">Picturesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_(philosophy)" title="Quality (philosophy)">Quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasa_(aesthetics)" title="Rasa (aesthetics)">Rasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recreation" title="Recreation">Recreation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverence_(emotion)" title="Reverence (emotion)">Reverence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_(visual_arts)" title="Style (visual arts)">Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sublime_(philosophy)" title="Sublime (philosophy)">Sublime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taste_(sociology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Taste (sociology)">Taste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragedy" title="Tragedy">Tragedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_of_art" title="Work of art">Work of art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hippias_Major" title="Hippias Major">Hippias Major</a> (c. 390 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetics_(Aristotle)" title="Poetics (Aristotle)">Poetics</a> (c. 335 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Literary_Mind_and_the_Carving_of_Dragons" title="The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons">The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons</a> (c. 100)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Sublime" title="On the Sublime">On the Sublime</a> (c. 500)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Philosophical_Enquiry_into_the_Origin_of_Our_Ideas_of_the_Sublime_and_Beautiful" title="A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful">A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful</a> (1757)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lectures_on_Aesthetics" title="Lectures on Aesthetics">Lectures on Aesthetics</a> (1835)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Critic_as_Artist" title="The Critic as Artist">The Critic as Artist</a>" (1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_Praise_of_Shadows" title="In Praise of Shadows">In Praise of Shadows</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_as_Experience" title="Art as Experience">Art as Experience</a> (1934)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Work_of_Art_in_the_Age_of_Mechanical_Reproduction" title="The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction">The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction</a>" (1935)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Avant-Garde_and_Kitsch" title="Avant-Garde and Kitsch">Avant-Garde and Kitsch</a>" (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_Essays_(Orwell)" title="Critical Essays (Orwell)">Critical Essays</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Aesthetic_Dimension" title="The Aesthetic Dimension">The Aesthetic Dimension</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Why_Beauty_Matters" title="Why Beauty Matters">Why Beauty Matters</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aestheticization_of_politics" title="Aestheticization of politics">Aestheticization of politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_aesthetics" title="Applied aesthetics">Applied aesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_criticism" title="Arts criticism">Arts criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axiology" class="mw-redirect" title="Axiology">Axiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_aesthetics" title="Evolutionary aesthetics">Evolutionary aesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_beauty" title="Mathematical beauty">Mathematical beauty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroesthetics" title="Neuroesthetics">Neuroesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patterns_in_nature" title="Patterns in nature">Patterns in nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_design" title="Philosophy of design">Philosophy of design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_film" title="Philosophy of film">Philosophy of film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_music" title="Philosophy of music">Philosophy of music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_art" title="Psychology of art">Psychology of art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_art" title="Theory of art">Theory of art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_aesthetics_articles" title="Index of aesthetics articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_aesthetics" title="Outline of aesthetics">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Aesthetics" title="Category:Aesthetics">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/18px-Socrates.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/27px-Socrates.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/36px-Socrates.png 2x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Philosophy" title="Portal:Philosophy">Philosophy portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="List_of_Gottfried-Keller-Preis_winners" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gottfried-Keller-Preis_winners" title="Template:Gottfried-Keller-Preis winners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gottfried-Keller-Preis_winners" title="Template talk:Gottfried-Keller-Preis winners"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gottfried-Keller-Preis_winners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gottfried-Keller-Preis winners"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="List_of_Gottfried-Keller-Preis_winners" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">List of <a href="/wiki/Gottfried-Keller-Preis" title="Gottfried-Keller-Preis">Gottfried-Keller-Preis</a> winners</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1922: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Bosshart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jakob Bosshart (page does not exist)">Jakob Bosshart</a></li> <li>1925: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Federer" title="Heinrich Federer">Heinrich Federer</a></li> <li>1927: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Ferdinand_Ramuz" title="Charles Ferdinand Ramuz">Charles Ferdinand Ramuz</a></li> <li>1929: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Josef_Nadler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josef Nadler (page does not exist)">Josef Nadler</a></li> <li>1931: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Carossa" title="Hans Carossa">Hans Carossa</a></li> <li>1933: Festgabe Universität Zürich</li> <li>1936: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hesse" title="Hermann Hesse">Hermann Hesse</a></li> <li>1938: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Gagliardi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernst Gagliardi (page does not exist)">Ernst Gagliardi</a></li> <li>1943: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Faesi" title="Robert Faesi">Robert Faesi</a></li> <li>1947: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fritz_Ernst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fritz Ernst (page does not exist)">Fritz Ernst</a></li> <li>1949: <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Kassner" title="Rudolf Kassner">Rudolf Kassner</a></li> <li>1952: <a href="/wiki/Gertrud_von_Le_Fort" title="Gertrud von Le Fort">Gertrud von Le Fort</a></li> <li>1954: <a href="/wiki/Werner_Kaegi" title="Werner Kaegi">Werner Kaegi</a></li> <li>1956: <a href="/wiki/Max_Rychner" title="Max Rychner">Max Rychner</a></li> <li>1959: <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Zermatten" title="Maurice Zermatten">Maurice Zermatten</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Staiger" title="Emil Staiger">Emil Staiger</a></li> <li>1965: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meinrad_Inglin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meinrad Inglin (page does not exist)">Meinrad Inglin</a></li> <li>1967: <a href="/wiki/Edzard_Schaper" title="Edzard Schaper">Edzard Schaper</a></li> <li>1969: <a href="/wiki/Golo_Mann" title="Golo Mann">Golo Mann</a></li> <li>1971: <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Raymond" title="Marcel Raymond">Marcel Raymond</a></li> <li>1973: <a href="/wiki/Ignazio_Silone" title="Ignazio Silone">Ignazio Silone</a></li> <li>1975: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hans Urs von Balthasar</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Elias_Canetti" title="Elias Canetti">Elias Canetti</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Max_Wehrli" title="Max Wehrli">Max Wehrli</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Jaccottet" title="Philippe Jaccottet">Philippe Jaccottet</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Lenz" title="Hermann Lenz">Hermann Lenz</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_L%C3%BCthy" title="Herbert Lüthy">Herbert Lüthy</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Mercanton_(writer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Mercanton (writer) (page does not exist)">Jacques Mercanton</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Erika_Burkart" title="Erika Burkart">Erika Burkart</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_Meier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerhard Meier (page does not exist)">Gerhard Meier</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Orelli" title="Giovanni Orelli">Giovanni Orelli</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Bichsel" title="Peter Bichsel">Peter Bichsel</a></li> <li>2001: <a href="/wiki/%C3%81gota_Krist%C3%B3f" title="Ágota Kristóf">Ágota Kristóf</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Merz" title="Klaus Merz">Klaus Merz</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Fabio_Pusterla" title="Fabio Pusterla">Fabio Pusterla</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Gerold_Sp%C3%A4th" title="Gerold Späth">Gerold Späth</a></li> <li>2013: Collective of writers <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bern_ist_%C3%BCberall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bern ist überall (page does not exist)">Bern ist überall</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_De_Marchi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pietro De Marchi (page does not exist)">Pietro De Marchi</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Muschg" title="Adolf Muschg">Adolf Muschg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_H%C3%BCrlimann" title="Thomas Hürlimann">Thomas Hürlimann</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122976#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122976#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122976#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121491329">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/210818567">VIAF</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/120634293">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/34239/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqFRq4XDb7trHBC94MVmd">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118506323">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79043792">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118900356">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118900356">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00432204">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV007362">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35012933">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990210085&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1721270">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/841730">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069653399">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810681210705606">Poland</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/76635">Vatican</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007258002305171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058511489006706">Catalonia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14723311">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01817752?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th 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