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href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%81_%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ويليام أوف ويكهام – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويليام أوف ويكهام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_o_Wykeham" title="William o Wykeham – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="William o Wykeham" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_von_Wykeham" title="William von Wykeham – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="William von Wykeham" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ویلیام وایکهام – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویلیام وایکهام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_de_Wykeham" title="William de Wykeham – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="William de Wykeham" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_di_Wykeham" title="William di Wykeham – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="William di Wykeham" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%81_%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ويليام اوف ويكيهام – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ويليام اوف ويكيهام" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A0%E3%81%AE%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0" title="ウィカムのウィリアム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウィカムのウィリアム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_av_Wykeham" title="William av Wykeham – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="William av Wykeham" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_av_Wykeham" title="William av Wykeham – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="William av Wykeham" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%85%8B%E5%A7%86%E7%9A%84%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89" title="威克姆的威廉 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="威克姆的威廉" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q723451#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> 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Chancellor of England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the 16th-century bishop, see <a href="/wiki/William_Wickham_(bishop)" title="William Wickham (bishop)">William Wickham (bishop)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox 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.infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;color: #202122; background-color: #DFB0DF;"><div style="display:inline" class="fn">William of Wykeham</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader role"><a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Winchester" title="Bishop of Winchester">Bishop of Winchester</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Williamofwykeham.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Williamofwykeham.jpg/100px-Williamofwykeham.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Williamofwykeham.jpg/150px-Williamofwykeham.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Williamofwykeham.jpg/200px-Williamofwykeham.jpg 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="578" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">William of Wykeham, Bishop of Winchester, 1367-1404: from his tomb at Winchester.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Church</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointed</th><td class="infobox-data">12 July 1367</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Term ended</th><td class="infobox-data">27 September 1404</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Edington" title="William Edington">William Edington</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Beaufort" title="Henry Beaufort">Henry Beaufort</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background-color:#DDDDDD;">Orders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ordination</th><td class="infobox-data">1362</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Consecration</th><td class="infobox-data">10 October 1367<br />by <a href="/wiki/Simon_Langham" title="Simon Langham">Simon Langham</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background-color:#DDDDDD;">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1320 or 1324</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">27 September 1404 (aged <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 82)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coat of arms</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Wykeham.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="William of Wykeham's coat of arms"><img alt="William of Wykeham's coat of arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Arms_of_Wykeham.svg/50px-Arms_of_Wykeham.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Arms_of_Wykeham.svg/75px-Arms_of_Wykeham.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Arms_of_Wykeham.svg/100px-Arms_of_Wykeham.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="602" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>William of Wykeham</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>/</a></span></span>; 1320 or 1324 – 27 September 1404) was <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Winchester" title="Bishop of Winchester">Bishop of Winchester</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancellor of England">Chancellor of England</a>. He founded <a href="/wiki/New_College,_Oxford" title="New College, Oxford">New College, Oxford</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_College_School" title="New College School">New College School</a> in 1379, and founded <a href="/wiki/Winchester_College" title="Winchester College">Winchester College</a> in 1382. He was also the clerk of works when much of <a href="/wiki/Windsor_Castle" title="Windsor Castle">Windsor Castle</a> was built. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_of_Wykeham&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>William of Wykeham (born William Longe) was the son of John Longe, a freeman from <a href="/wiki/Wickham,_Hampshire" title="Wickham, Hampshire">Wickham</a> in Hampshire. He was educated at a school in <a href="/wiki/Winchester" title="Winchester">Winchester</a>, and probably enjoyed early patronage from two local men, Sir Ralph Sutton, constable of <a href="/wiki/Winchester_Castle" title="Winchester Castle">Winchester Castle</a>, and Sir <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Scures&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Scures (page does not exist)">John Scures</a>, lord of the manor of Wickham, and then from <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Foxley" title="Thomas Foxley">Thomas Foxley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constable_of_Windsor_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Constable of Windsor Castle">Constable of Windsor Castle</a>. In 1349, Wykeham was described as a chaplain when he was appointed <a href="/wiki/Rector_(ecclesiastical)" title="Rector (ecclesiastical)">rector</a> of <a href="/wiki/Irstead" title="Irstead">Irstead</a> in Norfolk, a position which was in the gift of the Crown.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Builder">Builder</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_of_Wykeham&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Builder"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WilliamOfWykeham.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/WilliamOfWykeham.jpg/170px-WilliamOfWykeham.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/WilliamOfWykeham.jpg/255px-WilliamOfWykeham.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/WilliamOfWykeham.jpg/340px-WilliamOfWykeham.jpg 2x" data-file-width="423" data-file-height="620" /></a><figcaption>Portrait (posthumous), showing the two colleges he founded, and his <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a> and motto</figcaption></figure> <p>William became secretary to the <a href="/wiki/Constable#Ancient_Court_Position" title="Constable">constable</a> of <a href="/wiki/Winchester_Castle" title="Winchester Castle">Winchester Castle</a> and in that capacity learned about building. This led to architectural work for King <a href="/wiki/Edward_III_of_England" title="Edward III of England">Edward III</a>, for whom he reconstructed <a href="/wiki/Windsor_Castle" title="Windsor Castle">Windsor Castle</a> whilst residing at Bear's Rails in <a href="/wiki/Old_Windsor" title="Old Windsor">Old Windsor</a>. </p><p>William developed a reputation for the administration and supervision of royal building works during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Edward_III_of_England" title="Edward III of England">Edward III</a>. By May 1356, he was clerk of the works for houses being built for the Crown at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henley_on_the_Heath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henley on the Heath (page does not exist)">Henley on the Heath</a> in Surrey and <a href="/wiki/Easthampstead" title="Easthampstead">Easthampstead</a> in Berkshire, and he was appointed surveyor of the long-running works to develop <a href="/wiki/Windsor_Castle" title="Windsor Castle">Windsor Castle</a> in October 1356. He rapidly rose in royal service, and in July 1359 he was appointed chief keeper and surveyor of Windsor Castle, <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Castle" title="Leeds Castle">Leeds Castle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dover_Castle" title="Dover Castle">Dover Castle</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hadleigh_Castle" title="Hadleigh Castle">Hadleigh Castle</a>, and many royal manors, including <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_London" title="Richmond, London">Sheen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eltham" title="Eltham">Eltham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kings_Langley_Palace" title="Kings Langley Palace">Langley</a>, effectively in the office later called <a href="/wiki/Clerk_of_works" title="Clerk of works">clerk of the king's works</a>. He also took charge of the building works at <a href="/wiki/Queenborough" title="Queenborough">Queenborough</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Sheppey" title="Isle of Sheppey">Isle of Sheppey</a> in Kent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="State_administrator_under_Edward_III">State administrator under Edward III</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_of_Wykeham&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: State administrator under Edward III"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>William's career took a turn by 1361, when he became a royal secretary, part of the administration of the royal finances, and by 1363 he was a royal councillor. He was present when the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Br%C3%A9tigny" title="Treaty of Brétigny">Treaty of Brétigny</a> was agreed in Calais in 1360. In January 1361, Edward III and <a href="/wiki/John_II_of_France" title="John II of France">John II of France</a> jointly to petitioned <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_VI" title="Pope Innocent VI">Pope Innocent VI</a>, to make William a <a href="/wiki/Canon_(priest)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon (priest)">canon</a> at <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Cathedral" title="Lincoln Cathedral">Lincoln Cathedral</a>. He was appointed <a href="/wiki/Justice_in_Eyre" class="mw-redirect" title="Justice in Eyre">Justice in Eyre</a> south of the <a href="/wiki/River_Trent" title="River Trent">Trent</a> along with <a href="/wiki/Peter_Atte_Wode" title="Peter Atte Wode">Peter Atte Wode</a> in 1361, a position he held until about 1367. William was ordained in 1362 and paid for his services by being given the incomes of various churches. For instance, in April 1363, Edward III presented him to the <a href="/wiki/Archdeacon_of_Lincoln" title="Archdeacon of Lincoln">archdeaconry of Lincoln</a>, a move that was approved by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_V" title="Pope Urban V">Pope Urban V</a> in November 1363 only after representations from <a href="/wiki/Sir_Nicholas_de_Loveyne" title="Sir Nicholas de Loveyne">Sir Nicholas de Loveyne</a>, the king's ambassador to the papal court.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1366, William held two <a href="/wiki/Benefice" title="Benefice">benefices</a> and eleven <a href="/wiki/Prebend" class="mw-redirect" title="Prebend">prebends</a>, with an annual income exceeding £800. </p><p>William had shown considerable talent as an administrator and in June 1363 was appointed <a href="/wiki/Lord_Privy_Seal" title="Lord Privy Seal">Lord Privy Seal</a><sup id="cite_ref-Handbook94_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Handbook94-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then in October 1366 he was elected <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Winchester" title="Bishop of Winchester">Bishop of Winchester</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Handbook277_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Handbook277-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pope Urban V approved his appointment in July 1367, and he was consecrated at St Paul's Cathedral in London on 10 October 1367<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and enthroned at Winchester Cathedral in July 1368. In 1367 he was appointed <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancellor of England">Chancellor of England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Handbook86_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Handbook86-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He struggled to find the funds necessary to pay the army fighting against France after conflict resumed in 1369. He lost the favour of the king, who turned to <a href="/wiki/William_Latimer,_4th_Baron_Latimer" title="William Latimer, 4th Baron Latimer">William Latimer, 4th Baron Latimer</a>, and he resigned as Chancellor in 1371.<sup id="cite_ref-Handbook86_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Handbook86-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As Edward III aged and weakened, William maintained good relationships with <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Mortimer,_3rd_Earl_of_March" title="Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March">Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_of_Gaunt" title="John of Gaunt">John of Gaunt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward,_the_Black_Prince" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward, the Black Prince">Edward, the Black Prince</a>. He remained politically important, and was one of four bishops appointed to the new royal council in May 1376 after Latimer was <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Impeachment in the United Kingdom">impeached</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Good_Parliament" title="Good Parliament">Good Parliament</a>. His friendship with the Earl of March led to a long conflict with <a href="/wiki/John_of_Gaunt" title="John of Gaunt">John of Gaunt</a>, who supported Latimer. Latimer was pardoned by king in October 1376, and William found himself charged with financial irregularities and mismanagement towards the end of the year. He was banished from court and the income from his church properties was seized in late 1376, but he was pardoned by the new king <a href="/wiki/Richard_II_of_England" title="Richard II of England">Richard II</a> in July 1377, weeks after Edward III died. (Richard was the son of Edward, the Black Prince, who had died in June 1376, a year before his father.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Richard_II">Richard II</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_of_Wykeham&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Richard II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under Richard II, William resumed his position as a royal councillor. Although he took the side of the <a href="/wiki/Lords_Appellant" title="Lords Appellant">Lords Appellant</a> in their disputes with the king in 1388, he also managed to maintain good relations with the king, and served as Chancellor again from May 1389 to September 1391. </p><p>After years of supporting poor scholars at <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University">Oxford University</a>, he founded <a href="/wiki/New_College,_Oxford" title="New College, Oxford">New College</a>, which was granted a royal charter in 1379. He also founded a school, <a href="/wiki/Winchester_College" title="Winchester College">Winchester College</a>, to supply New College with students, obtaining a <a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">papal bull</a> in 1378 and a royal licence in 1382. Construction work began in Oxford in 1380, and in Winchester in 1387, under the architect <a href="/wiki/William_Wynford" title="William Wynford">William Wynford</a>. At both colleges, William stipulated daily prayers for Richard II and his queen, William and his parents, and his former patrons, Sir Ralph Sutton, Sir John Scures, and Thomas Foxley. The funds to endow the colleges, and pay for the building works, came from William's lucrative church positions, discounting of exchequer tallies (that is, speculation on tax revenues due to the king), exporting wool, and using his influence to obtain papal approval for the acquisition of the income of the "alien priories" that belonged to monasteries in France, which were confiscated by the crown during the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a>. He also started the rebuilding of the nave of Winchester Cathedral in 1394. </p><p>William was concentrating on his foundation by the time <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_England" title="Henry IV of England">Henry IV</a> deposed Richard II in 1399, but he welcomed the new king in Winchester in 1400. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_legacy">Death and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_of_Wykeham&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Death and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_of_Wykeham_Effigy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/William_of_Wykeham_Effigy.jpg/220px-William_of_Wykeham_Effigy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/William_of_Wykeham_Effigy.jpg/330px-William_of_Wykeham_Effigy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/William_of_Wykeham_Effigy.jpg/440px-William_of_Wykeham_Effigy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="464" /></a><figcaption>Funerary effigy of William of Wykeham in Winchester Cathedral</figcaption></figure> <p>William died at <a href="/wiki/Bishop%27s_Waltham" title="Bishop's Waltham">Bishop's Waltham</a> in Hampshire on 27 September 1404 and was buried in his <a href="/wiki/Chantry" title="Chantry">chantry</a> chapel on the south side of the nave in Winchester Cathedral. At the time of his death, he was one of the richest men in England. Much of his wealth went into the schools he patronised, but he also contrived to leave a fortune to a nephew, whose descendants include the <a href="/wiki/Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes_family" title="Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes family">Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes family</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Spixworth_Park" title="Spixworth Park">Longe family</a>. </p><p>William's motto was 'Manners makyth man'.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_College,_Arms_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_College,_Arms-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This, along with a <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a>, was assumed by him and not acquired by descent. His biography was written by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lowth" title="Robert Lowth">Bishop Lowth</a>. He was also written about by Lord Brougham in his 'Old England's Worthies' (1857) and by <a href="/wiki/Froissart" class="mw-redirect" title="Froissart">Froissart</a>. 'Manners Makyth Man' is also the motto of the establishments Wykeham founded, <a href="/wiki/Winchester_College" title="Winchester College">Winchester College</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_College,_Oxford" title="New College, Oxford">New College, Oxford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_College,_Arms_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_College,_Arms-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_of_Wykeham&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mackenzie E. C. Walcott "William of Wykeham, His Colleges" p. 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDavis2007" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Virginia (2007). <i>William Wykeham</i>. London. p. 46.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+Wykeham&rft.place=London&rft.pages=46&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Virginia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+of+Wykeham" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Handbook94-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Handbook94_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrydeGreenwayPorterRoy1996">Fryde et al. 1996</a>, p. 94</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Handbook277-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Handbook277_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrydeGreenwayPorterRoy1996">Fryde et al. 1996</a>, p. 277</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.winchester-cathedral.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/William-of-Wykeham-in-1393-The-Only-Surviving-Household-Expenses-Account-Roll-An-Introduction.pdf">"William-of-Wykeham-in-1393-The-Only-Surviving-Household-Expenses-Account-Roll"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Winchester Cathedral</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Winchester+Cathedral&rft.atitle=William-of-Wykeham-in-1393-The-Only-Surviving-Household-Expenses-Account-Roll&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.winchester-cathedral.org.uk%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FWilliam-of-Wykeham-in-1393-The-Only-Surviving-Household-Expenses-Account-Roll-An-Introduction.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+of+Wykeham" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Handbook86-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Handbook86_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Handbook86_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrydeGreenwayPorterRoy1996">Fryde et al. 1996</a>, p. 86</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winchester_College,_Arms-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_College,_Arms_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_College,_Arms_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winchestercollege.org/arms">"Winchester College, Arms"</a>. <i>Winchester College website</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Winchester+College+website&rft.atitle=Winchester+College%2C+Arms&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winchestercollege.org%2Farms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+of+Wykeham" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_of_Wykeham&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Partner, Peter, 'Wykeham, William (c. 1324–1404)', <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i>, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2009 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/30127,">accessed 28 July 2013</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrydeGreenwayPorterRoy1996" class="citation book cs1">Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996). <i>Handbook of British Chronology</i> (Third revised ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-56350-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-56350-X"><bdi>0-521-56350-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+British+Chronology&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.edition=Third+revised&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-521-56350-X&rft.aulast=Fryde&rft.aufirst=E.+B.&rft.au=Greenway%2C+D.+E.&rft.au=Porter%2C+S.&rft.au=Roy%2C+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+of+Wykeham" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Lowth, Robert <i>Life of William of Wykeham, Bishop of Winchester</i>. London, 1759</li> <li>Moberly, George Herbert <i>Life of William Wykeham</i>. Warren & Son, Winchester, 1887; 2nd edition, London, 1893</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_Walcott" title="Mackenzie Walcott">Walcott, Mackenzie Edward Charles</a> <i>William of Wykeham and his Colleges</i>. London, 1897</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_of_Wykeham&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>John, Lord Campbell, <i>Lives of the Lord Chancellors and Keepers of the Great Seal of England</i>. London, 1848; I, xv, xvii</li> <li>Augusta Theodosia Drane, <i>The Three Chancellors, or Sketches of the Lives of William of Wykeham, William of Waynflete and Sir Thomas More</i>. London, 1882; pp. 1–112</li> <li>Thomas Kitchin, <i>Winchester</i>. London, 1890.</li> <li>Virginia Davis, <i>William Wykeham: a life</i>. London; New York: Hambledon Continuum, 2007</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DDCEF2;">Legal offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Thomas de Braose</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Justice_in_Eyre" class="mw-redirect" title="Justice in Eyre">Justice in Eyre</a><br />south of the Trent<br /><i>with Peter atte Wood</i> </b><br />1361–1367 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">John de la Lee</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Bokyngham" title="John Bokyngham">John Buckingham</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Privy_Seal" title="Lord Privy Seal">Lord Privy Seal</a> </b><br />1363–1367 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lacy_(Lord_Privy_Seal)" title="Peter Lacy (Lord Privy Seal)">Peter Lacy</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Langham" title="Simon Langham">Simon Langham</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a> </b><br />1367–1371 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Thorpe_(Lord_Chancellor)" title="Robert Thorpe (Lord Chancellor)">Sir Robert Thorpe</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Arundel" title="Thomas Arundel">Thomas Arundel</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a> </b><br />1389–1391 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Arundel" title="Thomas Arundel">Thomas Arundel</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FABE60;"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church titles</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Edington" title="William Edington">William Edington</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Winchester" title="Bishop of Winchester">Bishop of Winchester</a> </b><br />1366–1404 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Beaufort" title="Henry Beaufort">Henry Beaufort</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bishops_of_Winchester" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bishops of Winchester"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bishops_of_Winchester" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Winchester" title="Bishop of Winchester">Bishops of Winchester</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early Medieval<br />634–1006</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birinus" title="Birinus">Birinus</a>, Bishop of Dorchester</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agilbert" title="Agilbert">Agilbert</a>, Bishop of Dorchester</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_(bishop)" title="Wine (bishop)">Wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leuthere" title="Leuthere">Leuthere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A6dde" title="Hædde">Hædde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_of_Winchester" title="Daniel of Winchester">Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunfrith_of_Winchester" title="Hunfrith of Winchester">Hunfrith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyneheard_of_Winchester" title="Cyneheard of Winchester">Cyneheard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelheard_of_Winchester" title="Æthelheard of Winchester">Æthelheard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecgbald" title="Ecgbald">Ecgbald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudd" title="Dudd">Dudd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyneberht_of_Winchester" title="Cyneberht of Winchester">Cyneberht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ealhmund_of_Winchester" title="Ealhmund of Winchester">Ealhmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigthegn" title="Wigthegn">Wigthegn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herefrith" title="Herefrith">Herefrith</a> <i>(disputed)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadmund_of_Winchester" title="Eadmund of Winchester">Eadmund</a> <i>(disputed)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadhun" title="Eadhun">Eadhun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmstan" title="Helmstan">Helmstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swithun" title="Swithun">Swithun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ealhferth" title="Ealhferth">Ealhferth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunbeorht" title="Tunbeorht">Tunbeorht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denewulf" title="Denewulf">Denewulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frithestan" title="Frithestan">Frithestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beornstan_of_Winchester" title="Beornstan of Winchester">Beornstan/Byrnstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfheah_the_Bald" title="Ælfheah the Bald">Ælfheah</a> <i>I</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfsige" title="Ælfsige">Ælfsige</a> <i>I</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beorhthelm_of_Winchester" title="Beorhthelm of Winchester">Beorhthelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelwold_of_Winchester" title="Æthelwold of Winchester">Æthelwold</a> <i>I</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfheah_of_Canterbury" title="Ælfheah of Canterbury">Ælfheah</a> <i>II</i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Arms_SeeOfWinchester.svg/100px-Arms_SeeOfWinchester.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Arms_SeeOfWinchester.svg/150px-Arms_SeeOfWinchester.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Arms_SeeOfWinchester.svg/200px-Arms_SeeOfWinchester.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="578" data-file-height="666" /></span></span><div><span style="font-size:85%;">Arms of the Bishop of Winchester</span></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">High Medieval<br />1006–1304</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cenwulf_of_Winchester" title="Cenwulf of Winchester">Cenwulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelwold_II_(bishop_of_Winchester)" title="Æthelwold II (bishop of Winchester)">Æthelwold</a> <i>II</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfsige_II_(bishop_of_Winchester)" title="Ælfsige II (bishop of Winchester)">Ælfsige</a> <i>II</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfwine_of_Winchester" title="Ælfwine of Winchester">Ælfwine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stigand" title="Stigand">Stigand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkelin" title="Walkelin">Walkelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Giffard" title="William Giffard">William Giffard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Blois" title="Henry of Blois">Henry of Blois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_of_Ilchester" title="Richard of Ilchester">Richard of Ilchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godfrey_de_Luci" class="mw-redirect" title="Godfrey de Luci">Godfrey de Luci</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Richard_Poore" title="Richard Poore">Richard Poore</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_des_Roches" title="Peter des Roches">Peter des Roches</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Neville" title="Ralph Neville">Ralph Neville</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_de_Raley" title="William de Raley">William de Raley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aymer_de_Valence_(bishop)" title="Aymer de Valence (bishop)">Aymer de Valence</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Andrew_of_London" title="Andrew of London">Andrew of London</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_de_Taunton" title="William de Taunton">William de Taunton</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gervais" title="John Gervais">John Gervais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_of_Ely" title="Nicholas of Ely">Nicholas of Ely</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Robert_Burnell" title="Robert Burnell">Robert Burnell</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Richard_de_la_More" title="Richard de la More">Richard de la More</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Pontoise" title="John of Pontoise">John of Pontoise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Late Medieval<br />1305–1501</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Woodlock" title="Henry Woodlock">Henry Woodlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sandale" title="John Sandale">John Sandale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigaud_of_Assier" title="Rigaud of Assier">Rigaud of Assier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_de_Stratford" title="John de Stratford">John de Stratford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Orleton" title="Adam Orleton">Adam Orleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Edington" title="William Edington">William Edington</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">William of Wykeham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Beaufort" title="Henry Beaufort">Henry Beaufort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Waynflete" title="William Waynflete">William Waynflete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Courtenay" title="Peter Courtenay">Peter Courtenay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Langton" title="Thomas Langton">Thomas Langton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early Modern<br />1501–1820</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Foxe" title="Richard Foxe">Richard Foxe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wolsey" title="Thomas Wolsey">Thomas Wolsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Gardiner" title="Stephen Gardiner">Stephen Gardiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ponet" title="John Ponet">John Ponet</a></li> <li>Stephen Gardiner</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_White_(bishop)" title="John White (bishop)">John White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Horne_(bishop)" title="Robert Horne (bishop)">Robert Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Watson_(bishop)" title="John Watson (bishop)">John Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cooper_(bishop)" title="Thomas Cooper (bishop)">Thomas Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wickham_(bishop)" title="William Wickham (bishop)">William Wickham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Day_(bishop)" title="William Day (bishop)">William Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bilson" title="Thomas Bilson">Thomas Bilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Montague_(bishop)" title="James Montague (bishop)">James Montague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancelot_Andrewes" title="Lancelot Andrewes">Lancelot Andrewes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neile" title="Richard Neile">Richard Neile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Curle" title="Walter Curle">Walter Curle</a></li> <li><i>Episcopacy abolished (<a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_England" title="Commonwealth of England">Commonwealth</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Duppa" title="Brian Duppa">Brian Duppa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Morley_(bishop)" title="George Morley (bishop)">George Morley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Mews" title="Peter Mews">Peter Mews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Jonathan_Trelawny,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir Jonathan Trelawny, 3rd Baronet">Jonathan Trelawny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Trimnell" title="Charles Trimnell">Charles Trimnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Willis_(bishop)" title="Richard Willis (bishop)">Richard Willis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Hoadly" title="Benjamin Hoadly">Benjamin Hoadly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Thomas_(bishop_of_Winchester)" title="John Thomas (bishop of Winchester)">John Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownlow_North" title="Brownlow North">Brownlow North</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Late Modern<br />1820–current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Pretyman_Tomline" title="George Pretyman Tomline">George Pretyman Tomline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sumner_(bishop)" title="Charles Sumner (bishop)">Charles Sumner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Wilberforce" title="Samuel Wilberforce">Samuel Wilberforce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Browne" title="Harold Browne">Harold Browne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Thorold" title="Anthony Thorold">Anthony Thorold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randall_Davidson" title="Randall Davidson">Randall Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Edward_Ryle" title="Herbert Edward Ryle">Herbert Ryle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Talbot_(bishop)" title="Edward Talbot (bishop)">Edward Talbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Woods" title="Theodore Woods">Theodore Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Garbett" title="Cyril Garbett">Cyril Garbett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mervyn_Haigh" title="Mervyn Haigh">Mervyn Haigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alwyn_Williams_(bishop)" title="Alwyn Williams (bishop)">Alwyn Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkner_Allison" title="Falkner Allison">Falkner Allison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Taylor_(bishop_of_Winchester)" title="John Taylor (bishop of Winchester)">John Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_James_(bishop)" title="Colin James (bishop)">Colin James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Scott-Joynt" title="Michael Scott-Joynt">Michael Scott-Joynt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Dakin" title="Tim Dakin">Tim Dakin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Mounstephen" title="Philip Mounstephen">Philip Mounstephen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="English_Lord_Chancellors_under_the_House_of_Plantagenet_(1216–1399)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:House_of_Plantagenet_Lord_Chancellors" title="Template:House of Plantagenet Lord Chancellors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:House_of_Plantagenet_Lord_Chancellors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:House of Plantagenet Lord Chancellors (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:House_of_Plantagenet_Lord_Chancellors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:House of Plantagenet Lord Chancellors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="English_Lord_Chancellors_under_the_House_of_Plantagenet_(1216–1399)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">English</a> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellors</a> under the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Plantagenet" title="House of Plantagenet">House of Plantagenet</a> (1216–1399)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">Henry III</a><br />(1216–1272)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Marsh_(bishop)" title="Richard Marsh (bishop)">Richard Marsh</a> (1216–1226)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Neville" title="Ralph Neville">Ralph Neville</a> (1226–1240)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_le_Gras" title="Richard le Gras">Richard le Gras</a> (1240–1242)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Neville" title="Ralph Neville">Ralph Neville</a> (1242–1244)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvester_de_Everdon" title="Silvester de Everdon">Silvester de Everdon</a> (1244–1246)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maunsell" title="John Maunsell">John Maunsell</a> (1246–1247)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lexington" title="John Lexington">John Lexington</a> (1247–1248)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maunsell" title="John Maunsell">John Maunsell</a> (1248–1249)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lexington" title="John Lexington">John Lexington</a> (1249–1250)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_of_Kilkenny" title="William of Kilkenny">William of Kilkenny</a> (1250–1255)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wingham" title="Henry Wingham">Henry Wingham</a> (1255–1260)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_of_Ely" title="Nicholas of Ely">Nicholas of Ely</a> (1260–1261)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_de_Merton" title="Walter de Merton">Walter de Merton</a> (1261–1263)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_of_Ely" title="Nicholas of Ely">Nicholas of Ely</a> (1263)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chishull" title="John Chishull">John Chishull</a> (1263–1264)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_de_Cantilupe" title="Thomas de Cantilupe">Thomas de Cantilupe</a> (1264–1265)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Sandwich" title="Ralph Sandwich">Ralph Sandwich</a> (1265)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Giffard" title="Walter Giffard">Walter Giffard</a> (1265–1266)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Giffard" title="Godfrey Giffard">Godfrey Giffard</a> (1266–1268)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chishull" title="John Chishull">John Chishull</a> (1268–1269)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Middleton_(Lord_Chancellor)" title="Richard Middleton (Lord Chancellor)">Richard Middleton</a> (1269–1272)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">Edward I</a><br />(1272–1307)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_de_Merton" title="Walter de Merton">Walter de Merton</a> (1272–1274)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Burnell" title="Robert Burnell">Robert Burnell</a> (1274–1292)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Langton" title="John Langton">John Langton</a> (1292–1302)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Greenfield" title="William Greenfield">William Greenfield</a> (1302–1305)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hamilton_(Lord_Chancellor)" title="William Hamilton (Lord Chancellor)">William Hamilton</a> (1305–1307)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Baldock" title="Ralph Baldock">Ralph Baldock</a> (1307)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Edward_II_of_England" title="Edward II of England">Edward II</a><br />(1307–1327)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Baldock" title="Ralph Baldock">Ralph Baldock</a> (1307)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Langton" title="John Langton">John Langton</a> (1307–1310)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Reynolds" title="Walter Reynolds">Walter Reynolds</a> (1310–1314)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sandale" title="John Sandale">John Sandale</a> (1314–1318)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hotham_(bishop)" title="John Hotham (bishop)">John Hotham</a> (1318–1320)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Salmon_(bishop)" title="John Salmon (bishop)">John Salmon</a> (1320–1323)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Baldock" title="Robert Baldock">Robert Baldock</a> (1323–1326)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ayermin" title="William Ayermin">William Ayermin</a> (1326–1327)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Edward_III_of_England" title="Edward III of England">Edward III</a><br />(1327–1377)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Hotham_(bishop)" title="John Hotham (bishop)">John Hotham</a> (1327–1328)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Burghersh" title="Henry Burghersh">Henry Burghersh</a> (1328–1330)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_de_Stratford" title="John de Stratford">John de Stratford</a> (1330–1334)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_de_Bury" title="Richard de Bury">Richard de Bury</a> (1334–1335)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_de_Stratford" title="John de Stratford">John de Stratford</a> (1335–1337)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Stratford" title="Robert de Stratford">Robert de Stratford</a> (1337–1338)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_de_Wentworth" title="Richard de Wentworth">Richard de Wentworth</a> (1338–1339)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_de_Stratford" title="John de Stratford">John de Stratford</a> (1340)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Stratford" title="Robert de Stratford">Robert de Stratford</a> (1340)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bourchier,_1st_Baron_Bourchier" title="Robert Bourchier, 1st Baron Bourchier">1st Baron Bourchier</a> (1340–1341)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Parning" title="Robert Parning">Robert Parning</a> (1341–1343)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Sadington" title="Robert Sadington">Robert Sadington</a> (1343–1345)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_de_Ufford" title="John de Ufford">John de Ufford</a> (1345–1349)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Thoresby" title="John of Thoresby">John of Thoresby</a> (1349–1356)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Edington" title="William Edington">William Edington</a> (1356–1363)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Langham" title="Simon Langham">Simon Langham</a> (1363–1367)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">William of Wykeham</a> (1367–1371)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Thorpe_(Lord_Chancellor)" title="Robert Thorpe (Lord Chancellor)">Robert Thorpe</a> (1371–1372)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Knyvet" title="John Knyvet">John Knyvet</a> (1372–1377)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Richard_II_of_England" title="Richard II of England">Richard II</a><br />(1377–1399)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Houghton" title="Adam Houghton">Adam Houghton</a> (1377–1378)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_le_Scrope,_1st_Baron_Scrope_of_Bolton" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard le Scrope, 1st Baron Scrope of Bolton">1st Baron Scrope of Bolton</a> (1378–1380)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Sudbury" title="Simon Sudbury">Simon Sudbury</a> (1380–1381)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Segrave" title="Hugh Segrave">Hugh Segrave</a> (1381)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Courtenay" title="William Courtenay">William Courtenay</a> (1381)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_le_Scrope,_1st_Baron_Scrope_of_Bolton" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard le Scrope, 1st Baron Scrope of Bolton">1st Baron Scrope of Bolton</a> (1381–1382)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Braybrooke" title="Robert Braybrooke">Robert Braybrooke</a> (1382–1383)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_de_la_Pole,_1st_Earl_of_Suffolk" title="Michael de la Pole, 1st Earl of Suffolk">1st Earl of Suffolk</a> (1383–1386)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Arundel" title="Thomas Arundel">Thomas Arundel</a> (1391–1396)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Stafford" title="Edmund Stafford">Edmund Stafford</a> (1396–1399)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Winchester_College" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Winchester_College" title="Template:Winchester College"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Winchester_College" title="Template talk:Winchester College"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Winchester_College" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Winchester College"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Winchester_College" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Winchester_College" title="Winchester College">Winchester College</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winchester_College_Chapel_Choir" title="Winchester College Chapel Choir">Chapel Choir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester_College_football" title="Winchester College football">Winchester College football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Winchester_College" title="History of Winchester College">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester_College_in_fiction" title="Winchester College in fiction">In fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notions_(Winchester_College)" title="Notions (Winchester College)">Notions</a></li> <li>Treasures <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Le_Morte_d%27Arthur#The_Winchester_Manuscript" title="Le Morte d'Arthur">Le Morte d'Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Oxyrhynchus_80" title="Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 80">Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 80</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Trusty_Servant" title="The Trusty Servant">The Trusty Servant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Buildings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Winchester_College" title="Architecture of Winchester College">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester_College_War_Cloister" title="Winchester College War Cloister">War Cloister</a></li></ul></li> <li>Grounds <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winchester_College_Ground" title="Winchester College Ground">Cricket ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Catherine%27s_Hill,_Hampshire" title="St Catherine's Hill, Hampshire">St Catherine's Hill</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_College,_Oxford" title="New College, Oxford">New College, Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_College_School" title="New College School">New College School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Old_Wykehamists" title="List of Old Wykehamists">Old Wykehamists</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">William of Wykeham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q723451#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q723451#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q723451#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000007105359X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/95890653">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/48576/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtMgYDXBx8JYd8ydQycfq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/120530457">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80004078">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb165525718">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb165525718">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071467548">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007364331005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500033976">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1530665">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd120530457.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/120530457">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/113487940">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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