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Cinema of Slovakia - Wikipedia
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1990s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_1990s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Questions_over_national_origin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Questions_over_national_origin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Questions over national origin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Questions_over_national_origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Notable films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Directors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Directors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Directors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Directors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Actors_and_actresses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Actors_and_actresses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Actors and actresses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Actors_and_actresses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header 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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cinema of Slovakia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cine_de_Eslovaquia" title="Cine de Eslovaquia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cine de Eslovaquia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="سینمای اسلواکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سینمای اسلواکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_slovaque" title="Cinéma slovaque – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cinéma slovaque" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szlov%C3%A1k_filmm%C5%B1v%C3%A9szet" title="Szlovák filmművészet – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szlovák filmművészet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinematografia_s%C5%82owacka" title="Kinematografia słowacka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kinematografia słowacka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%95%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%86%DA%A4%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="سینەمای سلۆڤاکیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سینەمای سلۆڤاکیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_%E1%BA%A3nh_Slovakia" title="Điện ảnh Slovakia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Điện ảnh Slovakia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1299265#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Cinema of Slovakia</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Slovakia_film_clapperboard.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Slovakia_film_clapperboard.svg/220px-Slovakia_film_clapperboard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Slovakia_film_clapperboard.svg/330px-Slovakia_film_clapperboard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Slovakia_film_clapperboard.svg/440px-Slovakia_film_clapperboard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> of <a href="/wiki/Projection_screen" title="Projection screen">screens</a></th><td class="infobox-data">209 (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-screens_uis_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-screens_uis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">4.2 per 100,000 (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-screens_uis_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-screens_uis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Main distributors</th><td class="infobox-data">Continental Film 32.0%<br />Tatrafilm 31.0%<br />Itafilm 11.0%<sup id="cite_ref-distributors_uis_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-distributors_uis-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Produced feature films (2015)<sup id="cite_ref-production_uis_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-production_uis-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fictional</th><td class="infobox-data">12 (46.2%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Animated</th><td class="infobox-data">3 (11.5%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Documentary</th><td class="infobox-data">11 (42.3%)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Number of admissions (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-adm_gross_uis_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adm_gross_uis-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total</th><td class="infobox-data">3,603,544</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">0.64 (2012)<sup id="cite_ref-ec_profiles_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ec_profiles-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">National films</th><td class="infobox-data">362,648 (10.1%)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Gross box office (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-adm_gross_uis_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adm_gross_uis-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total</th><td class="infobox-data">€17.3 million</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">National films</th><td class="infobox-data">€1.53 million (8.9%)</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:auto"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#ccccff;font-size:110%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cinema of Slovakia</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Slovakia_film_clapperboard.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Slovakia_film_clapperboard.svg/100px-Slovakia_film_clapperboard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Slovakia_film_clapperboard.svg/150px-Slovakia_film_clapperboard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Slovakia_film_clapperboard.svg/200px-Slovakia_film_clapperboard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Slovak_films" title="List of Slovak films">List of Slovak films</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Slovak_films#Before_1920" title="List of Slovak films">Before 1920</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Slovak_films#1920s" title="List of Slovak films">1920s</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Slovak_films#1930s" title="List of Slovak films">1930s</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Slovak_films#1940s" title="List of Slovak films">1940s</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Slovak_films#1950s" title="List of Slovak films">1950s</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Slovak_films#1960s" title="List of Slovak films">1960s</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Slovak_films#1970s" title="List of Slovak films">1970s</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Slovak_films#1980s" title="List of Slovak films">1980s</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Slovak_films#1990s" title="List of Slovak films">1990s</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Slovak_films_of_the_2000s" title="List of Slovak films of the 2000s">2000s</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Slovak_films_of_the_2010s" title="List of Slovak films of the 2010s">2010s</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Slovak_films_of_the_2020s" title="List of Slovak films of the 2020s">2020s</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Czech_films" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Czech films">List of Czech films</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Slovak_film_list" title="Template:Slovak film list"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Slovak_film_list" title="Template talk:Slovak film list"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Slovak_film_list" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Slovak film list"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>cinema of Slovakia</b> encompasses a range of themes and styles typical of European cinema. Yet there are a certain number of recurring themes that are visible in the majority of the important works. These include rural settings,<sup id="cite_ref-kinokultura.com_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kinokultura.com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> folk traditions, and carnival.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even in the field of experimental film-making, there is frequently a celebration of nature and tradition, as for example in <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Han%C3%A1k" title="Dušan Hanák">Dušan Hanák's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Pictures_of_the_Old_World" title="Pictures of the Old World">Pictures of the Old World</a></i> (<i>Obrazy starého sveta</i>, 1972). The same applies to blockbusters like <a href="/wiki/Juraj_Jakubisko" title="Juraj Jakubisko">Juraj Jakubisko's</a> <i>A Thousand-Year Old Bee</i> (<i>Tisícročná včela,</i> 1983).<sup id="cite_ref-Kevin_Brochet_1983_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kevin_Brochet_1983-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The percentage of comedies, adventures, musicals, sci-fi films and similar <a href="/wiki/Film_genre" title="Film genre">genres</a> has been low by comparison to <a href="/wiki/Drama_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Drama film">dramas</a> and historical films that used to include a notable subset of <a href="/wiki/Social_commentary" title="Social commentary">social commentaries</a> on events from the decade or two preceding the film. One of them, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1n_Kad%C3%A1r" title="Ján Kadár">Ján Kadár's</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elmar_Klos" title="Elmar Klos">Elmar Klos'</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Shop_on_Main_Street" title="The Shop on Main Street">The Shop on Main Street</a></i> (<i>Obchod na korze,</i> 1965),<sup id="cite_ref-Steven_Banovac_1965_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steven_Banovac_1965-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gave Slovak (as well as Czech and generally Czechoslovak) filmmaking its first <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Oscar</a>. Children's films were a perennial genre from the 1960s through the 1980s produced mainly as low-budget films by Slovak Television Bratislava. The themes of recent films have been mostly contemporary. </p><p>The center of Slovak filmmaking has been the Koliba studio<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (whose formal name changed several times) in <a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a>. Some films conceived at the <a href="/wiki/Barrandov_Studios" title="Barrandov Studios">Barrandov Studios</a> in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> have had Slovak themes, actors, directors, and occasionally language, while Prague-based filmmakers and actors have sometimes worked in Slovakia.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In line with <a href="/wiki/History_of_Slovakia" title="History of Slovakia">Slovak</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Hungary" title="History of Hungary">Hungarian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Czech_lands" title="History of the Czech lands">Czech</a> histories, their past sharing of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>, there is early overlap between Slovak and Hungarian film, and later between Slovak and <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Cinema of the Czech Republic">Czech film</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-archive.sensesofcinema.com_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archive.sensesofcinema.com-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some films are easily sorted out as one or the other, some films belong meaningfully to more than one national cinema. </p><p>Some 350 Slovak <a href="/wiki/Feature_film" title="Feature film">feature films</a> have been made in the history of Slovak cinema. It has produced some notable cinematic works that have been well received by critics, as well as some domestic blockbusters. In recent years, Slovak films have often been made by working (wholly or partly) with foreign production companies. Joint Slovak and Czech projects have been particularly common. The Slovak film industry has been dogged by lack of money intensified by the country's small audience (<a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Slovakia" title="Demographics of Slovakia">2.9–5.4 million inhabitants</a>), which translates to the films' limited potential for primary, domestic revenue. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Slovakia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_20th_century">Early 20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Slovakia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Janosik1921.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Janosik1921.jpg/220px-Janosik1921.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Janosik1921.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="241" /></a><figcaption>US Film company (defunct in 1922) poster</figcaption></figure> <p>A Slovak-themed drama, <i>Snowdrop from the Tatras</i> (<i>Sněženka z Tatier,</i> dir. Olaf Larus-Racek, 1919), about a maturing girl looking for her place in a city appeared within months of the creation of Czechoslovakia. The first Slovak full-length feature movie was Jaroslav Siakeľ's <i><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1no%C5%A1%C3%ADk_(1921_film)" title="Jánošík (1921 film)">Jánošík</a></i> in 1921. It placed Slovak filmmaking among the earlier 10 cinemas in the world to produce such a film.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other feature films were released early, but the absence of a permanent local studio and the competition from the emerging conglomerate of studios and distributors (AB Studio, later <a href="/wiki/Barrandov_Studios" title="Barrandov Studios">Barrandov</a>) in nearby Prague proved daunting. An early international recognition came from the International Venice Film Festival for Karol Plicka's <i>The Earth Sings</i> (<i>Zem spieva,</i> 1933).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Martin Frič's <i>Jánošík</i> of 1935 was released internationally, including in Italy and Germany, and was shown in Slovak-American communities until the 1950s. </p><p>The first Department of Film in Czechoslovakia (probably the third such department in Europe)<sup id="cite_ref-kinokultura.com_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kinokultura.com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was opened at the School of Industrial Arts in <a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a> in 1938, headed by Plicka and with the future <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Oscar</a>-winning director <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1n_Kad%C3%A1r" title="Ján Kadár">Ján Kadár</a> among the students,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it was closed after <a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovakia's independence</a> in 1939. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_1940s">The 1940s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Slovakia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The 1940s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">authorities</a> set up the short-film studio Nástup ("Muster"), the precursor of the Koliba Studio,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to produce newsreels during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, but it made no feature films during that period. Although with a substantial post-war makeover and change of name, the studio continued its production after <a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)#The_end" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Czechoslovakia was partly reconstituted</a> in 1945, and the feature film industry began to take off. During a brief period after the war, the Communists had not yet gained full control, allowing one or two interesting films to be made in the <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central European</a> countries, including Paľo Bielik's <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolves%27_Lairs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolves' Lairs (page does not exist)">Wolves' Lairs</a></i> (<i>Vlčie diery,</i> 1948) in Slovakia.<sup id="cite_ref-kinokultura.com_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kinokultura.com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Communist Party, which valued the propaganda potential of cinema, took power in Czechoslovakia in the <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_of_1948" class="mw-redirect" title="Czechoslovak coup d'état of 1948">coup d'état of 1948</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_1950s">The 1950s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Slovakia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The 1950s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Within a few years, film production was heavily controlled by the state and films were not allowed to undermine Stalinism. Psychologising was frowned upon and characters became cardboard cut-outs subservient to political ideals. A dominant feature of film poetics of this period was descriptive-symbolic stylization. Even the titles of films like <i>Dam</i> (<i>Priehrada,</i> Paľo Bielik, 1950), <i>Young Hearts</i> (<i>Mladé srdcia,</i> Václav Kubásek, 1952), and <i>Hamlets Have Started Off</i> (<i>Lazy sa pohli,</i> Paľo Bielik, 1952) were designed to represent social and societal change. The title of <i>The Struggle Will End Tomorrow</i> (<i>Boj sa skončí zajtra,</i> Miroslav Cikán, 1951) symbolized the irreversibility of what was shown to be the progress of the working class. The name of the leading character in <i>Kathy</i> (<i>Katka,</i> <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1n_Kad%C3%A1r" title="Ján Kadár">Ján Kadár</a>, 1949) was popular at the time, and so her "ascent" to an industrial laborer was laid out as a better future for thousands of young women.<sup id="cite_ref-Jelena_Paštéková_1955_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jelena_Paštéková_1955-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike their colleagues in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> and neighboring countries in the first years after the Communist takeovers, the Slovak directors of development were consistently unable to "meet the plan" outlined by the Communist Party and were unsuccessful in drafting the required number of socialist-realist projects,<sup id="cite_ref-Jelena_Paštéková_1955_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jelena_Paštéková_1955-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which affected the number of films passed for production although the money for them would have been made available by the authorities. Most of the resulting films were neither popular nor critically acclaimed. Exceptions among the former included Josef Mach's <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folkloric</a> musical <i>Native Country</i> (<i>Rodná zem,</i> 1953) with ticket sales, relative to population, among the highest in Slovak filmmaking. Across the Communist-ruled part of Central Europe, there was a recognition that for an active and popular film industry to exist, film-makers should be given more control of production. This process accelerated towards the end of the 1950s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_1960s">The 1960s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Slovakia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The 1960s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style> <p>According to a 1990s poll of film specialists,<sup id="cite_ref-Projekt_100_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Projekt_100-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> five of the ten best Slovak films were made in the 1960s. As in neighbouring countries, the early 1960s saw the fruition of the policy of relaxation, which mixed powerfully with external cinematic influences such as <a href="/wiki/Italian_Neorealism" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Neorealism">Italian Neorealism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/French_New_Wave" title="French New Wave">French New Wave</a> to produce Slovakia's first international film successes. Although there were isolated successful feature films from Slovakia leading up to the 1960s, the first Slovak film to make a well-marked international impact was not produced until 1962 — <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0tefan_Uher" title="Štefan Uher">Štefan Uher's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sun_in_a_Net" title="The Sun in a Net">The Sun in a Net</a></i> (<i>Slnko v sieti</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Alex_Golden_1963_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alex_Golden_1963-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is frequently thought of as an aesthetic precursor to the <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_New_Wave" title="Czechoslovak New Wave">Czechoslovak New Wave</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Reference_A_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reference_A-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which emerged over the following years. Its opaque symbolism and anti-propagandist themes caused it to be harshly criticized by the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Slovakia.<sup id="cite_ref-Jasmine_Pogue_1963_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jasmine_Pogue_1963-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another important work from this time was <a href="/wiki/Peter_Solan_(director)" title="Peter Solan (director)">Peter Solan</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boxer_and_Death" title="The Boxer and Death">The Boxer and Death</a></i> (<i>Boxer a smrť</i>, 1962), which was set in a <a href="/wiki/Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi">Nazi</a> concentration camp and directly tackled the Holocaust. <i>The Boxer and Death</i> was one of a series of Czechoslovak films from the 1960s that looked back at the moral dilemmas of ordinary people caught up in the Second World War and encouraged viewers to re-evaluate their responses to the war. Many of these films chose the Holocaust as their focus, and Slovak director <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1n_Kad%C3%A1r" title="Ján Kadár">Ján Kadár</a>, co-directing with frequent collaborator, Czech director <a href="/wiki/Elmar_Klos" title="Elmar Klos">Elmar Klos</a>, achieved a major international success in this genre with the Czech-produced, Slovak-language <i><a href="/wiki/The_Shop_on_Main_Street" title="The Shop on Main Street">The Shop on Main Street</a></i> (<i>Obchod na korze</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-Steven_Banovac_1965_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steven_Banovac_1965-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which won a Special Mention when it played at the <a href="/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival" title="Cannes Film Festival">Cannes Film Festival</a> in 1965 and went on to win the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Oscar</a> for Best Foreign-Language Film the following year. </p><p>The Czech feature <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cremator" title="The Cremator">The Cremator</a></i> (<i>Spalovač mrtvol</i>, 1968), Slovak-born <a href="/wiki/Juraj_Herz" title="Juraj Herz">Juraj Herz's</a> grotesque black comedy about the social context of the <a href="/wiki/Final_Solution" title="Final Solution">Final Solution</a>, is a cult film in both Czechia and Slovakia and has an increasing reputation internationally. Herz is a concentration camp survivor, but he never made a film directly addressing that experience.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second half of the decade saw the emergence of a new generation of directors. Three of their films were still ranked among the ten best Slovak films in a poll of film academics and critics in the late 1990s<sup id="cite_ref-Projekt_100_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Projekt_100-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that also listed <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sun_in_a_Net" title="The Sun in a Net">The Sun in a Net</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Shop_on_Main_Street" title="The Shop on Main Street">The Shop on Main Street</a>.</i> By comparison to earlier Slovak films, the three leaned towards avant-garde filmmaking and were consequently more successful in art houses than in wide release: <a href="/wiki/Juraj_Jakubisko" title="Juraj Jakubisko">Juraj Jakubisko's</a> two features <i>Deserters and Pilgrims</i> (<i>Zbehovia a pútnici,</i> 1968) and <i>Birdies, Orphans and Fools</i> (<i>Vtáčkovia, siroty a blázni,</i> 1969) and Dušan Hanák's <i>322</i> (the code for cancer in medical records of diseases, 1969). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_1970s">The 1970s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Slovakia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The 1970s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Prague_Spring" title="Prague Spring">Soviet-led invasion</a> of Czechoslovakia in 1968, firm government control was regained over the film industry. Almost all of the major Slovak directors initially found it more difficult to work. Dušan Hanák's acclaimed feature-length documentary <i>Pictures of the Old World</i> (<i>Obrazy starého sveta,</i> 1972) sought a possible refuge in a topic sufficiently removed from big politics to survive on the margins of official production and yet, executed with a finesse that gave it a wide international appeal. It visited remote, trapped places in order to meditate on what lies hidden beneath the concept of "an authentic life".<sup id="cite_ref-Reference_A_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reference_A-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An elegiac work whose images could apply to <a href="/wiki/Appalachia" title="Appalachia">Appalachia</a> or any other poor region,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Pictures of the Old World</i> still offended the authorities and the distribution was stopped two days after its limited release.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite the circumstances, only one film, Martin Hollý Jr.'s <i>Fever</i> (<i>Horúčka,</i> 1975),<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was produced to advance the Communist Party's coercively negative view of the unprecedented relaxation of communism in 1968. <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Han%C3%A1k" title="Dušan Hanák">Dušan Hanák</a> was able to make his poetically realistic <i><a href="/wiki/Rosy_Dreams" title="Rosy Dreams">Rosy Dreams</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Rosy_Dreams" title="Rosy Dreams">Ružové sny</a>,</i> 1976),<sup id="cite_ref-Anne_E._Kellogg_1976_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anne_E._Kellogg_1976-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the first <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central European</a> feature film with the <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Roma</a> at the core of the story and a singular creative achievement of the decade. Popular entertainment was briefly served by Martin Ťapák's <i>Pacho, the Highwayman of Hybe</i> (<i>Pacho, hybský zbojník,</i> 1976), a spoof on the legend of <a href="/wiki/Juraj_J%C3%A1no%C5%A1%C3%ADk" title="Juraj Jánošík">Jánošík</a> that had already appeared in several <a href="/wiki/Juraj_J%C3%A1no%C5%A1%C3%ADk#Jánošík_in_film" title="Juraj Jánošík">Slovak and Polish film versions</a>. Government control was generally greater in the Federal Capital of <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> than it was in <a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a>, Slovak Capital, so some directors from Prague made films in <a href="/wiki/Slovak_Socialist_Republic" title="Slovak Socialist Republic">Slovak part</a> of the federation to avoid restrictions on film-making in the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Socialist_Republic" title="Czech Socialist Republic">Czech part</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Juraj_Herz" title="Juraj Herz">Juraj Herz</a> (returning to his native country) and <a href="/wiki/Jan_%C5%A0vankmajer" title="Jan Švankmajer">Jan Švankmajer</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_1980s">The 1980s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Slovakia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The 1980s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The more relaxed conditions became apparent in the 1980s when Slovakia had perhaps its most successful film-making period, and acclaimed directors from the 1960s who had been able to make only short films (<a href="/wiki/Juraj_Jakubisko" title="Juraj Jakubisko">Juraj Jakubisko</a>) or only an occasional feature (<a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Han%C3%A1k" title="Dušan Hanák">Dušan Hanák</a>) returned with important and mature works. Highlights from this period include <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Han%C3%A1k" title="Dušan Hanák">Hanák's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/I_Love,_You_Love_(1989_film)" title="I Love, You Love (1989 film)">I Love, You Love</a></i> (<i>Ja milujem, ty miluješ</i>, 1989), Jakubisko's <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Thousand-Year_Old_Bee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Thousand-Year Old Bee (page does not exist)">A Thousand-Year Old Bee</a></i> (<i>Tisícročná včela</i>, 1983),<sup id="cite_ref-Kevin_Brochet_1983_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kevin_Brochet_1983-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0tefan_Uher" title="Štefan Uher">Uher's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/She_Grazed_Horses_on_Concrete" title="She Grazed Horses on Concrete">She Grazed Horses on Concrete</a>,</i> AKA <i>A Ticket to Heaven</i> (<i>Pásla kone na betóne</i>, 1982),<sup id="cite_ref-Kevin_Brochet_1982_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kevin_Brochet_1982-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Holl%C3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Hollý (page does not exist)">Martin Hollý's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Signum_Laudis" title="Signum Laudis">Signum Laudis</a></i> (1980), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoro_Z%C3%A1hon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zoro Záhon (page does not exist)">Zoro Záhon's</a> <i>The Assistant</i> (<i>Pomocník</i>, 1982) and <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Rapo%C5%A1" title="Dušan Rapoš">Dušan Rapoš's</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Fountain_for_Susan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Fountain for Susan (page does not exist)">A Fountain for Susan</a></i> (<i>Fontána pre Zuzanu</i>, 1986). This streak of successful film-making is all the more remarkable given that in other Communist countries the 1980s, especially the late '80s, were generally speaking a fallow time, particularly in the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_1990s">The 1990s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Slovakia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The 1990s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In contrast to the 1980s, the decade following 1990 was one of the worst in the history of Slovak cinema. Only a few full-length feature films were produced in this period (36 films with major Slovak participation between 1992 and 2002) and interest in domestic films practically vanished. The reasons for this were a desperate lack of money in Slovak culture as a result of the transformation of Slovakia's economy following the <a href="/wiki/Velvet_Revolution" title="Velvet Revolution">Velvet Revolution</a>, the decrease in potential audience by the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Dissolution of Czechoslovakia">split of Czechoslovakia</a> in 1993, and a sharp decrease in the previous high subsidies for culture and film provided by the Communist government. Ironically, the work of the only major Slovak director to emerge in this period, <a href="/wiki/Martin_%C5%A0ul%C3%ADk" title="Martin Šulík">Martin Šulík</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has been more popular internationally, and particularly in the Czech Republic and Poland, than in his native country. </p><p>Also, under Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Vladim%C3%ADr_Me%C4%8Diar" title="Vladimír Mečiar">Vladimír Mečiar</a>, the Koliba Film Studio was privatized in 1995 and within two years Mečiar's children are said to have held an 80% stake in the company. Allegations of <a href="/wiki/Asset_stripping" title="Asset stripping">asset stripping</a> and fraud dogged the company, and after Mečiar was voted out of office in 1998 the Ministry of Culture sued Koliba to recover money given to make feature films that were not produced, one of a number of suits launched by the post-Mečiar government in relation to companies that had been privatized by Mečiar. The legal action dragged on through the early 2000s and did nothing to clarify the position of Koliba, effectively prolonging the stagnation and leaving the studios dilapidated and in disrepair. </p><p>Nevertheless, the Slovak film industry did not completely grind to a halt and important post-Communist era films include Šulík's <i><a href="/wiki/Everything_I_Like" title="Everything I Like">Everything I Like</a></i> (<i>Všetko čo mam rád</i>, 1992),<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>The Garden</i> (<i>Záhrada</i>, 1995),<sup id="cite_ref-ce-review.org_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ce-review.org-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both lyrical films that depict tense father-son relationships, and Vlado Balco's <i>Rivers of Babylon</i> (1998),<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is sometimes interpreted as a critical allegory of Mečiar's rise to power. Juraj Jakubisko, working in Prague, made <i><a href="/wiki/An_ambiguous_report_about_the_end_of_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="An ambiguous report about the end of the world">An ambiguous report about the end of the world</a></i> (<i>Nejasná zpráva o konci světa</i>, 1997), at the time the most expensive film ever made in the Czech Republic. </p><p>The cinematographer <a href="/wiki/Martin_%C5%A0trba_(cinematographer)" title="Martin Štrba (cinematographer)">Martin Štrba</a> has also been highly successful in this period, being respected in both Czechia and Slovakia. He collaborates regularly with Martin Šulík and the Czech director <a href="/wiki/Vladim%C3%ADr_Mich%C3%A1lek" title="Vladimír Michálek">Vladimír Michálek</a> and has also worked with the Czech New Wave icon <a href="/wiki/V%C4%9Bra_Chytilov%C3%A1" title="Věra Chytilová">Věra Chytilová</a>. </p><p>In 1999, an international film festival was started in Bratislava in an attempt to foster a better environment for making feature films and larger appreciation among Slovak audiences. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Questions_over_national_origin">Questions over national origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Slovakia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Questions over national origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Given that in the periods from the invention of film in 1896 to 1938 and from 1945 to 1992 Slovakia did not exist as an independent country, there has been some controversy over the naming of certain films as specifically either Slovak or Czech. Although the Czech and Slovak halves of Czechoslovakia each had separate languages, they were close enough for film talent to move freely between the two republics. As a result, during the Czechoslovak period — and even after it — a number of Slovak directors made Czech-language films in Prague, including Juraj Herz and Juraj Jakubisko. </p><p>Particularly intense debate<sup id="cite_ref-archive.sensesofcinema.com_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archive.sensesofcinema.com-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> arose in the 1990s around the Oscar-winning <i><a href="/wiki/The_Shop_on_Main_Street" title="The Shop on Main Street">The Shop on Main Street</a></i>, which was jointly directed by one <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>-born Jewish Slovak director (Ján Kadár) and one Czech director (Elmar Klos), based on a short story written in Czech by Jewish Slovak author Ladislav Grosman,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> financed by the central authorities through the film's studio at Prague and shot on location in Slovakia in Slovak with Slovak actors. Czechs generally consider the film to be Czech (while they see the theme as Slovak) on the basis of the film's studio and the home of its directors; Slovaks generally consider the film to be Slovak on the basis of its language, themes, and filming locations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_films">Notable films</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Slovakia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notable films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bathory_poster.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Bathory_poster.JPG/220px-Bathory_poster.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Bathory_poster.JPG/330px-Bathory_poster.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Bathory_poster.JPG/440px-Bathory_poster.JPG 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Bathory_(film)" title="Bathory (film)">Bathory</a></i>, theatrical release poster, the most expensive Slovak film.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Soul_at_Peace" title="Soul at Peace">Soul at Peace</a></i> (<i>Pokoj v duši,</i> 2009, Vladimír Balko)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blind_Loves" title="Blind Loves">Blind Loves</a></i> (<i>Slepé lásky,</i> 2008, Juraj Lehotský)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bathory_(film)" title="Bathory (film)">Bathory</a></i> (<i>Bathory</i> 2008, <a href="/wiki/Juraj_Jakubisko" title="Juraj Jakubisko">Juraj Jakubisko</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Garden_(1995_film)" title="The Garden (1995 film)">The Garden</a></i> (<i>Záhrada,</i> 1995, <a href="/wiki/Martin_%C5%A0ul%C3%ADk" title="Martin Šulík">Martin Šulík</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-ce-review.org_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ce-review.org-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Paper Heads</i> (<i>Papierové hlavy,</i> 1995, <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Han%C3%A1k" title="Dušan Hanák">Dušan Hanák</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sitting_on_a_Branch,_Enjoying_Myself" title="Sitting on a Branch, Enjoying Myself">Sitting on a Branch, Enjoying Myself</a></i> (<i>Sedím na konári a je mi dobre,</i> 1989, <a href="/wiki/Juraj_Jakubisko" title="Juraj Jakubisko">Juraj Jakubisko</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Millennial_Bee" title="The Millennial Bee">The Millennial Bee</a></i> (<i>Tisícročná včela,</i> 1983, <a href="/wiki/Juraj_Jakubisko" title="Juraj Jakubisko">Juraj Jakubisko</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Kevin_Brochet_1983_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kevin_Brochet_1983-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/She_Grazed_Horses_on_Concrete" title="She Grazed Horses on Concrete">She Grazed Horses on Concrete</a></i> (<i>Pásla kone na betóne,</i> 1982, Štefan Uher)<sup id="cite_ref-Kevin_Brochet_1982_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kevin_Brochet_1982-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Night_Riders_(1981_film)" title="Night Riders (1981 film)">Night Riders</a></i> (<i>Noční jazdci,</i> 1981, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Holl%C3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Hollý (page does not exist)">Martin Hollý</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Love,_You_Love_(1989_film)" title="I Love, You Love (1989 film)">I Love, You Love</a></i> (<i>Ja milujem, ty miluješ,</i> 1980/1988, Dušan Hanák)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rosy_Dreams" title="Rosy Dreams">Rosy Dreams</a></i> (<i>Ružové sny,</i> 1977, Dušan Hanák)<sup id="cite_ref-Anne_E._Kellogg_1976_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anne_E._Kellogg_1976-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pictures_of_the_Old_World" title="Pictures of the Old World">Pictures of the Old World</a></i> (<i>Obrazy starého sveta,</i> 1972, Dušan Hanák)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eden_and_After" title="Eden and After">Eden and After</a></i> (<i>Eden a potom, L'Eden et après,</i> 1970, <a href="/wiki/Alain_Robbe-Grillet" title="Alain Robbe-Grillet">Alain Robbe-Grillet</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Birds,_Orphans_and_Fools" title="Birds, Orphans and Fools">Birds, Orphans and Fools</a></i> (<i>Vtáčkovia, siroty a blázni,</i> 1969, <a href="/wiki/Juraj_Jakubisko" title="Juraj Jakubisko">Juraj Jakubisko</a>)</li> <li>322 (<i>322,</i> 1969, Dušan Hanák)</li> <li><i>Deserters and Pilgrims</i> (AKA T<i>he Deserters and the Nomads</i>; <i>Zbehovia a pútnici,</i> 1968, <a href="/wiki/Juraj_Jakubisko" title="Juraj Jakubisko">Juraj Jakubisko</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Shop_on_Main_Street" title="The Shop on Main Street">The Shop on Main Street</a></i> (<i>Obchod na korze,</i> 1965, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1n_Kad%C3%A1r" title="Ján Kadár">Ján Kadár</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elmar_Klos" title="Elmar Klos">Elmar Klos</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Steven_Banovac_1965_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steven_Banovac_1965-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sun_in_a_Net" title="The Sun in a Net">The Sun in a Net</a></i> (<i>Slnko v sieti,</i> 1963, Štefan Uher)<sup id="cite_ref-Alex_Golden_1963_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alex_Golden_1963-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jasmine_Pogue_1963_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jasmine_Pogue_1963-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Wolves' Lairs</i> (<i>Vlčie diery,</i> 1948, Paľo Bielik)</li> <li><i>The Earth Sings</i> (<i>Zem spieva,</i> 1933, Karol Plicka)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1no%C5%A1%C3%ADk_(1921_film)" title="Jánošík (1921 film)">Jánošík</a></i> (1921, Jaroslav Jerry Siakeľ)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Directors">Directors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Slovakia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Directors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Slovak_film_directors" title="List of Slovak film directors">List of Slovak film directors</a></div> <table> <tbody><tr> <td> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vlado_Bahna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vlado Bahna (page does not exist)">Vlado Bahna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavol_Barab%C3%A1%C5%A1" title="Pavol Barabáš">Pavol Barabáš</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanislav_Barab%C3%A1%C5%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanislav Barabáš (page does not exist)">Stanislav Barabáš</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa%C4%BEo_Bielik" title="Paľo Bielik">Paľo Bielik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eva_Boru%C5%A1ovi%C4%8Dov%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eva Borušovičová (page does not exist)">Eva Borušovičová</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eduard_Gre%C4%8Dner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eduard Grečner (page does not exist)">Eduard Grečner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Han%C3%A1k" title="Dušan Hanák">Dušan Hanák</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elo_Havetta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elo Havetta (page does not exist)">Elo Havetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juraj_Herz" title="Juraj Herz">Juraj Herz</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Holl%C3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Hollý (page does not exist)">Martin Hollý</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juraj_Jakubisko" title="Juraj Jakubisko">Juraj Jakubisko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1n_Kad%C3%A1r" title="Ján Kadár">Ján Kadár</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otakar_Kriv%C3%A1nek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otakar Krivánek (page does not exist)">Otakar Krivánek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Kubal" title="Viktor Kubal">Viktor Kubal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leopold_Lahola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leopold Lahola (page does not exist)">Leopold Lahola</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrej_Lettrich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrej Lettrich (page does not exist)">Andrej Lettrich</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miroslav_Luther&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miroslav Luther (page does not exist)">Miroslav Luther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juraj_Nvota" title="Juraj Nvota">Juraj Nvota</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stanislav_P%C3%A1rnick%C3%BD" title="Stanislav Párnický">Stanislav Párnický</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Solan_(director)" title="Peter Solan (director)">Peter Solan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_%C5%A0ul%C3%ADk" title="Martin Šulík">Martin Šulík</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0tefan_Semjan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Štefan Semjan (page does not exist)">Štefan Semjan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0tefan_Uher" title="Štefan Uher">Štefan Uher</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_%C5%A4ap%C3%A1k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Ťapák (page does not exist)">Martin Ťapák</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Tran%C4%8D%C3%ADk" title="Dušan Trančík">Dušan Trančík</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jozef_Zachar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jozef Zachar (page does not exist)">Jozef Zachar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%A1n_Zeman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ján Zeman (page does not exist)">Ján Zeman</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Actors_and_actresses">Actors and actresses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Slovakia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Actors and actresses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michal_Do%C4%8Dolomansk%C3%BD" title="Michal Dočolomanský">Michal Dočolomanský</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janko_Kroner" title="Janko Kroner">Janko Kroner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jozef_Kroner" title="Jozef Kroner">Jozef Kroner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari%C3%A1n_Labuda" title="Marián Labuda">Marián Labuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatiana_Pauhofov%C3%A1" title="Tatiana Pauhofová">Tatiana Pauhofová</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Em%C3%ADlia_V%C3%A1%C5%A1%C3%A1ryov%C3%A1" title="Emília Vášáryová">Emília Vášáryová</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdal%C3%A9na_V%C3%A1%C5%A1%C3%A1ryov%C3%A1" title="Magdaléna Vášáryová">Magdaléna Vášáryová</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Slovakia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of the world">Cinema of the world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Slovak_films" title="List of Slovak films">List of Slovak films</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Slovakia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPassekZaoralová1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Loup_Passek" title="Jean-Loup Passek">Passek, Jean-Loup</a>; Zaoralová, Eva, eds. (1996). <i>Le cinéma tchèque et slovaque</i>. Paris: Centre national d'art et de culture Georges Pompidou. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782858508921" title="Special:BookSources/9782858508921"><bdi>9782858508921</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/415079480">415079480</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+cin%C3%A9ma+tch%C3%A8que+et+slovaque&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Centre+national+d%27art+et+de+culture+Georges+Pompidou&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F415079480&rft.isbn=9782858508921&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Slovakia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Slovakia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-screens_uis-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-screens_uis_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-screens_uis_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225516/http://data.uis.unesco.org/?ReportId=5542">"Table 8: Cinema Infrastructure - Capacity"</a>. UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=5542">the original</a> on 24 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Table+8%3A+Cinema+Infrastructure+-+Capacity&rft.pub=UNESCO+Institute+for+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstats.uis.unesco.org%2Funesco%2FTableViewer%2FtableView.aspx%3FReportId%3D5542&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Slovakia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-distributors_uis-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-distributors_uis_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225508/http://data.uis.unesco.org/">"Table 6: Share of Top 3 distributors (Excel)"</a>. UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/ReportFolders/reportFolders.aspx">the original</a> on 24 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Table+6%3A+Share+of+Top+3+distributors+%28Excel%29&rft.pub=UNESCO+Institute+for+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstats.uis.unesco.org%2Funesco%2FReportFolders%2FreportFolders.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Slovakia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-production_uis-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-production_uis_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225519/http://data.uis.unesco.org/?ReportId=5545">"Table 1: Feature Film Production - Genre/Method of Shooting"</a>. UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=5545">the original</a> on 24 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Table+1%3A+Feature+Film+Production+-+Genre%2FMethod+of+Shooting&rft.pub=UNESCO+Institute+for+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstats.uis.unesco.org%2Funesco%2FTableViewer%2FtableView.aspx%3FReportId%3D5545&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Slovakia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ec_profiles-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ec_profiles_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131109234823/http://www.europa-cinemas.org/en/Resources/Country-Profiles">"Country Profiles"</a>. Europa Cinemas. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europa-cinemas.org/en/Resources/Country-Profiles">the original</a> on 9 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Country+Profiles&rft.pub=Europa+Cinemas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europa-cinemas.org%2Fen%2FResources%2FCountry-Profiles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Slovakia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-adm_gross_uis-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-adm_gross_uis_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adm_gross_uis_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225511/http://data.uis.unesco.org/?ReportId=5538">"Table 11: Exhibition - Admissions & Gross Box Office (GBO)"</a>. UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=5538">the original</a> on 24 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Table+11%3A+Exhibition+-+Admissions+%26+Gross+Box+Office+%28GBO%29&rft.pub=UNESCO+Institute+for+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstats.uis.unesco.org%2Funesco%2FTableViewer%2FtableView.aspx%3FReportId%3D5538&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Slovakia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kinokultura.com-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kinokultura.com_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kinokultura.com_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kinokultura.com_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kinokultura.com/specials/3/votruba.shtml#cz1918">"Martin Votruba, "Historical and Cultural Background of Slovak Filmmaking."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Kinokultura.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-04-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Martin+Votruba%2C+%22Historical+and+Cultural+Background+of+Slovak+Filmmaking.%22&rft.pub=Kinokultura.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kinokultura.com%2Fspecials%2F3%2Fvotruba.shtml%23cz1918&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Slovakia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kinokultura.com/specials/3/slavnost.shtml">"Jana Dudková, "Elo Havetta: <i>The Gala in the Botanical Garden</i> (<i>Slávnosť v botanickej záhrade</i>), 1968."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Kinokultura.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-04-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jana+Dudkov%C3%A1%2C+%22Elo+Havetta%3A+The+Gala+in+the+Botanical+Garden+%28Sl%C3%A1vnos%C5%A5+v+botanickej+z%C3%A1hrade%29%2C+1968.%22&rft.pub=Kinokultura.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kinokultura.com%2Fspecials%2F3%2Fslavnost.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Slovakia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kevin_Brochet_1983-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kevin_Brochet_1983_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kevin_Brochet_1983_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kevin_Brochet_1983_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kinokultura.com/specials/3/vcela-bro.shtml">"Kevin Brochet, "Juraj Jakubisko: <i>A Thousand-Year Old Bee (Tisícročná včela)</i> 1983."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Kinokultura.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-04-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kevin+Brochet%2C+%22Juraj+Jakubisko%3A+A+Thousand-Year+Old+Bee+%28Tis%C3%ADcro%C4%8Dn%C3%A1+v%C4%8Dela%29+1983.%22&rft.pub=Kinokultura.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kinokultura.com%2Fspecials%2F3%2Fvcela-bro.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Slovakia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Steven_Banovac_1965-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Steven_Banovac_1965_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Steven_Banovac_1965_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Steven_Banovac_1965_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kinokultura.com/specials/3/obchod.shtml">"Steven Banovac, "Ján Kadár and Elmar Klos: <i>The Shop on Main Street (Obchod na korze)</i> 1965."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Kinokultura.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-04-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steven+Banovac%2C+%22J%C3%A1n+Kad%C3%A1r+and+Elmar+Klos%3A+The+Shop+on+Main+Street+%28Obchod+na+korze%29+1965.%22&rft.pub=Kinokultura.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kinokultura.com%2Fspecials%2F3%2Fobchod.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Slovakia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mapy.zoznam.sk/index.pl?zoom=9&pos_x=-573882&pos_y=-1277770&size=small&lang=sk&sipka=1&name=Bre%E8tanov%E1%2C%20Bratislava">"Koliba, Bratislava"</a>. Mapy.zoznam.sk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-04-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Koliba%2C+Bratislava&rft.pub=Mapy.zoznam.sk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmapy.zoznam.sk%2Findex.pl%3Fzoom%3D9%26pos_x%3D-573882%26pos_y%3D-1277770%26size%3Dsmall%26lang%3Dsk%26sipka%3D1%26name%3DBre%25E8tanov%25E1%252C%2520Bratislava&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Slovakia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kinokultura.com/specials/3/macek.shtml">"Václav Macek, "From Czechoslovak to Slovak and Czech Film."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Kinokultura.com. 1968-08-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-04-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=V%C3%A1clav+Macek%2C+%22From+Czechoslovak+to+Slovak+and+Czech+Film.%22&rft.pub=Kinokultura.com&rft.date=1968-08-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kinokultura.com%2Fspecials%2F3%2Fmacek.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Slovakia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-archive.sensesofcinema.com-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-archive.sensesofcinema.com_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-archive.sensesofcinema.com_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101225163927/http://archive.sensesofcinema.com/contents/00/11/shop.html">"Andrew James Horton, "Just Who Owns the Shop? — Identity and nationality in <i>Obchod na korze.</i>""</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.sensesofcinema.com/contents/00/11/shop.html">the original</a> on 2010-12-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-01-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Andrew+James+Horton%2C+%22Just+Who+Owns+the+Shop%3F+%E2%80%94+Identity+and+nationality+in+Obchod+na+korze.%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.sensesofcinema.com%2Fcontents%2F00%2F11%2Fshop.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Slovakia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sources sometimes mention its presumed listing by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> as world cultural heritage, but <i>Jánošík</i> is not included on the lists of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=2187&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html">Tangible Heritage</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=2225&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html">Intangible Heritage</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080815163533/http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=2225&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html">Archived</a> 2008-08-15 at <a href="/wiki/Archive-It" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive-It">Archive-It</a>, or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/">World Heritage</a> maintained by UNESCO.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sources sometimes speak of specific prizes for this and the other two Czechoslovak films at the festival, but the recognition actually was a joint honorable mention for the collection of films from Czechoslovakia at the festival which was then called <i>Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte Cinematografica.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.labiennale.org/en/cinema/history/">"History." <i>La Biennale di Venezia.</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170517060515/http://www.labiennale.org/en/cinema/history/">Archived</a> 2017-05-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barbara Pearce Johnson, et al. <i>Dialogue on Film: Kadar Study Guide.</i> 1979.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mapy.zoznam.sk/index.pl?zoom=9&pos_x=-573882&pos_y=-1277770&size=small&lang=sk&sipka=1&name=Bre%E8tanov%E1%2C%20Bratislava">"Brečtanová, Bratislava - vyhľadávanie na mape | Mapa.sk"</a>. Mapy.zoznam.sk<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pitt.edu/~votruba/sstopics/movieclips/theshoponmainstreetwriteup.html">the original</a> on 2016-01-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-06-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slovak+Studies+Program&rft.atitle=The+Shop+on+Main+Street&rft.aulast=Votruba&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pitt.edu%2F~votruba%2Fsstopics%2Fmovieclips%2Ftheshoponmainstreetwriteup.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Slovakia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kinokultura.com/specials/3/papierove.shtml">"Kevin Brochet, "Dušan Hanák: <i>Paper Heads (Papierové hlavy)</i> 1995."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Kinokultura.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-04-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kevin+Brochet%2C+%22Du%C5%A1an+Han%C3%A1k%3A+Paper+Heads+%28Papierov%C3%A9+hlavy%29+1995.%22&rft.pub=Kinokultura.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kinokultura.com%2Fspecials%2F3%2Fpapierove.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Slovakia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130530181234/http://www.ce-review.org/kinoeye/kinoeye11old.html">"Andrew James Horton, "Juraj Jakubisko's <i>Sedim na konari a je mi dobre.</i>""</a>. Ce-review.org. 1998-12-07. Archived from the original on 2013-05-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-04-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Andrew+James+Horton%2C+%22Juraj+Jakubisko%27s+Sedim+na+konari+a+je+mi+dobre.%22&rft.pub=Ce-review.org&rft.date=1998-12-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ce-review.org%2Fkinoeye%2Fkinoeye11old.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Slovakia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Slovakia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfu.sk/">Slovak Film Institute</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140820165645/http://sfd.sfu.sk/index.php?&jazyk=1">Slovak Movie Database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kinokultura.com/specials/3/slovak.shtml">Martin Votruba, ed. <i>KinoKultura, Special Issue 3: Slovak Cinema.</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iffbratislava.sk/">International Film Festival Bratislava</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artfilmfest.sk">Art Film Fest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tren%C4%8Dianske_Teplice" title="Trenčianske Teplice">Trenčianske Teplice</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfhf.sk/">International Festival of Mountain Films</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poprad" title="Poprad">Poprad</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cinemaview.sk">CinemaView.sk</a>, popular Slovak film magazine</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pitt.edu/~votruba/sstopics/slovakfilmcliplist.html">Slovak Film Summaries and Clips</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210619131159/https://www.pitt.edu/~votruba/sstopics/slovakfilmcliplist.html">Archived</a> 2021-06-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Slovak Studies Program, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh" title="University of Pittsburgh">University of Pittsburgh</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moviemania.sk/">MovieMania - World of Films for you</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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.nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Slovakia_articles423" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Slovakia_topics" title="Template:Slovakia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Slovakia_topics" title="Template talk:Slovakia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Slovakia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Slovakia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Slovakia_articles423" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Slovakia" title="History of Slovakia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia_in_the_Roman_era" title="Slovakia in the Roman era">Roman era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pannonia_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pannonia (Roman province)">Pannonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Limes" title="Pannonian Limes">Pannonian Limes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danubian_Limes" title="Danubian Limes">Danubian Limes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tren%C4%8D%C3%ADn" title="Trenčín">Laugaricio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerulata" title="Gerulata">Gerulata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celemantia" title="Celemantia">Celemantia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Medieval Slavic states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Slavs" title="West Slavs">West Slavs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samo%27s_Empire" title="Samo's Empire">Samo's Empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samo" title="Samo">Samo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Nitra" title="Principality of Nitra">Principality of Nitra</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pribina" title="Pribina">Pribina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Moravia" title="Great Moravia">Great Moravia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Mojm%C3%ADr" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Mojmír">House of Mojmír</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svatopluk_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Svatopluk I">Svatopluk the Great</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaton_Principality" class="mw-redirect" title="Balaton Principality">Balaton Principality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg monarchy</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Hungary" title="Principality of Hungary">Principality of Hungary</a> (895–1000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1000%E2%80%931301)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)">High Medieval Kingdom of Hungary</a> (1000–1301)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_III_Cs%C3%A1k" title="Matthew III Csák">Matthew III Csák</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1301%E2%80%931526)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526)">Late Medieval Kingdom of Hungary</a> (1301–1526)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moh%C3%A1cs" title="Battle of Mohács">Battle of Mohács</a> (1526)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Hungary" title="Ottoman Hungary">Ottoman Hungary</a> (1541–1699)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budin_Eyalet" title="Budin Eyalet">Province of Budin</a> (1541–1686)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Transylvania_(1570%E2%80%931711)" title="Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)">Principality of Transylvania</a> (1570–1711)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a> (1804–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a> (1526–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austro-Hungarian Empire</a> (1867–1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Hungary" title="Upper Hungary">Upper Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Uprising_1848%E2%80%9349" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovak Uprising 1848–49">Slovak Uprising</a> (1848–1849) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Council_(1848%E2%80%9349)" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovak National Council (1848–49)">Slovak National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demands_of_the_Slovak_Nation" title="Demands of the Slovak Nation">Demands of the Slovak Nation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Czechoslovakia" title="History of Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_declaration_of_independence" title="Czechoslovak declaration of independence">Washington Declaration</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Czechoslovak_Republic" title="First Czechoslovak Republic">First Czechoslovak Republic</a> (1918–1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Soviet_Republic" title="Slovak Soviet Republic">Slovak Soviet Republic</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_Agreement" title="Munich Agreement">Munich Betrayal</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Czechoslovak_Republic" title="Second Czechoslovak Republic">Second Czechoslovak Republic</a> (1938–1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Land_of_Slovakia" title="Autonomous Land of Slovakia">Autonomous Land of Slovakia</a> (1938–1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">Occupation of Czechoslovakia</a> (1938–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_government-in-exile" title="Czechoslovak government-in-exile">Czechoslovak government-in-exile</a> (1939–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">(First) Slovak Republic</a> (1939–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Uprising" title="Slovak National Uprising">Slovak National Uprising</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Curtain" title="Iron Curtain">Iron Curtain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Czechoslovak_Republic" title="Third Czechoslovak Republic">Third Czechoslovak Republic</a> (1945–1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Czechoslovak_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état">Czechoslovak coup d'état</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Socialist_Republic" title="Czechoslovak Socialist Republic">Fourth Czechoslovak Republic</a> (1948–1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Socialist_Republic" title="Czechoslovak Socialist Republic">Czechoslovak Socialist Republic</a> (1960–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_Spring" title="Prague Spring">Prague Spring</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia">Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Socialist_Republic_(1969%E2%80%931990)/Slovak_Republic_(1990%E2%80%931992)" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovak Socialist Republic (1969–1990)/Slovak Republic (1990–1992)">Slovak Socialist Republic</a> (1969–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velvet_Revolution" title="Velvet Revolution">Velvet Revolution</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_and_Slovak_Federative_Republic" title="Czech and Slovak Federative Republic">Czech and Slovak Federative Republic</a> (1990–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Socialist_Republic_(1969%E2%80%931990)/Slovak_Republic_(1990%E2%80%931992)" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovak Socialist Republic (1969–1990)/Slovak Republic (1990–1992)">Slovak Republic</a> (1990–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Dissolution of Czechoslovakia">Velvet Divorce</a> (1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Coat_of_arms_of_Slovakia.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Coat_of_arms_of_Slovakia.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/Districts_of_Slovakia" title="Districts of Slovakia">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Slovakia" title="List of islands of Slovakia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_and_towns_in_Slovakia" title="List of municipalities and towns in Slovakia">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Slovakia" title="List of national parks of Slovakia">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Slovakia" title="Protected areas of Slovakia">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Slovakia" title="Regions of Slovakia">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Slovakia" title="List of rivers of Slovakia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourism_regions_of_Slovakia" title="List of tourism regions of Slovakia">Tourism regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_traditional_regions_of_Slovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of traditional regions of Slovakia">Traditional regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Biota_of_Slovakia" title="Category:Biota of Slovakia">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Slovakia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Slovakia">World Heritage Sites (UNESCO)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Slovakia" title="Politics of Slovakia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Slovakia" title="National symbols of Slovakia">National symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nad_Tatrou_sa_bl%C3%BDska" title="Nad Tatrou sa blýska">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Slovakia" title="Coat of arms of Slovakia">Coat of arms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchal_cross" title="Patriarchal cross">Patriarchal cross</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Slovakia" title="Flag of Slovakia">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seal_of_Slovakia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seal of Slovakia (page does not exist)">Seal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Slovakia" title="Constitution of Slovakia">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Slovakia" title="Elections in Slovakia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Slovakia" title="Foreign relations of Slovakia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Slovakia" title="Government of Slovakia">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_in_the_World" title="Freedom in the World">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Slovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Slovakia">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Slovakia" title="Law enforcement in Slovakia">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Slovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Slovakia">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Slovakia)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Council (Slovakia)">National Council <span style="font-size:85%;">(parliament)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Slovakia" title="List of political parties in Slovakia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Slovakia" title="President of Slovakia">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Slovakia" title="Prime Minister of Slovakia">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Slovakia" title="Referendums in Slovakia">Referendums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Government_Flying_Service" title="Slovak Government Flying Service">Slovak Government Flying Service</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Slovakia" title="Economy of Slovakia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Slovakia" title="List of banks in Slovakia">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Slovakia" title="National Bank of Slovakia">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Slovakia" title="Energy in Slovakia">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatization_in_Slovakia" title="Privatization in Slovakia">Privatisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bratislava_Stock_Exchange" title="Bratislava Stock Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tatra_Tiger" title="Tatra Tiger">Tatra Tiger</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Slovakia" title="Telecommunications in Slovakia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Slovakia" title="Tourism in Slovakia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Slovakia" title="Transport in Slovakia">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Slovakia" title="Rail transport in Slovakia">Rail</a></li></ul></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Slovakia" title="Category:Society of Slovakia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Slovakia" title="Crime in Slovakia">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_mafia" title="Slovak mafia">Mafia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Slovakia" title="Demographics of Slovakia">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slovaks" title="Slovaks">Slovaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Slovaks" title="List of Slovaks">List of Slovaks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Slovakia" title="Education in Slovakia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Slovakia" title="Healthcare in Slovakia">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_identity_card" title="Slovak identity card">Identity card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_passport" title="Slovak passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Slovakia" title="Public holidays in Slovakia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remembrance_days_in_Slovakia" title="Remembrance days in Slovakia">Remembrance days</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Slovakia" title="Culture of Slovakia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Slovakia" title="Architecture of Slovakia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_cuisine" title="Slovak cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Slovakia" title="Beer in Slovakia">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_wine" title="Slovak wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_literature" title="Slovak literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Slovakia" title="Music of Slovakia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Slovakia" title="Religion in Slovakia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepherd%27s_axe" title="Shepherd's axe">Shepherd's axe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Slovakia" title="Sport in Slovakia">Sport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Slovakia" title="Mass media in Slovakia">Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Slovakia" title="List of newspapers in Slovakia">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Slovakia" title="List of radio stations in Slovakia">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Slovakia" title="Television in Slovakia">Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Slovakia" title="Outline of Slovakia">Outline</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Slovakia" title="Category:Slovakia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Slovakia" title="Portal:Slovakia">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_cinema464" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_cinema" title="Template:World cinema"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_cinema" title="Template talk:World cinema"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_cinema" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World cinema"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_cinema464" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_cinema" title="World cinema">World cinema</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_cinema" title="National cinema">National cinema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Africa" title="Cinema of Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Algeria" title="Cinema of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Egypt" title="Cinema of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Libya" title="Cinema of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Morocco" title="Cinema of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Tunisia" title="Cinema of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Djibouti" title="Cinema of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Eritrea" title="Cinema of Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ethiopia" title="Cinema of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kenya" title="Cinema of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Madagascar" title="Cinema of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Mauritius" title="Cinema of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Somalia" title="Cinema of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_South_Sudan" title="Cinema of South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Sudan" title="Cinema of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Tanzania" title="Cinema of Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Uganda" title="Cinema of Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Zambia" title="Cinema of Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Zimbabwe" title="Cinema of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Benin" title="Cinema of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Burkina_Faso" title="Cinema of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cape_Verde" title="Cinema of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ghana" title="Cinema of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Liberia" title="Cinema of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Niger" title="Cinema of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Nigeria" title="Cinema of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Senegal" title="Cinema of Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Togo" title="Cinema of Togo">Togo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Angola" title="Cinema of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cameroon" title="Cinema of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Cinema of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Chad" title="Cinema of Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Cinema of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo DR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Gabon" title="Cinema of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Cinema of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Botswana" title="Cinema of Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Namibia" title="Cinema of Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_South_Africa" title="Cinema of South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Asia" title="Cinema of Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cinema">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_China" title="Cinema of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Hong_Kong" title="Cinema of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Japan" title="Cinema of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Korea" title="Cinema of Korea">Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_North_Korea" title="Cinema of North Korea">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_South_Korea" title="Cinema of South Korea">South</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Mongolia" title="Cinema of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Taiwan" title="Cinema of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_cinema" title="South Asian cinema">Southern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bangladesh" title="Cinema of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bhutan" title="Cinema of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_India" title="Cinema of India">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_cinema" title="Assamese cinema">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_cinema,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali cinema, India">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_cinema" title="Bhojpuri cinema">Bhojpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarhi_cinema" title="Chhattisgarhi cinema">Chhattisgarhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deccani_film_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Deccani film industry">Deccani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_cinema" title="Dogri cinema">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_cinema" title="Gujarati cinema">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryanvi_cinema" title="Haryanvi cinema">Haryanvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi_cinema" title="Hindi cinema">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_cinema" title="Kannada cinema">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_cinema" title="Kashmiri cinema">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasi_cinema" title="Khasi cinema">Khasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkani_cinema" title="Konkani cinema">Konkani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_cinema" title="Malayalam cinema">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_cinema" title="Meitei cinema">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_cinema" title="Marathi cinema">Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Odisha" title="Cinema of Odisha">Oriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_cinema" title="Punjabi cinema">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Rajasthan" title="Cinema of Rajasthan">Rajasthani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_cinema" title="Sanskrit cinema">Sanskrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_cinema" title="Tamil cinema">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_cinema" title="Telugu cinema">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulu_cinema" title="Tulu cinema">Tulu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Nepal" title="Cinema of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Pakistan" title="Cinema of Pakistan">Pakistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lollywood" title="Lollywood">Lollywood</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Cinema of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_cinema" title="Southeast Asian cinema">Southeastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Burma">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cambodia" title="Cinema of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Indonesia" title="Cinema of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Laos" title="Cinema of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Malaysia" title="Cinema of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Philippines" title="Cinema of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Singapore" title="Cinema of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Thailand" title="Cinema of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Vietnam" title="Cinema of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Central_Asia" title="Cinema of Central Asia">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Afghanistan" title="Cinema of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kazakhstan" title="Cinema of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Cinema of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Tajikistan" title="Cinema of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Turkmenistan" title="Cinema of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Uzbekistan" title="Cinema of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_West_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of West Asia">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Armenia" title="Cinema of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Azerbaijan" title="Cinema of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bahrain" title="Cinema of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cyprus" title="Cinema of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Egypt" title="Cinema of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Georgia" title="Cinema of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iran" title="Cinema of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iraq" title="Cinema of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Israel" title="Cinema of Israel">Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish cinema">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Jordan" title="Cinema of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kuwait" title="Cinema of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Lebanon" title="Cinema of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Oman" title="Cinema of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Palestine" title="Cinema of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Qatar" title="Cinema of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Cinema of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Syria" title="Cinema of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Turkey" title="Cinema of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Cinema of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Yemen" title="Cinema of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Russia" title="Cinema of Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Russian_Empire" title="Cinema of the Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Cinema of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Europe" title="Cinema of Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Belarus" title="Cinema of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bulgaria" title="Cinema of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Cinema of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Hungary" title="Cinema of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Moldova" title="Cinema of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Poland" title="Cinema of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Romania" title="Cinema of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Russia" title="Cinema of Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Russian_Empire" title="Cinema of the Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Cinema of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ukraine" title="Cinema of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Denmark" title="Cinema of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Estonia" title="Cinema of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Cinema of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Finland" title="Cinema of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iceland" title="Cinema of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ireland" title="Cinema of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Latvia" title="Cinema of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Lithuania" title="Cinema of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Norway" title="Cinema of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Sweden" title="Cinema of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cinema of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Cinema of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Scotland" title="Cinema of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Wales" title="Cinema of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Albania" title="Cinema of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_films" title="List of Bosnia and Herzegovina films">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Croatia" title="Cinema of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cyprus" title="Cinema of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Greece" title="Cinema of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Italy" title="Cinema of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kosovo" title="Cinema of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Maltese_films" title="List of Maltese films">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_North_Macedonia" title="Cinema of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Portugal" title="Cinema of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Serbia" title="Cinema of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Turkey" title="Cinema of Turkey">Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Yugoslavia" title="Cinema of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Spain" title="Cinema of Spain">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan cinema">Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Galicia" title="Cinema of Galicia">Galicia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Austria" title="Cinema of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Belgium" title="Cinema of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_France" title="Cinema of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Germany" title="Cinema of Germany">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish-German_cinema" title="Turkish-German cinema">German Turks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Luxembourg" title="Cinema of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Netherlands" title="Cinema of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Switzerland" title="Cinema of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_American_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="North American cinema">North</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Canada" title="Cinema of Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Quebec" title="Cinema of Quebec">Quebec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Costa_Rica" title="Cinema of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cuba" title="Cinema of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dominican_Republic_films" title="List of Dominican Republic films">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Haiti" title="Cinema of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Jamaica" title="Cinema of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Mexico" title="Cinema of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Cinema of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_South_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of South America">South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Argentina" title="Cinema of Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bolivia" title="Cinema of Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Brazil" title="Cinema of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Chile" title="Cinema of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Colombia" title="Cinema of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ecuador" title="Cinema of Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Paraguay" title="Cinema of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Peru" title="Cinema of Peru">Peru</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iquitos" title="Cinema of Iquitos">Iquitos</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Suriname" title="Cinema of Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Uruguay" title="Cinema of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Venezuela" title="Cinema of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oceanian_films" title="List of Oceanian films">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Australia" title="Cinema of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Fiji" title="Cinema of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_New_Zealand" title="Cinema of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Samoa" title="Cinema of Samoa">Samoa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intercontinental<br />& transnational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_cinema" title="Arab cinema">Arab World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochi_cinema" title="Balochi cinema">Balochi cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Middle_East" title="Cinema of the Middle East">Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_cinema" title="Kurdish cinema">Kurdish cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin American cinema">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Cinema of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/16px-Video-x-generic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/24px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/32px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Film" title="Portal:Film">Film portal</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/16px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/24px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/32px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:World" title="Portal:World">World portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cinema_of_Europe121" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Europe_topic" title="Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Europe_topic" title="Template talk:Europe topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Europe_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cinema_of_Europe121" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Europe" title="Cinema of Europe">Cinema of Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Albania" title="Cinema of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Andorra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Andorra (page does not exist)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Armenia" title="Cinema of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Austria" title="Cinema of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Azerbaijan" title="Cinema of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Belarus" title="Cinema of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Belgium" title="Cinema of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bulgaria" title="Cinema of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Croatia" title="Cinema of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cyprus" title="Cinema of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Cinema of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Denmark" title="Cinema of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Estonia" title="Cinema of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Finland" title="Cinema of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_France" title="Cinema of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Germany" title="Cinema of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Greece" title="Cinema of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Hungary" title="Cinema of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iceland" title="Cinema of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Italy" title="Cinema of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kazakhstan" title="Cinema of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Latvia" title="Cinema of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Liechtenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Liechtenstein (page does not exist)">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Lithuania" title="Cinema of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Luxembourg" title="Cinema of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Malta" title="Cinema of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Moldova" title="Cinema of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Monaco (page does not exist)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Netherlands" title="Cinema of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_North_Macedonia" title="Cinema of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Norway" title="Cinema of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Poland" title="Cinema of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Portugal" title="Cinema of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Romania" title="Cinema of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Russia" title="Cinema of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_San_Marino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of San Marino (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Serbia" title="Cinema of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Spain" title="Cinema of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Sweden" title="Cinema of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Switzerland" title="Cinema of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Turkey" title="Cinema of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ukraine" title="Cinema of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cinema of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kosovo" title="Cinema of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Cinema of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Gibraltar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Gibraltar (page does not exist)">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_the_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of the Isle of Man (page does not exist)">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Jersey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Jersey (page does not exist)">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- 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