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href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C4%9Daro" title="Maĝaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Maĝaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мадзар – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Мадзар" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majar" title="Majar – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Majar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Маджар – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Маджар" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mad%C5%BEar_(mesto)" title="Madžar (mesto) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Madžar (mesto)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Маджар – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Маджар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Majar_(Golden_Horde)&params=44_50_00_N_44_27_00_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°50′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">44°27′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.83333°N 44.45000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.83333; 44.45000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><b>Majar</b> or <b>Macar</b> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/ɑːr/: 'ar' in 'far'">ɑːr</span></span>/</a></span></span> was a <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">medieval</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a> in 13th-14th centuries. It once played a major role in the trade between <a href="/wiki/Idel-Ural" title="Idel-Ural">Idel-Ural</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> region. In 1310–1311 the city minted its own money. In 1395 it was sacked by troops of <a href="/wiki/Timur" title="Timur">Timur</a>. </p><p>The ruins of buildings and also <a href="/wiki/Public_bathing" title="Public bathing">public baths</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water_pipe" class="mw-redirect" title="Water pipe">water pipes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Workshop" title="Workshop">workshops</a>, and other remains of the city are situated on the river <a href="/wiki/Kuma_River_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuma River (Russia)">Kuma</a> near <a href="/wiki/Budyonnovsk" title="Budyonnovsk">Budyonnovsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stavropol_Krai" title="Stavropol Krai">Stavropol Krai</a>, Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mohammedan_chapel_in_Great_Madjars._Drawing_by_G._Geisler_(Pallas_1799).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Mohammedan_chapel_in_Great_Madjars._Drawing_by_G._Geisler_%28Pallas_1799%29.png/220px-Mohammedan_chapel_in_Great_Madjars._Drawing_by_G._Geisler_%28Pallas_1799%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Mohammedan_chapel_in_Great_Madjars._Drawing_by_G._Geisler_%28Pallas_1799%29.png/330px-Mohammedan_chapel_in_Great_Madjars._Drawing_by_G._Geisler_%28Pallas_1799%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Mohammedan_chapel_in_Great_Madjars._Drawing_by_G._Geisler_%28Pallas_1799%29.png/440px-Mohammedan_chapel_in_Great_Madjars._Drawing_by_G._Geisler_%28Pallas_1799%29.png 2x" data-file-width="775" data-file-height="454" /></a><figcaption>Mohammedan chapel in Great Madjars. Drawing by G. Geisler (Pallas 1799)</figcaption></figure> <p>Its name comes from the <a href="/wiki/Name_of_Hungary" title="Name of Hungary">Magyar</a> <a href="/wiki/Exonym_and_endonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Exonym and endonym">autonym</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Hungarians" title="Hungarians">Hungarians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The town was visited by <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta">Ibn Battuta</a> in around 1332: "I then set out for the city of al-Māchar, a large town, one of the finest of the cities of the Turks, on a great river, and possessed of gardens and fruits in abundance."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An unknown <a href="/wiki/Khazar" class="mw-redirect" title="Khazar">Khazar</a> city may have been located there, dating back to the 2nd century CE, and some historians think that this was the capital of the lost Eastern Hungarian Medieval Kingdom which is mentioned north to the Alans in a <a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">papal bull</a> in 1329, and in some Byzantine text that talks about the Hungarian migration. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majar_(Golden_Horde)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"Маҗар". <i><a href="/wiki/Tatar_Encyclopaedia" title="Tatar Encyclopaedia">Tatar Encyclopaedia</a></i> (in Tatar). <a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Tatarstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Tatarstan">Republic of Tatarstan</a> Academy of Sciences. Institution of the Tatar Encyclopaedia. 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D2%97%D0%B0%D1%80&rft.btitle=Tatar+Encyclopaedia&rft.place=Kazan&rft.pub=The+Republic+of+Tatarstan+Academy+of+Sciences.+Institution+of+the+Tatar+Encyclopaedia&rft.date=2002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajar+%28Golden+Horde%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBendefy1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bendefy, László (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mtda.hu/books/bendefy_laszlo_a_magyarsag_kaukazusi_oshazaja_Optimized.pdf"><i>A magyarság kaukázusi őshazája</i></a> [<i>The Caucasian homeland of the Hungarians</i>] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Hungarian). <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>: Cserépfalvi kiadása. p. 18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+magyars%C3%A1g+kauk%C3%A1zusi+%C5%91shaz%C3%A1ja&rft.place=Budapest&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Cser%C3%A9pfalvi+kiad%C3%A1sa&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Bendefy&rft.aufirst=L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmtda.hu%2Fbooks%2Fbendefy_laszlo_a_magyarsag_kaukazusi_oshazaja_Optimized.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajar+%28Golden+Horde%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibb1962" class="citation book cs1">Gibb, H.A.R. trans. and ed. (1962). <i>The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, A.D. 1325–1354 (Volume 2)</i>. London: Hakluyt Society. p. 479.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Travels+of+Ibn+Ba%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%AD%C5%AB%E1%B9%ADa%2C+A.D.+1325%E2%80%931354+%28Volume+2%29&rft.place=London&rft.pages=479&rft.pub=Hakluyt+Society&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Gibb&rft.aufirst=H.A.R.+trans.+and+ed.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajar+%28Golden+Horde%29" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|first=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDefrémerySanguinetti1854" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Defrémery, C.; Sanguinetti, B.R. trans. and eds. (1854). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m-UHAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA375"><i>Voyages d'Ibn Batoutah (Volume 2)</i></a> (in French and Arabic). Paris: Société Asiatic. p. 375.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Voyages+d%27Ibn+Batoutah+%28Volume+2%29&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=375&rft.pub=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+Asiatic&rft.date=1854&rft.aulast=Defr%C3%A9mery&rft.aufirst=C.&rft.au=Sanguinetti%2C+B.R.+trans.+and+eds.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm-UHAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA375&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajar+%28Golden+Horde%29" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|first2=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majar_(Golden_Horde)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoworth1880" class="citation book cs1">Howorth, Henry H. (1880). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/p1historyofmongo02howouoft#page/187/mode/1up"><i>History of the Mongols, from the 9th to the 19th (Part 2 Division 1)</i></a>. London: Longmans & Green. pp. 187–193.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Mongols%2C+from+the+9th+to+the+19th+%28Part+2+Division+1%29&rft.place=London&rft.pages=187-193&rft.pub=Longmans+%26+Green&rft.date=1880&rft.aulast=Howorth&rft.aufirst=Henry+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fp1historyofmongo02howouoft%23page%2F187%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajar+%28Golden+Horde%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYule1903" class="citation book cs1">Yule, Henry, trans. and ed. (1903). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/booksermarcopol03pologoog#page/n555/mode/1up"><i>The Book of Ser Marco Polo: The Venetian concerning the kingdoms and marvels of the east, Volume 2</i></a> (2nd ed.). London: John Murray. p. 491.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Ser+Marco+Polo%3A+The+Venetian+concerning+the+kingdoms+and+marvels+of+the+east%2C+Volume+2&rft.place=London&rft.pages=491&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1903&rft.aulast=Yule&rft.aufirst=Henry%2C+trans.+and+ed.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fbooksermarcopol03pologoog%23page%2Fn555%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMajar+%28Golden+Horde%29" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|first=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Majar_(Golden_Horde)&params=44_50_00_N_44_27_00_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°50′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">44°27′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.83333°N 44.45000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.83333; 44.45000</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p><p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span style="vertical-align:middle; background:transparent; color:inherit"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Flag of Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><span style="margin-left:-30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hourglass_drawing.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Hourglass icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hourglass_drawing.svg/23px-Hourglass_drawing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hourglass_drawing.svg/35px-Hourglass_drawing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hourglass_drawing.svg/46px-Hourglass_drawing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="546" data-file-height="708" /></a></span></span></span>  </td><td><p class="asbox-body">This <a href="/wiki/History_of_Russia" title="History of Russia">Russian history</a>–related article is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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